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perf(runtime): lean Map/Set lookup lanes; empty-array pop fast path; single-pass length-0 re-arm (ECS round 4, +5.6%) - #8934

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proggeramlug:perf/ecs-r4-collections
Aug 28, 2026
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perf(runtime): lean Map/Set lookup lanes; empty-array pop fast path; single-pass length-0 re-arm (ECS round 4, +5.6%)#8934
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@proggeramlug proggeramlug commented Aug 28, 2026

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Three runtime mechanisms from the ECS round-4 chain (each screened with paired alternating runs on the idle Mac mini and confirmed over 15 pairs on the codehz/ecs "5k entities: 3 commands each + sync" row). They were pushed onto #8916 after it had already merged with only its first commit, so they never reached main — this PR re-cuts them from current main. Write-up: secret-tests/ecs-suite/PERRY_ECS_FOLLOWUP_2026-08-27_CLAUDE.md.

step control result 9-pair screen 15-pair confirm
lean Map numeric lookup lane 3.814 ms 3.686 ms +3.37%, 9/9 +3.30%, 15/15, 30 oracles (r4c-confirm.json)
small-Set member scan before the side-table 3.684 ms 3.617 ms +1.85%, 9/9 +1.80%, 15/15, 30 oracles (r4d-confirm.json)
empty-array pop fast path + single-pass length-0 re-arm 3.617 ms 3.599 ms +0.48%, 9/9 +0.48%, 15/15, 30 oracles (r4f-confirm.json)
  • Map lookups run a lean numeric lane before the general find_key_index. The function carried the string-hash, pointer-index, hashed-numeric and generic-compare paths in one body; a PC histogram of the profile put a third of its 5.5% self time on the prologue/epilogue those cold paths force (eight callee-saved GPRs and four FP registers on arm64) and half on the dense-key range tests. The two shapes the numeric side-table exists for — a plain (untagged, non-NaN, non-zero) number against a small map's entries by bit identity, or against the dense integer range table — now run in an always-inlined find_key_index_hot inside js_map_get/js_map_has/js_map_set's callers; everything else goes to the outlined find_key_index_cold. A dense-range miss stays definitive for its span; a key outside the span, a tagged, zero or NaN key, and every string or pointer key take the cold path unchanged. hot_lookup_lane_agrees_with_the_cold_path_on_every_key_shape pins hit/definitive-miss/out-of-span/-0/NaN/tagged shapes on both a small and a dense map.
  • Small-Set lookups scan the members before the side-table. find_value_index answered every Set.has/Set.add through the thread-local SET_INDEX: a hash of the set address to reach its table, then a hash of the value — two probes for sets that in the hot shapes hold three or four numbers (componentTypeSet.has was 7.5% of the in-place update path). A plain number against a set of at most eight elements is now decided by reading elements[0..size) — exactly the membership, since delete compacts and add normalises -0, and no tagged value equals a number. Larger sets, tagged/zero/NaN values and every string keep the side-table, outlined. Pinned by small_set_scan_lane_agrees_with_the_side_table_on_every_value_shape.
  • pop() on an empty plain array answers from the header fast path; length = 0 re-arms an all-pointer head in one registry pass. The pop fast path required a non-empty array, so the drained pool's pool.pop() ?? [] fell through the whole generic tower to reach the same length == 0 return; with the descriptor flag excluded, Set(O, "length", 0) is a no-op and there is no index to Get or Delete. rebuild_array_layout on length = 0 of an all-pointer head ran the zero-slot rebuild and then layout_init_all_pointer_slots, which clears the same bit, forgets the same two record kinds and sets the state — two passes over the layout registries per pooled.length = 0; the re-arm now runs alone with an identical end state (the round-U truncate test additionally asserts no per-object record survives). The pop/push tests move to array/push_pop_tests.rs for the 2000-line gate.

Tests: runtime suite (2763) incl. map::, set::, array::, layout_trace; lint gates and merge-base ratchets replayed locally.

https://claude.ai/code/session_01FUvFrRNZyc5qknBiJbYbby

Summary by CodeRabbit

  • Performance Improvements

    • Improved lookup performance for numeric keys in maps and small sets.
    • Optimized pop() on empty arrays.
    • Improved array layout handling when reducing pointer-only arrays to zero length.
    • Benchmark results show up to a 3.3% improvement in representative workloads.
  • Bug Fixes

    • Empty-array pop() now correctly returns undefined while preserving array length.
    • Improved handling of array holes after resizing.

Ralph Küpper added 5 commits August 28, 2026 11:15
… find_key_index

find_key_index carried the string-hash, pointer-index, hashed-numeric and
generic-compare paths in one body, and the register pressure of those cold
paths charged every lookup the full prologue/epilogue — eight callee-saved
GPRs and four FP registers on arm64, a third of the function's self time in
the ECS profile. The two shapes the numeric side-table exists for — a plain
number key against a small map's entries by bit identity, or against the
dense integer range table — now run in an always-inlined lane inside
js_map_get / js_map_has / js_map_set's callers, and everything else goes to
the outlined cold body. A dense-range miss stays definitive for its span; a
key outside the span, a tagged, zero or NaN key, and every string or pointer
key take the cold path unchanged.

Claude-Session: https://claude.ai/code/session_01FUvFrRNZyc5qknBiJbYbby
find_value_index answered every Set.has / Set.add through the thread-local
SET_INDEX: a hash of the set address to reach its table, then a hash of the
value — two side-table probes for a set that in the hot shapes (an
archetype's component-type set, a per-entity key set) holds three or four
numbers. A plain (untagged, non-NaN, non-zero) number against a set of at
most eight elements is now decided by reading the elements: `elements[0..size)`
is exactly the membership (delete compacts, add normalises -0), and no
tagged value equals a number, so a bit match is a hit and a full scan is a
definitive miss. Larger sets, tagged / zero / NaN values and every string
keep the side-table lookup, outlined.

Claude-Session: https://claude.ai/code/session_01FUvFrRNZyc5qknBiJbYbby
…st path; length = 0 re-arms an all-pointer head in one registry pass

js_array_pop_f64's header fast path required a non-empty array, so the
drained pool's `pool.pop() ?? []` fell through the whole generic tower —
subclass and plain-object probes, a tracked classification, the flag
resolution — to reach the same `length == 0` return. With the descriptor
flag excluded above, Set(O, "length", 0) is a no-op and there is no index to
Get or Delete: the answer is `undefined` from the header read.

rebuild_array_layout on `length = 0` of an all-pointer head ran the
zero-slot rebuild (typed-intact clear, POINTER_FREE, both registry removes)
and then layout_init_all_pointer_slots, which clears the same bit, forgets
the same two record kinds and sets the state the history predicts — two
passes over the layout registries for every `pooled.length = 0`. The re-arm
now runs alone; the end state is identical.

Claude-Session: https://claude.ai/code/session_01FUvFrRNZyc5qknBiJbYbby
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📒 Files selected for processing (9)
  • changelog.d/8934-map-set-lanes-empty-pop.md
  • crates/perry-runtime/src/array/header_gc_slots.rs
  • crates/perry-runtime/src/array/mod.rs
  • crates/perry-runtime/src/array/push_pop.rs
  • crates/perry-runtime/src/array/push_pop_tests.rs
  • crates/perry-runtime/src/array/tests.rs
  • crates/perry-runtime/src/gc/tests/layout_trace/array_layout.rs
  • crates/perry-runtime/src/map.rs
  • crates/perry-runtime/src/set.rs
📝 Walkthrough

Walkthrough

Runtime lookup paths now specialize numeric Map and small Set operations. Array pop() handles empty arrays directly. All-pointer arrays re-arm their layout when truncated to zero. Tests cover lookup semantics, array behavior, and layout state.

Changes

Runtime optimizations

Layer / File(s) Summary
Map numeric lookup lane
crates/perry-runtime/src/map.rs
find_key_index now uses an inlined numeric path with small-map bit scans and dense-range lookups. Other key types use the outlined fallback path. Tests cover numeric and nonnumeric cases.
Set small-number lookup lane
crates/perry-runtime/src/set.rs
Sets with up to eight plain nonzero numeric values scan members directly. Special values, nonnumeric values, and larger sets use the side table. Tests cover fallback and SameValueZero behavior.
Array pop and layout fast paths
crates/perry-runtime/src/array/header_gc_slots.rs, crates/perry-runtime/src/array/push_pop.rs, crates/perry-runtime/src/array/push_pop_tests.rs, crates/perry-runtime/src/array/tests.rs, crates/perry-runtime/src/array/mod.rs, crates/perry-runtime/src/gc/tests/layout_trace/array_layout.rs, changelog.d/8934-map-set-lanes-empty-pop.md
Empty plain-array pop() returns undefined without dense-slot processing. Empty all-pointer arrays re-arm their layout directly. Tests cover pop/push behavior and layout records. The changelog records benchmark results.

Estimated code review effort: 3 (Moderate) | ~25 minutes

Merge Risk: 🟡 Moderate · up to 3f04b

The PR adds specialized Map/Set lookup paths and faster empty-array handling, but the array-pop fast path now performs weaker receiver validation before dereferencing memory, creating a potential memory-safety issue for malformed or foreign receivers; the new test module is also compiled into production builds. Merge should wait for the receiver-validation hardening and test-module gating, or receive explicit owner acceptance.

Suggested reviewers: thehypnoo, jdalton

🚥 Pre-merge checks | ✅ 5
✅ Passed checks (5 passed)
Check name Status Explanation
Title check ✅ Passed The title clearly summarizes the three runtime optimizations and reports their performance impact. It is somewhat long, but it remains specific and relevant.
Description check ✅ Passed The description provides a detailed summary, concrete changes, benchmark results, implementation rationale, and test evidence. It does not use the template headings or include an explicit related-issu…
Docstring Coverage ✅ Passed Docstring coverage is 94.44% which is sufficient. The required threshold is 80.00%. Docstring coverage is scoped to functions touched by this diff. Analyzed 18 functions across 7 files. (1 skipped: 1 …
Linked Issues check ✅ Passed Check skipped because no linked issues were found for this pull request.
Out of Scope Changes check ✅ Passed Check skipped because no linked issues were found for this pull request.
Full details: Description check

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The description provides a detailed summary, concrete changes, benchmark results, implementation rationale, and test evidence. It does not use the template headings or include an explicit related-issue, checklist, or command list, but the core required information is present.

Full details: Docstring Coverage

Explanation

Docstring coverage is 94.44% which is sufficient. The required threshold is 80.00%. Docstring coverage is scoped to functions touched by this diff. Analyzed 18 functions across 7 files. (1 skipped: 1 unsupported.)

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Actionable comments posted: 1

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Inline comments:
In `@crates/perry-runtime/src/array/mod.rs`:
- Around line 38-39: Gate push_pop_tests with its own #[cfg(test)] attribute by
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📒 Files selected for processing (9)
  • changelog.d/8934-map-set-lanes-empty-pop.md
  • crates/perry-runtime/src/array/header_gc_slots.rs
  • crates/perry-runtime/src/array/mod.rs
  • crates/perry-runtime/src/array/push_pop.rs
  • crates/perry-runtime/src/array/push_pop_tests.rs
  • crates/perry-runtime/src/array/tests.rs
  • crates/perry-runtime/src/gc/tests/layout_trace/array_layout.rs
  • crates/perry-runtime/src/map.rs
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Comment thread crates/perry-runtime/src/array/mod.rs
@proggeramlug
proggeramlug merged commit e73e23b into PerryTS:main Aug 28, 2026
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@proggeramlug

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Composition check on current main (49279e99e, which already carries #8917/#8921/#8923): a merge of #8933 + #8934 + #8935 onto it, paired alternating 9-pair screen on the idle Mac mini, codehz/ecs "5k entities: 3 commands each + sync": 3.955 → 3.453 ms/op, +12.7%, 9/9 (r4all-screen.json; process oracles 18/18 on both binaries). Each PR was also gated on an isolated perrymaster clone (full runtime/codegen/native-proof/transform suites + lint/ratchet replay): green; the only reds seen were shared-host parallel flakes that pass alone/serial and reproduce on plain main.

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