From a4a4f60ff17a0e1d613119219a2a30b37d253616 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Florian Lefebvre <contact@florian-lefebvre.dev>
Date: Tue, 19 May 2026 15:29:23 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 1/9] feat: standard schema for validation

---
 .changeset/social-lands-talk.md              |  21 +++
 examples/basic/package.json                  |   1 +
 examples/basic/standard-schema-validation.ts |  35 ++++
 packages/core/package.json                   |   2 +
 packages/core/src/index.ts                   |   2 +-
 packages/core/src/prompts/prompt.ts          |  23 ++-
 packages/core/test/prompts/prompt.test.ts    | 168 ++++++++++++-------
 packages/prompts/src/autocomplete.ts         |   3 +-
 packages/prompts/src/date.ts                 |   4 +-
 packages/prompts/src/password.ts             |   3 +-
 packages/prompts/src/path.ts                 |   3 +-
 packages/prompts/src/text.ts                 |   3 +-
 pnpm-lock.yaml                               |  42 +++++
 13 files changed, 244 insertions(+), 66 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 .changeset/social-lands-talk.md
 create mode 100644 examples/basic/standard-schema-validation.ts

diff --git a/.changeset/social-lands-talk.md b/.changeset/social-lands-talk.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..603ffc74
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.changeset/social-lands-talk.md
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+---
+"@clack/prompts": minor
+"@clack/core": minor
+---
+
+Adds support for Standard Schema validation
+
+Prompts accept an optional `validate()` function to validate user input. While a function provides more flexibility and customization over your validation, it can be a bit verbose. To help solve this, there are libraries that provide schema-based validation to make shorthand and type-strict validation substantially easier.
+
+Libraries following the [Standard Schema specification](https://github.com/standard-schema/standard-schema) are now natively supported. For example, using [Arktype](https://arktype.io/):
+
+```diff
+import { text } from '@clack/prompts';
+import { type } from 'arktype';
+
+const name = await text({
+	message: 'Enter your name (letters only)',
+	initialValue: 'John123', // Invalid initial value with numbers
++	validate: type('string.alpha').describe('Name can only contain letters'),
+});
+```
diff --git a/examples/basic/package.json b/examples/basic/package.json
index d0af04aa..f1d2eb8b 100644
--- a/examples/basic/package.json
+++ b/examples/basic/package.json
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
   "type": "module",
   "dependencies": {
     "@clack/prompts": "workspace:*",
+    "arktype": "^2.2.0",
     "picocolors": "^1.0.0",
     "jiti": "^1.17.0"
   },
diff --git a/examples/basic/standard-schema-validation.ts b/examples/basic/standard-schema-validation.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..5bbd9546
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/basic/standard-schema-validation.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+import { setTimeout } from 'node:timers/promises';
+import { isCancel, note, text } from '@clack/prompts';
+import { type } from 'arktype';
+
+async function main() {
+	console.clear();
+
+	// Example demonstrating the issue with initial value validation
+	const name = await text({
+		message: 'Enter your name (letters only)',
+		initialValue: 'John123', // Invalid initial value with numbers
+		validate: type('string.alpha').describe('Name can only contain letters'),
+	});
+
+	if (!isCancel(name)) {
+		note(`Valid name: ${name}`, 'Success');
+	}
+
+	await setTimeout(1000);
+
+	// Example with a valid initial value for comparison
+	const validName = await text({
+		message: 'Enter another name (letters only)',
+		initialValue: 'JohnDoe', // Valid initial value
+		validate: type('string.alpha').describe('Name can only contain letters'),
+	});
+
+	if (!isCancel(validName)) {
+		note(`Valid name: ${validName}`, 'Success');
+	}
+
+	await setTimeout(1000);
+}
+
+main().catch(console.error);
diff --git a/packages/core/package.json b/packages/core/package.json
index 9f25b0cc..6b32a86c 100644
--- a/packages/core/package.json
+++ b/packages/core/package.json
@@ -56,10 +56,12 @@
     "test": "vitest run"
   },
   "dependencies": {
+    "@standard-schema/spec": "^1.1.0",
     "fast-wrap-ansi": "^0.2.0",
     "sisteransi": "^1.0.5"
   },
   "devDependencies": {
+    "arktype": "^2.2.0",
     "vitest": "^3.2.4"
   }
 }
diff --git a/packages/core/src/index.ts b/packages/core/src/index.ts
index 478095b8..c7758ab3 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/index.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/index.ts
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ export type { MultiSelectOptions } from './prompts/multi-select.js';
 export { default as MultiSelectPrompt } from './prompts/multi-select.js';
 export type { PasswordOptions } from './prompts/password.js';
 export { default as PasswordPrompt } from './prompts/password.js';
-export type { PromptOptions } from './prompts/prompt.js';
+export type { PromptOptions, PromptOptionsValidate } from './prompts/prompt.js';
 export { default as Prompt } from './prompts/prompt.js';
 export type { SelectOptions } from './prompts/select.js';
 export { default as SelectPrompt } from './prompts/select.js';
diff --git a/packages/core/src/prompts/prompt.ts b/packages/core/src/prompts/prompt.ts
index c48a5181..709d10ae 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/prompts/prompt.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/prompts/prompt.ts
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import { stdin, stdout } from 'node:process';
 import readline, { type Key, type ReadLine } from 'node:readline';
 import type { Readable, Writable } from 'node:stream';
+import type { StandardSchemaV1 } from '@standard-schema/spec';
 import { wrapAnsi } from 'fast-wrap-ansi';
 import { cursor, erase } from 'sisteransi';
 import type { ClackEvents, ClackState } from '../types.js';
@@ -14,11 +15,15 @@ import {
 	settings,
 } from '../utils/index.js';
 
+export type PromptOptionsValidate<TValue> =
+	| ((value: TValue | undefined) => string | Error | undefined)
+	| StandardSchemaV1<TValue | undefined, any>;
+
 export interface PromptOptions<TValue, Self extends Prompt<TValue>> {
 	render(this: Omit<Self, 'prompt'>): string | undefined;
 	initialValue?: any;
 	initialUserInput?: string;
-	validate?: ((value: TValue | undefined) => string | Error | undefined) | undefined;
+	validate?: PromptOptionsValidate<TValue> | undefined;
 	input?: Readable;
 	output?: Writable;
 	signal?: AbortSignal;
@@ -230,7 +235,21 @@ export default class Prompt<TValue> {
 
 		if (key?.name === 'return' && this._shouldSubmit(char, key)) {
 			if (this.opts.validate) {
-				const problem = this.opts.validate(this.value);
+				let problem: string | Error | undefined;
+
+				if ('~standard' in this.opts.validate) {
+					const result = this.opts.validate['~standard'].validate(this.value);
+					// https://standardschema.dev/schema#how-to-only-allow-synchronous-validation
+					if (result instanceof Promise) {
+						throw new TypeError(
+							'Schema validation must be synchronous. Update `validate()` and get rid of any asynchronous logic.'
+						);
+					}
+					problem = result.issues?.at(0)?.message;
+				} else {
+					problem = this.opts.validate(this.value);
+				}
+
 				if (problem) {
 					this.error = problem instanceof Error ? problem.message : problem;
 					this.state = 'error';
diff --git a/packages/core/test/prompts/prompt.test.ts b/packages/core/test/prompts/prompt.test.ts
index bc4fa5e6..538585fc 100644
--- a/packages/core/test/prompts/prompt.test.ts
+++ b/packages/core/test/prompts/prompt.test.ts
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+import { type } from 'arktype';
 import { cursor } from 'sisteransi';
 import { afterEach, beforeEach, describe, expect, test, vi } from 'vitest';
 import { default as Prompt } from '../../src/prompts/prompt.js';
@@ -233,82 +234,135 @@ describe('Prompt', () => {
 		expect(instance.state).to.equal('cancel');
 	});
 
-	test('accepts invalid initial value', () => {
-		const instance = new Prompt({
-			input,
-			output,
-			render: () => 'foo',
-			initialValue: 'invalid',
-			validate: (value) => (value === 'valid' ? undefined : 'must be valid'),
+	describe('function validation', () => {
+		test('accepts invalid initial value', () => {
+			const instance = new Prompt({
+				input,
+				output,
+				render: () => 'foo',
+				initialValue: 'invalid',
+				validate: (value) => (value === 'valid' ? undefined : 'must be valid'),
+			});
+			instance.prompt();
+
+			expect(instance.state).to.equal('active');
+			expect(instance.error).to.equal('');
 		});
-		instance.prompt();
 
-		expect(instance.state).to.equal('active');
-		expect(instance.error).to.equal('');
-	});
+		test('validates value on return', () => {
+			const instance = new Prompt({
+				input,
+				output,
+				render: () => 'foo',
+				validate: (value) => (value === 'valid' ? undefined : 'must be valid'),
+			});
+			instance.prompt();
 
-	test('validates value on return', () => {
-		const instance = new Prompt({
-			input,
-			output,
-			render: () => 'foo',
-			validate: (value) => (value === 'valid' ? undefined : 'must be valid'),
+			instance.value = 'invalid';
+
+			input.emit('keypress', '', { name: 'return' });
+
+			expect(instance.state).to.equal('error');
+			expect(instance.error).to.equal('must be valid');
 		});
-		instance.prompt();
 
-		instance.value = 'invalid';
+		test('validates value with Error object', () => {
+			const instance = new Prompt({
+				input,
+				output,
+				render: () => 'foo',
+				validate: (value) => (value === 'valid' ? undefined : new Error('must be valid')),
+			});
+			instance.prompt();
 
-		input.emit('keypress', '', { name: 'return' });
+			instance.value = 'invalid';
+			input.emit('keypress', '', { name: 'return' });
 
-		expect(instance.state).to.equal('error');
-		expect(instance.error).to.equal('must be valid');
-	});
+			expect(instance.state).to.equal('error');
+			expect(instance.error).to.equal('must be valid');
+		});
 
-	test('validates value with Error object', () => {
-		const instance = new Prompt({
-			input,
-			output,
-			render: () => 'foo',
-			validate: (value) => (value === 'valid' ? undefined : new Error('must be valid')),
+		test('validates value with regex validation', () => {
+			const instance = new Prompt<string>({
+				input,
+				output,
+				render: () => 'foo',
+				validate: (value) => (/^[A-Z]+$/.test(value ?? '') ? undefined : 'Invalid value'),
+			});
+			instance.prompt();
+
+			instance.value = 'Invalid Value $$$';
+			input.emit('keypress', '', { name: 'return' });
+
+			expect(instance.state).to.equal('error');
+			expect(instance.error).to.equal('Invalid value');
 		});
-		instance.prompt();
 
-		instance.value = 'invalid';
-		input.emit('keypress', '', { name: 'return' });
+		test('accepts valid value with regex validation', () => {
+			const instance = new Prompt<string>({
+				input,
+				output,
+				render: () => 'foo',
+				validate: (value) => (/^[A-Z]+$/.test(value ?? '') ? undefined : 'Invalid value'),
+			});
+			instance.prompt();
 
-		expect(instance.state).to.equal('error');
-		expect(instance.error).to.equal('must be valid');
+			instance.value = 'VALID';
+			input.emit('keypress', '', { name: 'return' });
+
+			expect(instance.state).to.equal('submit');
+			expect(instance.error).to.equal('');
+		});
 	});
 
-	test('validates value with regex validation', () => {
-		const instance = new Prompt<string>({
-			input,
-			output,
-			render: () => 'foo',
-			validate: (value) => (/^[A-Z]+$/.test(value ?? '') ? undefined : 'Invalid value'),
+	describe('standard schema', () => {
+		test('accepts invalid initial value', () => {
+			const instance = new Prompt<string>({
+				input,
+				output,
+				render: () => 'foo',
+				initialValue: 'invalid',
+				validate: type("'valid'"),
+			});
+			instance.prompt();
+
+			expect(instance.state).to.equal('active');
+			expect(instance.error).to.equal('');
 		});
-		instance.prompt();
 
-		instance.value = 'Invalid Value $$$';
-		input.emit('keypress', '', { name: 'return' });
+		test('validates value on return', () => {
+			const instance = new Prompt<string>({
+				input,
+				output,
+				render: () => 'foo',
+				validate: type("'valid'"),
+			});
+			instance.prompt();
 
-		expect(instance.state).to.equal('error');
-		expect(instance.error).to.equal('Invalid value');
-	});
+			instance.value = 'invalid';
 
-	test('accepts valid value with regex validation', () => {
-		const instance = new Prompt<string>({
-			input,
-			output,
-			render: () => 'foo',
-			validate: (value) => (/^[A-Z]+$/.test(value ?? '') ? undefined : 'Invalid value'),
+			input.emit('keypress', '', { name: 'return' });
+
+			expect(instance.state).to.equal('error');
+			expect(instance.error).to.equal('must be "valid" (was "invalid")');
 		});
-		instance.prompt();
 
-		instance.value = 'VALID';
-		input.emit('keypress', '', { name: 'return' });
+		test('validates value with Error object', () => {
+			const instance = new Prompt({
+				input,
+				output,
+				render: () => 'foo',
+				validate: type.string.pipe((value) =>
+					value === 'valid' ? undefined : new Error('must be valid')
+				),
+			});
+			instance.prompt();
 
-		expect(instance.state).to.equal('submit');
-		expect(instance.error).to.equal('');
+			instance.value = 'invalid';
+			input.emit('keypress', '', { name: 'return' });
+
+			expect(instance.state).to.equal('error');
+			expect(instance.error).to.equal('must be valid');
+		});
 	});
 });
diff --git a/packages/prompts/src/autocomplete.ts b/packages/prompts/src/autocomplete.ts
index 78227000..627d9edc 100644
--- a/packages/prompts/src/autocomplete.ts
+++ b/packages/prompts/src/autocomplete.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import { styleText } from 'node:util';
+import type { PromptOptionsValidate } from '@clack/core';
 import { AutocompletePrompt, settings } from '@clack/core';
 import {
 	type CommonOptions,
@@ -73,7 +74,7 @@ interface AutocompleteSharedOptions<Value> extends CommonOptions {
 	 * A function that validates user input. Return a `string` or `Error` to show as a
 	 * validation error, or `undefined` to accept the result.
 	 */
-	validate?: (value: Value | Value[] | undefined) => string | Error | undefined;
+	validate?: PromptOptionsValidate<Value | Value[]>;
 
 	/**
 	 * Custom filter function to match options against the search input.
diff --git a/packages/prompts/src/date.ts b/packages/prompts/src/date.ts
index 5f87d197..7b2ee550 100644
--- a/packages/prompts/src/date.ts
+++ b/packages/prompts/src/date.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import { styleText } from 'node:util';
-import type { DateFormat, State } from '@clack/core';
+import type { DateFormat, PromptOptionsValidate, State } from '@clack/core';
 import { DatePrompt, settings } from '@clack/core';
 import { type CommonOptions, S_BAR, S_BAR_END, symbol } from './common.js';
 
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ export interface DateOptions extends CommonOptions {
 	initialValue?: Date;
 	minDate?: Date;
 	maxDate?: Date;
-	validate?: (value: Date | undefined) => string | Error | undefined;
+	validate?: PromptOptionsValidate<Date>;
 }
 
 export const date = (opts: DateOptions) => {
diff --git a/packages/prompts/src/password.ts b/packages/prompts/src/password.ts
index 94d96c71..52bf5f75 100644
--- a/packages/prompts/src/password.ts
+++ b/packages/prompts/src/password.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import { styleText } from 'node:util';
+import type { PromptOptionsValidate } from '@clack/core';
 import { PasswordPrompt, settings } from '@clack/core';
 import { type CommonOptions, S_BAR, S_BAR_END, S_PASSWORD_MASK, symbol } from './common.js';
 
@@ -21,7 +22,7 @@ export interface PasswordOptions extends CommonOptions {
 	 * A function that validates user input. Return a `string` or `Error` to show as a
 	 * validation error, or `undefined` to accept the result.
 	 */
-	validate?: (value: string | undefined) => string | Error | undefined;
+	validate?: PromptOptionsValidate<string>;
 
 	/**
 	 * When enabled it causes the input to be cleared if/when validation fails.
diff --git a/packages/prompts/src/path.ts b/packages/prompts/src/path.ts
index 921a9fda..6ab4052d 100644
--- a/packages/prompts/src/path.ts
+++ b/packages/prompts/src/path.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import { existsSync, lstatSync, readdirSync } from 'node:fs';
 import { dirname, join } from 'node:path';
+import type { PromptOptionsValidate } from '@clack/core';
 import { autocomplete } from './autocomplete.js';
 import type { CommonOptions } from './common.js';
 
@@ -36,7 +37,7 @@ export interface PathOptions extends CommonOptions {
 	 * A function that validates the given path. Return a `string` or `Error` to show as a
 	 * validation error, or `undefined` to accept the result.
 	 */
-	validate?: (value: string | undefined) => string | Error | undefined;
+	validate?: PromptOptionsValidate<string>;
 }
 
 /**
diff --git a/packages/prompts/src/text.ts b/packages/prompts/src/text.ts
index 46fae406..fb0aa77c 100644
--- a/packages/prompts/src/text.ts
+++ b/packages/prompts/src/text.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import { styleText } from 'node:util';
+import type { PromptOptionsValidate } from '@clack/core';
 import { settings, TextPrompt } from '@clack/core';
 import { type CommonOptions, S_BAR, S_BAR_END, symbol } from './common.js';
 
@@ -31,7 +32,7 @@ export interface TextOptions extends CommonOptions {
 	 * A function that validates user input. Return a `string` or `Error` to show as a
 	 * validation error, or `undefined` to accept the result.
 	 */
-	validate?: (value: string | undefined) => string | Error | undefined;
+	validate?: PromptOptionsValidate<string>;
 }
 
 /**
diff --git a/pnpm-lock.yaml b/pnpm-lock.yaml
index 15cb5248..5c2553d7 100644
--- a/pnpm-lock.yaml
+++ b/pnpm-lock.yaml
@@ -35,6 +35,9 @@ importers:
       '@clack/prompts':
         specifier: workspace:*
         version: link:../../packages/prompts
+      arktype:
+        specifier: ^2.2.0
+        version: 2.2.0
       jiti:
         specifier: ^1.17.0
         version: 1.21.7
@@ -60,6 +63,9 @@ importers:
 
   packages/core:
     dependencies:
+      '@standard-schema/spec':
+        specifier: ^1.1.0
+        version: 1.1.0
       fast-wrap-ansi:
         specifier: ^0.2.0
         version: 0.2.0
@@ -67,6 +73,9 @@ importers:
         specifier: ^1.0.5
         version: 1.0.5
     devDependencies:
+      arktype:
+        specifier: ^2.2.0
+        version: 2.2.0
       vitest:
         specifier: ^3.2.4
         version: 3.2.4(@types/node@20.19.39)(jiti@2.5.0)
@@ -101,6 +110,12 @@ importers:
 
 packages:
 
+  '@ark/schema@0.56.0':
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-ECg3hox/6Z/nLajxXqNhgPtNdHWC9zNsDyskwO28WinoFEnWow4IsERNz9AnXRhTZJnYIlAJ4uGn3nlLk65vZA==}
+
+  '@ark/util@0.56.0':
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-BghfRC8b9pNs3vBoDJhcta0/c1J1rsoS1+HgVUreMFPdhz/CRAKReAu57YEllNaSy98rWAdY1gE+gFup7OXpgA==}
+
   '@babel/code-frame@7.26.2':
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-RJlIHRueQgwWitWgF8OdFYGZX328Ax5BCemNGlqHfplnRT9ESi8JkFlvaVYbS+UubVY6dpv87Fs2u5M29iNFVQ==}
     engines: {node: '>=6.9.0'}
@@ -700,6 +715,9 @@ packages:
     cpu: [x64]
     os: [win32]
 
+  '@standard-schema/spec@1.1.0':
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-l2aFy5jALhniG5HgqrD6jXLi/rUWrKvqN/qJx6yoJsgKhblVd+iqqU4RCXavm/jPityDo5TCvKMnpjKnOriy0w==}
+
   '@trysound/sax@0.2.0':
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-L7z9BgrNEcYyUYtF+HaEfiS5ebkh9jXqbszz7pC0hRBPaatV0XjSD3+eHrpqFemQfgwiFF0QPIarnIihIDn7OA==}
     engines: {node: '>=10.13.0'}
@@ -773,6 +791,12 @@ packages:
   argparse@2.0.1:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-8+9WqebbFzpX9OR+Wa6O29asIogeRMzcGtAINdpMHHyAg10f05aSFVBbcEqGf/PXw1EjAZ+q2/bEBg3DvurK3Q==}
 
+  arkregex@0.0.5:
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-ncYjBdLlh5/QnVsAA8De16Tc9EqmYM7y/WU9j+236KcyYNUXogpz3sC4ATIZYzzLxwI+0sEOaQLEmLmRleaEXw==}
+
+  arktype@2.2.0:
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-t54MZ7ti5BhOEvzEkgKnWvqj+UbDfWig+DHr5I34xatymPusKLS0lQpNJd8M6DzmIto2QGszHfNKoFIT8tMCZQ==}
+
   array-union@2.1.0:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-HGyxoOTYUyCM6stUe6EJgnd4EoewAI7zMdfqO+kGjnlZmBDz/cR5pf8r/cR4Wq60sL/p0IkcjUEEPwS3GFrIyw==}
     engines: {node: '>=8'}
@@ -1854,6 +1878,12 @@ packages:
 
 snapshots:
 
+  '@ark/schema@0.56.0':
+    dependencies:
+      '@ark/util': 0.56.0
+
+  '@ark/util@0.56.0': {}
+
   '@babel/code-frame@7.26.2':
     dependencies:
       '@babel/helper-validator-identifier': 7.25.9
@@ -2356,6 +2386,8 @@ snapshots:
   '@rollup/rollup-win32-x64-msvc@4.45.1':
     optional: true
 
+  '@standard-schema/spec@1.1.0': {}
+
   '@trysound/sax@0.2.0': {}
 
   '@tybys/wasm-util@0.10.0':
@@ -2433,6 +2465,16 @@ snapshots:
 
   argparse@2.0.1: {}
 
+  arkregex@0.0.5:
+    dependencies:
+      '@ark/util': 0.56.0
+
+  arktype@2.2.0:
+    dependencies:
+      '@ark/schema': 0.56.0
+      '@ark/util': 0.56.0
+      arkregex: 0.0.5
+
   array-union@2.1.0: {}
 
   assertion-error@2.0.1: {}

From d071d6d5c059a5984dddc2ce40384a729ae367d7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Florian Lefebvre <contact@florian-lefebvre.dev>
Date: Tue, 19 May 2026 18:43:34 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 2/9] fix: types

---
 packages/core/src/index.ts            |  4 +++-
 packages/core/src/prompts/prompt.ts   | 24 ++++--------------------
 packages/core/src/utils/validation.ts | 22 ++++++++++++++++++++++
 packages/prompts/src/autocomplete.ts  |  4 ++--
 packages/prompts/src/date.ts          | 10 +++++-----
 packages/prompts/src/password.ts      |  4 ++--
 packages/prompts/src/path.ts          |  7 ++++---
 packages/prompts/src/text.ts          |  4 ++--
 8 files changed, 44 insertions(+), 35 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 packages/core/src/utils/validation.ts

diff --git a/packages/core/src/index.ts b/packages/core/src/index.ts
index c7758ab3..4383a3df 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/index.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/index.ts
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ export type { MultiSelectOptions } from './prompts/multi-select.js';
 export { default as MultiSelectPrompt } from './prompts/multi-select.js';
 export type { PasswordOptions } from './prompts/password.js';
 export { default as PasswordPrompt } from './prompts/password.js';
-export type { PromptOptions, PromptOptionsValidate } from './prompts/prompt.js';
+export type { PromptOptions } from './prompts/prompt.js';
 export { default as Prompt } from './prompts/prompt.js';
 export type { SelectOptions } from './prompts/select.js';
 export { default as SelectPrompt } from './prompts/select.js';
@@ -24,3 +24,5 @@ export type { ClackState as State } from './types.js';
 export { block, getColumns, getRows, isCancel, wrapTextWithPrefix } from './utils/index.js';
 export type { ClackSettings } from './utils/settings.js';
 export { settings, updateSettings } from './utils/settings.js';
+export type { Validate } from './utils/validation.js';
+export { runValidation } from './utils/validation.js';
diff --git a/packages/core/src/prompts/prompt.ts b/packages/core/src/prompts/prompt.ts
index 709d10ae..c29d0698 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/prompts/prompt.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/prompts/prompt.ts
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 import { stdin, stdout } from 'node:process';
 import readline, { type Key, type ReadLine } from 'node:readline';
 import type { Readable, Writable } from 'node:stream';
-import type { StandardSchemaV1 } from '@standard-schema/spec';
 import { wrapAnsi } from 'fast-wrap-ansi';
 import { cursor, erase } from 'sisteransi';
 import type { ClackEvents, ClackState } from '../types.js';
@@ -14,16 +13,14 @@ import {
 	setRawMode,
 	settings,
 } from '../utils/index.js';
-
-export type PromptOptionsValidate<TValue> =
-	| ((value: TValue | undefined) => string | Error | undefined)
-	| StandardSchemaV1<TValue | undefined, any>;
+import type { Validate } from '../utils/validation.js';
+import { runValidation } from '../utils/validation.js';
 
 export interface PromptOptions<TValue, Self extends Prompt<TValue>> {
 	render(this: Omit<Self, 'prompt'>): string | undefined;
 	initialValue?: any;
 	initialUserInput?: string;
-	validate?: PromptOptionsValidate<TValue> | undefined;
+	validate?: Validate<TValue> | undefined;
 	input?: Readable;
 	output?: Writable;
 	signal?: AbortSignal;
@@ -235,20 +232,7 @@ export default class Prompt<TValue> {
 
 		if (key?.name === 'return' && this._shouldSubmit(char, key)) {
 			if (this.opts.validate) {
-				let problem: string | Error | undefined;
-
-				if ('~standard' in this.opts.validate) {
-					const result = this.opts.validate['~standard'].validate(this.value);
-					// https://standardschema.dev/schema#how-to-only-allow-synchronous-validation
-					if (result instanceof Promise) {
-						throw new TypeError(
-							'Schema validation must be synchronous. Update `validate()` and get rid of any asynchronous logic.'
-						);
-					}
-					problem = result.issues?.at(0)?.message;
-				} else {
-					problem = this.opts.validate(this.value);
-				}
+				const problem = runValidation(this.opts.validate, this.value);
 
 				if (problem) {
 					this.error = problem instanceof Error ? problem.message : problem;
diff --git a/packages/core/src/utils/validation.ts b/packages/core/src/utils/validation.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..1d8df101
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/core/src/utils/validation.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+import type { StandardSchemaV1 } from '@standard-schema/spec';
+
+export type Validate<TValue> =
+	| ((value: TValue | undefined) => string | Error | undefined)
+	| StandardSchemaV1<TValue | undefined, any>;
+
+export function runValidation<TValue>(
+	validate: Validate<TValue>,
+	value: TValue | undefined
+): string | Error | undefined {
+	if ('~standard' in validate) {
+		const result = validate['~standard'].validate(value);
+		// https://standardschema.dev/schema#how-to-only-allow-synchronous-validation
+		if (result instanceof Promise) {
+			throw new TypeError(
+				'Schema validation must be synchronous. Update `validate()` and get rid of any asynchronous logic.'
+			);
+		}
+		return result.issues?.at(0)?.message;
+	}
+	return validate(value);
+}
diff --git a/packages/prompts/src/autocomplete.ts b/packages/prompts/src/autocomplete.ts
index 627d9edc..dee81839 100644
--- a/packages/prompts/src/autocomplete.ts
+++ b/packages/prompts/src/autocomplete.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import { styleText } from 'node:util';
-import type { PromptOptionsValidate } from '@clack/core';
+import type { Validate } from '@clack/core';
 import { AutocompletePrompt, settings } from '@clack/core';
 import {
 	type CommonOptions,
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ interface AutocompleteSharedOptions<Value> extends CommonOptions {
 	 * A function that validates user input. Return a `string` or `Error` to show as a
 	 * validation error, or `undefined` to accept the result.
 	 */
-	validate?: PromptOptionsValidate<Value | Value[]>;
+	validate?: Validate<Value | Value[]>;
 
 	/**
 	 * Custom filter function to match options against the search input.
diff --git a/packages/prompts/src/date.ts b/packages/prompts/src/date.ts
index 7b2ee550..9f24e8e4 100644
--- a/packages/prompts/src/date.ts
+++ b/packages/prompts/src/date.ts
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import { styleText } from 'node:util';
-import type { DateFormat, PromptOptionsValidate, State } from '@clack/core';
-import { DatePrompt, settings } from '@clack/core';
+import type { DateFormat, State, Validate } from '@clack/core';
+import { DatePrompt, runValidation, settings } from '@clack/core';
 import { type CommonOptions, S_BAR, S_BAR_END, symbol } from './common.js';
 
 export type { DateFormat };
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ export interface DateOptions extends CommonOptions {
 	initialValue?: Date;
 	minDate?: Date;
 	maxDate?: Date;
-	validate?: PromptOptionsValidate<Date>;
+	validate?: Validate<Date>;
 }
 
 export const date = (opts: DateOptions) => {
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ export const date = (opts: DateOptions) => {
 		validate(value: Date | undefined) {
 			if (value === undefined) {
 				if (opts.defaultValue !== undefined) return undefined;
-				if (validate) return validate(value);
+				if (validate) return runValidation(validate, value);
 				return settings.date.messages.required;
 			}
 			const iso = (d: Date) => d.toISOString().slice(0, 10);
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ export const date = (opts: DateOptions) => {
 			if (opts.maxDate && iso(value) > iso(opts.maxDate)) {
 				return settings.date.messages.beforeMax(opts.maxDate);
 			}
-			if (validate) return validate(value);
+			if (validate) return runValidation(validate, value);
 			return undefined;
 		},
 		render() {
diff --git a/packages/prompts/src/password.ts b/packages/prompts/src/password.ts
index 52bf5f75..ea97372d 100644
--- a/packages/prompts/src/password.ts
+++ b/packages/prompts/src/password.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import { styleText } from 'node:util';
-import type { PromptOptionsValidate } from '@clack/core';
+import type { Validate } from '@clack/core';
 import { PasswordPrompt, settings } from '@clack/core';
 import { type CommonOptions, S_BAR, S_BAR_END, S_PASSWORD_MASK, symbol } from './common.js';
 
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ export interface PasswordOptions extends CommonOptions {
 	 * A function that validates user input. Return a `string` or `Error` to show as a
 	 * validation error, or `undefined` to accept the result.
 	 */
-	validate?: PromptOptionsValidate<string>;
+	validate?: Validate<string>;
 
 	/**
 	 * When enabled it causes the input to be cleared if/when validation fails.
diff --git a/packages/prompts/src/path.ts b/packages/prompts/src/path.ts
index 6ab4052d..5ed25856 100644
--- a/packages/prompts/src/path.ts
+++ b/packages/prompts/src/path.ts
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import { existsSync, lstatSync, readdirSync } from 'node:fs';
 import { dirname, join } from 'node:path';
-import type { PromptOptionsValidate } from '@clack/core';
+import type { Validate } from '@clack/core';
+import { runValidation } from '@clack/core';
 import { autocomplete } from './autocomplete.js';
 import type { CommonOptions } from './common.js';
 
@@ -37,7 +38,7 @@ export interface PathOptions extends CommonOptions {
 	 * A function that validates the given path. Return a `string` or `Error` to show as a
 	 * validation error, or `undefined` to accept the result.
 	 */
-	validate?: PromptOptionsValidate<string>;
+	validate?: Validate<string>;
 }
 
 /**
@@ -72,7 +73,7 @@ export const path = (opts: PathOptions) => {
 				return 'Please select a path';
 			}
 			if (validate) {
-				return validate(value);
+				return runValidation(validate, value);
 			}
 			return undefined;
 		},
diff --git a/packages/prompts/src/text.ts b/packages/prompts/src/text.ts
index fb0aa77c..1129062b 100644
--- a/packages/prompts/src/text.ts
+++ b/packages/prompts/src/text.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import { styleText } from 'node:util';
-import type { PromptOptionsValidate } from '@clack/core';
+import type { Validate } from '@clack/core';
 import { settings, TextPrompt } from '@clack/core';
 import { type CommonOptions, S_BAR, S_BAR_END, symbol } from './common.js';
 
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ export interface TextOptions extends CommonOptions {
 	 * A function that validates user input. Return a `string` or `Error` to show as a
 	 * validation error, or `undefined` to accept the result.
 	 */
-	validate?: PromptOptionsValidate<string>;
+	validate?: Validate<string>;
 }
 
 /**

From b3741536296c955a62965376ea0f09f2291d76d2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Florian Lefebvre <contact@florian-lefebvre.dev>
Date: Wed, 20 May 2026 08:40:54 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 3/9] feedback

---
 examples/basic/standard-schema-validation.ts |  2 +-
 examples/basic/text-validation.ts            |  2 +-
 packages/core/src/prompts/prompt.ts          |  7 ++++++-
 packages/core/src/utils/validation.ts        | 13 +++++++++++++
 packages/prompts/src/autocomplete.ts         |  5 +++--
 packages/prompts/src/date.ts                 |  6 ++++++
 packages/prompts/src/password.ts             |  5 +++--
 packages/prompts/src/path.ts                 |  5 +++--
 packages/prompts/src/text.ts                 |  5 +++--
 9 files changed, 39 insertions(+), 11 deletions(-)

diff --git a/examples/basic/standard-schema-validation.ts b/examples/basic/standard-schema-validation.ts
index 5bbd9546..f89d5a2f 100644
--- a/examples/basic/standard-schema-validation.ts
+++ b/examples/basic/standard-schema-validation.ts
@@ -32,4 +32,4 @@ async function main() {
 	await setTimeout(1000);
 }
 
-main().catch(console.error);
+await main().catch(console.error);
diff --git a/examples/basic/text-validation.ts b/examples/basic/text-validation.ts
index 7b928e4c..4cf3f5d9 100644
--- a/examples/basic/text-validation.ts
+++ b/examples/basic/text-validation.ts
@@ -37,4 +37,4 @@ async function main() {
 	await setTimeout(1000);
 }
 
-main().catch(console.error);
+await main().catch(console.error);
diff --git a/packages/core/src/prompts/prompt.ts b/packages/core/src/prompts/prompt.ts
index c29d0698..d95442e0 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/prompts/prompt.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/prompts/prompt.ts
@@ -20,6 +20,12 @@ export interface PromptOptions<TValue, Self extends Prompt<TValue>> {
 	render(this: Omit<Self, 'prompt'>): string | undefined;
 	initialValue?: any;
 	initialUserInput?: string;
+
+	/**
+	 * A function or a [Standard Schema](https://github.com/standard-schema/standard-schema)
+	 * that validates user input. Return a `string` or `Error` to show as a validation error,
+	 * or `undefined` to accept the result.
+	 */
 	validate?: Validate<TValue> | undefined;
 	input?: Readable;
 	output?: Writable;
@@ -233,7 +239,6 @@ export default class Prompt<TValue> {
 		if (key?.name === 'return' && this._shouldSubmit(char, key)) {
 			if (this.opts.validate) {
 				const problem = runValidation(this.opts.validate, this.value);
-
 				if (problem) {
 					this.error = problem instanceof Error ? problem.message : problem;
 					this.state = 'error';
diff --git a/packages/core/src/utils/validation.ts b/packages/core/src/utils/validation.ts
index 1d8df101..5570694e 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/utils/validation.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/utils/validation.ts
@@ -1,9 +1,21 @@
 import type { StandardSchemaV1 } from '@standard-schema/spec';
 
+/**
+ * Represents the `validate()` option. A function or a
+ * [Standard Schema](https://github.com/standard-schema/standard-schema)
+ * that validates user input. Return a `string` or `Error` to show as a
+ * validation error, or `undefined` to accept the result.
+ */
 export type Validate<TValue> =
 	| ((value: TValue | undefined) => string | Error | undefined)
 	| StandardSchemaV1<TValue | undefined, any>;
 
+/**
+ * Runs the `validate()` option and normalizes the result
+ * @param validate - The validate option
+ * @param value - The user input
+ * @returns string | Error | undefined
+ */
 export function runValidation<TValue>(
 	validate: Validate<TValue>,
 	value: TValue | undefined
@@ -11,6 +23,7 @@ export function runValidation<TValue>(
 	if ('~standard' in validate) {
 		const result = validate['~standard'].validate(value);
 		// https://standardschema.dev/schema#how-to-only-allow-synchronous-validation
+		// TODO: investigate supporting async validation
 		if (result instanceof Promise) {
 			throw new TypeError(
 				'Schema validation must be synchronous. Update `validate()` and get rid of any asynchronous logic.'
diff --git a/packages/prompts/src/autocomplete.ts b/packages/prompts/src/autocomplete.ts
index dee81839..9bc085f5 100644
--- a/packages/prompts/src/autocomplete.ts
+++ b/packages/prompts/src/autocomplete.ts
@@ -71,8 +71,9 @@ interface AutocompleteSharedOptions<Value> extends CommonOptions {
 	placeholder?: string;
 
 	/**
-	 * A function that validates user input. Return a `string` or `Error` to show as a
-	 * validation error, or `undefined` to accept the result.
+	 * A function or a [Standard Schema](https://github.com/standard-schema/standard-schema)
+	 * that validates user input. Return a `string` or `Error` to show as a validation error,
+	 * or `undefined` to accept the result.
 	 */
 	validate?: Validate<Value | Value[]>;
 
diff --git a/packages/prompts/src/date.ts b/packages/prompts/src/date.ts
index 9f24e8e4..4d0d0ca7 100644
--- a/packages/prompts/src/date.ts
+++ b/packages/prompts/src/date.ts
@@ -13,6 +13,12 @@ export interface DateOptions extends CommonOptions {
 	initialValue?: Date;
 	minDate?: Date;
 	maxDate?: Date;
+
+	/**
+	 * A function or a [Standard Schema](https://github.com/standard-schema/standard-schema)
+	 * that validates user input. Return a `string` or `Error` to show as a validation error,
+	 * or `undefined` to accept the result.
+	 */
 	validate?: Validate<Date>;
 }
 
diff --git a/packages/prompts/src/password.ts b/packages/prompts/src/password.ts
index ea97372d..3bdd5bdf 100644
--- a/packages/prompts/src/password.ts
+++ b/packages/prompts/src/password.ts
@@ -19,8 +19,9 @@ export interface PasswordOptions extends CommonOptions {
 	mask?: string;
 
 	/**
-	 * A function that validates user input. Return a `string` or `Error` to show as a
-	 * validation error, or `undefined` to accept the result.
+	 * A function or a [Standard Schema](https://github.com/standard-schema/standard-schema)
+	 * that validates user input. Return a `string` or `Error` to show as a validation error,
+	 * or `undefined` to accept the result.
 	 */
 	validate?: Validate<string>;
 
diff --git a/packages/prompts/src/path.ts b/packages/prompts/src/path.ts
index 5ed25856..6d87486b 100644
--- a/packages/prompts/src/path.ts
+++ b/packages/prompts/src/path.ts
@@ -35,8 +35,9 @@ export interface PathOptions extends CommonOptions {
 	initialValue?: string;
 
 	/**
-	 * A function that validates the given path. Return a `string` or `Error` to show as a
-	 * validation error, or `undefined` to accept the result.
+	 * A function or a [Standard Schema](https://github.com/standard-schema/standard-schema)
+	 * that validates user input. Return a `string` or `Error` to show as a validation error,
+	 * or `undefined` to accept the result.
 	 */
 	validate?: Validate<string>;
 }
diff --git a/packages/prompts/src/text.ts b/packages/prompts/src/text.ts
index 1129062b..3ca9d975 100644
--- a/packages/prompts/src/text.ts
+++ b/packages/prompts/src/text.ts
@@ -29,8 +29,9 @@ export interface TextOptions extends CommonOptions {
 	initialValue?: string;
 
 	/**
-	 * A function that validates user input. Return a `string` or `Error` to show as a
-	 * validation error, or `undefined` to accept the result.
+	 * A function or a [Standard Schema](https://github.com/standard-schema/standard-schema)
+	 * that validates user input. Return a `string` or `Error` to show as a validation error,
+	 * or `undefined` to accept the result.
 	 */
 	validate?: Validate<string>;
 }

From 491371d9e5a53541dae877f6dcfa26b77b142301 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Florian Lefebvre <contact@florian-lefebvre.dev>
Date: Wed, 20 May 2026 08:43:21 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 4/9] feedback

---
 .changeset/social-lands-talk.md              |  5 ++---
 examples/basic/standard-schema-validation.ts | 12 ++++++------
 2 files changed, 8 insertions(+), 9 deletions(-)

diff --git a/.changeset/social-lands-talk.md b/.changeset/social-lands-talk.md
index 603ffc74..7c7841fc 100644
--- a/.changeset/social-lands-talk.md
+++ b/.changeset/social-lands-talk.md
@@ -14,8 +14,7 @@ import { text } from '@clack/prompts';
 import { type } from 'arktype';
 
 const name = await text({
-	message: 'Enter your name (letters only)',
-	initialValue: 'John123', // Invalid initial value with numbers
-+	validate: type('string.alpha').describe('Name can only contain letters'),
+	message: 'Enter your email',
++	validate: type('string.email').describe('Invalid email'),
 });
 ```
diff --git a/examples/basic/standard-schema-validation.ts b/examples/basic/standard-schema-validation.ts
index f89d5a2f..6438dba2 100644
--- a/examples/basic/standard-schema-validation.ts
+++ b/examples/basic/standard-schema-validation.ts
@@ -7,9 +7,9 @@ async function main() {
 
 	// Example demonstrating the issue with initial value validation
 	const name = await text({
-		message: 'Enter your name (letters only)',
-		initialValue: 'John123', // Invalid initial value with numbers
-		validate: type('string.alpha').describe('Name can only contain letters'),
+		message: 'Enter your email',
+		initialValue: 'aaa', // Invalid initial value without @
+		validate: type('string.email').describe('Invalid email'),
 	});
 
 	if (!isCancel(name)) {
@@ -20,9 +20,9 @@ async function main() {
 
 	// Example with a valid initial value for comparison
 	const validName = await text({
-		message: 'Enter another name (letters only)',
-		initialValue: 'JohnDoe', // Valid initial value
-		validate: type('string.alpha').describe('Name can only contain letters'),
+		message: 'Enter another email',
+		initialValue: 'john.doe@example.com', // Valid initial value
+		validate: type('string.email').describe('Invalid email'),
 	});
 
 	if (!isCancel(validName)) {

From 5b6579df3823b2c86efd9a39b5694ca74a186cc3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Florian Lefebvre <contact@florian-lefebvre.dev>
Date: Wed, 20 May 2026 08:44:14 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 5/9] fix: test

---
 packages/core/test/prompts/prompt.test.ts | 18 ------------------
 1 file changed, 18 deletions(-)

diff --git a/packages/core/test/prompts/prompt.test.ts b/packages/core/test/prompts/prompt.test.ts
index 538585fc..89c1e37f 100644
--- a/packages/core/test/prompts/prompt.test.ts
+++ b/packages/core/test/prompts/prompt.test.ts
@@ -346,23 +346,5 @@ describe('Prompt', () => {
 			expect(instance.state).to.equal('error');
 			expect(instance.error).to.equal('must be "valid" (was "invalid")');
 		});
-
-		test('validates value with Error object', () => {
-			const instance = new Prompt({
-				input,
-				output,
-				render: () => 'foo',
-				validate: type.string.pipe((value) =>
-					value === 'valid' ? undefined : new Error('must be valid')
-				),
-			});
-			instance.prompt();
-
-			instance.value = 'invalid';
-			input.emit('keypress', '', { name: 'return' });
-
-			expect(instance.state).to.equal('error');
-			expect(instance.error).to.equal('must be valid');
-		});
 	});
 });

From fd18aae6106c748ad1bb6208cc391d21e83023f7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Florian Lefebvre <contact@florian-lefebvre.dev>
Date: Wed, 20 May 2026 08:51:54 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 6/9] update todo

---
 packages/core/src/utils/validation.ts | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/packages/core/src/utils/validation.ts b/packages/core/src/utils/validation.ts
index 5570694e..5338d21d 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/utils/validation.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/utils/validation.ts
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ export function runValidation<TValue>(
 	if ('~standard' in validate) {
 		const result = validate['~standard'].validate(value);
 		// https://standardschema.dev/schema#how-to-only-allow-synchronous-validation
-		// TODO: investigate supporting async validation
+		// TODO: https://github.com/bombshell-dev/clack/issues/92
 		if (result instanceof Promise) {
 			throw new TypeError(
 				'Schema validation must be synchronous. Update `validate()` and get rid of any asynchronous logic.'

From f318c5bfea5a554999778269c5a7978783c63859 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Florian Lefebvre <contact@florian-lefebvre.dev>
Date: Wed, 20 May 2026 16:48:29 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 7/9] Update packages/core/src/utils/validation.ts

Co-authored-by: James Garbutt <43081j@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 packages/core/src/utils/validation.ts | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/packages/core/src/utils/validation.ts b/packages/core/src/utils/validation.ts
index 5338d21d..87feb568 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/utils/validation.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/utils/validation.ts
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ export function runValidation<TValue>(
 		// TODO: https://github.com/bombshell-dev/clack/issues/92
 		if (result instanceof Promise) {
 			throw new TypeError(
-				'Schema validation must be synchronous. Update `validate()` and get rid of any asynchronous logic.'
+				'Schema validation must be synchronous. Update `validate()` and remove any asynchronous logic.'
 			);
 		}
 		return result.issues?.at(0)?.message;

From df2f01a3e4bf29429885f6b73b59b1c132dd2048 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Florian Lefebvre <contact@florian-lefebvre.dev>
Date: Wed, 20 May 2026 16:49:04 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 8/9] Update packages/core/src/utils/validation.ts

Co-authored-by: James Garbutt <43081j@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 packages/core/src/utils/validation.ts | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/packages/core/src/utils/validation.ts b/packages/core/src/utils/validation.ts
index 87feb568..a02b5aa1 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/utils/validation.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/utils/validation.ts
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ import type { StandardSchemaV1 } from '@standard-schema/spec';
  */
 export type Validate<TValue> =
 	| ((value: TValue | undefined) => string | Error | undefined)
-	| StandardSchemaV1<TValue | undefined, any>;
+	| StandardSchemaV1<TValue | undefined, unknown>;
 
 /**
  * Runs the `validate()` option and normalizes the result

From 3f77e8ad73a363dea57f443f59a326d266dde468 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Florian Lefebvre <contact@florian-lefebvre.dev>
Date: Wed, 20 May 2026 16:51:43 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 9/9] inline standard schema

---
 packages/core/package.json                 |  1 -
 packages/core/src/utils/standard-schema.ts | 78 ++++++++++++++++++++++
 packages/core/src/utils/validation.ts      |  2 +-
 pnpm-lock.yaml                             |  8 ---
 4 files changed, 79 insertions(+), 10 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 packages/core/src/utils/standard-schema.ts

diff --git a/packages/core/package.json b/packages/core/package.json
index 6b32a86c..0359b105 100644
--- a/packages/core/package.json
+++ b/packages/core/package.json
@@ -56,7 +56,6 @@
     "test": "vitest run"
   },
   "dependencies": {
-    "@standard-schema/spec": "^1.1.0",
     "fast-wrap-ansi": "^0.2.0",
     "sisteransi": "^1.0.5"
   },
diff --git a/packages/core/src/utils/standard-schema.ts b/packages/core/src/utils/standard-schema.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..a1103935
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/core/src/utils/standard-schema.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+// https://standardschema.dev/schema
+
+/** The Standard Schema interface. */
+export interface StandardSchemaV1<Input = unknown, Output = Input> {
+	/** The Standard Schema properties. */
+	readonly "~standard": StandardSchemaV1.Props<Input, Output>;
+}
+
+export declare namespace StandardSchemaV1 {
+	/** The Standard Schema properties interface. */
+	export interface Props<Input = unknown, Output = Input> {
+		/** The version number of the standard. */
+		readonly version: 1;
+		/** The vendor name of the schema library. */
+		readonly vendor: string;
+		/** Validates unknown input values. */
+		readonly validate: (
+			value: unknown,
+			options?: StandardSchemaV1.Options | undefined,
+		) => Result<Output> | Promise<Result<Output>>;
+		/** Inferred types associated with the schema. */
+		readonly types?: Types<Input, Output> | undefined;
+	}
+
+	/** The result interface of the validate function. */
+	export type Result<Output> = SuccessResult<Output> | FailureResult;
+
+	/** The result interface if validation succeeds. */
+	export interface SuccessResult<Output> {
+		/** The typed output value. */
+		readonly value: Output;
+		/** A falsy value for `issues` indicates success. */
+		readonly issues?: undefined;
+	}
+
+	export interface Options {
+		/** Explicit support for additional vendor-specific parameters, if needed. */
+		readonly libraryOptions?: Record<string, unknown> | undefined;
+	}
+
+	/** The result interface if validation fails. */
+	export interface FailureResult {
+		/** The issues of failed validation. */
+		readonly issues: ReadonlyArray<Issue>;
+	}
+
+	/** The issue interface of the failure output. */
+	export interface Issue {
+		/** The error message of the issue. */
+		readonly message: string;
+		/** The path of the issue, if any. */
+		readonly path?: ReadonlyArray<PropertyKey | PathSegment> | undefined;
+	}
+
+	/** The path segment interface of the issue. */
+	export interface PathSegment {
+		/** The key representing a path segment. */
+		readonly key: PropertyKey;
+	}
+
+	/** The Standard Schema types interface. */
+	export interface Types<Input = unknown, Output = Input> {
+		/** The input type of the schema. */
+		readonly input: Input;
+		/** The output type of the schema. */
+		readonly output: Output;
+	}
+
+	/** Infers the input type of a Standard Schema. */
+	export type InferInput<Schema extends StandardSchemaV1> = NonNullable<
+		Schema["~standard"]["types"]
+	>["input"];
+
+	/** Infers the output type of a Standard Schema. */
+	export type InferOutput<Schema extends StandardSchemaV1> = NonNullable<
+		Schema["~standard"]["types"]
+	>["output"];
+}
diff --git a/packages/core/src/utils/validation.ts b/packages/core/src/utils/validation.ts
index a02b5aa1..d4cf3c95 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/utils/validation.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/utils/validation.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import type { StandardSchemaV1 } from '@standard-schema/spec';
+import type { StandardSchemaV1 } from './standard-schema.js';
 
 /**
  * Represents the `validate()` option. A function or a
diff --git a/pnpm-lock.yaml b/pnpm-lock.yaml
index 5c2553d7..b8205001 100644
--- a/pnpm-lock.yaml
+++ b/pnpm-lock.yaml
@@ -63,9 +63,6 @@ importers:
 
   packages/core:
     dependencies:
-      '@standard-schema/spec':
-        specifier: ^1.1.0
-        version: 1.1.0
       fast-wrap-ansi:
         specifier: ^0.2.0
         version: 0.2.0
@@ -715,9 +712,6 @@ packages:
     cpu: [x64]
     os: [win32]
 
-  '@standard-schema/spec@1.1.0':
-    resolution: {integrity: sha512-l2aFy5jALhniG5HgqrD6jXLi/rUWrKvqN/qJx6yoJsgKhblVd+iqqU4RCXavm/jPityDo5TCvKMnpjKnOriy0w==}
-
   '@trysound/sax@0.2.0':
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-L7z9BgrNEcYyUYtF+HaEfiS5ebkh9jXqbszz7pC0hRBPaatV0XjSD3+eHrpqFemQfgwiFF0QPIarnIihIDn7OA==}
     engines: {node: '>=10.13.0'}
@@ -2386,8 +2380,6 @@ snapshots:
   '@rollup/rollup-win32-x64-msvc@4.45.1':
     optional: true
 
-  '@standard-schema/spec@1.1.0': {}
-
   '@trysound/sax@0.2.0': {}
 
   '@tybys/wasm-util@0.10.0':