[pruthvi828]

Description of Change

This PR implements the Round Robin (RR) CPU Scheduling Algorithm under cpu_scheduling_algorithms/round_robin_scheduling.cpp.

Fixes #1574 (CPU Scheduling algorithms)

Overview

Round Robin is the quintessential preemptive scheduling algorithm used in time-sharing and real-time interactive operating systems. Each ready process is assigned a cyclic time slice (quantum).

Key Features

• Generic / Templated: Supports generic numerical types for Process ID, Arrival Time, and Burst Time (S, T, E).
• Comprehensive Lifecycle & Metrics Computation:
  • Completion Time (CT)
  • Turnaround Time (TAT = CT - AT)
  • Waiting Time (WT = TAT - BT)
  • Response Time (RT = FirstCPU - AT)
• Gantt Chart Timeline Generation: Preserves chronological time windows for execution visualization.
• Robust Edge Case Handling:
  • Staggered and simultaneous process arrivals.
  • CPU idle gaps when no process has arrived.
  • Zero burst time rejection and duplicate process ID rejection.
  • Degeneracy handling when quantum exceeds total burst times.
• Doxygen Compliant: Complete Doxygen documentation with @file, @brief, @details, @tparam, @param, and @return tags.
• Strict Code Style: Verified and formatted with .clang-format (--dry-run --Werror clean).

In-File Self Tests

The implementation includes a complete self-contained test suite (static void test()) with assert():

1. Canonical Textbook Benchmark: Silberschatz OS Concepts canonical example.
2. Staggered Arrivals: Processes arriving across varying timeline intervals.
3. CPU Idle Periods: Large gaps between process arrivals.
4. Single Process Boundary Case: Verifies turnaround and response invariants.
5. FCFS Degeneracy: Extremely large quantum behavior.
6. Input Validation: Rejection of duplicates and invalid burst times.

---

Checklist

• Added description of change
• Added file name matches File name guidelines (cpu_scheduling_algorithms/round_robin_scheduling.cpp)
• Added tests and example, test must pass
• Added documentation so that the program is self-explanatory and educational - Doxygen guidelines
• Relevant documentation/comments is changed or added
• PR title follows semantic commit guidelines
• Search previous suggestions before making a new one, as yours may be a duplicate.
• I acknowledge that all my contributions will be made under the project's license.

Notes: Implemented clean, modern, Doxygen-documented Round Robin CPU Scheduling algorithm with Gantt chart generation and self-tests.