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This PR contains the following updates:

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| idna (changelog) | 3.11 → 3.15 | | |

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Internationalized Domain Names in Applications (IDNA): Specially crafted inputs to idna.encode() can bypass CVE-2024-3651 fix

CVE-2026-45409 / GHSA-65pc-fj4g-8rjx

More information

Details

This is the same issue as CVE-2024-3651, however the original remediation in 2024 was not a complete fix. Payloads such as "\u0660" * N or "\u30fb" * N + "\u6f22" utilize the valid_contexto function prior to length rejection, and for high values of N will take a long time to process.

Impact

A specially crafted argument to the idna.encode() function could consume significant resources. This may lead to a denial-of-service.

Patches

Starting in version 3.14, the function rejects long inputs as soon as practicable prior to any further processing to minimize resource consumption. In version 3.15, this approach was extended to lesser used alternate functions (i.e. per-label conversions and codec support).

Workarounds

Domain names cannot exceed 253 characters in length, if this length limit is enforced prior to passing the domain to the idna.encode() function it should no longer consume significant resources. This is triggered by arbitrarily large inputs that would not occur in normal usage, but may be passed to the library assuming there is no preliminary input validation by the higher-level application.

Severity

• CVSS Score: 6.9 / 10 (Medium)
• Vector String: CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

References

• https://github.com/kjd/idna/security/advisories/GHSA-65pc-fj4g-8rjx
• https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-45409
• https://github.com/pypa/advisory-database/tree/main/vulns/idna/PYSEC-2026-215.yaml
• https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-65pc-fj4g-8rjx

This data is provided by the GitHub Advisory Database (CC-BY 4.0).

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Release Notes

kjd/idna (idna)

v3.15

Compare Source

• Enforce DNS-length cap on individual labels early in check_label,
  short-circuiting contextual-rule processing for oversized input
  while staying compatible with UTS 46 usage.
• Tidy core helpers: hoist bidi category sets to module-level
  frozensets (avoiding per-codepoint list construction), simplify
  length checks, and reuse the shared _unicode_dots_re from
  idna.core in the codec module.
• Use raise ... from err for proper exception chaining and
  switch internal string formatting to f-strings.
• Allow flit_core 4.x in the build backend.
• Expand the ruff lint set (flake8-bugbear, flake8-simplify,
  pyupgrade, perflint) and apply the surfaced fixes; pin lint CI
  to Python 3.14.
• Add Dependabot configuration for GitHub Actions.
• Convert README and HISTORY from reStructuredText to Markdown.
• Reference CVE-2026-45409 for the 3.14 advisory in place of the
  initial GHSA identifier.

Thanks to Felix Yan, Stan Ulbrych, and metsw24-max for
contributions to this release.

v3.14

Compare Source

• Removed opportunity to process long inputs into quadratic
  time by rejecting oversize inputs up-front. Closes a bypass
  of the CVE-2024-3651 mitigation. [CVE-2026-45409]

Thanks to Stan Ulbrych for reporting the issue.

v3.13

Compare Source

• Correct classification error for codepoint U+A7F1

v3.12

Compare Source

• Update to Unicode 17.0.0.
• Issue a deprecation warning for the transitional argument.
• Added lazy-loading to provide some performance improvements.
• Removed vestiges of code related to Python 2 support, including
  segmentation of data structures specific to Jython.

Thanks to Rodrigo Nogueira for contributions to this release.

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