[C++] Turn off exceptions in `simdjson`

[taepper]

Describe the enhancement requested

simdjson has the compilation flag SIMDJSON_EXCEPTIONS. This should be turned off to guarantee that we only use the non-throwing subset of the simdjson api.

Component(s)

C++

[Reranko05]

take

[taepper]

I was about to @ you :)

[Reranko05]

Thanks! I would appreciate any feedback on the PR :)

[kou]

Issue resolved by pull request 50672
#50672