Summary

Repo.__init__ decides which directory is the git directory by testing candidate paths in an order that
considers the real .git last. Two earlier tests can be satisfied by ordinary tracked files. Git
reserves only the literal name .git, so HEAD, objects/, refs/, config, gitdir, commondir
and hooks/ at a repository root are all legal tracked content.

Consequently, after a victim opens or clones an attacker's repository, GitPython resolves git_dir to
the working-tree root while real git correctly resolves <root>/.git. Everything GitPython then
treats as "inside the git directory" is attacker-authored content — including hooks/, which it
executes.

Affected code (3.1.59)

The discovery loop in git/repo/base.py tests, in order:

1. git/repo/base.py:299 — isfile(curpath/gitdir) and isfile(curpath/commondir) and isfile(curpath/HEAD)
2. git/repo/base.py:320 — is_git_dir(curpath)
3. git/repo/base.py:341 — dotgit = osp.join(curpath, ".git") ← the real git dir, considered last

is_git_dir (git/repo/fun.py:60) requires only that objects/ and refs/ are directories and that
HEAD is a file; HEAD's contents are never parsed. The hook path is resolved from
index.repo.git_dir (git/index/fun.py:73), i.e. the mis-resolved directory.

Proof of concept

Requires only pip install GitPython==3.1.59. Full script attached as poc1_rce.py; it runs entirely
in a temp directory and the payload only writes a marker file.

Attacker repository — four ordinary tracked files at the root:

Victim — two ordinary calls:

repo = git.Repo.clone_from(url, dst)     # or git.Repo(dst)
repo.index.commit("automated commit")    # code execution happens here

Observed on the PyPI release 3.1.59 (Linux and Windows):

real git says the git dir is : /tmp/.../victim/.git
GitPython says it is         : /tmp/.../victim      <- shadowed
attacker's hook executed     : True
git fsck                     : (clean)

The pre-commit hook runs at git/index/base.py:1201, before write_tree(), so it fires even though
the commit later fails.

Impact

A service that opens or clones an untrusted repository with GitPython — a CI runner building a fork
pull request, a code-scanning/SBOM service, a mirror, a dependency bot, an AI code-review/agent tool —
can be made to:

1. Execute arbitrary commands via the tracked <root>/hooks/pre-commit when the victim calls
   index.commit().
2. Read files outside the repository: the tracked <root>/config becomes the repository config and
   is parsed with merge_includes=True (git/repo/base.py:765), so [include] path = ~/.aws/credentials
   discloses the file. (Repo._config_reader still defaults merge_includes=True, so the hardening
   added in 3.1.59 for .gitmodules/GHSA-7833 does not cover this path.)
3. Write a config file to an attacker-chosen directory via an absolute tracked commondir.

Delivery is silent: git clone exits 0, git fsck (including --strict, and with
transfer.fsckObjects/fetch.fsckObjects=true) reports nothing, and the clone passes every read-only
probe (head.commit, branches, is_dirty(), untracked_files, iter_commits) because a tracked
commondir of .git pins common_dir to the real .git.

Threat model / preconditions

• Attacker controls the content of a repository the victim opens or clones with GitPython (public repo,
  fork PR, mirrored dependency).
• For code execution, the victim performs a commit via GitPython's native index.commit(). For the
  file-read impact, opening the repo and reading config is enough.
• GIT_WORK_TREE is not a mitigation — git_dir is assigned and the discovery loop breaks before
  the environment is consulted.
• Real git is unaffected; only GitPython mis-resolves the directory.

Remediation

1. Test curpath/.git before the gitdir/commondir/HEAD triple and before is_git_dir(curpath).
2. Resolve hook_path / _commit_hook_path / _get_validated_reflog_path through repo.common_dir.
3. Containment-check commondir/gitdir contents before joining (reuse
   SymbolicReference._get_validated_path).
4. Validate HEAD in is_git_dir (require ref: refs/... or a 40-hex sha).
5. Pass merge_includes=False in Repo._config_reader (git/repo/base.py:765).

Note for the maintainers

Commit 406b98e1 (2026-05-31, "respect core.hooksPath for commit hooks") resolved the hook path via
git rev-parse --git-path, which is immune because git rediscovers the true .git. Commit 9bc287a2
(2026-07-20) reverted it to avoid an unconditional rev-parse dependency — reintroducing the exec step.
Measured at each commit with the healthy-looking layout: 406b98e1 → hook did not fire; 9bc287a2 …
3.1.59 → hook fired.

Scope note

Only the repository-root case is reported: where a real .git exists, git prefers it, and GitPython
does not. A fake git dir in a subdirectory fools real git too, so that variant is out of scope as a
general ecosystem hazard rather than a GitPython defect.

###POC Files :
poc1_rce.py
poc2_file_read.py