ci: Pin transitive dependencies for tests suites on Python>=3.8

[alexander-alderman-webb]

Description

Add transitive dependencies to all test groups that are generated by populate_tox.py.
Dependency versions are resolved via a dry run of pip through uv on the relevant Python version.
Pins one set of dependencies per Python version and per library version.

Update DEPENDENCIES_CACHE to also be keyed on the Python version, since dependency versions of a package depend on the Python version. The cache is now indexed on the package name, package version, and Python version.

Issues

Reminders

• Please add tests to validate your changes, and lint your code using tox -e linters.
• Add GH Issue ID & Linear ID (if applicable)
• PR title should use conventional commit style (feat:, fix:, ref:, meta:)
• For external contributors: CONTRIBUTING.md, Sentry SDK development docs, Discord community

[github-actions]

Codecov Results 📊

✅ 67 passed | Total: 67 | Pass Rate: 100% | Execution Time: 7.45s

📊 Comparison with Base Branch

Metric	Change
Total Tests	—
Passed Tests	—
Failed Tests	—
Skipped Tests	—

✨ No test changes detected

All tests are passing successfully.

✅ Patch coverage is 100.00%. Project has 14857 uncovered lines.
✅ Project coverage is 35.13%. Comparing base (base) to head (head).

Coverage diff

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##          main       #PR       +/-##
==========================================
+ Coverage    35.13%    35.13%        —%
==========================================
  Files          190       190         —
  Lines        22901     22901         —
  Branches      7854      7854         —
==========================================
+ Hits          8044      8044         —
- Misses       14857     14857         —
- Partials       715       715         —

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Generated by Codecov Action