diff --git a/airflow-core/newsfragments/71249.improvement.rst b/airflow-core/newsfragments/71249.improvement.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..43085779f4f35
--- /dev/null
+++ b/airflow-core/newsfragments/71249.improvement.rst
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+The collation used for the asset ``name``, ``uri`` and ``group`` columns on MySQL is now configurable through ``[database] sql_engine_collation_for_asset_names``. It still defaults to ``latin1_general_cs``, so existing databases are unaffected. Set it if your MySQL-compatible engine does not provide that collation.
diff --git a/airflow-core/src/airflow/config_templates/config.yml b/airflow-core/src/airflow/config_templates/config.yml
index c065b277716c4..10022889dd1fc 100644
--- a/airflow-core/src/airflow/config_templates/config.yml
+++ b/airflow-core/src/airflow/config_templates/config.yml
@@ -638,6 +638,17 @@ database:
       type: string
       example: ~
       default: ~
+    sql_engine_collation_for_asset_names:
+      description: |
+        Collation for the ``name``, ``uri`` and ``group`` columns of the asset tables on
+        ``mysql`` and ``mariadb``. These columns hold ASCII values and are indexed at 1500
+        characters, so a single-byte charset is used to stay within the maximum index size.
+        Override this if your database engine does not provide ``latin1_general_cs`` --
+        for example TiDB, which supports ``latin1_bin`` instead.
+      version_added: 3.4.0
+      type: string
+      example: "latin1_bin"
+      default: "latin1_general_cs"
     sql_alchemy_pool_enabled:
       description: |
         If SQLAlchemy should pool database connections.
diff --git a/airflow-core/src/airflow/migrations/utils.py b/airflow-core/src/airflow/migrations/utils.py
index 4eeaf373c6a87..226928ca3b843 100644
--- a/airflow-core/src/airflow/migrations/utils.py
+++ b/airflow-core/src/airflow/migrations/utils.py
@@ -61,3 +61,16 @@ def ignore_sqlite_value_error():
     if op.get_bind().dialect.name == "sqlite":
         return contextlib.suppress(ValueError)
     return contextlib.nullcontext()
+
+
+def asset_name_collation() -> str:
+    """
+    Return the MySQL collation for asset name/uri/group columns.
+
+    Mirrors ``airflow.models.base.get_asset_str_field``. Migrations resolve it at
+    run time rather than hard-coding it, because MySQL-compatible engines do not
+    all ship ``latin1_general_cs`` and a fresh install replays these migrations.
+    """
+    from airflow.configuration import conf
+
+    return conf.get("database", "sql_engine_collation_for_asset_names", fallback="latin1_general_cs")
diff --git a/airflow-core/src/airflow/migrations/versions/0000_2_6_2_squashed_migrations.py b/airflow-core/src/airflow/migrations/versions/0000_2_6_2_squashed_migrations.py
index 739e4e7f88768..49f30872754d0 100644
--- a/airflow-core/src/airflow/migrations/versions/0000_2_6_2_squashed_migrations.py
+++ b/airflow-core/src/airflow/migrations/versions/0000_2_6_2_squashed_migrations.py
@@ -34,6 +34,7 @@
 from sqlalchemy.dialects.mysql import MEDIUMTEXT
 
 from airflow.migrations.db_types import StringID
+from airflow.migrations.utils import asset_name_collation
 from airflow.utils.sqlalchemy import ExtendedJSON, UtcDateTime
 
 # revision identifiers, used by Alembic.
@@ -208,7 +209,7 @@ def upgrade() -> None:
                     length=3000,
                     # latin1 allows for more indexed length in mysql
                     # and this field should only be ascii chars
-                    collation="latin1_general_cs",
+                    collation=asset_name_collation(),
                 ),
                 "mysql",
             ),
diff --git a/airflow-core/src/airflow/migrations/versions/0022_2_10_0_add_dataset_alias.py b/airflow-core/src/airflow/migrations/versions/0022_2_10_0_add_dataset_alias.py
index 0d4a9efe0ebac..0cbe6841a4f62 100644
--- a/airflow-core/src/airflow/migrations/versions/0022_2_10_0_add_dataset_alias.py
+++ b/airflow-core/src/airflow/migrations/versions/0022_2_10_0_add_dataset_alias.py
@@ -30,6 +30,8 @@
 import sqlalchemy as sa
 from alembic import op
 
+from airflow.migrations.utils import asset_name_collation
+
 # revision identifiers, used by Alembic.
 revision = "05e19f3176be"
 down_revision = "d482b7261ff9"
@@ -46,7 +48,7 @@ def upgrade():
         sa.Column(
             "name",
             sa.String(length=3000).with_variant(
-                sa.String(length=3000, collation="latin1_general_cs"), "mysql"
+                sa.String(length=3000, collation=asset_name_collation()), "mysql"
             ),
             nullable=False,
         ),
diff --git a/airflow-core/src/airflow/migrations/versions/0036_3_0_0_add_name_field_to_dataset_model.py b/airflow-core/src/airflow/migrations/versions/0036_3_0_0_add_name_field_to_dataset_model.py
index b1f925dbffca2..a5a5cb5512b95 100644
--- a/airflow-core/src/airflow/migrations/versions/0036_3_0_0_add_name_field_to_dataset_model.py
+++ b/airflow-core/src/airflow/migrations/versions/0036_3_0_0_add_name_field_to_dataset_model.py
@@ -39,6 +39,8 @@
 import sqlalchemy as sa
 from alembic import op
 
+from airflow.migrations.utils import asset_name_collation
+
 # revision identifiers, used by Alembic.
 revision = "0d9e73a75ee4"
 down_revision = "44eabb1904b4"
@@ -47,7 +49,7 @@
 airflow_version = "3.0.0"
 
 _STRING_COLUMN_TYPE = sa.String(length=1500).with_variant(
-    sa.String(length=1500, collation="latin1_general_cs"),
+    sa.String(length=1500, collation=asset_name_collation()),
     "mysql",
 )
 
@@ -127,7 +129,7 @@ def downgrade():
         batch_op.alter_column(
             "uri",
             type_=sa.String(length=3000).with_variant(
-                sa.String(length=3000, collation="latin1_general_cs"),
+                sa.String(length=3000, collation=asset_name_collation()),
                 "mysql",
             ),
             nullable=False,
diff --git a/airflow-core/src/airflow/migrations/versions/0038_3_0_0_add_asset_active.py b/airflow-core/src/airflow/migrations/versions/0038_3_0_0_add_asset_active.py
index 2a992cab4126e..39b8d8151692b 100644
--- a/airflow-core/src/airflow/migrations/versions/0038_3_0_0_add_asset_active.py
+++ b/airflow-core/src/airflow/migrations/versions/0038_3_0_0_add_asset_active.py
@@ -30,6 +30,8 @@
 import sqlalchemy as sa
 from alembic import op
 
+from airflow.migrations.utils import asset_name_collation
+
 # revision identifiers, used by Alembic.
 revision = "5a5d66100783"
 down_revision = "c3389cd7793f"
@@ -38,7 +40,7 @@
 airflow_version = "3.0.0"
 
 _STRING_COLUMN_TYPE = sa.String(length=1500).with_variant(
-    sa.String(length=1500, collation="latin1_general_cs"),
+    sa.String(length=1500, collation=asset_name_collation()),
     "mysql",
 )
 
diff --git a/airflow-core/src/airflow/migrations/versions/0039_3_0_0_tweak_assetaliasmodel_to_match_asset.py b/airflow-core/src/airflow/migrations/versions/0039_3_0_0_tweak_assetaliasmodel_to_match_asset.py
index d0067f1288255..79ded55d6d83d 100644
--- a/airflow-core/src/airflow/migrations/versions/0039_3_0_0_tweak_assetaliasmodel_to_match_asset.py
+++ b/airflow-core/src/airflow/migrations/versions/0039_3_0_0_tweak_assetaliasmodel_to_match_asset.py
@@ -42,6 +42,8 @@
 import sqlalchemy as sa
 from alembic import op
 
+from airflow.migrations.utils import asset_name_collation
+
 # Revision identifiers, used by Alembic.
 revision = "fb2d4922cd79"
 down_revision = "5a5d66100783"
@@ -50,7 +52,7 @@
 airflow_version = "3.0.0"
 
 _STRING_COLUMN_TYPE = sa.String(length=1500).with_variant(
-    sa.String(length=1500, collation="latin1_general_cs"),
+    sa.String(length=1500, collation=asset_name_collation()),
     "mysql",
 )
 
@@ -76,7 +78,7 @@ def downgrade():
         batch_op.alter_column(
             "name",
             type_=sa.String(length=3000).with_variant(
-                sa.String(length=3000, collation="latin1_general_cs"),
+                sa.String(length=3000, collation=asset_name_collation()),
                 "mysql",
             ),
             nullable=False,
diff --git a/airflow-core/src/airflow/migrations/versions/0054_3_0_0_add_asset_reference_models.py b/airflow-core/src/airflow/migrations/versions/0054_3_0_0_add_asset_reference_models.py
index 4a34da03ecc2a..0eb50af20adb7 100644
--- a/airflow-core/src/airflow/migrations/versions/0054_3_0_0_add_asset_reference_models.py
+++ b/airflow-core/src/airflow/migrations/versions/0054_3_0_0_add_asset_reference_models.py
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
 from alembic import op
 
 from airflow.migrations.db_types import StringID
+from airflow.migrations.utils import asset_name_collation
 from airflow.utils.sqlalchemy import UtcDateTime
 
 # revision identifiers, used by Alembic.
@@ -40,7 +41,7 @@
 airflow_version = "3.0.0"
 
 ASSET_STR_FIELD = sa.String(length=1500).with_variant(
-    sa.String(length=1500, collation="latin1_general_cs"), "mysql"
+    sa.String(length=1500, collation=asset_name_collation()), "mysql"
 )
 
 
diff --git a/airflow-core/src/airflow/migrations/versions/0088_3_2_0_replace_asset_trigger_table_with_asset.py b/airflow-core/src/airflow/migrations/versions/0088_3_2_0_replace_asset_trigger_table_with_asset.py
index 81c134741f4d2..17ab84969d16a 100644
--- a/airflow-core/src/airflow/migrations/versions/0088_3_2_0_replace_asset_trigger_table_with_asset.py
+++ b/airflow-core/src/airflow/migrations/versions/0088_3_2_0_replace_asset_trigger_table_with_asset.py
@@ -30,6 +30,8 @@
 import sqlalchemy as sa
 from alembic import op
 
+from airflow.migrations.utils import asset_name_collation
+
 # revision identifiers, used by Alembic.
 revision = "15d84ca19038"
 down_revision = "509b94a1042d"
@@ -38,7 +40,7 @@
 airflow_version = "3.2.0"
 
 _STRING_COLUMN_TYPE = sa.String(length=1500).with_variant(
-    sa.String(length=1500, collation="latin1_general_cs"),
+    sa.String(length=1500, collation=asset_name_collation()),
     "mysql",
 )
 
diff --git a/airflow-core/src/airflow/models/asset.py b/airflow-core/src/airflow/models/asset.py
index 750aac8d2b73b..ccfbc72c268c4 100644
--- a/airflow-core/src/airflow/models/asset.py
+++ b/airflow-core/src/airflow/models/asset.py
@@ -30,7 +30,6 @@
     Index,
     Integer,
     PrimaryKeyConstraint,
-    String,
     Table,
     delete,
     select,
@@ -39,7 +38,7 @@
 from sqlalchemy.orm import Mapped, mapped_column, relationship
 
 from airflow._shared.timezones import timezone
-from airflow.models.base import Base, StringID
+from airflow.models.base import ASSET_STR_FIELD, Base, StringID
 from airflow.utils.sqlalchemy import UtcDateTime
 
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
@@ -147,15 +146,7 @@ class AssetWatcherModel(Base):
     """A table to store asset watchers."""
 
     name: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(
-        String(length=1500).with_variant(
-            String(
-                length=1500,
-                # latin1 allows for more indexed length in mysql
-                # and this field should only be ascii chars
-                collation="latin1_general_cs",
-            ),
-            "mysql",
-        ),
+        ASSET_STR_FIELD,
         nullable=False,
     )
     asset_id: Mapped[int] = mapped_column(Integer, primary_key=True, nullable=False)
@@ -198,27 +189,11 @@ class AssetAliasModel(Base):
 
     id: Mapped[int] = mapped_column(Integer, primary_key=True, autoincrement=True)
     name: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(
-        String(length=1500).with_variant(
-            String(
-                length=1500,
-                # latin1 allows for more indexed length in mysql
-                # and this field should only be ascii chars
-                collation="latin1_general_cs",
-            ),
-            "mysql",
-        ),
+        ASSET_STR_FIELD,
         nullable=False,
     )
     group: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(
-        String(length=1500).with_variant(
-            String(
-                length=1500,
-                # latin1 allows for more indexed length in mysql
-                # and this field should only be ascii chars
-                collation="latin1_general_cs",
-            ),
-            "mysql",
-        ),
+        ASSET_STR_FIELD,
         default="",
         nullable=False,
     )
@@ -279,39 +254,15 @@ class AssetModel(Base):
 
     id: Mapped[int] = mapped_column(Integer, primary_key=True, autoincrement=True)
     name: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(
-        String(length=1500).with_variant(
-            String(
-                length=1500,
-                # latin1 allows for more indexed length in mysql
-                # and this field should only be ascii chars
-                collation="latin1_general_cs",
-            ),
-            "mysql",
-        ),
+        ASSET_STR_FIELD,
         nullable=False,
     )
     uri: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(
-        String(length=1500).with_variant(
-            String(
-                length=1500,
-                # latin1 allows for more indexed length in mysql
-                # and this field should only be ascii chars
-                collation="latin1_general_cs",
-            ),
-            "mysql",
-        ),
+        ASSET_STR_FIELD,
         nullable=False,
     )
     group: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(
-        String(length=1500).with_variant(
-            String(
-                length=1500,
-                # latin1 allows for more indexed length in mysql
-                # and this field should only be ascii chars
-                collation="latin1_general_cs",
-            ),
-            "mysql",
-        ),
+        ASSET_STR_FIELD,
         default=str,
         nullable=False,
     )
@@ -408,27 +359,11 @@ class AssetActive(Base):
     """
 
     name: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(
-        String(length=1500).with_variant(
-            String(
-                length=1500,
-                # latin1 allows for more indexed length in mysql
-                # and this field should only be ascii chars
-                collation="latin1_general_cs",
-            ),
-            "mysql",
-        ),
+        ASSET_STR_FIELD,
         nullable=False,
     )
     uri: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(
-        String(length=1500).with_variant(
-            String(
-                length=1500,
-                # latin1 allows for more indexed length in mysql
-                # and this field should only be ascii chars
-                collation="latin1_general_cs",
-            ),
-            "mysql",
-        ),
+        ASSET_STR_FIELD,
         nullable=False,
     )
 
@@ -456,15 +391,7 @@ class DagScheduleAssetNameReference(Base):
     """Reference from a DAG to an asset name reference of which it is a consumer."""
 
     name: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(
-        String(length=1500).with_variant(
-            String(
-                length=1500,
-                # latin1 allows for more indexed length in mysql
-                # and this field should only be ascii chars
-                collation="latin1_general_cs",
-            ),
-            "mysql",
-        ),
+        ASSET_STR_FIELD,
         primary_key=True,
         nullable=False,
     )
@@ -502,15 +429,7 @@ class DagScheduleAssetUriReference(Base):
     """Reference from a DAG to an asset URI reference of which it is a consumer."""
 
     uri: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(
-        String(length=1500).with_variant(
-            String(
-                length=1500,
-                # latin1 allows for more indexed length in mysql
-                # and this field should only be ascii chars
-                collation="latin1_general_cs",
-            ),
-            "mysql",
-        ),
+        ASSET_STR_FIELD,
         primary_key=True,
         nullable=False,
     )
diff --git a/airflow-core/src/airflow/models/base.py b/airflow-core/src/airflow/models/base.py
index 1c7af7b275ab3..2840bf7e8f8a8 100644
--- a/airflow-core/src/airflow/models/base.py
+++ b/airflow-core/src/airflow/models/base.py
@@ -83,6 +83,23 @@ def get_id_collation_args():
 COLLATION_ARGS: dict[str, Any] = get_id_collation_args()
 
 
+def get_asset_str_field(length: int = 1500) -> String:
+    """
+    Build the string type used for asset name/uri/group columns.
+
+    On MySQL these carry an explicit latin1 collation: the values are ASCII, and
+    a 1-byte-per-character charset keeps the 1500-char unique indexes inside the
+    3072-byte index limit that utf8mb4 would blow past. The collation is
+    overridable because MySQL-compatible engines do not all ship
+    ``latin1_general_cs`` (TiDB, for one, accepts only ``latin1_bin``).
+    """
+    collation = conf.get("database", "sql_engine_collation_for_asset_names", fallback="latin1_general_cs")
+    return String(length=length).with_variant(String(length=length, collation=collation), "mysql")
+
+
+ASSET_STR_FIELD: String = get_asset_str_field()
+
+
 def StringID(*, length=ID_LEN, **kwargs) -> String:
     return String(length=length, **kwargs, **COLLATION_ARGS)