feat: Add Enterprise Managed Authorization (SEP-990) support

README.md

@@ -31,6 +31,11 @@ For more information about MCP:
 - [Protocol Specification](https://modelcontextprotocol.io/specification/)
 - [GitHub Organization](https://github.com/modelcontextprotocol)
 
+## Cross-Application Access (Identity Assertion Authorization Grant flow)
+
+The SDK provides support for the [Identity Assertion Authorization Grant flow](https://github.com/modelcontextprotocol/ext-auth/blob/main/specification/draft/enterprise-managed-authorization.mdx)
+via `IdentityAssertionGrantProvider`. See the [Cross-Application Access](docs/concepts/transports/transports.md#cross-application-access) section in the transport docs for full usage details.
+
 ## License
 
 This project is licensed under the [Apache License 2.0](LICENSE).

docs/concepts/transports/transports.md

@@ -378,3 +378,42 @@ Console.WriteLine(await echo.InvokeAsync(new() { ["arg"] = "Hello World" }));
 ```
 
 Like [stdio](#stdio-transport), the in-memory transport is inherently single-session — there is no `Mcp-Session-Id` header, and server-to-client requests (sampling, elicitation, roots) work naturally over the bidirectional pipe. This makes it ideal for testing servers that depend on these features. See [Sessions](xref:stateless) for how session behavior varies across transports.
+
+## Cross-Application Access
+
+The SDK provides built-in support for the [Identity Assertion Authorization Grant (IDAG) flow](https://github.com/modelcontextprotocol/ext-auth/blob/main/specification/draft/enterprise-managed-authorization.mdx) via `IdentityAssertionGrantProvider`. This enables non-interactive enterprise SSO scenarios where users authenticate once via their enterprise Identity Provider (IdP) and access MCP servers without per-server authorization prompts.
+
+The flow consists of two steps:
+1. **RFC 8693 Token Exchange** at the enterprise IdP: OIDC ID token → JWT Authorization Grant (JAG)
+2. **RFC 7523 JWT Bearer Grant** at the MCP authorization server: JAG → access token
+
+### Usage
+
+```csharp
+using ModelContextProtocol.Authentication;
+
+// The caller owns the HttpClient lifetime.
+var httpClient = new HttpClient();
+
+var provider = new IdentityAssertionGrantProvider(
+    new IdentityAssertionGrantProviderOptions
+    {
+        ClientId = "mcp-client-id",
+        IdpTokenEndpoint = "https://company.okta.com/oauth2/token",
+        IdpClientId = "idp-client-id",
+        IdTokenCallback = (context, cancellationToken) =>
+            // Fetch a fresh ID token from your SSO session.
+            mySsoClient.GetIdTokenAsync(cancellationToken)
+    },
+    httpClient);
+
+var tokens = await provider.GetAccessTokenAsync(
+    resourceUrl: new Uri("https://mcp-server.example.com"),
+    authorizationServerUrl: new Uri("https://auth.mcp-server.example.com"),
+    cancellationToken: ct);
+
+// Use tokens.AccessToken to authenticate against the MCP server.
+// Call provider.InvalidateCache() to force a fresh token exchange on the next call.
+```
+
+The provider caches the resulting access token and reuses it until it expires. To force re-authentication (e.g. after a 401 response), call `provider.InvalidateCache()` before retrying.

src/ModelContextProtocol.Core/Authentication/ExchangeJwtBearerGrantOptions.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+namespace ModelContextProtocol.Authentication;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Options for exchanging a JWT Authorization Grant for an access token via RFC 7523.
+/// </summary>
+internal sealed class ExchangeJwtBearerGrantOptions
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Gets or sets the MCP Server's authorization server token endpoint URL.
+    /// </summary>
+    public required string TokenEndpoint { get; set; }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Gets or sets the JWT Authorization Grant (JAG) assertion obtained from token exchange.
+    /// </summary>
+    public required string Assertion { get; set; }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Gets or sets the client ID for authentication with the MCP authorization server.
+    /// </summary>
+    public required string ClientId { get; set; }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Gets or sets the client secret for authentication with the MCP authorization server. Optional.
+    /// </summary>
+    public string? ClientSecret { get; set; }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Gets or sets the scopes to request (space-separated). Optional.
+    /// </summary>
+    public string? Scope { get; set; }
+}

src/ModelContextProtocol.Core/Authentication/IdentityAssertionGrant.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,296 @@
+using System.Net.Http.Headers;
+using System.Text.Json;
+
+namespace ModelContextProtocol.Authentication;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Provides internal utilities for the Cross-Application Access authorization flow.
+/// </summary>
+/// <remarks>
+/// Implements the Enterprise Managed Authorization flow as specified at
+/// <see href="https://github.com/modelcontextprotocol/ext-auth/blob/main/specification/draft/enterprise-managed-authorization.mdx"/>.
+/// </remarks>
+internal static class IdentityAssertionGrant
+{
+    #region Constants
+
+    /// <summary>Grant type URN for RFC 8693 token exchange.</summary>
+    public const string GrantTypeTokenExchange = "urn:ietf:params:oauth:grant-type:token-exchange";
+
+    /// <summary>Grant type URN for RFC 7523 JWT Bearer authorization grant.</summary>
+    public const string GrantTypeJwtBearer = "urn:ietf:params:oauth:grant-type:jwt-bearer";
+
+    /// <summary>Token type URN for OpenID Connect ID Tokens (RFC 8693).</summary>
+    public const string TokenTypeIdToken = "urn:ietf:params:oauth:token-type:id_token";
+
+    /// <summary>Token type URN for SAML 2.0 assertions (RFC 8693).</summary>
+    public const string TokenTypeSaml2 = "urn:ietf:params:oauth:token-type:saml2";
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Token type URN for Identity Assertion JWT Authorization Grants.
+    /// As specified at
+    /// <see href="https://github.com/modelcontextprotocol/ext-auth/blob/main/specification/draft/enterprise-managed-authorization.mdx"/>.
+    /// </summary>
+    public const string TokenTypeIdJag = "urn:ietf:params:oauth:token-type:id-jag";
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// The expected value for <c>token_type</c> in a JAG token exchange response per RFC 8693 §2.2.1.
+    /// The issued token is not an OAuth access token, so its type is "N_A".
+    /// </summary>
+    public const string TokenTypeNotApplicable = "N_A";
+
+    #endregion
+
+    #region Token Exchange (RFC 8693)
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Requests a JWT Authorization Grant (JAG) from an Identity Provider via RFC 8693 Token Exchange.
+    /// Returns the JAG string to be used as a JWT Bearer assertion (RFC 7523) against the MCP authorization server.
+    /// </summary>
+    public static async Task<string> RequestJwtAuthorizationGrantAsync(
+        RequestJwtAuthGrantOptions options,
+        HttpClient httpClient,
+        CancellationToken cancellationToken = default)
+    {
+        Throw.IfNull(options);
+        Throw.IfNullOrWhiteSpace(options.TokenEndpoint);
+        Throw.IfNullOrWhiteSpace(options.Audience);
+        Throw.IfNullOrWhiteSpace(options.Resource);
+        Throw.IfNullOrWhiteSpace(options.IdToken);
+        Throw.IfNullOrWhiteSpace(options.ClientId);
+
+        var formData = new Dictionary<string, string>
+        {
+            ["grant_type"] = GrantTypeTokenExchange,
+            ["requested_token_type"] = TokenTypeIdJag,
+            ["subject_token"] = options.IdToken,
+            ["subject_token_type"] = TokenTypeIdToken,
+            ["audience"] = options.Audience,
+            ["resource"] = options.Resource,
+            ["client_id"] = options.ClientId,
+        };
+
+        if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(options.ClientSecret))
+        {
+            formData["client_secret"] = options.ClientSecret!;
+        }
+
+        if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(options.Scope))
+        {
+            formData["scope"] = options.Scope!;
+        }
+
+        using var requestContent = new FormUrlEncodedContent(formData);
+        using var httpRequest = new HttpRequestMessage(HttpMethod.Post, options.TokenEndpoint)
+        {
+            Content = requestContent
+        };
+
+        httpRequest.Headers.Accept.Add(new MediaTypeWithQualityHeaderValue("application/json"));
+
+        using var httpResponse = await httpClient.SendAsync(httpRequest, cancellationToken).ConfigureAwait(false);
+        var responseBody = await httpResponse.Content.ReadAsStringAsync(cancellationToken).ConfigureAwait(false);
+
+        if (!httpResponse.IsSuccessStatusCode)
+        {
+            OAuthErrorResponse? errorResponse = null;
+            try
+            {
+                errorResponse = JsonSerializer.Deserialize(responseBody, McpJsonUtilities.JsonContext.Default.OAuthErrorResponse);
+            }
+            catch
+            {
+                // Could not parse error response
+            }
+
+            throw new IdentityAssertionGrantException(
+                $"Token exchange failed with status {(int)httpResponse.StatusCode}.",
+                errorResponse?.Error,
+                errorResponse?.ErrorDescription,
+                errorResponse?.ErrorUri);
+        }
+
+        var response = JsonSerializer.Deserialize(responseBody, McpJsonUtilities.JsonContext.Default.JagTokenExchangeResponse);
+
+        if (response is null)
+        {
+            var ex = new IdentityAssertionGrantException("Failed to parse token exchange response.");
+            ex.Data["ResponseBody"] = responseBody;
+            throw ex;
+        }
+
+        if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(response.AccessToken))
+        {
+            throw new IdentityAssertionGrantException("Token exchange response missing required field: access_token");
+        }
+
+        if (!string.Equals(response.IssuedTokenType, TokenTypeIdJag, StringComparison.Ordinal))
+        {
+            throw new IdentityAssertionGrantException(
+                $"Token exchange response issued_token_type must be '{TokenTypeIdJag}', got '{response.IssuedTokenType}'.");
+        }
+
+        if (!string.Equals(response.TokenType, TokenTypeNotApplicable, StringComparison.Ordinal))
+        {
+            throw new IdentityAssertionGrantException(
+                $"Token exchange response token_type must be '{TokenTypeNotApplicable}' per RFC 8693 §2.2.1, got '{response.TokenType}'.");
+        }
+
+        return response.AccessToken;
+    }
+
+    #endregion
+
+    #region JWT Bearer Grant (RFC 7523)
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Exchanges a JWT Authorization Grant (JAG) for an access token at an MCP Server's authorization server
+    /// using the JWT Bearer grant (RFC 7523).
+    /// </summary>
+    public static async Task<TokenContainer> ExchangeJwtBearerGrantAsync(
+        ExchangeJwtBearerGrantOptions options,
+        HttpClient httpClient,
+        CancellationToken cancellationToken = default)
+    {
+        Throw.IfNull(options);
+        Throw.IfNullOrWhiteSpace(options.TokenEndpoint);
+        Throw.IfNullOrWhiteSpace(options.Assertion);
+        Throw.IfNullOrWhiteSpace(options.ClientId);
+
+        var formData = new Dictionary<string, string>
+        {
+            ["grant_type"] = GrantTypeJwtBearer,
+            ["assertion"] = options.Assertion,
+            ["client_id"] = options.ClientId,
+        };
+
+        if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(options.ClientSecret))
+        {
+            formData["client_secret"] = options.ClientSecret!;
+        }
+
+        if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(options.Scope))
+        {
+            formData["scope"] = options.Scope!;
+        }
+
+        using var requestContent = new FormUrlEncodedContent(formData);
+        using var httpRequest = new HttpRequestMessage(HttpMethod.Post, options.TokenEndpoint)
+        {
+            Content = requestContent
+        };
+
+        httpRequest.Headers.Accept.Add(new MediaTypeWithQualityHeaderValue("application/json"));
+
+        using var httpResponse = await httpClient.SendAsync(httpRequest, cancellationToken).ConfigureAwait(false);
+        var responseBody = await httpResponse.Content.ReadAsStringAsync(cancellationToken).ConfigureAwait(false);
+
+        if (!httpResponse.IsSuccessStatusCode)
+        {
+            OAuthErrorResponse? errorResponse = null;
+            try
+            {
+                errorResponse = JsonSerializer.Deserialize(responseBody, McpJsonUtilities.JsonContext.Default.OAuthErrorResponse);
+            }
+            catch
+            {
+                // Could not parse error response
+            }
+
+            throw new IdentityAssertionGrantException(
+                $"JWT bearer grant failed with status {(int)httpResponse.StatusCode}.",
+                errorResponse?.Error,
+                errorResponse?.ErrorDescription,
+                errorResponse?.ErrorUri);
+        }
+
+        var response = JsonSerializer.Deserialize(responseBody, McpJsonUtilities.JsonContext.Default.JwtBearerAccessTokenResponse);
+
+        if (response is null)
+        {
+            var ex = new IdentityAssertionGrantException("Failed to parse JWT bearer grant response.");
+            ex.Data["ResponseBody"] = responseBody;
+            throw ex;
+        }
+
+        if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(response.AccessToken))
+        {
+            throw new IdentityAssertionGrantException("JWT bearer grant response missing required field: access_token");
+        }
+
+        if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(response.TokenType))
+        {
+            throw new IdentityAssertionGrantException("JWT bearer grant response missing required field: token_type");
+        }
+
+        if (!string.Equals(response.TokenType, "bearer", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
+        {
+            throw new IdentityAssertionGrantException(
+                $"JWT bearer grant response token_type must be 'bearer' per RFC 7523, got '{response.TokenType}'.");
+        }
+
+        return new TokenContainer
+        {
+            AccessToken = response.AccessToken,
+            TokenType = response.TokenType,
+            RefreshToken = response.RefreshToken,
+            ExpiresIn = response.ExpiresIn,
+            Scope = response.Scope,
+            ObtainedAt = DateTimeOffset.UtcNow,
+        };
+    }
+
+    #endregion
+
+    #region Helper: Auth Server Metadata Discovery
+
+    private static readonly string[] s_wellKnownPaths = [".well-known/openid-configuration", ".well-known/oauth-authorization-server"];
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Discovers authorization server metadata from the well-known endpoints.
+    /// </summary>
+    internal static async Task<AuthorizationServerMetadata> DiscoverAuthServerMetadataAsync(
+        Uri issuerUrl,
+        HttpClient httpClient,
+        CancellationToken cancellationToken)
+    {
+        var baseUrl = issuerUrl.ToString();
+        if (!baseUrl.EndsWith("/", StringComparison.Ordinal))
+        {
+            issuerUrl = new Uri($"{baseUrl}/");
+        }
+
+        foreach (var path in s_wellKnownPaths)
+        {
+            try
+            {
+                var wellKnownEndpoint = new Uri(issuerUrl, path);
+                var response = await httpClient.GetAsync(wellKnownEndpoint, cancellationToken).ConfigureAwait(false);
+
+                if (!response.IsSuccessStatusCode)
+                {
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                using var stream = await response.Content.ReadAsStreamAsync(cancellationToken).ConfigureAwait(false);
+                var metadata = await JsonSerializer.DeserializeAsync(
+                    stream,
+                    McpJsonUtilities.JsonContext.Default.AuthorizationServerMetadata,
+                    cancellationToken).ConfigureAwait(false);
+
+                if (metadata is not null)
+                {
+                    return metadata;
+                }
+            }
+            catch
+            {
+                continue;
+            }
+        }
+
+        throw new IdentityAssertionGrantException($"Failed to discover authorization server metadata for: {issuerUrl}");
+    }
+
+    #endregion
+}