GH-50716: [C++][CI] Make simdjson required for Parquet

[pitrou]

Rationale for this change

This should fix a number of C++ and Python CI builds now that simdjson is used for parsing geospatial and modular encryption metadata.

Are these changes tested?

By existing CI builds.

Are there any user-facing changes?

Just a bugfix in the build chain.

• GitHub Issue: [C++][CI] Failed builds due to missing simdjson #50716

[pitrou]

@github-actions crossbow submit -g cpp -g python

[github-actions]

Revision: ffe90c2

Submitted crossbow builds: ursacomputing/crossbow @ actions-4451ec87d8

Task	Status
example-cpp-minimal-build-static
example-cpp-minimal-build-static-system-dependency
example-cpp-tutorial
example-python-minimal-build-fedora-conda
example-python-minimal-build-ubuntu-venv
test-build-cpp-fuzz
test-conda-cpp
test-conda-cpp-valgrind
test-conda-python-3.11
test-conda-python-3.11-dask-latest
test-conda-python-3.11-dask-upstream_devel
test-conda-python-3.11-hdfs-2.9.2
test-conda-python-3.11-hdfs-3.2.1
test-conda-python-3.11-hypothesis
test-conda-python-3.11-pandas-2.0.3-numpy-1.23.2
test-conda-python-3.11-spark-master
test-conda-python-3.12
test-conda-python-3.12-pandas-latest-numpy-latest
test-conda-python-3.13
test-conda-python-3.13-pandas-latest-numpy-1.26.2
test-conda-python-3.13-pandas-latest-numpy-latest
test-conda-python-3.14
test-conda-python-3.14-cpython-debug
test-conda-python-3.14-pandas-nightly-numpy-nightly
test-conda-python-3.14-pandas-upstream_devel-numpy-nightly
test-conda-python-emscripten
test-debian-13-cpp-amd64
test-debian-13-cpp-i386
test-debian-13-python-3-amd64
test-debian-13-python-3-i386
test-debian-experimental-cpp-gcc-15
test-fedora-42-cpp
test-fedora-42-python-3
test-ubuntu-22.04-cpp
test-ubuntu-22.04-cpp-bundled
test-ubuntu-22.04-cpp-emscripten
test-ubuntu-22.04-cpp-no-threading
test-ubuntu-24.04-cpp
test-ubuntu-24.04-cpp-bundled-offline
test-ubuntu-24.04-cpp-gcc-13-bundled
test-ubuntu-24.04-cpp-gcc-14
test-ubuntu-24.04-cpp-minimal-with-formats
test-ubuntu-24.04-cpp-thread-sanitizer
test-ubuntu-24.04-python-3

[amoeba]

Thanks. Just ran into this while updating the cookbooks in apache/arrow-cookbook#407.