Add SquareFreeInteger to maths

src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/maths/SquareFreeInteger.java

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+package com.thealgorithms.maths.Prime;
+
+/**
+ * A square-free integer is an integer divisible by no perfect square other than 1.
+ * In other words, its prime factorization has no repeated factors.
+ * Examples: 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 10, 11, 13, 14, 15...
+ * Non-examples: 4, 8, 9, 12, 16, 18 (all divisible by 4 or 9)
+ *
+ * @see <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Square-free_integer">Square-free integer (Wikipedia)</a>
+ */
+public final class SquareFreeInteger {
+
+    private SquareFreeInteger() {
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Checks if a given number is a square-free integer.
+     *
+     * @param number the number to check (must be greater than zero)
+     * @return true if number is square-free, false otherwise
+     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if number is not greater than zero
+     */
+    public static boolean isSquareFreeInteger(int number) {
+        if (number <= 0) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Number must be greater than zero.");
+        }
+        for (int i = 2; (long) i * i <= number; i++) {
+            if (number % (i * i) == 0) {
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+}