Refactor Repository Structure and Update READMEs

[ppant]

This PR comprehensively updates the repository's documentation and standardizes its structure. Key changes include:

• Renaming directories and files to follow a consistent PascalCase naming convention.
• Updating the root README.md to provide a clear project overview, detailed table of contents, and accurate links.
• Enhancing or creating README.md files for major subdirectories (Arrays, Deque, ErrorHandling, Stacks, Trees) including time complexity analysis where relevant.
• Ensuring all non-interactive scripts are functional and documentation links are valid through automated verification scripts.

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PR created automatically by Jules for task 13724426784866289827 started by @ppant

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