sqlparse

A non-validating SQL parser for Python. Split scripts into statements, format them, and walk their token tree.

sqlparse tokenizes SQL text and groups the parts it recognizes into a tree of statements, clauses, identifiers and expressions. It accepts any input without validating it, and makes no assumptions about a particular SQL dialect, so vendor extensions and templated SQL parse too. It is a building block for formatters, linters, editors and query analysis tools.

Licensed under the New BSD license.

Install

pip install sqlparse

Usage

Three module-level functions cover most needs: split(), format() and parse().

Split a script into statements

import sqlparse

sqlparse.split("select * from foo; select * from bar;")
# ['select * from foo;', 'select * from bar;']

Format a statement

print(sqlparse.format("select id,name from users where active=1",
                      reindent=True, keyword_case="upper"))

SELECT id,
       name
FROM users
WHERE active=1

format() accepts the same options as the command line, among them reindent, keyword_case, strip_comments and indent_width.

Parse and inspect a statement

statement = sqlparse.parse("select id, name from users where active = 1")[0]

print(statement.get_type())
for token in statement.tokens:
    if not token.is_whitespace:
        print(f"{token.ttype or type(token).__name__!s:20} {token!s}")

SELECT
Token.Keyword.DML    select
IdentifierList       id, name
Token.Keyword        from
Identifier           users
Where                where active = 1

Tokens with a ttype are leaves. The others are groups you can descend into, which is how nested constructs like subqueries and CASE expressions are represented. See Analyzing SQL statements for the traversal API.

Command line

Installing sqlparse also provides the sqlformat command. It reads from stdin when the filename is -, writes to stdout by default, and rewrites files in place with --in-place:

sqlformat --reindent --keywords upper query.sql

Run sqlformat --help for all formatting options.

Pre-commit hook

Format SQL files on commit with pre-commit:

repos:
  - repo: https://github.com/andialbrecht/sqlparse
    rev: 0.5.5  # use the latest release
    hooks:
      - id: sqlformat
        args: [--in-place, --reindent, --keywords, upper]

The hook defaults to --in-place --reindent. When overriding args, keep --in-place, or the hook writes to stdout and leaves your files unchanged.

Links

Documentation	https://sqlparse.readthedocs.io/
Release notes	https://sqlparse.readthedocs.io/en/latest/changes.html
Issues	https://github.com/andialbrecht/sqlparse/issues
Discussions	https://github.com/andialbrecht/sqlparse/discussions
Online demo	https://sqlformat.org/

Contributing

Contributions are welcome. See CONTRIBUTING.md to get started.

sqlparse is maintained in spare time, so it can take a while before an issue or pull request gets a reply. Thanks for your patience. A pull request that comes with tests for the behavior it changes is usually the quickest to review.

For security issues, please follow SECURITY.md rather than opening a public issue.

License

sqlparse is licensed under the New BSD license; see LICENSE for the full text. Parts of the code are based on Pygments, written by Georg Brandl and others.