diff --git a/benchmark/module/package-scope-config.js b/benchmark/module/package-scope-config.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..e07f15cbb6d7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/module/package-scope-config.js
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+'use strict';
+
+const common = require('../common');
+const fs = require('fs');
+const { pathToFileURL } = require('url');
+const tmpdir = require('../../test/common/tmpdir');
+
+const bench = common.createBenchmark(main, {
+  entries: [0, 20, 200, 1000],
+  n: [1e4],
+}, { flags: ['--expose-internals'] });
+
+function main({ entries, n }) {
+  const { getPackageScopeConfig } = require('internal/modules/package_json_reader');
+  tmpdir.refresh();
+  const imports = {};
+  const exports = {};
+  for (let i = 0; i < entries; i++) {
+    imports[`#entry${i}`] = `./entry${i}.js`;
+    exports[`./entry${i}`] = `./entry${i}.js`;
+  }
+  fs.writeFileSync(tmpdir.resolve('package.json'), JSON.stringify({
+    type: 'module', imports, exports,
+  }));
+  const urls = Array.from({ length: 100 }, (_, i) =>
+    pathToFileURL(tmpdir.resolve(`entry${i}.js`)).href);
+  // Warm the package cache while looking up distinct modules in one scope.
+  for (const url of urls) getPackageScopeConfig(url);
+
+  bench.start();
+  for (let i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+    getPackageScopeConfig(urls[i % urls.length]);
+  }
+  bench.end(n);
+}
diff --git a/lib/internal/modules/package_json_reader.js b/lib/internal/modules/package_json_reader.js
index ea6b7d26395e..758c104ceddb 100644
--- a/lib/internal/modules/package_json_reader.js
+++ b/lib/internal/modules/package_json_reader.js
@@ -170,6 +170,10 @@ const moduleToParentPackageJSONCache = new SafeMap();
  */
 const deserializedPackageJSONCache = new SafeMap();
 
+// Keep the serialized fields as well: unlike the native package cache, VFS
+// lookups can return updated contents for the same package.json path.
+const packageScopeConfigCache = new SafeMap();
+
 /**
  * The directory the native nearest-parent traversal starts from for `checkPath`
  * (see BindingData::NormalizePath/TraverseParent): the path itself when it has
@@ -226,7 +230,22 @@ function getPackageScopeConfig(resolved) {
   const result = loaderMethods.getPackageScopeConfig(`${resolved}`);
 
   if (ArrayIsArray(result)) {
-    const { data, exists, path } = deserializePackageJSON(`${resolved}`, result);
+    const pjsonPath = result[5];
+    let cached = packageScopeConfigCache.get(pjsonPath);
+    if (cached === undefined ||
+        cached.serialized[0] !== result[0] ||
+        cached.serialized[1] !== result[1] ||
+        cached.serialized[2] !== result[2] ||
+        cached.serialized[3] !== result[3] ||
+        cached.serialized[4] !== result[4]) {
+      cached = {
+        __proto__: null,
+        serialized: result,
+        deserialized: deserializePackageJSON(`${resolved}`, result),
+      };
+      packageScopeConfigCache.set(pjsonPath, cached);
+    }
+    const { data, exists, path } = cached.deserialized;
 
     return {
       __proto__: null,
@@ -407,6 +426,7 @@ function purgePackageJSONCacheForPrefix(mountPoint) {
   cleanForVfsPrefix(directoryToParentPackageJSONPathCache, mountPoint);
   cleanForVfsPrefix(moduleToParentPackageJSONCache, mountPoint);
   cleanForVfsPrefix(deserializedPackageJSONCache, mountPoint);
+  cleanForVfsPrefix(packageScopeConfigCache, mountPoint);
 }
 
 module.exports = {
diff --git a/test/parallel/test-package-scope-config-cache.js b/test/parallel/test-package-scope-config-cache.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..cf0f7e242784
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/parallel/test-package-scope-config-cache.js
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+// Flags: --expose-internals
+'use strict';
+
+require('../common');
+const assert = require('assert');
+const fs = require('fs');
+const path = require('path');
+const { pathToFileURL } = require('url');
+const tmpdir = require('../common/tmpdir');
+const { getPackageScopeConfig } = require('internal/modules/package_json_reader');
+
+tmpdir.refresh();
+const packageConfig = {
+  name: 'scope-cache',
+  type: 'module',
+  exports: { '.': './index.js' },
+  imports: { '#dep': './dep.js' },
+};
+fs.writeFileSync(tmpdir.resolve('package.json'), JSON.stringify(packageConfig));
+fs.mkdirSync(tmpdir.resolve('nested'));
+fs.writeFileSync(tmpdir.resolve('nested', 'package.json'), JSON.stringify({
+  type: 'commonjs',
+  exports: ['./other.js'],
+}));
+
+const first = getPackageScopeConfig(pathToFileURL(tmpdir.resolve('index.js')));
+const second = getPackageScopeConfig(pathToFileURL(tmpdir.resolve('dep.js')).href);
+assert.strictEqual(first.pjsonPath,
+                   path.toNamespacedPath(tmpdir.resolve('package.json')));
+assert.strictEqual(first.type, 'module');
+assert.deepStrictEqual(first.exports, packageConfig.exports);
+assert.deepStrictEqual(first.imports, packageConfig.imports);
+assert.strictEqual(second.exports, first.exports);
+assert.strictEqual(second.imports, first.imports);
+
+// Each caller still receives its own configuration wrapper.
+first.type = 'commonjs';
+assert.strictEqual(second.type, 'module');
+assert.strictEqual(getPackageScopeConfig(
+  pathToFileURL(tmpdir.resolve('third.js'))).type, 'module');
+
+const nested = getPackageScopeConfig(pathToFileURL(tmpdir.resolve('nested', 'index.js')));
+assert.strictEqual(nested.pjsonPath,
+                   path.toNamespacedPath(tmpdir.resolve('nested', 'package.json')));
+assert.strictEqual(nested.type, 'commonjs');
+assert.deepStrictEqual(nested.exports, ['./other.js']);
+assert.strictEqual(nested.imports, undefined);
+
+// Package scope traversal must still stop at node_modules.
+fs.mkdirSync(tmpdir.resolve('node_modules', 'bare'), { recursive: true });
+const missing = getPackageScopeConfig(
+  pathToFileURL(tmpdir.resolve('node_modules', 'bare', 'index.js')));
+assert.strictEqual(missing.exists, false);
+assert.strictEqual(missing.type, 'none');
+assert.strictEqual(missing.pjsonPath,
+                   path.join(tmpdir.path, 'node_modules', 'package.json'));
diff --git a/test/parallel/test-vfs-package-scope-config-cache.js b/test/parallel/test-vfs-package-scope-config-cache.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..6d433146f16d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/parallel/test-vfs-package-scope-config-cache.js
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+// Flags: --experimental-vfs --expose-internals
+'use strict';
+
+require('../common');
+const assert = require('assert');
+const path = require('path');
+const { pathToFileURL } = require('url');
+const vfs = require('node:vfs');
+const { getPackageScopeConfig } = require('internal/modules/package_json_reader');
+
+const volume = vfs.create();
+volume.mkdirSync('/pkg');
+const mountPoint = volume.mount();
+const packagePath = path.join(mountPoint, 'pkg', 'package.json');
+const url = pathToFileURL(path.join(mountPoint, 'pkg', 'index.js'));
+const config = {
+  name: 'before',
+  main: './index.js',
+  type: 'module',
+  imports: { '#dep': './dep.js' },
+  exports: { '.': './index.js' },
+};
+
+function readConfig() {
+  volume.writeFileSync(packagePath, JSON.stringify(config));
+  const result = getPackageScopeConfig(url);
+  for (const key of Object.keys(config)) {
+    assert.deepStrictEqual(result[key], config[key]);
+  }
+  assert.strictEqual(result.exists, true);
+  assert.strictEqual(result.pjsonPath, path.join(mountPoint, 'pkg', 'package.json'));
+  return result;
+}
+
+try {
+  const first = readConfig();
+  assert.strictEqual(getPackageScopeConfig(url).exports, first.exports);
+
+  // Invalidate on each serialized field independently, including fields that
+  // are not used to resolve package imports.
+  for (const [key, value] of Object.entries({
+    name: 'after',
+    main: './other.js',
+    type: 'commonjs',
+    imports: { '#dep': './other.js' },
+    exports: ['./other.js'],
+  })) {
+    config[key] = value;
+    readConfig();
+  }
+
+  const beforePurge = getPackageScopeConfig(url);
+  volume.unmount();
+  assert.strictEqual(volume.mount(), mountPoint);
+  const afterPurge = getPackageScopeConfig(url);
+  assert.deepStrictEqual(afterPurge, beforePurge);
+  assert.notStrictEqual(afterPurge.exports, beforePurge.exports);
+
+  config.exports = './direct.js';
+  readConfig();
+  delete config.imports;
+  assert.strictEqual(readConfig().imports, undefined);
+  delete config.exports;
+  assert.strictEqual(readConfig().exports, undefined);
+
+  // A warm cache must not hide parse errors or a removed package.json.
+  volume.writeFileSync(packagePath, '{');
+  assert.throws(() => getPackageScopeConfig(url), { code: 'ERR_INVALID_PACKAGE_CONFIG' });
+  volume.unlinkSync(packagePath);
+  assert.strictEqual(getPackageScopeConfig(url).exists, false);
+} finally {
+  volume.unmount();
+}