Universal Transaction Layer
Native transactions across independent assets — no wrapped tokens, no bridges, no custodian. Bittensor Subnet 7 (SN7).
Allways creates a verification layer above independent systems. Assets move natively. Miners complete transactions, validators independently verify the results, and a smart contract enforces outcomes through collateral and slashing.
Currently live with SOL ↔ BTC, SOL ↔ TAO, SOL ↔ ETH, SOL ↔ USDC-on-Arbitrum, SOL ↔ HYPE, SOL ↔ BNB, SOL ↔ AVAX, SOL ↔ USDC-on-Base, SOL ↔ USDC-on-Ethereum, and SOL ↔ CRO (hub-and-spoke: every pair has a SOL leg). Designed to scale to any verifiable asset. Currently live with SOL ↔ BTC, SOL ↔ TAO, SOL ↔ ETH, SOL ↔ USDC-on-Arbitrum, SOL ↔ HYPE, SOL ↔ BNB, SOL ↔ AVAX, SOL ↔ USDC-on-Base, SOL ↔ USDC-on-Ethereum, and SOL ↔ ASTER (hub-and-spoke: every pair has a SOL leg). Designed to scale to any verifiable asset.
The miner in this repository is reference software. Review the code thoroughly and build it out with your own safety and optimization measures before running it. Running the base miner, or anything you build on top of it, is at your own risk.
- Python 3.10+
- Bittensor wallet
- Docker & Docker Compose
Miner:
docker compose -f docker-compose.miner.yml up -dValidator:
docker compose -f docker-compose.vali.yml up -dBoth require a .env file with PORT and WALLET_PATH configured.
uv sync
# activate the uv virtual environment
source .venv/bin/activate
alw --help- Miners: Post exchange rate pairs and collateral, fulfill swap orders
- Validators: Monitor swaps, verify on-chain transactions, vote on outcomes
- Smart Contract: Manages collateral, swap lifecycle, and validator voting
- CLI: User interface for posting pairs, managing collateral, and executing swaps
Bond, then activate, then quote — in that order, for either backing. A quote is a promise that
one specific bond answers for, so set_quote refuses a purse you are not already serving
(MinerNotActive). Quoting before activation is rejected, not queued.
SOL-backed (collateral held on Solana):
alw collateral deposit <SOL> # fund the local purse (bind-hotkey needs it — see below)
alw miner bind-hotkey # bind your hotkey to your Solana pubkey (once)
alw miner activate # validators vote you active
alw miner post sol <addr> btc <addr> <rate> # quoteTAO-backed (bond held in the Bittensor vault). Same order; the bond lives on another chain, so activation waits on validators mirroring it to Solana rather than on a local read:
alw collateral deposit 0.1 # one-time identity deposit — see the note below
alw miner bind-hotkey # the vault keys bonds by hotkey, joined via this binding
alw vault post-collateral <TAO> # bond into the vault (signed by the hotkey)
alw vault lock # enter service — only a LOCKED bond is attested
# wait a minute: validators mirror the bond to Solana
alw miner activate --backing tao # validators vote that purse active
alw miner post sol <addr> tao <addr> <rate> --backing taoPurses activate one at a time, so alw miner activate lights one. It infers the backing when only
one purse is funded and not yet serving — which is every step of the order above — and asks for
--backing only when both are candidates at once. Activation is refused, not queued, while the
bond has yet to be mirrored: retry rather than wait on the request.
alw miner status shows the required bond and whether each purse is serving yet.
A TAO-only miner still posts a small SOL deposit — once. bind-hotkey requires a live local
collateral stake (min_collateral, currently 0.1 SOL) — which is why the deposit comes first in both
recipes above — because binding a hotkey is what claims that identity on Solana and the deposit is the
anti-squat cost of the claim. Since the vault keys bonds by
hotkey and validators join them to your Solana pubkey through that binding, a TAO-backed miner needs
the binding to set rates or be credited for its swaps — so it needs the deposit too. That is the whole
of it: the SOL purse never has to be activated, it posts no quotes, and it backs nothing. Withdraw it
by deactivating and waiting out the cooldown, the same as any SOL collateral.
What a TAO-backed quote guarantees. If the miner fails to deliver, the user is reimbursed in TAO from the miner's bond, shortly after the timeout. That differs from a SOL-backed quote in timing only: a SOL refund is instant because the collateral sits beside the swap, while the TAO reimbursement waits for validators to carry the timeout verdict to the vault and reach quorum there. Either way the user is made whole out of the bond that backed the quote.
Leaving. A locked bond is not withdrawable on demand. Deactivate the purse
(alw miner deactivate --backing tao), let in-flight swaps and their timeout windows drain, and
validators unlock the bond once nothing is owed on it — then alw vault withdraw succeeds.
Validator state lives in ~/.allways/validator/state.db (SQLite, WAL mode).
Tables: pending_confirms, rate_events, swap_outcomes. Collateral /
active / min_collateral state is held in memory and rebuilt from contract
events each startup; only swap_outcomes (the all-time credibility ledger)
needs to persist across restarts.
BTC_PRIVATE_KEY,ETH_PRIVATE_KEY,ARB_PRIVATE_KEY,HYPE_PRIVATE_KEY,BNB_PRIVATE_KEY,AVAX_PRIVATE_KEY,BASE_PRIVATE_KEY,CRO_PRIVATE_KEY,{ETH,ARB,HYPE,BNB,AVAX,BASE,CRO}_RPC_URLS, etc. — keyed by network, so assets sharing one share its config (ETH and ethusdc both ride theETH_*vars). See.env.example.BTC_PRIVATE_KEY,ETH_PRIVATE_KEY,ARB_PRIVATE_KEY,HYPE_PRIVATE_KEY,BNB_PRIVATE_KEY,AVAX_PRIVATE_KEY,BASE_PRIVATE_KEY,{ETH,ARB,HYPE,BNB,AVAX,BASE}_RPC_URLS, etc. — keyed by network, so assets sharing one share its config (ETH and ethusdc both ride theETH_*vars; BNB and aster both ride theBNB_*vars). See.env.example.
Validators read miner rate commitments every ~3 minutes AND stream contract
events every block via the same connection. Pointing at the public finney
entrypoint works but adds latency and RPC pressure — every validator on the
network should run its own lite node for this.
# Minimal lite-node command (adjust --base-path for storage volume)
subtensor \
--chain finney \
--base-path /var/lib/subtensor \
--rpc-external \
--ws-external \
--port 30333 \
--rpc-port 9933 \
--ws-port 9944 \
--pruning 1000Then point the validator at it via .env:
SUBTENSOR_NETWORK=ws://127.0.0.1:9944The dev environment in alw-utils/dev-environment provisions a local chain
automatically — no manual lite-node step is required there.
MIT License
Allways is permissionless, open-source, beta software. Swaps settle directly between counterparty wallets; the protocol never takes custody of user funds, and the protocol fee is charged against miner collateral rather than any user transfer. Validator operators, including those run by the project, verify swap outcomes but cannot redirect or receive any transferred amount. Use at your own risk. This software is provided "as is" without warranty of any kind. Nothing herein constitutes financial advice, and the creators assume no liability for losses arising from use of the protocol.