diff --git a/babel/messages/extract.py b/babel/messages/extract.py
index 6fad84304..5d4486287 100644
--- a/babel/messages/extract.py
+++ b/babel/messages/extract.py
@@ -586,14 +586,13 @@ def extract_python(
     for tok, value, (lineno, _), _, _ in tokens:
         if not call_stack and tok == NAME and value in ('def', 'class'):
             in_def = True
-        elif tok == OP and value == '(':
-            if in_def:
-                # Avoid false positives for declarations such as:
-                # def gettext(arg='message'):
-                in_def = False
-                continue
-            if funcname:
-                call_stack.append(lineno)
+        elif in_def and tok == OP and value == '(':
+            # Avoid false positives for declarations such as:
+            # def gettext(arg='message'):
+            in_def = False
+            continue
+        elif funcname and tok == OP and (value == '(' or value == '['):
+            call_stack.append(lineno)
         elif in_def and tok == OP and value == ':':
             # End of a class definition without parens
             in_def = False
@@ -683,7 +682,7 @@ def extract_python(
 
             elif tok != NL and not message_lineno:
                 message_lineno = lineno
-        elif len(call_stack) > 1 and tok == OP and value == ')':
+        elif len(call_stack) > 1 and tok == OP and (value == ')' or value == ']'):
             call_stack.pop()
         elif funcname and not call_stack:
             funcname = None
diff --git a/tests/messages/test_extract.py b/tests/messages/test_extract.py
index 1a834d1b7..4a0bfd337 100644
--- a/tests/messages/test_extract.py
+++ b/tests/messages/test_extract.py
@@ -28,14 +28,18 @@ def test_invalid_filter():
 msg6 = ungettext(arg0, 'bunnies', random.randint(1, 2))
 msg7 = _(hello.there)
 msg8 = gettext('Rabbit')
-msg9 = dgettext('wiki', model.addPage())
-msg10 = dngettext(domain, 'Page', 'Pages', 3)
+msg9 = gettext(dict['key'])
+msg10 = gettext(dict['key1']['key2'])
+msg11 = [_('text')]
+msg12 = dgettext('wiki', model.addPage())
+msg13 = dngettext(domain, 'Page', 'Pages', 3)
 """)
     messages = list(extract.extract('python', buf, extract.DEFAULT_KEYWORDS, [], {}))
     assert messages == [
         (5, ('bunny', 'bunnies'), [], None),
         (8, 'Rabbit', [], None),
-        (10, ('Page', 'Pages'), [], None),
+        (11, 'text', [], None),
+        (13, ('Page', 'Pages'), [], None),
     ]