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<h1 class="title">Topic 12: Inference Practice</h1>
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About
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<p>In this activity, we are introduced to a decision tree document for determining how to compute the standard error component of a confidence interval or test statistic. We are also provided with a general framework for approaching hypothesis testing and confidence interval applications, and we practice with three scaffolded examples.</p>
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<div class="sourceCode cell-code hidden" id="cb1" data-startfrom="74" data-source-offset="0"><pre class="sourceCode js code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode javascript" style="counter-reset: source-line 73;"><span id="cb1-74"><a href="#cb1-74" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>{</span>
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<span id="cb1-83"><a href="#cb1-83" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="vs"> ">🔄 Reset My Responses</button>`</span><span class="op">;</span></span>
<span id="cb1-84"><a href="#cb1-84" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb1-85"><a href="#cb1-85" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> btn<span class="op">.</span><span class="at">onclick</span> <span class="op">=</span> () <span class="kw">=></span> {</span>
<span id="cb1-86"><a href="#cb1-86" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="cf">if</span> (<span class="fu">confirm</span>(<span class="st">'Reset all responses for this activity? This cannot be undone.'</span>)) {</span>
<span id="cb1-87"><a href="#cb1-87" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="bu">Object</span><span class="op">.</span><span class="fu">keys</span>(localStorage)</span>
<span id="cb1-88"><a href="#cb1-88" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="op">.</span><span class="fu">filter</span>(k <span class="kw">=></span> k<span class="op">.</span><span class="fu">endsWith</span>(<span class="st">'_selected_t12'</span>) <span class="op">||</span> k<span class="op">.</span><span class="fu">endsWith</span>(<span class="st">'_correct_t12'</span>) <span class="op">||</span> k<span class="op">.</span><span class="fu">endsWith</span>(<span class="st">'_result_t12'</span>))</span>
<span id="cb1-89"><a href="#cb1-89" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="op">.</span><span class="fu">forEach</span>(k <span class="kw">=></span> localStorage<span class="op">.</span><span class="fu">removeItem</span>(k))<span class="op">;</span></span>
<span id="cb1-90"><a href="#cb1-90" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> location<span class="op">.</span><span class="fu">reload</span>()<span class="op">;</span></span>
<span id="cb1-91"><a href="#cb1-91" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> }</span>
<span id="cb1-92"><a href="#cb1-92" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> }<span class="op">;</span></span>
<span id="cb1-93"><a href="#cb1-93" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb1-94"><a href="#cb1-94" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="cf">return</span> btn<span class="op">;</span></span>
<span id="cb1-95"><a href="#cb1-95" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>}</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
<div class="cell-output cell-output-display">
<div id="ojs-cell-1" data-nodetype="expression">
</div>
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<p><em>Note.</em> The button above resets multiple choice and checkbox questions. Currently, resetting code cells must be done manually via hitting the <em>Start Over</em> button on each individual interactive cell.</p>
</div>
</div>
<section id="inference-practice" class="level2">
<h2 class="anchored" data-anchor-id="inference-practice">Inference Practice</h2>
<p>In the Topic 11 activity you learned about statistical inference — hypothesis tests and confidence intervals — for categorical variables. In this activity we’ll continue where we left off. You’ll start with a video explaining the <a href="www/StdErrorDecisionTree.pdf" target="_blank"><em>Standard Error Decision Tree</em></a>, and then move on to a few practice problems.</p>
</section>
<section id="a-tour-of-the-decision-tree" class="level2">
<h2 class="anchored" data-anchor-id="a-tour-of-the-decision-tree">A Tour of the Decision Tree</h2>
<p>From this point on you’ll make heavy use of the <a href="www/StdErrorDecisionTree.pdf" target="_blank"><em>Standard Error Decision Tree</em></a>. The tree may look intimidating, but it contains most of what you’ll need for the what remains in our introductory course. Let’s start with a tour.</p>
<center>
<iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/5bAylfMIArg?start=16" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen=""></iframe>
</center>
</section>
<section id="practice-problems" class="level2">
<h2 class="anchored" data-anchor-id="practice-problems">Practice Problems</h2>
<p>This section contains three practice problems. Be sure to note any questions you have or trouble you run into. You might also check back with the Topic 11 activity to revisit the videos from Dr. Diez and Dr. McClintock Pileggi, which discussed approaches similar to the ones required for these problems. The links below contain detailed versions of the general strategies for our inference tasks — keep them handy!</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="www/HTgeneral.pdf" target="_blank">General Strategy for Conducting a Hypothesis Test</a></li>
<li><a href="www/CIgeneral.pdf" target="_blank">General Strategy for Computing a Confidence Interval</a></li>
</ul>
<hr>
<p><strong>Scenario 1a:</strong> The result of a poll was that 48% of 331 randomly sampled Americans who decided not to go to college were forced into that decision because they cannot afford it. Construct a 90% confidence interval for the proportion of non college educated Americans who decided not to go to college because they cannot afford it, and interpret the result in context.</p>
<p>Use the code block below for any necessary computations.</p>
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<script type="webr-4-contents">
eyJhdHRyIjp7ImVkaXQiOnRydWUsImV4ZXJjaXNlIjoidHJ5LWl0LTFhLWNvZGUtYmxvY2siLCJldmFsIjp0cnVlLCJwZXJzaXN0Ijp0cnVlfSwiY29kZSI6IiMgVXNlIHRoaXMgYmxvY2sgZm9yIHNjcmF0Y2ggY2FsY3VsYXRpb25zIn0=
</script>
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<div class="hint webr-ojs-exercise exercise-hint d-none" data-exercise="try-it-1a-code-block">
<div class="callout callout-style-default callout-note callout-titled">
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Hint 1
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<div class="callout-btn-toggle d-inline-block border-0 py-1 ps-1 pe-0 float-end"><i class="callout-toggle"></i></div>
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<p>What type of inference task is being requested — a confidence interval, a hypothesis test, a probability, or a required sample size?</p>
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<div class="hint webr-ojs-exercise exercise-hint d-none" data-exercise="try-it-1a-code-block">
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Hint 2
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<div class="callout-btn-toggle d-inline-block border-0 py-1 ps-1 pe-0 float-end"><i class="callout-toggle"></i></div>
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<p>This is a confidence interval problem. Open the <a href="www/CIgeneral.pdf" target="_blank">General Strategy for Computing a Confidence Interval</a> document and identify the first piece of information you need.</p>
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<div class="hint webr-ojs-exercise exercise-hint d-none" data-exercise="try-it-1a-code-block">
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Hint 3
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<div class="callout-btn-toggle d-inline-block border-0 py-1 ps-1 pe-0 float-end"><i class="callout-toggle"></i></div>
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<p>The first piece you need is the point estimate. What value from the problem serves as your best single estimate for the population proportion?</p>
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Hint 4
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<div class="callout-btn-toggle d-inline-block border-0 py-1 ps-1 pe-0 float-end"><i class="callout-toggle"></i></div>
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<p>The point estimate is 0.48. Now consult the Standard Error Decision Tree — what formula gives the standard error for a single proportion?</p>
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<div class="hint webr-ojs-exercise exercise-hint d-none" data-exercise="try-it-1a-code-block">
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Hint 5
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<div class="callout-btn-toggle d-inline-block border-0 py-1 ps-1 pe-0 float-end"><i class="callout-toggle"></i></div>
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<p>The standard error formula is <span class="math inline">\(S_E = \sqrt{p(1-p)/n}\)</span>. What are the values of <span class="math inline">\(p\)</span> and <span class="math inline">\(n\)</span> here?</p>
<div class="cell">
<div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb2"><pre class="sourceCode r code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb2-1"><a href="#cb2-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>se <span class="ot"><-</span> <span class="fu">sqrt</span>(___<span class="sc">*</span>(<span class="dv">1</span> <span class="sc">-</span> ___)<span class="sc">/</span>___)</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
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<div class="hint webr-ojs-exercise exercise-hint d-none" data-exercise="try-it-1a-code-block">
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<div class="callout-title-container flex-fill">
Hint 6
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<div class="callout-btn-toggle d-inline-block border-0 py-1 ps-1 pe-0 float-end"><i class="callout-toggle"></i></div>
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<p>With <span class="math inline">\(p = 0.48\)</span> and <span class="math inline">\(n = 331\)</span>, compute the standard error. Then identify the critical value for a 90% confidence interval from the table at the top of the decision tree.</p>
<div class="cell">
<div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb3"><pre class="sourceCode r code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb3-1"><a href="#cb3-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>se <span class="ot"><-</span> <span class="fu">sqrt</span>(<span class="fl">0.48</span><span class="sc">*</span>(<span class="dv">1</span> <span class="sc">-</span> <span class="fl">0.48</span>)<span class="sc">/</span><span class="dv">331</span>)</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
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<div class="hint webr-ojs-exercise exercise-hint d-none" data-exercise="try-it-1a-code-block">
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<div class="callout-header d-flex align-content-center" data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target=".callout-8-contents" aria-controls="callout-8" aria-expanded="true" aria-label="Toggle callout">
<div class="callout-icon-container">
<i class="callout-icon"></i>
</div>
<div class="callout-title-container flex-fill">
Hint 7
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<div class="callout-btn-toggle d-inline-block border-0 py-1 ps-1 pe-0 float-end"><i class="callout-toggle"></i></div>
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<p>Now that you have the <em>point estimate</em>, the <em>critical value</em>, and the <em>standard error</em>, you can construct the upper and lower bounds for the confidence interval.</p>
<div class="cell">
<div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb4"><pre class="sourceCode r code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb4-1"><a href="#cb4-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>se <span class="ot"><-</span> <span class="fu">sqrt</span>(<span class="fl">0.48</span><span class="sc">*</span>(<span class="dv">1</span> <span class="sc">-</span> <span class="fl">0.48</span>)<span class="sc">/</span><span class="dv">331</span>)</span>
<span id="cb4-2"><a href="#cb4-2" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb4-3"><a href="#cb4-3" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#Lower bound</span></span>
<span id="cb4-4"><a href="#cb4-4" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>___ <span class="sc">-</span> (___ <span class="sc">*</span> ___)</span>
<span id="cb4-5"><a href="#cb4-5" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb4-6"><a href="#cb4-6" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#Upper bound</span></span>
<span id="cb4-7"><a href="#cb4-7" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>___ <span class="sc">+</span> (___ <span class="sc">*</span> ___)</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
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<div class="hint webr-ojs-exercise exercise-hint d-none" data-exercise="try-it-1a-code-block">
<div class="callout callout-style-default callout-note callout-titled">
<div class="callout-header d-flex align-content-center" data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target=".callout-9-contents" aria-controls="callout-9" aria-expanded="true" aria-label="Toggle callout">
<div class="callout-icon-container">
<i class="callout-icon"></i>
</div>
<div class="callout-title-container flex-fill">
Hint 8
</div>
<div class="callout-btn-toggle d-inline-block border-0 py-1 ps-1 pe-0 float-end"><i class="callout-toggle"></i></div>
</div>
<div id="callout-9" class="callout-9-contents callout-collapse collapse show">
<div class="callout-body-container callout-body">
<p>The <em>point estimate</em> fills the first blank in both cases.</p>
<div class="cell">
<div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb5"><pre class="sourceCode r code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb5-1"><a href="#cb5-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>se <span class="ot"><-</span> <span class="fu">sqrt</span>(<span class="fl">0.48</span><span class="sc">*</span>(<span class="dv">1</span> <span class="sc">-</span> <span class="fl">0.48</span>)<span class="sc">/</span><span class="dv">331</span>)</span>
<span id="cb5-2"><a href="#cb5-2" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb5-3"><a href="#cb5-3" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#Lower bound</span></span>
<span id="cb5-4"><a href="#cb5-4" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fl">0.48</span> <span class="sc">-</span> (___ <span class="sc">*</span> ___)</span>
<span id="cb5-5"><a href="#cb5-5" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb5-6"><a href="#cb5-6" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#Upper bound</span></span>
<span id="cb5-7"><a href="#cb5-7" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fl">0.48</span> <span class="sc">+</span> (___ <span class="sc">*</span> ___)</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="hint webr-ojs-exercise exercise-hint d-none" data-exercise="try-it-1a-code-block">
<div class="callout callout-style-default callout-note callout-titled">
<div class="callout-header d-flex align-content-center" data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target=".callout-10-contents" aria-controls="callout-10" aria-expanded="true" aria-label="Toggle callout">
<div class="callout-icon-container">
<i class="callout-icon"></i>
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<div class="callout-title-container flex-fill">
Hint 9 (Solved)
</div>
<div class="callout-btn-toggle d-inline-block border-0 py-1 ps-1 pe-0 float-end"><i class="callout-toggle"></i></div>
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<div id="callout-10" class="callout-10-contents callout-collapse collapse show">
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<p>The <em>critical value</em> and <em>standard error</em> are multiplied together to obtain the <em>margin of error</em>.</p>
<div class="cell">
<div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb6"><pre class="sourceCode r code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb6-1"><a href="#cb6-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>se <span class="ot"><-</span> <span class="fu">sqrt</span>(<span class="fl">0.48</span><span class="sc">*</span>(<span class="dv">1</span> <span class="sc">-</span> <span class="fl">0.48</span>)<span class="sc">/</span><span class="dv">331</span>)</span>
<span id="cb6-2"><a href="#cb6-2" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb6-3"><a href="#cb6-3" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#Lower bound</span></span>
<span id="cb6-4"><a href="#cb6-4" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fl">0.48</span> <span class="sc">-</span> (<span class="fl">1.65</span> <span class="sc">*</span> se)</span>
<span id="cb6-5"><a href="#cb6-5" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb6-6"><a href="#cb6-6" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#Upper bound</span></span>
<span id="cb6-7"><a href="#cb6-7" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fl">0.48</span> <span class="sc">+</span> (<span class="fl">1.65</span> <span class="sc">*</span> se)</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
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<div class="callout callout-style-default callout-caution callout-titled">
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Check Your Understanding: Scenario 1a, Part I
</div>
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<div class="callout-body-container callout-body">
<p>To answer the question as asked, we should:</p>
<div class="cell">
<div class="sourceCode cell-code hidden" id="cb7" data-startfrom="276" data-source-offset="-1"><pre class="sourceCode js code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode javascript" style="counter-reset: source-line 275;"><span id="cb7-276"><a href="#cb7-276" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>mutable ok_response <span class="op">=</span> (response<span class="op">,</span> n) <span class="kw">=></span> { <span class="cf">return</span> <span class="fu">html</span><span class="vs">`Loading...`</span> }<span class="op">;</span></span>
<span id="cb7-277"><a href="#cb7-277" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>viewof q1 <span class="op">=</span> Inputs<span class="op">.</span><span class="fu">radio</span>(</span>
<span id="cb7-278"><a href="#cb7-278" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="kw">new</span> <span class="bu">Map</span>([</span>
<span id="cb7-279"><a href="#cb7-279" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> [<span class="st">"Compute a probability."</span><span class="op">,</span> <span class="dv">1</span>]<span class="op">,</span></span>
<span id="cb7-280"><a href="#cb7-280" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> [<span class="st">"Find a required sample size."</span><span class="op">,</span> <span class="dv">2</span>]<span class="op">,</span></span>
<span id="cb7-281"><a href="#cb7-281" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> [<span class="st">"Construct a confidence interval."</span><span class="op">,</span> <span class="dv">3</span>]<span class="op">,</span></span>
<span id="cb7-282"><a href="#cb7-282" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> [<span class="st">"Conduct a hypothesis test."</span><span class="op">,</span> <span class="dv">4</span>]</span>
<span id="cb7-283"><a href="#cb7-283" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> ])<span class="op">,</span></span>
<span id="cb7-284"><a href="#cb7-284" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> {<span class="dt">value</span><span class="op">:</span> <span class="bu">JSON</span><span class="op">.</span><span class="fu">parse</span>(localStorage<span class="op">.</span><span class="fu">getItem</span>(<span class="st">"q1_selected_t12"</span>) <span class="op">??</span> <span class="st">"null"</span>)}</span>
<span id="cb7-285"><a href="#cb7-285" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>)<span class="op">;</span></span>
<span id="cb7-286"><a href="#cb7-286" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb7-287"><a href="#cb7-287" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>{</span>
<span id="cb7-288"><a href="#cb7-288" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> localStorage<span class="op">.</span><span class="fu">setItem</span>(<span class="st">"q1_selected_t12"</span><span class="op">,</span> <span class="bu">JSON</span><span class="op">.</span><span class="fu">stringify</span>(q1))<span class="op">;</span></span>
<span id="cb7-289"><a href="#cb7-289" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> localStorage<span class="op">.</span><span class="fu">setItem</span>(<span class="st">"q1_correct_t12"</span><span class="op">,</span> <span class="st">"3"</span>)<span class="op">;</span></span>
<span id="cb7-290"><a href="#cb7-290" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> localStorage<span class="op">.</span><span class="fu">setItem</span>(<span class="st">"q1_result_t12"</span><span class="op">,</span> q1 <span class="op">===</span> <span class="kw">null</span> <span class="op">?</span> <span class="st">"unattempted"</span> <span class="op">:</span> (q1 <span class="op">==</span> <span class="dv">3</span> <span class="op">?</span> <span class="st">"correct"</span> <span class="op">:</span> <span class="st">"incorrect"</span>))<span class="op">;</span></span>
<span id="cb7-291"><a href="#cb7-291" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>}</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
<div class="cell-output cell-output-display">
<div>
<div id="ojs-cell-2-1" data-nodetype="declaration">
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="cell-output cell-output-display">
<div>
<div id="ojs-cell-2-2" data-nodetype="declaration">
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="cell-output cell-output-display">
<div>
<div id="ojs-cell-2-3" data-nodetype="expression">
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sourceCode cell-code hidden" id="cb8" data-startfrom="292" data-source-offset="-571"><pre class="sourceCode js code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode javascript" style="counter-reset: source-line 291;"><span id="cb8-292"><a href="#cb8-292" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">ok_response</span>(q1<span class="op">,</span> <span class="st">"3"</span>)<span class="op">;</span></span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
<div class="cell-output cell-output-display">
<div>
<div id="ojs-cell-2-4" data-nodetype="expression">
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="callout callout-style-default callout-caution callout-titled">
<div class="callout-header d-flex align-content-center">
<div class="callout-icon-container">
<i class="callout-icon"></i>
</div>
<div class="callout-title-container flex-fill">
Check Your Understanding: Scenario 1a, Part II
</div>
</div>
<div class="callout-body-container callout-body">
<p>The point estimate is:</p>
<div class="cell">
<div class="sourceCode cell-code hidden" id="cb9" data-startfrom="305" data-source-offset="-1"><pre class="sourceCode js code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode javascript" style="counter-reset: source-line 304;"><span id="cb9-305"><a href="#cb9-305" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>viewof q2 <span class="op">=</span> Inputs<span class="op">.</span><span class="fu">radio</span>(</span>
<span id="cb9-306"><a href="#cb9-306" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="kw">new</span> <span class="bu">Map</span>([</span>
<span id="cb9-307"><a href="#cb9-307" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> [<span class="st">"48"</span><span class="op">,</span> <span class="dv">1</span>]<span class="op">,</span></span>
<span id="cb9-308"><a href="#cb9-308" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> [<span class="st">"331"</span><span class="op">,</span> <span class="dv">2</span>]<span class="op">,</span></span>
<span id="cb9-309"><a href="#cb9-309" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> [<span class="st">"0.48"</span><span class="op">,</span> <span class="dv">3</span>]<span class="op">,</span></span>
<span id="cb9-310"><a href="#cb9-310" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> [<span class="st">"0.145"</span><span class="op">,</span> <span class="dv">4</span>]<span class="op">,</span></span>
<span id="cb9-311"><a href="#cb9-311" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> [<span class="st">"159"</span><span class="op">,</span> <span class="dv">5</span>]</span>
<span id="cb9-312"><a href="#cb9-312" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> ])<span class="op">,</span></span>
<span id="cb9-313"><a href="#cb9-313" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> {<span class="dt">value</span><span class="op">:</span> <span class="bu">JSON</span><span class="op">.</span><span class="fu">parse</span>(localStorage<span class="op">.</span><span class="fu">getItem</span>(<span class="st">"q2_selected_t12"</span>) <span class="op">??</span> <span class="st">"null"</span>)}</span>
<span id="cb9-314"><a href="#cb9-314" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>)<span class="op">;</span></span>
<span id="cb9-315"><a href="#cb9-315" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb9-316"><a href="#cb9-316" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>{</span>
<span id="cb9-317"><a href="#cb9-317" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> localStorage<span class="op">.</span><span class="fu">setItem</span>(<span class="st">"q2_selected_t12"</span><span class="op">,</span> <span class="bu">JSON</span><span class="op">.</span><span class="fu">stringify</span>(q2))<span class="op">;</span></span>
<span id="cb9-318"><a href="#cb9-318" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> localStorage<span class="op">.</span><span class="fu">setItem</span>(<span class="st">"q2_correct_t12"</span><span class="op">,</span> <span class="st">"3"</span>)<span class="op">;</span></span>
<span id="cb9-319"><a href="#cb9-319" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> localStorage<span class="op">.</span><span class="fu">setItem</span>(<span class="st">"q2_result_t12"</span><span class="op">,</span> q2 <span class="op">===</span> <span class="kw">null</span> <span class="op">?</span> <span class="st">"unattempted"</span> <span class="op">:</span> (q2 <span class="op">==</span> <span class="dv">3</span> <span class="op">?</span> <span class="st">"correct"</span> <span class="op">:</span> <span class="st">"incorrect"</span>))<span class="op">;</span></span>
<span id="cb9-320"><a href="#cb9-320" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>}</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
<div class="cell-output cell-output-display">
<div>
<div id="ojs-cell-3-1" data-nodetype="declaration">
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="cell-output cell-output-display">
<div>
<div id="ojs-cell-3-2" data-nodetype="expression">
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sourceCode cell-code hidden" id="cb10" data-startfrom="321" data-source-offset="-425"><pre class="sourceCode js code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode javascript" style="counter-reset: source-line 320;"><span id="cb10-321"><a href="#cb10-321" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">ok_response</span>(q2<span class="op">,</span> <span class="st">"3"</span>)<span class="op">;</span></span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
<div class="cell-output cell-output-display">
<div>
<div id="ojs-cell-3-3" data-nodetype="expression">
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="callout callout-style-default callout-caution callout-titled">
<div class="callout-header d-flex align-content-center">
<div class="callout-icon-container">
<i class="callout-icon"></i>
</div>
<div class="callout-title-container flex-fill">
Check Your Understanding: Scenario 1a, Part III
</div>
</div>
<div class="callout-body-container callout-body">
<p>The standard error formula is:</p>
<div class="cell">
<div class="sourceCode cell-code hidden" id="cb11" data-startfrom="334" data-source-offset="-1"><pre class="sourceCode js code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode javascript" style="counter-reset: source-line 333;"><span id="cb11-334"><a href="#cb11-334" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>viewof q3 <span class="op">=</span> Inputs<span class="op">.</span><span class="fu">radio</span>(</span>
<span id="cb11-335"><a href="#cb11-335" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="kw">new</span> <span class="bu">Map</span>([</span>
<span id="cb11-336"><a href="#cb11-336" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> [<span class="st">"SE = s/sqrt(n)"</span><span class="op">,</span> <span class="dv">1</span>]<span class="op">,</span></span>
<span id="cb11-337"><a href="#cb11-337" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> [<span class="st">"SE = sigma/sqrt(n)"</span><span class="op">,</span> <span class="dv">2</span>]<span class="op">,</span></span>
<span id="cb11-338"><a href="#cb11-338" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> [<span class="st">"SE = sqrt(p(1-p)/n)"</span><span class="op">,</span> <span class="dv">3</span>]<span class="op">,</span></span>
<span id="cb11-339"><a href="#cb11-339" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> [<span class="st">"SE = sqrt(p1(1-p1)/n1 + p2(1-p2)/n2)"</span><span class="op">,</span> <span class="dv">4</span>]<span class="op">,</span></span>
<span id="cb11-340"><a href="#cb11-340" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> [<span class="st">"SE = sqrt(s1²/n1 + s2²/n2)"</span><span class="op">,</span> <span class="dv">5</span>]</span>
<span id="cb11-341"><a href="#cb11-341" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> ])<span class="op">,</span></span>
<span id="cb11-342"><a href="#cb11-342" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> {<span class="dt">value</span><span class="op">:</span> <span class="bu">JSON</span><span class="op">.</span><span class="fu">parse</span>(localStorage<span class="op">.</span><span class="fu">getItem</span>(<span class="st">"q3_selected_t12"</span>) <span class="op">??</span> <span class="st">"null"</span>)}</span>
<span id="cb11-343"><a href="#cb11-343" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>)<span class="op">;</span></span>
<span id="cb11-344"><a href="#cb11-344" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb11-345"><a href="#cb11-345" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>{</span>
<span id="cb11-346"><a href="#cb11-346" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> localStorage<span class="op">.</span><span class="fu">setItem</span>(<span class="st">"q3_selected_t12"</span><span class="op">,</span> <span class="bu">JSON</span><span class="op">.</span><span class="fu">stringify</span>(q3))<span class="op">;</span></span>
<span id="cb11-347"><a href="#cb11-347" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> localStorage<span class="op">.</span><span class="fu">setItem</span>(<span class="st">"q3_correct_t12"</span><span class="op">,</span> <span class="st">"3"</span>)<span class="op">;</span></span>
<span id="cb11-348"><a href="#cb11-348" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> localStorage<span class="op">.</span><span class="fu">setItem</span>(<span class="st">"q3_result_t12"</span><span class="op">,</span> q3 <span class="op">===</span> <span class="kw">null</span> <span class="op">?</span> <span class="st">"unattempted"</span> <span class="op">:</span> (q3 <span class="op">==</span> <span class="dv">3</span> <span class="op">?</span> <span class="st">"correct"</span> <span class="op">:</span> <span class="st">"incorrect"</span>))<span class="op">;</span></span>
<span id="cb11-349"><a href="#cb11-349" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>}</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
<div class="cell-output cell-output-display">
<div>
<div id="ojs-cell-4-1" data-nodetype="declaration">
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="cell-output cell-output-display">
<div>
<div id="ojs-cell-4-2" data-nodetype="expression">
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sourceCode cell-code hidden" id="cb12" data-startfrom="350" data-source-offset="-521"><pre class="sourceCode js code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode javascript" style="counter-reset: source-line 349;"><span id="cb12-350"><a href="#cb12-350" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">ok_response</span>(q3<span class="op">,</span> <span class="st">"3"</span>)<span class="op">;</span></span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
<div class="cell-output cell-output-display">
<div>
<div id="ojs-cell-4-3" data-nodetype="expression">
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="callout callout-style-default callout-caution callout-titled">
<div class="callout-header d-flex align-content-center">
<div class="callout-icon-container">
<i class="callout-icon"></i>
</div>
<div class="callout-title-container flex-fill">
Check Your Understanding: Scenario 1a, Part IV
</div>
</div>
<div class="callout-body-container callout-body">
<p>The standard error (rounded to four decimal places) is:</p>
<div class="cell">
<div class="sourceCode cell-code hidden" id="cb13" data-startfrom="363" data-source-offset="-1"><pre class="sourceCode js code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode javascript" style="counter-reset: source-line 362;"><span id="cb13-363"><a href="#cb13-363" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>viewof q4 <span class="op">=</span> Inputs<span class="op">.</span><span class="fu">radio</span>(</span>
<span id="cb13-364"><a href="#cb13-364" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="kw">new</span> <span class="bu">Map</span>([</span>
<span id="cb13-365"><a href="#cb13-365" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> [<span class="st">"0.0008"</span><span class="op">,</span> <span class="dv">1</span>]<span class="op">,</span></span>
<span id="cb13-366"><a href="#cb13-366" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> [<span class="st">"0.0052"</span><span class="op">,</span> <span class="dv">2</span>]<span class="op">,</span></span>
<span id="cb13-367"><a href="#cb13-367" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> [<span class="st">"0.0275"</span><span class="op">,</span> <span class="dv">3</span>]<span class="op">,</span></span>
<span id="cb13-368"><a href="#cb13-368" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> [<span class="st">"0.0721"</span><span class="op">,</span> <span class="dv">4</span>]<span class="op">,</span></span>
<span id="cb13-369"><a href="#cb13-369" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> [<span class="st">"undefined"</span><span class="op">,</span> <span class="dv">5</span>]</span>
<span id="cb13-370"><a href="#cb13-370" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> ])<span class="op">,</span></span>
<span id="cb13-371"><a href="#cb13-371" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> {<span class="dt">value</span><span class="op">:</span> <span class="bu">JSON</span><span class="op">.</span><span class="fu">parse</span>(localStorage<span class="op">.</span><span class="fu">getItem</span>(<span class="st">"q4_selected_t12"</span>) <span class="op">??</span> <span class="st">"null"</span>)}</span>
<span id="cb13-372"><a href="#cb13-372" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>)<span class="op">;</span></span>
<span id="cb13-373"><a href="#cb13-373" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb13-374"><a href="#cb13-374" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>{</span>
<span id="cb13-375"><a href="#cb13-375" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> localStorage<span class="op">.</span><span class="fu">setItem</span>(<span class="st">"q4_selected_t12"</span><span class="op">,</span> <span class="bu">JSON</span><span class="op">.</span><span class="fu">stringify</span>(q4))<span class="op">;</span></span>
<span id="cb13-376"><a href="#cb13-376" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> localStorage<span class="op">.</span><span class="fu">setItem</span>(<span class="st">"q4_correct_t12"</span><span class="op">,</span> <span class="st">"3"</span>)<span class="op">;</span></span>
<span id="cb13-377"><a href="#cb13-377" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> localStorage<span class="op">.</span><span class="fu">setItem</span>(<span class="st">"q4_result_t12"</span><span class="op">,</span> q4 <span class="op">===</span> <span class="kw">null</span> <span class="op">?</span> <span class="st">"unattempted"</span> <span class="op">:</span> (q4 <span class="op">==</span> <span class="dv">3</span> <span class="op">?</span> <span class="st">"correct"</span> <span class="op">:</span> <span class="st">"incorrect"</span>))<span class="op">;</span></span>
<span id="cb13-378"><a href="#cb13-378" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>}</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
<div class="cell-output cell-output-display">
<div>
<div id="ojs-cell-5-1" data-nodetype="declaration">
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="cell-output cell-output-display">
<div>
<div id="ojs-cell-5-2" data-nodetype="expression">
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sourceCode cell-code hidden" id="cb14" data-startfrom="379" data-source-offset="-441"><pre class="sourceCode js code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode javascript" style="counter-reset: source-line 378;"><span id="cb14-379"><a href="#cb14-379" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">ok_response</span>(q4<span class="op">,</span> <span class="st">"3"</span>)<span class="op">;</span></span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
<div class="cell-output cell-output-display">
<div>
<div id="ojs-cell-5-3" data-nodetype="expression">
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="callout callout-style-default callout-caution callout-titled">
<div class="callout-header d-flex align-content-center">
<div class="callout-icon-container">
<i class="callout-icon"></i>
</div>
<div class="callout-title-container flex-fill">
Check Your Understanding: Scenario 1a, Part V
</div>
</div>
<div class="callout-body-container callout-body">
<p>The distribution to be used is:</p>
<div class="cell">
<div class="sourceCode cell-code hidden" id="cb15" data-startfrom="392" data-source-offset="-1"><pre class="sourceCode js code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode javascript" style="counter-reset: source-line 391;"><span id="cb15-392"><a href="#cb15-392" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>viewof q5 <span class="op">=</span> Inputs<span class="op">.</span><span class="fu">radio</span>(</span>
<span id="cb15-393"><a href="#cb15-393" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="kw">new</span> <span class="bu">Map</span>([</span>
<span id="cb15-394"><a href="#cb15-394" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> [<span class="st">"Normal."</span><span class="op">,</span> <span class="dv">1</span>]<span class="op">,</span></span>
<span id="cb15-395"><a href="#cb15-395" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> [<span class="st">"t-distribution with df = n - 1."</span><span class="op">,</span> <span class="dv">2</span>]<span class="op">,</span></span>
<span id="cb15-396"><a href="#cb15-396" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> [<span class="st">"t-distribution with df = min(n1-1, n2-1)."</span><span class="op">,</span> <span class="dv">3</span>]<span class="op">,</span></span>
<span id="cb15-397"><a href="#cb15-397" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> [<span class="st">"t-distribution with df = n_diff - 1."</span><span class="op">,</span> <span class="dv">4</span>]<span class="op">,</span></span>
<span id="cb15-398"><a href="#cb15-398" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> [<span class="st">"We should not use either distribution."</span><span class="op">,</span> <span class="dv">5</span>]</span>
<span id="cb15-399"><a href="#cb15-399" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> ])<span class="op">,</span></span>
<span id="cb15-400"><a href="#cb15-400" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> {<span class="dt">value</span><span class="op">:</span> <span class="bu">JSON</span><span class="op">.</span><span class="fu">parse</span>(localStorage<span class="op">.</span><span class="fu">getItem</span>(<span class="st">"q5_selected_t12"</span>) <span class="op">??</span> <span class="st">"null"</span>)}</span>
<span id="cb15-401"><a href="#cb15-401" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>)<span class="op">;</span></span>
<span id="cb15-402"><a href="#cb15-402" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb15-403"><a href="#cb15-403" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>{</span>
<span id="cb15-404"><a href="#cb15-404" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> localStorage<span class="op">.</span><span class="fu">setItem</span>(<span class="st">"q5_selected_t12"</span><span class="op">,</span> <span class="bu">JSON</span><span class="op">.</span><span class="fu">stringify</span>(q5))<span class="op">;</span></span>
<span id="cb15-405"><a href="#cb15-405" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> localStorage<span class="op">.</span><span class="fu">setItem</span>(<span class="st">"q5_correct_t12"</span><span class="op">,</span> <span class="st">"1"</span>)<span class="op">;</span></span>
<span id="cb15-406"><a href="#cb15-406" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> localStorage<span class="op">.</span><span class="fu">setItem</span>(<span class="st">"q5_result_t12"</span><span class="op">,</span> q5 <span class="op">===</span> <span class="kw">null</span> <span class="op">?</span> <span class="st">"unattempted"</span> <span class="op">:</span> (q5 <span class="op">==</span> <span class="dv">1</span> <span class="op">?</span> <span class="st">"correct"</span> <span class="op">:</span> <span class="st">"incorrect"</span>))<span class="op">;</span></span>
<span id="cb15-407"><a href="#cb15-407" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>}</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
<div class="cell-output cell-output-display">
<div>
<div id="ojs-cell-6-1" data-nodetype="declaration">
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="cell-output cell-output-display">
<div>
<div id="ojs-cell-6-2" data-nodetype="expression">
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sourceCode cell-code hidden" id="cb16" data-startfrom="408" data-source-offset="-561"><pre class="sourceCode js code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode javascript" style="counter-reset: source-line 407;"><span id="cb16-408"><a href="#cb16-408" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">ok_response</span>(q5<span class="op">,</span> <span class="st">"1"</span>)<span class="op">;</span></span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
<div class="cell-output cell-output-display">
<div>
<div id="ojs-cell-6-3" data-nodetype="expression">
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="callout callout-style-default callout-caution callout-titled">
<div class="callout-header d-flex align-content-center">
<div class="callout-icon-container">
<i class="callout-icon"></i>
</div>
<div class="callout-title-container flex-fill">
Check Your Understanding: Scenario 1a, Part VI
</div>
</div>
<div class="callout-body-container callout-body">
<p>The desired level of confidence is:</p>
<div class="cell">
<div class="sourceCode cell-code hidden" id="cb17" data-startfrom="421" data-source-offset="-1"><pre class="sourceCode js code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode javascript" style="counter-reset: source-line 420;"><span id="cb17-421"><a href="#cb17-421" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>viewof q6 <span class="op">=</span> Inputs<span class="op">.</span><span class="fu">radio</span>(</span>
<span id="cb17-422"><a href="#cb17-422" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="kw">new</span> <span class="bu">Map</span>([</span>
<span id="cb17-423"><a href="#cb17-423" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> [<span class="st">"0.90%"</span><span class="op">,</span> <span class="dv">1</span>]<span class="op">,</span></span>
<span id="cb17-424"><a href="#cb17-424" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> [<span class="st">"90%"</span><span class="op">,</span> <span class="dv">2</span>]<span class="op">,</span></span>
<span id="cb17-425"><a href="#cb17-425" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> [<span class="st">"95%"</span><span class="op">,</span> <span class="dv">3</span>]<span class="op">,</span></span>
<span id="cb17-426"><a href="#cb17-426" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> [<span class="st">"98%"</span><span class="op">,</span> <span class="dv">4</span>]<span class="op">,</span></span>
<span id="cb17-427"><a href="#cb17-427" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> [<span class="st">"99%"</span><span class="op">,</span> <span class="dv">5</span>]</span>
<span id="cb17-428"><a href="#cb17-428" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> ])<span class="op">,</span></span>
<span id="cb17-429"><a href="#cb17-429" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> {<span class="dt">value</span><span class="op">:</span> <span class="bu">JSON</span><span class="op">.</span><span class="fu">parse</span>(localStorage<span class="op">.</span><span class="fu">getItem</span>(<span class="st">"q6_selected_t12"</span>) <span class="op">??</span> <span class="st">"null"</span>)}</span>
<span id="cb17-430"><a href="#cb17-430" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>)<span class="op">;</span></span>
<span id="cb17-431"><a href="#cb17-431" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb17-432"><a href="#cb17-432" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>{</span>
<span id="cb17-433"><a href="#cb17-433" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> localStorage<span class="op">.</span><span class="fu">setItem</span>(<span class="st">"q6_selected_t12"</span><span class="op">,</span> <span class="bu">JSON</span><span class="op">.</span><span class="fu">stringify</span>(q6))<span class="op">;</span></span>
<span id="cb17-434"><a href="#cb17-434" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> localStorage<span class="op">.</span><span class="fu">setItem</span>(<span class="st">"q6_correct_t12"</span><span class="op">,</span> <span class="st">"2"</span>)<span class="op">;</span></span>
<span id="cb17-435"><a href="#cb17-435" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> localStorage<span class="op">.</span><span class="fu">setItem</span>(<span class="st">"q6_result_t12"</span><span class="op">,</span> q6 <span class="op">===</span> <span class="kw">null</span> <span class="op">?</span> <span class="st">"unattempted"</span> <span class="op">:</span> (q6 <span class="op">==</span> <span class="dv">2</span> <span class="op">?</span> <span class="st">"correct"</span> <span class="op">:</span> <span class="st">"incorrect"</span>))<span class="op">;</span></span>
<span id="cb17-436"><a href="#cb17-436" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>}</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
<div class="cell-output cell-output-display">
<div>
<div id="ojs-cell-7-1" data-nodetype="declaration">
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="cell-output cell-output-display">
<div>
<div id="ojs-cell-7-2" data-nodetype="expression">
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sourceCode cell-code hidden" id="cb18" data-startfrom="437" data-source-offset="-425"><pre class="sourceCode js code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode javascript" style="counter-reset: source-line 436;"><span id="cb18-437"><a href="#cb18-437" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">ok_response</span>(q6<span class="op">,</span> <span class="st">"2"</span>)<span class="op">;</span></span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
<div class="cell-output cell-output-display">
<div>
<div id="ojs-cell-7-3" data-nodetype="expression">
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="callout callout-style-default callout-caution callout-titled">
<div class="callout-header d-flex align-content-center">
<div class="callout-icon-container">
<i class="callout-icon"></i>
</div>
<div class="callout-title-container flex-fill">
Check Your Understanding: Scenario 1a, Part VII
</div>
</div>
<div class="callout-body-container callout-body">
<p>The critical value is:</p>
<div class="cell">
<div class="sourceCode cell-code hidden" id="cb19" data-startfrom="450" data-source-offset="-1"><pre class="sourceCode js code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode javascript" style="counter-reset: source-line 449;"><span id="cb19-450"><a href="#cb19-450" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>viewof q7 <span class="op">=</span> Inputs<span class="op">.</span><span class="fu">radio</span>(</span>
<span id="cb19-451"><a href="#cb19-451" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="kw">new</span> <span class="bu">Map</span>([</span>
<span id="cb19-452"><a href="#cb19-452" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> [<span class="st">"1.65"</span><span class="op">,</span> <span class="dv">1</span>]<span class="op">,</span></span>
<span id="cb19-453"><a href="#cb19-453" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> [<span class="st">"1.96"</span><span class="op">,</span> <span class="dv">2</span>]<span class="op">,</span></span>
<span id="cb19-454"><a href="#cb19-454" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> [<span class="st">"2.00"</span><span class="op">,</span> <span class="dv">3</span>]<span class="op">,</span></span>
<span id="cb19-455"><a href="#cb19-455" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> [<span class="st">"2.33"</span><span class="op">,</span> <span class="dv">4</span>]<span class="op">,</span></span>
<span id="cb19-456"><a href="#cb19-456" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> [<span class="st">"2.58"</span><span class="op">,</span> <span class="dv">5</span>]<span class="op">,</span></span>
<span id="cb19-457"><a href="#cb19-457" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> ])<span class="op">,</span></span>
<span id="cb19-458"><a href="#cb19-458" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> {<span class="dt">value</span><span class="op">:</span> <span class="bu">JSON</span><span class="op">.</span><span class="fu">parse</span>(localStorage<span class="op">.</span><span class="fu">getItem</span>(<span class="st">"q7_selected_t12"</span>) <span class="op">??</span> <span class="st">"null"</span>)}</span>
<span id="cb19-459"><a href="#cb19-459" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>)<span class="op">;</span></span>
<span id="cb19-460"><a href="#cb19-460" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb19-461"><a href="#cb19-461" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>{</span>
<span id="cb19-462"><a href="#cb19-462" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> localStorage<span class="op">.</span><span class="fu">setItem</span>(<span class="st">"q7_selected_t12"</span><span class="op">,</span> <span class="bu">JSON</span><span class="op">.</span><span class="fu">stringify</span>(q7))<span class="op">;</span></span>
<span id="cb19-463"><a href="#cb19-463" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> localStorage<span class="op">.</span><span class="fu">setItem</span>(<span class="st">"q7_correct_t12"</span><span class="op">,</span> <span class="st">"1"</span>)<span class="op">;</span></span>
<span id="cb19-464"><a href="#cb19-464" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> localStorage<span class="op">.</span><span class="fu">setItem</span>(<span class="st">"q7_result_t12"</span><span class="op">,</span> q7 <span class="op">===</span> <span class="kw">null</span> <span class="op">?</span> <span class="st">"unattempted"</span> <span class="op">:</span> (q7 <span class="op">==</span> <span class="dv">1</span> <span class="op">?</span> <span class="st">"correct"</span> <span class="op">:</span> <span class="st">"incorrect"</span>))<span class="op">;</span></span>
<span id="cb19-465"><a href="#cb19-465" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>}</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
<div class="cell-output cell-output-display">
<div>
<div id="ojs-cell-8-1" data-nodetype="declaration">
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="cell-output cell-output-display">
<div>
<div id="ojs-cell-8-2" data-nodetype="expression">
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sourceCode cell-code hidden" id="cb20" data-startfrom="466" data-source-offset="-429"><pre class="sourceCode js code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode javascript" style="counter-reset: source-line 465;"><span id="cb20-466"><a href="#cb20-466" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">ok_response</span>(q7<span class="op">,</span> <span class="st">"1"</span>)<span class="op">;</span></span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
<div class="cell-output cell-output-display">
<div>
<div id="ojs-cell-8-3" data-nodetype="expression">
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="callout callout-style-default callout-caution callout-titled">
<div class="callout-header d-flex align-content-center">
<div class="callout-icon-container">
<i class="callout-icon"></i>
</div>
<div class="callout-title-container flex-fill">
Check Your Understanding: Scenario 1a, Part VIII
</div>
</div>
<div class="callout-body-container callout-body">
<p>The correct expression for computing the confidence interval is:</p>
<div class="cell">
<div class="sourceCode cell-code hidden" id="cb21" data-startfrom="479" data-source-offset="-1"><pre class="sourceCode js code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode javascript" style="counter-reset: source-line 478;"><span id="cb21-479"><a href="#cb21-479" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>viewof q8 <span class="op">=</span> Inputs<span class="op">.</span><span class="fu">radio</span>(</span>
<span id="cb21-480"><a href="#cb21-480" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="kw">new</span> <span class="bu">Map</span>([</span>
<span id="cb21-481"><a href="#cb21-481" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> [<span class="st">"0.0275 ± (1.65 · 0.48)"</span><span class="op">,</span> <span class="dv">1</span>]<span class="op">,</span></span>
<span id="cb21-482"><a href="#cb21-482" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> [<span class="st">"1.65 ± (0.48 · 0.0275)"</span><span class="op">,</span> <span class="dv">2</span>]<span class="op">,</span></span>
<span id="cb21-483"><a href="#cb21-483" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> [<span class="st">"48 ± (1.65 · 0.0275)"</span><span class="op">,</span> <span class="dv">3</span>]<span class="op">,</span></span>
<span id="cb21-484"><a href="#cb21-484" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> [<span class="st">"48 ± (1.65 · 0.48)"</span><span class="op">,</span> <span class="dv">4</span>]<span class="op">,</span></span>
<span id="cb21-485"><a href="#cb21-485" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> [<span class="st">"0.48 ± (1.65 · 0.0275)"</span><span class="op">,</span> <span class="dv">5</span>]<span class="op">,</span></span>
<span id="cb21-486"><a href="#cb21-486" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> ])<span class="op">,</span></span>
<span id="cb21-487"><a href="#cb21-487" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> {<span class="dt">value</span><span class="op">:</span> <span class="bu">JSON</span><span class="op">.</span><span class="fu">parse</span>(localStorage<span class="op">.</span><span class="fu">getItem</span>(<span class="st">"q8_selected_t12"</span>) <span class="op">??</span> <span class="st">"null"</span>)}</span>
<span id="cb21-488"><a href="#cb21-488" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>)<span class="op">;</span></span>
<span id="cb21-489"><a href="#cb21-489" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb21-490"><a href="#cb21-490" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>{</span>
<span id="cb21-491"><a href="#cb21-491" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> localStorage<span class="op">.</span><span class="fu">setItem</span>(<span class="st">"q8_selected_t12"</span><span class="op">,</span> <span class="bu">JSON</span><span class="op">.</span><span class="fu">stringify</span>(q8))<span class="op">;</span></span>
<span id="cb21-492"><a href="#cb21-492" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> localStorage<span class="op">.</span><span class="fu">setItem</span>(<span class="st">"q8_correct_t12"</span><span class="op">,</span> <span class="st">"5"</span>)<span class="op">;</span></span>
<span id="cb21-493"><a href="#cb21-493" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> localStorage<span class="op">.</span><span class="fu">setItem</span>(<span class="st">"q8_result_t12"</span><span class="op">,</span> q8 <span class="op">===</span> <span class="kw">null</span> <span class="op">?</span> <span class="st">"unattempted"</span> <span class="op">:</span> (q8 <span class="op">==</span> <span class="dv">5</span> <span class="op">?</span> <span class="st">"correct"</span> <span class="op">:</span> <span class="st">"incorrect"</span>))<span class="op">;</span></span>
<span id="cb21-494"><a href="#cb21-494" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>}</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
<div class="cell-output cell-output-display">
<div>
<div id="ojs-cell-9-1" data-nodetype="declaration">
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="cell-output cell-output-display">
<div>
<div id="ojs-cell-9-2" data-nodetype="expression">
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sourceCode cell-code hidden" id="cb22" data-startfrom="495" data-source-offset="-513"><pre class="sourceCode js code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode javascript" style="counter-reset: source-line 494;"><span id="cb22-495"><a href="#cb22-495" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">ok_response</span>(q8<span class="op">,</span> <span class="st">"5"</span>)<span class="op">;</span></span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
<div class="cell-output cell-output-display">
<div>
<div id="ojs-cell-9-3" data-nodetype="expression">
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="callout callout-style-default callout-caution callout-titled">
<div class="callout-header d-flex align-content-center">
<div class="callout-icon-container">
<i class="callout-icon"></i>
</div>
<div class="callout-title-container flex-fill">
Check Your Understanding: Scenario 1a, Part IX
</div>
</div>
<div class="callout-body-container callout-body">
<p>The correct lower and upper bounds for the confidence interval are:</p>
<div class="cell">
<div class="sourceCode cell-code hidden" id="cb23" data-startfrom="508" data-source-offset="-1"><pre class="sourceCode js code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode javascript" style="counter-reset: source-line 507;"><span id="cb23-508"><a href="#cb23-508" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>viewof q9 <span class="op">=</span> Inputs<span class="op">.</span><span class="fu">radio</span>(</span>
<span id="cb23-509"><a href="#cb23-509" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="kw">new</span> <span class="bu">Map</span>([</span>
<span id="cb23-510"><a href="#cb23-510" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> [<span class="st">"-0.0322 and 0.0586"</span><span class="op">,</span> <span class="dv">1</span>]<span class="op">,</span></span>
<span id="cb23-511"><a href="#cb23-511" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> [<span class="st">"0.0322 and 0.0586"</span><span class="op">,</span> <span class="dv">2</span>]<span class="op">,</span></span>
<span id="cb23-512"><a href="#cb23-512" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> [<span class="st">"0.38 and 0.58"</span><span class="op">,</span> <span class="dv">3</span>]<span class="op">,</span></span>
<span id="cb23-513"><a href="#cb23-513" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> [<span class="st">"0.4346 and 0.5254"</span><span class="op">,</span> <span class="dv">4</span>]<span class="op">,</span></span>
<span id="cb23-514"><a href="#cb23-514" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> [<span class="st">"1.17 and 2.13"</span><span class="op">,</span> <span class="dv">5</span>]</span>
<span id="cb23-515"><a href="#cb23-515" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> ])<span class="op">,</span></span>
<span id="cb23-516"><a href="#cb23-516" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> {<span class="dt">value</span><span class="op">:</span> <span class="bu">JSON</span><span class="op">.</span><span class="fu">parse</span>(localStorage<span class="op">.</span><span class="fu">getItem</span>(<span class="st">"q9_selected_t12"</span>) <span class="op">??</span> <span class="st">"null"</span>)}</span>
<span id="cb23-517"><a href="#cb23-517" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>)<span class="op">;</span></span>
<span id="cb23-518"><a href="#cb23-518" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb23-519"><a href="#cb23-519" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>{</span>
<span id="cb23-520"><a href="#cb23-520" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> localStorage<span class="op">.</span><span class="fu">setItem</span>(<span class="st">"q9_selected_t12"</span><span class="op">,</span> <span class="bu">JSON</span><span class="op">.</span><span class="fu">stringify</span>(q9))<span class="op">;</span></span>
<span id="cb23-521"><a href="#cb23-521" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> localStorage<span class="op">.</span><span class="fu">setItem</span>(<span class="st">"q9_correct_t12"</span><span class="op">,</span> <span class="st">"4"</span>)<span class="op">;</span></span>
<span id="cb23-522"><a href="#cb23-522" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> localStorage<span class="op">.</span><span class="fu">setItem</span>(<span class="st">"q9_result_t12"</span><span class="op">,</span> q9 <span class="op">===</span> <span class="kw">null</span> <span class="op">?</span> <span class="st">"unattempted"</span> <span class="op">:</span> (q9 <span class="op">==</span> <span class="dv">4</span> <span class="op">?</span> <span class="st">"correct"</span> <span class="op">:</span> <span class="st">"incorrect"</span>))<span class="op">;</span></span>
<span id="cb23-523"><a href="#cb23-523" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>}</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
<div class="cell-output cell-output-display">
<div>
<div id="ojs-cell-10-1" data-nodetype="declaration">
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="cell-output cell-output-display">
<div>
<div id="ojs-cell-10-2" data-nodetype="expression">
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sourceCode cell-code hidden" id="cb24" data-startfrom="524" data-source-offset="-486"><pre class="sourceCode js code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode javascript" style="counter-reset: source-line 523;"><span id="cb24-524"><a href="#cb24-524" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">ok_response</span>(q9<span class="op">,</span> <span class="st">"4"</span>)<span class="op">;</span></span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
<div class="cell-output cell-output-display">
<div>
<div id="ojs-cell-10-3" data-nodetype="expression">
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="callout callout-style-default callout-caution callout-titled">
<div class="callout-header d-flex align-content-center">
<div class="callout-icon-container">
<i class="callout-icon"></i>
</div>
<div class="callout-title-container flex-fill">
Check Your Understanding: Scenario 1a, Part X
</div>
</div>
<div class="callout-body-container callout-body">
<p>The correct interpretation of this confidence interval is:</p>
<div class="cell">
<div class="sourceCode cell-code hidden" id="cb25" data-startfrom="537" data-source-offset="-1"><pre class="sourceCode js code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode javascript" style="counter-reset: source-line 536;"><span id="cb25-537"><a href="#cb25-537" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>viewof q10 <span class="op">=</span> Inputs<span class="op">.</span><span class="fu">radio</span>(</span>
<span id="cb25-538"><a href="#cb25-538" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="kw">new</span> <span class="bu">Map</span>([</span>
<span id="cb25-539"><a href="#cb25-539" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> [<span class="st">"Of all Americans who choose not to attend college, we are 90% confident that the true proportion making that choice because they cannot afford it is between 43.46% and 52.54%."</span><span class="op">,</span> <span class="dv">1</span>]<span class="op">,</span></span>
<span id="cb25-540"><a href="#cb25-540" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> [<span class="st">"We are 90% confident that between 43.46% and 52.54% of Americans choose not to go to college."</span><span class="op">,</span> <span class="dv">2</span>]<span class="op">,</span></span>
<span id="cb25-541"><a href="#cb25-541" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> [<span class="st">"We are 90% confident that the sample proportion of Americans choosing not to go to college because they cannot afford it is between 43.46% and 52.54%."</span><span class="op">,</span> <span class="dv">3</span>]<span class="op">,</span></span>
<span id="cb25-542"><a href="#cb25-542" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> [<span class="st">"There is a 90% chance that the proportion of Americans choosing not to go to college because they cannot afford it is between 43.46% and 52.54%."</span><span class="op">,</span> <span class="dv">4</span>]</span>
<span id="cb25-543"><a href="#cb25-543" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> ])<span class="op">,</span></span>
<span id="cb25-544"><a href="#cb25-544" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> {<span class="dt">value</span><span class="op">:</span> <span class="bu">JSON</span><span class="op">.</span><span class="fu">parse</span>(localStorage<span class="op">.</span><span class="fu">getItem</span>(<span class="st">"q10_selected_t12"</span>) <span class="op">??</span> <span class="st">"null"</span>)}</span>
<span id="cb25-545"><a href="#cb25-545" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>)<span class="op">;</span></span>
<span id="cb25-546"><a href="#cb25-546" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb25-547"><a href="#cb25-547" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>{</span>
<span id="cb25-548"><a href="#cb25-548" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> localStorage<span class="op">.</span><span class="fu">setItem</span>(<span class="st">"q10_selected_t12"</span><span class="op">,</span> <span class="bu">JSON</span><span class="op">.</span><span class="fu">stringify</span>(q10))<span class="op">;</span></span>
<span id="cb25-549"><a href="#cb25-549" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> localStorage<span class="op">.</span><span class="fu">setItem</span>(<span class="st">"q10_correct_t12"</span><span class="op">,</span> <span class="st">"1"</span>)<span class="op">;</span></span>
<span id="cb25-550"><a href="#cb25-550" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> localStorage<span class="op">.</span><span class="fu">setItem</span>(<span class="st">"q10_result_t12"</span><span class="op">,</span> q10 <span class="op">===</span> <span class="kw">null</span> <span class="op">?</span> <span class="st">"unattempted"</span> <span class="op">:</span> (q10 <span class="op">==</span> <span class="dv">1</span> <span class="op">?</span> <span class="st">"correct"</span> <span class="op">:</span> <span class="st">"incorrect"</span>))<span class="op">;</span></span>
<span id="cb25-551"><a href="#cb25-551" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>}</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
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<div class="sourceCode cell-code hidden" id="cb26" data-startfrom="552" data-source-offset="-965"><pre class="sourceCode js code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode javascript" style="counter-reset: source-line 551;"><span id="cb26-552"><a href="#cb26-552" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">ok_response</span>(q10<span class="op">,</span> <span class="st">"1"</span>)<span class="op">;</span></span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
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Check Your Understanding: Scenario 1a, Part XI
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<p>Does this your interval suggest that a <em>majority</em> of Americans choosing not to go to college have made that choice because they cannot afford it?</p>
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<div class="sourceCode cell-code hidden" id="cb27" data-startfrom="565" data-source-offset="-1"><pre class="sourceCode js code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode javascript" style="counter-reset: source-line 564;"><span id="cb27-565"><a href="#cb27-565" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>viewof q11 <span class="op">=</span> Inputs<span class="op">.</span><span class="fu">radio</span>(</span>
<span id="cb27-566"><a href="#cb27-566" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="kw">new</span> <span class="bu">Map</span>([</span>
<span id="cb27-567"><a href="#cb27-567" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> [<span class="st">"Yes. The confidence interval results in proportions above 50%."</span><span class="op">,</span> <span class="dv">1</span>]<span class="op">,</span></span>
<span id="cb27-568"><a href="#cb27-568" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> [<span class="st">"No. The confidence interval contains proportions both above and below 50%."</span><span class="op">,</span> <span class="dv">2</span>]<span class="op">,</span></span>
<span id="cb27-569"><a href="#cb27-569" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> [<span class="st">"No. It actually shows that a minority make this choice for this reason because the confidence interval contains proportions below 50%."</span><span class="op">,</span> <span class="dv">3</span>]<span class="op">,</span></span>
<span id="cb27-570"><a href="#cb27-570" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> [<span class="st">"It is impossible to say, since a different sample would result in a different confidence interval."</span><span class="op">,</span> <span class="dv">4</span>]</span>
<span id="cb27-571"><a href="#cb27-571" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> ])<span class="op">,</span></span>
<span id="cb27-572"><a href="#cb27-572" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> {<span class="dt">value</span><span class="op">:</span> <span class="bu">JSON</span><span class="op">.</span><span class="fu">parse</span>(localStorage<span class="op">.</span><span class="fu">getItem</span>(<span class="st">"q11_selected_t12"</span>) <span class="op">??</span> <span class="st">"null"</span>)}</span>
<span id="cb27-573"><a href="#cb27-573" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>)<span class="op">;</span></span>
<span id="cb27-574"><a href="#cb27-574" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb27-575"><a href="#cb27-575" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>{</span>
<span id="cb27-576"><a href="#cb27-576" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> localStorage<span class="op">.</span><span class="fu">setItem</span>(<span class="st">"q11_selected_t12"</span><span class="op">,</span> <span class="bu">JSON</span><span class="op">.</span><span class="fu">stringify</span>(q11))<span class="op">;</span></span>
<span id="cb27-577"><a href="#cb27-577" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> localStorage<span class="op">.</span><span class="fu">setItem</span>(<span class="st">"q11_correct_t12"</span><span class="op">,</span> <span class="st">"2"</span>)<span class="op">;</span></span>
<span id="cb27-578"><a href="#cb27-578" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> localStorage<span class="op">.</span><span class="fu">setItem</span>(<span class="st">"q11_result_t12"</span><span class="op">,</span> q11 <span class="op">===</span> <span class="kw">null</span> <span class="op">?</span> <span class="st">"unattempted"</span> <span class="op">:</span> (q11 <span class="op">==</span> <span class="dv">2</span> <span class="op">?</span> <span class="st">"correct"</span> <span class="op">:</span> <span class="st">"incorrect"</span>))<span class="op">;</span></span>
<span id="cb27-579"><a href="#cb27-579" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>}</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
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