diff --git a/Zend/tests/gh24631.phpt b/Zend/tests/gh24631.phpt
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..8a667a67c16a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Zend/tests/gh24631.phpt
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+--TEST--
+GH-24631: Delayed OOM raised during compilation is reported even when compilation fails
+--SKIPIF--
+<?php
+if (getenv('USE_ZEND_ALLOC') === '0') die('skip Zend MM required');
+if (getenv('SKIP_SLOW_TESTS')) die('skip slow test');
+?>
+--FILE--
+<?php
+$php = getenv('TEST_PHP_EXECUTABLE');
+$inc = __DIR__ . '/gh24631_inc.php';
+// Huge string literal (forces OOM while compiling the file under a tight
+// memory_limit) followed by a stray ')' that would otherwise produce a parse
+// error on the OOM-truncated token stream.
+file_put_contents($inc, "<?php\n\$a = '" . str_repeat('A', 3 << 19) . "';\n)\n");
+
+$out = shell_exec($php . ' -n -d memory_limit=4M ' . escapeshellarg($inc) . ' 2>&1');
+@unlink($inc);
+
+// The real error (OOM) must be reported, and the spurious parse error must not.
+var_dump(
+    str_contains($out, 'Allowed memory size'),
+    str_contains($out, 'Parse error')
+);
+?>
+--EXPECT--
+bool(true)
+bool(false)
+--CLEAN--
+<?php
+@unlink(__DIR__ . '/gh24631_inc.php');
+?>
diff --git a/Zend/zend.c b/Zend/zend.c
index 216056511215..84b4ae5307c8 100644
--- a/Zend/zend.c
+++ b/Zend/zend.c
@@ -1981,6 +1981,17 @@ ZEND_API zend_result zend_execute_script(int type, zval *retval, zend_file_handl
 		zend_hash_add_empty_element(&EG(included_files), file_handle->opened_path);
 	}
 
+	/* GH-24631: a delayed OOM raised during compilation must be reported even
+	 * when compilation produced no op_array. Any pending exception here (e.g. a
+	 * parse error from the OOM-truncated source) is a downstream artifact of the
+	 * OOM, so discard it and let the OOM be the reported error. */
+	if (ZEND_HAS_OOM()) {
+		if (EG(exception)) {
+			zend_clear_exception();
+		}
+		zend_handle_delayed_oom();
+	}
+
 	zend_result ret = SUCCESS;
 	if (op_array) {
 		zend_execute(op_array, retval);