diff --git a/GETTING_STARTED.md b/GETTING_STARTED.md
index 0a79a58..a38a9a1 100644
--- a/GETTING_STARTED.md
+++ b/GETTING_STARTED.md
@@ -91,6 +91,11 @@ const spanish = await resource.getTranslation('es');
 Translations preserve each message's `format`, so an MF1 or `NONE` message stays
 MF1 or `NONE` after translation unless the translation overrides it.
 
+Call `getTranslation` with the project's `pseudoLocale` (for example `'en-XA'`) to
+get a pseudo-localized resource for UI testing. Literal text is transformed while
+MF1/MF2 placeholders and syntax are preserved according to each message's
+`format`.
+
 ## Next steps
 
 - Read [`README.md`](./README.md) for the complete API, serialization rules,
diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index 9ee835d..dc77cf6 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -215,16 +215,24 @@ So for `getTranslation('zh-HK')` with chain `['zh', 'zh-Hant', 'zh-HK']`, you ge
 
 ### Pseudo Localization
 
-When `getTranslation` is called with the project's `pseudoLocale` (e.g. `en-XA`), it returns a new resource with pseudolocalized message values—useful for testing UI layout and finding hardcoded strings without loading translation files:
+When `getTranslation` is called with the project's `pseudoLocale` (e.g. `en-XA`), it returns a new resource with pseudolocalized message values—useful for testing UI layout and finding hardcoded strings without loading translation files. Each message is handled according to its resolved `format`:
+
+- **MF2** — only literal text parts are transformed; expressions like `{$name}` stay intact.
+- **MF1** — only human-readable content is transformed; ICU placeholders, plural/select structure, `#`, and formatter styles (e.g. `::currency/EUR`) stay intact.
+- **NONE** — the whole string is transformed.
 
 ```javascript
 // Request pseudolocalized messages (project locales.pseudoLocale is 'en-XA')
 const pseudoResource = await resource.getTranslation('en-XA');
 
-// Message values are transformed: "Hi, {name}" → "Ħī, {name}"
-// Variables and message-format syntax are preserved; only literal text is pseudolocalized
+// MF1 example: literals are accented; syntax is preserved
+// "{count, plural, one {# file} other {# files}}"
+// → "{count, plural, one {# ƒīŀḗ} other {# ƒīŀḗş}}"
+const files = pseudoResource.get('files')?.format({ count: 2 });
+
+// MF2 example: "Hello, {$name}!" → "Ħḗŀŀǿ, {$name}!"
 const greeting = pseudoResource.get('sampleKey2')?.format({ name: 'Alice' });
-// Result: "Ħī, Alice"
+// Result includes accented "Hello" with Alice substituted for {$name}
 ```
 
 ### Working with Attributes and Notes
@@ -293,7 +301,7 @@ const data = resource.getData();
 - `add(key: string, value: string, attributes?: MsgAttributes, notes?: MsgNote[]): MsgResource` - Add a message
 - `addNote(type: NoteTypes, content: string): MsgResource` - Add a note (returns `this` for chaining)
 - `translate(data: MsgResourceData): MsgResource` - Create a translated version
-- `getTranslation(lang: string): Promise<MsgResource>` - Load and apply translations. When `lang` matches the project's `pseudoLocale`, returns a resource with pseudolocalized message values instead of loading from the loader.
+- `getTranslation(lang?: string): Promise<MsgResource>` - Load and apply translations. When `lang` matches the project's `pseudoLocale`, returns a resource with message values pseudo-localized according to each message's resolved `format` (`MF1` / `MF2` / `NONE`) instead of loading from the loader. When `lang` is omitted, returns a clone of the current resource.
 - `getProject(): MsgProject` - Returns the project instance associated with the resource
 - `getData(stripNotes?: boolean): MsgResourceData` - Get resource data. Message objects in the output omit `attributes` when they match the resource's attributes (to avoid redundancy). The resource's `format` is omitted when it equals the project's, and a message's `format` is omitted when it equals the resource's
 - `toJSON(stripNotes?: boolean): string` - Serialize to JSON
@@ -326,6 +334,14 @@ const data = resource.getData();
 - `MsgFormat` - `'MF1' | 'MF2' | 'NONE'`; the formatting syntax for a message.
 - `MsgAttributes` - `{ lang?: string; dir?: string; dnt?: boolean; format?: MsgFormat }`.
 
+### Pseudo-localization helpers
+
+Exported from `@worldware/msg` for advanced use (also used internally by `MsgResource.getTranslation`):
+
+- `pseudoLocalize(source, format, options?)` - Dispatch by `MsgFormat`
+- `pseudoLocalizeMF1(source, options?)` / `pseudoLocalizeMF2(source, options?)` / `pseudoLocalizeNone(source, options?)` - Format-specific helpers
+- `PseudoLocalizeOptions` - `{ strategy?: 'accented' | 'bidi' }`
+
 ## Development
 
 ```bash
diff --git a/package-lock.json b/package-lock.json
index e1b608d..80c04b9 100644
--- a/package-lock.json
+++ b/package-lock.json
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@
       "license": "MIT",
       "dependencies": {
         "@messageformat/icu-messageformat-1": "^0.12.0",
+        "@messageformat/parser": "^5.1.1",
         "messageformat": "^4.0.0",
         "pseudo-localization": "^2.4.0"
       },
@@ -4809,6 +4810,7 @@
     },
     "node_modules/npm/node_modules/@gar/promise-retry": {
       "version": "1.0.3",
+      "dev": true,
       "inBundle": true,
       "license": "MIT",
       "engines": {
@@ -4817,6 +4819,7 @@
     },
     "node_modules/npm/node_modules/@isaacs/fs-minipass": {
       "version": "4.0.1",
+      "dev": true,
       "inBundle": true,
       "license": "ISC",
       "dependencies": {
@@ -4828,11 +4831,13 @@
     },
     "node_modules/npm/node_modules/@isaacs/string-locale-compare": {
       "version": "1.1.0",
+      "dev": true,
       "inBundle": true,
       "license": "ISC"
     },
     "node_modules/npm/node_modules/@npmcli/agent": {
       "version": "4.0.2",
+      "dev": true,
       "inBundle": true,
       "license": "ISC",
       "dependencies": {
@@ -4848,6 +4853,7 @@
     },
     "node_modules/npm/node_modules/@npmcli/arborist": {
       "version": "9.9.0",
+      "dev": true,
       "inBundle": true,
       "license": "ISC",
       "dependencies": {
@@ -4895,6 +4901,7 @@
     },
     "node_modules/npm/node_modules/@npmcli/config": {
       "version": "10.12.0",
+      "dev": true,
       "inBundle": true,
       "license": "ISC",
       "dependencies": {
@@ -4913,6 +4920,7 @@
     },
     "node_modules/npm/node_modules/@npmcli/fs": {
       "version": "5.0.0",
+      "dev": true,
       "inBundle": true,
       "license": "ISC",
       "dependencies": {
@@ -4924,6 +4932,7 @@
     },
     "node_modules/npm/node_modules/@npmcli/git": {
       "version": "7.0.2",
+      "dev": true,
       "inBundle": true,
       "license": "ISC",
       "dependencies": {
@@ -4942,6 +4951,7 @@
     },
     "node_modules/npm/node_modules/@npmcli/installed-package-contents": {
       "version": "4.0.0",
+      "dev": true,
       "inBundle": true,
       "license": "ISC",
       "dependencies": {
@@ -4957,6 +4967,7 @@
     },
     "node_modules/npm/node_modules/@npmcli/map-workspaces": {
       "version": "5.0.3",
+      "dev": true,
       "inBundle": true,
       "license": "ISC",
       "dependencies": {
@@ -4971,6 +4982,7 @@
     },
     "node_modules/npm/node_modules/@npmcli/metavuln-calculator": {
       "version": "9.0.3",
+      "dev": true,
       "inBundle": true,
       "license": "ISC",
       "dependencies": {
@@ -4986,6 +4998,7 @@
     },
     "node_modules/npm/node_modules/@npmcli/name-from-folder": {
       "version": "4.0.0",
+      "dev": true,
       "inBundle": true,
       "license": "ISC",
       "engines": {
@@ -4994,6 +5007,7 @@
     },
     "node_modules/npm/node_modules/@npmcli/node-gyp": {
       "version": "5.0.0",
+      "dev": true,
       "inBundle": true,
       "license": "ISC",
       "engines": {
@@ -5002,6 +5016,7 @@
     },
     "node_modules/npm/node_modules/@npmcli/package-json": {
       "version": "7.0.5",
+      "dev": true,
       "inBundle": true,
       "license": "ISC",
       "dependencies": {
@@ -5019,6 +5034,7 @@
     },
     "node_modules/npm/node_modules/@npmcli/promise-spawn": {
       "version": "9.0.1",
+      "dev": true,
       "inBundle": true,
       "license": "ISC",
       "dependencies": {
@@ -5030,6 +5046,7 @@
     },
     "node_modules/npm/node_modules/@npmcli/query": {
       "version": "5.0.0",
+      "dev": true,
       "inBundle": true,
       "license": "ISC",
       "dependencies": {
@@ -5041,6 +5058,7 @@
     },
     "node_modules/npm/node_modules/@npmcli/redact": {
       "version": "4.0.0",
+      "dev": true,
       "inBundle": true,
       "license": "ISC",
       "engines": {
@@ -5049,6 +5067,7 @@
     },
     "node_modules/npm/node_modules/@npmcli/run-script": {
       "version": "10.0.4",
+      "dev": true,
       "inBundle": true,
       "license": "ISC",
       "dependencies": {
@@ -5064,6 +5083,7 @@
     },
     "node_modules/npm/node_modules/@sigstore/bundle": {
       "version": "4.0.0",
+      "dev": true,
       "inBundle": true,
       "license": "Apache-2.0",
       "dependencies": {
@@ -5075,6 +5095,7 @@
     },
     "node_modules/npm/node_modules/@sigstore/core": {
       "version": "3.2.1",
+      "dev": true,
       "inBundle": true,
       "license": "Apache-2.0",
       "engines": {
@@ -5083,6 +5104,7 @@
     },
     "node_modules/npm/node_modules/@sigstore/protobuf-specs": {
       "version": "0.5.1",
+      "dev": true,
       "inBundle": true,
       "license": "Apache-2.0",
       "engines": {
@@ -5091,6 +5113,7 @@
     },
     "node_modules/npm/node_modules/@sigstore/sign": {
       "version": "4.1.1",
+      "dev": true,
       "inBundle": true,
       "license": "Apache-2.0",
       "dependencies": {
@@ -5107,6 +5130,7 @@
     },
     "node_modules/npm/node_modules/@sigstore/tuf": {
       "version": "4.0.2",
+      "dev": true,
       "inBundle": true,
       "license": "Apache-2.0",
       "dependencies": {
@@ -5119,6 +5143,7 @@
     },
     "node_modules/npm/node_modules/@sigstore/verify": {
       "version": "3.1.1",
+      "dev": true,
       "inBundle": true,
       "license": "Apache-2.0",
       "dependencies": {
@@ -5132,6 +5157,7 @@
     },
     "node_modules/npm/node_modules/@tufjs/canonical-json": {
       "version": "2.0.0",
+      "dev": true,
       "inBundle": true,
       "license": "MIT",
       "engines": {
@@ -5140,6 +5166,7 @@
     },
     "node_modules/npm/node_modules/@tufjs/models": {
       "version": "4.1.0",
+      "dev": true,
       "inBundle": true,
       "license": "MIT",
       "dependencies": {
@@ -5152,6 +5179,7 @@
     },
     "node_modules/npm/node_modules/abbrev": {
       "version": "4.0.0",
+      "dev": true,
       "inBundle": true,
       "license": "ISC",
       "engines": {
@@ -5160,6 +5188,7 @@
     },
     "node_modules/npm/node_modules/agent-base": {
       "version": "7.1.4",
+      "dev": true,
       "inBundle": true,
       "license": "MIT",
       "engines": {
@@ -5168,16 +5197,19 @@
     },
     "node_modules/npm/node_modules/aproba": {
       "version": "2.1.0",
+      "dev": true,
       "inBundle": true,
       "license": "ISC"
     },
     "node_modules/npm/node_modules/archy": {
       "version": "1.0.0",
+      "dev": true,
       "inBundle": true,
       "license": "MIT"
     },
     "node_modules/npm/node_modules/balanced-match": {
       "version": "4.0.4",
+      "dev": true,
       "inBundle": true,
       "license": "MIT",
       "engines": {
@@ -5186,6 +5218,7 @@
     },
     "node_modules/npm/node_modules/bin-links": {
       "version": "6.0.2",
+      "dev": true,
       "inBundle": true,
       "license": "ISC",
       "dependencies": {
@@ -5201,6 +5234,7 @@
     },
     "node_modules/npm/node_modules/binary-extensions": {
       "version": "3.1.0",
+      "dev": true,
       "inBundle": true,
       "license": "MIT",
       "engines": {
@@ -5212,6 +5246,7 @@
     },
     "node_modules/npm/node_modules/brace-expansion": {
       "version": "5.0.7",
+      "dev": true,
       "inBundle": true,
       "license": "MIT",
       "dependencies": {
@@ -5223,6 +5258,7 @@
     },
     "node_modules/npm/node_modules/cacache": {
       "version": "20.0.4",
+      "dev": true,
       "inBundle": true,
       "license": "ISC",
       "dependencies": {
@@ -5243,6 +5279,7 @@
     },
     "node_modules/npm/node_modules/chalk": {
       "version": "5.6.2",
+      "dev": true,
       "inBundle": true,
       "license": "MIT",
       "engines": {
@@ -5254,6 +5291,7 @@
     },
     "node_modules/npm/node_modules/chownr": {
       "version": "3.0.0",
+      "dev": true,
       "inBundle": true,
       "license": "BlueOak-1.0.0",
       "engines": {
@@ -5262,6 +5300,7 @@
     },
     "node_modules/npm/node_modules/ci-info": {
       "version": "4.4.0",
+      "dev": true,
       "funding": [
         {
           "type": "github",
@@ -5276,6 +5315,7 @@
     },
     "node_modules/npm/node_modules/cidr-regex": {
       "version": "5.0.5",
+      "dev": true,
       "inBundle": true,
       "license": "BSD-2-Clause",
       "engines": {
@@ -5284,6 +5324,7 @@
     },
     "node_modules/npm/node_modules/cmd-shim": {
       "version": "8.0.0",
+      "dev": true,
       "inBundle": true,
       "license": "ISC",
       "engines": {
@@ -5292,6 +5333,7 @@
     },
     "node_modules/npm/node_modules/common-ancestor-path": {
       "version": "2.0.0",
+      "dev": true,
       "inBundle": true,
       "license": "BlueOak-1.0.0",
       "engines": {
@@ -5300,6 +5342,7 @@
     },
     "node_modules/npm/node_modules/cssesc": {
       "version": "3.0.0",
+      "dev": true,
       "inBundle": true,
       "license": "MIT",
       "bin": {
@@ -5311,6 +5354,7 @@
     },
     "node_modules/npm/node_modules/debug": {
       "version": "4.4.3",
+      "dev": true,
       "inBundle": true,
       "license": "MIT",
       "dependencies": {
@@ -5327,6 +5371,7 @@
     },
     "node_modules/npm/node_modules/diff": {
       "version": "8.0.4",
+      "dev": true,
       "inBundle": true,
       "license": "BSD-3-Clause",
       "engines": {
@@ -5335,6 +5380,7 @@
     },
     "node_modules/npm/node_modules/env-paths": {
       "version": "2.2.1",
+      "dev": true,
       "inBundle": true,
       "license": "MIT",
       "engines": {
@@ -5343,11 +5389,13 @@
     },
     "node_modules/npm/node_modules/exponential-backoff": {
       "version": "3.1.3",
+      "dev": true,
       "inBundle": true,
       "license": "Apache-2.0"
     },
     "node_modules/npm/node_modules/fastest-levenshtein": {
       "version": "1.0.16",
+      "dev": true,
       "inBundle": true,
       "license": "MIT",
       "engines": {
@@ -5356,6 +5404,7 @@
     },
     "node_modules/npm/node_modules/fs-minipass": {
       "version": "3.0.3",
+      "dev": true,
       "inBundle": true,
       "license": "ISC",
       "dependencies": {
@@ -5367,6 +5416,7 @@
     },
     "node_modules/npm/node_modules/glob": {
       "version": "13.0.6",
+      "dev": true,
       "inBundle": true,
       "license": "BlueOak-1.0.0",
       "dependencies": {
@@ -5383,11 +5433,13 @@
     },
     "node_modules/npm/node_modules/graceful-fs": {
       "version": "4.2.11",
+      "dev": true,
       "inBundle": true,
       "license": "ISC"
     },
     "node_modules/npm/node_modules/hosted-git-info": {
       "version": "9.0.3",
+      "dev": true,
       "inBundle": true,
       "license": "ISC",
       "dependencies": {
@@ -5399,11 +5451,13 @@
     },
     "node_modules/npm/node_modules/http-cache-semantics": {
       "version": "4.2.0",
+      "dev": true,
       "inBundle": true,
       "license": "BSD-2-Clause"
     },
     "node_modules/npm/node_modules/http-proxy-agent": {
       "version": "7.0.2",
+      "dev": true,
       "inBundle": true,
       "license": "MIT",
       "dependencies": {
@@ -5416,6 +5470,7 @@
     },
     "node_modules/npm/node_modules/https-proxy-agent": {
       "version": "7.0.6",
+      "dev": true,
       "inBundle": true,
       "license": "MIT",
       "dependencies": {
@@ -5428,6 +5483,7 @@
     },
     "node_modules/npm/node_modules/iconv-lite": {
       "version": "0.7.2",
+      "dev": true,
       "inBundle": true,
       "license": "MIT",
       "optional": true,
@@ -5444,6 +5500,7 @@
     },
     "node_modules/npm/node_modules/ignore-walk": {
       "version": "8.0.0",
+      "dev": true,
       "inBundle": true,
       "license": "ISC",
       "dependencies": {
@@ -5455,6 +5512,7 @@
     },
     "node_modules/npm/node_modules/ini": {
       "version": "6.0.0",
+      "dev": true,
       "inBundle": true,
       "license": "ISC",
       "engines": {
@@ -5463,6 +5521,7 @@
     },
     "node_modules/npm/node_modules/init-package-json": {
       "version": "8.2.5",
+      "dev": true,
       "inBundle": true,
       "license": "ISC",
       "dependencies": {
@@ -5479,6 +5538,7 @@
     },
     "node_modules/npm/node_modules/ip-address": {
       "version": "10.2.0",
+      "dev": true,
       "inBundle": true,
       "license": "MIT",
       "engines": {
@@ -5487,6 +5547,7 @@
     },
     "node_modules/npm/node_modules/is-cidr": {
       "version": "6.0.4",
+      "dev": true,
       "inBundle": true,
       "license": "BSD-2-Clause",
       "dependencies": {
@@ -5498,6 +5559,7 @@
     },
     "node_modules/npm/node_modules/isexe": {
       "version": "4.0.0",
+      "dev": true,
       "inBundle": true,
       "license": "BlueOak-1.0.0",
       "engines": {
@@ -5506,6 +5568,7 @@
     },
     "node_modules/npm/node_modules/json-parse-even-better-errors": {
       "version": "5.0.0",
+      "dev": true,
       "inBundle": true,
       "license": "MIT",
       "engines": {
@@ -5514,6 +5577,7 @@
     },
     "node_modules/npm/node_modules/json-stringify-nice": {
       "version": "1.1.4",
+      "dev": true,
       "inBundle": true,
       "license": "ISC",
       "funding": {
@@ -5522,6 +5586,7 @@
     },
     "node_modules/npm/node_modules/jsonparse": {
       "version": "1.3.1",
+      "dev": true,
       "engines": [
         "node >= 0.2.0"
       ],
@@ -5530,16 +5595,19 @@
     },
     "node_modules/npm/node_modules/just-diff": {
       "version": "6.0.2",
+      "dev": true,
       "inBundle": true,
       "license": "MIT"
     },
     "node_modules/npm/node_modules/just-diff-apply": {
       "version": "5.5.0",
+      "dev": true,
       "inBundle": true,
       "license": "MIT"
     },
     "node_modules/npm/node_modules/libnpmaccess": {
       "version": "10.0.3",
+      "dev": true,
       "inBundle": true,
       "license": "ISC",
       "dependencies": {
@@ -5552,6 +5620,7 @@
     },
     "node_modules/npm/node_modules/libnpmdiff": {
       "version": "8.1.11",
+      "dev": true,
       "inBundle": true,
       "license": "ISC",
       "dependencies": {
@@ -5570,6 +5639,7 @@
     },
     "node_modules/npm/node_modules/libnpmexec": {
       "version": "10.3.1",
+      "dev": true,
       "inBundle": true,
       "license": "ISC",
       "dependencies": {
@@ -5592,6 +5662,7 @@
     },
     "node_modules/npm/node_modules/libnpmfund": {
       "version": "7.0.25",
+      "dev": true,
       "inBundle": true,
       "license": "ISC",
       "dependencies": {
@@ -5603,6 +5674,7 @@
     },
     "node_modules/npm/node_modules/libnpmorg": {
       "version": "8.0.1",
+      "dev": true,
       "inBundle": true,
       "license": "ISC",
       "dependencies": {
@@ -5615,6 +5687,7 @@
     },
     "node_modules/npm/node_modules/libnpmpack": {
       "version": "9.1.11",
+      "dev": true,
       "inBundle": true,
       "license": "ISC",
       "dependencies": {
@@ -5629,6 +5702,7 @@
     },
     "node_modules/npm/node_modules/libnpmpublish": {
       "version": "11.2.0",
+      "dev": true,
       "inBundle": true,
       "license": "ISC",
       "dependencies": {
@@ -5647,6 +5721,7 @@
     },
     "node_modules/npm/node_modules/libnpmsearch": {
       "version": "9.0.1",
+      "dev": true,
       "inBundle": true,
       "license": "ISC",
       "dependencies": {
@@ -5658,6 +5733,7 @@
     },
     "node_modules/npm/node_modules/libnpmteam": {
       "version": "8.0.2",
+      "dev": true,
       "inBundle": true,
       "license": "ISC",
       "dependencies": {
@@ -5670,6 +5746,7 @@
     },
     "node_modules/npm/node_modules/libnpmversion": {
       "version": "8.0.4",
+      "dev": true,
       "inBundle": true,
       "license": "ISC",
       "dependencies": {
@@ -5685,6 +5762,7 @@
     },
     "node_modules/npm/node_modules/lru-cache": {
       "version": "11.5.1",
+      "dev": true,
       "inBundle": true,
       "license": "BlueOak-1.0.0",
       "engines": {
@@ -5693,6 +5771,7 @@
     },
     "node_modules/npm/node_modules/make-fetch-happen": {
       "version": "15.0.6",
+      "dev": true,
       "inBundle": true,
       "license": "ISC",
       "dependencies": {
@@ -5715,6 +5794,7 @@
     },
     "node_modules/npm/node_modules/minimatch": {
       "version": "10.2.5",
+      "dev": true,
       "inBundle": true,
       "license": "BlueOak-1.0.0",
       "dependencies": {
@@ -5729,6 +5809,7 @@
     },
     "node_modules/npm/node_modules/minipass": {
       "version": "7.1.3",
+      "dev": true,
       "inBundle": true,
       "license": "BlueOak-1.0.0",
       "engines": {
@@ -5737,6 +5818,7 @@
     },
     "node_modules/npm/node_modules/minipass-collect": {
       "version": "2.0.1",
+      "dev": true,
       "inBundle": true,
       "license": "ISC",
       "dependencies": {
@@ -5748,6 +5830,7 @@
     },
     "node_modules/npm/node_modules/minipass-fetch": {
       "version": "5.0.2",
+      "dev": true,
       "inBundle": true,
       "license": "MIT",
       "dependencies": {
@@ -5764,6 +5847,7 @@
     },
     "node_modules/npm/node_modules/minipass-flush": {
       "version": "1.0.6",
+      "dev": true,
       "inBundle": true,
       "license": "BlueOak-1.0.0",
       "dependencies": {
@@ -5775,6 +5859,7 @@
     },
     "node_modules/npm/node_modules/minipass-pipeline": {
       "version": "1.2.4",
+      "dev": true,
       "inBundle": true,
       "license": "ISC",
       "dependencies": {
@@ -5786,6 +5871,7 @@
     },
     "node_modules/npm/node_modules/minipass-pipeline/node_modules/minipass": {
       "version": "3.3.6",
+      "dev": true,
       "inBundle": true,
       "license": "ISC",
       "dependencies": {
@@ -5797,11 +5883,13 @@
     },
     "node_modules/npm/node_modules/minipass-pipeline/node_modules/yallist": {
       "version": "4.0.0",
+      "dev": true,
       "inBundle": true,
       "license": "ISC"
     },
     "node_modules/npm/node_modules/minipass-sized": {
       "version": "2.0.0",
+      "dev": true,
       "inBundle": true,
       "license": "ISC",
       "dependencies": {
@@ -5813,6 +5901,7 @@
     },
     "node_modules/npm/node_modules/minizlib": {
       "version": "3.1.0",
+      "dev": true,
       "inBundle": true,
       "license": "MIT",
       "dependencies": {
@@ -5824,11 +5913,13 @@
     },
     "node_modules/npm/node_modules/ms": {
       "version": "2.1.3",
+      "dev": true,
       "inBundle": true,
       "license": "MIT"
     },
     "node_modules/npm/node_modules/mute-stream": {
       "version": "3.0.0",
+      "dev": true,
       "inBundle": true,
       "license": "ISC",
       "engines": {
@@ -5837,6 +5928,7 @@
     },
     "node_modules/npm/node_modules/negotiator": {
       "version": "1.0.0",
+      "dev": true,
       "inBundle": true,
       "license": "MIT",
       "engines": {
@@ -5845,6 +5937,7 @@
     },
     "node_modules/npm/node_modules/node-gyp": {
       "version": "12.4.0",
+      "dev": true,
       "inBundle": true,
       "license": "MIT",
       "dependencies": {
@@ -5868,6 +5961,7 @@
     },
     "node_modules/npm/node_modules/nopt": {
       "version": "9.0.0",
+      "dev": true,
       "inBundle": true,
       "license": "ISC",
       "dependencies": {
@@ -5882,6 +5976,7 @@
     },
     "node_modules/npm/node_modules/npm-audit-report": {
       "version": "7.0.0",
+      "dev": true,
       "inBundle": true,
       "license": "ISC",
       "engines": {
@@ -5890,6 +5985,7 @@
     },
     "node_modules/npm/node_modules/npm-bundled": {
       "version": "5.0.0",
+      "dev": true,
       "inBundle": true,
       "license": "ISC",
       "dependencies": {
@@ -5901,6 +5997,7 @@
     },
     "node_modules/npm/node_modules/npm-install-checks": {
       "version": "8.0.0",
+      "dev": true,
       "inBundle": true,
       "license": "BSD-2-Clause",
       "dependencies": {
@@ -5912,6 +6009,7 @@
     },
     "node_modules/npm/node_modules/npm-normalize-package-bin": {
       "version": "5.0.0",
+      "dev": true,
       "inBundle": true,
       "license": "ISC",
       "engines": {
@@ -5920,6 +6018,7 @@
     },
     "node_modules/npm/node_modules/npm-package-arg": {
       "version": "13.0.2",
+      "dev": true,
       "inBundle": true,
       "license": "ISC",
       "dependencies": {
@@ -5934,6 +6033,7 @@
     },
     "node_modules/npm/node_modules/npm-packlist": {
       "version": "10.0.4",
+      "dev": true,
       "inBundle": true,
       "license": "ISC",
       "dependencies": {
@@ -5946,6 +6046,7 @@
     },
     "node_modules/npm/node_modules/npm-pick-manifest": {
       "version": "11.0.3",
+      "dev": true,
       "inBundle": true,
       "license": "ISC",
       "dependencies": {
@@ -5960,6 +6061,7 @@
     },
     "node_modules/npm/node_modules/npm-profile": {
       "version": "12.0.2",
+      "dev": true,
       "inBundle": true,
       "license": "ISC",
       "dependencies": {
@@ -5972,6 +6074,7 @@
     },
     "node_modules/npm/node_modules/npm-registry-fetch": {
       "version": "19.1.1",
+      "dev": true,
       "inBundle": true,
       "license": "ISC",
       "dependencies": {
@@ -5990,6 +6093,7 @@
     },
     "node_modules/npm/node_modules/npm-user-validate": {
       "version": "4.0.0",
+      "dev": true,
       "inBundle": true,
       "license": "BSD-2-Clause",
       "engines": {
@@ -5998,6 +6102,7 @@
     },
     "node_modules/npm/node_modules/p-map": {
       "version": "7.0.4",
+      "dev": true,
       "inBundle": true,
       "license": "MIT",
       "engines": {
@@ -6009,6 +6114,7 @@
     },
     "node_modules/npm/node_modules/pacote": {
       "version": "21.5.1",
+      "dev": true,
       "inBundle": true,
       "license": "ISC",
       "dependencies": {
@@ -6039,6 +6145,7 @@
     },
     "node_modules/npm/node_modules/parse-conflict-json": {
       "version": "5.0.1",
+      "dev": true,
       "inBundle": true,
       "license": "ISC",
       "dependencies": {
@@ -6052,6 +6159,7 @@
     },
     "node_modules/npm/node_modules/path-scurry": {
       "version": "2.0.2",
+      "dev": true,
       "inBundle": true,
       "license": "BlueOak-1.0.0",
       "dependencies": {
@@ -6067,6 +6175,7 @@
     },
     "node_modules/npm/node_modules/postcss-selector-parser": {
       "version": "7.1.4",
+      "dev": true,
       "inBundle": true,
       "license": "MIT",
       "dependencies": {
@@ -6079,6 +6188,7 @@
     },
     "node_modules/npm/node_modules/proc-log": {
       "version": "6.1.0",
+      "dev": true,
       "inBundle": true,
       "license": "ISC",
       "engines": {
@@ -6087,6 +6197,7 @@
     },
     "node_modules/npm/node_modules/proggy": {
       "version": "4.0.0",
+      "dev": true,
       "inBundle": true,
       "license": "ISC",
       "engines": {
@@ -6095,6 +6206,7 @@
     },
     "node_modules/npm/node_modules/promise-all-reject-late": {
       "version": "1.0.1",
+      "dev": true,
       "inBundle": true,
       "license": "ISC",
       "funding": {
@@ -6103,6 +6215,7 @@
     },
     "node_modules/npm/node_modules/promise-call-limit": {
       "version": "3.0.2",
+      "dev": true,
       "inBundle": true,
       "license": "ISC",
       "funding": {
@@ -6111,6 +6224,7 @@
     },
     "node_modules/npm/node_modules/promzard": {
       "version": "3.0.1",
+      "dev": true,
       "inBundle": true,
       "license": "ISC",
       "dependencies": {
@@ -6122,6 +6236,7 @@
     },
     "node_modules/npm/node_modules/qrcode-terminal": {
       "version": "0.12.0",
+      "dev": true,
       "inBundle": true,
       "bin": {
         "qrcode-terminal": "bin/qrcode-terminal.js"
@@ -6129,6 +6244,7 @@
     },
     "node_modules/npm/node_modules/read": {
       "version": "5.0.1",
+      "dev": true,
       "inBundle": true,
       "license": "ISC",
       "dependencies": {
@@ -6140,6 +6256,7 @@
     },
     "node_modules/npm/node_modules/read-cmd-shim": {
       "version": "6.0.0",
+      "dev": true,
       "inBundle": true,
       "license": "ISC",
       "engines": {
@@ -6148,12 +6265,14 @@
     },
     "node_modules/npm/node_modules/safer-buffer": {
       "version": "2.1.2",
+      "dev": true,
       "inBundle": true,
       "license": "MIT",
       "optional": true
     },
     "node_modules/npm/node_modules/semver": {
       "version": "7.8.5",
+      "dev": true,
       "inBundle": true,
       "license": "ISC",
       "bin": {
@@ -6165,6 +6284,7 @@
     },
     "node_modules/npm/node_modules/signal-exit": {
       "version": "4.1.0",
+      "dev": true,
       "inBundle": true,
       "license": "ISC",
       "engines": {
@@ -6176,6 +6296,7 @@
     },
     "node_modules/npm/node_modules/sigstore": {
       "version": "4.1.1",
+      "dev": true,
       "inBundle": true,
       "license": "Apache-2.0",
       "dependencies": {
@@ -6192,6 +6313,7 @@
     },
     "node_modules/npm/node_modules/smart-buffer": {
       "version": "4.2.0",
+      "dev": true,
       "inBundle": true,
       "license": "MIT",
       "engines": {
@@ -6201,6 +6323,7 @@
     },
     "node_modules/npm/node_modules/socks": {
       "version": "2.8.9",
+      "dev": true,
       "inBundle": true,
       "license": "MIT",
       "dependencies": {
@@ -6214,6 +6337,7 @@
     },
     "node_modules/npm/node_modules/socks-proxy-agent": {
       "version": "8.0.5",
+      "dev": true,
       "inBundle": true,
       "license": "MIT",
       "dependencies": {
@@ -6227,11 +6351,13 @@
     },
     "node_modules/npm/node_modules/spdx-exceptions": {
       "version": "2.5.0",
+      "dev": true,
       "inBundle": true,
       "license": "CC-BY-3.0"
     },
     "node_modules/npm/node_modules/spdx-expression-parse": {
       "version": "4.0.0",
+      "dev": true,
       "inBundle": true,
       "license": "MIT",
       "dependencies": {
@@ -6241,11 +6367,13 @@
     },
     "node_modules/npm/node_modules/spdx-license-ids": {
       "version": "3.0.23",
+      "dev": true,
       "inBundle": true,
       "license": "CC0-1.0"
     },
     "node_modules/npm/node_modules/ssri": {
       "version": "13.0.1",
+      "dev": true,
       "inBundle": true,
       "license": "ISC",
       "dependencies": {
@@ -6257,6 +6385,7 @@
     },
     "node_modules/npm/node_modules/supports-color": {
       "version": "10.2.2",
+      "dev": true,
       "inBundle": true,
       "license": "MIT",
       "engines": {
@@ -6268,6 +6397,7 @@
     },
     "node_modules/npm/node_modules/tar": {
       "version": "7.5.19",
+      "dev": true,
       "inBundle": true,
       "license": "BlueOak-1.0.0",
       "dependencies": {
@@ -6283,16 +6413,19 @@
     },
     "node_modules/npm/node_modules/text-table": {
       "version": "0.2.0",
+      "dev": true,
       "inBundle": true,
       "license": "MIT"
     },
     "node_modules/npm/node_modules/tiny-relative-date": {
       "version": "2.0.2",
+      "dev": true,
       "inBundle": true,
       "license": "MIT"
     },
     "node_modules/npm/node_modules/tinyglobby": {
       "version": "0.2.17",
+      "dev": true,
       "inBundle": true,
       "license": "MIT",
       "dependencies": {
@@ -6308,6 +6441,7 @@
     },
     "node_modules/npm/node_modules/tinyglobby/node_modules/fdir": {
       "version": "6.5.0",
+      "dev": true,
       "inBundle": true,
       "license": "MIT",
       "engines": {
@@ -6324,6 +6458,7 @@
     },
     "node_modules/npm/node_modules/tinyglobby/node_modules/picomatch": {
       "version": "4.0.4",
+      "dev": true,
       "inBundle": true,
       "license": "MIT",
       "engines": {
@@ -6335,6 +6470,7 @@
     },
     "node_modules/npm/node_modules/treeverse": {
       "version": "3.0.0",
+      "dev": true,
       "inBundle": true,
       "license": "ISC",
       "engines": {
@@ -6343,6 +6479,7 @@
     },
     "node_modules/npm/node_modules/tuf-js": {
       "version": "4.1.0",
+      "dev": true,
       "inBundle": true,
       "license": "MIT",
       "dependencies": {
@@ -6356,6 +6493,7 @@
     },
     "node_modules/npm/node_modules/undici": {
       "version": "6.27.0",
+      "dev": true,
       "inBundle": true,
       "license": "MIT",
       "engines": {
@@ -6364,11 +6502,13 @@
     },
     "node_modules/npm/node_modules/util-deprecate": {
       "version": "1.0.2",
+      "dev": true,
       "inBundle": true,
       "license": "MIT"
     },
     "node_modules/npm/node_modules/validate-npm-package-name": {
       "version": "7.0.2",
+      "dev": true,
       "inBundle": true,
       "license": "ISC",
       "engines": {
@@ -6377,6 +6517,7 @@
     },
     "node_modules/npm/node_modules/walk-up-path": {
       "version": "4.0.0",
+      "dev": true,
       "inBundle": true,
       "license": "ISC",
       "engines": {
@@ -6385,6 +6526,7 @@
     },
     "node_modules/npm/node_modules/which": {
       "version": "6.0.1",
+      "dev": true,
       "inBundle": true,
       "license": "ISC",
       "dependencies": {
@@ -6399,6 +6541,7 @@
     },
     "node_modules/npm/node_modules/write-file-atomic": {
       "version": "7.0.1",
+      "dev": true,
       "inBundle": true,
       "license": "ISC",
       "dependencies": {
@@ -6410,6 +6553,7 @@
     },
     "node_modules/npm/node_modules/yallist": {
       "version": "5.0.0",
+      "dev": true,
       "inBundle": true,
       "license": "BlueOak-1.0.0",
       "engines": {
diff --git a/package.json b/package.json
index bed4eb6..413e527 100644
--- a/package.json
+++ b/package.json
@@ -41,6 +41,7 @@
   },
   "dependencies": {
     "@messageformat/icu-messageformat-1": "^0.12.0",
+    "@messageformat/parser": "^5.1.1",
     "messageformat": "^4.0.0",
     "pseudo-localization": "^2.4.0"
   },
diff --git a/src/classes/MsgResource/MsgResource.ts b/src/classes/MsgResource/MsgResource.ts
index 50c4b46..4f301dc 100644
--- a/src/classes/MsgResource/MsgResource.ts
+++ b/src/classes/MsgResource/MsgResource.ts
@@ -1,8 +1,7 @@
-import { parseMessage, stringifyMessage, visit } from "messageformat";
-import { localize } from "pseudo-localization";
 import { type MsgMessageData, MsgMessage } from "../MsgMessage/MsgMessage.js";
 import { DEFAULT_ATTRIBUTES, MSG_DEFAULT_FORMAT, MsgInterface, type MsgAttributes, type MsgNote, type NoteTypes } from "../MsgInterface/MsgInterface.js";
 import { MsgProject } from "../MsgProject/MsgProject.js";
+import { pseudoLocalize } from "../../lib/pseudo-localize.js";
 
 /**
  * Plain data used to create or describe a {@link MsgResource}.
@@ -90,29 +89,6 @@ export class MsgResource extends Map<string, MsgMessage> implements MsgInterface
     return attributes.format ?? MSG_DEFAULT_FORMAT;
   }
 
-  /**
-   * Pseudo-localizes an MF2 message by localizing only literal text parts.
-   */
-  private pseudoLocalizeMF2(
-    source: string,
-    options?: { strategy?: "accented" | "bidi" }
-  ): string {
-    const msg = parseMessage(source);
-
-    visit(msg, {
-      pattern: (pattern) => {
-        for (let i = 0; i < pattern.length; i++) {
-          const part = pattern[i];
-          if (typeof part === "string") {
-            pattern[i] = localize(part, options);
-          }
-        }
-      },
-    });
-
-    return stringifyMessage(msg);
-  }
-
   /** Locale and formatting metadata for this resource. */
   public get attributes() {
     return this._attributes;
@@ -255,7 +231,11 @@ export class MsgResource extends Map<string, MsgMessage> implements MsgInterface
    * Loads and applies translations for a locale via the project loader.
    *
    * When `lang` is the project's pseudo-locale, returns a pseudo-localized
-   * copy without calling the loader.
+   * copy without calling the loader. Each message is transformed according to
+   * its resolved `format` (`MF1`, `MF2`, or `NONE`): only literal text is
+   * accented; placeholders and message-format syntax are preserved.
+   *
+   * When `lang` is omitted, returns a clone of the current resource.
    *
    * @throws {Error} When the locale is unsupported or its language chain is empty.
    */
@@ -269,19 +249,17 @@ export class MsgResource extends Map<string, MsgMessage> implements MsgInterface
     const project = this._project;
     const pseudoLocale = project.locales.pseudoLocale;
     if (lang === pseudoLocale) {
+      const messages = [...this.values()].map((msg) => ({
+        key: msg.key,
+        value: pseudoLocalize(msg.value, this.resolveFormat(msg.attributes)),
+        attributes: { ...msg.attributes, lang: pseudoLocale }
+      }));
       const pseudolocalizedData: MsgResourceData = {
         title: this.title,
         attributes: { ...this.attributes, lang: pseudoLocale },
         notes: this.notes.length > 0 ? this.notes : undefined,
-        messages: []
+        messages
       };
-      this.forEach(msg => {
-        pseudolocalizedData.messages!.push({
-          key: msg.key,
-          value: this.pseudoLocalizeMF2(msg.value),
-          attributes: { ...this.attributes, lang: pseudoLocale }
-        });
-      });
       return this.translate(pseudolocalizedData);
     }
 
diff --git a/src/lib/index.ts b/src/lib/index.ts
index afbf9b6..109eaa1 100644
--- a/src/lib/index.ts
+++ b/src/lib/index.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 /**
- * Barrel export for the lang utils.
+ * Barrel export for library utilities.
  */
-export * from './lang-utils.js';
\ No newline at end of file
+export * from './lang-utils.js';
+export * from './pseudo-localize.js';
diff --git a/src/lib/pseudo-localize.ts b/src/lib/pseudo-localize.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a37c0bc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lib/pseudo-localize.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,142 @@
+import { parseMessage, stringifyMessage, visit } from "messageformat";
+import { parse, type Token } from "@messageformat/parser";
+import { localize } from "pseudo-localization";
+import type { MsgFormat } from "../classes/MsgInterface/MsgInterface.js";
+
+/**
+ * Options forwarded to `pseudo-localization`'s `localize`.
+ */
+export type PseudoLocalizeOptions = {
+  strategy?: "accented" | "bidi";
+};
+
+/** A literal span in an MF1 source string eligible for pseudo-localization. */
+type Mf1ContentSpan = {
+  offset: number;
+  length: number;
+  value: string;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Pseudo-localizes an MF2 message by localizing only literal text parts.
+ */
+export function pseudoLocalizeMF2(
+  source: string,
+  options?: PseudoLocalizeOptions
+): string {
+  const msg = parseMessage(source);
+
+  visit(msg, {
+    pattern: (pattern) => {
+      for (let i = 0; i < pattern.length; i++) {
+        const part = pattern[i];
+        if (typeof part === "string") {
+          pattern[i] = localize(part, options);
+        }
+      }
+    },
+  });
+
+  return stringifyMessage(msg);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Collects human-readable `content` tokens from an MF1 AST.
+ *
+ * Content inside function `param` (arg styles like `::currency/EUR`) is skipped
+ * so formatter options stay intact. The `inFunctionParam` flag is preserved when
+ * descending into nested select/plural tokens under a param.
+ */
+function collectMf1ContentTokens(
+  tokens: Token[],
+  into: Mf1ContentSpan[] = [],
+  inFunctionParam = false
+): Mf1ContentSpan[] {
+  for (const token of tokens) {
+    switch (token.type) {
+      case "content":
+        if (!inFunctionParam && token.value.length > 0) {
+          into.push({
+            offset: token.ctx.offset,
+            length: token.value.length,
+            value: token.value,
+          });
+        }
+        break;
+      case "plural":
+      case "select":
+      case "selectordinal":
+        for (const selectCase of token.cases) {
+          collectMf1ContentTokens(selectCase.tokens, into, inFunctionParam);
+        }
+        break;
+      case "function":
+        if (token.param) {
+          collectMf1ContentTokens(token.param, into, true);
+        }
+        break;
+      case "argument":
+      case "octothorpe":
+        break;
+    }
+  }
+  return into;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Pseudo-localizes an MF1 (ICU MessageFormat 1) message by localizing only
+ * human-readable content tokens, preserving placeholders and syntax.
+ *
+ * Parses with `@messageformat/parser`, then rebuilds the source with localized
+ * content spans so ICU structure round-trips unchanged.
+ */
+export function pseudoLocalizeMF1(
+  source: string,
+  options?: PseudoLocalizeOptions
+): string {
+  const spans = collectMf1ContentTokens(parse(source));
+  if (spans.length === 0) {
+    return source;
+  }
+
+  spans.sort((a, b) => a.offset - b.offset);
+
+  let result = "";
+  let cursor = 0;
+  for (const span of spans) {
+    result += source.slice(cursor, span.offset);
+    result += localize(span.value, options);
+    cursor = span.offset + span.length;
+  }
+  result += source.slice(cursor);
+  return result;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Pseudo-localizes an unformatted (`NONE`) string in full.
+ */
+export function pseudoLocalizeNone(
+  source: string,
+  options?: PseudoLocalizeOptions
+): string {
+  return localize(source, options);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Pseudo-localizes a message value according to its resolved {@link MsgFormat}.
+ */
+export function pseudoLocalize(
+  source: string,
+  format: MsgFormat,
+  options?: PseudoLocalizeOptions
+): string {
+  switch (format) {
+    case "MF1":
+      return pseudoLocalizeMF1(source, options);
+    case "NONE":
+      return pseudoLocalizeNone(source, options);
+    case "MF2":
+    default:
+      return pseudoLocalizeMF2(source, options);
+  }
+}
diff --git a/src/tests/MsgResource.test.ts b/src/tests/MsgResource.test.ts
index 60fbf12..d5aaa1b 100644
--- a/src/tests/MsgResource.test.ts
+++ b/src/tests/MsgResource.test.ts
@@ -562,6 +562,24 @@ describe('MsgResource tests', () => {
     expect(translated.get('test-2')?.value).toBe('这是测试 2');
   });
 
+  test('MsgResource: "getTranslation" method without lang clones the resource', async () => {
+    const project = MsgProject.create(testProjectData);
+    const resource = MsgResource.create({
+      title: 'TestResource',
+      attributes: { lang: 'en', dir: 'ltr' },
+      messages: [
+        { key: 'test-1', value: 'This is test 1' }
+      ]
+    }, project);
+
+    const cloned = await resource.getTranslation();
+
+    expect(cloned).not.toBe(resource);
+    expect(cloned.title).toBe('TestResource');
+    expect(cloned.attributes.lang).toBe('en');
+    expect(cloned.get('test-1')?.value).toBe('This is test 1');
+  });
+
   test('MsgResource: "getTranslation" method with language chain', async () => {
     const project = MsgProject.create(testProjectData);
     const resource = MsgResource.create({
@@ -721,6 +739,80 @@ describe('MsgResource tests', () => {
     expect(value?.startsWith('Ħ') || value?.includes('ŀ')).toBe(true); // pseudolocalized
   });
 
+  test('MsgResource: "getTranslation" method with pseudoLocale handles MF1 plural messages', async () => {
+    const project = MsgProject.create({
+      ...testProjectData,
+      project: { ...testProjectData.project, format: 'MF1' }
+    });
+    const resource = MsgResource.create({
+      title: 'TestResource',
+      attributes: { lang: 'en', dir: 'ltr' },
+      messages: [
+        { key: 'files', value: '{count, plural, one {# file} other {# files}}' }
+      ]
+    }, project);
+
+    const translated = await resource.getTranslation('zxx');
+    const value = translated.get('files')?.value;
+
+    expect(value).toBeDefined();
+    expect(value).toContain('{count, plural,');
+    expect(value).toContain('#');
+    expect(value).not.toBe('{count, plural, one {# file} other {# files}}');
+    expect(value!.includes('file')).toBe(false);
+    // Still formats as MF1 after pseudo-localization
+    expect(translated.get('files')?.format({ count: 1 })).toMatch(/1/);
+    expect(translated.get('files')?.format({ count: 2 })).toMatch(/2/);
+  });
+
+  test('MsgResource: "getTranslation" method with pseudoLocale handles NONE messages', async () => {
+    const project = MsgProject.create(testProjectData);
+    const resource = MsgResource.create({
+      title: 'TestResource',
+      attributes: { lang: 'en', dir: 'ltr' },
+      messages: [
+        { key: 'plain', value: 'Hello world', attributes: { format: 'NONE' } }
+      ]
+    }, project);
+
+    const translated = await resource.getTranslation('zxx');
+    const value = translated.get('plain')?.value;
+
+    expect(value).toBeDefined();
+    expect(value).not.toBe('Hello world');
+    expect(value?.startsWith('Ħ') || value?.includes('ŀ')).toBe(true);
+    expect(translated.get('plain')?.attributes.format).toBe('NONE');
+  });
+
+  test('MsgResource: "getTranslation" method with pseudoLocale handles mixed formats', async () => {
+    const project = MsgProject.create({
+      ...testProjectData,
+      project: { ...testProjectData.project, format: 'MF1' }
+    });
+    const resource = MsgResource.create({
+      title: 'TestResource',
+      attributes: { lang: 'en', dir: 'ltr' },
+      messages: [
+        { key: 'files', value: '{count, plural, one {# file} other {# files}}' },
+        { key: 'hi', value: 'Hello, {$name}!', attributes: { format: 'MF2' } },
+        { key: 'plain', value: 'Just text', attributes: { format: 'NONE' } }
+      ]
+    }, project);
+
+    const translated = await resource.getTranslation('zxx');
+
+    const files = translated.get('files')?.value;
+    expect(files).toContain('{count, plural,');
+    expect(files).not.toBe('{count, plural, one {# file} other {# files}}');
+
+    const hi = translated.get('hi')?.value;
+    expect(hi).toContain('{$name}');
+    expect(hi).not.toBe('Hello, {$name}!');
+
+    const plain = translated.get('plain')?.value;
+    expect(plain).not.toBe('Just text');
+  });
+
   test('MsgResource: "getTranslation" method throws error for unsupported locale', async () => {
     const project = MsgProject.create(testProjectData);
     const resource = MsgResource.create({
diff --git a/src/tests/format.integration.test.ts b/src/tests/format.integration.test.ts
index e2fecdf..516e0c0 100644
--- a/src/tests/format.integration.test.ts
+++ b/src/tests/format.integration.test.ts
@@ -96,6 +96,40 @@ describe('format integration: mixed MF1/MF2/NONE within one project', () => {
     expect(formatted).toContain('3');
     expect(formatted).toContain('个文件');
   });
+
+  test('pseudoLocale localizes mixed formats and formatting still works', async () => {
+    const project = MsgProject.create(projectData('MF1'));
+    const resource = MsgResource.create({
+      title: 'Home',
+      attributes: { lang: 'en', dir: 'ltr' },
+      messages: [
+        { key: 'files', value: '{count, plural, one {# file} other {# files}}' },
+        { key: 'hi', value: 'Hello, {$name}!', attributes: { format: 'MF2' } },
+        { key: 'raw', value: 'Just text', attributes: { format: 'NONE' } }
+      ]
+    }, project);
+
+    const pseudo = await resource.getTranslation('en-XA');
+
+    expect(pseudo.attributes.lang).toBe('en-XA');
+    expect(pseudo.get('files')?.attributes.format).toBe('MF1');
+    expect(pseudo.get('hi')?.attributes.format).toBe('MF2');
+    expect(pseudo.get('raw')?.attributes.format).toBe('NONE');
+
+    const files = pseudo.get('files')!;
+    expect(files.value).not.toContain('file');
+    expect(files.format({ count: 1 })).toMatch(/1/);
+    expect(files.format({ count: 2 })).toMatch(/2/);
+
+    const hi = pseudo.get('hi')!;
+    expect(hi.value).toContain('{$name}');
+    expect(hi.format({ name: 'Ada' })).toContain('Ada');
+    expect(hi.format({ name: 'Ada' })).not.toContain('Hello');
+
+    const raw = pseudo.get('raw')!;
+    expect(raw.value).not.toBe('Just text');
+    expect(raw.format({})).toBe(raw.value);
+  });
 });
 
 describe('format coverage: default fallbacks', () => {
diff --git a/src/tests/pseudo-localize.test.ts b/src/tests/pseudo-localize.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8797969
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/tests/pseudo-localize.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+import { describe, expect, test } from 'vitest';
+import {
+  pseudoLocalize,
+  pseudoLocalizeMF1,
+  pseudoLocalizeMF2,
+  pseudoLocalizeNone
+} from '../lib/pseudo-localize.js';
+
+describe('pseudoLocalize helpers', () => {
+  test('pseudoLocalizeMF2 localizes literals and preserves variables', () => {
+    const result = pseudoLocalizeMF2('Hello, {$name}!');
+    expect(result).toContain('{$name}');
+    expect(result).not.toBe('Hello, {$name}!');
+    expect(result.startsWith('Ħ') || result.includes('ŀ')).toBe(true);
+  });
+
+  test('pseudoLocalizeNone localizes the whole string', () => {
+    const result = pseudoLocalizeNone('Hello world');
+    expect(result).not.toBe('Hello world');
+    expect(result.startsWith('Ħ') || result.includes('ŀ')).toBe(true);
+  });
+
+  test('pseudoLocalizeMF1 localizes content and preserves simple placeholders', () => {
+    const result = pseudoLocalizeMF1('Hello, {name}!');
+    expect(result).toContain('{name}');
+    expect(result).not.toBe('Hello, {name}!');
+    expect(result.startsWith('Ħ') || result.includes('ŀ')).toBe(true);
+  });
+
+  test('pseudoLocalizeMF1 localizes plural arm text and preserves ICU structure', () => {
+    const source = '{count, plural, one {# file} other {# files}}';
+    const result = pseudoLocalizeMF1(source);
+
+    expect(result).toContain('{count, plural,');
+    expect(result).toContain('one {');
+    expect(result).toContain('other {');
+    expect(result).toContain('#');
+    expect(result).not.toBe(source);
+    // Literal "file" / "files" should be accented; # and keys stay intact.
+    expect(result).toMatch(/#\s+\S+/);
+    expect(result.includes('file') || result.includes('files')).toBe(false);
+  });
+
+  test('pseudoLocalizeMF1 localizes select arm text and preserves keys', () => {
+    const source = '{gender, select, male {He liked this} female {She liked this} other {They liked this}}';
+    const result = pseudoLocalizeMF1(source);
+
+    expect(result).toContain('{gender, select,');
+    expect(result).toContain('male {');
+    expect(result).toContain('female {');
+    expect(result).toContain('other {');
+    expect(result).not.toBe(source);
+    expect(result.includes('liked')).toBe(false);
+  });
+
+  test('pseudoLocalizeMF1 does not localize function arg styles', () => {
+    const source = 'Total: {amount, number, ::currency/EUR}';
+    const result = pseudoLocalizeMF1(source);
+
+    expect(result).toContain('{amount, number, ::currency/EUR}');
+    expect(result).not.toBe(source);
+    expect(result.startsWith('Ŧ') || result.includes('ǿ')).toBe(true);
+  });
+
+  test('pseudoLocalizeMF1 returns source unchanged when there is no content', () => {
+    expect(pseudoLocalizeMF1('{name}')).toBe('{name}');
+    expect(pseudoLocalizeMF1('')).toBe('');
+  });
+
+  test('pseudoLocalize dispatches by format', () => {
+    const mf2 = pseudoLocalize('Hi {$n}', 'MF2');
+    expect(mf2).toContain('{$n}');
+    expect(mf2).not.toBe('Hi {$n}');
+
+    const mf1 = pseudoLocalize('Hi {n}', 'MF1');
+    expect(mf1).toContain('{n}');
+    expect(mf1).not.toBe('Hi {n}');
+
+    expect(pseudoLocalize('plain', 'NONE')).not.toBe('plain');
+  });
+});