[SPARK-59597][SQL] Avoid quadratic CTE attribute restoration

[bhollis-dbx]

What changes were proposed in this pull request?

Use AttributeMap when restoring attributes from CTE references to CTE definitions in PushdownPredicatesAndPruneColumnsForCTEDef. This replaces a linear semantic search per attribute with expression-ID lookup.

Why are the changes needed?

The current implementation linearly searches the CTE attribute mapping for every restored attribute, making planning quadratic in CTE width. The cost reaches tens of milliseconds per rule application for wide CTEs and is repeated for CTE references and optimizer iterations.

Does this PR introduce any user-facing change?

No.

How was this patch tested?

Ran PushdownPredicatesForCTEDefStalenessSuite. All 7 tests passed.

Local benchmark output for the full rule:

Columns	Before	After	Change
1	2.38 us	2.48 us	4% slower
2	2.85 us	2.92 us	2% slower
5	5.02 us	4.72 us	6% faster
10	8.15 us	7.21 us	12% faster
20	14.78 us	12.41 us	16% faster
50	41.36 us	28.96 us	30% faster
100	100.11 us	54.71 us	45% faster
500	1.65 ms	0.27 ms	6.1x faster
1,000	6.53 ms	0.58 ms	11.2x faster
2,000	26.54 ms	1.33 ms	19.9x faster

Was this patch authored or co-authored using generative AI tooling?

Generated-by: OpenAI Codex (GPT-5)