diff --git a/CHANGELOG.md b/CHANGELOG.md index 14fb948..5fc5593 100644 --- a/CHANGELOG.md +++ b/CHANGELOG.md @@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ and this project adheres to [Semantic Versioning](https://semver.org/spec/v2.0.0 ### Changed - Encoding writes straight into the writer's buffer when there is room, with the writer marked `noalias`, which makes encoding about 26% faster on a string-heavy document and 14% on a small message - Integers are written straight into the writer's buffer, and strings shorter than 16 bytes are escaped inline, about another 5% on a string-heavy document and 8% on a small message +- Floats too long for the exact fast path, around 17 significant digits, are converted with Eisel-Lemire from the digits already collected instead of being parsed again by `std.fmt.parseFloat`, and fraction digits are read eight at a time, making decoding a float-heavy document about 20% faster ### Fixed - Structs with a few dozen fields failing to compile with "evaluation exceeded 1000 backwards branches" diff --git a/src/decimal_float.zig b/src/decimal_float.zig new file mode 100644 index 0000000..917a2a0 --- /dev/null +++ b/src/decimal_float.zig @@ -0,0 +1,968 @@ +//! Converts a decimal number already split into its significant digits and +//! power of ten - `mantissa * 10^exp10` - into the nearest f32 or f64. +//! +//! A parser that collects the digits as it scans the number can hand them +//! straight over, rather than handing over the text to be scanned a second +//! time. This file depends on nothing but `std`, so it can be lifted out as is. +//! +//! Two algorithms are tried in turn: +//! +//! - Clinger's fast path: when the mantissa and the power of ten are both +//! exactly representable, a single multiply or divide rounds once and is +//! therefore correctly rounded. +//! - Eisel-Lemire: multiply by a 128-bit approximation of the power of five, +//! and use the result if it is far enough from a halfway point to round +//! unambiguously. See Daniel Lemire, "Number Parsing at a Gigabyte per +//! Second", . +//! +//! Neither handles every input. `toFloat` returns null for the rare remainder, +//! and the caller then needs an exact (big-number) conversion of the text, +//! such as `std.fmt.parseFloat`. + +const std = @import("std"); + +/// Whether `toFloat` accepts `T`. +pub fn supports(comptime T: type) bool { + return T == f32 or T == f64; +} + +/// Returns `mantissa * 10^exp10` rounded to the nearest `T`, ties to even, +/// or null when that cannot be decided from these inputs alone. +/// +/// `truncated` says that the decimal had more digits than `mantissa` holds, +/// so its true value lies somewhere from `mantissa` up to `mantissa + 1` +/// (times `10^exp10`). The result is then returned only when both ends round +/// to the same float, since everything between them does too. +/// +/// The result is never negative; apply the sign afterwards, which is exact. +pub fn toFloat(comptime T: type, mantissa: u64, exp10: i64, truncated: bool) ?T { + comptime std.debug.assert(supports(T)); + const info = comptime Info.of(T); + + if (!truncated and mantissa <= info.max_exact_mantissa and + exp10 >= -info.max_exact_exp10 and exp10 <= info.max_exact_exp10) + { + @branchHint(.likely); + const m: T = @floatFromInt(mantissa); + const p: T = @floatCast(info.pow10[@intCast(@abs(exp10))]); + return if (exp10 >= 0) m * p else m / p; + } + + const bits = eiselLemire(T, mantissa, exp10) orelse return null; + if (truncated) { + // `mantissa + 1` cannot overflow: a truncated mantissa has at most 19 + // digits. + const upper = eiselLemire(T, mantissa + 1, exp10) orelse return null; + if (upper != bits) return null; + } + return @bitCast(bits); +} + +fn Bits(comptime T: type) type { + return switch (T) { + f32 => u32, + f64 => u64, + else => unreachable, + }; +} + +const Info = struct { + /// Clinger's fast path holds while both of these are exact in `T`. + max_exact_mantissa: u64, + max_exact_exp10: i64, + pow10: []const f64, + /// Explicitly stored mantissa bits. + mantissa_bits: comptime_int, + /// Exponent bias, negated and minus one: the binary exponent of the + /// smallest normal number is `minimum_exponent + 1`. + minimum_exponent: comptime_int, + /// Biased exponent of infinity. + infinite_power: comptime_int, + /// Below `10^smallest_power_of_ten` everything rounds to zero; above + /// `10^largest_power_of_ten` everything rounds to infinity. + smallest_power_of_ten: comptime_int, + largest_power_of_ten: comptime_int, + /// The range of `exp10` where a product can land exactly halfway between + /// two floats, so ties need breaking. + min_exponent_round_to_even: comptime_int, + max_exponent_round_to_even: comptime_int, + + fn of(comptime T: type) Info { + return switch (T) { + f64 => .{ + .max_exact_mantissa = 1 << 53, + .max_exact_exp10 = 22, + .pow10 = &pow10_f64, + .mantissa_bits = 52, + .minimum_exponent = -1023, + .infinite_power = 0x7ff, + .smallest_power_of_ten = -342, + .largest_power_of_ten = 308, + .min_exponent_round_to_even = -4, + .max_exponent_round_to_even = 23, + }, + f32 => .{ + .max_exact_mantissa = 1 << 24, + .max_exact_exp10 = 10, + .pow10 = &pow10_f32, + .mantissa_bits = 23, + .minimum_exponent = -127, + .infinite_power = 0xff, + .smallest_power_of_ten = -65, + .largest_power_of_ten = 38, + .min_exponent_round_to_even = -17, + .max_exponent_round_to_even = 10, + }, + else => unreachable, + }; + } +}; + +const pow10_f64 = [23]f64{ + 1e0, 1e1, 1e2, 1e3, 1e4, 1e5, 1e6, 1e7, 1e8, 1e9, 1e10, 1e11, + 1e12, 1e13, 1e14, 1e15, 1e16, 1e17, 1e18, 1e19, 1e20, 1e21, 1e22, +}; + +// Stored as f64 so both types share one table type; every entry is exact in +// f32 too, so narrowing it loses nothing. +const pow10_f32 = [11]f64{ 1e0, 1e1, 1e2, 1e3, 1e4, 1e5, 1e6, 1e7, 1e8, 1e9, 1e10 }; + +/// The Eisel-Lemire conversion, returning the bit pattern of the nearest `T`, +/// or null when the 128-bit approximation lands too close to a halfway point. +fn eiselLemire(comptime T: type, w: u64, q: i64) ?Bits(T) { + const info = comptime Info.of(T); + const inf_bits: Bits(T) = @as(Bits(T), info.infinite_power) << info.mantissa_bits; + + if (w == 0 or q < info.smallest_power_of_ten) return 0; + if (q > info.largest_power_of_ten) return inf_bits; + + // Normalize so the most significant bit is set. + const lz: u6 = @intCast(@clz(w)); + const wn = w << lz; + + // `wn * 5^q`, truncated to its top 128 bits. One multiply by the upper + // half of the power is enough unless the bits below the ones that matter + // are all set, where a carry from the lower half could still ripple up. + const precision = info.mantissa_bits + 3; + const mask: u64 = std.math.maxInt(u64) >> precision; + const pow5 = powers_of_five[@intCast(q - smallest_power_of_five)]; + var hi, var lo = mul(wn, pow5[0]); + if (hi & mask == mask) { + const lower_hi, _ = mul(wn, pow5[1]); + lo +%= lower_hi; + if (lower_hi > lo) hi += 1; + } + // The approximation fell short and the truncated tail may carry. That can + // only be decided exactly for `q` in [-27, 55], where the power of five + // fits the table entry with nothing cut off. + if (lo == std.math.maxInt(u64) and (q < -27 or q > 55)) return null; + + const upper_bit: u1 = @intCast(hi >> 63); + const shift: u6 = @intCast(@as(u7, upper_bit) + 64 - info.mantissa_bits - 3); + var mantissa = hi >> shift; + var power2: i32 = power(@intCast(q)) + upper_bit - lz - info.minimum_exponent; + + if (power2 <= 0) { + // Subnormal, or zero. + if (-power2 + 1 >= 64) return 0; + mantissa >>= @intCast(-power2 + 1); + mantissa += mantissa & 1; + mantissa >>= 1; + // Rounding up may have carried into the smallest normal number; the + // carried bit then sits exactly where the exponent's lowest bit goes. + return @intCast(mantissa); + } + + // Exactly halfway between two floats: round to even, which means not + // rounding up below. This can only happen when the product is exact (the + // low word is zero) and the bits shifted out are all zero. + if (lo <= 1 and + q >= info.min_exponent_round_to_even and + q <= info.max_exponent_round_to_even and + mantissa & 3 == 1 and + mantissa << shift == hi) + { + mantissa &= ~@as(u64, 1); + } + + mantissa += mantissa & 1; + mantissa >>= 1; + if (mantissa >= @as(u64, 2) << info.mantissa_bits) { + // Rounding carried out of the mantissa. + mantissa = @as(u64, 1) << info.mantissa_bits; + power2 += 1; + } + if (power2 >= info.infinite_power) return inf_bits; + + mantissa &= ~(@as(u64, 1) << info.mantissa_bits); + return @intCast(mantissa | @as(u64, @intCast(power2)) << info.mantissa_bits); +} + +/// `floor(log2(10^q)) + 63`, from a fixed-point approximation of log2(10) +/// (217706 / 2^16) that is exact over the table's range. +fn power(q: i32) i32 { + return ((q *% (152170 + 65536)) >> 16) + 63; +} + +fn mul(a: u64, b: u64) struct { u64, u64 } { + const x = @as(u128, a) * b; + return .{ @truncate(x >> 64), @truncate(x) }; +} + +const smallest_power_of_five = -342; + +/// `5^q` for q in [-342, 308], normalized so the top bit is set and truncated +/// to 128 bits, as `{ high word, low word }`. The values are those of the Zig +/// standard library's `std/fmt/parse_float/convert_eisel_lemire.zig`, which +/// derives from fast_float. +const powers_of_five = [_][2]u64{ + .{ 0xeef453d6923bd65a, 0x113faa2906a13b3f }, // 5^-342 + .{ 0x9558b4661b6565f8, 0x4ac7ca59a424c507 }, // 5^-341 + .{ 0xbaaee17fa23ebf76, 0x5d79bcf00d2df649 }, // 5^-340 + .{ 0xe95a99df8ace6f53, 0xf4d82c2c107973dc }, // 5^-339 + .{ 0x91d8a02bb6c10594, 0x79071b9b8a4be869 }, // 5^-338 + .{ 0xb64ec836a47146f9, 0x9748e2826cdee284 }, // 5^-337 + .{ 0xe3e27a444d8d98b7, 0xfd1b1b2308169b25 }, // 5^-336 + .{ 0x8e6d8c6ab0787f72, 0xfe30f0f5e50e20f7 }, // 5^-335 + .{ 0xb208ef855c969f4f, 0xbdbd2d335e51a935 }, // 5^-334 + .{ 0xde8b2b66b3bc4723, 0xad2c788035e61382 }, // 5^-333 + .{ 0x8b16fb203055ac76, 0x4c3bcb5021afcc31 }, // 5^-332 + .{ 0xaddcb9e83c6b1793, 0xdf4abe242a1bbf3d }, // 5^-331 + .{ 0xd953e8624b85dd78, 0xd71d6dad34a2af0d }, // 5^-330 + .{ 0x87d4713d6f33aa6b, 0x8672648c40e5ad68 }, // 5^-329 + .{ 0xa9c98d8ccb009506, 0x680efdaf511f18c2 }, // 5^-328 + .{ 0xd43bf0effdc0ba48, 0x212bd1b2566def2 }, // 5^-327 + .{ 0x84a57695fe98746d, 0x14bb630f7604b57 }, // 5^-326 + .{ 0xa5ced43b7e3e9188, 0x419ea3bd35385e2d }, // 5^-325 + .{ 0xcf42894a5dce35ea, 0x52064cac828675b9 }, // 5^-324 + .{ 0x818995ce7aa0e1b2, 0x7343efebd1940993 }, // 5^-323 + .{ 0xa1ebfb4219491a1f, 0x1014ebe6c5f90bf8 }, // 5^-322 + .{ 0xca66fa129f9b60a6, 0xd41a26e077774ef6 }, // 5^-321 + .{ 0xfd00b897478238d0, 0x8920b098955522b4 }, // 5^-320 + .{ 0x9e20735e8cb16382, 0x55b46e5f5d5535b0 }, // 5^-319 + .{ 0xc5a890362fddbc62, 0xeb2189f734aa831d }, // 5^-318 + .{ 0xf712b443bbd52b7b, 0xa5e9ec7501d523e4 }, // 5^-317 + .{ 0x9a6bb0aa55653b2d, 0x47b233c92125366e }, // 5^-316 + .{ 0xc1069cd4eabe89f8, 0x999ec0bb696e840a }, // 5^-315 + .{ 0xf148440a256e2c76, 0xc00670ea43ca250d }, // 5^-314 + .{ 0x96cd2a865764dbca, 0x380406926a5e5728 }, // 5^-313 + .{ 0xbc807527ed3e12bc, 0xc605083704f5ecf2 }, // 5^-312 + .{ 0xeba09271e88d976b, 0xf7864a44c633682e }, // 5^-311 + .{ 0x93445b8731587ea3, 0x7ab3ee6afbe0211d }, // 5^-310 + .{ 0xb8157268fdae9e4c, 0x5960ea05bad82964 }, // 5^-309 + .{ 0xe61acf033d1a45df, 0x6fb92487298e33bd }, // 5^-308 + .{ 0x8fd0c16206306bab, 0xa5d3b6d479f8e056 }, // 5^-307 + .{ 0xb3c4f1ba87bc8696, 0x8f48a4899877186c }, // 5^-306 + .{ 0xe0b62e2929aba83c, 0x331acdabfe94de87 }, // 5^-305 + .{ 0x8c71dcd9ba0b4925, 0x9ff0c08b7f1d0b14 }, // 5^-304 + .{ 0xaf8e5410288e1b6f, 0x7ecf0ae5ee44dd9 }, // 5^-303 + .{ 0xdb71e91432b1a24a, 0xc9e82cd9f69d6150 }, // 5^-302 + .{ 0x892731ac9faf056e, 0xbe311c083a225cd2 }, // 5^-301 + .{ 0xab70fe17c79ac6ca, 0x6dbd630a48aaf406 }, // 5^-300 + .{ 0xd64d3d9db981787d, 0x92cbbccdad5b108 }, // 5^-299 + .{ 0x85f0468293f0eb4e, 0x25bbf56008c58ea5 }, // 5^-298 + .{ 0xa76c582338ed2621, 0xaf2af2b80af6f24e }, // 5^-297 + .{ 0xd1476e2c07286faa, 0x1af5af660db4aee1 }, // 5^-296 + .{ 0x82cca4db847945ca, 0x50d98d9fc890ed4d }, // 5^-295 + .{ 0xa37fce126597973c, 0xe50ff107bab528a0 }, // 5^-294 + .{ 0xcc5fc196fefd7d0c, 0x1e53ed49a96272c8 }, // 5^-293 + .{ 0xff77b1fcbebcdc4f, 0x25e8e89c13bb0f7a }, // 5^-292 + .{ 0x9faacf3df73609b1, 0x77b191618c54e9ac }, // 5^-291 + .{ 0xc795830d75038c1d, 0xd59df5b9ef6a2417 }, // 5^-290 + .{ 0xf97ae3d0d2446f25, 0x4b0573286b44ad1d }, // 5^-289 + .{ 0x9becce62836ac577, 0x4ee367f9430aec32 }, // 5^-288 + .{ 0xc2e801fb244576d5, 0x229c41f793cda73f }, // 5^-287 + .{ 0xf3a20279ed56d48a, 0x6b43527578c1110f }, // 5^-286 + .{ 0x9845418c345644d6, 0x830a13896b78aaa9 }, // 5^-285 + .{ 0xbe5691ef416bd60c, 0x23cc986bc656d553 }, // 5^-284 + .{ 0xedec366b11c6cb8f, 0x2cbfbe86b7ec8aa8 }, // 5^-283 + .{ 0x94b3a202eb1c3f39, 0x7bf7d71432f3d6a9 }, // 5^-282 + .{ 0xb9e08a83a5e34f07, 0xdaf5ccd93fb0cc53 }, // 5^-281 + .{ 0xe858ad248f5c22c9, 0xd1b3400f8f9cff68 }, // 5^-280 + .{ 0x91376c36d99995be, 0x23100809b9c21fa1 }, // 5^-279 + .{ 0xb58547448ffffb2d, 0xabd40a0c2832a78a }, // 5^-278 + .{ 0xe2e69915b3fff9f9, 0x16c90c8f323f516c }, // 5^-277 + .{ 0x8dd01fad907ffc3b, 0xae3da7d97f6792e3 }, // 5^-276 + .{ 0xb1442798f49ffb4a, 0x99cd11cfdf41779c }, // 5^-275 + .{ 0xdd95317f31c7fa1d, 0x40405643d711d583 }, // 5^-274 + .{ 0x8a7d3eef7f1cfc52, 0x482835ea666b2572 }, // 5^-273 + .{ 0xad1c8eab5ee43b66, 0xda3243650005eecf }, // 5^-272 + .{ 0xd863b256369d4a40, 0x90bed43e40076a82 }, // 5^-271 + .{ 0x873e4f75e2224e68, 0x5a7744a6e804a291 }, // 5^-270 + .{ 0xa90de3535aaae202, 0x711515d0a205cb36 }, // 5^-269 + .{ 0xd3515c2831559a83, 0xd5a5b44ca873e03 }, // 5^-268 + .{ 0x8412d9991ed58091, 0xe858790afe9486c2 }, // 5^-267 + .{ 0xa5178fff668ae0b6, 0x626e974dbe39a872 }, // 5^-266 + .{ 0xce5d73ff402d98e3, 0xfb0a3d212dc8128f }, // 5^-265 + .{ 0x80fa687f881c7f8e, 0x7ce66634bc9d0b99 }, // 5^-264 + .{ 0xa139029f6a239f72, 0x1c1fffc1ebc44e80 }, // 5^-263 + .{ 0xc987434744ac874e, 0xa327ffb266b56220 }, // 5^-262 + .{ 0xfbe9141915d7a922, 0x4bf1ff9f0062baa8 }, // 5^-261 + .{ 0x9d71ac8fada6c9b5, 0x6f773fc3603db4a9 }, // 5^-260 + .{ 0xc4ce17b399107c22, 0xcb550fb4384d21d3 }, // 5^-259 + .{ 0xf6019da07f549b2b, 0x7e2a53a146606a48 }, // 5^-258 + .{ 0x99c102844f94e0fb, 0x2eda7444cbfc426d }, // 5^-257 + .{ 0xc0314325637a1939, 0xfa911155fefb5308 }, // 5^-256 + .{ 0xf03d93eebc589f88, 0x793555ab7eba27ca }, // 5^-255 + .{ 0x96267c7535b763b5, 0x4bc1558b2f3458de }, // 5^-254 + .{ 0xbbb01b9283253ca2, 0x9eb1aaedfb016f16 }, // 5^-253 + .{ 0xea9c227723ee8bcb, 0x465e15a979c1cadc }, // 5^-252 + .{ 0x92a1958a7675175f, 0xbfacd89ec191ec9 }, // 5^-251 + .{ 0xb749faed14125d36, 0xcef980ec671f667b }, // 5^-250 + .{ 0xe51c79a85916f484, 0x82b7e12780e7401a }, // 5^-249 + .{ 0x8f31cc0937ae58d2, 0xd1b2ecb8b0908810 }, // 5^-248 + .{ 0xb2fe3f0b8599ef07, 0x861fa7e6dcb4aa15 }, // 5^-247 + .{ 0xdfbdcece67006ac9, 0x67a791e093e1d49a }, // 5^-246 + .{ 0x8bd6a141006042bd, 0xe0c8bb2c5c6d24e0 }, // 5^-245 + .{ 0xaecc49914078536d, 0x58fae9f773886e18 }, // 5^-244 + .{ 0xda7f5bf590966848, 0xaf39a475506a899e }, // 5^-243 + .{ 0x888f99797a5e012d, 0x6d8406c952429603 }, // 5^-242 + .{ 0xaab37fd7d8f58178, 0xc8e5087ba6d33b83 }, // 5^-241 + .{ 0xd5605fcdcf32e1d6, 0xfb1e4a9a90880a64 }, // 5^-240 + .{ 0x855c3be0a17fcd26, 0x5cf2eea09a55067f }, // 5^-239 + .{ 0xa6b34ad8c9dfc06f, 0xf42faa48c0ea481e }, // 5^-238 + .{ 0xd0601d8efc57b08b, 0xf13b94daf124da26 }, // 5^-237 + .{ 0x823c12795db6ce57, 0x76c53d08d6b70858 }, // 5^-236 + .{ 0xa2cb1717b52481ed, 0x54768c4b0c64ca6e }, // 5^-235 + .{ 0xcb7ddcdda26da268, 0xa9942f5dcf7dfd09 }, // 5^-234 + .{ 0xfe5d54150b090b02, 0xd3f93b35435d7c4c }, // 5^-233 + .{ 0x9efa548d26e5a6e1, 0xc47bc5014a1a6daf }, // 5^-232 + .{ 0xc6b8e9b0709f109a, 0x359ab6419ca1091b }, // 5^-231 + .{ 0xf867241c8cc6d4c0, 0xc30163d203c94b62 }, // 5^-230 + .{ 0x9b407691d7fc44f8, 0x79e0de63425dcf1d }, // 5^-229 + .{ 0xc21094364dfb5636, 0x985915fc12f542e4 }, // 5^-228 + .{ 0xf294b943e17a2bc4, 0x3e6f5b7b17b2939d }, // 5^-227 + .{ 0x979cf3ca6cec5b5a, 0xa705992ceecf9c42 }, // 5^-226 + .{ 0xbd8430bd08277231, 0x50c6ff782a838353 }, // 5^-225 + .{ 0xece53cec4a314ebd, 0xa4f8bf5635246428 }, // 5^-224 + .{ 0x940f4613ae5ed136, 0x871b7795e136be99 }, // 5^-223 + .{ 0xb913179899f68584, 0x28e2557b59846e3f }, // 5^-222 + .{ 0xe757dd7ec07426e5, 0x331aeada2fe589cf }, // 5^-221 + .{ 0x9096ea6f3848984f, 0x3ff0d2c85def7621 }, // 5^-220 + .{ 0xb4bca50b065abe63, 0xfed077a756b53a9 }, // 5^-219 + .{ 0xe1ebce4dc7f16dfb, 0xd3e8495912c62894 }, // 5^-218 + .{ 0x8d3360f09cf6e4bd, 0x64712dd7abbbd95c }, // 5^-217 + .{ 0xb080392cc4349dec, 0xbd8d794d96aacfb3 }, // 5^-216 + .{ 0xdca04777f541c567, 0xecf0d7a0fc5583a0 }, // 5^-215 + .{ 0x89e42caaf9491b60, 0xf41686c49db57244 }, // 5^-214 + .{ 0xac5d37d5b79b6239, 0x311c2875c522ced5 }, // 5^-213 + .{ 0xd77485cb25823ac7, 0x7d633293366b828b }, // 5^-212 + .{ 0x86a8d39ef77164bc, 0xae5dff9c02033197 }, // 5^-211 + .{ 0xa8530886b54dbdeb, 0xd9f57f830283fdfc }, // 5^-210 + .{ 0xd267caa862a12d66, 0xd072df63c324fd7b }, // 5^-209 + .{ 0x8380dea93da4bc60, 0x4247cb9e59f71e6d }, // 5^-208 + .{ 0xa46116538d0deb78, 0x52d9be85f074e608 }, // 5^-207 + .{ 0xcd795be870516656, 0x67902e276c921f8b }, // 5^-206 + .{ 0x806bd9714632dff6, 0xba1cd8a3db53b6 }, // 5^-205 + .{ 0xa086cfcd97bf97f3, 0x80e8a40eccd228a4 }, // 5^-204 + .{ 0xc8a883c0fdaf7df0, 0x6122cd128006b2cd }, // 5^-203 + .{ 0xfad2a4b13d1b5d6c, 0x796b805720085f81 }, // 5^-202 + .{ 0x9cc3a6eec6311a63, 0xcbe3303674053bb0 }, // 5^-201 + .{ 0xc3f490aa77bd60fc, 0xbedbfc4411068a9c }, // 5^-200 + .{ 0xf4f1b4d515acb93b, 0xee92fb5515482d44 }, // 5^-199 + .{ 0x991711052d8bf3c5, 0x751bdd152d4d1c4a }, // 5^-198 + .{ 0xbf5cd54678eef0b6, 0xd262d45a78a0635d }, // 5^-197 + .{ 0xef340a98172aace4, 0x86fb897116c87c34 }, // 5^-196 + .{ 0x9580869f0e7aac0e, 0xd45d35e6ae3d4da0 }, // 5^-195 + .{ 0xbae0a846d2195712, 0x8974836059cca109 }, // 5^-194 + .{ 0xe998d258869facd7, 0x2bd1a438703fc94b }, // 5^-193 + .{ 0x91ff83775423cc06, 0x7b6306a34627ddcf }, // 5^-192 + .{ 0xb67f6455292cbf08, 0x1a3bc84c17b1d542 }, // 5^-191 + .{ 0xe41f3d6a7377eeca, 0x20caba5f1d9e4a93 }, // 5^-190 + .{ 0x8e938662882af53e, 0x547eb47b7282ee9c }, // 5^-189 + .{ 0xb23867fb2a35b28d, 0xe99e619a4f23aa43 }, // 5^-188 + .{ 0xdec681f9f4c31f31, 0x6405fa00e2ec94d4 }, // 5^-187 + .{ 0x8b3c113c38f9f37e, 0xde83bc408dd3dd04 }, // 5^-186 + .{ 0xae0b158b4738705e, 0x9624ab50b148d445 }, // 5^-185 + .{ 0xd98ddaee19068c76, 0x3badd624dd9b0957 }, // 5^-184 + .{ 0x87f8a8d4cfa417c9, 0xe54ca5d70a80e5d6 }, // 5^-183 + .{ 0xa9f6d30a038d1dbc, 0x5e9fcf4ccd211f4c }, // 5^-182 + .{ 0xd47487cc8470652b, 0x7647c3200069671f }, // 5^-181 + .{ 0x84c8d4dfd2c63f3b, 0x29ecd9f40041e073 }, // 5^-180 + .{ 0xa5fb0a17c777cf09, 0xf468107100525890 }, // 5^-179 + .{ 0xcf79cc9db955c2cc, 0x7182148d4066eeb4 }, // 5^-178 + .{ 0x81ac1fe293d599bf, 0xc6f14cd848405530 }, // 5^-177 + .{ 0xa21727db38cb002f, 0xb8ada00e5a506a7c }, // 5^-176 + .{ 0xca9cf1d206fdc03b, 0xa6d90811f0e4851c }, // 5^-175 + .{ 0xfd442e4688bd304a, 0x908f4a166d1da663 }, // 5^-174 + .{ 0x9e4a9cec15763e2e, 0x9a598e4e043287fe }, // 5^-173 + .{ 0xc5dd44271ad3cdba, 0x40eff1e1853f29fd }, // 5^-172 + .{ 0xf7549530e188c128, 0xd12bee59e68ef47c }, // 5^-171 + .{ 0x9a94dd3e8cf578b9, 0x82bb74f8301958ce }, // 5^-170 + .{ 0xc13a148e3032d6e7, 0xe36a52363c1faf01 }, // 5^-169 + .{ 0xf18899b1bc3f8ca1, 0xdc44e6c3cb279ac1 }, // 5^-168 + .{ 0x96f5600f15a7b7e5, 0x29ab103a5ef8c0b9 }, // 5^-167 + .{ 0xbcb2b812db11a5de, 0x7415d448f6b6f0e7 }, // 5^-166 + .{ 0xebdf661791d60f56, 0x111b495b3464ad21 }, // 5^-165 + .{ 0x936b9fcebb25c995, 0xcab10dd900beec34 }, // 5^-164 + .{ 0xb84687c269ef3bfb, 0x3d5d514f40eea742 }, // 5^-163 + .{ 0xe65829b3046b0afa, 0xcb4a5a3112a5112 }, // 5^-162 + .{ 0x8ff71a0fe2c2e6dc, 0x47f0e785eaba72ab }, // 5^-161 + .{ 0xb3f4e093db73a093, 0x59ed216765690f56 }, // 5^-160 + .{ 0xe0f218b8d25088b8, 0x306869c13ec3532c }, // 5^-159 + .{ 0x8c974f7383725573, 0x1e414218c73a13fb }, // 5^-158 + .{ 0xafbd2350644eeacf, 0xe5d1929ef90898fa }, // 5^-157 + .{ 0xdbac6c247d62a583, 0xdf45f746b74abf39 }, // 5^-156 + .{ 0x894bc396ce5da772, 0x6b8bba8c328eb783 }, // 5^-155 + .{ 0xab9eb47c81f5114f, 0x66ea92f3f326564 }, // 5^-154 + .{ 0xd686619ba27255a2, 0xc80a537b0efefebd }, // 5^-153 + .{ 0x8613fd0145877585, 0xbd06742ce95f5f36 }, // 5^-152 + .{ 0xa798fc4196e952e7, 0x2c48113823b73704 }, // 5^-151 + .{ 0xd17f3b51fca3a7a0, 0xf75a15862ca504c5 }, // 5^-150 + .{ 0x82ef85133de648c4, 0x9a984d73dbe722fb }, // 5^-149 + .{ 0xa3ab66580d5fdaf5, 0xc13e60d0d2e0ebba }, // 5^-148 + .{ 0xcc963fee10b7d1b3, 0x318df905079926a8 }, // 5^-147 + .{ 0xffbbcfe994e5c61f, 0xfdf17746497f7052 }, // 5^-146 + .{ 0x9fd561f1fd0f9bd3, 0xfeb6ea8bedefa633 }, // 5^-145 + .{ 0xc7caba6e7c5382c8, 0xfe64a52ee96b8fc0 }, // 5^-144 + .{ 0xf9bd690a1b68637b, 0x3dfdce7aa3c673b0 }, // 5^-143 + .{ 0x9c1661a651213e2d, 0x6bea10ca65c084e }, // 5^-142 + .{ 0xc31bfa0fe5698db8, 0x486e494fcff30a62 }, // 5^-141 + .{ 0xf3e2f893dec3f126, 0x5a89dba3c3efccfa }, // 5^-140 + .{ 0x986ddb5c6b3a76b7, 0xf89629465a75e01c }, // 5^-139 + .{ 0xbe89523386091465, 0xf6bbb397f1135823 }, // 5^-138 + .{ 0xee2ba6c0678b597f, 0x746aa07ded582e2c }, // 5^-137 + .{ 0x94db483840b717ef, 0xa8c2a44eb4571cdc }, // 5^-136 + .{ 0xba121a4650e4ddeb, 0x92f34d62616ce413 }, // 5^-135 + .{ 0xe896a0d7e51e1566, 0x77b020baf9c81d17 }, // 5^-134 + .{ 0x915e2486ef32cd60, 0xace1474dc1d122e }, // 5^-133 + .{ 0xb5b5ada8aaff80b8, 0xd819992132456ba }, // 5^-132 + .{ 0xe3231912d5bf60e6, 0x10e1fff697ed6c69 }, // 5^-131 + .{ 0x8df5efabc5979c8f, 0xca8d3ffa1ef463c1 }, // 5^-130 + .{ 0xb1736b96b6fd83b3, 0xbd308ff8a6b17cb2 }, // 5^-129 + .{ 0xddd0467c64bce4a0, 0xac7cb3f6d05ddbde }, // 5^-128 + .{ 0x8aa22c0dbef60ee4, 0x6bcdf07a423aa96b }, // 5^-127 + .{ 0xad4ab7112eb3929d, 0x86c16c98d2c953c6 }, // 5^-126 + .{ 0xd89d64d57a607744, 0xe871c7bf077ba8b7 }, // 5^-125 + .{ 0x87625f056c7c4a8b, 0x11471cd764ad4972 }, // 5^-124 + .{ 0xa93af6c6c79b5d2d, 0xd598e40d3dd89bcf }, // 5^-123 + .{ 0xd389b47879823479, 0x4aff1d108d4ec2c3 }, // 5^-122 + .{ 0x843610cb4bf160cb, 0xcedf722a585139ba }, // 5^-121 + .{ 0xa54394fe1eedb8fe, 0xc2974eb4ee658828 }, // 5^-120 + .{ 0xce947a3da6a9273e, 0x733d226229feea32 }, // 5^-119 + .{ 0x811ccc668829b887, 0x806357d5a3f525f }, // 5^-118 + .{ 0xa163ff802a3426a8, 0xca07c2dcb0cf26f7 }, // 5^-117 + .{ 0xc9bcff6034c13052, 0xfc89b393dd02f0b5 }, // 5^-116 + .{ 0xfc2c3f3841f17c67, 0xbbac2078d443ace2 }, // 5^-115 + .{ 0x9d9ba7832936edc0, 0xd54b944b84aa4c0d }, // 5^-114 + .{ 0xc5029163f384a931, 0xa9e795e65d4df11 }, // 5^-113 + .{ 0xf64335bcf065d37d, 0x4d4617b5ff4a16d5 }, // 5^-112 + .{ 0x99ea0196163fa42e, 0x504bced1bf8e4e45 }, // 5^-111 + .{ 0xc06481fb9bcf8d39, 0xe45ec2862f71e1d6 }, // 5^-110 + .{ 0xf07da27a82c37088, 0x5d767327bb4e5a4c }, // 5^-109 + .{ 0x964e858c91ba2655, 0x3a6a07f8d510f86f }, // 5^-108 + .{ 0xbbe226efb628afea, 0x890489f70a55368b }, // 5^-107 + .{ 0xeadab0aba3b2dbe5, 0x2b45ac74ccea842e }, // 5^-106 + .{ 0x92c8ae6b464fc96f, 0x3b0b8bc90012929d }, // 5^-105 + .{ 0xb77ada0617e3bbcb, 0x9ce6ebb40173744 }, // 5^-104 + .{ 0xe55990879ddcaabd, 0xcc420a6a101d0515 }, // 5^-103 + .{ 0x8f57fa54c2a9eab6, 0x9fa946824a12232d }, // 5^-102 + .{ 0xb32df8e9f3546564, 0x47939822dc96abf9 }, // 5^-101 + .{ 0xdff9772470297ebd, 0x59787e2b93bc56f7 }, // 5^-100 + .{ 0x8bfbea76c619ef36, 0x57eb4edb3c55b65a }, // 5^-99 + .{ 0xaefae51477a06b03, 0xede622920b6b23f1 }, // 5^-98 + .{ 0xdab99e59958885c4, 0xe95fab368e45eced }, // 5^-97 + .{ 0x88b402f7fd75539b, 0x11dbcb0218ebb414 }, // 5^-96 + .{ 0xaae103b5fcd2a881, 0xd652bdc29f26a119 }, // 5^-95 + .{ 0xd59944a37c0752a2, 0x4be76d3346f0495f }, // 5^-94 + .{ 0x857fcae62d8493a5, 0x6f70a4400c562ddb }, // 5^-93 + .{ 0xa6dfbd9fb8e5b88e, 0xcb4ccd500f6bb952 }, // 5^-92 + .{ 0xd097ad07a71f26b2, 0x7e2000a41346a7a7 }, // 5^-91 + .{ 0x825ecc24c873782f, 0x8ed400668c0c28c8 }, // 5^-90 + .{ 0xa2f67f2dfa90563b, 0x728900802f0f32fa }, // 5^-89 + .{ 0xcbb41ef979346bca, 0x4f2b40a03ad2ffb9 }, // 5^-88 + .{ 0xfea126b7d78186bc, 0xe2f610c84987bfa8 }, // 5^-87 + .{ 0x9f24b832e6b0f436, 0xdd9ca7d2df4d7c9 }, // 5^-86 + .{ 0xc6ede63fa05d3143, 0x91503d1c79720dbb }, // 5^-85 + .{ 0xf8a95fcf88747d94, 0x75a44c6397ce912a }, // 5^-84 + .{ 0x9b69dbe1b548ce7c, 0xc986afbe3ee11aba }, // 5^-83 + .{ 0xc24452da229b021b, 0xfbe85badce996168 }, // 5^-82 + .{ 0xf2d56790ab41c2a2, 0xfae27299423fb9c3 }, // 5^-81 + .{ 0x97c560ba6b0919a5, 0xdccd879fc967d41a }, // 5^-80 + .{ 0xbdb6b8e905cb600f, 0x5400e987bbc1c920 }, // 5^-79 + .{ 0xed246723473e3813, 0x290123e9aab23b68 }, // 5^-78 + .{ 0x9436c0760c86e30b, 0xf9a0b6720aaf6521 }, // 5^-77 + .{ 0xb94470938fa89bce, 0xf808e40e8d5b3e69 }, // 5^-76 + .{ 0xe7958cb87392c2c2, 0xb60b1d1230b20e04 }, // 5^-75 + .{ 0x90bd77f3483bb9b9, 0xb1c6f22b5e6f48c2 }, // 5^-74 + .{ 0xb4ecd5f01a4aa828, 0x1e38aeb6360b1af3 }, // 5^-73 + .{ 0xe2280b6c20dd5232, 0x25c6da63c38de1b0 }, // 5^-72 + .{ 0x8d590723948a535f, 0x579c487e5a38ad0e }, // 5^-71 + .{ 0xb0af48ec79ace837, 0x2d835a9df0c6d851 }, // 5^-70 + .{ 0xdcdb1b2798182244, 0xf8e431456cf88e65 }, // 5^-69 + .{ 0x8a08f0f8bf0f156b, 0x1b8e9ecb641b58ff }, // 5^-68 + .{ 0xac8b2d36eed2dac5, 0xe272467e3d222f3f }, // 5^-67 + .{ 0xd7adf884aa879177, 0x5b0ed81dcc6abb0f }, // 5^-66 + .{ 0x86ccbb52ea94baea, 0x98e947129fc2b4e9 }, // 5^-65 + .{ 0xa87fea27a539e9a5, 0x3f2398d747b36224 }, // 5^-64 + .{ 0xd29fe4b18e88640e, 0x8eec7f0d19a03aad }, // 5^-63 + .{ 0x83a3eeeef9153e89, 0x1953cf68300424ac }, // 5^-62 + .{ 0xa48ceaaab75a8e2b, 0x5fa8c3423c052dd7 }, // 5^-61 + .{ 0xcdb02555653131b6, 0x3792f412cb06794d }, // 5^-60 + .{ 0x808e17555f3ebf11, 0xe2bbd88bbee40bd0 }, // 5^-59 + .{ 0xa0b19d2ab70e6ed6, 0x5b6aceaeae9d0ec4 }, // 5^-58 + .{ 0xc8de047564d20a8b, 0xf245825a5a445275 }, // 5^-57 + .{ 0xfb158592be068d2e, 0xeed6e2f0f0d56712 }, // 5^-56 + .{ 0x9ced737bb6c4183d, 0x55464dd69685606b }, // 5^-55 + .{ 0xc428d05aa4751e4c, 0xaa97e14c3c26b886 }, // 5^-54 + .{ 0xf53304714d9265df, 0xd53dd99f4b3066a8 }, // 5^-53 + .{ 0x993fe2c6d07b7fab, 0xe546a8038efe4029 }, // 5^-52 + .{ 0xbf8fdb78849a5f96, 0xde98520472bdd033 }, // 5^-51 + .{ 0xef73d256a5c0f77c, 0x963e66858f6d4440 }, // 5^-50 + .{ 0x95a8637627989aad, 0xdde7001379a44aa8 }, // 5^-49 + .{ 0xbb127c53b17ec159, 0x5560c018580d5d52 }, // 5^-48 + .{ 0xe9d71b689dde71af, 0xaab8f01e6e10b4a6 }, // 5^-47 + .{ 0x9226712162ab070d, 0xcab3961304ca70e8 }, // 5^-46 + .{ 0xb6b00d69bb55c8d1, 0x3d607b97c5fd0d22 }, // 5^-45 + .{ 0xe45c10c42a2b3b05, 0x8cb89a7db77c506a }, // 5^-44 + .{ 0x8eb98a7a9a5b04e3, 0x77f3608e92adb242 }, // 5^-43 + .{ 0xb267ed1940f1c61c, 0x55f038b237591ed3 }, // 5^-42 + .{ 0xdf01e85f912e37a3, 0x6b6c46dec52f6688 }, // 5^-41 + .{ 0x8b61313bbabce2c6, 0x2323ac4b3b3da015 }, // 5^-40 + .{ 0xae397d8aa96c1b77, 0xabec975e0a0d081a }, // 5^-39 + .{ 0xd9c7dced53c72255, 0x96e7bd358c904a21 }, // 5^-38 + .{ 0x881cea14545c7575, 0x7e50d64177da2e54 }, // 5^-37 + .{ 0xaa242499697392d2, 0xdde50bd1d5d0b9e9 }, // 5^-36 + .{ 0xd4ad2dbfc3d07787, 0x955e4ec64b44e864 }, // 5^-35 + .{ 0x84ec3c97da624ab4, 0xbd5af13bef0b113e }, // 5^-34 + .{ 0xa6274bbdd0fadd61, 0xecb1ad8aeacdd58e }, // 5^-33 + .{ 0xcfb11ead453994ba, 0x67de18eda5814af2 }, // 5^-32 + .{ 0x81ceb32c4b43fcf4, 0x80eacf948770ced7 }, // 5^-31 + .{ 0xa2425ff75e14fc31, 0xa1258379a94d028d }, // 5^-30 + .{ 0xcad2f7f5359a3b3e, 0x96ee45813a04330 }, // 5^-29 + .{ 0xfd87b5f28300ca0d, 0x8bca9d6e188853fc }, // 5^-28 + .{ 0x9e74d1b791e07e48, 0x775ea264cf55347e }, // 5^-27 + .{ 0xc612062576589dda, 0x95364afe032a819e }, // 5^-26 + .{ 0xf79687aed3eec551, 0x3a83ddbd83f52205 }, // 5^-25 + .{ 0x9abe14cd44753b52, 0xc4926a9672793543 }, // 5^-24 + .{ 0xc16d9a0095928a27, 0x75b7053c0f178294 }, // 5^-23 + .{ 0xf1c90080baf72cb1, 0x5324c68b12dd6339 }, // 5^-22 + .{ 0x971da05074da7bee, 0xd3f6fc16ebca5e04 }, // 5^-21 + .{ 0xbce5086492111aea, 0x88f4bb1ca6bcf585 }, // 5^-20 + .{ 0xec1e4a7db69561a5, 0x2b31e9e3d06c32e6 }, // 5^-19 + .{ 0x9392ee8e921d5d07, 0x3aff322e62439fd0 }, // 5^-18 + .{ 0xb877aa3236a4b449, 0x9befeb9fad487c3 }, // 5^-17 + .{ 0xe69594bec44de15b, 0x4c2ebe687989a9b4 }, // 5^-16 + .{ 0x901d7cf73ab0acd9, 0xf9d37014bf60a11 }, // 5^-15 + .{ 0xb424dc35095cd80f, 0x538484c19ef38c95 }, // 5^-14 + .{ 0xe12e13424bb40e13, 0x2865a5f206b06fba }, // 5^-13 + .{ 0x8cbccc096f5088cb, 0xf93f87b7442e45d4 }, // 5^-12 + .{ 0xafebff0bcb24aafe, 0xf78f69a51539d749 }, // 5^-11 + .{ 0xdbe6fecebdedd5be, 0xb573440e5a884d1c }, // 5^-10 + .{ 0x89705f4136b4a597, 0x31680a88f8953031 }, // 5^-9 + .{ 0xabcc77118461cefc, 0xfdc20d2b36ba7c3e }, // 5^-8 + .{ 0xd6bf94d5e57a42bc, 0x3d32907604691b4d }, // 5^-7 + .{ 0x8637bd05af6c69b5, 0xa63f9a49c2c1b110 }, // 5^-6 + .{ 0xa7c5ac471b478423, 0xfcf80dc33721d54 }, // 5^-5 + .{ 0xd1b71758e219652b, 0xd3c36113404ea4a9 }, // 5^-4 + .{ 0x83126e978d4fdf3b, 0x645a1cac083126ea }, // 5^-3 + .{ 0xa3d70a3d70a3d70a, 0x3d70a3d70a3d70a4 }, // 5^-2 + .{ 0xcccccccccccccccc, 0xcccccccccccccccd }, // 5^-1 + .{ 0x8000000000000000, 0x0 }, // 5^0 + .{ 0xa000000000000000, 0x0 }, // 5^1 + .{ 0xc800000000000000, 0x0 }, // 5^2 + .{ 0xfa00000000000000, 0x0 }, // 5^3 + .{ 0x9c40000000000000, 0x0 }, // 5^4 + .{ 0xc350000000000000, 0x0 }, // 5^5 + .{ 0xf424000000000000, 0x0 }, // 5^6 + .{ 0x9896800000000000, 0x0 }, // 5^7 + .{ 0xbebc200000000000, 0x0 }, // 5^8 + .{ 0xee6b280000000000, 0x0 }, // 5^9 + .{ 0x9502f90000000000, 0x0 }, // 5^10 + .{ 0xba43b74000000000, 0x0 }, // 5^11 + .{ 0xe8d4a51000000000, 0x0 }, // 5^12 + .{ 0x9184e72a00000000, 0x0 }, // 5^13 + .{ 0xb5e620f480000000, 0x0 }, // 5^14 + .{ 0xe35fa931a0000000, 0x0 }, // 5^15 + .{ 0x8e1bc9bf04000000, 0x0 }, // 5^16 + .{ 0xb1a2bc2ec5000000, 0x0 }, // 5^17 + .{ 0xde0b6b3a76400000, 0x0 }, // 5^18 + .{ 0x8ac7230489e80000, 0x0 }, // 5^19 + .{ 0xad78ebc5ac620000, 0x0 }, // 5^20 + .{ 0xd8d726b7177a8000, 0x0 }, // 5^21 + .{ 0x878678326eac9000, 0x0 }, // 5^22 + .{ 0xa968163f0a57b400, 0x0 }, // 5^23 + .{ 0xd3c21bcecceda100, 0x0 }, // 5^24 + .{ 0x84595161401484a0, 0x0 }, // 5^25 + .{ 0xa56fa5b99019a5c8, 0x0 }, // 5^26 + .{ 0xcecb8f27f4200f3a, 0x0 }, // 5^27 + .{ 0x813f3978f8940984, 0x4000000000000000 }, // 5^28 + .{ 0xa18f07d736b90be5, 0x5000000000000000 }, // 5^29 + .{ 0xc9f2c9cd04674ede, 0xa400000000000000 }, // 5^30 + .{ 0xfc6f7c4045812296, 0x4d00000000000000 }, // 5^31 + .{ 0x9dc5ada82b70b59d, 0xf020000000000000 }, // 5^32 + .{ 0xc5371912364ce305, 0x6c28000000000000 }, // 5^33 + .{ 0xf684df56c3e01bc6, 0xc732000000000000 }, // 5^34 + .{ 0x9a130b963a6c115c, 0x3c7f400000000000 }, // 5^35 + .{ 0xc097ce7bc90715b3, 0x4b9f100000000000 }, // 5^36 + .{ 0xf0bdc21abb48db20, 0x1e86d40000000000 }, // 5^37 + .{ 0x96769950b50d88f4, 0x1314448000000000 }, // 5^38 + .{ 0xbc143fa4e250eb31, 0x17d955a000000000 }, // 5^39 + .{ 0xeb194f8e1ae525fd, 0x5dcfab0800000000 }, // 5^40 + .{ 0x92efd1b8d0cf37be, 0x5aa1cae500000000 }, // 5^41 + .{ 0xb7abc627050305ad, 0xf14a3d9e40000000 }, // 5^42 + .{ 0xe596b7b0c643c719, 0x6d9ccd05d0000000 }, // 5^43 + .{ 0x8f7e32ce7bea5c6f, 0xe4820023a2000000 }, // 5^44 + .{ 0xb35dbf821ae4f38b, 0xdda2802c8a800000 }, // 5^45 + .{ 0xe0352f62a19e306e, 0xd50b2037ad200000 }, // 5^46 + .{ 0x8c213d9da502de45, 0x4526f422cc340000 }, // 5^47 + .{ 0xaf298d050e4395d6, 0x9670b12b7f410000 }, // 5^48 + .{ 0xdaf3f04651d47b4c, 0x3c0cdd765f114000 }, // 5^49 + .{ 0x88d8762bf324cd0f, 0xa5880a69fb6ac800 }, // 5^50 + .{ 0xab0e93b6efee0053, 0x8eea0d047a457a00 }, // 5^51 + .{ 0xd5d238a4abe98068, 0x72a4904598d6d880 }, // 5^52 + .{ 0x85a36366eb71f041, 0x47a6da2b7f864750 }, // 5^53 + .{ 0xa70c3c40a64e6c51, 0x999090b65f67d924 }, // 5^54 + .{ 0xd0cf4b50cfe20765, 0xfff4b4e3f741cf6d }, // 5^55 + .{ 0x82818f1281ed449f, 0xbff8f10e7a8921a4 }, // 5^56 + .{ 0xa321f2d7226895c7, 0xaff72d52192b6a0d }, // 5^57 + .{ 0xcbea6f8ceb02bb39, 0x9bf4f8a69f764490 }, // 5^58 + .{ 0xfee50b7025c36a08, 0x2f236d04753d5b4 }, // 5^59 + .{ 0x9f4f2726179a2245, 0x1d762422c946590 }, // 5^60 + .{ 0xc722f0ef9d80aad6, 0x424d3ad2b7b97ef5 }, // 5^61 + .{ 0xf8ebad2b84e0d58b, 0xd2e0898765a7deb2 }, // 5^62 + .{ 0x9b934c3b330c8577, 0x63cc55f49f88eb2f }, // 5^63 + .{ 0xc2781f49ffcfa6d5, 0x3cbf6b71c76b25fb }, // 5^64 + .{ 0xf316271c7fc3908a, 0x8bef464e3945ef7a }, // 5^65 + .{ 0x97edd871cfda3a56, 0x97758bf0e3cbb5ac }, // 5^66 + .{ 0xbde94e8e43d0c8ec, 0x3d52eeed1cbea317 }, // 5^67 + .{ 0xed63a231d4c4fb27, 0x4ca7aaa863ee4bdd }, // 5^68 + .{ 0x945e455f24fb1cf8, 0x8fe8caa93e74ef6a }, // 5^69 + .{ 0xb975d6b6ee39e436, 0xb3e2fd538e122b44 }, // 5^70 + .{ 0xe7d34c64a9c85d44, 0x60dbbca87196b616 }, // 5^71 + .{ 0x90e40fbeea1d3a4a, 0xbc8955e946fe31cd }, // 5^72 + .{ 0xb51d13aea4a488dd, 0x6babab6398bdbe41 }, // 5^73 + .{ 0xe264589a4dcdab14, 0xc696963c7eed2dd1 }, // 5^74 + .{ 0x8d7eb76070a08aec, 0xfc1e1de5cf543ca2 }, // 5^75 + .{ 0xb0de65388cc8ada8, 0x3b25a55f43294bcb }, // 5^76 + .{ 0xdd15fe86affad912, 0x49ef0eb713f39ebe }, // 5^77 + .{ 0x8a2dbf142dfcc7ab, 0x6e3569326c784337 }, // 5^78 + .{ 0xacb92ed9397bf996, 0x49c2c37f07965404 }, // 5^79 + .{ 0xd7e77a8f87daf7fb, 0xdc33745ec97be906 }, // 5^80 + .{ 0x86f0ac99b4e8dafd, 0x69a028bb3ded71a3 }, // 5^81 + .{ 0xa8acd7c0222311bc, 0xc40832ea0d68ce0c }, // 5^82 + .{ 0xd2d80db02aabd62b, 0xf50a3fa490c30190 }, // 5^83 + .{ 0x83c7088e1aab65db, 0x792667c6da79e0fa }, // 5^84 + .{ 0xa4b8cab1a1563f52, 0x577001b891185938 }, // 5^85 + .{ 0xcde6fd5e09abcf26, 0xed4c0226b55e6f86 }, // 5^86 + .{ 0x80b05e5ac60b6178, 0x544f8158315b05b4 }, // 5^87 + .{ 0xa0dc75f1778e39d6, 0x696361ae3db1c721 }, // 5^88 + .{ 0xc913936dd571c84c, 0x3bc3a19cd1e38e9 }, // 5^89 + .{ 0xfb5878494ace3a5f, 0x4ab48a04065c723 }, // 5^90 + .{ 0x9d174b2dcec0e47b, 0x62eb0d64283f9c76 }, // 5^91 + .{ 0xc45d1df942711d9a, 0x3ba5d0bd324f8394 }, // 5^92 + .{ 0xf5746577930d6500, 0xca8f44ec7ee36479 }, // 5^93 + .{ 0x9968bf6abbe85f20, 0x7e998b13cf4e1ecb }, // 5^94 + .{ 0xbfc2ef456ae276e8, 0x9e3fedd8c321a67e }, // 5^95 + .{ 0xefb3ab16c59b14a2, 0xc5cfe94ef3ea101e }, // 5^96 + .{ 0x95d04aee3b80ece5, 0xbba1f1d158724a12 }, // 5^97 + .{ 0xbb445da9ca61281f, 0x2a8a6e45ae8edc97 }, // 5^98 + .{ 0xea1575143cf97226, 0xf52d09d71a3293bd }, // 5^99 + .{ 0x924d692ca61be758, 0x593c2626705f9c56 }, // 5^100 + .{ 0xb6e0c377cfa2e12e, 0x6f8b2fb00c77836c }, // 5^101 + .{ 0xe498f455c38b997a, 0xb6dfb9c0f956447 }, // 5^102 + .{ 0x8edf98b59a373fec, 0x4724bd4189bd5eac }, // 5^103 + .{ 0xb2977ee300c50fe7, 0x58edec91ec2cb657 }, // 5^104 + .{ 0xdf3d5e9bc0f653e1, 0x2f2967b66737e3ed }, // 5^105 + .{ 0x8b865b215899f46c, 0xbd79e0d20082ee74 }, // 5^106 + .{ 0xae67f1e9aec07187, 0xecd8590680a3aa11 }, // 5^107 + .{ 0xda01ee641a708de9, 0xe80e6f4820cc9495 }, // 5^108 + .{ 0x884134fe908658b2, 0x3109058d147fdcdd }, // 5^109 + .{ 0xaa51823e34a7eede, 0xbd4b46f0599fd415 }, // 5^110 + .{ 0xd4e5e2cdc1d1ea96, 0x6c9e18ac7007c91a }, // 5^111 + .{ 0x850fadc09923329e, 0x3e2cf6bc604ddb0 }, // 5^112 + .{ 0xa6539930bf6bff45, 0x84db8346b786151c }, // 5^113 + .{ 0xcfe87f7cef46ff16, 0xe612641865679a63 }, // 5^114 + .{ 0x81f14fae158c5f6e, 0x4fcb7e8f3f60c07e }, // 5^115 + .{ 0xa26da3999aef7749, 0xe3be5e330f38f09d }, // 5^116 + .{ 0xcb090c8001ab551c, 0x5cadf5bfd3072cc5 }, // 5^117 + .{ 0xfdcb4fa002162a63, 0x73d9732fc7c8f7f6 }, // 5^118 + .{ 0x9e9f11c4014dda7e, 0x2867e7fddcdd9afa }, // 5^119 + .{ 0xc646d63501a1511d, 0xb281e1fd541501b8 }, // 5^120 + .{ 0xf7d88bc24209a565, 0x1f225a7ca91a4226 }, // 5^121 + .{ 0x9ae757596946075f, 0x3375788de9b06958 }, // 5^122 + .{ 0xc1a12d2fc3978937, 0x52d6b1641c83ae }, // 5^123 + .{ 0xf209787bb47d6b84, 0xc0678c5dbd23a49a }, // 5^124 + .{ 0x9745eb4d50ce6332, 0xf840b7ba963646e0 }, // 5^125 + .{ 0xbd176620a501fbff, 0xb650e5a93bc3d898 }, // 5^126 + .{ 0xec5d3fa8ce427aff, 0xa3e51f138ab4cebe }, // 5^127 + .{ 0x93ba47c980e98cdf, 0xc66f336c36b10137 }, // 5^128 + .{ 0xb8a8d9bbe123f017, 0xb80b0047445d4184 }, // 5^129 + .{ 0xe6d3102ad96cec1d, 0xa60dc059157491e5 }, // 5^130 + .{ 0x9043ea1ac7e41392, 0x87c89837ad68db2f }, // 5^131 + .{ 0xb454e4a179dd1877, 0x29babe4598c311fb }, // 5^132 + .{ 0xe16a1dc9d8545e94, 0xf4296dd6fef3d67a }, // 5^133 + .{ 0x8ce2529e2734bb1d, 0x1899e4a65f58660c }, // 5^134 + .{ 0xb01ae745b101e9e4, 0x5ec05dcff72e7f8f }, // 5^135 + .{ 0xdc21a1171d42645d, 0x76707543f4fa1f73 }, // 5^136 + .{ 0x899504ae72497eba, 0x6a06494a791c53a8 }, // 5^137 + .{ 0xabfa45da0edbde69, 0x487db9d17636892 }, // 5^138 + .{ 0xd6f8d7509292d603, 0x45a9d2845d3c42b6 }, // 5^139 + .{ 0x865b86925b9bc5c2, 0xb8a2392ba45a9b2 }, // 5^140 + .{ 0xa7f26836f282b732, 0x8e6cac7768d7141e }, // 5^141 + .{ 0xd1ef0244af2364ff, 0x3207d795430cd926 }, // 5^142 + .{ 0x8335616aed761f1f, 0x7f44e6bd49e807b8 }, // 5^143 + .{ 0xa402b9c5a8d3a6e7, 0x5f16206c9c6209a6 }, // 5^144 + .{ 0xcd036837130890a1, 0x36dba887c37a8c0f }, // 5^145 + .{ 0x802221226be55a64, 0xc2494954da2c9789 }, // 5^146 + .{ 0xa02aa96b06deb0fd, 0xf2db9baa10b7bd6c }, // 5^147 + .{ 0xc83553c5c8965d3d, 0x6f92829494e5acc7 }, // 5^148 + .{ 0xfa42a8b73abbf48c, 0xcb772339ba1f17f9 }, // 5^149 + .{ 0x9c69a97284b578d7, 0xff2a760414536efb }, // 5^150 + .{ 0xc38413cf25e2d70d, 0xfef5138519684aba }, // 5^151 + .{ 0xf46518c2ef5b8cd1, 0x7eb258665fc25d69 }, // 5^152 + .{ 0x98bf2f79d5993802, 0xef2f773ffbd97a61 }, // 5^153 + .{ 0xbeeefb584aff8603, 0xaafb550ffacfd8fa }, // 5^154 + .{ 0xeeaaba2e5dbf6784, 0x95ba2a53f983cf38 }, // 5^155 + .{ 0x952ab45cfa97a0b2, 0xdd945a747bf26183 }, // 5^156 + .{ 0xba756174393d88df, 0x94f971119aeef9e4 }, // 5^157 + .{ 0xe912b9d1478ceb17, 0x7a37cd5601aab85d }, // 5^158 + .{ 0x91abb422ccb812ee, 0xac62e055c10ab33a }, // 5^159 + .{ 0xb616a12b7fe617aa, 0x577b986b314d6009 }, // 5^160 + .{ 0xe39c49765fdf9d94, 0xed5a7e85fda0b80b }, // 5^161 + .{ 0x8e41ade9fbebc27d, 0x14588f13be847307 }, // 5^162 + .{ 0xb1d219647ae6b31c, 0x596eb2d8ae258fc8 }, // 5^163 + .{ 0xde469fbd99a05fe3, 0x6fca5f8ed9aef3bb }, // 5^164 + .{ 0x8aec23d680043bee, 0x25de7bb9480d5854 }, // 5^165 + .{ 0xada72ccc20054ae9, 0xaf561aa79a10ae6a }, // 5^166 + .{ 0xd910f7ff28069da4, 0x1b2ba1518094da04 }, // 5^167 + .{ 0x87aa9aff79042286, 0x90fb44d2f05d0842 }, // 5^168 + .{ 0xa99541bf57452b28, 0x353a1607ac744a53 }, // 5^169 + .{ 0xd3fa922f2d1675f2, 0x42889b8997915ce8 }, // 5^170 + .{ 0x847c9b5d7c2e09b7, 0x69956135febada11 }, // 5^171 + .{ 0xa59bc234db398c25, 0x43fab9837e699095 }, // 5^172 + .{ 0xcf02b2c21207ef2e, 0x94f967e45e03f4bb }, // 5^173 + .{ 0x8161afb94b44f57d, 0x1d1be0eebac278f5 }, // 5^174 + .{ 0xa1ba1ba79e1632dc, 0x6462d92a69731732 }, // 5^175 + .{ 0xca28a291859bbf93, 0x7d7b8f7503cfdcfe }, // 5^176 + .{ 0xfcb2cb35e702af78, 0x5cda735244c3d43e }, // 5^177 + .{ 0x9defbf01b061adab, 0x3a0888136afa64a7 }, // 5^178 + .{ 0xc56baec21c7a1916, 0x88aaa1845b8fdd0 }, // 5^179 + .{ 0xf6c69a72a3989f5b, 0x8aad549e57273d45 }, // 5^180 + .{ 0x9a3c2087a63f6399, 0x36ac54e2f678864b }, // 5^181 + .{ 0xc0cb28a98fcf3c7f, 0x84576a1bb416a7dd }, // 5^182 + .{ 0xf0fdf2d3f3c30b9f, 0x656d44a2a11c51d5 }, // 5^183 + .{ 0x969eb7c47859e743, 0x9f644ae5a4b1b325 }, // 5^184 + .{ 0xbc4665b596706114, 0x873d5d9f0dde1fee }, // 5^185 + .{ 0xeb57ff22fc0c7959, 0xa90cb506d155a7ea }, // 5^186 + .{ 0x9316ff75dd87cbd8, 0x9a7f12442d588f2 }, // 5^187 + .{ 0xb7dcbf5354e9bece, 0xc11ed6d538aeb2f }, // 5^188 + .{ 0xe5d3ef282a242e81, 0x8f1668c8a86da5fa }, // 5^189 + .{ 0x8fa475791a569d10, 0xf96e017d694487bc }, // 5^190 + .{ 0xb38d92d760ec4455, 0x37c981dcc395a9ac }, // 5^191 + .{ 0xe070f78d3927556a, 0x85bbe253f47b1417 }, // 5^192 + .{ 0x8c469ab843b89562, 0x93956d7478ccec8e }, // 5^193 + .{ 0xaf58416654a6babb, 0x387ac8d1970027b2 }, // 5^194 + .{ 0xdb2e51bfe9d0696a, 0x6997b05fcc0319e }, // 5^195 + .{ 0x88fcf317f22241e2, 0x441fece3bdf81f03 }, // 5^196 + .{ 0xab3c2fddeeaad25a, 0xd527e81cad7626c3 }, // 5^197 + .{ 0xd60b3bd56a5586f1, 0x8a71e223d8d3b074 }, // 5^198 + .{ 0x85c7056562757456, 0xf6872d5667844e49 }, // 5^199 + .{ 0xa738c6bebb12d16c, 0xb428f8ac016561db }, // 5^200 + .{ 0xd106f86e69d785c7, 0xe13336d701beba52 }, // 5^201 + .{ 0x82a45b450226b39c, 0xecc0024661173473 }, // 5^202 + .{ 0xa34d721642b06084, 0x27f002d7f95d0190 }, // 5^203 + .{ 0xcc20ce9bd35c78a5, 0x31ec038df7b441f4 }, // 5^204 + .{ 0xff290242c83396ce, 0x7e67047175a15271 }, // 5^205 + .{ 0x9f79a169bd203e41, 0xf0062c6e984d386 }, // 5^206 + .{ 0xc75809c42c684dd1, 0x52c07b78a3e60868 }, // 5^207 + .{ 0xf92e0c3537826145, 0xa7709a56ccdf8a82 }, // 5^208 + .{ 0x9bbcc7a142b17ccb, 0x88a66076400bb691 }, // 5^209 + .{ 0xc2abf989935ddbfe, 0x6acff893d00ea435 }, // 5^210 + .{ 0xf356f7ebf83552fe, 0x583f6b8c4124d43 }, // 5^211 + .{ 0x98165af37b2153de, 0xc3727a337a8b704a }, // 5^212 + .{ 0xbe1bf1b059e9a8d6, 0x744f18c0592e4c5c }, // 5^213 + .{ 0xeda2ee1c7064130c, 0x1162def06f79df73 }, // 5^214 + .{ 0x9485d4d1c63e8be7, 0x8addcb5645ac2ba8 }, // 5^215 + .{ 0xb9a74a0637ce2ee1, 0x6d953e2bd7173692 }, // 5^216 + .{ 0xe8111c87c5c1ba99, 0xc8fa8db6ccdd0437 }, // 5^217 + .{ 0x910ab1d4db9914a0, 0x1d9c9892400a22a2 }, // 5^218 + .{ 0xb54d5e4a127f59c8, 0x2503beb6d00cab4b }, // 5^219 + .{ 0xe2a0b5dc971f303a, 0x2e44ae64840fd61d }, // 5^220 + .{ 0x8da471a9de737e24, 0x5ceaecfed289e5d2 }, // 5^221 + .{ 0xb10d8e1456105dad, 0x7425a83e872c5f47 }, // 5^222 + .{ 0xdd50f1996b947518, 0xd12f124e28f77719 }, // 5^223 + .{ 0x8a5296ffe33cc92f, 0x82bd6b70d99aaa6f }, // 5^224 + .{ 0xace73cbfdc0bfb7b, 0x636cc64d1001550b }, // 5^225 + .{ 0xd8210befd30efa5a, 0x3c47f7e05401aa4e }, // 5^226 + .{ 0x8714a775e3e95c78, 0x65acfaec34810a71 }, // 5^227 + .{ 0xa8d9d1535ce3b396, 0x7f1839a741a14d0d }, // 5^228 + .{ 0xd31045a8341ca07c, 0x1ede48111209a050 }, // 5^229 + .{ 0x83ea2b892091e44d, 0x934aed0aab460432 }, // 5^230 + .{ 0xa4e4b66b68b65d60, 0xf81da84d5617853f }, // 5^231 + .{ 0xce1de40642e3f4b9, 0x36251260ab9d668e }, // 5^232 + .{ 0x80d2ae83e9ce78f3, 0xc1d72b7c6b426019 }, // 5^233 + .{ 0xa1075a24e4421730, 0xb24cf65b8612f81f }, // 5^234 + .{ 0xc94930ae1d529cfc, 0xdee033f26797b627 }, // 5^235 + .{ 0xfb9b7cd9a4a7443c, 0x169840ef017da3b1 }, // 5^236 + .{ 0x9d412e0806e88aa5, 0x8e1f289560ee864e }, // 5^237 + .{ 0xc491798a08a2ad4e, 0xf1a6f2bab92a27e2 }, // 5^238 + .{ 0xf5b5d7ec8acb58a2, 0xae10af696774b1db }, // 5^239 + .{ 0x9991a6f3d6bf1765, 0xacca6da1e0a8ef29 }, // 5^240 + .{ 0xbff610b0cc6edd3f, 0x17fd090a58d32af3 }, // 5^241 + .{ 0xeff394dcff8a948e, 0xddfc4b4cef07f5b0 }, // 5^242 + .{ 0x95f83d0a1fb69cd9, 0x4abdaf101564f98e }, // 5^243 + .{ 0xbb764c4ca7a4440f, 0x9d6d1ad41abe37f1 }, // 5^244 + .{ 0xea53df5fd18d5513, 0x84c86189216dc5ed }, // 5^245 + .{ 0x92746b9be2f8552c, 0x32fd3cf5b4e49bb4 }, // 5^246 + .{ 0xb7118682dbb66a77, 0x3fbc8c33221dc2a1 }, // 5^247 + .{ 0xe4d5e82392a40515, 0xfabaf3feaa5334a }, // 5^248 + .{ 0x8f05b1163ba6832d, 0x29cb4d87f2a7400e }, // 5^249 + .{ 0xb2c71d5bca9023f8, 0x743e20e9ef511012 }, // 5^250 + .{ 0xdf78e4b2bd342cf6, 0x914da9246b255416 }, // 5^251 + .{ 0x8bab8eefb6409c1a, 0x1ad089b6c2f7548e }, // 5^252 + .{ 0xae9672aba3d0c320, 0xa184ac2473b529b1 }, // 5^253 + .{ 0xda3c0f568cc4f3e8, 0xc9e5d72d90a2741e }, // 5^254 + .{ 0x8865899617fb1871, 0x7e2fa67c7a658892 }, // 5^255 + .{ 0xaa7eebfb9df9de8d, 0xddbb901b98feeab7 }, // 5^256 + .{ 0xd51ea6fa85785631, 0x552a74227f3ea565 }, // 5^257 + .{ 0x8533285c936b35de, 0xd53a88958f87275f }, // 5^258 + .{ 0xa67ff273b8460356, 0x8a892abaf368f137 }, // 5^259 + .{ 0xd01fef10a657842c, 0x2d2b7569b0432d85 }, // 5^260 + .{ 0x8213f56a67f6b29b, 0x9c3b29620e29fc73 }, // 5^261 + .{ 0xa298f2c501f45f42, 0x8349f3ba91b47b8f }, // 5^262 + .{ 0xcb3f2f7642717713, 0x241c70a936219a73 }, // 5^263 + .{ 0xfe0efb53d30dd4d7, 0xed238cd383aa0110 }, // 5^264 + .{ 0x9ec95d1463e8a506, 0xf4363804324a40aa }, // 5^265 + .{ 0xc67bb4597ce2ce48, 0xb143c6053edcd0d5 }, // 5^266 + .{ 0xf81aa16fdc1b81da, 0xdd94b7868e94050a }, // 5^267 + .{ 0x9b10a4e5e9913128, 0xca7cf2b4191c8326 }, // 5^268 + .{ 0xc1d4ce1f63f57d72, 0xfd1c2f611f63a3f0 }, // 5^269 + .{ 0xf24a01a73cf2dccf, 0xbc633b39673c8cec }, // 5^270 + .{ 0x976e41088617ca01, 0xd5be0503e085d813 }, // 5^271 + .{ 0xbd49d14aa79dbc82, 0x4b2d8644d8a74e18 }, // 5^272 + .{ 0xec9c459d51852ba2, 0xddf8e7d60ed1219e }, // 5^273 + .{ 0x93e1ab8252f33b45, 0xcabb90e5c942b503 }, // 5^274 + .{ 0xb8da1662e7b00a17, 0x3d6a751f3b936243 }, // 5^275 + .{ 0xe7109bfba19c0c9d, 0xcc512670a783ad4 }, // 5^276 + .{ 0x906a617d450187e2, 0x27fb2b80668b24c5 }, // 5^277 + .{ 0xb484f9dc9641e9da, 0xb1f9f660802dedf6 }, // 5^278 + .{ 0xe1a63853bbd26451, 0x5e7873f8a0396973 }, // 5^279 + .{ 0x8d07e33455637eb2, 0xdb0b487b6423e1e8 }, // 5^280 + .{ 0xb049dc016abc5e5f, 0x91ce1a9a3d2cda62 }, // 5^281 + .{ 0xdc5c5301c56b75f7, 0x7641a140cc7810fb }, // 5^282 + .{ 0x89b9b3e11b6329ba, 0xa9e904c87fcb0a9d }, // 5^283 + .{ 0xac2820d9623bf429, 0x546345fa9fbdcd44 }, // 5^284 + .{ 0xd732290fbacaf133, 0xa97c177947ad4095 }, // 5^285 + .{ 0x867f59a9d4bed6c0, 0x49ed8eabcccc485d }, // 5^286 + .{ 0xa81f301449ee8c70, 0x5c68f256bfff5a74 }, // 5^287 + .{ 0xd226fc195c6a2f8c, 0x73832eec6fff3111 }, // 5^288 + .{ 0x83585d8fd9c25db7, 0xc831fd53c5ff7eab }, // 5^289 + .{ 0xa42e74f3d032f525, 0xba3e7ca8b77f5e55 }, // 5^290 + .{ 0xcd3a1230c43fb26f, 0x28ce1bd2e55f35eb }, // 5^291 + .{ 0x80444b5e7aa7cf85, 0x7980d163cf5b81b3 }, // 5^292 + .{ 0xa0555e361951c366, 0xd7e105bcc332621f }, // 5^293 + .{ 0xc86ab5c39fa63440, 0x8dd9472bf3fefaa7 }, // 5^294 + .{ 0xfa856334878fc150, 0xb14f98f6f0feb951 }, // 5^295 + .{ 0x9c935e00d4b9d8d2, 0x6ed1bf9a569f33d3 }, // 5^296 + .{ 0xc3b8358109e84f07, 0xa862f80ec4700c8 }, // 5^297 + .{ 0xf4a642e14c6262c8, 0xcd27bb612758c0fa }, // 5^298 + .{ 0x98e7e9cccfbd7dbd, 0x8038d51cb897789c }, // 5^299 + .{ 0xbf21e44003acdd2c, 0xe0470a63e6bd56c3 }, // 5^300 + .{ 0xeeea5d5004981478, 0x1858ccfce06cac74 }, // 5^301 + .{ 0x95527a5202df0ccb, 0xf37801e0c43ebc8 }, // 5^302 + .{ 0xbaa718e68396cffd, 0xd30560258f54e6ba }, // 5^303 + .{ 0xe950df20247c83fd, 0x47c6b82ef32a2069 }, // 5^304 + .{ 0x91d28b7416cdd27e, 0x4cdc331d57fa5441 }, // 5^305 + .{ 0xb6472e511c81471d, 0xe0133fe4adf8e952 }, // 5^306 + .{ 0xe3d8f9e563a198e5, 0x58180fddd97723a6 }, // 5^307 + .{ 0x8e679c2f5e44ff8f, 0x570f09eaa7ea7648 }, // 5^308 +}; + +comptime { + std.debug.assert(powers_of_five.len == 308 - smallest_power_of_five + 1); +} + +// ------------------------------------------------------------------ tests + +const testing = std.testing; + +/// Checks `toFloat` against `std.fmt.parseFloat` on the same decimal, written +/// out as text. A null result is allowed - the caller falls back - but a +/// value has to match bit for bit. +fn expectAgrees(comptime T: type, mantissa: u64, exp10: i64, truncated: bool, text: []const u8) !void { + const mine = toFloat(T, mantissa, exp10, truncated) orelse return; + const theirs = try std.fmt.parseFloat(T, text); + testing.expectEqual(@as(Bits(T), @bitCast(theirs)), @as(Bits(T), @bitCast(mine))) catch |err| { + std.debug.print("{s}: mantissa={d} exp10={d} truncated={}\n", .{ text, mantissa, exp10, truncated }); + return err; + }; +} + +fn expectExact(comptime T: type, mantissa: u64, exp10: i64) !void { + var buf: [64]u8 = undefined; + const text = try std.fmt.bufPrint(&buf, "{d}e{d}", .{ mantissa, exp10 }); + try testing.expect(toFloat(T, mantissa, exp10, false) != null); + try expectAgrees(T, mantissa, exp10, false, text); +} + +test "edge cases agree with std" { + inline for (.{ f32, f64 }) |T| { + const cases = [_]struct { u64, i64 }{ + .{ 0, 0 }, .{ 0, 400 }, .{ 1, 0 }, + .{ 1, -400 }, .{ 1, 400 }, .{ 9007199254740992, 0 }, + .{ 9007199254740993, 0 }, .{ 9007199254740994, 0 }, .{ 9007199254740995, 0 }, + .{ 1, 22 }, .{ 1, 23 }, .{ 1, -22 }, + .{ 1, -23 }, .{ 5, -324 }, .{ 24703282292062327, -340 }, + .{ 24703282292062328, -340 }, .{ 22250738585072011, -324 }, .{ 22250738585072014, -324 }, + .{ 17976931348623157, 292 }, .{ 17976931348623158, 292 }, .{ 17976931348623159, 292 }, + .{ 16777216, 0 }, .{ 16777217, 0 }, .{ 16777219, 0 }, + .{ 340282346638528859, 20 }, .{ 340282356779733661, 20 }, .{ 11754943508222875, -54 }, + .{ 14012984643248170, -61 }, .{ 7006492321624085, -61 }, .{ 9999999999999999999, 0 }, + .{ 9999999999999999999, 308 }, .{ 9999999999999999999, -343 }, + }; + for (cases) |c| { + var buf: [64]u8 = undefined; + const text = try std.fmt.bufPrint(&buf, "{d}e{d}", .{ c[0], c[1] }); + try expectAgrees(T, c[0], c[1], false, text); + } + } +} + +test "values within Clinger's range always convert" { + try expectExact(f64, 1 << 53, 22); + try expectExact(f64, 1 << 53, -22); + try expectExact(f32, 1 << 24, 10); + try expectExact(f32, 1 << 24, -10); +} + +test "random decimals agree with std" { + var prng: std.Random.DefaultPrng = .init(0x5eed); + const random = prng.random(); + var declined: usize = 0; + const n = 200_000; + for (0..n) |_| { + // Draw the digit count first, so short mantissas are as common as long + // ones rather than vanishingly rare. + const digits = random.intRangeAtMost(u6, 1, 19); + var mantissa: u64 = 0; + for (0..digits) |_| mantissa = mantissa * 10 + random.uintLessThan(u64, 10); + const exp10 = random.intRangeAtMost(i64, -360, 330); + + var buf: [64]u8 = undefined; + const text = try std.fmt.bufPrint(&buf, "{d}e{d}", .{ mantissa, exp10 }); + if (toFloat(f64, mantissa, exp10, false) == null) declined += 1; + try expectAgrees(f64, mantissa, exp10, false, text); + try expectAgrees(f32, mantissa, exp10, false, text); + } + // Declining is meant to be rare, not a way to pass. + try testing.expect(declined < n / 1000); +} + +test "random truncated decimals agree with std" { + var prng: std.Random.DefaultPrng = .init(0x7a11); + const random = prng.random(); + for (0..100_000) |_| { + var buf: [96]u8 = undefined; + const digits = random.intRangeAtMost(usize, 20, 40); + buf[0] = '1' + random.uintLessThan(u8, 9); + for (buf[1..digits]) |*d| d.* = '0' + random.uintLessThan(u8, 10); + const exp10 = random.intRangeAtMost(i64, -340, 300); + const text = buf[0 .. digits + (try std.fmt.bufPrint(buf[digits..], "e{d}", .{exp10})).len]; + + const mantissa = std.fmt.parseInt(u64, buf[0..19], 10) catch unreachable; + const dropped: i64 = @intCast(digits - 19); + try expectAgrees(f64, mantissa, exp10 + dropped, true, text); + try expectAgrees(f32, mantissa, exp10 + dropped, true, text); + } +} diff --git a/src/decode.zig b/src/decode.zig index 28cefbc..119a4f9 100644 --- a/src/decode.zig +++ b/src/decode.zig @@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ //! a value may be far larger than the reader's buffer. const std = @import("std"); +const decimal_float = @import("decimal_float.zig"); const Reader = std.Io.Reader; const Allocator = std.mem.Allocator; const json = @import("json.zig"); @@ -60,45 +61,18 @@ pub const DecodeError = error{ OutOfMemory, }; -/// Widest mantissa and decimal exponent for which Clinger's exact path holds: -/// both the mantissa and 10^|exp| must be exactly representable, so the single -/// multiply (or divide) rounds once and is therefore correctly rounded. -/// Types not listed here always take the `std.fmt.parseFloat` path. -const ClingerLimits = struct { max_mantissa: u64, max_exp: i32 }; - -fn clingerLimits(comptime T: type) ?ClingerLimits { - return switch (T) { - f64 => .{ .max_mantissa = 1 << 53, .max_exp = 22 }, - f32 => .{ .max_mantissa = 1 << 24, .max_exp = 10 }, - else => null, - }; -} - -const pow10_f64 = [23]f64{ - 1e0, 1e1, 1e2, 1e3, 1e4, 1e5, 1e6, 1e7, 1e8, 1e9, 1e10, 1e11, - 1e12, 1e13, 1e14, 1e15, 1e16, 1e17, 1e18, 1e19, 1e20, 1e21, 1e22, -}; -const pow10_f32 = [11]f32{ 1e0, 1e1, 1e2, 1e3, 1e4, 1e5, 1e6, 1e7, 1e8, 1e9, 1e10 }; - /// Parses a float out of `window` in a single pass, collecting the mantissa and -/// decimal exponent as it finds the end of the number. +/// decimal exponent as it finds the end of the number, and converts those +/// without looking at the text again. /// /// Returns null - having consumed nothing - when the number runs to the end of /// the window, since it may continue in the next fill; the caller then takes /// the general path, which is what makes this safe to be approximate about. /// -/// When the number is complete but outside the range where one rounding is -/// provably enough - digits dropped, or mantissa/exponent too large - `value` -/// is null and `len` still reports its extent, so the caller can convert it -/// exactly without rescanning. +/// When the number is complete but the conversion cannot decide its rounding, +/// `value` is null and `len` still reports its extent, so the caller can +/// convert it exactly without rescanning. fn fastFloat(comptime T: type, window: []const u8) ?struct { value: ?T, len: usize, invalid: bool = false } { - const limits = comptime clingerLimits(T).?; - const table = comptime switch (T) { - f64 => &pow10_f64, - f32 => &pow10_f32, - else => unreachable, - }; - var i: usize = 0; const neg = window.len > 0 and window[0] == '-'; if (neg) i = 1; @@ -132,6 +106,11 @@ fn fastFloat(comptime T: type, window: []const u8) ?struct { value: ?T, len: usi if (i < window.len and window[i] == '.') { i += 1; const frac_start = i; + // Long runs of digits are typically fractions, so that is the only + // place worth checking for them. + const before = ndigits; + eightDigitRuns(window, &i, &mantissa, &ndigits); + exp10 -= @intCast(ndigits - before); while (i < window.len) : (i += 1) { const digit = window[i] -% '0'; if (digit > 9) break; @@ -179,20 +158,64 @@ fn fastFloat(comptime T: type, window: []const u8) ?struct { value: ?T, len: usi // Reaching the end of the window means the number might not be over. if (i >= window.len) return null; - if (truncated or - mantissa > limits.max_mantissa or - exp10 < -limits.max_exp or - exp10 > limits.max_exp) - { + const value = decimal_float.toFloat(T, mantissa, exp10, truncated) orelse return .{ .value = null, .len = i }; + return .{ .value = if (neg) -value else value, .len = i }; +} + +/// Accumulates digits from `window[i.*..]` into `mantissa` eight at a time, +/// for as long as eight digits follow and still fit in its 19. The digit +/// loop after it takes whatever is left over. +inline fn eightDigitRuns(window: []const u8, i: *usize, mantissa: *u64, ndigits: *u32) void { + while (ndigits.* + 8 <= 19 and window.len - i.* >= 8) { + const chunk = std.mem.readInt(u64, window[i.*..][0..8], .little); + if (!allDigits(chunk)) break; + mantissa.* = mantissa.* * 100_000_000 + eightDigitsValue(chunk); + ndigits.* += 8; + i.* += 8; } +} - const m: T = @floatFromInt(mantissa); - const value = if (exp10 >= 0) - m * table[@intCast(exp10)] - else - m / table[@intCast(-exp10)]; - return .{ .value = if (neg) -value else value, .len = i }; +/// Whether all eight bytes of `chunk` are ASCII digits: each must have `3` in +/// its high nibble, and still have it after adding 6, which carries out of +/// the low nibble for anything past `9`. +fn allDigits(chunk: u64) bool { + const ones: u64 = 0x0101_0101_0101_0101; + return (chunk & (0xf0 * ones)) == 0x30 * ones and + ((chunk +% 0x06 * ones) & (0xf0 * ones)) == 0x30 * ones; +} + +/// The value of eight ASCII digits loaded little-endian, so the first digit +/// is in the lowest byte. Pairs of digits are combined, then pairs of those +/// in two multiplies, as in simdjson's `parse_eight_digits_unrolled`. +fn eightDigitsValue(chunk: u64) u64 { + var v = chunk -% 0x3030_3030_3030_3030; + v = (v *% 10) +% (v >> 8); + const mask: u64 = 0x0000_00ff_0000_00ff; + const mul1: u64 = 0x000f_4240_0000_0064; // 100 + (1000000 << 32) + const mul2: u64 = 0x0000_2710_0000_0001; // 1 + (10000 << 32) + return ((v & mask) *% mul1 +% ((v >> 16) & mask) *% mul2) >> 32; +} + +test "eight digits at a time" { + var prng: std.Random.DefaultPrng = .init(8); + const random = prng.random(); + for (0..10_000) |_| { + var digits: [8]u8 = undefined; + for (&digits) |*d| d.* = '0' + random.uintLessThan(u8, 10); + const chunk = std.mem.readInt(u64, &digits, .little); + try std.testing.expect(allDigits(chunk)); + try std.testing.expectEqual(try std.fmt.parseInt(u64, &digits, 10), eightDigitsValue(chunk)); + } + // Every byte that is not a digit, in every position. + for (0..8) |pos| { + for (0..256) |b| { + if (b >= '0' and b <= '9') continue; + var digits = "12345678".*; + digits[pos] = @intCast(b); + try std.testing.expect(!allDigits(std.mem.readInt(u64, &digits, .little))); + } + } } /// Checks `text` against RFC 8259's number grammar: @@ -594,7 +617,7 @@ pub const Decoder = struct { fn float(d: *Decoder, comptime T: type) DecodeError!T { _ = try d.peekByte(); - if (comptime clingerLimits(T) != null) { + if (comptime decimal_float.supports(T)) { const r = d.reader; if (fastFloat(T, r.buffer[r.seek..r.end])) |hit| { @branchHint(.likely); @@ -603,9 +626,10 @@ pub const Decoder = struct { r.seek += hit.len; return v; } - // The number is complete but outside the exact range. Its - // extent is already known, so hand the span straight to std - // rather than scanning it a third time. + // The number is complete but too close to a halfway point to + // round from its leading digits. Its extent is already known, + // so hand the span straight to std rather than scanning it a + // third time. const text = r.buffer[r.seek..][0..hit.len]; const parsed = std.fmt.parseFloat(T, text) catch return error.InvalidNumber; r.seek += hit.len; diff --git a/src/json.zig b/src/json.zig index c6642eb..2c9fc98 100644 --- a/src/json.zig +++ b/src/json.zig @@ -204,6 +204,7 @@ pub fn decodeFromSliceLeaky( } test { + _ = @import("decimal_float.zig"); _ = encode_mod; _ = decode_mod; _ = @import("test.zig"); diff --git a/src/test.zig b/src/test.zig index 2128b76..1e1084a 100644 --- a/src/test.zig +++ b/src/test.zig @@ -87,6 +87,49 @@ test "decode f32 agrees with std" { } } +test "random float text agrees with std" { + const a = std.testing.allocator; + var prng: std.Random.DefaultPrng = .init(0xf10a7); + const random = prng.random(); + var buf: [128]u8 = undefined; + for (0..50_000) |_| { + var len: usize = 0; + if (random.boolean()) { + buf[len] = '-'; + len += 1; + } + // Integer part without leading zeros, an optional fraction and an + // optional exponent, with lengths that land on both sides of eight + // and nineteen digits. + const int_digits = random.intRangeAtMost(usize, 1, 24); + for (0..int_digits) |k| { + buf[len] = if (k == 0 and int_digits > 1) '1' + random.uintLessThan(u8, 9) else '0' + random.uintLessThan(u8, 10); + len += 1; + } + if (random.boolean()) { + buf[len] = '.'; + len += 1; + for (0..random.intRangeAtMost(usize, 1, 30)) |_| { + buf[len] = '0' + random.uintLessThan(u8, 10); + len += 1; + } + } + if (random.boolean()) { + len += (try std.fmt.bufPrint(buf[len..], "e{d}", .{random.intRangeAtMost(i32, -330, 310)})).len; + } + const in = buf[0..len]; + const theirs = try std.fmt.parseFloat(f64, in); + const mine = try json.decodeFromSliceLeaky(f64, a, in, .{}); + testing.expectEqual(@as(u64, @bitCast(theirs)), @as(u64, @bitCast(mine))) catch |err| { + std.debug.print("{s}\n", .{in}); + return err; + }; + const theirs32 = try std.fmt.parseFloat(f32, in); + const mine32 = try json.decodeFromSliceLeaky(f32, a, in, .{}); + try testing.expectEqual(@as(u32, @bitCast(theirs32)), @as(u32, @bitCast(mine32))); + } +} + test "floats agree with std when trickled one byte at a time" { const a = std.testing.allocator; const T = struct { x: f64 };