Barcelona | Oct2025-1 | Xinxi Chen | Sprint5

Sprint5/Limits of type checking.py

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+def double(number):
+    return number * 3
+print(double(10))
+
+#this code runs perfectly.

Sprint5/class&objects.py

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+class Person:
+    def __init__(self, name: str, age: int, preferred_operating_system: str):
+        self.name = name
+        self.age = age
+        self.preferred_operating_system = preferred_operating_system
+
+imran = Person("Imran", 22, "Ubuntu")
+print(imran.name)
+print(imran.address)
+
+eliza = Person("Eliza", 34, "Arch Linux")
+print(eliza.name)
+print(eliza.address)

Sprint5/dataclass.py

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+from dataclasses import dataclass
+from datetime import date
+
+@dataclass(frozen=True)
+class Person:
+    name: str
+    birth_date: date
+    preferred_operating_system: str
+
+    def is_adult(self) -> bool:
+        today = date.today()
+        age = today.year - self.birth_date.year
+
+        birthday_has_passed = (today.month, today.day) >= (self.birth_date.month, self.birth_date.day)
+
+        if not birthday_has_passed:
+            age -= 1
+
+        return age >= 18
+
+imran1 = Person("Imran", date(2000, 5, 20), "Ubuntu")
+imran2 = Person("Imran", date(2000, 5, 20), "Ubuntu")
+
+print(imran1)  
+print(f"Are they equal? {imran1 == imran2}") 
+print(f"Is Imran an adult? {imran1.is_adult()}")

Sprint5/enums.py

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+import sys
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+from enum import Enum
+from typing import List
+
+class OperatingSystem(Enum):
+    MACOS = "macOS"
+    ARCH = "Arch Linux"
+    UBUNTU = "Ubuntu"
+
+@dataclass(frozen=True)
+class Laptop:
+    id: int
+    operating_system: OperatingSystem
+
+@dataclass(frozen=True)
+class Person:
+    name: str
+    age: int
+    preferred_operating_system: OperatingSystem
+
+laptops = [
+    Laptop(id=1, operating_system=OperatingSystem.ARCH),
+    Laptop(id=2, operating_system=OperatingSystem.UBUNTU),
+    Laptop(id=3, operating_system=OperatingSystem.UBUNTU),
+    Laptop(id=4, operating_system=OperatingSystem.MACOS),
+    Laptop(id=5, operating_system=OperatingSystem.UBUNTU),
+]
+
+def get_user_person() -> Person:
+    name = input("Enter your name: ")
+
+    try:
+        age = int(input("Enter your age: "))
+    except ValueError:
+        print("Error: Age must be a number.", file=sys.stderr)
+        sys.exit(1)
+
+    os_input = input("Enter preferred OS (macOS, Arch Linux, Ubuntu): ")
+    try:
+        pref_os = OperatingSystem(os_input)
+    except ValueError:
+        print(f"Error: '{os_input}' is not a valid operating system.", file=sys.stderr)
+        sys.exit(1)
+    return Person(name=name, age=age, preferred_operating_system=pref_os)
+
+def main():
+    user = get_user_person()
+    counts = {os: 0 for os in OperatingSystem}
+    for laptop in laptops:
+        counts[laptop.operating_system] += 1
+
+    user_pref = user.preferred_operating_system
+    pref_count = counts[user_pref]
+    print(f"There are {pref_count} laptops available with {user_pref.value}.")
+
+    best_os = max(counts, key=counts.get)
+    max_count = counts[best_os]
+
+    if max_count > pref_count:
+        print(f"Note: If you are willing to use {best_os.value}, we have {max_count} available. "
+              "You're more likely to get one!")
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    main()

Sprint5/generics.py

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+from dataclasses import dataclass
+from typing import List
+
+@dataclass(frozen=True)
+class Person:
+    name: str
+    age: int  # Added the missing field
+    children: List["Person"]
+
+# Inventing ages for the family members
+fatma = Person(name="Fatma", age=8, children=[])
+aisha = Person(name="Aisha", age=10, children=[])
+
+# Imran needs an age as well, and now includes his children
+imran = Person(name="Imran", age=40, children=[fatma, aisha])
+
+def print_family_tree(person: Person) -> None:
+    print(person.name)
+    for child in person.children:
+        # This line now works because 'age' exists in the Person class
+        print(f"- {child.name} ({child.age})")
+
+print_family_tree(imran)

Sprint5/inheritance.py

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+class Parent:
+    def __init__(self, first_name: str, last_name: str):
+        self.first_name = first_name
+        self.last_name = last_name
+
+    def get_name(self) -> str:
+        return f"{self.first_name} {self.last_name}"
+
+
+class Child(Parent):
+    def __init__(self, first_name: str, last_name: str):
+        super().__init__(first_name, last_name)
+        self.previous_last_names = []
+
+    def change_last_name(self, last_name) -> None:
+        self.previous_last_names.append(self.last_name)
+        self.last_name = last_name
+
+    def get_full_name(self) -> str:
+        suffix = ""
+        if len(self.previous_last_names) > 0:
+            suffix = f" (née {self.previous_last_names[0]})"
+        return f"{self.first_name} {self.last_name}{suffix}"
+
+person1 = Child("Elizaveta", "Alekseeva")
+print(person1.get_name())
+print(person1.get_full_name())
+person1.change_last_name("Tyurina")
+print(person1.get_name())
+print(person1.get_full_name())
+
+person2 = Parent("Elizaveta", "Alekseeva")
+print(person2.get_name())
+print(person2.get_full_name())
+person2.change_last_name("Tyurina")
+print(person2.get_name())
+print(person2.get_full_name())
+
+# The Child can access everything the Parent has because it inherits from it.
+# The parent has no attribute of the Child.

Sprint5/methods.py

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+# The advantage of using methods instead of free functions.
+# 1. Encapsulation & Organization: methods group behavior directly with the data it operates on the object.
+# 2. State management: methods have direct access to 'self'.
+# 3. Readibility.
+
+from datetime import date
+
+class Person:
+    def __init__(self, name: str, birth_date: date, preferred_operating_system: str):
+        self.name = name
+        self.birth_date = birth_date
+        self.preferred_operating_system = preferred_operating_system
+
+    def is_adult(self) -> bool:
+        today = date.today()
+        age = today.year - self.birth_date.year
+        birthday_has_passed: bool = (today.month, today.day) >= (self.birth_date.month, self.birth_date.day)
+
+        if not birthday_has_passed:
+            age -= 1
+        return age >= 18
+
+imran = Person("Imran", date(2000, 5, 20), "Ubuntu")
+print(f"Is Imran an adult? {imran.is_adult()}")

Sprint5/mypy.py

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+from typing import Dict
+
+# Added Type Annotations
+def open_account(balances: Dict[str, int], name: str, amount: int) -> None:
+    balances[name] = amount
+
+def sum_balances(accounts: Dict[str, int]) -> int:
+    total = 0
+    for name, pence in accounts.items():
+        print(f"{name} had balance {pence}")
+        # If 'pence' isn't an int, this will fail or cause issues later
+        total += pence
+    return total
+
+def format_pence_as_string(total_pence: int) -> str:
+    if total_pence < 100:
+        return f"{total_pence}p"
+    # Use // for floor division to ensure 'pounds' is an int
+    pounds = total_pence // 100
+    pence = total_pence % 100
+    return f"£{pounds}.{pence:02d}"
+
+balances: Dict[str, int] = {
+    "Sima": 700,
+    "Linn": 545,
+    "Georg": 831,
+}
+
+# BUGS FIXED HERE: 
+# Changed 9.13 (float) to 913 (int)
+# Changed "£7.13" (str) to 713 (int)
+open_account(balances, "Tobi", 913)
+open_account(balances, "Olya", 713)
+
+total_pence = sum_balances(balances)
+
+# BUG FIXED HERE: Corrected the function name call
+total_string = format_pence_as_string(total_pence)
+
+print(f"The bank accounts total {total_string}")

Sprint5/type-guided refactorings.py

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+from dataclasses import dataclass
+from typing import List
+
+@dataclass(frozen=True)
+class Person:
+    name: str
+    age: int
+    preferred_operating_systems: List[str]
+
+
+@dataclass(frozen=True)
+class Laptop:
+    id: int
+    manufacturer: str
+    model: str
+    screen_size_in_inches: float
+    operating_system: str
+
+
+def find_possible_laptops(laptops: List[Laptop], person: Person) -> List[Laptop]:
+    possible_laptops = []
+    for laptop in laptops:
+        if laptop.operating_system in person.preferred_operating_systems:
+            possible_laptops.append(laptop)
+    return possible_laptops
+
+
+people = [
+    Person(name="Imran", age=22, preferred_operating_systems=["Ubuntu", "Arch Linux"]),
+    Person(name="Eliza", age=34, preferred_operating_systems=["Arch Linux"]),
+]
+
+laptops = [
+    Laptop(id=1, manufacturer="Dell", model="XPS", screen_size_in_inches=13, operating_system="Arch Linux"),
+    Laptop(id=2, manufacturer="Dell", model="XPS", screen_size_in_inches=15, operating_system="Ubuntu"),
+    Laptop(id=3, manufacturer="Dell", model="XPS", screen_size_in_inches=15, operating_system="ubuntu"),
+    Laptop(id=4, manufacturer="Apple", model="macBook", screen_size_in_inches=13, operating_system="macOS"),
+]
+
+for person in people:
+    possible_laptops = find_possible_laptops(laptops, person)
+    print(f"Possible laptops for {person.name}: {possible_laptops}")