diff --git a/.env.example b/.env.example
deleted file mode 100644
index 977ffee..0000000
--- a/.env.example
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,15 +0,0 @@
-DATABASE_URL="postgresql://openerrata:openerrata_dev@localhost:5433/openerrata"
-OPENAI_API_KEY="sk-..."
-OPENAI_MODEL_ID="gpt-5.4-thinking"
-OPENAI_MAX_RESPONSE_TOOL_ROUNDS=150
-WORKER_CONCURRENCY=250
-HMAC_SECRET="dev-hmac-secret-change-in-production"
-SELECTOR_BUDGET=100
-IP_RANGE_CREDIT_CAP=10
-BLOB_STORAGE_ENDPOINT="http://localhost:9000"
-BLOB_STORAGE_BUCKET="openerrata-images"
-BLOB_STORAGE_ACCESS_KEY_ID="openerrata_minio"
-BLOB_STORAGE_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY="openerrata_minio_secret"
-BLOB_STORAGE_PUBLIC_URL_PREFIX="http://localhost:9000/openerrata-images"
-DATABASE_ENCRYPTION_KEY="dev-database-encryption-key-change-in-production"
-DATABASE_ENCRYPTION_KEY_ID="primary"
diff --git a/.github/actions/setup-typescript-workspace/action.yml b/.github/actions/setup-typescript-workspace/action.yml
index de0dbde..3ae054e 100644
--- a/.github/actions/setup-typescript-workspace/action.yml
+++ b/.github/actions/setup-typescript-workspace/action.yml
@@ -3,11 +3,9 @@ description: Install pnpm and Node.js dependencies for the TypeScript workspace
 
 inputs:
   node-version:
+    # Keep in step with the node:<version>-slim base of api/ and frontend/ Dockerfiles.
     description: Node.js version
-    default: "22.13.1"
-  pnpm-version:
-    description: pnpm version
-    default: "10.24.0"
+    default: "22.23.3"
   generate-prisma:
     description: Whether to run pnpm db:generate
     default: "true"
@@ -22,12 +20,13 @@ runs:
   using: composite
   steps:
     - name: Install pnpm
-      uses: pnpm/action-setup@v4
+      uses: pnpm/action-setup@b906affcce14559ad1aafd4ab0e942779e9f58b1 # v4.3.0
       with:
-        version: ${{ inputs.pnpm-version }}
+        # The version comes from packageManager, which Docker builds also use.
+        package_json_file: src/typescript/package.json
 
     - name: Setup Node.js
-      uses: actions/setup-node@v4
+      uses: actions/setup-node@49933ea5288caeca8642d1e84afbd3f7d6820020 # v4.4.0
       with:
         node-version: ${{ inputs.node-version }}
         cache: pnpm
diff --git a/.github/workflows/deploy.yml b/.github/workflows/deploy.yml
index 0e8a99c..9e0f61d 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/deploy.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/deploy.yml
@@ -16,9 +16,12 @@ on:
           - staging
           - main
 
+# One run per stack at a time, push and manual dispatch alike. A newer run
+# waits rather than cancelling one that may be mid-`pulumi up`; GitHub keeps
+# only the newest pending run per group.
 concurrency:
-  group: deploy-${{ github.event_name == 'push' && github.ref_name || format('dispatch-{0}', github.run_id) }}
-  cancel-in-progress: true
+  group: deploy-${{ github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch' && inputs.environment || github.ref_name }}
+  cancel-in-progress: false
 
 permissions:
   contents: read
@@ -83,7 +86,7 @@ jobs:
 
       - name: Checkout
         if: steps.decide.outputs.should_deploy != 'true'
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        uses: actions/checkout@11d5960a326750d5838078e36cf38b85af677262 # v4.4.0
         with:
           fetch-depth: 0
 
@@ -143,7 +146,7 @@ jobs:
       - name: Detect deployable path changes since last deploy
         id: filter
         if: steps.decide.outputs.should_deploy != 'true'
-        uses: dorny/paths-filter@v3
+        uses: dorny/paths-filter@0e4a8c6effa4802afeda77dc8d303f8176d7dfad # v3.0.4
         with:
           base: ${{ steps.last_deploy.outputs.sha }}
           filters: |
@@ -184,10 +187,13 @@ jobs:
     timeout-minutes: 10
     steps:
       - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        uses: actions/checkout@11d5960a326750d5838078e36cf38b85af677262 # v4.4.0
 
       - name: Setup Helm
-        uses: azure/setup-helm@v4
+        uses: azure/setup-helm@1a275c3b69536ee54be43f2070a358922e12c8d4 # v4.3.1
+        with:
+          # Helm 3, the engine Pulumi's helm.v3.Chart renders the chart with.
+          version: v3.22.0
 
       - name: Lint chart
         shell: bash
@@ -208,7 +214,7 @@ jobs:
       DATABASE_URL: postgresql://postgres:postgres@localhost:5432/postgres
     steps:
       - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        uses: actions/checkout@11d5960a326750d5838078e36cf38b85af677262 # v4.4.0
 
       - name: Setup TypeScript workspace
         uses: ./.github/actions/setup-typescript-workspace
@@ -228,7 +234,7 @@ jobs:
       DATABASE_URL: postgresql://postgres:postgres@localhost:5432/postgres
     steps:
       - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        uses: actions/checkout@11d5960a326750d5838078e36cf38b85af677262 # v4.4.0
 
       - name: Setup TypeScript workspace
         uses: ./.github/actions/setup-typescript-workspace
@@ -260,7 +266,7 @@ jobs:
           --health-retries 5
     steps:
       - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        uses: actions/checkout@11d5960a326750d5838078e36cf38b85af677262 # v4.4.0
 
       - name: Setup TypeScript workspace
         uses: ./.github/actions/setup-typescript-workspace
@@ -280,7 +286,7 @@ jobs:
       DATABASE_URL: postgresql://postgres:postgres@localhost:5432/postgres
     steps:
       - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        uses: actions/checkout@11d5960a326750d5838078e36cf38b85af677262 # v4.4.0
 
       - name: Setup TypeScript workspace
         uses: ./.github/actions/setup-typescript-workspace
@@ -293,7 +299,7 @@ jobs:
         run: tar -C extension -czf "$RUNNER_TEMP/extension-dist.tgz" dist
 
       - name: Upload extension dist artifact
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@ea165f8d65b6e75b540449e92b4886f43607fa02 # v4.6.2
         with:
           name: extension-dist-${{ github.sha }}
           path: ${{ runner.temp }}/extension-dist.tgz
@@ -304,7 +310,7 @@ jobs:
         run: tar -C frontend -czf "$RUNNER_TEMP/frontend-build.tgz" build
 
       - name: Upload frontend build artifact
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@ea165f8d65b6e75b540449e92b4886f43607fa02 # v4.6.2
         with:
           name: frontend-build-${{ github.sha }}
           path: ${{ runner.temp }}/frontend-build.tgz
@@ -320,7 +326,7 @@ jobs:
         working-directory: src/typescript
     steps:
       - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        uses: actions/checkout@11d5960a326750d5838078e36cf38b85af677262 # v4.4.0
 
       - name: Setup TypeScript workspace
         uses: ./.github/actions/setup-typescript-workspace
@@ -329,7 +335,7 @@ jobs:
           install-playwright-chromium: "true"
 
       - name: Download extension dist artifact
-        uses: actions/download-artifact@v4
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@d3f86a106a0bac45b974a628896c90dbdf5c8093 # v4.3.0
         with:
           name: extension-dist-${{ github.sha }}
           path: ${{ runner.temp }}
@@ -351,7 +357,7 @@ jobs:
         working-directory: src/typescript
     steps:
       - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        uses: actions/checkout@11d5960a326750d5838078e36cf38b85af677262 # v4.4.0
 
       - name: Setup TypeScript workspace
         uses: ./.github/actions/setup-typescript-workspace
@@ -360,7 +366,7 @@ jobs:
           install-playwright-chromium: "true"
 
       - name: Download frontend build artifact
-        uses: actions/download-artifact@v4
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@d3f86a106a0bac45b974a628896c90dbdf5c8093 # v4.3.0
         with:
           name: frontend-build-${{ github.sha }}
           path: ${{ runner.temp }}
@@ -394,17 +400,17 @@ jobs:
       frontend_image_digest: ${{ steps.build-frontend.outputs.digest }}
     steps:
       - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        uses: actions/checkout@11d5960a326750d5838078e36cf38b85af677262 # v4.4.0
 
       - name: Login to GHCR
-        uses: docker/login-action@v3
+        uses: docker/login-action@c94ce9fb468520275223c153574b00df6fe4bcc9 # v3.7.0
         with:
           registry: ghcr.io
           username: ${{ github.actor }}
           password: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
 
       - name: Set up Docker Buildx
-        uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@v3
+        uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@8d2750c68a42422c14e847fe6c8ac0403b4cbd6f # v3.12.0
 
       - name: Compute image metadata
         id: meta
@@ -424,7 +430,7 @@ jobs:
 
       - name: Build and push API image
         id: build
-        uses: docker/build-push-action@v6
+        uses: docker/build-push-action@10e90e3645eae34f1e60eeb005ba3a3d33f178e8 # v6.19.2
         with:
           context: src/typescript
           file: src/typescript/api/Dockerfile
@@ -438,7 +444,7 @@ jobs:
 
       - name: Build and push frontend image
         id: build-frontend
-        uses: docker/build-push-action@v6
+        uses: docker/build-push-action@10e90e3645eae34f1e60eeb005ba3a3d33f178e8 # v6.19.2
         with:
           context: src/typescript
           file: src/typescript/frontend/Dockerfile
@@ -450,6 +456,10 @@ jobs:
           provenance: true
           sbom: true
 
+  # Holds no long-lived cloud credentials. GitHub's OIDC token (scoped to the
+  # main/staging environment) joins the tailnet, which routes to the private
+  # EKS endpoint, and assumes the IAM role from src/aws/ci-iam/setup.sh. EKS
+  # maps that role to the Kubernetes group bound by src/kubernetes/ci-rbac/.
   deploy:
     needs: [resolve-target, decide-deploy, helm-lint, typecheck, lint, test, build, e2e, frontend-e2e, build-image]
     if: needs.decide-deploy.outputs.should_deploy == 'true'
@@ -464,37 +474,119 @@ jobs:
         working-directory: src/typescript
     env:
       DATABASE_URL: postgresql://postgres:postgres@localhost:5432/postgres
+      DEPLOY_AWS_REGION: us-west-2
+      DEPLOY_EKS_CLUSTER: cunningham
     steps:
       - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        uses: actions/checkout@11d5960a326750d5838078e36cf38b85af677262 # v4.4.0
 
-      - name: Setup TypeScript workspace
-        uses: ./.github/actions/setup-typescript-workspace
+      - name: Check deploy prerequisites
+        shell: bash
+        env:
+          AWS_DEPLOY_ROLE_ARN: ${{ vars.AWS_DEPLOY_ROLE_ARN }}
+          TS_OAUTH_CLIENT_ID: ${{ secrets.TS_OAUTH_CLIENT_ID }}
+          TS_AUDIENCE: ${{ secrets.TS_AUDIENCE }}
+        run: |
+          set -euo pipefail
+          missing=0
+          if [ -z "${AWS_DEPLOY_ROLE_ARN:-}" ]; then
+            echo "::error::Variable AWS_DEPLOY_ROLE_ARN is not set. Set it to the role ARN printed by src/aws/ci-iam/setup.sh."
+            missing=1
+          elif ! [[ "$AWS_DEPLOY_ROLE_ARN" =~ ^arn:aws:iam::[0-9]{12}:role/.+$ ]]; then
+            echo "::error::Variable AWS_DEPLOY_ROLE_ARN is not an IAM role ARN: $AWS_DEPLOY_ROLE_ARN"
+            missing=1
+          fi
+          for ts_secret in TS_OAUTH_CLIENT_ID TS_AUDIENCE; do
+            if [ -z "${!ts_secret:-}" ]; then
+              echo "::error::Secret $ts_secret is not set. It comes from a Tailscale workload-identity trust credential for this repository with tag:ci."
+              missing=1
+            fi
+          done
+          exit "$missing"
 
-      - name: Install Pulumi CLI
-        uses: pulumi/setup-pulumi@v2
+      - name: Join tailnet
+        uses: tailscale/github-action@306e68a486fd2350f2bfc3b19fcd143891a4a2d8 # v4.1.2
+        with:
+          oauth-client-id: ${{ secrets.TS_OAUTH_CLIENT_ID }}
+          audience: ${{ secrets.TS_AUDIENCE }}
+          tags: tag:ci
+
+      - name: Accept tailnet routes to the cluster VPC
+        shell: bash
+        run: sudo tailscale set --accept-routes
+
+      - name: Assume AWS deploy role
+        uses: aws-actions/configure-aws-credentials@7474bc4690e29a8392af63c5b98e7449536d5c3a # v4.3.1
+        with:
+          role-to-assume: ${{ vars.AWS_DEPLOY_ROLE_ARN }}
+          aws-region: ${{ env.DEPLOY_AWS_REGION }}
+
+      - name: Verify deploy role was assumed
+        shell: bash
+        env:
+          AWS_DEPLOY_ROLE_ARN: ${{ vars.AWS_DEPLOY_ROLE_ARN }}
+        run: |
+          set -euo pipefail
+          account_id="$(cut -d: -f5 <<<"$AWS_DEPLOY_ROLE_ARN")"
+          role_name="${AWS_DEPLOY_ROLE_ARN##*/}"
+          caller_arn="$(aws sts get-caller-identity --query Arn --output text)"
+          case "$caller_arn" in
+            "arn:aws:sts::${account_id}:assumed-role/${role_name}/"*)
+              echo "Deploying as $caller_arn"
+              ;;
+            *)
+              echo "::error::AWS calls run as $caller_arn, not as the deploy role $AWS_DEPLOY_ROLE_ARN."
+              exit 1
+              ;;
+          esac
 
       - name: Configure kubeconfig
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          set -euo pipefail
+          kubeconfig_path="$RUNNER_TEMP/kubeconfig"
+          aws eks update-kubeconfig \
+            --name "$DEPLOY_EKS_CLUSTER" \
+            --region "$DEPLOY_AWS_REGION" \
+            --kubeconfig "$kubeconfig_path" \
+            --alias "$DEPLOY_EKS_CLUSTER"
+          echo "KUBECONFIG=$kubeconfig_path" >> "$GITHUB_ENV"
+
+      - name: Verify cluster access
         shell: bash
         env:
-          KUBE_CONFIG_DATA: ${{ secrets.KUBE_CONFIG_DATA }}
+          TARGET_NAMESPACE: openerrata-${{ needs.resolve-target.outputs.deploy_environment }}
         run: |
           set -euo pipefail
-          if [ -z "${KUBE_CONFIG_DATA:-}" ]; then
-            echo "KUBE_CONFIG_DATA secret is required"
-            exit 1
+          if kubectl_output="$(kubectl get namespace "$TARGET_NAMESPACE" -o name 2>&1)"; then
+            echo "Cluster access OK: $kubectl_output"
+            exit 0
           fi
+          echo "$kubectl_output"
+          case "$kubectl_output" in
+            *Unauthorized*|*"provide credentials"*)
+              echo "::error::EKS cluster $DEPLOY_EKS_CLUSTER rejected the deploy role. Run src/aws/ci-iam/setup.sh, which creates the role's EKS access entry (Kubernetes group openerrata-ci)."
+              ;;
+            *[Ff]orbidden*)
+              echo "::error::The deploy role authenticated but may not read namespace $TARGET_NAMESPACE. Run src/kubernetes/ci-rbac/setup.sh, which binds the openerrata-ci group's RBAC."
+              ;;
+            *NotFound*)
+              echo "::error::Namespace $TARGET_NAMESPACE does not exist. Run src/kubernetes/ci-rbac/setup.sh, which creates it."
+              ;;
+            *"getting credentials"*)
+              echo "::error::kubectl could not get an EKS token from 'aws eks get-token' with the deploy role's credentials."
+              ;;
+            *)
+              echo "::error::Could not reach the private API endpoint of EKS cluster $DEPLOY_EKS_CLUSTER. Check that the tailnet joined with tag:ci and routes the cluster VPC to this runner."
+              ;;
+          esac
+          exit 1
 
-          mkdir -p "$HOME/.kube"
-          TMP_CONFIG="$(mktemp)"
-          if printf '%s' "$KUBE_CONFIG_DATA" | base64 --decode > "$TMP_CONFIG" 2>/dev/null \
-            && grep -q '^apiVersion:' "$TMP_CONFIG"; then
-            mv "$TMP_CONFIG" "$HOME/.kube/config"
-          else
-            rm -f "$TMP_CONFIG"
-            printf '%s\n' "$KUBE_CONFIG_DATA" > "$HOME/.kube/config"
-          fi
-          chmod 600 "$HOME/.kube/config"
+      - name: Setup TypeScript workspace
+        uses: ./.github/actions/setup-typescript-workspace
+
+      - name: Install Pulumi CLI
+        uses: pulumi/setup-pulumi@b374ceb6168550de27c6eba92e01c1a774040e11 # v2.0.0
 
       - name: Configure Pulumi stack values
         working-directory: src/typescript/pulumi
@@ -503,7 +595,6 @@ jobs:
           PULUMI_ACCESS_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.PULUMI_ACCESS_TOKEN }}
           STACK: ${{ needs.resolve-target.outputs.deploy_environment }}
           PULUMI_BLOB_STORAGE_BUCKET: ${{ secrets.PULUMI_BLOB_STORAGE_BUCKET }}
-          PULUMI_BLOB_STORAGE_PUBLIC_URL_PREFIX: ${{ secrets.PULUMI_BLOB_STORAGE_PUBLIC_URL_PREFIX }}
           PULUMI_BLOB_STORAGE_ENDPOINT: ${{ secrets.PULUMI_BLOB_STORAGE_ENDPOINT }}
           PULUMI_DATABASE_URL: ${{ secrets.PULUMI_DATABASE_URL }}
           OPENAI_API_KEY: ${{ secrets.OPENAI_API_KEY }}
@@ -516,11 +607,6 @@ jobs:
           PULUMI_CLOUDFLARE_PROXIED: ${{ vars.PULUMI_CLOUDFLARE_PROXIED }}
           PULUMI_CLOUDFLARE_RECORD_TARGET: ${{ vars.PULUMI_CLOUDFLARE_RECORD_TARGET }}
           CLOUDFLARE_API_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.CLOUDFLARE_API_TOKEN }}
-          AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID: ${{ secrets.AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID }}
-          AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY: ${{ secrets.AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY }}
-          AWS_SESSION_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.AWS_SESSION_TOKEN }}
-          AWS_REGION: ${{ secrets.AWS_REGION }}
-          AWS_DEFAULT_REGION: ${{ secrets.AWS_REGION }}
           CI_IMAGE_REPOSITORY: ${{ needs.build-image.outputs.image_repository }}
           CI_IMAGE_TAG: ${{ needs.build-image.outputs.image_tag }}
           CI_IMAGE_DIGEST: ${{ needs.build-image.outputs.image_digest }}
@@ -528,9 +614,17 @@ jobs:
           CI_FRONTEND_IMAGE_TAG: ${{ needs.build-image.outputs.frontend_image_tag }}
           CI_FRONTEND_IMAGE_DIGEST: ${{ needs.build-image.outputs.frontend_image_digest }}
           PULUMI_FRONTEND_HOSTNAME: ${{ vars.PULUMI_FRONTEND_HOSTNAME }}
+          PULUMI_MANAGED_DATABASE_PUBLICLY_ACCESSIBLE: ${{ vars.PULUMI_MANAGED_DATABASE_PUBLICLY_ACCESSIBLE }}
+          PULUMI_MANAGED_DATABASE_INGRESS_CIDRS: ${{ vars.PULUMI_MANAGED_DATABASE_INGRESS_CIDRS }}
+          PULUMI_MANAGED_DATABASE_ENGINE_VERSION: ${{ vars.PULUMI_MANAGED_DATABASE_ENGINE_VERSION }}
+          PULUMI_WORKER_EGRESS_POLICY_ENABLED: ${{ vars.PULUMI_WORKER_EGRESS_POLICY_ENABLED }}
+          PULUMI_WORKER_EGRESS_ALLOWED_CIDRS: ${{ vars.PULUMI_WORKER_EGRESS_ALLOWED_CIDRS }}
+          PULUMI_SELECTOR_DAILY_BUDGET: ${{ vars.PULUMI_SELECTOR_DAILY_BUDGET }}
         run: |
           set -euo pipefail
 
+          # Stack config is rebuilt from scratch on every run: this step is the
+          # complete configuration of the hosted stacks.
           pulumi stack select "$STACK" --create
 
           if [ -z "${CI_IMAGE_REPOSITORY:-}" ] || [ -z "${CI_IMAGE_TAG:-}" ] || [ -z "${CI_IMAGE_DIGEST:-}" ]; then
@@ -589,6 +683,15 @@ jobs:
             pulumi config rm ingressClassName --stack "$STACK" >/dev/null 2>&1 || true
           fi
 
+          # selectorBudget (per selector run) was replaced by selectorDailyBudget
+          # (per UTC day); the Pulumi program refuses the old key.
+          pulumi config rm selectorBudget --stack "$STACK" >/dev/null 2>&1 || true
+          if [ -n "${PULUMI_SELECTOR_DAILY_BUDGET:-}" ]; then
+            pulumi config set selectorDailyBudget "$PULUMI_SELECTOR_DAILY_BUDGET" --stack "$STACK"
+          else
+            pulumi config rm selectorDailyBudget --stack "$STACK" >/dev/null 2>&1 || true
+          fi
+
           dns_provider="${PULUMI_DNS_PROVIDER:-none}"
           case "$dns_provider" in
             none|"")
@@ -622,11 +725,9 @@ jobs:
               ;;
           esac
 
-          needs_aws_resources=false
-
           manual_blob_vars=(
             PULUMI_BLOB_STORAGE_BUCKET
-            PULUMI_BLOB_STORAGE_PUBLIC_URL_PREFIX
+            PULUMI_BLOB_STORAGE_ACCESS_KEY_ID
             PULUMI_BLOB_STORAGE_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY
           )
           configured_manual_blob_values=0
@@ -636,17 +737,16 @@ jobs:
             fi
           done
 
-          if [ "$configured_manual_blob_values" -ne 0 ] && [ "$configured_manual_blob_values" -ne 3 ]; then
+          if [ "$configured_manual_blob_values" -ne 0 ] && [ "$configured_manual_blob_values" -ne "${#manual_blob_vars[@]}" ]; then
             echo "Manual blob storage config is partial."
-            echo "Set all or none of: PULUMI_BLOB_STORAGE_BUCKET, PULUMI_BLOB_STORAGE_PUBLIC_URL_PREFIX, PULUMI_BLOB_STORAGE_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY"
+            echo "Set all or none of: ${manual_blob_vars[*]}"
             exit 1
           fi
 
-          if [ "$configured_manual_blob_values" -eq 3 ]; then
+          if [ "$configured_manual_blob_values" -eq "${#manual_blob_vars[@]}" ]; then
             echo "Using manually provided blob storage configuration."
             pulumi config set blobStorageBucket "$PULUMI_BLOB_STORAGE_BUCKET" --stack "$STACK"
-            pulumi config set blobStoragePublicUrlPrefix "$PULUMI_BLOB_STORAGE_PUBLIC_URL_PREFIX" --stack "$STACK"
-            pulumi config set blobStorageAccessKeyId "${PULUMI_BLOB_STORAGE_ACCESS_KEY_ID:-openerrata}" --stack "$STACK"
+            pulumi config set blobStorageAccessKeyId "$PULUMI_BLOB_STORAGE_ACCESS_KEY_ID" --stack "$STACK"
             pulumi config set --secret blobStorageSecretAccessKey "$PULUMI_BLOB_STORAGE_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY" --stack "$STACK"
             if [ -n "${PULUMI_BLOB_STORAGE_ENDPOINT:-}" ]; then
               pulumi config set blobStorageEndpoint "$PULUMI_BLOB_STORAGE_ENDPOINT" --stack "$STACK"
@@ -655,9 +755,7 @@ jobs:
             fi
           else
             echo "No manual blob storage credentials supplied; using Pulumi-managed AWS S3 blob storage."
-            needs_aws_resources=true
             pulumi config rm blobStorageBucket --stack "$STACK" >/dev/null 2>&1 || true
-            pulumi config rm blobStoragePublicUrlPrefix --stack "$STACK" >/dev/null 2>&1 || true
             pulumi config rm blobStorageEndpoint --stack "$STACK" >/dev/null 2>&1 || true
             pulumi config rm blobStorageAccessKeyId --stack "$STACK" >/dev/null 2>&1 || true
             pulumi config rm blobStorageSecretAccessKey --stack "$STACK" >/dev/null 2>&1 || true
@@ -668,52 +766,34 @@ jobs:
             pulumi config set --secret databaseUrl "$PULUMI_DATABASE_URL" --stack "$STACK"
           else
             echo "No database URL supplied; using Pulumi-managed AWS RDS database."
-            needs_aws_resources=true
             pulumi config rm databaseUrl --stack "$STACK" >/dev/null 2>&1 || true
+            # No defaults: network exposure and engine version of a live database
+            # must be stated, not inherited. The hosted stacks use false,
+            # 10.0.0.0/16 (the cluster VPC) and 17; see README "Hosted deploy setup".
+            for managed_db_var in PULUMI_MANAGED_DATABASE_PUBLICLY_ACCESSIBLE PULUMI_MANAGED_DATABASE_INGRESS_CIDRS PULUMI_MANAGED_DATABASE_ENGINE_VERSION; do
+              if [ -z "${!managed_db_var:-}" ]; then
+                echo "$managed_db_var (repository/environment variable) is required for the Pulumi-managed RDS database."
+                exit 1
+              fi
+            done
+            pulumi config set managedDatabasePubliclyAccessible "$PULUMI_MANAGED_DATABASE_PUBLICLY_ACCESSIBLE" --stack "$STACK"
+            pulumi config set managedDatabaseIngressCidrs "$PULUMI_MANAGED_DATABASE_INGRESS_CIDRS" --stack "$STACK"
+            pulumi config set managedDatabaseEngineVersion "$PULUMI_MANAGED_DATABASE_ENGINE_VERSION" --stack "$STACK"
           fi
 
-          if [ "$needs_aws_resources" = "true" ]; then
-            if [ -z "${AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID:-}" ] || [ -z "${AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY:-}" ]; then
-              echo "AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID and AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY are required when Pulumi-managed AWS resources are enabled."
-              exit 1
-            fi
-            pulumi config set aws:region "${AWS_REGION:-${AWS_DEFAULT_REGION:-us-east-1}}" --stack "$STACK"
+          pulumi config set workerEgressPolicyEnabled "${PULUMI_WORKER_EGRESS_POLICY_ENABLED:-false}" --stack "$STACK"
+          if [ -n "${PULUMI_WORKER_EGRESS_ALLOWED_CIDRS:-}" ]; then
+            pulumi config set workerEgressAllowedCidrs "$PULUMI_WORKER_EGRESS_ALLOWED_CIDRS" --stack "$STACK"
           fi
 
+          # Pulumi-managed AWS resources live in the cluster's region, and the
+          # deploy role's credentials (assumed above) are scoped to it.
+          pulumi config set aws:region "$DEPLOY_AWS_REGION" --stack "$STACK"
+
           if [ -n "${OPENAI_API_KEY:-}" ]; then
             pulumi config set --secret openaiApiKey "$OPENAI_API_KEY" --stack "$STACK"
           fi
 
-      - name: Cancel stale Pulumi lock
-        working-directory: src/typescript/pulumi
-        shell: bash
-        env:
-          PULUMI_ACCESS_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.PULUMI_ACCESS_TOKEN }}
-          STACK: ${{ needs.resolve-target.outputs.deploy_environment }}
-        run: |
-          set +e
-          output="$(pulumi cancel --stack "$STACK" --yes 2>&1)"
-          rc=$?
-          set -e
-          echo "$output"
-
-          if [ $rc -eq 0 ]; then
-            exit 0
-          fi
-
-          if echo "$output" | grep -qi "no update in progress"; then
-            echo "No active lock; continuing."
-            exit 0
-          fi
-
-          if echo "$output" | grep -qi "has never been updated"; then
-            echo "Stack has never been updated; no lock to cancel."
-            exit 0
-          fi
-
-          echo "pulumi cancel failed unexpectedly"
-          exit $rc
-
       - name: Delete stale selector/migrate jobs
         shell: bash
         env:
@@ -734,12 +814,6 @@ jobs:
         env:
           PULUMI_ACCESS_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.PULUMI_ACCESS_TOKEN }}
           STACK: ${{ needs.resolve-target.outputs.deploy_environment }}
-          PULUMI_K8S_DELETE_UNREACHABLE: "true"
-          AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID: ${{ secrets.AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID }}
-          AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY: ${{ secrets.AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY }}
-          AWS_SESSION_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.AWS_SESSION_TOKEN }}
-          AWS_REGION: ${{ secrets.AWS_REGION }}
-          AWS_DEFAULT_REGION: ${{ secrets.AWS_REGION }}
           CLOUDFLARE_API_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.CLOUDFLARE_API_TOKEN }}
         run: |
           set -euo pipefail
@@ -781,16 +855,13 @@ jobs:
           kubectl -n "$TARGET_NAMESPACE" get events --sort-by=.lastTimestamp | tail -n 200 || true
           echo "::endgroup::"
 
-          echo "::group::Cancel in-flight Pulumi update"
-          set +e
-          cancel_output="$(pulumi cancel --stack "$STACK" --yes 2>&1)"
-          cancel_rc=$?
-          set -e
-          echo "$cancel_output"
-          if [ "$cancel_rc" -ne 0 ] && ! echo "$cancel_output" | grep -qi "no update in progress"; then
-            echo "::warning::pulumi cancel returned exit code ${cancel_rc}"
+          if [ "$pulumi_rc" -eq 124 ] || [ "$pulumi_rc" -eq 137 ]; then
+            # The concurrency group guarantees the only update in progress on
+            # this stack is the one this job just timed out; release its lock.
+            echo "::group::Cancel this run's timed-out Pulumi update"
+            pulumi cancel --stack "$STACK" --yes || echo "::warning::pulumi cancel failed; the stack may stay locked"
+            echo "::endgroup::"
           fi
-          echo "::endgroup::"
 
           exit "$pulumi_rc"
 
@@ -804,14 +875,14 @@ jobs:
       packages: write
     steps:
       - name: Login to GHCR
-        uses: docker/login-action@v3
+        uses: docker/login-action@c94ce9fb468520275223c153574b00df6fe4bcc9 # v3.7.0
         with:
           registry: ghcr.io
           username: ${{ github.actor }}
           password: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
 
       - name: Set up Docker Buildx
-        uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@v3
+        uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@8d2750c68a42422c14e847fe6c8ac0403b4cbd6f # v3.12.0
 
       - name: Promote deployed API image to latest tag
         shell: bash
@@ -839,7 +910,7 @@ jobs:
         working-directory: src/typescript
     steps:
       - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        uses: actions/checkout@11d5960a326750d5838078e36cf38b85af677262 # v4.4.0
 
       - name: Setup TypeScript workspace
         uses: ./.github/actions/setup-typescript-workspace
diff --git a/.github/workflows/pr-checks.yml b/.github/workflows/pr-checks.yml
index 3462a37..3a331a8 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/pr-checks.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/pr-checks.yml
@@ -22,11 +22,11 @@ jobs:
       has_relevant_changes: ${{ steps.changes.outputs.relevant }}
     steps:
       - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        uses: actions/checkout@11d5960a326750d5838078e36cf38b85af677262 # v4.4.0
 
       - name: Detect relevant file changes
         id: changes
-        uses: dorny/paths-filter@v3
+        uses: dorny/paths-filter@0e4a8c6effa4802afeda77dc8d303f8176d7dfad # v3.0.4
         with:
           filters: |
             relevant:
@@ -61,10 +61,13 @@ jobs:
     timeout-minutes: 10
     steps:
       - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        uses: actions/checkout@11d5960a326750d5838078e36cf38b85af677262 # v4.4.0
 
       - name: Setup Helm
-        uses: azure/setup-helm@v4
+        uses: azure/setup-helm@1a275c3b69536ee54be43f2070a358922e12c8d4 # v4.3.1
+        with:
+          # Helm 3, the engine Pulumi's helm.v3.Chart renders the chart with.
+          version: v3.22.0
 
       - name: Lint chart
         shell: bash
@@ -87,7 +90,7 @@ jobs:
       DATABASE_URL: postgresql://postgres:postgres@localhost:5432/postgres
     steps:
       - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        uses: actions/checkout@11d5960a326750d5838078e36cf38b85af677262 # v4.4.0
 
       - name: Setup TypeScript workspace
         uses: ./.github/actions/setup-typescript-workspace
@@ -109,7 +112,7 @@ jobs:
       DATABASE_URL: postgresql://postgres:postgres@localhost:5432/postgres
     steps:
       - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        uses: actions/checkout@11d5960a326750d5838078e36cf38b85af677262 # v4.4.0
 
       - name: Setup TypeScript workspace
         uses: ./.github/actions/setup-typescript-workspace
@@ -143,7 +146,7 @@ jobs:
           --health-retries 5
     steps:
       - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        uses: actions/checkout@11d5960a326750d5838078e36cf38b85af677262 # v4.4.0
 
       - name: Setup TypeScript workspace
         uses: ./.github/actions/setup-typescript-workspace
@@ -165,7 +168,7 @@ jobs:
       DATABASE_URL: postgresql://postgres:postgres@localhost:5432/postgres
     steps:
       - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        uses: actions/checkout@11d5960a326750d5838078e36cf38b85af677262 # v4.4.0
 
       - name: Setup TypeScript workspace
         uses: ./.github/actions/setup-typescript-workspace
@@ -178,7 +181,7 @@ jobs:
         run: tar -C extension -czf "$RUNNER_TEMP/extension-dist.tgz" dist
 
       - name: Upload extension dist artifact
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@ea165f8d65b6e75b540449e92b4886f43607fa02 # v4.6.2
         with:
           name: extension-dist-${{ github.sha }}
           path: ${{ runner.temp }}/extension-dist.tgz
@@ -189,7 +192,7 @@ jobs:
         run: tar -C frontend -czf "$RUNNER_TEMP/frontend-build.tgz" build
 
       - name: Upload frontend build artifact
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@ea165f8d65b6e75b540449e92b4886f43607fa02 # v4.6.2
         with:
           name: frontend-build-${{ github.sha }}
           path: ${{ runner.temp }}/frontend-build.tgz
@@ -239,7 +242,7 @@ jobs:
         working-directory: src/typescript
     steps:
       - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        uses: actions/checkout@11d5960a326750d5838078e36cf38b85af677262 # v4.4.0
 
       - name: Setup TypeScript workspace
         uses: ./.github/actions/setup-typescript-workspace
@@ -248,7 +251,7 @@ jobs:
           install-playwright-chromium: "true"
 
       - name: Download extension dist artifact
-        uses: actions/download-artifact@v4
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@d3f86a106a0bac45b974a628896c90dbdf5c8093 # v4.3.0
         with:
           name: extension-dist-${{ github.sha }}
           path: ${{ runner.temp }}
@@ -272,7 +275,7 @@ jobs:
         working-directory: src/typescript
     steps:
       - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        uses: actions/checkout@11d5960a326750d5838078e36cf38b85af677262 # v4.4.0
 
       - name: Setup TypeScript workspace
         uses: ./.github/actions/setup-typescript-workspace
@@ -281,7 +284,7 @@ jobs:
           install-playwright-chromium: "true"
 
       - name: Download frontend build artifact
-        uses: actions/download-artifact@v4
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@d3f86a106a0bac45b974a628896c90dbdf5c8093 # v4.3.0
         with:
           name: frontend-build-${{ github.sha }}
           path: ${{ runner.temp }}
diff --git a/.github/workflows/release-extension.yml b/.github/workflows/release-extension.yml
index a58c23c..4aa4a3f 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/release-extension.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/release-extension.yml
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ jobs:
           --health-retries 5
     steps:
       - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        uses: actions/checkout@11d5960a326750d5838078e36cf38b85af677262 # v4.4.0
 
       - name: Setup TypeScript workspace
         uses: ./.github/actions/setup-typescript-workspace
@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ jobs:
         run: npx -y web-ext@8.9.0 lint --source-dir extension/dist/firefox
 
       - name: Upload packaged extension artifacts
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@ea165f8d65b6e75b540449e92b4886f43607fa02 # v4.6.2
         with:
           name: openerrata-extension-packages-${{ steps.version.outputs.version }}
           path: |
@@ -110,13 +110,13 @@ jobs:
       contents: write
     steps:
       - name: Download packaged extension artifacts
-        uses: actions/download-artifact@v4
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@d3f86a106a0bac45b974a628896c90dbdf5c8093 # v4.3.0
         with:
           name: openerrata-extension-packages-${{ needs.build-and-test.outputs.version }}
           path: .
 
       - name: Create GitHub Release
-        uses: softprops/action-gh-release@v2
+        uses: softprops/action-gh-release@3bb12739c298aeb8a4eeaf626c5b8d85266b0e65 # v2.6.2
         with:
           files: |
             openerrata-extension-chrome-${{ needs.build-and-test.outputs.version }}.zip
@@ -131,25 +131,48 @@ jobs:
     timeout-minutes: 20
     environment: extension-store-publish
     steps:
+      # Missing credentials fail the release instead of silently skipping a store.
+      - name: Check store credentials
+        shell: bash
+        env:
+          CHROME_EXTENSION_ID: ${{ secrets.CHROME_EXTENSION_ID }}
+          CHROME_CLIENT_ID: ${{ secrets.CHROME_CLIENT_ID }}
+          CHROME_CLIENT_SECRET: ${{ secrets.CHROME_CLIENT_SECRET }}
+          CHROME_REFRESH_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.CHROME_REFRESH_TOKEN }}
+          FIREFOX_JWT_ISSUER: ${{ secrets.FIREFOX_JWT_ISSUER }}
+          FIREFOX_JWT_SECRET: ${{ secrets.FIREFOX_JWT_SECRET }}
+          PUBLISH_TO_FIREFOX_AMO: ${{ vars.PUBLISH_TO_FIREFOX_AMO }}
+        run: |
+          set -euo pipefail
+          required=(CHROME_EXTENSION_ID CHROME_CLIENT_ID CHROME_CLIENT_SECRET CHROME_REFRESH_TOKEN)
+          if [ "${PUBLISH_TO_FIREFOX_AMO:-}" = "true" ]; then
+            required+=(FIREFOX_JWT_ISSUER FIREFOX_JWT_SECRET)
+          else
+            echo "::notice::Not publishing to Firefox Add-ons (environment variable PUBLISH_TO_FIREFOX_AMO is not true)."
+          fi
+          missing=()
+          for name in "${required[@]}"; do
+            if [ -z "${!name:-}" ]; then missing+=("$name"); fi
+          done
+          if [ "${#missing[@]}" -gt 0 ]; then
+            echo "::error::Missing extension-store-publish secrets: ${missing[*]}"
+            exit 1
+          fi
+
       - name: Download packaged extension artifacts
-        uses: actions/download-artifact@v4
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@d3f86a106a0bac45b974a628896c90dbdf5c8093 # v4.3.0
         with:
           name: openerrata-extension-packages-${{ needs.build-and-test.outputs.version }}
           path: .
 
       - name: Publish to Chrome Web Store
-        if: >-
-          env.CHROME_EXTENSION_ID != '' &&
-          env.CHROME_CLIENT_ID != '' &&
-          env.CHROME_CLIENT_SECRET != '' &&
-          env.CHROME_REFRESH_TOKEN != ''
         env:
           CHROME_EXTENSION_ID: ${{ secrets.CHROME_EXTENSION_ID }}
           CHROME_CLIENT_ID: ${{ secrets.CHROME_CLIENT_ID }}
           CHROME_CLIENT_SECRET: ${{ secrets.CHROME_CLIENT_SECRET }}
           CHROME_REFRESH_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.CHROME_REFRESH_TOKEN }}
         run: |
-          npx -y chrome-webstore-upload-cli@3 upload \
+          npx -y chrome-webstore-upload-cli@3.5.0 upload \
             --source "openerrata-extension-chrome-${{ needs.build-and-test.outputs.version }}.zip" \
             --extension-id "$CHROME_EXTENSION_ID" \
             --client-id "$CHROME_CLIENT_ID" \
@@ -157,10 +180,10 @@ jobs:
             --refresh-token "$CHROME_REFRESH_TOKEN" \
             --auto-publish
 
+      # The AMO listing is not live yet; set PUBLISH_TO_FIREFOX_AMO=true on the
+      # extension-store-publish environment once it is.
       - name: Publish to Firefox Add-ons
-        if: >-
-          env.FIREFOX_JWT_ISSUER != '' &&
-          env.FIREFOX_JWT_SECRET != ''
+        if: vars.PUBLISH_TO_FIREFOX_AMO == 'true'
         env:
           FIREFOX_JWT_ISSUER: ${{ secrets.FIREFOX_JWT_ISSUER }}
           FIREFOX_JWT_SECRET: ${{ secrets.FIREFOX_JWT_SECRET }}
diff --git a/AGENTS.md b/AGENTS.md
index c7418a9..b49d2a9 100644
--- a/AGENTS.md
+++ b/AGENTS.md
@@ -10,17 +10,22 @@ behavior.
 
 ```
 src/
+├── aws/ci-iam/              # Bootstrap of the IAM role hosted deploys assume (GitHub OIDC)
 ├── helm/openerrata/         # Helm chart (single deployment artifact for on-prem + hosted)
+├── kubernetes/ci-rbac/      # RBAC for the hosted deploy role's Kubernetes group
 └── typescript/
     ├── shared/              # @openerrata/shared — types, Zod schemas, normalization
     ├── api/                 # @openerrata/api — SvelteKit + tRPC backend, Prisma, job queue
     ├── extension/           # @openerrata/extension — Chrome MV3 browser extension
+    ├── frontend/            # @openerrata/frontend — public SvelteKit website (reads the public GraphQL API)
     └── pulumi/              # @openerrata/pulumi — deploys the Helm chart for hosted env
 ```
 
-The monorepo uses pnpm workspaces. Dependencies flow: `shared` → `api` and
-`shared` → `extension`. The extension imports the API's `AppRouter` type (type-only,
-no runtime code) for tRPC client typing.
+The monorepo uses pnpm workspaces. Dependencies flow: `shared` → `api`,
+`shared` → `extension` and `shared` → `frontend`. The extension does not import
+API code: its tRPC calls are typed by the shared `ExtensionApiProcedureContract`
+(which the API asserts its routes against) and validated with the shared output
+schemas.
 
 ## Key Files
 
@@ -48,7 +53,7 @@ these ways.
 Always take the time to introduce new features and fix bugs in the codebase in
 the most complete, ideal, and maintainable way, even if it means modifying more
 than your user initially expects. Feel free to perform refactors of bad code
-not originally mentioned in your prompt. 
+not originally mentioned in your prompt.
 
 **The underlying driving spec behind the software you're tasked with writing
 should be clearly understandable just by reading your code.** This is the most
@@ -94,6 +99,7 @@ var asyncLoadedDataError: str | undefined = undefined
 ```
 
 Better:
+
 ```
 type StreetLightStatus = enum {
   RED
@@ -125,22 +131,23 @@ When key assumptions that your code relies upon to work appear to be broken,
 and you cannot use the type system or good architectural design to remove the
 possibility of errors entirely (which is always the first preference), fail
 early and visibly, rather than attempting to patch things up. In particular:
-* Lean towards propagating errors up to callers, instead of silently "warning"
+
+- Lean towards propagating errors up to callers, instead of silently "warning"
   about them inside of try/catch blocks.
-* Push error handling to type systems where possible by specifying stricter
+- Push error handling to type systems where possible by specifying stricter
   input & output types instead of attempting to throw errors or create
   fallbacks
-* If you are fairly certain data should always exist, assume it does, rather
+- If you are fairly certain data should always exist, assume it does, rather
   than producing code with unnecessary guardrails or existence checks (esp. if
   such checks might mislead other programmers)
-* Avoid the use of hasattr/getattr (or non-python equivalents) when accessing
+- Avoid the use of hasattr/getattr (or non-python equivalents) when accessing
   attributes and fields that should always exist.
-* Never produce knowingly incorrect 'defaults' as a result of errors or missing
+- Never produce knowingly incorrect 'defaults' as a result of errors or missing
   data, either for users, or downstream callers.
 
 Do not assume your user has context about system architecture, files, line
 numbers, or programming concepts. Re-explain these details as necessary if they
-have not already come up. This is also helpful for verifying that *you*
+have not already come up. This is also helpful for verifying that _you_
 understand what's going on.
 
 ## Testing Philosophy
@@ -148,15 +155,17 @@ understand what's going on.
 The purpose of tests is to automate the collection of evidence that the
 explicit + implicit spec is being adhered to. This can be accomplished at
 multiple levels:
+
 - Unit tests of individual or groups of functions that are required to operate
   correctly in order for the program to work well, like an `assert text ==
-  decompress(compress(text))` test of a compression lib
+decompress(compress(text))` test of a compression lib
 - Mocks of components that have individual properties that we want to verify,
   like a guard that panics() on invalid SQL statements sent to the DB
 - Integreation tests of direct components of the SPEC.md
 - End to end tests of browser functionality on previously downloaded pages
 
 Our primary test suite should be:
+
 - Fast, easy to run
 - Produce few false negatives as possible (i.e., fail the code when it's behaving poorly)
 - Produce as few false positives as possible (i.e., fail the code when it complies with the spec). This can happen because either:
@@ -174,8 +183,10 @@ test coverage of the code high.
 ## Dev Environment
 
 ```bash
-# Start local Postgres (port 5433) + MinIO S3-compatible storage (9000 API / 9001 console)
+# Start local Postgres (port 5433) + S3-compatible blob storage (port 7070)
 docker compose up -d
+# API/worker/selector configuration; dotenv reads it from the api package directory
+cp src/typescript/api/.env.example src/typescript/api/.env
 ```
 
 For more information about how to run and manage the typescript extensions, see ./src/typescript/AGENTS.md
diff --git a/PRIVACY.md b/PRIVACY.md
index 9e976c0..3214713 100644
--- a/PRIVACY.md
+++ b/PRIVACY.md
@@ -1,16 +1,17 @@
 # OpenErrata Privacy Policy
 
-**Effective date:** February 22, 2026
+**Effective date:** October 2, 2026
 
 OpenErrata is a browser extension that investigates web content for factual
-accuracy using large language models. This policy describes what data the
-extension collects, how it is used, and how it is stored.
+accuracy using large language models, plus a public website that shows the
+results. This policy describes what data the extension and website collect, how
+it is used, and how it is stored.
 
 ## What Data We Collect
 
 ### Post content you visit
 
-When you visit a supported page (LessWrong, X/Twitter, or Substack), the
+When you visit a supported page (LessWrong, X/Twitter, Substack, or Wikipedia), the
 extension extracts the post's text, images, and public metadata (title, author
 name/handle, publication date, tags, engagement counts) and sends it to the
 OpenErrata API server for investigation. Only content on supported platforms is
@@ -72,7 +73,14 @@ abuse.
   investigation. OpenAI's data usage policies apply to that processing. See
   [OpenAI's privacy policy](https://openai.com/privacy).
 - **Platform APIs** — The server may fetch canonical post content from
-  LessWrong's public GraphQL API to verify content authenticity.
+  LessWrong's public GraphQL API and Wikipedia's public API to verify content
+  authenticity.
+- **Cloudflare** — The hosted API and website are served through Cloudflare,
+  which handles the network connection (including your IP address) to deliver
+  requests. See [Cloudflare's privacy policy](https://www.cloudflare.com/privacypolicy/).
+- **Google Fonts** — The website loads its typeface from Google Fonts, so your
+  browser requests it from Google's servers when you open the site. See
+  [Google's privacy policy](https://policies.google.com/privacy).
 
 No data is shared with advertising networks, data brokers, analytics providers,
 or any other third parties.
@@ -95,6 +103,12 @@ or any other third parties.
   server and deleted after use.
 - The extension requests only the permissions necessary for its operation.
 
+## Website
+
+The OpenErrata website does not use cookies, accounts, analytics, or tracking.
+Search terms you enter are sent to the OpenErrata API to find matching
+investigations.
+
 ## Public Investigations
 
 OpenErrata is designed for transparency. All completed investigations —
diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index 221e574..86dd147 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -20,9 +20,10 @@ inspectable by users.
 2. **Posts get investigated.** You or someone else clicks "Investigate Now", or
    has the "auto-investigate posts" setting checked, or the service pre-selects
    it using a very-likely-to-be-read heuristic.
-3. **The LLM investigates.** The full post text (plus images) are sent to
-   GPT-5.4-thinking, which uses native web search and browsing tools to verify claims.
-   Only demonstrably incorrect claims are flagged — disputed, ambiguous, or
+3. **The LLM investigates.** The full post text (plus images) is sent to
+   OpenAI's `gpt-6.1-sol`, which uses native web search and browsing tools to
+   verify claims. Each flagged claim is then re-checked in a separate validation
+   pass. Only demonstrably incorrect claims are flagged — disputed, ambiguous, or
    unverifiable claims are left alone.
 4. **Incorrect claims are highlighted.** For all extension users, every
    incorrect sentence gets a red underline in the post. Hover for a summary;
@@ -47,9 +48,8 @@ inspectable by users.
 
 Errata are first pulled from the public instance before being regenerated. If
 you do not have an OpenAI API key, you can receive the errata generated by
-other users, but they won't be generated on demand. Right now the public
-instance is configured to investigate the most popular posts every hour (though
-this may change as we hit spend thresholds).
+other users, but they won't be generated on demand. The public instance also
+investigates the most-viewed posts on its own, up to a daily budget.
 
 To point the extension at a self-hosted instance, open the extension options
 page and change the API URL.
@@ -63,12 +63,14 @@ page and change the API URL.
 | Substack | URL match (`*.substack.com/p/*`) + DOM fingerprint for custom domains |
 | Wikipedia | URL match (`*.wikipedia.org/wiki/*`, `*.wikipedia.org/w/index.php*`) |
 
-## Public API
+## Public API and site
 
 All complete investigations are publicly accessible via GraphQL at `POST
-/graphql`. No authentication required. Responses include trust signals (content
-provenance, corroboration count, server verification timestamps) so consumers
-can apply their own trust policy.
+/graphql` on the API. No authentication required. Responses include trust
+signals (content provenance, corroboration count, server verification
+timestamps) so consumers can apply their own trust policy. The public website
+(`src/typescript/frontend`) is a client of this API: it lists corrections and
+shows each investigation's claims, reasoning and sources.
 
 ## Design Principles
 
@@ -82,7 +84,8 @@ can apply their own trust policy.
   model investigates.
 - **Single-pass investigation.** The entire post is investigated in one agentic
   call, giving the model full context for understanding caveats,
-  qualifications, and claim relationships.
+  qualifications, and claim relationships; each resulting claim is then
+  validated on its own.
 
 ## Documentation
 
@@ -92,15 +95,19 @@ can apply their own trust policy.
 
 ```
 src/
+├── aws/ci-iam/              # Bootstrap of the IAM role hosted deploys assume (GitHub OIDC)
 ├── helm/openerrata/         # Helm chart (single artifact for on-prem + hosted)
+├── kubernetes/ci-rbac/      # RBAC for the hosted deploy role's Kubernetes group
 └── typescript/
     ├── shared/              # @openerrata/shared — types, Zod schemas, normalization
     ├── api/                 # @openerrata/api — SvelteKit + tRPC backend, Prisma, job queue
     ├── extension/           # @openerrata/extension — WebExtension (Chrome + Firefox)
+    ├── frontend/            # @openerrata/frontend — public SvelteKit website
     └── pulumi/              # @openerrata/pulumi — deploys the Helm chart for hosted env
 ```
 
-The monorepo uses **pnpm workspaces**. Dependencies flow: `shared` -> `api` and `shared` -> `extension`.
+The monorepo uses **pnpm workspaces**. Dependencies flow from `shared` to
+`api`, `extension` and `frontend`.
 
 ## Tech Stack
 
@@ -111,6 +118,7 @@ The monorepo uses **pnpm workspaces**. Dependencies flow: `shared` -> `api` and
 | Cross-browser | webextension-polyfill |
 | Type safety | TypeScript + Zod |
 | API | SvelteKit + tRPC (internal) + GraphQL (public) |
+| Public website | SvelteKit (server-rendered, reads the public GraphQL API) |
 | Database | Postgres + Prisma |
 | Job queue | Postgres-backed (graphile-worker) |
 | LLM | OpenAI Responses API with native tool use |
@@ -122,18 +130,22 @@ The monorepo uses **pnpm workspaces**. Dependencies flow: `shared` -> `api` and
 
 - [Node.js](https://nodejs.org/) (LTS)
 - [pnpm](https://pnpm.io/)
-- [Docker](https://www.docker.com/) (for local Postgres + MinIO)
+- [Docker](https://www.docker.com/) (for local Postgres + S3-compatible blob storage)
 
 ### Local Development
 
 ```bash
-# Start Postgres (port 5433) and MinIO S3-compatible storage (ports 9000/9001)
+# Start Postgres (port 5433) and S3-compatible blob storage (port 7070)
 docker compose up -d
 
 # Install dependencies
 cd src/typescript
 pnpm install
 
+# Configure the API, worker and selector. dotenv reads api/.env; the example
+# matches docker-compose. Set OPENAI_API_KEY in it to run the worker.
+cp api/.env.example api/.env
+
 # Apply database migrations
 pnpm db:migrate
 
@@ -145,6 +157,9 @@ pnpm dev:ext
 
 # Start the job queue worker (separate terminal)
 pnpm worker
+
+# Start the public website against the local API (separate terminal)
+API_BASE_URL=http://localhost:5173 pnpm dev:frontend
 ```
 
 ### Common Commands
@@ -177,16 +192,49 @@ building to control the generated `browser_specific_settings.gecko.id`.
 
 ## Deployment
 
-The Helm chart at `src/helm/openerrata/` is the single deployment artifact for both on-prem and hosted environments. It does not bundle a database — it takes a `DATABASE_URL` as config.
+The Helm chart at `src/helm/openerrata/` is the single deployment artifact for both on-prem and hosted environments. It does not bundle a database or blob storage — it takes a `DATABASE_URL` and an S3-compatible bucket as config. `values.yaml` documents every value; these are required:
 
 **On-prem:**
 ```bash
 helm install openerrata ./src/helm/openerrata \
+  --set image.tag=main-latest \
+  --set config.blobStorageProvider=aws \
+  --set config.blobStorageRegion=us-east-1 \
+  --set config.blobStorageBucket=my-openerrata-images \
   --set secrets.databaseUrl="postgresql://..." \
-  --set secrets.openaiApiKey="sk-..."
+  --set secrets.openaiApiKey="sk-..." \
+  --set secrets.databaseEncryptionKey="$(openssl rand -hex 32)" \
+  --set secrets.blobStorageAccessKeyId="..." \
+  --set secrets.blobStorageSecretAccessKey="..."
 ```
 
-**Hosted:** The official hosted deployment uses Pulumi (`src/typescript/pulumi/`) to deploy the same Helm chart with hosted-specific overrides (Supabase connection, domain, TLS, autoscaling). This guarantees identical workload definitions between on-prem and hosted — no deployment drift.
+Images are published as `ghcr.io/zeropathai/openerrata-api` (and `-frontend`) with `main-<sha>` and `main-latest` tags. Database migrations run as a Helm hook, after the first install and before each upgrade; workload pods wait for them, so don't pass `--wait` to the first `helm install`. The public website is off by default (`frontend.enabled`).
+
+**Hosted:** The official hosted deployment uses Pulumi (`src/typescript/pulumi/`) to deploy the same Helm chart, plus the hostnames, Cloudflare DNS, and (optionally) a managed RDS database and S3 bucket. `.github/workflows/deploy.yml` configures the `staging` and `main` stacks on every deploy from repository and environment secrets and variables. This guarantees identical workload definitions between on-prem and hosted — no deployment drift.
+
+The deploy job holds no long-lived cloud credentials. It requests a GitHub OIDC token, whose subject names its `main` or `staging` deployment environment, and uses it twice:
+
+- to join the tailnet as `tag:ci`, because the EKS cluster `cunningham` (`us-west-2`) has a private API endpoint;
+- to assume the IAM role `openerrata-github-actions-deploy`, whose policy covers only the AWS resources Pulumi manages. The role's EKS access entry maps it to the Kubernetes group `openerrata-ci`, which `src/kubernetes/ci-rbac/rbac.yaml` allows into the `openerrata-main` and `openerrata-staging` namespaces only.
+
+The managed RDS databases accept connections only from the cluster VPC (`10.0.0.0/16`, over VPC peering) and are not publicly accessible; reach them from inside the cluster. The managed blob buckets block all public access.
+
+### Hosted deploy setup
+
+Run these in order. Steps 1–2 need admin access and are idempotent; rerun them after changing the IAM policy or RBAC.
+
+1. **AWS role.** With an admin AWS session for the account hosting `cunningham`, run `src/aws/ci-iam/setup.sh`. It creates or updates the role, its policy and its EKS access entry, prints the role ARN to stdout, and prints (without running) the commands that delete the retired `openerrata-ci` IAM user.
+2. **Kubernetes RBAC.** With a cluster-admin kubeconfig for `cunningham` (on the tailnet), run `src/kubernetes/ci-rbac/setup.sh`. It creates the two namespaces, binds the RBAC to group `openerrata-ci`, and deletes the retired `openerrata-ci` ServiceAccount and its token Secret.
+3. **Tailscale.** Create a workload-identity (OIDC) trust credential with issuer GitHub Actions, tag `tag:ci`, and a subject matching the deploy job's tokens (`repo:ZeroPathAI/OpenErrata:environment:main` and `repo:ZeroPathAI/OpenErrata:environment:staging`). Store its client ID and audience as the repository secrets `TS_OAUTH_CLIENT_ID` and `TS_AUDIENCE`.
+4. **Repository variables.** Set
+   - `AWS_DEPLOY_ROLE_ARN` to the ARN from step 1;
+   - `PULUMI_MANAGED_DATABASE_PUBLICLY_ACCESSIBLE=false`;
+   - `PULUMI_MANAGED_DATABASE_INGRESS_CIDRS=10.0.0.0/16`;
+   - `PULUMI_MANAGED_DATABASE_ENGINE_VERSION=17`.
+
+   The deploy job fails early if the role variable or either Tailscale secret is missing, and the Pulumi step fails if a managed-database variable is.
+5. **Deploy** `staging` (a push to the `staging` branch, or a manual run of the Deploy workflow), check it, then `main`.
+6. **Retire the static credentials.** Delete the repository secrets `AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID`, `AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY`, `AWS_REGION` and `KUBE_CONFIG_DATA`, which no workflow reads any more, and run the cleanup commands step 1 printed.
 
 ## License
 
diff --git a/SPEC.md b/SPEC.md
index 8cfb727..f974c50 100644
--- a/SPEC.md
+++ b/SPEC.md
@@ -157,8 +157,9 @@ The following are explicitly out of scope:
 | **Background Worker**      | Service worker. Routes messages between content scripts, popup, and the API. Manages local cache. Can auto-trigger `investigateNow` when user key mode is enabled. |
 | **Popup**                  | UI for extension state: toggle, summary of current page, settings.                                                                                            |
 | **OpenErrata API**         | Records post views, serves cached investigations, runs selection, and exposes both internal RPC endpoints and a public GraphQL API. All investigations execute asynchronously through the queue (including user-supplied key requests). |
-| **Blob Storage**           | Stores downloaded investigation-time images (hash-deduplicated) and serves public URLs used in multimodal model input.                                         |
-| **Investigation Selector** | Cron job that periodically selects uninvestigated posts with the highest capped unique-view score and enqueues them. Pluggable selection algorithm — v1 uses capped unique-view score; future versions can factor in recency, engagement, author, etc. |
+| **Blob Storage**           | Stores downloaded investigation-time images (hash-deduplicated). The model receives the image bytes inline, not blob URLs.                                      |
+| **Investigation Selector** | Cron job that periodically admits uninvestigated posts with the highest capped unique-view score, up to a per-UTC-day budget, and enqueues them. Pluggable selection algorithm — v1 uses capped unique-view score; future versions can factor in recency, engagement, author, etc. |
+| **Public Website**         | Server-rendered SvelteKit site listing corrections and showing each investigation's claims, reasoning, and sources. A read-only client of the public GraphQL API (§3.4); it has no database access. |
 
 ## 2.4 LLM Investigation Approach
 
@@ -251,9 +252,14 @@ The investigator prompt uses a single content section:
 
 Markdown is produced from version-scoped HTML (`HtmlBlob` referenced by
 `*VersionMeta` rows), then snapshotted into immutable `InvestigationInput`
-(`markdown`, `markdownSource`, `markdownRendererVersion`) on first execution.
-Retries reuse that snapshot verbatim, so investigation input is stable across
-attempts even if markdown conversion logic changes later.
+(`markdown`, `markdownSource`, `markdownRendererVersion`) when the investigation
+is created, together with the source URL behind each `[IMAGE:N]` placeholder
+(resolved to an absolute URL against the post URL; images without a fetchable
+source get no placeholder) and the prompt context (post URL, author, publication
+time, video flag). The investigator matches placeholders to downloaded images by
+source URL, never by position. Every attempt reuses that snapshot verbatim, so
+investigation input is stable across attempts even if markdown conversion logic or
+the live post metadata change later.
 
 Claim `text` and `context` still must anchor against normalized post text in the
 extension, so markdown formatting characters are stripped from model outputs
@@ -288,7 +294,11 @@ LessWrong/SubStack posts.
 
 LLMs are bad at counting characters, so we don't ask for offsets. The model returns the **exact
 claim text** plus **surrounding context** (~10 words before and after). The extension matches claims
-to DOM positions using:
+against the same normalized content text it reported to the API (one text index over the live
+content root, block boundaries included as word breaks — §3.8 "Content normalization"), so claim
+and context strings line up with the page exactly as they did for the investigator. Matches map
+back to text-node pieces, which are highlighted individually; removing highlights restores the
+page's own text nodes (it never merges text nodes the page owns). Matching uses:
 
 1. **Exact substring match** — search for the claim text in the post content. Works for unique
    sentences.
@@ -353,8 +363,11 @@ ISSUES FOUND:          CLEAN:                 NOT YET INVESTIGATED:
 Settings are split into:
 
 - **Basic:** OpenAI API key + auto-investigate toggle.
-- **Advanced:** API server URL, attestation/HMAC secret override, instance API
-  key. If unset, defaults to hosted instance.
+- **Advanced:** API server URL and instance API
+  key. If unset, defaults to hosted instance. A stored value that is set but
+  unusable (e.g. an API URL that fails validation) is an error shown in the
+  options page and popup, and the extension makes no API calls until it is
+  fixed — it never falls back to the hosted instance.
 
 ### Annotation Styling
 
@@ -396,20 +409,24 @@ User visits post
 
   → Background worker calls API: recordViewAndGetStatus({ postVersionId })
   → API looks up PostVersion by primary key
-      NOT FOUND → return { investigationState: "NOT_INVESTIGATED", claims: null,
-                           priorInvestigationResult: null }
-                  (version was never registered; nothing to do)
+      NOT FOUND → reject request (unknown post version)
   → API increments raw viewCount, updates uniqueViewScore, records corroboration credit
-  → API checks whether this content version has a completed investigation:
-      HIT  → return { investigationState: "INVESTIGATED", provenance, claims: [...] }
-             (already investigated for this content version; client is done)
-      MISS + latest complete SERVER_VERIFIED exists for this post →
-         return { investigationState: "NOT_INVESTIGATED", claims: null,
-                  priorInvestigationResult: { oldClaims: claims, sourceInvestigationId } }
-         (reuse prior verified claims as interim context; no run is queued)
-      MISS + only CLIENT_FALLBACK/none latest exists →
-         return { investigationState: "NOT_INVESTIGATED", claims: null }
-         (no completed investigation yet for this content version)
+  → API checks the investigation of this content version (at most one exists, §3.5):
+      COMPLETE → return { investigationState: "INVESTIGATED", investigationId, provenance, claims }
+                 (already investigated for this content version; client is done)
+      PENDING / PROCESSING →
+         return { investigationState: "INVESTIGATING", investigationId, status, provenance,
+                  pendingClaims, confirmedClaims, priorInvestigationResult }
+         (queued by another viewer, the selector, or an earlier visit; the client polls
+          getInvestigation({ investigationId }) until it settles, exactly as for its own;
+          priorInvestigationResult carries claims forward as below)
+      FAILED → return { investigationState: "FAILED", investigationId, provenance }
+               (auto-investigate does not start new work for a failed version)
+      NONE →
+         return { investigationState: "NOT_INVESTIGATED",
+                  priorInvestigationResult: { oldClaims, sourceInvestigationId } | null }
+         (claims carried forward from another version, §2.8 "Interim carry-forward";
+          null when none applies; no run is queued)
   → Client renders current state; recordViewAndGetStatus alone does not enqueue a new investigation
   → Investigation begins only via investigateNow(...) or selector queueing
 ```
@@ -426,19 +443,26 @@ User clicks "Investigate Now" (or auto-investigate triggers)
   → Background worker calls API: registerObservedVersion(...) (if not already done)
   → Background worker calls API: investigateNow({ postVersionId }),
     optionally including a user OpenAI key via x-openai-api-key header
+  → The request's funding: its user OpenAI key if it sent one, otherwise the instance
+    API key it authenticated with; neither → reject (UNAUTHORIZED)
   → API looks up PostVersion by primary key
       NOT FOUND → reject request (unknown post version)
   → API checks for an existing Investigation row for that content version
-      no row     → create PENDING row, start background run,
+      no row     → reject if over the word limit; if funding is a user key, verify it with
+                   OpenAI first (rejected or unverifiable → reject the request, nothing is
+                   created); create the PENDING row with update lineage (§2.4.3) and the
+                   request's funding (origin INSTANCE_REQUEST or USER_KEY_REQUEST, user key
+                   attached in the same transaction), enqueue,
                    return { investigationId, status: PENDING }
   → If a row already exists, API returns immediately with status-based behavior:
       COMPLETE   → return { investigationId, status: COMPLETE, claims }
-      FAILED     → return { investigationId, status: FAILED } (unless explicit retry action is requested)
+      FAILED     → return { investigationId, status: FAILED } (FAILED is terminal, §3.7)
       PROCESSING → return { investigationId, status: PROCESSING }; no second run is started
-      PENDING    → if request includes a user OpenAI key and no user-key source is attached yet,
-                   attach one (first key wins)
-                   once PROCESSING starts, user-key source is immutable for that run
-                   ensure a background run exists
+                   (an expired lease is recovered first, §3.7)
+      PENDING    → funded (someone is paying): ensure a queue job exists; the request's
+                   user key is never attached — it never takes over a run someone else funds
+                   unfunded (its user key was dropped, §3.7): fund it with this request
+                   (verifying a user key first), enqueue
                    return { investigationId, status: PENDING }
   → Extension polls getInvestigation({ investigationId }) until COMPLETE/FAILED
   → Worker claims queued job, sets PROCESSING, runs investigation, then writes COMPLETE/FAILED
@@ -447,19 +471,21 @@ User clicks "Investigate Now" (or auto-investigate triggers)
 **Auto-investigate (extension-side):**
 
 ```
-After recordViewAndGetStatus returns { investigationState: "NOT_INVESTIGATED", claims: null,
+After recordViewAndGetStatus returns { investigationState: "NOT_INVESTIGATED",
                                        priorInvestigationResult: ... | null }
   → If user OpenAI key exists and auto-investigate is enabled:
       background worker calls investigateNow({ postVersionId }) and then polls for completion
   → Result is cached locally when returned
 ```
 
-**Background selection (server-managed budget):**
+**Background selection (server-managed daily budget):**
 
 ```
 Cron job runs every N minutes
-  → SELECT uninvestigated posts ORDER BY unique_view_score DESC LIMIT :budget
-  → INSERT Investigation(status=PENDING) for each
+  → Recover expired leases; re-enqueue funded PENDING investigations that are due
+  → Admit uninvestigated latest versions (and unfunded investigations) ORDER BY
+    unique_view_score DESC, while today's SELECTOR admissions < SELECTOR_DAILY_BUDGET
+  → INSERT Investigation(status=PENDING, origin=SELECTOR) for each new one
   → Job queue workers pick up and investigate
 ```
 
@@ -494,16 +520,26 @@ completed investigation matching the current version.
   `registerObservedVersion`; the API computes the version key internally. Subsequent calls
   (`recordViewAndGetStatus`, `investigateNow`) reference the resolved version by `postVersionId`.
 - **Hit**: Return claims. The view still increments the counter.
-- **Miss**: Return `{ investigationState: "NOT_INVESTIGATED", claims: null }` (optionally with
-  `priorInvestigationResult` when a prior complete `SERVER_VERIFIED` investigation exists).
-  The view is recorded; the selector may pick this post up later.
+- **Miss**: Return `{ investigationState: "NOT_INVESTIGATED", priorInvestigationResult }`, with
+  claims carried forward from another version when any apply (below). The view is recorded;
+  the selector may pick this post up later.
 - **Strict version rule**: Never return or render an investigation for a different content version
-  of the same post. No fallback to older versions.
-- **Interim update rule**: For a version miss with no complete result on the requested
-  version, the API may return a prior complete `SERVER_VERIFIED` investigation as
-  interim via `priorInvestigationResult = { oldClaims, sourceInvestigationId }`.
-  This is a temporary UI state only, does not count as a final cache hit, and does
-  not by itself queue a new investigation run.
+  of the same post as that version's result. The only claims of another version a viewer sees
+  are the interim ones below.
+- **Interim carry-forward**: While the requested version has no finished investigation (not
+  investigated yet, or investigating), `priorInvestigationResult` (`{ oldClaims,
+  sourceInvestigationId }`) comes from the post's latest complete investigation (by
+  `checkedAt`) on another version — never the requested version itself — of either
+  provenance, and holds only the claims whose exact `text` still occurs in the requested
+  version's content text (after the same normalization claim texts were taken from, §3.8).
+  If there is no such investigation or none of its claims survives, it is null.
+  Rationale: a correction is only shown while the exact text it corrects is still on the
+  page. An edit (or a content-normalization change) then never leaves a correction pointing
+  at text that is gone, and a correction of text that is still there stays visible until the
+  new version's own investigation replaces it, however the earlier version's content was
+  obtained. This is a temporary UI state only: it is not a cache hit, does not by itself
+  queue an investigation, and does not change which investigation an update run uses as its
+  parent (still the latest complete `SERVER_VERIFIED` one, §2.4.3).
 - **Version key semantics**: The version key (`versionHash`) is derived from both normalized text
   and image occurrences: `sha256(contentHash + "\n" + occurrencesHash)`. For LessWrong and
   Wikipedia, normalized text is derived server-side from canonical sources; for X/Substack it is
@@ -529,7 +565,18 @@ So server-side verification is preferred but best-effort.
 - Identity binding rule: server-canonical responses define authoritative platform identity.
   For server-verifiable platforms (for example, Wikipedia `pageId` + `revisionId`), if
   client-submitted identity disagrees with the platform response, the API records an
-  integrity anomaly and corrects stored identity to the server value.
+  integrity anomaly and corrects stored identity to the server value. The post URL and
+  author are identity too: when the server fetch succeeds (LessWrong: post URL from
+  `_id` + `slug`, author and title from the post's user; Wikipedia: article URL from the
+  parse API title), they come from the platform response and `Post.identityVerifiedAt`
+  latches. Once latched, client-submitted URL/author never overwrite them.
+- Client-submitted post URLs are validated per platform before they are stored: `https`
+  only, on the platform's host (`lesswrong.com`, `x.com`/`twitter.com`,
+  `<lang>.wikipedia.org`; Substack may use custom domains, so only a `/p/<slug>` path is
+  required), naming the same post as `externalId` where the URL encodes it.
+- The canonical fetch runs inside `registerObservedVersion`, so it is bounded: one
+  10-second deadline across all transient retries and a 10 MB response cap; exceeding
+  either falls back to `CLIENT_FALLBACK`.
 - Primary path: server verifies platform content and derives the canonical content version.
 - Mismatch policy: if identity-bound verification succeeds but conflicts with submitted content,
   record an integrity anomaly and continue with the server-derived canonical content
@@ -568,14 +615,18 @@ consumers can apply their own trust policy.
   (e.g., on a subsequent `registerObservedVersion` where the server retries),
   matching `PostVersion` rows latch `serverVerifiedAt` from null to a timestamp.
   Existing investigation provenance snapshots are immutable and are not rewritten.
-- **Interim display policy:** Interim reuse is only enabled when the prior completed investigation has
-  `provenance = "SERVER_VERIFIED"` on `InvestigationInput`. `CLIENT_FALLBACK` investigations are never reused as
-  interim results on a new version.
+- **Interim display policy:** interim claims may come from a `CLIENT_FALLBACK` investigation as
+  well as a `SERVER_VERIFIED` one (§2.8 "Interim carry-forward"): what makes a carried-forward
+  claim safe to show is that the exact text it corrects is on the viewer's page, not how the
+  earlier version's content was obtained.
 
 ## 2.10 Investigation Prioritization
 
 The investigation selector is a cron job that runs every N minutes, selecting uninvestigated posts
-ordered by capped unique-view score. Budget is configurable (e.g. 100 investigations/day).
+ordered by capped unique-view score. The budget (`SELECTOR_DAILY_BUDGET`, default 100) caps the
+investigations the selector admits per UTC day, however often it runs. Investigations admitted by
+investigateNow (instance-key or user-key funded) do not count against it; re-enqueueing already
+admitted work does not either.
 
 Scoring rules (v1):
 
@@ -585,6 +636,10 @@ Scoring rules (v1):
     post per 24h)
   - IP-range credit cap for this post today has not been exceeded
 - The IP-range credit cap is configurable.
+- The client IP behind both rules is the viewer's, not the proxy's: behind the deployment's
+  ingress the API reads it from the trusted proxy header (`ADDRESS_HEADER` / `XFF_DEPTH`), and
+  refuses to start in production without that configuration. A client address that is not an IP
+  address is a configuration error, not a bucket.
 
 This naturally handles edits: if a post was investigated but then edited, the content hash no longer
 matches any existing investigation, so it re-enters the selection pool.
@@ -646,13 +701,25 @@ For every completed investigation, persist audit artifacts:
 - Normalized input text and `contentHash`
 - Content provenance and any server-fetch failure reason
 - Prompt reference (`promptId` → `Prompt.version`, `Prompt.hash`, `Prompt.text`)
-- Provider/model metadata (enum values for provider/model, plus provider-reported model version)
-- Normalized per-attempt request/response records:
-  requested tools, output items, output text parts + citations, reasoning summaries,
-  tool calls (with raw provider payloads), token usage, and provider/parsing errors
+- Provider/model metadata: the provider enum, the provider model id the stage-1
+  fact-check ran on (recorded at completion, never predicted at queue time), and
+  the provider-reported model version of the final stage-1 response
+- Normalized per-attempt records, with one request record per provider request
+  (each stage-1 fact-check round and each stage-2 claim validation): the exact
+  model, instructions, input (image parts recorded by content hash), previous
+  response id, reasoning options, `include` values and tool definitions sent; and
+  its response, if any: output items with their text parts + citations, reasoning
+  summaries and tool calls (raw provider payloads, including web-search sources),
+  and token usage. Attempt-level provider/parsing errors.
+- Attempts recorded before per-request auditing (pre-2026-10) are kept as a single
+  `LEGACY_COMBINED` request whose fields merge all of that attempt's requests
 - Input lineage for update runs: `oldClaims`, current article text, and computed
   content diff included in request/input records so we can reconstruct why only parts changed
-- Source snapshots or immutable excerpts used for claims, with hash and retrieval timestamp
+- The immutable excerpt (`snippet`) for each claim source; what the model actually retrieved
+  (web search results, `fetch_url` bodies with retrieval timestamps) is in the attempt's raw
+  tool-call payloads
+- Per-attempt records are insert-only and keyed by a never-reset attempt number, so retries
+  never overwrite earlier attempts
 
 Stored artifacts are the canonical audit record. Re-running the same
 investigation later may produce different outputs because external web content
@@ -669,9 +736,9 @@ out of scope for v1, but the following baseline measures are required:
 1. **Extension attestation signal (not authentication).** The extension includes an attestation
    signal generated from a bundled default secret (with an optional local override in extension
    settings). Because extensions are inspectable, this is
-   treated only as a low-confidence abuse signal for filtering/telemetry, not a security boundary.
-   Missing/invalid attestation is treated as "no signal" rather than an auth failure. Authorization
-   and trust decisions must not rely on this signal alone.
+   at most a low-confidence abuse signal for filtering/telemetry, never a security boundary.
+   The v1 server does not verify or consume it; authorization and trust decisions must not rely
+   on it.
 2. **Server-side content verification.** The server always attempts to fetch canonical content
    from the platform (see §2.9). Client-submitted text is only used as fallback when the server
    fetch fails, limiting the attacker's ability to inject fabricated content into investigations.
@@ -682,8 +749,14 @@ out of scope for v1, but the following baseline measures are required:
    won't match a server-verified investigation shown to real users.
 5. **User-key handling.** User-supplied OpenAI keys may be persisted locally in the extension, but
    plaintext keys must never be persisted server-side in application data or durable logs.
-6. **SSRF-safe image fetch.** Investigation-time image downloading must block private/internal
-   network targets and enforce count/size limits before upload to blob storage.
+6. **SSRF-safe fetching.** Investigation-time image downloads and the model's `fetch_url` tool
+   fetch URLs chosen by untrusted input, so the check lives on the connection: every connection
+   resolves through a DNS lookup that rejects the answer unless all addresses are public unicast
+   (no private, loopback, link-local, CGNAT, multicast, reserved, IPv4-mapped, NAT64, 6to4 or
+   Teredo ranges) and pins the connection to the addresses it checked, so DNS rebinding has no
+   window. IP-literal hosts, embedded credentials and non-HTTP(S) schemes are rejected before
+   dispatch; redirects are followed manually through the same check; bodies are read up to a
+   byte cap. Images are downloaded only after the run's funding key is resolved.
 7. **Transport limits.** The following limits are enforced on API inputs:
    - `MAX_OBSERVED_CONTENT_TEXT_CHARS` / `MAX_OBSERVED_CONTENT_TEXT_UTF8_BYTES`: 500,000
    - `MAX_IMAGES_PER_INVESTIGATION`: 10
@@ -706,11 +779,12 @@ measures (proof-of-work, behavioral analysis) are planned for future versions.
 | Cross-browser   | **webextension-polyfill**                                         | Normalizes Chrome/Firefox API differences behind a single Promise-based API   |
 | Type safety     | **TypeScript + Zod**                                              | Runtime validation at API boundary                                            |
 | API framework   | **SvelteKit + tRPC + GraphQL**                                    | tRPC for extension/internal consumers; GraphQL for public third-party API     |
-| Database        | **Supabase (hosted Postgres) + Prisma**                           | Stores investigations, view counts, user accounts                             |
-| Job queue       | **Postgres-backed** (graphile-worker or `FOR UPDATE SKIP LOCKED`) | No Redis dependency; runs against the same Supabase database                  |
-| LLM             | **OpenAI Responses API with tools**                               | v1 provider. Anthropic support planned via `Investigator` interface           |
+| Database        | **Postgres + Prisma**                                             | Stores posts, content versions, investigations, view credits, audit records   |
+| Job queue       | **Postgres-backed** (graphile-worker)                             | No Redis dependency; runs against the same database                           |
+| Public website  | **SvelteKit (server-rendered)**                                   | Reads only the public GraphQL API; parses responses with the shared public schemas |
+| LLM             | **OpenAI Responses API with tools** (`gpt-6.1-sol`)               | v1 provider and model, fixed in code (`openai-request-config.ts`). Anthropic support planned via `Investigator` interface |
 | Auth            | **Anonymous + required instance OpenAI key + optional request-scoped user OpenAI key** | Instance-managed investigations are always available; users may still override with their own key for on-demand runs |
-| Deployment      | **Helm chart** (on-prem), **Pulumi** (official hosted, deploys the same chart) | Single artifact for both on-prem and hosted; no deployment drift              |
+| Deployment      | **Helm chart** (on-prem), **Pulumi** (official hosted, deploys the same chart)         | Single artifact for both on-prem and hosted; no deployment drift                                                     |
 
 ## 3.2 Data Model
 
@@ -724,9 +798,10 @@ model Post {
   id              String   @id @default(cuid())
   platform        Platform
   externalId      String          // Platform's native ID
-  url             String
+  url             String          // https on the platform host; server-verified when identityVerifiedAt is set
   authorId        String?
   author          Author?  @relation(fields: [authorId], references: [id])
+  identityVerifiedAt DateTime?    // Latch: url/author came from a server fetch; client data never overwrites them
   viewCount       Int      @default(0) // Raw views (analytics)
   uniqueViewScore Int      @default(0) // Capped selector score
   lastViewedAt    DateTime?
@@ -784,6 +859,26 @@ model Author {
 }
 ```
 
+### Instance API keys
+
+Operators issue API keys that authorize `investigateNow` on the instance's own
+OpenAI key. Only a SHA-256 hash of each key is stored; keys are managed with
+`pnpm --filter @openerrata/api instance-api-key` (list / activate / revoke).
+
+```prisma
+model InstanceApiKey {
+  id        String    @id @default(cuid())
+  name      String
+  keyHash   String    @unique  // SHA-256 of the trimmed key
+  revokedAt DateTime?          // Revoked keys are kept for audit and never authorize
+  createdAt DateTime  @default(now())
+  updatedAt DateTime  @updatedAt
+
+  @@index([name])
+  @@index([revokedAt])
+}
+```
+
 ### Platform metadata
 
 Platform metadata is version-scoped only. Each `PostVersion` can have one
@@ -819,7 +914,6 @@ model HtmlBlob {
 
   lesswrongServerVersionMetas LesswrongVersionMeta[] @relation("LesswrongServerHtml")
   lesswrongClientVersionMetas LesswrongVersionMeta[] @relation("LesswrongClientHtml")
-  substackServerVersionMetas  SubstackVersionMeta[]  @relation("SubstackServerHtml")
   substackClientVersionMetas  SubstackVersionMeta[]  @relation("SubstackClientHtml")
   wikipediaServerVersionMetas WikipediaVersionMeta[] @relation("WikipediaServerHtml")
   wikipediaClientVersionMetas WikipediaVersionMeta[] @relation("WikipediaClientHtml")
@@ -914,9 +1008,7 @@ model SubstackVersionMeta {
   slug                   String
   title                  String
   subtitle               String?
-  serverHtmlBlobId       String?
-  serverHtmlBlob         HtmlBlob?   @relation("SubstackServerHtml", fields: [serverHtmlBlobId], references: [id], onDelete: Restrict)
-  clientHtmlBlobId       String?
+  clientHtmlBlobId       String?    // No Substack server fetch exists, so only client HTML is stored
   clientHtmlBlob         HtmlBlob?   @relation("SubstackClientHtml", fields: [clientHtmlBlobId], references: [id], onDelete: Restrict)
   imageUrls              String[]
   authorName             String
@@ -977,17 +1069,22 @@ model Investigation {
   promptId              String
   prompt                Prompt                 @relation(fields: [promptId], references: [id])
   provider              InvestigationProvider
-  model                 InvestigationModel
-  modelVersion          String?                // Provider-reported model revision/version when available
+  // INV-INV-MODEL-AT-COMPLETION: set iff status = COMPLETE (CHECK
+  // "Investigation_model_consistency_check"); the provider model id the stage-1
+  // fact-check requests were sent to, e.g. "gpt-6.1-sol".
+  model                 String?
+  modelVersion          String?                // Provider-reported revision of the final stage-1 response
   checkedAt             DateTime?              // Null until completion
   queuedAt              DateTime               @default(now())
-  // Monotonically increasing attempt counter. Incremented atomically when a
-  // worker claims the lease. Gives each retry a distinct attemptNumber for
-  // the InvestigationAttempt audit trail.
+  origin                InvestigationOrigin    // Who admitted (and pays for) the investigation, §3.7
+  admittedAt            DateTime               // When the current origin admitted it; drives the daily selector budget
+  // Monotonically increasing attempt counter, never reset. Incremented
+  // atomically when a worker claims the lease, so every attempt has a distinct
+  // attemptNumber in the InvestigationAttempt audit trail.
   attemptCount          Int                    @default(0)
-  // INV-LEASE: The InvestigationLease row exists iff the investigation is
-  // PROCESSING and has an active lease holder. Structurally prevents
-  // leaseOwner/leaseExpiresAt without PROCESSING, and vice versa.
+  retryAfter            DateTime?              // Backoff gate for the selector after a transient failure
+  // INV-LEASE: an InvestigationLease row exists iff status = PROCESSING.
+  // Enforced at commit by deferred constraint triggers.
   lease                 InvestigationLease?
   openAiKeySource       InvestigationOpenAiKeySource?
   attempts              InvestigationAttempt[]
@@ -1002,24 +1099,30 @@ model Investigation {
   @@index([status])
 }
 
+// Everything the investigator is given that could change after queue time,
+// captured when the investigation is created; every attempt reuses it.
 model InvestigationInput {
-  investigationId         String             @id
-  investigation           Investigation?     @relation("InvestigationInputOwner")
+  investigationId            String             @id
+  investigation              Investigation?     @relation("InvestigationInputOwner")
   // Immutable after insert; enforced by trigger "reject_investigation_input_updates_trigger".
-  provenance              ContentProvenance
-  contentHash             String
-  markdownSource          MarkdownSource
-  markdown                String?            // null iff markdownSource = NONE
-  markdownRendererVersion String?            // null iff markdownSource = NONE
-  createdAt               DateTime           @default(now())
+  provenance                 ContentProvenance
+  contentHash                String
+  markdownSource             MarkdownSource
+  markdown                   String?            // null iff markdownSource = NONE
+  markdownRendererVersion    String?            // null iff markdownSource = NONE
+  imagePlaceholderSourceUrls String[]           // Source URL behind each [IMAGE:N], indexed by N; empty when NONE
+  postUrl                    String             // Prompt context, frozen at queue time
+  authorName                 String?
+  postPublishedAt            DateTime?
+  hasVideo                   Boolean
+  createdAt                  DateTime           @default(now())
 }
 
-// INV-LEASE: The existence of an InvestigationLease row means "this
-// investigation is PROCESSING and has an active lease holder". All fields
+// INV-LEASE: an InvestigationLease row exists iff its investigation is
+// PROCESSING (checked at commit by deferred constraint triggers). All fields
 // are NOT NULL — structurally prevents partial lease states. The row is
-// deleted on every terminal transition (COMPLETE, FAILED) and on lease
-// release (transient failure → PENDING), so progressClaims is automatically
-// cleaned up without needing sentinel values.
+// deleted on every transition out of PROCESSING (COMPLETE, FAILED, release to
+// PENDING, expired-lease recovery), so progressClaims is cleaned up with it.
 model InvestigationLease {
   investigationId String        @id
   investigation   Investigation @relation(fields: [investigationId], references: [id], onDelete: Cascade)
@@ -1072,63 +1175,94 @@ model InvestigationImage {
   @@index([imageBlobId])
 }
 
+// Insert-only: each attemptNumber is claimed once per investigation and its
+// audit is written once, at the attempt's terminal transition.
 model InvestigationAttempt {
-  id                      String                              @id @default(cuid())
-  investigationId         String
-  investigation           Investigation                       @relation(fields: [investigationId], references: [id], onDelete: Cascade)
-  attemptNumber           Int
-  outcome                 InvestigationAttemptOutcome
-  requestModel            String   // Provider request model id (e.g. gpt-5-*)
-  requestInstructions     String   // Exact instructions/system prompt sent
-  requestInput            String   // Exact user input sent
-  requestReasoningEffort  String?
-  requestReasoningSummary String?
-  responseId              String?  // Provider response id
-  responseStatus          String?
-  responseModelVersion    String?
-  responseOutputText      String?  // Raw structured output text returned
-  startedAt               DateTime
-  completedAt             DateTime?
-  requestedTools          InvestigationAttemptRequestedTool[]
-  outputItems             InvestigationAttemptOutputItem[]
-  toolCalls               InvestigationAttemptToolCall[]
-  usage                   InvestigationAttemptUsage?
-  error                   InvestigationAttemptError?
-  createdAt               DateTime                            @default(now())
-  updatedAt               DateTime                            @updatedAt
+  id              String                        @id @default(cuid())
+  investigationId String
+  investigation   Investigation                 @relation(fields: [investigationId], references: [id], onDelete: Cascade)
+  attemptNumber   Int
+  outcome         InvestigationAttemptOutcome
+  startedAt       DateTime
+  completedAt     DateTime?
+  requests        InvestigationAttemptRequest[]
+  error           InvestigationAttemptError?
+  createdAt       DateTime                      @default(now())
+  updatedAt       DateTime                      @updatedAt
 
   @@unique([investigationId, attemptNumber])
   @@index([investigationId, startedAt])
 }
 
+// One provider request made during an attempt, exactly as sent.
+model InvestigationAttemptRequest {
+  id                 String                              @id @default(cuid())
+  attemptId          String
+  attempt            InvestigationAttempt                @relation(fields: [attemptId], references: [id], onDelete: Cascade)
+  kind               InvestigationAttemptRequestKind
+  // INV-ATTEMPT-REQUEST-SUBJECT: factCheckRound is set iff kind = FACT_CHECK_ROUND;
+  // claimIndex is set iff kind = CLAIM_VALIDATION (CHECK "InvestigationAttemptRequest_subject_check").
+  factCheckRound     Int?
+  claimIndex         Int?
+  model              String   // Provider request model id (e.g. gpt-6.1-sol)
+  instructions       String   // Exact instructions/system prompt sent
+  input              Json     // Exact `input` sent; image parts carry imageContentHash (ImageBlob.contentHash) instead of the data URI
+  previousResponseId String?  // Set on fact-check rounds after the first
+  reasoningEffort    String?
+  reasoningSummary   String?
+  include            String[]
+  requestedTools     InvestigationAttemptRequestedTool[]
+  response           InvestigationAttemptResponse?   // Absent when the request failed without a response
+  createdAt          DateTime                            @default(now())
+
+  @@unique([attemptId, factCheckRound])
+  @@unique([attemptId, claimIndex])
+  @@index([attemptId])
+}
+
 model InvestigationAttemptRequestedTool {
-  id            String               @id @default(cuid())
-  attemptId     String
-  attempt       InvestigationAttempt @relation(fields: [attemptId], references: [id], onDelete: Cascade)
+  id            String                      @id @default(cuid())
+  requestId     String
+  request       InvestigationAttemptRequest @relation(fields: [requestId], references: [id], onDelete: Cascade)
   requestOrder  Int
   toolType      String
   rawDefinition Json     // Full provider tool-definition payload for this request position
-  createdAt     DateTime             @default(now())
+  createdAt     DateTime                    @default(now())
 
-  @@unique([attemptId, requestOrder])
-  @@index([attemptId])
+  @@unique([requestId, requestOrder])
+  @@index([requestId])
+}
+
+model InvestigationAttemptResponse {
+  id                 String                           @id @default(cuid())
+  requestId          String                           @unique
+  request            InvestigationAttemptRequest      @relation(fields: [requestId], references: [id], onDelete: Cascade)
+  providerResponseId String
+  status             String?   // Provider-reported status; null if omitted (the attempt then fails)
+  modelVersion       String    // Provider-reported model revision
+  receivedAt         DateTime? // Null only on LEGACY_COMBINED requests
+  outputItems        InvestigationAttemptOutputItem[]
+  usage              InvestigationAttemptUsage?
+  createdAt          DateTime                         @default(now())
 }
 
 model InvestigationAttemptOutputItem {
   id                 String                                 @id @default(cuid())
-  attemptId          String
-  attempt            InvestigationAttempt                   @relation(fields: [attemptId], references: [id], onDelete: Cascade)
+  responseId         String
+  response           InvestigationAttemptResponse           @relation(fields: [responseId], references: [id], onDelete: Cascade)
   outputIndex        Int
   providerItemId     String?
   itemType           String   // Provider-defined output item type
   itemStatus         String?
+  // By itemType: textParts for "message", reasoningSummaries for "reasoning",
+  // toolCall for every other (tool call) item.
   textParts          InvestigationAttemptOutputTextPart[]
   reasoningSummaries InvestigationAttemptReasoningSummary[]
   toolCall           InvestigationAttemptToolCall?
   createdAt          DateTime                               @default(now())
 
-  @@unique([attemptId, outputIndex])
-  @@index([attemptId])
+  @@unique([responseId, outputIndex])
+  @@index([responseId])
 }
 
 model InvestigationAttemptOutputTextPart {
@@ -1175,36 +1309,23 @@ model InvestigationAttemptReasoningSummary {
 }
 
 model InvestigationAttemptToolCall {
-  id                  String                         @id @default(cuid())
-  attemptId           String
-  attempt             InvestigationAttempt           @relation(fields: [attemptId], references: [id], onDelete: Cascade)
-  outputItemId        String
-  outputItem          InvestigationAttemptOutputItem @relation(fields: [outputItemId], references: [id], onDelete: Cascade)
-  outputIndex         Int
-  providerToolCallId  String?
-  toolType            String
-  status              String?
-  rawPayload          Json     // Full provider output item payload for this call
-  capturedAt          DateTime
-  providerStartedAt   DateTime?
-  providerCompletedAt DateTime?
-  createdAt           DateTime                       @default(now())
-
-  @@unique([attemptId, outputIndex])
-  @@unique([outputItemId])
-  @@index([attemptId])
+  id           String                         @id @default(cuid())
+  outputItemId String                         @unique
+  outputItem   InvestigationAttemptOutputItem @relation(fields: [outputItemId], references: [id], onDelete: Cascade)
+  rawPayload   Json     // Full provider output item payload for this call
+  createdAt    DateTime                       @default(now())
 }
 
 model InvestigationAttemptUsage {
-  id                    String               @id @default(cuid())
-  attemptId             String               @unique
-  attempt               InvestigationAttempt @relation(fields: [attemptId], references: [id], onDelete: Cascade)
+  id                    String                       @id @default(cuid())
+  responseId            String                       @unique
+  response              InvestigationAttemptResponse @relation(fields: [responseId], references: [id], onDelete: Cascade)
   inputTokens           Int
   outputTokens          Int
   totalTokens           Int
   cachedInputTokens     Int?
   reasoningOutputTokens Int?
-  createdAt             DateTime             @default(now())
+  createdAt             DateTime                     @default(now())
 }
 
 model InvestigationAttemptError {
@@ -1249,10 +1370,7 @@ model Source {
   claim        Claim    @relation(fields: [claimId], references: [id], onDelete: Cascade)
   url          String
   title        String
-  snippet      String
-  snapshotText String?  // Immutable excerpt/body used during the run (if retained)
-  snapshotHash String?  // Hash of snapshotText or archived source bytes
-  retrievedAt  DateTime
+  snippet      String   // Immutable excerpt the claim relies on; retrieval data is in the attempt's tool calls
 
   @@index([claimId])
 }
@@ -1281,18 +1399,23 @@ enum InvestigationProvider {
   ANTHROPIC
 }
 
-enum InvestigationModel {
-  OPENAI_GPT_5
-  OPENAI_GPT_5_MINI
-  ANTHROPIC_CLAUDE_SONNET
-  ANTHROPIC_CLAUDE_OPUS
-}
-
 enum InvestigationAttemptOutcome {
   SUCCEEDED
   FAILED
 }
 
+enum InvestigationAttemptRequestKind {
+  FACT_CHECK_ROUND   // One round of the stage-1 fact-check tool loop
+  CLAIM_VALIDATION   // One stage-2 per-claim validation call
+  LEGACY_COMBINED    // Pre-2026-10 merged audit of a whole attempt; never written by current code
+}
+
+enum InvestigationOrigin {
+  SELECTOR          // Background selection; server key; counts against SELECTOR_DAILY_BUDGET
+  INSTANCE_REQUEST  // investigateNow from an instance-API-key client; server key
+  USER_KEY_REQUEST  // investigateNow funded by the requester's verified OpenAI key
+}
+
 // No Verdict enum. Every Claim in the database is an incorrect claim.
 // The model only reports claims it has clear evidence are wrong.
 // Correct, ambiguous, and unverifiable claims are not stored.
@@ -1335,48 +1458,54 @@ interface InvestigationResult {
 // canonical content via server-side verification (best effort) or client fallback.
 // Returns a postVersionId that subsequent calls use as a cheap PK reference.
 postRouter.registerObservedVersion
-  Input:  { platform, externalId, url, observedImageUrls?, observedImageOccurrences?,
+  Input:  { platform, externalId, url,
+            observedImageOccurrences?, // every observed image in page order; the distinct
+                                       // image URLs are derived from it (absent = no images)
             observedContentText?, // required for X/Substack/Wikipedia; omitted for LessWrong
             metadata: { title?, authorName?, ... } }
   Output: { platform, externalId, versionHash, postVersionId, provenance: ContentProvenance }
 
-// Record a view and return cached investigation status. Increments raw viewCount
-// and updates uniqueViewScore. Uses postVersionId from registerObservedVersion
-// for a direct primary-key lookup (no content re-derivation).
+// Record a view and return the status of this version's investigation, if any.
+// Increments raw viewCount and updates uniqueViewScore. Uses postVersionId from
+// registerObservedVersion for a direct primary-key lookup (no content re-derivation);
+// rejects unknown post versions. Every variant about an existing investigation
+// carries its id, so the client can poll an investigation it did not start.
 postRouter.recordViewAndGetStatus
   Input:  { postVersionId }
   Output:
     | { investigationState: "NOT_INVESTIGATED",
         priorInvestigationResult: { oldClaims: Claim[], sourceInvestigationId: string } | null }
-    | { investigationState: "INVESTIGATING", status: "PENDING" | "PROCESSING",
+    | { investigationState: "INVESTIGATING", investigationId, status: "PENDING" | "PROCESSING",
         provenance: ContentProvenance,
         pendingClaims: ClaimPayload[], confirmedClaims: ClaimPayload[],
         priorInvestigationResult: { oldClaims: Claim[], sourceInvestigationId: string } | null }
-    | { investigationState: "INVESTIGATED", provenance: ContentProvenance, claims: Claim[] }
+    | { investigationState: "FAILED", investigationId, provenance: ContentProvenance }
+    | { investigationState: "INVESTIGATED", investigationId, provenance: ContentProvenance,
+        claims: Claim[] }
 
 // Fetch results for a specific investigation (used for polling)
 postRouter.getInvestigation
   Input:  { investigationId }
   Output:
-    | { investigationState: "NOT_INVESTIGATED",
-        priorInvestigationResult: { oldClaims: Claim[], sourceInvestigationId: string } | null,
-        checkedAt?: DateTime }
+    | { investigationState: "NOT_INVESTIGATED", // unknown investigationId
+        priorInvestigationResult: null }
     | { investigationState: "INVESTIGATING", status: "PENDING" | "PROCESSING",
         provenance: ContentProvenance,
         pendingClaims: ClaimPayload[], confirmedClaims: ClaimPayload[],
-        priorInvestigationResult: { oldClaims: Claim[], sourceInvestigationId: string } | null,
-        checkedAt?: DateTime }
-    | { investigationState: "FAILED", provenance: ContentProvenance,
-        checkedAt?: DateTime }
+        priorInvestigationResult: { oldClaims: Claim[], sourceInvestigationId: string } | null }
+    | { investigationState: "FAILED", provenance: ContentProvenance }
     | { investigationState: "INVESTIGATED", provenance: ContentProvenance,
         claims: Claim[], checkedAt: DateTime }
 
 // Request immediate investigation. Uses postVersionId from registerObservedVersion.
 // Authorization: instance API key OR request-scoped user OpenAI key (`x-openai-api-key`).
+// A user key is verified with OpenAI before it funds anything (rejected → UNAUTHORIZED,
+// restricted → FORBIDDEN, unverifiable → BAD_GATEWAY) and only funds an investigation this
+// request admits (§2.6).
 // Rejects posts exceeding the word count limit (same 10,000-word cap as the selector).
 // Idempotent: if an investigation already exists for this content version, returns its
 // current status (which may be COMPLETE or FAILED, not just PENDING).
-// All paths are async queue-backed; user-key requests attach an encrypted short-lived lease.
+// All paths are async queue-backed; user-key requests attach an encrypted short-lived key source.
 postRouter.investigateNow
   Input:  { postVersionId }
   Output:
@@ -1464,6 +1593,11 @@ type PublicInvestigationResult {
   claims: [PublicClaim!]!
 }
 
+type ClaimSummary {
+  id: ID!
+  summary: String!
+}
+
 type PostInvestigationSummary {
   id: ID!
   contentHash: String!
@@ -1471,6 +1605,7 @@ type PostInvestigationSummary {
   corroborationCount: Int!
   checkedAt: DateTime!
   claimCount: Int!
+  claimSummaries: [ClaimSummary!]!
 }
 
 type PostInvestigationsResult {
@@ -1488,8 +1623,11 @@ type SearchInvestigationSummary {
   origin: InvestigationOrigin!
   corroborationCount: Int!
   claimCount: Int!
+  claimSummaries: [ClaimSummary!]!
 }
 
+# SERVER_VERIFIED implies serverVerifiedAt is set; a CLIENT_FALLBACK
+# investigation's serverVerifiedAt is set if the content was verified later.
 type InvestigationOrigin {
   provenance: ContentProvenance!
   serverVerifiedAt: DateTime
@@ -1497,20 +1635,25 @@ type InvestigationOrigin {
 
 type SearchInvestigationsResult {
   investigations: [SearchInvestigationSummary!]!
+  hasMore: Boolean!
 }
 
 type PublicMetrics {
   totalInvestigatedPosts: Int!
   investigatedPostsWithFlags: Int!
-  factCheckIncidence: Float!
+  factCheckIncidence: Float # null when no investigated posts match the filters
 }
 
 type Query {
   publicInvestigation(investigationId: ID!): PublicInvestigationResult
-  postInvestigations(platform: Platform!, externalId: String!): PostInvestigationsResult!
+  postInvestigations(
+    platform: Platform!
+    externalId: String!
+  ): PostInvestigationsResult!
   searchInvestigations(
     query: String
     platform: Platform
+    minClaimCount: Int
     limit: Int = 20
     offset: Int = 0
   ): SearchInvestigationsResult!
@@ -1531,7 +1674,12 @@ type Query {
   when no post exists; otherwise includes all complete investigations for that post.
 - `searchInvestigations(...)` returns all complete investigations matching the filters.
 - `publicMetrics(...)` counts all complete investigations matching the filters.
-- `searchInvestigations.limit` must be in `[1, 100]`; `offset >= 0`.
+- `searchInvestigations.limit` must be in `[1, 100]`; `offset >= 0`; `minClaimCount` (optional,
+  `>= 0`) keeps only investigations with at least that many claims; `hasMore` is true when
+  results exist beyond `offset + limit`.
+- Post URLs and source URLs are always `http(s)` URLs.
+- The shared `public*OutputSchema`s in `shared/src/schemas/public-api.ts` are the
+  machine-readable form of these response shapes.
 - Public responses include trust signals (`provenance`, `corroborationCount`,
   `serverVerifiedAt`) so clients can apply their own thresholds.
 
@@ -1541,7 +1689,11 @@ In v1, public metrics focus on incidence rather than truth-rate leaderboards:
 
 ### Public Surface
 
-- External public integrations use GraphQL (`/graphql`).
+- External public integrations use GraphQL (`/graphql`); it is the only public read surface
+  (there is no public tRPC router).
+- The public website is one of those integrations: it sends only GraphQL queries and parses
+  each response with the shared public schemas, so a response outside this contract renders
+  an error page (HTTP 502) rather than partial or unchecked data.
 - Extension/internal traffic uses `postRouter.*` tRPC procedures.
 
 ## 3.5 Cache & Idempotency Implementation
@@ -1560,17 +1712,17 @@ WHERE "postVersionId" = $1 AND "status" = 'COMPLETE'
 LIMIT 1;
 ```
 
-Interim update candidate query (latest complete server-verified investigation for a post):
+Interim carry-forward source query (latest complete investigation of the post on another
+version, any provenance; its claims are then filtered to those still on the page, §2.8):
 
 ```sql
 SELECT i.*
 FROM "Investigation" i
 JOIN "PostVersion" pv ON pv."id" = i."postVersionId"
-JOIN "InvestigationInput" ii ON ii."investigationId" = i."id"
 WHERE pv."postId" = $1
+  AND pv."id" <> $2 -- the requested version
   AND i."status" = 'COMPLETE'
-  AND ii."provenance" = 'SERVER_VERIFIED'
-ORDER BY i."checkedAt" DESC
+ORDER BY i."checkedAt" DESC, i."id" DESC
 LIMIT 1;
 ```
 
@@ -1583,51 +1735,62 @@ uniqueness on `postVersionId` in `Investigation` to prevent duplicates under con
 
 ## 3.6 Investigation Selector Queries
 
-The selector picks the most recently seen `PostVersion` per post, joins to
-`ContentBlob` for word-count filtering, and left-joins `Investigation` +
-`InvestigationRun` to find versions that are either uninvestigated or stuck in
-a recoverable pending/processing state.
+Each selector run (`runSelector({ dailyBudget })`) does three things, isolating
+failures per item (a failing item is reported and the run continues; the
+entrypoint exits non-zero if any item failed):
+
+1. **Recover expired leases** — every PROCESSING investigation whose lease has
+   expired goes through the single recovery path (§3.7).
+2. **Re-enqueue funded work** — every funded PENDING investigation whose
+   `retryAfter` has passed is enqueued again (the per-investigation jobKey
+   collapses duplicates), so a lost queue job never strands one. Not budgeted.
+3. **Admit new work** — while today's SELECTOR admissions (counted by
+   `origin = SELECTOR AND admittedAt >= start of the UTC day`) are below
+   `SELECTOR_DAILY_BUDGET`, admit candidates in score order. Each admission
+   takes a transaction-scoped advisory lock and re-counts, so concurrent runs
+   cannot overspend. New investigations get update lineage (§2.4.3) and an input
+   snapshot exactly as investigateNow does; unfunded investigations are re-funded
+   as SELECTOR.
 
 ```sql
--- Select candidate post versions for investigation, ordered by unique-view score.
+-- Admission candidates: latest version per post with no investigation, or an
+-- unfunded one (user key dropped), ordered by unique-view score.
 WITH latest_versions AS (
   SELECT DISTINCT ON (pv."postId")
     pv."id" AS "postVersionId",
     pv."postId",
-    pv."contentBlobId",
-    pv."lastSeenAt"
+    pv."contentBlobId"
   FROM "PostVersion" pv
   ORDER BY pv."postId", pv."lastSeenAt" DESC, pv."id" DESC
 )
 SELECT
   lv."postVersionId",
-  i."id" AS "investigationId",
-  i."status" AS "investigationStatus"
+  i."id" AS "unfundedInvestigationId"
 FROM latest_versions lv
 JOIN "Post" p ON p."id" = lv."postId"
 JOIN "ContentBlob" cb ON cb."id" = lv."contentBlobId"
 LEFT JOIN "Investigation" i ON i."postVersionId" = lv."postVersionId"
-LEFT JOIN "InvestigationLease" il ON il."investigationId" = i."id"
 WHERE cb."wordCount" <= 10000
   AND (
-    i."id" IS NULL                          -- no investigation yet
-    OR i."status" = 'PENDING'               -- pending, ready for enqueueing
-    OR (i."status" = 'PROCESSING'           -- stuck processing (lease expired or missing)
-        AND (il."investigationId" IS NULL OR il."leaseExpiresAt" <= NOW()))
+    i."id" IS NULL
+    OR (i."status" = 'PENDING' AND i."origin" = 'USER_KEY_REQUEST'
+        AND NOT EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM "InvestigationOpenAiKeySource" ks
+                        WHERE ks."investigationId" = i."id"))
   )
-ORDER BY p."uniqueViewScore" DESC
-LIMIT :budget;
+ORDER BY p."uniqueViewScore" DESC, lv."postVersionId"
+LIMIT :remainingDailyBudget;
 ```
 
-Each candidate is then passed to `ensureInvestigationQueued({ postVersionId, promptId })`
-which handles idempotent creation of the `Investigation` row and job enqueueing.
-
 ## 3.7 Job Queue
 
 Postgres-backed (graphile-worker). No Redis.
 Used by selector work and all `investigateNow` requests.
-User-key requests attach an encrypted short-lived key source on the Investigation
-for worker-side credential handoff.
+
+Every investigation is admitted with an origin that fixes who pays for its runs:
+`SELECTOR` (server key, daily budget), `INSTANCE_REQUEST` (server key, trusted
+instance-API-key client) or `USER_KEY_REQUEST` (the requester's verified OpenAI
+key, stored as an encrypted, 30-minute InvestigationOpenAiKeySource). A
+`USER_KEY_REQUEST` run never falls back to the server key.
 
 Each graphile-worker job is enqueued with `maxAttempts: 1` and a per-investigation
 `jobKey` (`investigate:${investigationId}`). Retry control is managed by the
@@ -1635,36 +1798,66 @@ application, not graphile-worker: transient failures reclaim the investigation t
 PENDING and explicitly re-enqueue with a backoff delay.
 
 ```
-Investigation selected (by selector or any investigateNow request)
+Investigation admitted (by selector or any investigateNow request)
   → Upsert investigation for postVersionId (idempotent: one investigation per content version)
   → If already exists: reuse existing investigation row and do not enqueue duplicate work
-  → Worker picks up job → claim lease (PENDING → PROCESSING, atomically increment attemptCount)
-  → Worker calls Investigator.investigate()
-  → On success: delete lease, UPDATE status = COMPLETE
-  → On failure: classify and retry or fail permanently
+  → Worker picks up job → claim lease (funded PENDING → PROCESSING, atomically increment attemptCount)
+  → Worker resolves the funding key (before downloading any image), then calls Investigator.investigate()
+  → Heartbeat renews the lease every 15s; if a renewal finds the lease gone (or renewals fail
+    past its expiry) the run is aborted and writes nothing further
+  → On success: delete lease, UPDATE status = COMPLETE, record the model that ran
+  → On failure: classify and retry, drop the user key, or fail permanently
+
+Lease invariant:
+  - An InvestigationLease row exists iff status = PROCESSING, enforced by deferred
+    constraint triggers at commit.
+  - One recovery path for expired leases (used by the worker, the selector and
+    investigateNow): delete the lease; PENDING again, or FAILED if the lost attempt
+    was attempt MAX_INVESTIGATION_ATTEMPTS or later.
 
 Retry model:
-  - Investigation.attemptCount tracks retries (incremented at lease claim).
-  - MAX_INVESTIGATION_ATTEMPTS = 4. When exhausted, the investigation is marked FAILED.
+  - Investigation.attemptCount numbers attempts (incremented at lease claim, never reset),
+    so every InvestigationAttempt audit row keeps its own attemptNumber.
+  - MAX_INVESTIGATION_ATTEMPTS = 4: a transient failure on attempt 4 or later marks FAILED.
   - Transient retries use exponential backoff: delay = 10s × 2^(attempt - 1).
 
 Failure classes:
   TRANSIENT (reclaim to PENDING, re-enqueue with backoff, up to MAX_INVESTIGATION_ATTEMPTS):
-    - Provider 5xx errors, rate limits (429), network timeouts
+    - Provider 5xx errors, rate limits (429) on the server key, network timeouts and connection errors
+  USER KEY UNUSABLE (drop the key; the investigation becomes unfunded PENDING, not re-enqueued):
+    - User-key source missing, expired or undecryptable when the worker starts
+    - OpenAI refuses the user key: 401, 403, 404 (no model access), 429 (rate/quota)
+    The failed attempt is still recorded. Unfunded investigations wait until the selector
+    (within its budget) or a new investigateNow funds them, so a bad key can never make a
+    post permanently uninvestigable.
   NON_RETRYABLE (mark FAILED immediately):
-    - Structured output fails Zod validation (likely prompt/schema issue, not transient)
+    - Unusable model output: an unparseable validation verdict, or the stage-1
+      tool loop exceeding its round limit
     - Provider content-policy refusal
-    - Authentication/authorization errors (401, 403)
-  PARTIAL (mark FAILED, log partial output for debugging):
-    - Provider returns truncated or incomplete tool-call trace
-
-If a user-key source is missing/expired when the worker starts, the investigation
-fails and requires an explicit user re-request. Key sources are consumed (deleted)
-on every terminal transition (COMPLETE, FAILED).
-
-`FAILED` is terminal for a given `postVersionId` in v1. Re-running that exact content
-version requires an explicit operator/admin action (e.g., reset status or delete/recreate row),
-not automatic selector retries.
+    - Provider request rejections on the server key: malformed request (400),
+      authentication/authorization (401, 403), unknown model/resource (404),
+      unprocessable (422)
+    - Investigator input violating its contract
+  PARTIAL (mark FAILED, keep the partial output in the attempt audit):
+    - A provider response that ends with any status other than "completed"
+      (e.g. "incomplete": truncated output or tool-call trace)
+
+Claim submissions that fail the shared claim schema (e.g. a non-http(s) source
+URL) are not failures: the tool call's output tells the model the claim was not
+recorded, and the model may resubmit within the same run.
+
+Before taking jobs, the worker sends a probe with the investigation request's
+exact shape (model, tools, include, reasoning options; tool use disabled, output
+capped) and refuses to start if OpenAI rejects it; user-key validation in
+settings runs the same probe.
+
+Key sources are consumed (deleted) on every terminal transition (COMPLETE, FAILED)
+and when the key is dropped.
+
+`FAILED` is terminal for a given `postVersionId` in v1: investigateNow returns it
+unchanged and the selector never re-admits it. Re-running that exact content
+version requires an explicit operator/admin action (e.g. delete/recreate the row),
+not automatic retries.
 ```
 
 ## 3.8 Platform Adapter Interface
@@ -1672,11 +1865,13 @@ not automatic selector retries.
 Each content script implements:
 
 ```typescript
+// hydrating / ambiguous_dom / missing_identity are transient (the page may
+// still be rendering); unsupported is final for the current DOM.
 type AdapterNotReadyReason =
   | "hydrating"
   | "ambiguous_dom"
-  | "unsupported"
-  | "missing_identity";
+  | "missing_identity"
+  | "unsupported";
 
 type AdapterExtractionResult =
   | { kind: "ready"; content: PlatformContent }
@@ -1684,16 +1879,19 @@ type AdapterExtractionResult =
 
 interface PlatformAdapter {
   platformKey: Platform;
-  contentRootSelector: string;
-  matches(url: string): boolean;
-  detectFromDom?(document: Document): boolean;
+  matches(url: string): boolean; // URL-first selection
+  detectFromDom?(document: Document): boolean; // custom-domain fallback
+  pageLocator(url: string): PageLocator | null; // what the URL says about the post (below)
   detectPrivateOrGated?(document: Document): boolean;
   extract(document: Document): AdapterExtractionResult;
   getContentRoot(document: Document): Element | null;
+  // Subtrees under the root that are not post content on this platform; used
+  // alike for text extraction, claim matching and HTML snapshots.
+  contentExclusionFilter(root: Element): (element: Element) => boolean;
 }
 
 interface ImageOccurrence {
-  originalIndex: number;        // 0-based ordinal position of the image in the page
+  originalIndex: number; // 0-based ordinal position of the image in the page
   normalizedTextOffset: number; // Character offset in the normalized content text
   sourceUrl: string;
   captionText?: string;
@@ -1701,34 +1899,68 @@ interface ImageOccurrence {
 
 interface PlatformContent {
   platform: Platform;
-  externalId: string;
+  externalId: string; // per-platform format, validated: LessWrong post ID,
+  // numeric tweet ID, numeric Substack post ID,
+  // Wikipedia `{language}:{pageId}`
   url: string;
-  contentText: string; // Client-observed normalized plain text; must be non-empty
-  mediaState: "text_only" | "has_images" | "has_video"; // Precedence: "has_video" if any video/iframe is detected; otherwise "has_images" when imageUrls is non-empty; otherwise "text_only".
-  imageUrls: string[];
-  imageOccurrences?: ImageOccurrence[]; // Positional image data; sent to API as observedImageOccurrences
+  contentText: string; // Client-observed normalized plain text
+  hasVideo: boolean; // any video/audio/video-iframe embed
+  imageOccurrences: ImageOccurrence[]; // every image, in page order; the only image data
+  // (sent to the API as observedImageOccurrences)
   metadata: Record<string, unknown>;
 }
 ```
 
+Media state is derived, not stored: `has_video` if `hasVideo`; otherwise
+`has_images` when there are image occurrences; otherwise `text_only`.
+
+A `PageLocator` is what a URL alone says about the post a page shows:
+LessWrong post ID, tweet ID, Substack origin + slug, or Wikipedia language +
+page ID and/or title. It identifies pages whose external ID is not (yet)
+known — skipped pages, and the popup's check that a cached status still
+describes the tab's page — and is parsed in one shared module.
+
 Adapter selection is URL-first (`matches(url)`), then optional DOM-fingerprint fallback
 (`detectFromDom(document)`) for custom-domain platform pages.
 
+When an adapter stays `not_ready` with a transient reason for 5 seconds on the
+same URL (e.g. a tweet whose identity cannot be proven), the page is reported
+as skipped with `unsupported_content`; it keeps being re-checked on DOM changes.
+
 ### Content normalization (shared package)
 
 Both client (extension) and server (API) must produce identical normalized text from
-the same HTML. Two shared components ensure this:
-
-**Block separator injection:** `CONTENT_BLOCK_SEPARATOR_TAGS` defines block-level HTML
-elements whose boundaries are treated as word separators during extraction. Both the
-extension (DOM TreeWalker) and API (parse5 traversal) inject a space character at the
-entry of these elements, ensuring compact HTML without whitespace text nodes still
-normalizes identically.
+the same HTML. The extension reads content text from the live content root
+through one text index — the same index the claim mapper (§2.4.1) and the
+content-change check use — skipping `NON_CONTENT_TAGS` and the adapter's
+exclusions; word separators exist only in the text (they have no DOM
+position). Two shared components ensure parity with the server:
+
+**Word separator injection:** `WORD_SEPARATOR_TAGS` defines the HTML elements whose
+boundaries are treated as word separators during extraction: block-level elements, and the
+line-breaking void elements `br` and `hr` (`hard.<br>This` reads `hard. This`, not
+`hard.This`). Both the extension (DOM TreeWalker) and API (parse5 traversal) inject a space
+character at the entry and exit of these elements, ensuring compact HTML without whitespace
+text nodes still normalizes identically.
 
 ```typescript
-const CONTENT_BLOCK_SEPARATOR_TAGS = new Set([
-  "p", "li", "h1", "h2", "h3", "h4", "h5", "h6",
-  "figcaption", "blockquote", "tr", "td", "th", "div",
+const WORD_SEPARATOR_TAGS = new Set([
+  "p",
+  "li",
+  "h1",
+  "h2",
+  "h3",
+  "h4",
+  "h5",
+  "h6",
+  "figcaption",
+  "blockquote",
+  "tr",
+  "td",
+  "th",
+  "div",
+  "br",
+  "hr",
 ]);
 
 const NON_CONTENT_TAGS = new Set(["script", "style", "noscript"]);
@@ -1738,10 +1970,10 @@ const NON_CONTENT_TAGS = new Set(["script", "style", "noscript"]);
 
 ```typescript
 const TYPOGRAPHIC_REPLACEMENTS: [RegExp, string][] = [
-  [/[\u201C\u201D]/g, '"'],                        // Left/right double quotes → "
-  [/[\u2018\u2019]/g, "'"],                        // Left/right single quotes → '
-  [/[\u2010-\u2015]/g, "-"],                       // Hyphens + en/em dashes → -
-  [/\u2026/g, "..."],                              // Horizontal ellipsis → ...
+  [/[\u201C\u201D]/g, '"'], // Left/right double quotes → "
+  [/[\u2018\u2019]/g, "'"], // Left/right single quotes → '
+  [/[\u2010-\u2015]/g, "-"], // Hyphens + en/em dashes → -
+  [/\u2026/g, "..."], // Horizontal ellipsis → ...
 ];
 
 function normalizeContent(raw: string): string {
@@ -1750,12 +1982,16 @@ function normalizeContent(raw: string): string {
     text = text.replace(pattern, replacement);
   }
   return text
-    .replace(/[\u200B-\u200D\uFEFF]/g, "")  // Remove zero-width characters
-    .replace(/\s+/g, " ")                    // Collapse whitespace
+    .replace(/[\u200B-\u200D\uFEFF]/g, "") // Remove zero-width characters
+    .replace(/\s+/g, " ") // Collapse whitespace
     .trim();
 }
 ```
 
+Page HTML sent to the API (LessWrong/Substack/Wikipedia `metadata.htmlContent`) is
+serialized from a copy of the content root with the extension's own highlight
+marks unwrapped and excluded subtrees removed; marks never leave the page.
+
 `contentText` must be non-empty. Posts that normalize to empty text are currently
 treated as unsupported and are skipped by the extension (`reason: "no_text"`).
 This includes textless/image-only posts for now.
@@ -1766,19 +2002,61 @@ views). In that case, the extension must skip sending content to the API and emi
 
 **All skip reasons:**
 
-| Reason                 | Condition                                         |
-| ---------------------- | ------------------------------------------------- |
-| `has_video`            | Any video/iframe embed detected                   |
-| `word_count`           | Normalized text exceeds `WORD_COUNT_LIMIT` (10000)|
-| `no_text`              | Content normalizes to empty string                |
-| `private_or_gated`     | Private/protected/subscriber-only content         |
-| `unsupported_content`  | Content type not supported by the adapter         |
-
-### Extension message protocol versioning
-
-All extension messages include a `v` field set to `EXTENSION_MESSAGE_PROTOCOL_VERSION`
-(currently `1`). This enables the API to reject or handle messages from outdated
-extension versions.
+| Reason                | Condition                                                                                          |
+| --------------------- | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
+| `has_video`           | Any video/iframe embed detected                                                                    |
+| `word_count`          | Normalized text exceeds `WORD_COUNT_LIMIT` (10000)                                                 |
+| `no_text`             | Content normalizes to empty string                                                                 |
+| `private_or_gated`    | Private/protected/subscriber-only content                                                          |
+| `unsupported_content` | Content not extractable (non-article page, or post still unextractable after the 5 s grace period) |
+
+Skipped pages are identified by platform, page URL and reason only: a skip can
+be decided before the post's external ID is known.
+
+### 3.8.1 Extension Message Protocol
+
+Messages between the extension's contexts are `{ type, payload }` and every
+reply is an envelope `{ ok: true, value } | { ok: false, error, errorCode? }`;
+listeners always reply with a promise, so error replies are delivered.
+Each direction has one request map (`BACKGROUND_REQUESTS`,
+`CONTENT_REQUESTS` in the shared package) from type to payload and response
+schemas; senders and handler tables are typed from it and receivers validate
+against it.
+
+| Direction                  | Type                                                                            | Purpose                                                                                                                            |
+| -------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
+| content → background       | `PAGE_CONTENT`                                                                  | Register observed content, record the view; replies with the page session's status                                                 |
+| content → background       | `PAGE_SKIPPED`                                                                  | Report a skipped page                                                                                                              |
+| content → background       | `PAGE_RESET`                                                                    | The page session ended; its status is discarded                                                                                    |
+| content → background       | `INVESTIGATE_NOW`                                                               | Investigate the session's post; replies with its status                                                                            |
+| popup → background         | `GET_TAB_STATUS`                                                                | A tab's cached status, or the upgrade-required notice                                                                              |
+| background/popup → content | `PING`                                                                          | Liveness probe; no side effects                                                                                                    |
+| popup → content            | `GET_VISIBILITY`                                                                | Highlight visibility; no side effects                                                                                              |
+| popup → content            | `SHOW_ANNOTATIONS` / `HIDE_ANNOTATIONS` / `REQUEST_INVESTIGATE` / `FOCUS_CLAIM` | User actions                                                                                                                       |
+| background → content       | `LOCATION_CHANGED`                                                              | Relay of `webNavigation.onHistoryStateUpdated`: content scripts run in an isolated world and cannot observe the page's `pushState` |
+| background → content       | `STATUS_CHANGED`                                                                | The background cached a new status for the tab                                                                                     |
+
+**Page sessions.** A content script starts a page session (with a random
+UUID `tabSessionId`) for each distinct observed page state: a tracked post
+version or a skip. The background treats the first message from a new session
+as the tab's current one and retires the previous; replies for retired
+sessions are dropped. A tab's status lives in `storage.session` (it survives
+service-worker restarts, never browser restarts) and is cleared when the tab
+commits a new document. `INVESTIGATING` statuses — whether this tab started
+the investigation or the API reported one already running — are polled until
+they settle; transient poll failures back off and give up after 5 attempts
+(`API_ERROR`).
+
+**Injection.** Each page gets one content-script controller: injection is
+probed with `PING` first, and a repeated injection finds the live controller
+and does not boot a second one. A controller orphaned by an extension
+reload/update shuts itself down and removes its highlights.
+
+The protocol is not versioned: all contexts ship in one bundle, and a content
+script orphaned by an extension update can no longer reach the new background.
+API compatibility is versioned separately over HTTP
+(`x-openerrata-extension-version`, minimum supported version → upgrade
+required).
 
 Future work: design a dedicated UI/UX flow for fact-checking image-only posts
 without relying on text-span highlighting.
@@ -1791,11 +2069,17 @@ DOM manipulation is reliable.
 **Extraction:**
 
 1. Wait for `document_idle`.
-2. Locate post body: `document.querySelector('.PostsPage-postContent')`.
-3. Extract post ID from URL: `/posts/{postId}/{slug}`.
-4. Normalize `textContent`.
-5. Extract image URLs (`<img src>`), filter malformed/data URLs, and compute `mediaState`.
-6. Send `{ platform: "LESSWRONG", externalId, url, metadata.htmlContent, observedImageUrls? }` to background worker.
+2. Extract post ID from URL: `/posts/{postId}/{slug}`.
+3. Locate the post body: the `.PostsPage-postContent` whose `#postBody` JSON-LD names that
+   post ID (never extract before that identity appears, so SPA switches cannot hash another
+   post's DOM), then its canonical `#postContent`.
+4. Read content text and image occurrences through the shared text index, excluding the
+   client-rendered linkpost callout (`.LinkPostMessage-root`), which GraphQL `contents.html`
+   lacks.
+5. Tags are the tag chips (`.FooterTag-root` links to `/w/<slug>`, formerly `/tag/<slug>`),
+   once each.
+6. Send `{ platform: "LESSWRONG", externalId, url, metadata.htmlContent, observedImageOccurrences }`
+   to the background worker.
 
 **Media behavior:** Posts with images and no video are investigated. Posts detected as private/gated
 are skipped (`reason: "private_or_gated"`). Among public posts, any `has_video` post
@@ -1809,9 +2093,12 @@ re-apply annotations. Store annotations in extension state, not DOM.
 X uses a React SPA with aggressive DOM recycling.
 
 1. `MutationObserver` to detect tweet content in viewport.
-2. For individual tweet pages (`/status/{id}`), extract main tweet text.
-3. Target `[data-testid="tweetText"]`. Acknowledge this selector is fragile and may need
-   maintenance.
+2. For individual tweet pages (`/status/{id}`), extract main tweet text: the `<article>` that
+   links to the status permalink — when several do (replies, quotes), the one whose author
+   (first profile link) is the URL's handle.
+3. Logged in, tweet text is `[data-testid="tweetText"]`; the logged-out frontend has no test
+   ids and renders it as the article's own first `div[dir="auto"]`. Acknowledge these
+   selectors are fragile and may need maintenance.
 
 **Media behavior:** Extract image URLs separately from video detection. Investigate image-only
 tweets. Skip private/protected tweets (`reason: "private_or_gated"`). Among accessible tweets, skip
@@ -1825,14 +2112,23 @@ any `has_video` tweet (video present, even when extracted images and/or tweet te
    `chrome.scripting`.
 3. `externalId` is the numeric Substack post ID parsed from social image metadata
    (`post_preview/{numericId}/twitter.jpg` pattern).
-4. Content root selector: `.body.markup`.
+4. Content root selector: `.body.markup`. Editor components in the body that are not the
+   post's own text are excluded from content text, image occurrences and transported HTML,
+   by their `data-component-name`: calls to action (`SubscribeWidget`,
+   `ButtonCreateButton` share/comment/subscribe buttons) and embeds of content from
+   elsewhere — tweets (`Twitter2ToDOM`: another author's words, like the quote tweets v1
+   does not analyze, §2.1; the avatar and tweet media go with it) and other posts
+   (`DigestPostEmbed`, `EmbeddedPostToDOM`).
 5. Subscriber-only/paywalled views are skipped (`reason: "private_or_gated"`) and are not sent
-   to `registerObservedVersion`/`recordViewAndGetStatus`/`investigateNow`.
+   to `registerObservedVersion`/`recordViewAndGetStatus`/`investigateNow`. A post whose JSON-LD
+   declares `isAccessibleForFree: false` is subscriber-only whatever paywall copy it shows —
+   including for a paid subscriber who can read it in full; paywall wording and markers are
+   checked as well.
 
 Because custom-domain Substack publishers can use arbitrary hostnames, the extension cannot
-pre-enumerate all required origins in the manifest. v1 therefore keeps broad host permissions
-and applies strict runtime checks before injection (path must be `/p/*` and Substack fingerprint
-must be present). This is an intentional tradeoff for custom-domain support.
+pre-enumerate all required origins in the manifest. v1 therefore keeps broad HTTPS host
+permissions and applies strict runtime checks before injection (path must be `/p/*` and Substack
+fingerprint must be present). This is an intentional tradeoff for custom-domain support.
 
 ## 3.12 Wikipedia Content Script
 
@@ -1845,44 +2141,75 @@ JavaScript globals (`mw.config`).
    and the hostname language code.
 3. The adapter reads MediaWiki config values (`wgArticleId`, `wgRevisionId`,
    `wgNamespaceNumber`, `wgPageName`, `wgRevisionTimestamp`) and filters out
-   non-article namespaces (namespace !== 0).
-4. Content root: `#mw-content-text .mw-parser-output`. Excluded sections
-   (References, External links, Further reading, Notes, Bibliography, Sources,
-   Citations) and non-article elements (navboxes, infobox metadata, edit links,
-   etc.) are pruned before text extraction. "See also" is intentionally
-   **not** excluded — it contains substantive content about related topics.
+   non-article namespaces (namespace !== 0). `wgNamespaceNumber` is authoritative:
+   URL parsing only recognizes MediaWiki's canonical (English) namespace names, which
+   every language edition accepts, not localized ones such as German `Diskussion:`.
+4. Content root: `#mw-content-text .mw-parser-output`. Excluded sections and
+   non-article elements are pruned before text extraction, by one predicate shared
+   with the API (`shared/src/wikipedia-canonicalization.ts`):
+   - Non-article elements are recognized by markup every wiki emits, whatever its
+     language: citation superscripts, reference lists, edit links, navboxes; anything
+     with `role="navigation"` (navboxes, series sidebars, "main article" links); the
+     `navigation-not-searchable` class (what Wikimedia search leaves out: hatnotes,
+     navboxes, authority control); the `metadata` class (maintenance and quality
+     banners, sister-project boxes, person-data tables); plus a few per-wiki boxes those
+     conventions miss (fr.wikipedia's portal bar, nl.wikipedia's appendix and
+     sister-project boxes). Inline styles are never read: Wikipedia's scripts and reader
+     interaction change them on the live page, so they cannot agree with the Parse API.
+   - Excluded sections are the appendices listing citations, sources and outbound links
+     (English: References, Notes, Further reading, External links, Bibliography, Sources,
+     Citations), matched by title in English and in the equivalent titles of the largest
+     wikis (de, fr, es, it, pt, nl, pl, ru, ja, zh). An excluded section is its heading and
+     the heading's following siblings up to the next sibling heading of the same or a
+     higher level (subsections go with it), which holds both for the flat Parse API
+     output and for read views that nest each section in a `<section>` element.
+     "See also" and its equivalents are intentionally **not** excluded — they contain
+     substantive content about related topics.
 5. Server-side canonical fetch uses the MediaWiki `action=parse` API pinned to
    the observed `revisionId`, ensuring content verification matches exactly the
    revision the user saw.
 6. Wikipedia articles have no single author; no `Author` row is linked.
 
-**Media behavior:** Same rules as other platforms — extract image URLs and
-occurrences from the article body; any `has_video` article is skipped.
+**Media behavior:** Same rules as other platforms — extract image occurrences from the
+article body; any `has_video` article is skipped. Video is detected on the live content
+root, not through the text exclusions: Wikipedia's player script wraps `<video>` in
+`.mw-tmh-player`, which text extraction excludes as UI. Elements Wikipedia's own scripts
+add to the article (collapsible toggles, the player, fr.wikipedia's `cachelinks` archive
+links) are excluded so client text matches the Parse API's.
 
 ## 3.13 Extension Manifest (v3)
 
 The canonical manifest is `extension/src/manifest.json`. This section documents
 the design decisions rather than duplicating the file.
 
-**Required permissions:** `activeTab`, `storage`, `scripting`, `webNavigation`, `alarms`.
+**Required permissions:** `storage`, `scripting`, `webNavigation`, `alarms`.
 
-**Host permissions:** Broad (`https://*/*`, `http://*/*`). Required because
+**Host permissions:** Broad HTTPS (`https://*/*`). Required because
 custom-domain Substack publishers use arbitrary hostnames that cannot be
-pre-enumerated (see §3.11). Runtime checks restrict actual injection to
-recognized platforms.
+pre-enumerated (see §3.11); Substack serves custom domains over HTTPS only.
+Runtime checks restrict actual injection to recognized platforms.
+`http://*/*` is an optional host permission, requested by the options page
+only for a self-hosted API at a local/private-network HTTP address.
+
+**Firefox:** minimum version 128 — Firefox grants MV3 host permissions at
+install only from 127 on, and `storage.session` needs 115.
 
 **Content script injection strategy:**
 
-| Platform   | Injection        | Match patterns                                                     |
-| ---------- | ---------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------ |
-| LessWrong  | Declarative      | `lesswrong.com/*`                                                  |
-| X          | Declarative      | `x.com/*`, `twitter.com/*`                                        |
-| Substack   | Declarative + dynamic | `*.substack.com/p/*` (declarative); custom domains via `chrome.scripting` after fingerprint check |
-| Wikipedia  | Declarative      | `*.wikipedia.org/wiki/*`, `*.wikipedia.org/w/index.php*`          |
+| Platform  | Injection             | Match patterns                                                                                    |
+| --------- | --------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
+| LessWrong | Declarative           | `lesswrong.com/*`                                                                                 |
+| X         | Declarative           | `x.com/*`, `twitter.com/*`                                                                        |
+| Substack  | Declarative + dynamic | `*.substack.com/p/*` (declarative); custom domains via `chrome.scripting` after fingerprint check |
+| Wikipedia | Declarative           | `*.wikipedia.org/wiki/*`, `*.wikipedia.org/w/index.php*`                                          |
 
 All declarative entries inject the same content script and annotation CSS at
-`document_idle`. Dynamic injection (Substack custom domains) uses the same
-assets via `chrome.scripting.executeScript` / `chrome.scripting.insertCSS`.
+`document_idle`. Dynamic injection uses the same assets via
+`chrome.scripting.executeScript` / `chrome.scripting.insertCSS`: for
+custom-domain Substack pages at `DOMContentLoaded`, and for any post page that
+lacks a live content script (tabs open before install/update, SPA navigations
+into post paths the declarative patterns did not match) on tab activation,
+History API navigation and service-worker start.
 
 **Background:** Module service worker (Chrome MV3); IIFE fallback for Firefox.
 
@@ -1891,16 +2218,21 @@ assets via `chrome.scripting.executeScript` / `chrome.scripting.insertCSS`.
 ```
 openerrata/
 ├── src/
+│   ├── aws/ci-iam/setup.sh            # IAM role hosted deploys assume via GitHub OIDC
+│   ├── kubernetes/ci-rbac/            # RBAC for that role's Kubernetes group
 │   ├── helm/
 │   │   └── openerrata/                # Helm chart — single source of truth for deployment
 │   │       ├── Chart.yaml
 │   │       ├── values.yaml            # Defaults for on-prem; Pulumi overrides for hosted
 │   │       └── templates/
 │   │           ├── _helpers.tpl
-│   │           ├── api-deployment.yaml
-│   │           ├── api-service.yaml
+│   │           ├── api-deployment.yaml / api-service.yaml / api-ingress.yaml
 │   │           ├── worker-deployment.yaml
 │   │           ├── selector-cronjob.yaml
+│   │           ├── migration-job.yaml # prisma migrate deploy; workloads wait for it
+│   │           ├── frontend-*.yaml    # Public website (optional)
+│   │           ├── network-policies.yaml
+│   │           ├── serviceaccounts.yaml
 │   │           ├── configmap.yaml
 │   │           └── secrets.yaml       # DATABASE_URL, OPENAI_API_KEY, etc.
 │   │
@@ -1978,6 +2310,7 @@ openerrata/
 │       │   │   │   │       │   │   ├── content-preparation.ts
 │       │   │   │   │       │   │   ├── blobs.ts
 │       │   │   │   │       │   │   ├── occurrences.ts
+│       │   │   │   │       │   │   ├── observed-url.ts
 │       │   │   │   │       │   │   ├── post-upsert.ts
 │       │   │   │   │       │   │   ├── post-version.ts
 │       │   │   │   │       │   │   ├── metadata.ts
@@ -1985,28 +2318,32 @@ openerrata/
 │       │   │   │   │       │   │   └── shared.ts
 │       │   │   │   │       │   ├── investigation-queries.ts
 │       │   │   │   │       │   └── wikipedia.ts
-│       │   │   │   │       └── public.ts       # Legacy public tRPC router
 │       │   │   │   ├── investigators/
-│       │   │   │   │   ├── interface.ts
+│       │   │   │   │   ├── interface.ts               # Investigator contract + attempt audit types
+│       │   │   │   │   ├── errors.ts                  # Investigator error classes
 │       │   │   │   │   ├── prompt.ts                  # System prompts (fresh, update, validation)
-│       │   │   │   │   ├── openai.ts                  # v1 OpenAI Responses investigator
-│       │   │   │   │   ├── openai-schemas.ts          # Provider-facing Zod schemas
+│       │   │   │   │   ├── openai.ts                  # v1 OpenAI Responses investigator + factory
+│       │   │   │   │   ├── openai-request-config.ts   # The model (gpt-6.1-sol) and every request shape
+│       │   │   │   │   ├── openai-probe.ts            # Request-shape probe (startup, key validation)
+│       │   │   │   │   ├── openai-claim-tools.ts      # submit_correction/retain_correction schemas
+│       │   │   │   │   ├── openai-tool-loop.ts        # Stage 1 fact-check rounds
+│       │   │   │   │   ├── openai-tool-dispatch.ts    # Function-call routing and research tools
 │       │   │   │   │   ├── openai-input-builder.ts    # Multimodal request input builder
-│       │   │   │   │   ├── openai-response-audit.ts   # Response → audit struct parsing
-│       │   │   │   │   ├── openai-tool-dispatch.ts    # submit_correction/retain_correction tools
-│       │   │   │   │   ├── openai-claim-validator.ts  # Stage 2 per-claim validation
-│       │   │   │   │   └── openai-errors.ts
+│       │   │   │   │   ├── openai-response-audit.ts   # Request/response → audit records
+│       │   │   │   │   └── openai-claim-validator.ts  # Stage 2 per-claim validation
 │       │   │   │   ├── services/
 │       │   │   │   │   ├── orchestrator.ts            # Main investigation orchestrator
 │       │   │   │   │   ├── orchestrator-errors.ts     # Error classification
-│       │   │   │   │   ├── investigation-lease.ts      # Atomic lease claim/release + heartbeat
-│       │   │   │   │   ├── prompt-context.ts          # Post metadata extraction for prompts
+│       │   │   │   │   ├── investigation-lease.ts      # Lease claim, heartbeat, expired-lease recovery
 │       │   │   │   │   ├── attempt-audit.ts           # Audit record persistence
 │       │   │   │   │   ├── markdown-resolution.ts     # Trust-policy-based markdown resolution
-│       │   │   │   │   ├── investigation-lifecycle.ts # Status transitions + lease recovery
-│       │   │   │   │   ├── selector.ts                # Investigation selection cron
+│       │   │   │   │   ├── investigation-admission.ts # Creating/funding investigations with an origin
+│       │   │   │   │   ├── investigation-input.ts     # Immutable InvestigationInput snapshot
+│       │   │   │   │   ├── investigate-now.ts         # investigateNow state handling
+│       │   │   │   │   ├── update-lineage.ts          # Update-investigation parent + diff
+│       │   │   │   │   ├── user-key-source.ts         # Verified, encrypted user OpenAI keys
+│       │   │   │   │   ├── selector.ts                # Investigation selection cron (daily budget)
 │       │   │   │   │   ├── queue.ts                   # graphile-worker integration
-│       │   │   │   │   ├── queue-lifecycle.ts
 │       │   │   │   │   ├── content-fetcher.ts         # Server-side HTML fetch + parse5 extraction
 │       │   │   │   │   ├── canonical-resolution.ts    # Server-verified vs client-fallback
 │       │   │   │   │   ├── html-to-markdown.ts        # Turndown-based HTML → Markdown
@@ -2017,7 +2354,8 @@ openerrata/
 │       │   │   │   ├── graphql/
 │       │   │   │   │   └── public-schema.ts
 │       │   │   │   ├── network/
-│       │   │   │   │   ├── host-safety.ts             # SSRF protection
+│       │   │   │   │   ├── host-safety.ts             # Public-unicast address classification
+│       │   │   │   │   ├── public-http-fetch.ts       # SSRF-safe fetch (connection-level DNS check)
 │       │   │   │   │   └── ip.ts
 │       │   │   │   └── db/
 │       │   │   │       └── client.ts
@@ -2036,7 +2374,7 @@ openerrata/
 │       │   │   ├── enums.ts           # Platform, CheckStatus, ContentProvenance, etc.
 │       │   │   ├── types.ts           # InvestigationResult, PlatformContent, etc.
 │       │   │   ├── constants.ts       # WORD_COUNT_LIMIT, POLL_INTERVAL_MS, etc.
-│       │   │   ├── normalize.ts       # normalizeContent(), CONTENT_BLOCK_SEPARATOR_TAGS
+│       │   │   ├── normalize.ts       # normalizeContent(), WORD_SEPARATOR_TAGS
 │       │   │   ├── schemas.ts         # Barrel re-export for schemas/
 │       │   │   ├── schemas/
 │       │   │   │   ├── common.ts              # Branded IDs, platform metadata schemas
@@ -2054,6 +2392,18 @@ openerrata/
 │       │   ├── tsconfig.json
 │       │   └── package.json
 │       │
+│       ├── frontend/                  # Public website (SvelteKit, adapter-node)
+│       │   ├── src/
+│       │   │   ├── lib/
+│       │   │   │   ├── public-queries.ts      # GraphQL documents + shared response schemas
+│       │   │   │   ├── server/public-api*.ts  # GraphQL client; API errors → 502 page
+│       │   │   │   └── claim-markdown.ts      # Reasoning markdown (no HTML, no images)
+│       │   │   ├── routes/            # /, /corrections, /corrections/[id], /health, +error
+│       │   │   └── hooks.server.ts    # Startup check of API_BASE_URL
+│       │   ├── svelte.config.js       # Content Security Policy
+│       │   ├── Dockerfile
+│       │   └── package.json
+│       │
 │       ├── pulumi/                    # Official hosted infra — deploys helm/openerrata
 │       │   ├── index.ts               # Uses @pulumi/kubernetes.helm.v3.Chart
 │       │   ├── tsconfig.json
@@ -2068,14 +2418,25 @@ openerrata/
 ```
 
 The chart does not bundle a database — it takes a `DATABASE_URL` as config (via `secrets.yaml`),
-pointing at Supabase for the official hosted deployment or any Postgres-compatible database for
-on-prem. On-prem operators deploy with `helm install openerrata ./src/helm/openerrata` and override
-`values.yaml` for their environment. The official hosted deployment uses Pulumi's
-`@pulumi/kubernetes` Helm provider to deploy the same chart with hosted-specific overrides
-(Supabase connection string, domain, TLS, autoscaling). This guarantees that on-prem and hosted
-deployments use identical workload definitions — no drift between two separate deployment
+pointing at any Postgres database. On-prem operators deploy with
+`helm install openerrata ./src/helm/openerrata` and override `values.yaml` for their environment.
+The official hosted deployment uses Pulumi's `@pulumi/kubernetes` Helm provider to deploy the same
+chart with hosted-specific overrides (image, hostnames, Cloudflare DNS, and either a supplied
+database URL or a Pulumi-managed RDS instance and S3 bucket). This guarantees that on-prem and
+hosted deployments use identical workload definitions — no drift between two separate deployment
 manifests.
 
+Hosted deploys run in GitHub Actions without long-lived credentials: the job's OIDC token joins
+the tailnet (the cluster's API endpoint is private) and assumes an IAM role scoped to the resources
+Pulumi manages, which EKS maps to a Kubernetes group allowed into the two OpenErrata namespaces
+only. The managed database accepts connections only from the cluster's VPC, and blob storage is
+private (images reach the model inline, never by public URL).
+
+Migrations: Helm runs the migrate Job as a hook (after the first install, before upgrades), while
+Pulumi's Helm support ignores hooks and creates it alongside the workloads. In both cases every
+database-using pod has a `wait-for-migrations` init container that blocks until all migrations in
+its image are applied, so new code never starts on an older schema.
+
 Each sub-project's `tsconfig.json` extends the shared base:
 
 ```jsonc
diff --git a/docker-compose.yml b/docker-compose.yml
index bd23ad4..b570110 100644
--- a/docker-compose.yml
+++ b/docker-compose.yml
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 services:
   postgres:
-    image: postgres:16
+    # Same major version as CI.
+    image: postgres:17
     environment:
       POSTGRES_USER: openerrata
       POSTGRES_PASSWORD: openerrata_dev
@@ -8,34 +9,31 @@ services:
     ports:
       - "5433:5432"
     volumes:
-      - pgdata:/var/lib/postgresql/data
+      # Postgres 17 cannot open the Postgres 16 data directory of the old
+      # `pgdata` volume; this one starts empty (re-run `pnpm db:migrate`).
+      - pgdata-17:/var/lib/postgresql/data
 
-  minio:
-    image: minio/minio:latest
-    command: server /data --console-address ":9001"
+  # S3-compatible blob storage (Versity S3 Gateway) for the API's image
+  # uploads. Its posix backend serves each top-level directory of /data as a
+  # bucket, so creating the directory creates the bucket api/.env names.
+  blob-storage:
+    image: versity/versitygw:v1.8.0@sha256:30292fc2eeacc67a36993b01f7a7a5e3361a19cced0e80c1d71cfa2a4b0a2499
+    entrypoint:
+      - /bin/sh
+      - -c
+      - mkdir -p /data/openerrata-images && exec versitygw posix /data
     environment:
-      MINIO_ROOT_USER: openerrata_minio
-      MINIO_ROOT_PASSWORD: openerrata_minio_secret
+      ROOT_ACCESS_KEY_ID: openerrata_blob
+      ROOT_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY: openerrata_blob_secret
+      VGW_REGION: us-east-1
     ports:
-      - "9000:9000"
-      - "9001:9001"
+      - "7070:7070"
     volumes:
-      - minio-data:/data
-
-  minio-init:
-    image: minio/mc:latest
-    depends_on:
-      - minio
-    restart: "no"
-    entrypoint: >
-      /bin/sh -c "
-      until mc alias set local http://minio:9000 openerrata_minio openerrata_minio_secret >/dev/null 2>&1; do
-        sleep 1;
-      done;
-      mc mb --ignore-existing local/openerrata-images;
-      mc anonymous set download local/openerrata-images;
-      "
+      # Replaces MinIO, whose images are no longer anonymously pullable.
+      # Nothing reads stored images back, so the old `minio-data` volume can
+      # be deleted rather than migrated.
+      - blob-storage-data:/data
 
 volumes:
-  pgdata:
-  minio-data:
+  pgdata-17:
+  blob-storage-data:
diff --git a/src/aws/ci-iam/setup.sh b/src/aws/ci-iam/setup.sh
index 7f700a5..a02f322 100755
--- a/src/aws/ci-iam/setup.sh
+++ b/src/aws/ci-iam/setup.sh
@@ -1,39 +1,61 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env bash
 #
-# Bootstrap the openerrata-ci IAM user for CI/CD Pulumi deployments.
+# Bootstrap the IAM role the GitHub Actions deploy job assumes through GitHub
+# OIDC, and the role's access to the cunningham EKS cluster.
 #
-# Run this ONCE with an AWS session that has IAM and STS permissions (e.g.
-# an admin or root account).  It:
+# Run this with an AWS session that has IAM and EKS admin permissions in the
+# account that hosts cunningham.  It is idempotent: rerun it after changing
+# the policy below.  It:
 #
-#   1. Verifies the AWS CLI is available and reads the account ID
-#   2. Creates the openerrata-ci IAM user (skip if exists)
+#   1. Verifies the AWS CLI, the account, the existing GitHub OIDC provider
+#      and the cluster's authentication mode
+#   2. Creates or updates the role openerrata-github-actions-deploy, which
+#      only GitHub OIDC tokens of this repository's `main` and `staging`
+#      deployment environments may assume
 #   3. Creates or updates a customer managed policy scoped to the resources
-#      Pulumi manages (S3 buckets, RDS instances, EC2 security groups,
-#      IAM users for blob-storage writers) and attaches it
-#   4. Creates an access key (skip if one already exists)
-#   5. Prints credentials as JSON to stdout
+#      Pulumi manages (S3 buckets, RDS instances, EC2 security groups, IAM
+#      users for blob-storage writers) plus eks:DescribeCluster on cunningham,
+#      attaches it, and fails if the role holds any other policy
+#   4. Creates or updates the role's EKS access entry: Kubernetes group
+#      openerrata-ci (bound by src/kubernetes/ci-rbac/rbac.yaml) and no EKS
+#      access policies, so the group's RBAC is all the role may do in-cluster
+#   5. Prints, without running them, the commands that delete the retired
+#      openerrata-ci IAM user and its policy, then the role ARN to stdout
 #
-# The policy is derived from every `new aws.*` resource in
-# src/typescript/pulumi/index.ts.  The CI user has NO access to Lambda,
-# ECS, EKS, DynamoDB, SQS, SNS, CloudFormation, Route53, CloudFront, or
-# any non-openerrata S3/RDS/IAM resources.
+# The policy is derived from every `new aws.*` resource and `aws.*` data
+# source in src/typescript/pulumi/index.ts.  Security-group mutations are
+# limited to groups tagged managedBy=pulumi, which Pulumi's groups carry.
+# The role has NO access to Lambda, ECS, DynamoDB, SQS, SNS, CloudFormation,
+# Route53, CloudFront, any non-openerrata S3/RDS/IAM resource, or any EKS
+# API beyond describing cunningham.
 #
 # Usage:
-#   ./setup.sh                        # prints credentials JSON to stdout
-#   ./setup.sh > ci-credentials.json  # save to file
+#   ./setup.sh                                  # prints the role ARN to stdout
+#   ROLE_ARN="$(./setup.sh)" && gh variable set AWS_DEPLOY_ROLE_ARN --repo ZeroPathAI/OpenErrata --body "$ROLE_ARN"
 #
 # Prerequisites:
 #   - AWS CLI v2 installed and configured
-#   - python3 available on PATH
-#   - An active AWS session with IAM admin permissions
-#
-# The output JSON contains AccessKeyId and SecretAccessKey.  Set these as
-# the AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID and AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY GitHub Actions secrets.
+#   - An active AWS session with IAM and EKS admin permissions
+#   - The IAM OIDC provider token.actions.githubusercontent.com (shared with
+#     other repositories' deploy roles; this script does not create it)
 
 set -euo pipefail
 
-IAM_USER="openerrata-ci"
-POLICY_NAME="openerrata-ci-pulumi-deploy"
+GITHUB_REPOSITORY="ZeroPathAI/OpenErrata"
+# The deploy job's `environment:`; GitHub puts it in the OIDC token's `sub`.
+DEPLOY_ENVIRONMENTS=("main" "staging")
+ROLE_NAME="openerrata-github-actions-deploy"
+POLICY_NAME="openerrata-github-actions-deploy"
+# Must match DEPLOY_EKS_CLUSTER and DEPLOY_AWS_REGION in .github/workflows/deploy.yml.
+EKS_CLUSTER="cunningham"
+EKS_REGION="us-west-2"
+# Must match the RBAC subjects in src/kubernetes/ci-rbac/rbac.yaml.
+KUBERNETES_GROUP="openerrata-ci"
+OIDC_PROVIDER_HOST="token.actions.githubusercontent.com"
+OIDC_AUDIENCE="sts.amazonaws.com"
+# The static-key credentials this role replaces.
+RETIRED_IAM_USER="openerrata-ci"
+RETIRED_POLICY_NAME="openerrata-ci-pulumi-deploy"
 
 # ── 1. Prerequisites ──────────────────────────────────────────────────
 
@@ -42,32 +64,89 @@ if ! command -v aws &>/dev/null; then
   exit 1
 fi
 
-if ! command -v python3 &>/dev/null; then
-  echo "ERROR: python3 not found. Install Python 3 and retry." >&2
+if [[ "$(aws --version 2>&1)" != aws-cli/2.* ]]; then
+  echo "ERROR: AWS CLI v2 is required (EKS access entries are not in v1). Found: $(aws --version 2>&1)" >&2
   exit 1
 fi
 
 echo "Verifying AWS credentials ..." >&2
-CALLER_IDENTITY="$(aws sts get-caller-identity --output json)"
-ACCOUNT_ID="$(echo "$CALLER_IDENTITY" | python3 -c "import sys,json; print(json.load(sys.stdin)['Account'])")"
+ACCOUNT_ID="$(aws sts get-caller-identity --query Account --output text)"
 echo "Account ID: ${ACCOUNT_ID}" >&2
 
+OIDC_PROVIDER_ARN="arn:aws:iam::${ACCOUNT_ID}:oidc-provider/${OIDC_PROVIDER_HOST}"
 POLICY_ARN="arn:aws:iam::${ACCOUNT_ID}:policy/${POLICY_NAME}"
 
-# ── 2. Create IAM user ────────────────────────────────────────────────
+echo "Checking GitHub OIDC provider ..." >&2
+if ! OIDC_CLIENT_IDS="$(aws iam get-open-id-connect-provider \
+    --open-id-connect-provider-arn "$OIDC_PROVIDER_ARN" \
+    --query 'ClientIDList' --output text)"; then
+  echo "ERROR: IAM OIDC provider ${OIDC_PROVIDER_ARN} not found. It is shared account infrastructure; create it before running this script." >&2
+  exit 1
+fi
+if ! grep -qw -- "$OIDC_AUDIENCE" <<<"$OIDC_CLIENT_IDS"; then
+  echo "ERROR: OIDC provider ${OIDC_PROVIDER_ARN} does not list audience ${OIDC_AUDIENCE} (has: ${OIDC_CLIENT_IDS})." >&2
+  exit 1
+fi
+
+echo "Checking EKS cluster ${EKS_CLUSTER} ..." >&2
+CLUSTER_INFO="$(aws eks describe-cluster \
+  --name "$EKS_CLUSTER" --region "$EKS_REGION" \
+  --query '[cluster.arn, cluster.accessConfig.authenticationMode]' --output text)"
+read -r CLUSTER_ARN CLUSTER_AUTH_MODE <<<"$CLUSTER_INFO"
+case "$CLUSTER_AUTH_MODE" in
+  API|API_AND_CONFIG_MAP) ;;
+  *)
+    echo "ERROR: cluster ${EKS_CLUSTER} authentication mode is ${CLUSTER_AUTH_MODE}; EKS access entries need API or API_AND_CONFIG_MAP." >&2
+    exit 1
+    ;;
+esac
+
+# ── 2. Create or update the role ──────────────────────────────────────
+
+SUBJECTS_JSON=""
+for deploy_environment in "${DEPLOY_ENVIRONMENTS[@]}"; do
+  SUBJECTS_JSON+="${SUBJECTS_JSON:+, }\"repo:${GITHUB_REPOSITORY}:environment:${deploy_environment}\""
+done
+
+TRUST_POLICY="$(cat <<EOF
+{
+  "Version": "2012-10-17",
+  "Statement": [
+    {
+      "Sid": "GitHubActionsDeployEnvironments",
+      "Effect": "Allow",
+      "Principal": { "Federated": "${OIDC_PROVIDER_ARN}" },
+      "Action": "sts:AssumeRoleWithWebIdentity",
+      "Condition": {
+        "StringEquals": {
+          "${OIDC_PROVIDER_HOST}:aud": "${OIDC_AUDIENCE}",
+          "${OIDC_PROVIDER_HOST}:sub": [${SUBJECTS_JSON}]
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  ]
+}
+EOF
+)"
 
-if aws iam get-user --user-name "$IAM_USER" &>/dev/null; then
-  echo "IAM user ${IAM_USER} already exists." >&2
+if aws iam get-role --role-name "$ROLE_NAME" &>/dev/null; then
+  echo "Updating trust policy of role ${ROLE_NAME} ..." >&2
+  aws iam update-assume-role-policy \
+    --role-name "$ROLE_NAME" \
+    --policy-document "$TRUST_POLICY"
 else
-  echo "Creating IAM user ${IAM_USER} ..." >&2
-  aws iam create-user \
-    --user-name "$IAM_USER" \
-    --tags \
-      Key=managedBy,Value=bootstrap \
-      Key=purpose,Value=ci-deploy
+  echo "Creating role ${ROLE_NAME} ..." >&2
+  aws iam create-role \
+    --role-name "$ROLE_NAME" \
+    --assume-role-policy-document "$TRUST_POLICY" \
+    --description "GitHub Actions deploys of ${GITHUB_REPOSITORY} (environments: ${DEPLOY_ENVIRONMENTS[*]})" \
+    --tags Key=managedBy,Value=bootstrap Key=purpose,Value=ci-deploy > /dev/null
+  aws iam wait role-exists --role-name "$ROLE_NAME"
 fi
 
-# ── 3. Create or update managed policy and attach ────────────────────
+ROLE_ARN="$(aws iam get-role --role-name "$ROLE_NAME" --query 'Role.Arn' --output text)"
+
+# ── 3. Create or update the managed policy and attach it ──────────────
 
 # Uses a managed policy (6144-byte limit) instead of an inline policy
 # (2048-byte limit) to accommodate the full set of resource ARNs that
@@ -75,7 +154,7 @@ fi
 
 echo "Preparing managed policy ${POLICY_NAME} ..." >&2
 
-# The policy document uses $ACCOUNT_ID from the shell.
+# The policy document uses $ACCOUNT_ID and $CLUSTER_ARN from the shell.
 POLICY_DOCUMENT="$(cat <<EOF
 {
   "Version": "2012-10-17",
@@ -86,6 +165,12 @@ POLICY_DOCUMENT="$(cat <<EOF
       "Action": "sts:GetCallerIdentity",
       "Resource": "*"
     },
+    {
+      "Sid": "EksDescribeDeployCluster",
+      "Effect": "Allow",
+      "Action": "eks:DescribeCluster",
+      "Resource": "${CLUSTER_ARN}"
+    },
     {
       "Sid": "S3ManagedBuckets",
       "Effect": "Allow",
@@ -111,6 +196,7 @@ POLICY_DOCUMENT="$(cat <<EOF
         "iam:ListUserPolicies",
         "iam:CreateAccessKey",
         "iam:DeleteAccessKey",
+        "iam:UpdateAccessKey",
         "iam:ListAccessKeys"
       ],
       "Resource": "arn:aws:iam::${ACCOUNT_ID}:user/blob-storage-writer-*"
@@ -121,6 +207,7 @@ POLICY_DOCUMENT="$(cat <<EOF
       "Action": [
         "ec2:DescribeVpcs",
         "ec2:DescribeVpcAttribute",
+        "ec2:DescribeRouteTables",
         "ec2:DescribeSubnets",
         "ec2:DescribeSecurityGroups",
         "ec2:DescribeNetworkInterfaces",
@@ -200,32 +287,16 @@ POLICY_DOCUMENT="$(cat <<EOF
 EOF
 )"
 
-# Remove the old inline policy if it exists (migration from inline to managed).
-if aws iam get-user-policy --user-name "$IAM_USER" --policy-name "$POLICY_NAME" &>/dev/null; then
-  echo "Removing legacy inline policy ..." >&2
-  aws iam delete-user-policy --user-name "$IAM_USER" --policy-name "$POLICY_NAME"
-fi
-
-# Create or update the managed policy.
 if aws iam get-policy --policy-arn "$POLICY_ARN" &>/dev/null; then
   echo "Updating existing managed policy ..." >&2
 
   # Managed policies have a 5-version limit.  Delete the oldest non-default
   # version before creating a new one to stay under the cap.
-  OLD_VERSIONS="$(aws iam list-policy-versions --policy-arn "$POLICY_ARN" --output json \
-    | python3 -c "
-import sys, json
-versions = json.load(sys.stdin)['Versions']
-non_default = [v['VersionId'] for v in versions if not v['IsDefaultVersion']]
-non_default.sort()
-print('\n'.join(non_default))
-")"
-
-  VERSION_COUNT="$(aws iam list-policy-versions --policy-arn "$POLICY_ARN" --output json \
-    | python3 -c "import sys, json; print(len(json.load(sys.stdin)['Versions']))")"
-
-  if [ "$VERSION_COUNT" -ge 5 ] && [ -n "$OLD_VERSIONS" ]; then
-    OLDEST="$(echo "$OLD_VERSIONS" | head -1)"
+  VERSION_COUNT="$(aws iam list-policy-versions --policy-arn "$POLICY_ARN" \
+    --query 'length(Versions)' --output text)"
+  if [ "$VERSION_COUNT" -ge 5 ]; then
+    OLDEST="$(aws iam list-policy-versions --policy-arn "$POLICY_ARN" \
+      --query 'sort_by(Versions[?IsDefaultVersion==`false`], &CreateDate)[0].VersionId' --output text)"
     echo "Deleting oldest policy version ${OLDEST} to make room ..." >&2
     aws iam delete-policy-version --policy-arn "$POLICY_ARN" --version-id "$OLDEST"
   fi
@@ -243,53 +314,111 @@ else
     --tags Key=managedBy,Value=bootstrap Key=purpose,Value=ci-deploy > /dev/null
 fi
 
-# Ensure the policy is attached to the user.
-if ! aws iam list-attached-user-policies --user-name "$IAM_USER" --output json \
-    | python3 -c "
-import sys, json
-policies = json.load(sys.stdin)['AttachedPolicies']
-sys.exit(0 if any(p['PolicyArn'] == '$POLICY_ARN' for p in policies) else 1)
-"; then
-  echo "Attaching managed policy to ${IAM_USER} ..." >&2
-  aws iam attach-user-policy --user-name "$IAM_USER" --policy-arn "$POLICY_ARN"
-else
-  echo "Managed policy already attached to ${IAM_USER}." >&2
+# Attaching an already-attached policy is a no-op.
+aws iam attach-role-policy --role-name "$ROLE_NAME" --policy-arn "$POLICY_ARN"
+
+OTHER_ATTACHED_POLICIES="$(aws iam list-attached-role-policies --role-name "$ROLE_NAME" \
+  --query "AttachedPolicies[?PolicyArn!='${POLICY_ARN}'].PolicyArn" --output text)"
+INLINE_POLICIES="$(aws iam list-role-policies --role-name "$ROLE_NAME" \
+  --query 'PolicyNames' --output text)"
+if [ -n "$OTHER_ATTACHED_POLICIES" ] || [ -n "$INLINE_POLICIES" ]; then
+  echo "ERROR: role ${ROLE_NAME} holds permissions beyond ${POLICY_NAME}. Remove them and rerun:" >&2
+  for policy_arn in $OTHER_ATTACHED_POLICIES; do
+    echo "  aws iam detach-role-policy --role-name ${ROLE_NAME} --policy-arn ${policy_arn}" >&2
+  done
+  for policy_name in $INLINE_POLICIES; do
+    echo "  aws iam delete-role-policy --role-name ${ROLE_NAME} --policy-name ${policy_name}" >&2
+  done
+  exit 1
 fi
 
-echo "Policy ${POLICY_NAME} ready." >&2
+echo "Policy ${POLICY_NAME} attached to ${ROLE_NAME}." >&2
 
-# ── 4. Create access key ──────────────────────────────────────────────
+# ── 4. Create or update the EKS access entry ──────────────────────────
 
-EXISTING_KEYS="$(aws iam list-access-keys --user-name "$IAM_USER" --output json)"
-KEY_COUNT="$(echo "$EXISTING_KEYS" | python3 -c "import sys,json; print(len(json.load(sys.stdin)['AccessKeyMetadata']))")"
+if aws eks describe-access-entry \
+    --cluster-name "$EKS_CLUSTER" --region "$EKS_REGION" \
+    --principal-arn "$ROLE_ARN" &>/dev/null; then
+  echo "Updating EKS access entry on ${EKS_CLUSTER} ..." >&2
+  aws eks update-access-entry \
+    --cluster-name "$EKS_CLUSTER" --region "$EKS_REGION" \
+    --principal-arn "$ROLE_ARN" \
+    --kubernetes-groups "$KUBERNETES_GROUP" > /dev/null
+else
+  echo "Creating EKS access entry on ${EKS_CLUSTER} ..." >&2
+  # EKS rejects a just-created role as "invalid principal" until IAM's
+  # eventual consistency catches up (observed: seconds), so retry that error.
+  for attempt in $(seq 1 12); do
+    if CREATE_OUTPUT="$(aws eks create-access-entry \
+        --cluster-name "$EKS_CLUSTER" --region "$EKS_REGION" \
+        --principal-arn "$ROLE_ARN" \
+        --type STANDARD \
+        --kubernetes-groups "$KUBERNETES_GROUP" 2>&1 >/dev/null)"; then
+      break
+    fi
+    if [[ "$CREATE_OUTPUT" != *"invalid principal"* ]] || [ "$attempt" -eq 12 ]; then
+      echo "$CREATE_OUTPUT" >&2
+      exit 1
+    fi
+    echo "Role not yet visible to EKS; retrying in 5s (attempt ${attempt}/12) ..." >&2
+    sleep 5
+  done
+fi
 
-if [ "$KEY_COUNT" -gt "0" ]; then
-  echo "" >&2
-  echo "Access key(s) already exist for ${IAM_USER} (${KEY_COUNT} key(s))." >&2
-  echo "The secret access key is only available at creation time." >&2
-  echo "" >&2
-  echo "To rotate:" >&2
-  echo "  1. aws iam delete-access-key --user-name ${IAM_USER} --access-key-id <OLD_KEY_ID>" >&2
-  echo "  2. Re-run this script" >&2
-  echo "  3. Update the GitHub Actions secrets" >&2
-  exit 0
+ASSOCIATED_ACCESS_POLICIES="$(aws eks list-associated-access-policies \
+  --cluster-name "$EKS_CLUSTER" --region "$EKS_REGION" \
+  --principal-arn "$ROLE_ARN" \
+  --query 'associatedAccessPolicies[].policyArn' --output text)"
+if [ -n "$ASSOCIATED_ACCESS_POLICIES" ]; then
+  echo "ERROR: the EKS access entry of ${ROLE_NAME} has access policies; its only cluster access must be the ${KUBERNETES_GROUP} group's RBAC. Remove them and rerun:" >&2
+  for policy_arn in $ASSOCIATED_ACCESS_POLICIES; do
+    echo "  aws eks disassociate-access-policy --cluster-name ${EKS_CLUSTER} --region ${EKS_REGION} --principal-arn ${ROLE_ARN} --policy-arn ${policy_arn}" >&2
+  done
+  exit 1
 fi
 
-echo "Creating access key ..." >&2
-ACCESS_KEY_JSON="$(aws iam create-access-key --user-name "$IAM_USER" --output json)"
+echo "EKS access entry ready: ${ROLE_NAME} → Kubernetes group ${KUBERNETES_GROUP}." >&2
 
-# ── 5. Emit credentials ───────────────────────────────────────────────
+# ── 5. Retired static-key credentials ─────────────────────────────────
 
-ACCESS_KEY_ID="$(echo "$ACCESS_KEY_JSON" | python3 -c "import sys,json; print(json.load(sys.stdin)['AccessKey']['AccessKeyId'])")"
-SECRET_ACCESS_KEY="$(echo "$ACCESS_KEY_JSON" | python3 -c "import sys,json; print(json.load(sys.stdin)['AccessKey']['SecretAccessKey'])")"
+echo "" >&2
+if aws iam get-user --user-name "$RETIRED_IAM_USER" &>/dev/null; then
+  echo "The retired IAM user ${RETIRED_IAM_USER} still exists. Once a deploy has succeeded with ${ROLE_NAME}, delete it:" >&2
+  for key_id in $(aws iam list-access-keys --user-name "$RETIRED_IAM_USER" \
+      --query 'AccessKeyMetadata[].AccessKeyId' --output text); do
+    echo "  aws iam delete-access-key --user-name ${RETIRED_IAM_USER} --access-key-id ${key_id}" >&2
+  done
+  for policy_arn in $(aws iam list-attached-user-policies --user-name "$RETIRED_IAM_USER" \
+      --query 'AttachedPolicies[].PolicyArn' --output text); do
+    echo "  aws iam detach-user-policy --user-name ${RETIRED_IAM_USER} --policy-arn ${policy_arn}" >&2
+  done
+  for policy_name in $(aws iam list-user-policies --user-name "$RETIRED_IAM_USER" \
+      --query 'PolicyNames' --output text); do
+    echo "  aws iam delete-user-policy --user-name ${RETIRED_IAM_USER} --policy-name ${policy_name}" >&2
+  done
+  for group_name in $(aws iam list-groups-for-user --user-name "$RETIRED_IAM_USER" \
+      --query 'Groups[].GroupName' --output text); do
+    echo "  aws iam remove-user-from-group --user-name ${RETIRED_IAM_USER} --group-name ${group_name}" >&2
+  done
+  if aws iam get-login-profile --user-name "$RETIRED_IAM_USER" &>/dev/null; then
+    echo "  aws iam delete-login-profile --user-name ${RETIRED_IAM_USER}" >&2
+  fi
+  # delete-user names anything else still attached (MFA devices, SSH keys, ...).
+  echo "  aws iam delete-user --user-name ${RETIRED_IAM_USER}" >&2
+else
+  echo "The retired IAM user ${RETIRED_IAM_USER} is already deleted." >&2
+fi
 
-cat <<EOF
-{
-  "AccessKeyId": "${ACCESS_KEY_ID}",
-  "SecretAccessKey": "${SECRET_ACCESS_KEY}"
-}
-EOF
+RETIRED_POLICY_ARN="arn:aws:iam::${ACCOUNT_ID}:policy/${RETIRED_POLICY_NAME}"
+if aws iam get-policy --policy-arn "$RETIRED_POLICY_ARN" &>/dev/null; then
+  echo "The retired managed policy ${RETIRED_POLICY_NAME} still exists. Delete it (after detaching it from every entity):" >&2
+  for version_id in $(aws iam list-policy-versions --policy-arn "$RETIRED_POLICY_ARN" \
+      --query 'Versions[?IsDefaultVersion==`false`].VersionId' --output text); do
+    echo "  aws iam delete-policy-version --policy-arn ${RETIRED_POLICY_ARN} --version-id ${version_id}" >&2
+  done
+  echo "  aws iam delete-policy --policy-arn ${RETIRED_POLICY_ARN}" >&2
+fi
 
 echo "" >&2
-echo "Credentials written to stdout." >&2
-echo "Set AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID and AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY as GitHub Actions secrets." >&2
+echo "Set the role ARN below as the AWS_DEPLOY_ROLE_ARN GitHub Actions variable." >&2
+echo "${ROLE_ARN}"
diff --git a/src/helm/openerrata/Chart.yaml b/src/helm/openerrata/Chart.yaml
index a105c1e..5395ec0 100644
--- a/src/helm/openerrata/Chart.yaml
+++ b/src/helm/openerrata/Chart.yaml
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 apiVersion: v2
 name: openerrata
 description: OpenErrata fact-checking API and background workers
+# No appVersion: the deployed application version is the image tag/digest.
 version: 0.1.0
-appVersion: "0.1.0"
diff --git a/src/helm/openerrata/ci-values.yaml b/src/helm/openerrata/ci-values.yaml
index 3aea230..2ab89cc 100644
--- a/src/helm/openerrata/ci-values.yaml
+++ b/src/helm/openerrata/ci-values.yaml
@@ -1,13 +1,35 @@
+# Values for `helm lint` / `helm template` in CI. Enables the optional
+# templates too so every template is rendered.
+image:
+  tag: ci
+
+frontend:
+  enabled: true
+  apiBaseUrl: https://api.example.test
+  image:
+    tag: ci
+  ingress:
+    enabled: true
+    host: example.test
+
+ingress:
+  enabled: true
+  host: api.example.test
+
+networkPolicy:
+  workerEgress:
+    enabled: true
+    allowedCidrs:
+      - 10.20.0.0/16
+
 config:
   blobStorageProvider: aws
   blobStorageRegion: us-east-1
   blobStorageBucket: openerrata-ci-bucket
-  blobStoragePublicUrlPrefix: https://example.test/openerrata
 
 secrets:
   databaseUrl: postgresql://postgres:postgres@localhost:5432/openerrata
   openaiApiKey: sk-ci-test-openai-key
-  hmacSecret: ci-hmac-secret
   databaseEncryptionKey: ci-database-encryption-key
   blobStorageAccessKeyId: ci-blob-access-key
   blobStorageSecretAccessKey: ci-blob-secret
diff --git a/src/helm/openerrata/templates/_helpers.tpl b/src/helm/openerrata/templates/_helpers.tpl
index faa7a5e..e55cf54 100644
--- a/src/helm/openerrata/templates/_helpers.tpl
+++ b/src/helm/openerrata/templates/_helpers.tpl
@@ -18,7 +18,6 @@
 {{- define "openerrata.labels" -}}
 app.kubernetes.io/name: {{ include "openerrata.name" . }}
 app.kubernetes.io/instance: {{ .Release.Name }}
-app.kubernetes.io/version: {{ .Chart.AppVersion | quote }}
 app.kubernetes.io/managed-by: {{ .Release.Service }}
 {{- end -}}
 
@@ -31,7 +30,7 @@ app.kubernetes.io/instance: {{ .Release.Name }}
 {{- if .Values.image.digest -}}
 {{ printf "%s@%s" .Values.image.repository .Values.image.digest }}
 {{- else -}}
-{{ printf "%s:%s" .Values.image.repository .Values.image.tag }}
+{{ printf "%s:%s" .Values.image.repository (required "image.tag or image.digest is required (e.g. main-latest)" .Values.image.tag) }}
 {{- end -}}
 {{- end -}}
 
@@ -39,10 +38,54 @@ app.kubernetes.io/instance: {{ .Release.Name }}
 {{- if .Values.frontend.image.digest -}}
 {{ printf "%s@%s" .Values.frontend.image.repository .Values.frontend.image.digest }}
 {{- else -}}
-{{ printf "%s:%s" .Values.frontend.image.repository .Values.frontend.image.tag }}
+{{ printf "%s:%s" .Values.frontend.image.repository (required "frontend.image.tag or frontend.image.digest is required (e.g. main-latest)" .Values.frontend.image.tag) }}
 {{- end -}}
 {{- end -}}
 
+{{/*
+Pod-template annotations that change whenever the rendered config or secret
+changes, so `envFrom` consumers restart on config-only deploys.
+*/}}
+{{- define "openerrata.configChecksums" -}}
+checksum/config: {{ include (print .Template.BasePath "/configmap.yaml") . | sha256sum }}
+{{- if not .Values.secrets.existingSecretName }}
+checksum/secret: {{ include (print .Template.BasePath "/secrets.yaml") . | sha256sum }}
+{{- end }}
+{{- end -}}
+
+{{- define "openerrata.databaseUrlEnv" -}}
+- name: DATABASE_URL
+  valueFrom:
+    secretKeyRef:
+      name: {{ include "openerrata.secretName" . }}
+      key: DATABASE_URL
+# Prisma CLI update checks are telemetry; never phone home from the cluster.
+- name: CHECKPOINT_DISABLE
+  value: "1"
+{{- end -}}
+
+{{/*
+Init container for every workload that talks to the database. Pulumi deploys
+this chart without Helm hook ordering, so the migrate Job runs alongside the
+rollout; this holds new pods until every migration shipped in the image is
+applied. `prisma migrate status` exits 0 once the database is up to date or
+ahead of the image (e.g. after a rollback) and non-zero while migrations are
+pending or failed.
+*/}}
+{{- define "openerrata.waitForMigrationsInitContainer" -}}
+- name: wait-for-migrations
+  image: {{ include "openerrata.image" . | quote }}
+  imagePullPolicy: {{ .Values.image.pullPolicy }}
+  command:
+    - sh
+    - -c
+    - 'until node node_modules/prisma/build/index.js migrate status; do echo "Waiting for database migrations"; sleep 5; done'
+  env:
+    {{- include "openerrata.databaseUrlEnv" . | nindent 4 }}
+  securityContext:
+    {{- toYaml .Values.containerSecurityContext | nindent 4 }}
+{{- end -}}
+
 {{- define "openerrata.secretName" -}}
 {{- if .Values.secrets.existingSecretName -}}
 {{- .Values.secrets.existingSecretName -}}
diff --git a/src/helm/openerrata/templates/api-deployment.yaml b/src/helm/openerrata/templates/api-deployment.yaml
index 4f84b69..96d5d5d 100644
--- a/src/helm/openerrata/templates/api-deployment.yaml
+++ b/src/helm/openerrata/templates/api-deployment.yaml
@@ -16,9 +16,15 @@ spec:
       labels:
         {{- include "openerrata.selectorLabels" . | nindent 8 }}
         app.kubernetes.io/component: api
+      annotations:
+        {{- include "openerrata.configChecksums" . | nindent 8 }}
     spec:
       serviceAccountName: {{ include "openerrata.serviceAccountName" (dict "root" . "component" "api") }}
       automountServiceAccountToken: false
+      securityContext:
+        {{- toYaml .Values.podSecurityContext | nindent 8 }}
+      initContainers:
+        {{- include "openerrata.waitForMigrationsInitContainer" . | nindent 8 }}
       containers:
         - name: api
           image: {{ include "openerrata.image" . | quote }}
@@ -32,6 +38,10 @@ spec:
                 name: {{ include "openerrata.secretName" . }}
             - configMapRef:
                 name: {{ include "openerrata.fullname" . }}
+          securityContext:
+            {{- toYaml .Values.containerSecurityContext | nindent 12 }}
+          resources:
+            {{- toYaml .Values.resources.api | nindent 12 }}
           livenessProbe:
             httpGet:
               path: /health
diff --git a/src/helm/openerrata/templates/configmap.yaml b/src/helm/openerrata/templates/configmap.yaml
index f1bd5a2..41fce5d 100644
--- a/src/helm/openerrata/templates/configmap.yaml
+++ b/src/helm/openerrata/templates/configmap.yaml
@@ -7,11 +7,13 @@ metadata:
 data:
   IP_RANGE_CREDIT_CAP: {{ .Values.config.ipRangeCreditCap | quote }}
   WORKER_CONCURRENCY: {{ .Values.config.workerConcurrency | quote }}
-  SELECTOR_BUDGET: {{ .Values.selector.budget | quote }}
+  OPENAI_MAX_RESPONSE_TOOL_ROUNDS: {{ .Values.config.openaiMaxResponseToolRounds | quote }}
+  SELECTOR_DAILY_BUDGET: {{ required "selector.dailyBudget is required" .Values.selector.dailyBudget | quote }}
+  ADDRESS_HEADER: {{ required "config.clientAddressHeader is required" .Values.config.clientAddressHeader | quote }}
+  XFF_DEPTH: {{ required "config.clientAddressXffDepth is required" .Values.config.clientAddressXffDepth | quote }}
   DATABASE_ENCRYPTION_KEY_ID: {{ .Values.config.databaseEncryptionKeyId | quote }}
   BLOB_STORAGE_PROVIDER: {{ required "config.blobStorageProvider is required" .Values.config.blobStorageProvider | quote }}
   BLOB_STORAGE_REGION: {{ required "config.blobStorageRegion is required" .Values.config.blobStorageRegion | quote }}
   BLOB_STORAGE_ENDPOINT: {{ .Values.config.blobStorageEndpoint | quote }}
   BLOB_STORAGE_BUCKET: {{ required "config.blobStorageBucket is required" .Values.config.blobStorageBucket | quote }}
-  BLOB_STORAGE_PUBLIC_URL_PREFIX: {{ required "config.blobStoragePublicUrlPrefix is required" .Values.config.blobStoragePublicUrlPrefix | quote }}
   NODE_ENV: "production"
diff --git a/src/helm/openerrata/templates/frontend-deployment.yaml b/src/helm/openerrata/templates/frontend-deployment.yaml
index b18aa77..155b139 100644
--- a/src/helm/openerrata/templates/frontend-deployment.yaml
+++ b/src/helm/openerrata/templates/frontend-deployment.yaml
@@ -20,6 +20,8 @@ spec:
     spec:
       serviceAccountName: {{ include "openerrata.serviceAccountName" (dict "root" . "component" "frontend") }}
       automountServiceAccountToken: false
+      securityContext:
+        {{- toYaml .Values.podSecurityContext | nindent 8 }}
       containers:
         - name: frontend
           image: {{ include "openerrata.frontendImage" . | quote }}
@@ -31,6 +33,10 @@ spec:
           ports:
             - containerPort: 3000
               protocol: TCP
+          securityContext:
+            {{- toYaml .Values.containerSecurityContext | nindent 12 }}
+          resources:
+            {{- toYaml .Values.resources.frontend | nindent 12 }}
           livenessProbe:
             httpGet:
               path: /health
diff --git a/src/helm/openerrata/templates/migration-job.yaml b/src/helm/openerrata/templates/migration-job.yaml
index cbee34a..fe09d58 100644
--- a/src/helm/openerrata/templates/migration-job.yaml
+++ b/src/helm/openerrata/templates/migration-job.yaml
@@ -1,3 +1,10 @@
+{{/*
+Helm runs this as a hook before every upgrade and after the first install
+(the chart Secret it reads does not exist before then). Pulumi's Helm support
+ignores hooks and creates the Job alongside the workloads; either way the
+workloads' wait-for-migrations init container keeps new pods off an
+unmigrated schema.
+*/}}
 apiVersion: batch/v1
 kind: Job
 metadata:
@@ -22,14 +29,16 @@ spec:
       restartPolicy: Never
       serviceAccountName: {{ include "openerrata.serviceAccountName" (dict "root" . "component" "migrate") }}
       automountServiceAccountToken: false
+      securityContext:
+        {{- toYaml .Values.podSecurityContext | nindent 8 }}
       containers:
         - name: migrate
           image: {{ include "openerrata.image" . | quote }}
           imagePullPolicy: {{ .Values.image.pullPolicy }}
           command: ["node", "node_modules/prisma/build/index.js", "migrate", "deploy"]
           env:
-            - name: DATABASE_URL
-              valueFrom:
-                secretKeyRef:
-                  name: {{ include "openerrata.secretName" . }}
-                  key: DATABASE_URL
+            {{- include "openerrata.databaseUrlEnv" . | nindent 12 }}
+          securityContext:
+            {{- toYaml .Values.containerSecurityContext | nindent 12 }}
+          resources:
+            {{- toYaml .Values.resources.migrate | nindent 12 }}
diff --git a/src/helm/openerrata/templates/network-policies.yaml b/src/helm/openerrata/templates/network-policies.yaml
index b5edbb3..a749d62 100644
--- a/src/helm/openerrata/templates/network-policies.yaml
+++ b/src/helm/openerrata/templates/network-policies.yaml
@@ -49,4 +49,51 @@ spec:
         - protocol: TCP
           port: 3000
 {{- end }}
+{{- if .Values.networkPolicy.workerEgress.enabled }}
+---
+apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1
+kind: NetworkPolicy
+metadata:
+  name: {{ include "openerrata.fullname" . }}-worker-egress
+  labels:
+    {{- include "openerrata.labels" . | nindent 4 }}
+spec:
+  podSelector:
+    matchLabels:
+      {{- include "openerrata.selectorLabels" . | nindent 6 }}
+      app.kubernetes.io/component: worker
+  policyTypes:
+    - Egress
+  egress:
+    - ports:
+        - protocol: UDP
+          port: 53
+        - protocol: TCP
+          port: 53
+    # Public addresses only: excludes private, loopback, link-local (cloud
+    # metadata) and shared address space.
+    - to:
+        - ipBlock:
+            cidr: "0.0.0.0/0"
+            except:
+              - "10.0.0.0/8"
+              - "100.64.0.0/10"
+              - "127.0.0.0/8"
+              - "169.254.0.0/16"
+              - "172.16.0.0/12"
+              - "192.168.0.0/16"
+        - ipBlock:
+            cidr: "::/0"
+            except:
+              - "::1/128"
+              - "fc00::/7"
+              - "fe80::/10"
+    {{- with .Values.networkPolicy.workerEgress.allowedCidrs }}
+    - to:
+        {{- range . }}
+        - ipBlock:
+            cidr: {{ . | quote }}
+        {{- end }}
+    {{- end }}
+{{- end }}
 {{- end }}
diff --git a/src/helm/openerrata/templates/secrets.yaml b/src/helm/openerrata/templates/secrets.yaml
index 6b3859d..5ec9ee5 100644
--- a/src/helm/openerrata/templates/secrets.yaml
+++ b/src/helm/openerrata/templates/secrets.yaml
@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@ type: Opaque
 stringData:
   DATABASE_URL: {{ required "secrets.databaseUrl is required" .Values.secrets.databaseUrl | quote }}
   OPENAI_API_KEY: {{ required "secrets.openaiApiKey is required" .Values.secrets.openaiApiKey | quote }}
-  HMAC_SECRET: {{ required "secrets.hmacSecret is required" .Values.secrets.hmacSecret | quote }}
   DATABASE_ENCRYPTION_KEY: {{ required "secrets.databaseEncryptionKey is required" .Values.secrets.databaseEncryptionKey | quote }}
   BLOB_STORAGE_ACCESS_KEY_ID: {{ required "secrets.blobStorageAccessKeyId is required" .Values.secrets.blobStorageAccessKeyId | quote }}
   BLOB_STORAGE_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY: {{ required "secrets.blobStorageSecretAccessKey is required" .Values.secrets.blobStorageSecretAccessKey | quote }}
diff --git a/src/helm/openerrata/templates/selector-cronjob.yaml b/src/helm/openerrata/templates/selector-cronjob.yaml
index 32d4d06..14227c9 100644
--- a/src/helm/openerrata/templates/selector-cronjob.yaml
+++ b/src/helm/openerrata/templates/selector-cronjob.yaml
@@ -19,6 +19,10 @@ spec:
           restartPolicy: OnFailure
           serviceAccountName: {{ include "openerrata.serviceAccountName" (dict "root" . "component" "selector") }}
           automountServiceAccountToken: false
+          securityContext:
+            {{- toYaml .Values.podSecurityContext | nindent 12 }}
+          initContainers:
+            {{- include "openerrata.waitForMigrationsInitContainer" . | nindent 12 }}
           containers:
             - name: selector
               image: {{ include "openerrata.image" . | quote }}
@@ -29,3 +33,7 @@ spec:
                     name: {{ include "openerrata.secretName" . }}
                 - configMapRef:
                     name: {{ include "openerrata.fullname" . }}
+              securityContext:
+                {{- toYaml .Values.containerSecurityContext | nindent 16 }}
+              resources:
+                {{- toYaml .Values.resources.selector | nindent 16 }}
diff --git a/src/helm/openerrata/templates/worker-deployment.yaml b/src/helm/openerrata/templates/worker-deployment.yaml
index 8171f70..36379c7 100644
--- a/src/helm/openerrata/templates/worker-deployment.yaml
+++ b/src/helm/openerrata/templates/worker-deployment.yaml
@@ -16,9 +16,15 @@ spec:
       labels:
         {{- include "openerrata.selectorLabels" . | nindent 8 }}
         app.kubernetes.io/component: worker
+      annotations:
+        {{- include "openerrata.configChecksums" . | nindent 8 }}
     spec:
       serviceAccountName: {{ include "openerrata.serviceAccountName" (dict "root" . "component" "worker") }}
       automountServiceAccountToken: false
+      securityContext:
+        {{- toYaml .Values.podSecurityContext | nindent 8 }}
+      initContainers:
+        {{- include "openerrata.waitForMigrationsInitContainer" . | nindent 8 }}
       containers:
         - name: worker
           image: {{ include "openerrata.image" . | quote }}
@@ -29,3 +35,7 @@ spec:
                 name: {{ include "openerrata.secretName" . }}
             - configMapRef:
                 name: {{ include "openerrata.fullname" . }}
+          securityContext:
+            {{- toYaml .Values.containerSecurityContext | nindent 12 }}
+          resources:
+            {{- toYaml .Values.resources.worker | nindent 12 }}
diff --git a/src/helm/openerrata/values.yaml b/src/helm/openerrata/values.yaml
index b890e67..6afa50c 100644
--- a/src/helm/openerrata/values.yaml
+++ b/src/helm/openerrata/values.yaml
@@ -2,10 +2,12 @@ replicaCount:
   api: 2
   worker: 2
 
+# CI publishes `<env>-<git sha>` (immutable) and `<env>-latest` (moved after a
+# successful deploy) tags, e.g. `main-latest`. There is no default version:
+# set image.tag or image.digest.
 image:
-  repository: ghcr.io/zeropathAI/openerrata-api
-  # TODO: Pin an immutable release tag or digest before first production rollout.
-  tag: latest
+  repository: ghcr.io/zeropathai/openerrata-api
+  tag: ""
   # Optional immutable digest (sha256:...). When set, it takes precedence over tag.
   digest: ""
   pullPolicy: Always
@@ -22,8 +24,9 @@ frontend:
   # GraphQL requests (e.g. "https://api.openerrata.com" or a cluster-internal URL).
   apiBaseUrl: ""
   image:
-    repository: ghcr.io/zeropathAI/openerrata-frontend
-    tag: latest
+    repository: ghcr.io/zeropathai/openerrata-frontend
+    # Required when frontend.enabled=true unless digest is set (see image.tag).
+    tag: ""
     digest: ""
     pullPolicy: Always
   service:
@@ -50,8 +53,38 @@ serviceAccount:
     migrate: ""
     frontend: ""
 
+# Applied to every pod. Both images run as their `node` user (uid/gid 1000).
+podSecurityContext:
+  runAsNonRoot: true
+  runAsUser: 1000
+  runAsGroup: 1000
+  seccompProfile:
+    type: RuntimeDefault
+
+containerSecurityContext:
+  allowPrivilegeEscalation: false
+  capabilities:
+    drop: ["ALL"]
+
+# Container resource requests/limits per component. Empty means the cluster's
+# defaults (LimitRange) apply; size these from observed usage.
+resources:
+  api: {}
+  worker: {}
+  selector: {}
+  migrate: {}
+  frontend: {}
+
 networkPolicy:
   enabled: true
+  # The worker fetches URLs chosen by the LLM and by post content. When enabled,
+  # its egress is limited to DNS and public addresses, which blocks the cloud
+  # metadata endpoint and in-cluster services. Private destinations the worker
+  # needs (e.g. an in-cluster or VPC-internal database) go in allowedCidrs.
+  # Off by default because the database address is deployment-specific.
+  workerEgress:
+    enabled: false
+    allowedCidrs: []
 
 service:
   type: ClusterIP
@@ -73,11 +106,24 @@ ingress:
 
 selector:
   schedule: "*/5 * * * *"
-  budget: "100"
+  # Maximum investigations the selector admits per UTC day, however often the
+  # schedule runs it.
+  dailyBudget: "100"
 
 config:
+  # How the API learns each viewer's IP address (SvelteKit adapter-node
+  # ADDRESS_HEADER / XFF_DEPTH). The defaults match the chart's nginx ingress,
+  # which sets X-Forwarded-For to the address it accepted the connection from,
+  # so the client is the last entry. If another proxy (e.g. Cloudflare) sits in
+  # front of the ingress controller, configure the controller's real-IP
+  # handling (use-forwarded-headers / proxy-real-ip-cidr) so that address is
+  # the viewer's, or every viewer counts against one IP range. The API refuses
+  # to start in production without these.
+  clientAddressHeader: "x-forwarded-for"
+  clientAddressXffDepth: "1"
   ipRangeCreditCap: "10"
   workerConcurrency: "250"
+  openaiMaxResponseToolRounds: "150"
   databaseEncryptionKeyId: "primary"
   # Required: blob storage backend provider ("aws" or "s3_compatible").
   blobStorageProvider: ""
@@ -90,8 +136,6 @@ config:
   blobStorageEndpoint: ""
   # Required: name of the S3/R2 bucket used for investigation image blobs.
   blobStorageBucket: ""
-  # Required: public URL prefix used to serve uploaded blobs.
-  blobStoragePublicUrlPrefix: ""
 
 # Secrets must be provided via --set or external secret manager
 secrets:
@@ -101,8 +145,6 @@ secrets:
   databaseUrl: ""
   # Required: server-side OpenAI key used by worker and selector investigations.
   openaiApiKey: ""
-  # Required: shared secret used to verify request signatures.
-  hmacSecret: ""
   # Required: symmetric key used to encrypt transient DB-stored secrets.
   databaseEncryptionKey: ""
   # Required: credentials for blob storage uploads.
diff --git a/src/kubernetes/ci-rbac/rbac.yaml b/src/kubernetes/ci-rbac/rbac.yaml
index 384fe57..c1a0a23 100644
--- a/src/kubernetes/ci-rbac/rbac.yaml
+++ b/src/kubernetes/ci-rbac/rbac.yaml
@@ -1,6 +1,9 @@
-# CI deploy ServiceAccount with least-privilege RBAC.
+# Least-privilege RBAC for the GitHub Actions deploy job.
 #
-# Grants the GitHub Actions worker permission to:
+# The deploy job authenticates to EKS as the IAM role openerrata-github-actions-deploy
+# (assumed through GitHub OIDC; see src/aws/ci-iam/setup.sh), whose EKS access
+# entry puts it in the Kubernetes group `openerrata-ci` and grants nothing else.
+# This manifest gives that group permission to:
 #   1. Read and update the openerrata-main and openerrata-staging Namespaces
 #      (but NOT create or delete arbitrary namespaces).
 #   2. Fully manage workload resources inside those two namespaces.
@@ -9,25 +12,6 @@
 # this manifest, because the RoleBindings live inside them.  The companion
 # setup.sh script handles ordering automatically.
 
----
-# ── ServiceAccount (lives in kube-system so it survives namespace wipes) ──
-apiVersion: v1
-kind: ServiceAccount
-metadata:
-  name: openerrata-ci
-  namespace: kube-system
-
----
-# ── Long-lived token for kubeconfig generation ──
-apiVersion: v1
-kind: Secret
-metadata:
-  name: openerrata-ci-token
-  namespace: kube-system
-  annotations:
-    kubernetes.io/service-account.name: openerrata-ci
-type: kubernetes.io/service-account-token
-
 ---
 # ── ClusterRole: manage the two specific namespaces ──
 apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
@@ -50,14 +34,14 @@ roleRef:
   kind: ClusterRole
   name: openerrata-ci-namespaces
 subjects:
-  - kind: ServiceAccount
+  - apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
+    kind: Group
     name: openerrata-ci
-    namespace: kube-system
 
 ---
 # ── ClusterRole: full control of workload resources (namespace-scoped) ──
 #
-# This ClusterRole defines WHAT the SA can do.  The per-namespace
+# This ClusterRole defines WHAT the group can do.  The per-namespace
 # RoleBindings below restrict WHERE it can do it.
 apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
 kind: ClusterRole
@@ -120,9 +104,9 @@ roleRef:
   kind: ClusterRole
   name: openerrata-ci-workloads
 subjects:
-  - kind: ServiceAccount
+  - apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
+    kind: Group
     name: openerrata-ci
-    namespace: kube-system
 
 ---
 apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
@@ -135,6 +119,6 @@ roleRef:
   kind: ClusterRole
   name: openerrata-ci-workloads
 subjects:
-  - kind: ServiceAccount
+  - apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
+    kind: Group
     name: openerrata-ci
-    namespace: kube-system
diff --git a/src/kubernetes/ci-rbac/setup.sh b/src/kubernetes/ci-rbac/setup.sh
index ed7b31a..164fad5 100755
--- a/src/kubernetes/ci-rbac/setup.sh
+++ b/src/kubernetes/ci-rbac/setup.sh
@@ -1,46 +1,47 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env bash
 #
-# Bootstrap the openerrata CI ServiceAccount on a Kubernetes cluster.
+# Bootstrap the openerrata CI deploy permissions on the cunningham cluster.
 #
-# Run this ONCE with cluster-admin access (e.g. your personal kubeconfig for
-# the cunningham cluster).  It:
+# The GitHub Actions deploy job holds no Kubernetes credential of its own: it
+# assumes the IAM role openerrata-github-actions-deploy through GitHub OIDC,
+# and that role's EKS access entry (created by src/aws/ci-iam/setup.sh) maps
+# it to the Kubernetes group `openerrata-ci`.  This script gives that group
+# its permissions.
+#
+# Run it with cluster-admin access (e.g. your personal kubeconfig for the
+# cunningham cluster, over the tailnet).  It is idempotent.  It:
 #
 #   1. Creates the openerrata-main and openerrata-staging namespaces
-#   2. Applies the RBAC manifests (ServiceAccount, Roles, Bindings)
-#   3. Waits for the SA token to be provisioned
-#   4. Prints a self-contained kubeconfig to stdout
+#   2. Applies the RBAC manifests (Roles and Bindings for the openerrata-ci
+#      group)
+#   3. Deletes the retired openerrata-ci ServiceAccount and its long-lived
+#      token Secret from kube-system, which revokes the static kubeconfig the
+#      old KUBE_CONFIG_DATA GitHub secret held
 #
 # Usage:
-#   ./setup.sh                       # prints kubeconfig to stdout
-#   ./setup.sh > ci-kubeconfig.yaml  # save to file
-#
-# Environment:
-#   TARGET_NAMESPACE (optional, default: openerrata-staging)
-#     The namespace encoded in the generated kubeconfig's context.
+#   ./setup.sh
 #
-# The printed kubeconfig is the value you set as the KUBE_CONFIG_DATA GitHub
-# secret (you can base64-encode it or paste it raw; the deploy workflow
-# accepts either format).
+# Prerequisites:
+#   - kubectl on PATH, with the current context pointing at the cunningham
+#     cluster as a cluster admin
 
 set -euo pipefail
 
 SCRIPT_DIR="$(cd "$(dirname "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}")" && pwd)"
-SA_NAME="openerrata-ci"
-SA_NAMESPACE="kube-system"
-SECRET_NAME="openerrata-ci-token"
 NAMESPACES=("openerrata-main" "openerrata-staging")
-TARGET_NAMESPACE="${TARGET_NAMESPACE:-openerrata-staging}"
+RETIRED_SA_NAMESPACE="kube-system"
+RETIRED_SA_NAME="openerrata-ci"
+RETIRED_SA_TOKEN_SECRET="openerrata-ci-token"
 
-case "$TARGET_NAMESPACE" in
-  openerrata-main|openerrata-staging) ;;
-  *)
-    echo "Unsupported TARGET_NAMESPACE: ${TARGET_NAMESPACE}" >&2
-    echo "Expected one of: openerrata-main, openerrata-staging" >&2
-    exit 1
-    ;;
-esac
+# ── 1. Prerequisites ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+if ! command -v kubectl &>/dev/null; then
+  echo "ERROR: kubectl not found. Install it first: https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/tools/" >&2
+  exit 1
+fi
 
-# ── 1. Create target namespaces ──────────────────────────────────────────
+echo "Using kube context: $(kubectl config current-context)" >&2
+
+# ── 2. Create target namespaces ──────────────────────────────────────────
 for ns in "${NAMESPACES[@]}"; do
   if kubectl get namespace "$ns" &>/dev/null; then
     echo "Namespace $ns already exists." >&2
@@ -50,56 +51,17 @@ for ns in "${NAMESPACES[@]}"; do
   fi
 done
 
-# ── 2. Apply RBAC manifests ──────────────────────────────────────────────
+# ── 3. Apply RBAC manifests ──────────────────────────────────────────────
 echo "Applying RBAC manifests ..." >&2
 kubectl apply -f "$SCRIPT_DIR/rbac.yaml"
 
-# ── 3. Wait for token secret to be populated ─────────────────────────────
-echo "Waiting for ServiceAccount token ..." >&2
-for i in $(seq 1 30); do
-  TOKEN="$(kubectl get secret "$SECRET_NAME" \
-    --namespace "$SA_NAMESPACE" \
-    -o jsonpath='{.data.token}' 2>/dev/null || true)"
-  if [ -n "$TOKEN" ]; then
-    break
-  fi
-  sleep 1
-done
-
-if [ -z "${TOKEN:-}" ]; then
-  echo "ERROR: timed out waiting for token secret to be populated." >&2
-  exit 1
-fi
-
-CA_DATA="$(kubectl get secret "$SECRET_NAME" \
-  --namespace "$SA_NAMESPACE" \
-  -o jsonpath='{.data.ca\.crt}')"
-
-CLUSTER_SERVER="$(kubectl config view --minify -o jsonpath='{.clusters[0].cluster.server}')"
-CLUSTER_NAME="$(kubectl config view --minify -o jsonpath='{.clusters[0].name}')"
-
-# ── 4. Emit kubeconfig ──────────────────────────────────────────────────
-cat <<EOF
-apiVersion: v1
-kind: Config
-clusters:
-  - name: ${CLUSTER_NAME}
-    cluster:
-      server: ${CLUSTER_SERVER}
-      certificate-authority-data: ${CA_DATA}
-contexts:
-  - name: ${SA_NAME}@${CLUSTER_NAME}
-    context:
-      cluster: ${CLUSTER_NAME}
-      user: ${SA_NAME}
-      namespace: ${TARGET_NAMESPACE}
-current-context: ${SA_NAME}@${CLUSTER_NAME}
-users:
-  - name: ${SA_NAME}
-    user:
-      token: $(echo "$TOKEN" | base64 --decode)
-EOF
+# ── 4. Revoke the retired ServiceAccount credential ──────────────────────
+echo "Deleting retired ServiceAccount token and ServiceAccount (if present) ..." >&2
+kubectl delete secret "$RETIRED_SA_TOKEN_SECRET" \
+  --namespace "$RETIRED_SA_NAMESPACE" --ignore-not-found
+kubectl delete serviceaccount "$RETIRED_SA_NAME" \
+  --namespace "$RETIRED_SA_NAMESPACE" --ignore-not-found
 
 echo "" >&2
-echo "Kubeconfig written to stdout." >&2
-echo "Set it as the KUBE_CONFIG_DATA secret in your GitHub repo." >&2
+echo "CI RBAC ready: Kubernetes group openerrata-ci may deploy to ${NAMESPACES[*]}." >&2
+echo "Delete the KUBE_CONFIG_DATA GitHub secret; its token no longer works." >&2
diff --git a/src/typescript/AGENTS.md b/src/typescript/AGENTS.md
index 8944045..fd7dabe 100644
--- a/src/typescript/AGENTS.md
+++ b/src/typescript/AGENTS.md
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 # TypeScript Workspace
 
-pnpm monorepo with four packages: `shared`, `api`, `extension`, `pulumi`.
+pnpm monorepo with five packages: `shared`, `api`, `extension`, `frontend`, `pulumi`.
 
 ## Useful Commands
 
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ pnpm check            # typecheck all packages + lint
 pnpm test             # run unit+integration tests
 pnpm dev:api          # Start API dev server
 pnpm dev:ext          # Build extension in watch mode
+pnpm dev:frontend     # Start the public website (needs API_BASE_URL)
 pnpm worker           # Start graphile-worker
 pnpm selector         # Run investigation selector
 pnpm db:migrate       # Create/apply Prisma migrations in development
@@ -55,6 +56,7 @@ export enum Platform {
 ```
 shared ← api       (types, schemas, normalization)
 shared ← extension (types, schemas, normalization)
+shared ← frontend  (public API schemas)
 ```
 
 Extension/API procedure compatibility is enforced via the shared
@@ -64,8 +66,14 @@ Extension/API procedure compatibility is enforced via the shared
 - Extension uses typed query/mutation path wrappers in
   `extension/src/background/api-client.ts`
 
+The public website talks to the API only through the public GraphQL endpoint.
+Its query documents (`frontend/src/lib/public-queries.ts`) select exactly the
+fields of the shared `public*OutputSchema`s, responses are parsed with those
+schemas, and `api/test/unit/frontend-graphql-contract.test.ts` runs the
+documents against the API's GraphQL schema.
+
 The `shared` package uses raw TypeScript source imports (`"main": "src/index.ts"`)
-within the monorepo. Both Vite (extension) and SvelteKit (API) transpile TS on
+within the monorepo. Vite (extension) and SvelteKit (API, frontend) transpile TS on
 the fly, so no separate build step is needed in dev.
 
 ## ESLint Configuration
@@ -73,9 +81,10 @@ the fly, so no separate build step is needed in dev.
 Flat config (ESLint 9+) at `eslint.config.js`. Key rules:
 
 - Type-aware linting (projectService) for `.ts` files across `api`, `shared`,
-  `extension`, and `pulumi` (excluding generated files/configs plus selected
-  tooling and extension test files).
-- Svelte files get non-type-aware linting; `svelte-check` handles type errors.
+  `extension`, `pulumi` and the frontend's tests (excluding generated
+  files/configs plus selected tooling and extension test files).
+- Svelte files and `frontend/src` get non-type-aware linting; `svelte-check`
+  handles their type errors.
 - Security rules: `no-eval`, `no-new-func`, `eqeqeq`.
 - Async safety: `no-floating-promises`, `no-misused-promises`, `await-thenable`.
 - Exhaustiveness: `switch-exhaustiveness-check`.
diff --git a/src/typescript/api/.env.example b/src/typescript/api/.env.example
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..547e82e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/typescript/api/.env.example
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+# Local development configuration for the API server, worker, and selector.
+# dotenv reads `.env` from the package directory, so copy this file to api/.env:
+#   cp api/.env.example api/.env   (from src/typescript)
+# Service values match the root docker-compose.yml.
+
+DATABASE_URL="postgresql://openerrata:openerrata_dev@localhost:5433/openerrata"
+
+# Instance OpenAI key. Required by the worker; the API server and selector
+# start without it.
+# OPENAI_API_KEY="sk-..."
+
+OPENAI_MAX_RESPONSE_TOOL_ROUNDS=150
+WORKER_CONCURRENCY=250
+SELECTOR_DAILY_BUDGET=100
+IP_RANGE_CREDIT_CAP=10
+
+DATABASE_ENCRYPTION_KEY="dev-database-encryption-key-change-in-production"
+DATABASE_ENCRYPTION_KEY_ID="primary"
+
+BLOB_STORAGE_PROVIDER="s3_compatible"
+BLOB_STORAGE_REGION="us-east-1"
+BLOB_STORAGE_ENDPOINT="http://localhost:7070"
+BLOB_STORAGE_BUCKET="openerrata-images"
+BLOB_STORAGE_ACCESS_KEY_ID="openerrata_blob"
+BLOB_STORAGE_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY="openerrata_blob_secret"
diff --git a/src/typescript/api/Dockerfile b/src/typescript/api/Dockerfile
index 87c222e..879b5fc 100644
--- a/src/typescript/api/Dockerfile
+++ b/src/typescript/api/Dockerfile
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
-FROM node:22-slim AS base
+# Keep in step with node-version in .github/actions/setup-typescript-workspace.
+FROM node:22.23.3-slim AS base
+# corepack installs the pnpm version pinned by package.json's packageManager.
 RUN corepack enable
 
 FROM base AS build
@@ -34,6 +36,7 @@ COPY --from=build /app/tsconfig.base.json /app/tsconfig.base.json
 EXPOSE 3000
 ENV PORT=3000
 ENV NODE_ENV=production
+USER node
 
 # Default: run the API server. Override CMD for worker/selector.
 CMD ["node", "build/index.js"]
diff --git a/src/typescript/api/package.json b/src/typescript/api/package.json
index 4034900..85958ac 100644
--- a/src/typescript/api/package.json
+++ b/src/typescript/api/package.json
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@
     "worker": "tsx --tsconfig tsconfig.runtime.json src/lib/services/worker-entrypoint.ts",
     "selector": "tsx --tsconfig tsconfig.runtime.json src/lib/services/selector-entrypoint.ts",
     "instance-api-key": "tsx --tsconfig tsconfig.runtime.json src/lib/services/instance-api-key-entrypoint.ts",
+    "smoke:openai": "tsx --tsconfig tsconfig.runtime.json scripts/openai-live-smoke.ts",
     "prisma:generate": "svelte-kit sync && prisma generate",
     "prisma:migrate:dev": "prisma migrate dev",
     "prisma:migrate:deploy": "prisma migrate deploy",
@@ -44,6 +45,7 @@
     "parse5": "^8.0.0",
     "pg": "^8.18.0",
     "turndown": "^7.2.2",
+    "undici": "^7.22.0",
     "zod": "^4.3.6"
   },
   "devDependencies": {
diff --git a/src/typescript/api/prisma/migrations/0024_investigation_model_and_attempt_requests/migration.sql b/src/typescript/api/prisma/migrations/0024_investigation_model_and_attempt_requests/migration.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..38901c5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/typescript/api/prisma/migrations/0024_investigation_model_and_attempt_requests/migration.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,204 @@
+-- Two audit-truthfulness changes:
+--
+-- 1. Investigation.model stops being an InvestigationModel enum value guessed
+--    at queue time. It becomes the provider model id the stage-1 fact-check
+--    requests were actually sent to, recorded at completion: set iff
+--    status = COMPLETE (INV-INV-MODEL-AT-COMPLETION). Existing COMPLETE rows
+--    take the requestModel of their SUCCEEDED attempt; every other row becomes
+--    NULL. A COMPLETE investigation without exactly one SUCCEEDED attempt has
+--    no truthful value, so the migration aborts instead of inventing one.
+--
+-- 2. InvestigationAttempt audits move to one InvestigationAttemptRequest row
+--    per provider request (fact-check rounds, per-claim validations), each
+--    with its own response. Existing attempts squashed every request into one
+--    record that cannot be split truthfully, so each becomes a single
+--    LEGACY_COMBINED request (with one response when it had one) and keeps its
+--    children unchanged. Dropped legacy data: responseOutputText (the SDK's
+--    concatenation of the last response's output_text parts, which remain as
+--    text parts) and tool-call capturedAt/providerStartedAt/providerCompletedAt
+--    (parse-time stamps and always-null guesses); tool-call id/type/status
+--    columns duplicated their output item's and are dropped.
+
+-- ── 1a. Preconditions ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+DO $$
+DECLARE
+  offending_investigation_ids TEXT;
+  offending_attempt_ids TEXT;
+BEGIN
+  SELECT string_agg(i."id", ', ' ORDER BY i."id")
+  INTO offending_investigation_ids
+  FROM "Investigation" i
+  WHERE i."status" = 'COMPLETE'
+    AND (
+      SELECT COUNT(*)
+      FROM "InvestigationAttempt" a
+      WHERE a."investigationId" = i."id"
+        AND a."outcome" = 'SUCCEEDED'
+    ) <> 1;
+
+  IF offending_investigation_ids IS NOT NULL THEN
+    RAISE EXCEPTION
+      'Cannot record Investigation.model: COMPLETE investigations without exactly one SUCCEEDED InvestigationAttempt have no recorded request model: %',
+      offending_investigation_ids;
+  END IF;
+
+  SELECT string_agg(a."id", ', ' ORDER BY a."id")
+  INTO offending_attempt_ids
+  FROM "InvestigationAttempt" a
+  WHERE (
+      a."responseId" IS NULL
+      AND (
+        a."responseStatus" IS NOT NULL
+        OR a."responseModelVersion" IS NOT NULL
+        OR a."responseOutputText" IS NOT NULL
+        OR EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM "InvestigationAttemptOutputItem" o WHERE o."attemptId" = a."id")
+        OR EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM "InvestigationAttemptUsage" u WHERE u."attemptId" = a."id")
+      )
+    )
+    OR (a."responseId" IS NOT NULL AND a."responseModelVersion" IS NULL);
+
+  IF offending_attempt_ids IS NOT NULL THEN
+    RAISE EXCEPTION
+      'Cannot migrate InvestigationAttempt audits: attempts with a partially recorded response (response data without responseId, or responseId without responseModelVersion): %',
+      offending_attempt_ids;
+  END IF;
+END
+$$;
+
+-- ── 1b. Investigation.model: recorded at completion ─────────────────────────
+
+ALTER TABLE "Investigation" ALTER COLUMN "model" DROP NOT NULL;
+ALTER TABLE "Investigation" ALTER COLUMN "model" TYPE TEXT USING NULL;
+
+UPDATE "Investigation" i
+SET "model" = a."requestModel"
+FROM "InvestigationAttempt" a
+WHERE a."investigationId" = i."id"
+  AND a."outcome" = 'SUCCEEDED'
+  AND i."status" = 'COMPLETE';
+
+ALTER TABLE "Investigation"
+  ADD CONSTRAINT "Investigation_model_consistency_check"
+  CHECK (("status" = 'COMPLETE') = ("model" IS NOT NULL));
+
+DROP TYPE "InvestigationModel";
+
+-- ── 2a. Per-request audit tables ────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+CREATE TYPE "InvestigationAttemptRequestKind" AS ENUM ('FACT_CHECK_ROUND', 'CLAIM_VALIDATION', 'LEGACY_COMBINED');
+
+CREATE TABLE "InvestigationAttemptRequest" (
+    "id" TEXT NOT NULL,
+    "attemptId" TEXT NOT NULL,
+    "kind" "InvestigationAttemptRequestKind" NOT NULL,
+    "factCheckRound" INTEGER,
+    "claimIndex" INTEGER,
+    "model" TEXT NOT NULL,
+    "instructions" TEXT NOT NULL,
+    "input" JSONB NOT NULL,
+    "previousResponseId" TEXT,
+    "reasoningEffort" TEXT,
+    "reasoningSummary" TEXT,
+    "include" TEXT[],
+    "createdAt" TIMESTAMP(3) NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
+
+    CONSTRAINT "InvestigationAttemptRequest_pkey" PRIMARY KEY ("id"),
+    -- INV-ATTEMPT-REQUEST-SUBJECT
+    CONSTRAINT "InvestigationAttemptRequest_subject_check" CHECK (
+      ("factCheckRound" IS NOT NULL) = ("kind" = 'FACT_CHECK_ROUND')
+      AND ("claimIndex" IS NOT NULL) = ("kind" = 'CLAIM_VALIDATION')
+      AND COALESCE("factCheckRound", 0) >= 0
+      AND COALESCE("claimIndex", 0) >= 0
+    )
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE "InvestigationAttemptResponse" (
+    "id" TEXT NOT NULL,
+    "requestId" TEXT NOT NULL,
+    "providerResponseId" TEXT NOT NULL,
+    "status" TEXT,
+    "modelVersion" TEXT NOT NULL,
+    "receivedAt" TIMESTAMP(3),
+    "createdAt" TIMESTAMP(3) NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
+
+    CONSTRAINT "InvestigationAttemptResponse_pkey" PRIMARY KEY ("id")
+);
+
+-- ── 2b. Legacy attempts → one LEGACY_COMBINED request each ─────────────────
+-- The legacy request and response reuse their attempt's id (distinct tables),
+-- which lets the children below be re-parented without a mapping table.
+
+INSERT INTO "InvestigationAttemptRequest" (
+  "id", "attemptId", "kind", "factCheckRound", "claimIndex", "model", "instructions", "input",
+  "previousResponseId", "reasoningEffort", "reasoningSummary", "include", "createdAt"
+)
+SELECT
+  a."id", a."id", 'LEGACY_COMBINED', NULL, NULL, a."requestModel", a."requestInstructions",
+  to_jsonb(a."requestInput"), NULL, a."requestReasoningEffort", a."requestReasoningSummary",
+  -- Legacy requests sent no `include` parameter.
+  ARRAY[]::TEXT[], a."createdAt"
+FROM "InvestigationAttempt" a;
+
+INSERT INTO "InvestigationAttemptResponse" (
+  "id", "requestId", "providerResponseId", "status", "modelVersion", "receivedAt", "createdAt"
+)
+SELECT a."id", a."id", a."responseId", a."responseStatus", a."responseModelVersion", NULL, a."createdAt"
+FROM "InvestigationAttempt" a
+WHERE a."responseId" IS NOT NULL;
+
+ALTER TABLE "InvestigationAttemptRequestedTool" DROP CONSTRAINT "InvestigationAttemptRequestedTool_attemptId_fkey";
+DROP INDEX "InvestigationAttemptRequestedTool_attemptId_idx";
+DROP INDEX "InvestigationAttemptRequestedTool_attemptId_requestOrder_key";
+ALTER TABLE "InvestigationAttemptRequestedTool" RENAME COLUMN "attemptId" TO "requestId";
+
+ALTER TABLE "InvestigationAttemptOutputItem" DROP CONSTRAINT "InvestigationAttemptOutputItem_attemptId_fkey";
+DROP INDEX "InvestigationAttemptOutputItem_attemptId_idx";
+DROP INDEX "InvestigationAttemptOutputItem_attemptId_outputIndex_key";
+ALTER TABLE "InvestigationAttemptOutputItem" RENAME COLUMN "attemptId" TO "responseId";
+
+ALTER TABLE "InvestigationAttemptUsage" DROP CONSTRAINT "InvestigationAttemptUsage_attemptId_fkey";
+DROP INDEX "InvestigationAttemptUsage_attemptId_key";
+ALTER TABLE "InvestigationAttemptUsage" RENAME COLUMN "attemptId" TO "responseId";
+
+ALTER TABLE "InvestigationAttemptToolCall" DROP CONSTRAINT "InvestigationAttemptToolCall_attemptId_fkey";
+DROP INDEX "InvestigationAttemptToolCall_attemptId_idx";
+DROP INDEX "InvestigationAttemptToolCall_attemptId_outputIndex_key";
+ALTER TABLE "InvestigationAttemptToolCall"
+  DROP COLUMN "attemptId",
+  DROP COLUMN "outputIndex",
+  DROP COLUMN "providerToolCallId",
+  DROP COLUMN "toolType",
+  DROP COLUMN "status",
+  DROP COLUMN "capturedAt",
+  DROP COLUMN "providerStartedAt",
+  DROP COLUMN "providerCompletedAt";
+
+ALTER TABLE "InvestigationAttempt"
+  DROP COLUMN "requestModel",
+  DROP COLUMN "requestInstructions",
+  DROP COLUMN "requestInput",
+  DROP COLUMN "requestReasoningEffort",
+  DROP COLUMN "requestReasoningSummary",
+  DROP COLUMN "responseId",
+  DROP COLUMN "responseStatus",
+  DROP COLUMN "responseModelVersion",
+  DROP COLUMN "responseOutputText";
+
+-- ── 2c. Indexes and foreign keys ────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+CREATE INDEX "InvestigationAttemptRequest_attemptId_idx" ON "InvestigationAttemptRequest"("attemptId");
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX "InvestigationAttemptRequest_attemptId_factCheckRound_key" ON "InvestigationAttemptRequest"("attemptId", "factCheckRound");
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX "InvestigationAttemptRequest_attemptId_claimIndex_key" ON "InvestigationAttemptRequest"("attemptId", "claimIndex");
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX "InvestigationAttemptResponse_requestId_key" ON "InvestigationAttemptResponse"("requestId");
+CREATE INDEX "InvestigationAttemptOutputItem_responseId_idx" ON "InvestigationAttemptOutputItem"("responseId");
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX "InvestigationAttemptOutputItem_responseId_outputIndex_key" ON "InvestigationAttemptOutputItem"("responseId", "outputIndex");
+CREATE INDEX "InvestigationAttemptRequestedTool_requestId_idx" ON "InvestigationAttemptRequestedTool"("requestId");
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX "InvestigationAttemptRequestedTool_requestId_requestOrder_key" ON "InvestigationAttemptRequestedTool"("requestId", "requestOrder");
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX "InvestigationAttemptUsage_responseId_key" ON "InvestigationAttemptUsage"("responseId");
+
+ALTER TABLE "InvestigationAttemptRequest" ADD CONSTRAINT "InvestigationAttemptRequest_attemptId_fkey" FOREIGN KEY ("attemptId") REFERENCES "InvestigationAttempt"("id") ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE;
+ALTER TABLE "InvestigationAttemptRequestedTool" ADD CONSTRAINT "InvestigationAttemptRequestedTool_requestId_fkey" FOREIGN KEY ("requestId") REFERENCES "InvestigationAttemptRequest"("id") ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE;
+ALTER TABLE "InvestigationAttemptResponse" ADD CONSTRAINT "InvestigationAttemptResponse_requestId_fkey" FOREIGN KEY ("requestId") REFERENCES "InvestigationAttemptRequest"("id") ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE;
+ALTER TABLE "InvestigationAttemptOutputItem" ADD CONSTRAINT "InvestigationAttemptOutputItem_responseId_fkey" FOREIGN KEY ("responseId") REFERENCES "InvestigationAttemptResponse"("id") ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE;
+ALTER TABLE "InvestigationAttemptUsage" ADD CONSTRAINT "InvestigationAttemptUsage_responseId_fkey" FOREIGN KEY ("responseId") REFERENCES "InvestigationAttemptResponse"("id") ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE;
diff --git a/src/typescript/api/prisma/migrations/0025_investigation_admission_and_lease_invariant/migration.sql b/src/typescript/api/prisma/migrations/0025_investigation_admission_and_lease_invariant/migration.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c3e9274
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/typescript/api/prisma/migrations/0025_investigation_admission_and_lease_invariant/migration.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,351 @@
+-- ============================================================================
+-- Migration 0025: investigation admission, lease invariant, input snapshot
+-- ============================================================================
+--
+-- 1. Investigation.origin + admittedAt record who admitted (and therefore pays
+--    for) each investigation, so the selector budget can count its own
+--    admissions per UTC day.
+-- 2. "InvestigationLease row exists iff status = PROCESSING" moves from code
+--    comments into deferred constraint triggers checked at commit.
+-- 3. Post.identityVerifiedAt latches once url/author come from a server fetch;
+--    stored non-HTTPS post URLs are rebuilt from platform identity.
+-- 4. InvestigationInput snapshots the prompt context (post URL, author,
+--    publication time, video flag) and the source URL behind every [IMAGE:N]
+--    markdown placeholder at queue time.
+-- 5. Source.snapshotText/snapshotHash/retrievedAt are dropped: they only ever
+--    held a copy of the snippet and the save time.
+-- 6. SubstackVersionMeta.serverHtmlBlobId is dropped: Substack has no
+--    server-side fetch, so it could never be populated.
+-- 7. The LessWrong/Substack/Wikipedia version-meta triggers are renamed: they
+--    enforce an update policy, they no longer reject updates.
+
+-- ── 1. Investigation origin / admission ─────────────────────────────────────
+
+CREATE TYPE "InvestigationOrigin" AS ENUM ('SELECTOR', 'INSTANCE_REQUEST', 'USER_KEY_REQUEST');
+
+ALTER TABLE "Investigation"
+  ADD COLUMN "origin" "InvestigationOrigin",
+  ADD COLUMN "admittedAt" TIMESTAMP(3);
+
+-- Historical rows: an attached user-key source identifies a user-key request.
+-- Selector and instance-key requests cannot be told apart after the fact, so
+-- they are recorded as SELECTOR. That is the conservative choice for the daily
+-- budget: rows created earlier today count against today's selector budget.
+UPDATE "Investigation" i
+SET
+  "origin" = CASE
+    WHEN EXISTS (
+      SELECT 1 FROM "InvestigationOpenAiKeySource" ks WHERE ks."investigationId" = i."id"
+    ) THEN 'USER_KEY_REQUEST'::"InvestigationOrigin"
+    ELSE 'SELECTOR'::"InvestigationOrigin"
+  END,
+  "admittedAt" = i."createdAt";
+
+ALTER TABLE "Investigation"
+  ALTER COLUMN "origin" SET NOT NULL,
+  ALTER COLUMN "admittedAt" SET NOT NULL;
+
+CREATE INDEX "Investigation_origin_admittedAt_idx" ON "Investigation"("origin", "admittedAt");
+
+-- ── 2. Lease row exists iff status = PROCESSING ─────────────────────────────
+
+-- Repair rows that violate the invariant before enforcing it.
+DELETE FROM "InvestigationLease" l
+USING "Investigation" i
+WHERE i."id" = l."investigationId"
+  AND i."status" <> 'PROCESSING';
+
+UPDATE "Investigation" i
+SET "status" = 'PENDING', "queuedAt" = CURRENT_TIMESTAMP
+WHERE i."status" = 'PROCESSING'
+  AND NOT EXISTS (
+    SELECT 1 FROM "InvestigationLease" l WHERE l."investigationId" = i."id"
+  );
+
+CREATE FUNCTION "assert_investigation_lease_matches_status"(target_investigation_id TEXT)
+RETURNS void
+LANGUAGE plpgsql
+AS $$
+DECLARE
+  current_status "CheckStatus";
+  has_lease BOOLEAN;
+BEGIN
+  SELECT i."status"
+  INTO current_status
+  FROM "Investigation" i
+  WHERE i."id" = target_investigation_id;
+
+  IF NOT FOUND THEN
+    -- The investigation was deleted; its lease row cascades with it.
+    RETURN;
+  END IF;
+
+  has_lease := EXISTS (
+    SELECT 1 FROM "InvestigationLease" l WHERE l."investigationId" = target_investigation_id
+  );
+
+  IF (current_status = 'PROCESSING') IS DISTINCT FROM has_lease THEN
+    RAISE EXCEPTION
+      'Investigation % has status % but its lease row %; a lease row must exist iff status = PROCESSING',
+      target_investigation_id,
+      current_status,
+      CASE WHEN has_lease THEN 'exists' ELSE 'is missing' END
+      USING ERRCODE = 'check_violation';
+  END IF;
+END;
+$$;
+
+CREATE FUNCTION "enforce_lease_status_on_investigation"()
+RETURNS TRIGGER
+LANGUAGE plpgsql
+AS $$
+BEGIN
+  PERFORM "assert_investigation_lease_matches_status"(NEW."id");
+  RETURN NULL;
+END;
+$$;
+
+CREATE FUNCTION "enforce_lease_status_on_lease"()
+RETURNS TRIGGER
+LANGUAGE plpgsql
+AS $$
+BEGIN
+  IF TG_OP <> 'INSERT' THEN
+    PERFORM "assert_investigation_lease_matches_status"(OLD."investigationId");
+  END IF;
+  IF TG_OP <> 'DELETE' THEN
+    PERFORM "assert_investigation_lease_matches_status"(NEW."investigationId");
+  END IF;
+  RETURN NULL;
+END;
+$$;
+
+-- Deferred so status and lease changes made in one transaction are checked
+-- together at commit.
+CREATE CONSTRAINT TRIGGER "enforce_lease_status_on_investigation_trigger"
+AFTER INSERT OR UPDATE OF "status"
+ON "Investigation"
+DEFERRABLE INITIALLY DEFERRED
+FOR EACH ROW
+EXECUTE FUNCTION "enforce_lease_status_on_investigation"();
+
+CREATE CONSTRAINT TRIGGER "enforce_lease_status_on_lease_trigger"
+AFTER INSERT OR UPDATE OR DELETE
+ON "InvestigationLease"
+DEFERRABLE INITIALLY DEFERRED
+FOR EACH ROW
+EXECUTE FUNCTION "enforce_lease_status_on_lease"();
+
+-- ── 3. Post identity ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+ALTER TABLE "Post" ADD COLUMN "identityVerifiedAt" TIMESTAMP(3);
+
+CREATE FUNCTION "enforce_post_identity_verified_at_latch"()
+RETURNS TRIGGER
+LANGUAGE plpgsql
+AS $$
+BEGIN
+  IF OLD."identityVerifiedAt" IS NOT NULL AND NEW."identityVerifiedAt" IS NULL THEN
+    RAISE EXCEPTION
+      'Post.identityVerifiedAt cannot be cleared once a server fetch verified the post identity (postId=%)',
+      NEW."id";
+  END IF;
+  RETURN NEW;
+END;
+$$;
+
+CREATE TRIGGER "enforce_post_identity_verified_at_latch_trigger"
+BEFORE UPDATE OF "identityVerifiedAt"
+ON "Post"
+FOR EACH ROW
+EXECUTE FUNCTION "enforce_post_identity_verified_at_latch"();
+
+-- Post.url used to be overwritten by whatever an unauthenticated client sent,
+-- including non-HTTP(S) schemes. Rebuild any such URL from platform identity.
+UPDATE "Post" p
+SET "url" = CASE p."platform"
+  WHEN 'LESSWRONG' THEN 'https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/' || p."externalId"
+  WHEN 'X' THEN 'https://x.com/i/status/' || p."externalId"
+  WHEN 'WIKIPEDIA' THEN
+    'https://' || split_part(p."externalId", ':', 1) || '.wikipedia.org/?curid=' || split_part(p."externalId", ':', 2)
+  WHEN 'SUBSTACK' THEN (
+    SELECT 'https://' || svm."publicationSubdomain" || '.substack.com/p/' || svm."slug"
+    FROM "SubstackVersionMeta" svm
+    JOIN "PostVersion" pv ON pv."id" = svm."postVersionId"
+    WHERE pv."postId" = p."id"
+    ORDER BY pv."lastSeenAt" DESC, pv."id" DESC
+    LIMIT 1
+  )
+END
+WHERE p."url" !~* '^https://';
+
+-- ── 4. InvestigationInput prompt-context snapshot ───────────────────────────
+
+-- Inputs whose investigation was deleted have nothing to snapshot and are
+-- never read again.
+DELETE FROM "InvestigationInput" ii
+WHERE NOT EXISTS (
+  SELECT 1 FROM "Investigation" i WHERE i."inputId" = ii."investigationId"
+);
+
+ALTER TABLE "InvestigationInput"
+  ADD COLUMN "imagePlaceholderSourceUrls" TEXT[],
+  ADD COLUMN "postUrl" TEXT,
+  ADD COLUMN "authorName" TEXT,
+  ADD COLUMN "postPublishedAt" TIMESTAMP(3),
+  ADD COLUMN "hasVideo" BOOLEAN;
+
+ALTER TABLE "InvestigationInput" DISABLE TRIGGER "reject_investigation_input_updates_trigger";
+
+-- Backfill from the live rows the worker used to read at run time. Placeholder
+-- source URLs cannot be recovered from stored markdown, so historical rows get
+-- none (see the in-flight downgrade below).
+UPDATE "InvestigationInput" ii
+SET
+  "postUrl" = p."url",
+  "authorName" = a."displayName",
+  "postPublishedAt" = COALESCE(
+    lwm."publishedAt",
+    xvm."postedAt",
+    svm."publishedAt",
+    wvm."lastModifiedAt"
+  ),
+  "hasVideo" = COALESCE(
+    (
+      SELECT bool_or(
+        lower(split_part(split_part(media_url, '?', 1), '#', 1)) ~ '\.(mp4|webm|m3u8|mov|m4v)$'
+      )
+      FROM unnest(xvm."mediaUrls") AS media(media_url)
+    ),
+    false
+  ),
+  "imagePlaceholderSourceUrls" = ARRAY[]::TEXT[]
+FROM "Investigation" i
+JOIN "PostVersion" pv ON pv."id" = i."postVersionId"
+JOIN "Post" p ON p."id" = pv."postId"
+LEFT JOIN "Author" a ON a."id" = p."authorId"
+LEFT JOIN "LesswrongVersionMeta" lwm ON lwm."postVersionId" = pv."id"
+LEFT JOIN "XVersionMeta" xvm ON xvm."postVersionId" = pv."id"
+LEFT JOIN "SubstackVersionMeta" svm ON svm."postVersionId" = pv."id"
+LEFT JOIN "WikipediaVersionMeta" wvm ON wvm."postVersionId" = pv."id"
+WHERE i."inputId" = ii."investigationId";
+
+-- Investigations still waiting to run whose markdown contains image
+-- placeholders would otherwise run with placeholders that match no image
+-- (their source URLs were never stored). Run them on the flat-text input
+-- instead, where images are placed by normalized text offset.
+UPDATE "InvestigationInput" ii
+SET "markdownSource" = 'NONE', "markdown" = NULL, "markdownRendererVersion" = NULL
+FROM "Investigation" i
+WHERE i."inputId" = ii."investigationId"
+  AND i."status" IN ('PENDING', 'PROCESSING')
+  AND ii."markdown" LIKE '%[IMAGE:%';
+
+ALTER TABLE "InvestigationInput" ENABLE TRIGGER "reject_investigation_input_updates_trigger";
+
+ALTER TABLE "InvestigationInput"
+  ALTER COLUMN "postUrl" SET NOT NULL,
+  ALTER COLUMN "hasVideo" SET NOT NULL;
+
+ALTER TABLE "InvestigationInput"
+  ADD CONSTRAINT "InvestigationInput_imagePlaceholderSourceUrls_not_null_chk"
+  CHECK ("imagePlaceholderSourceUrls" IS NOT NULL);
+
+ALTER TABLE "InvestigationInput"
+  ADD CONSTRAINT "InvestigationInput_image_placeholders_require_markdown_chk"
+  CHECK (
+    "markdownSource" <> 'NONE'::"MarkdownSource"
+    OR cardinality("imagePlaceholderSourceUrls") = 0
+  );
+
+-- ── 5. Source snapshot placeholders ─────────────────────────────────────────
+
+ALTER TABLE "Source"
+  DROP COLUMN "snapshotText",
+  DROP COLUMN "snapshotHash",
+  DROP COLUMN "retrievedAt";
+
+-- ── 6. SubstackVersionMeta.serverHtmlBlobId ─────────────────────────────────
+
+-- Substack versions can never be server-verified, so the server-HTML snapshot
+-- check rejects serverVerifiedAt on them instead of looking for a column that
+-- no longer exists.
+CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION "enforce_server_verified_html_snapshot"()
+RETURNS TRIGGER
+LANGUAGE plpgsql
+AS $$
+DECLARE
+  post_platform "Platform";
+  has_server_html BOOLEAN;
+BEGIN
+  IF NEW."serverVerifiedAt" IS NULL THEN
+    RETURN NEW;
+  END IF;
+
+  SELECT p."platform"
+  INTO post_platform
+  FROM "Post" p
+  WHERE p."id" = NEW."postId";
+
+  IF NOT FOUND THEN
+    RAISE EXCEPTION
+      'PostVersion references missing Post (postVersionId=%, postId=%)',
+      NEW."id",
+      NEW."postId";
+  END IF;
+
+  IF post_platform = 'X' THEN
+    RETURN NEW;
+  END IF;
+
+  IF post_platform = 'LESSWRONG' THEN
+    SELECT (lwm."serverHtmlBlobId" IS NOT NULL)
+    INTO has_server_html
+    FROM "LesswrongVersionMeta" lwm
+    WHERE lwm."postVersionId" = NEW."id";
+  ELSIF post_platform = 'WIKIPEDIA' THEN
+    SELECT (wvm."serverHtmlBlobId" IS NOT NULL)
+    INTO has_server_html
+    FROM "WikipediaVersionMeta" wvm
+    WHERE wvm."postVersionId" = NEW."id";
+  ELSIF post_platform = 'SUBSTACK' THEN
+    RAISE EXCEPTION
+      'Substack posts have no server-side verification; serverVerifiedAt must stay null (postVersionId=%)',
+      NEW."id";
+  ELSE
+    RAISE EXCEPTION
+      'Unsupported platform on PostVersion (postVersionId=%, platform=%)',
+      NEW."id",
+      post_platform;
+  END IF;
+
+  IF has_server_html IS DISTINCT FROM TRUE THEN
+    RAISE EXCEPTION
+      'serverVerifiedAt requires a server HTML snapshot (postVersionId=%, platform=%)',
+      NEW."id",
+      post_platform;
+  END IF;
+
+  RETURN NEW;
+END;
+$$;
+
+ALTER TABLE "SubstackVersionMeta" DROP CONSTRAINT "SubstackVersionMeta_serverHtmlBlobId_fkey";
+ALTER TABLE "SubstackVersionMeta" DROP COLUMN "serverHtmlBlobId";
+
+-- ── 7. Version-meta update policy trigger names ─────────────────────────────
+
+ALTER FUNCTION "reject_lesswrong_version_meta_updates"()
+  RENAME TO "enforce_lesswrong_version_meta_update_policy";
+ALTER TRIGGER "reject_lesswrong_version_meta_updates_trigger" ON "LesswrongVersionMeta"
+  RENAME TO "enforce_lesswrong_version_meta_update_policy_trigger";
+
+ALTER FUNCTION "reject_substack_version_meta_updates"()
+  RENAME TO "enforce_substack_version_meta_update_policy";
+ALTER TRIGGER "reject_substack_version_meta_updates_trigger" ON "SubstackVersionMeta"
+  RENAME TO "enforce_substack_version_meta_update_policy_trigger";
+
+ALTER FUNCTION "reject_wikipedia_version_meta_updates"()
+  RENAME TO "enforce_wikipedia_version_meta_update_policy";
+ALTER TRIGGER "reject_wikipedia_version_meta_updates_trigger" ON "WikipediaVersionMeta"
+  RENAME TO "enforce_wikipedia_version_meta_update_policy_trigger";
diff --git a/src/typescript/api/prisma/schema.prisma b/src/typescript/api/prisma/schema.prisma
index b3195e5..09d3869 100644
--- a/src/typescript/api/prisma/schema.prisma
+++ b/src/typescript/api/prisma/schema.prisma
@@ -30,13 +30,6 @@ enum InvestigationProvider {
   ANTHROPIC
 }
 
-enum InvestigationModel {
-  OPENAI_GPT_5
-  OPENAI_GPT_5_MINI
-  ANTHROPIC_CLAUDE_SONNET
-  ANTHROPIC_CLAUDE_OPUS
-}
-
 enum ContentProvenance {
   SERVER_VERIFIED
   CLIENT_FALLBACK
@@ -53,22 +46,53 @@ enum InvestigationAttemptOutcome {
   FAILED
 }
 
+enum InvestigationAttemptRequestKind {
+  // One round of the stage-1 fact-check tool loop.
+  FACT_CHECK_ROUND
+  // One stage-2 per-claim validation call.
+  CLAIM_VALIDATION
+  // Pre-2026-10 merged audit: attempts recorded before per-request auditing
+  // squashed every provider request of the attempt into one record (request
+  // fields of stage 1 with stage-2 text appended, output items of all
+  // responses, summed usage). Migrated as-is; never written by current code.
+  LEGACY_COMBINED
+}
+
+// Who admitted an investigation for execution, which also fixes who pays for
+// its runs (SPEC §3.7):
+//   SELECTOR         — background selection; server key; counts against the
+//                      selector's per-UTC-day budget (SELECTOR_DAILY_BUDGET).
+//   INSTANCE_REQUEST — investigateNow from an instance-API-key client; server key.
+//   USER_KEY_REQUEST — investigateNow funded by the requester's OpenAI key
+//                      (InvestigationOpenAiKeySource). If that key is dropped
+//                      (unusable or rejected by OpenAI) the investigation is
+//                      unfunded until the selector or a new request admits it.
+enum InvestigationOrigin {
+  SELECTOR
+  INSTANCE_REQUEST
+  USER_KEY_REQUEST
+}
+
 // ─── Models ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
 
 model Post {
-  id              String           @id @default(cuid())
-  platform        Platform
-  externalId      String
-  url             String
-  authorId        String?
-  author          Author?          @relation(fields: [authorId], references: [id])
-  viewCount       Int              @default(0)
-  uniqueViewScore Int              @default(0)
-  lastViewedAt    DateTime?
-  versions        PostVersion[]
-  viewCredits     PostViewCredit[]
-  createdAt       DateTime         @default(now())
-  updatedAt       DateTime         @updatedAt
+  id                 String           @id @default(cuid())
+  platform           Platform
+  externalId         String
+  // url and author are identity-bound (SPEC §2.9): when a server fetch verifies
+  // the post they come from the platform response and identityVerifiedAt is
+  // set; once set, unverified client data never overwrites them.
+  url                String
+  authorId           String?
+  author             Author?          @relation(fields: [authorId], references: [id])
+  identityVerifiedAt DateTime?
+  viewCount          Int              @default(0)
+  uniqueViewScore    Int              @default(0)
+  lastViewedAt       DateTime?
+  versions           PostVersion[]
+  viewCredits        PostViewCredit[]
+  createdAt          DateTime         @default(now())
+  updatedAt          DateTime         @updatedAt
 
   @@unique([platform, externalId])
   @@index([viewCount])
@@ -132,7 +156,6 @@ model HtmlBlob {
 
   lesswrongServerVersionMetas LesswrongVersionMeta[] @relation("LesswrongServerHtml")
   lesswrongClientVersionMetas LesswrongVersionMeta[] @relation("LesswrongClientHtml")
-  substackServerVersionMetas  SubstackVersionMeta[]  @relation("SubstackServerHtml")
   substackClientVersionMetas  SubstackVersionMeta[]  @relation("SubstackClientHtml")
   wikipediaServerVersionMetas WikipediaVersionMeta[] @relation("WikipediaServerHtml")
   wikipediaClientVersionMetas WikipediaVersionMeta[] @relation("WikipediaClientHtml")
@@ -232,8 +255,7 @@ model SubstackVersionMeta {
   slug                 String
   title                String
   subtitle             String?
-  serverHtmlBlobId     String?
-  serverHtmlBlob       HtmlBlob?   @relation("SubstackServerHtml", fields: [serverHtmlBlobId], references: [id], onDelete: Restrict)
+  // Substack has no server-side canonical fetch, so only client HTML exists.
   clientHtmlBlobId     String?
   clientHtmlBlob       HtmlBlob?   @relation("SubstackClientHtml", fields: [clientHtmlBlobId], references: [id], onDelete: Restrict)
   imageUrls            String[]
@@ -300,23 +322,32 @@ model Investigation {
   promptId              String
   prompt                Prompt                 @relation(fields: [promptId], references: [id])
   provider              InvestigationProvider
-  model                 InvestigationModel
+  // Provider model id the stage-1 fact-check requests were sent to (e.g.
+  // "gpt-6.1-sol"), recorded when the investigation completes.
+  // INV-INV-MODEL-AT-COMPLETION: model is set iff status = COMPLETE.
+  // Enforced by CHECK constraint "Investigation_model_consistency_check".
+  model                 String?
+  // Provider-reported model revision of the final stage-1 fact-check response.
   modelVersion          String?
   // INV-INV-CHECKED-AT-CONSISTENCY: checkedAt is set iff status = COMPLETE.
   // Enforced by CHECK constraint "Investigation_checked_at_consistency_check".
   checkedAt             DateTime?
   queuedAt              DateTime               @default(now())
-  // Monotonically increasing attempt counter. Incremented atomically when a
-  // worker claims the lease. Gives each retry a distinct attemptNumber for
-  // the InvestigationAttempt audit trail.
+  origin                InvestigationOrigin
+  // When the current origin admitted (agreed to fund) the investigation. The
+  // selector's daily budget counts SELECTOR admissions per UTC day.
+  admittedAt            DateTime
+  // Monotonically increasing attempt counter, never reset. Incremented
+  // atomically when a worker claims the lease, so every attempt gets a distinct
+  // attemptNumber in the InvestigationAttempt audit trail.
   attemptCount          Int                    @default(0)
   // Set on transient-failure reclaim with exponential backoff. The selector
   // skips PENDING investigations where retryAfter > now, preventing immediate
   // re-enqueue from defeating the backoff delay. Cleared on lease claim.
   retryAfter            DateTime?
-  // INV-LEASE: The InvestigationLease row exists iff the investigation is
-  // PROCESSING and has an active lease holder. Structurally prevents
-  // leaseOwner/leaseExpiresAt without PROCESSING, and vice versa.
+  // INV-LEASE: an InvestigationLease row exists iff status = PROCESSING.
+  // Enforced at commit by the deferred constraint triggers
+  // "enforce_lease_status_on_*_trigger".
   lease                 InvestigationLease?
   openAiKeySource       InvestigationOpenAiKeySource?
   attempts              InvestigationAttempt[]
@@ -330,14 +361,14 @@ model Investigation {
   @@unique([postVersionId])
   @@index([parentInvestigationId])
   @@index([status])
+  @@index([origin, admittedAt])
 }
 
-// INV-LEASE: The existence of an InvestigationLease row means "this
-// investigation is PROCESSING and has an active lease holder". All fields
+// INV-LEASE: an InvestigationLease row exists iff its investigation is
+// PROCESSING (deferred constraint triggers check this at commit). All fields
 // are NOT NULL — structurally prevents partial lease states. The row is
-// deleted on every terminal transition (COMPLETE, FAILED) and on lease
-// release (transient failure → PENDING), so progressClaims is automatically
-// cleaned up without needing CLEARED_PROGRESS_CLAIMS sentinel values.
+// deleted on every transition out of PROCESSING (COMPLETE, FAILED, release to
+// PENDING, expired-lease recovery), so progressClaims is cleaned up with it.
 model InvestigationLease {
   investigationId String        @id
   investigation   Investigation @relation(fields: [investigationId], references: [id], onDelete: Cascade)
@@ -351,16 +382,26 @@ model InvestigationLease {
   @@index([leaseExpiresAt])
 }
 
+// Everything the worker feeds the investigator that could change after queue
+// time, captured once when the investigation is created so every attempt sees
+// the same input (SPEC §2.4.4, §2.12).
 model InvestigationInput {
-  investigationId         String   @id
-  investigation           Investigation? @relation("InvestigationInputOwner")
+  investigationId            String            @id
+  investigation              Investigation?    @relation("InvestigationInputOwner")
   // Immutable after insert; enforced by trigger "reject_investigation_input_updates_trigger".
-  provenance              ContentProvenance
-  contentHash             String
-  markdownSource          MarkdownSource
-  markdown                String? // null iff markdownSource = NONE
-  markdownRendererVersion String? // null iff markdownSource = NONE
-  createdAt               DateTime @default(now())
+  provenance                 ContentProvenance
+  contentHash                String
+  markdownSource             MarkdownSource
+  markdown                   String? // null iff markdownSource = NONE
+  markdownRendererVersion    String? // null iff markdownSource = NONE
+  // Source URL of the image behind each `[IMAGE:N]` placeholder in markdown,
+  // indexed by N. Empty when markdownSource = NONE.
+  imagePlaceholderSourceUrls String[]
+  postUrl                    String
+  authorName                 String?
+  postPublishedAt            DateTime?
+  hasVideo                   Boolean
+  createdAt                  DateTime          @default(now())
 }
 
 model InvestigationOpenAiKeySource {
@@ -402,63 +443,103 @@ model InvestigationImage {
   @@index([imageBlobId])
 }
 
+// One row per worker execution of an investigation (SPEC §2.12). Rows are
+// insert-only: attemptNumber strictly increases per investigation, so each
+// attempt's audit is written exactly once, at its terminal transition.
 model InvestigationAttempt {
-  id                      String                              @id @default(cuid())
-  investigationId         String
-  investigation           Investigation                       @relation(fields: [investigationId], references: [id], onDelete: Cascade)
-  attemptNumber           Int
-  outcome                 InvestigationAttemptOutcome
-  requestModel            String
-  requestInstructions     String
-  requestInput            String
-  requestReasoningEffort  String?
-  requestReasoningSummary String?
-  responseId              String?
-  responseStatus          String?
-  responseModelVersion    String?
-  responseOutputText      String?
-  startedAt               DateTime
-  completedAt             DateTime?
-  requestedTools          InvestigationAttemptRequestedTool[]
-  outputItems             InvestigationAttemptOutputItem[]
-  toolCalls               InvestigationAttemptToolCall[]
-  usage                   InvestigationAttemptUsage?
-  error                   InvestigationAttemptError?
-  createdAt               DateTime                            @default(now())
-  updatedAt               DateTime                            @updatedAt
+  id              String                        @id @default(cuid())
+  investigationId String
+  investigation   Investigation                 @relation(fields: [investigationId], references: [id], onDelete: Cascade)
+  attemptNumber   Int
+  outcome         InvestigationAttemptOutcome
+  startedAt       DateTime
+  completedAt     DateTime?
+  requests        InvestigationAttemptRequest[]
+  error           InvestigationAttemptError?
+  createdAt       DateTime                      @default(now())
+  updatedAt       DateTime                      @updatedAt
 
   @@unique([investigationId, attemptNumber])
   @@index([investigationId, startedAt])
 }
 
+// One provider request made during an attempt, exactly as sent.
+model InvestigationAttemptRequest {
+  id                 String                              @id @default(cuid())
+  attemptId          String
+  attempt            InvestigationAttempt                @relation(fields: [attemptId], references: [id], onDelete: Cascade)
+  kind               InvestigationAttemptRequestKind
+  // INV-ATTEMPT-REQUEST-SUBJECT: factCheckRound is set iff kind = FACT_CHECK_ROUND;
+  // claimIndex is set iff kind = CLAIM_VALIDATION.
+  // Enforced by CHECK constraint "InvestigationAttemptRequest_subject_check".
+  factCheckRound     Int?
+  claimIndex         Int?
+  model              String
+  instructions       String
+  // The request's `input` parameter. Image parts carry `imageContentHash`
+  // (ImageBlob.contentHash) in place of the inline data URI that was sent.
+  input              Json
+  previousResponseId String?
+  reasoningEffort    String?
+  reasoningSummary   String?
+  include            String[]
+  requestedTools     InvestigationAttemptRequestedTool[]
+  // Absent when the request failed before the provider returned a response.
+  response           InvestigationAttemptResponse?
+  createdAt          DateTime                            @default(now())
+
+  @@unique([attemptId, factCheckRound])
+  @@unique([attemptId, claimIndex])
+  @@index([attemptId])
+}
+
 model InvestigationAttemptRequestedTool {
-  id            String               @id @default(cuid())
-  attemptId     String
-  attempt       InvestigationAttempt @relation(fields: [attemptId], references: [id], onDelete: Cascade)
+  id            String                      @id @default(cuid())
+  requestId     String
+  request       InvestigationAttemptRequest @relation(fields: [requestId], references: [id], onDelete: Cascade)
   requestOrder  Int
   toolType      String
   rawDefinition Json
-  createdAt     DateTime             @default(now())
+  createdAt     DateTime                    @default(now())
 
-  @@unique([attemptId, requestOrder])
-  @@index([attemptId])
+  @@unique([requestId, requestOrder])
+  @@index([requestId])
+}
+
+model InvestigationAttemptResponse {
+  id                 String                           @id @default(cuid())
+  requestId          String                           @unique
+  request            InvestigationAttemptRequest      @relation(fields: [requestId], references: [id], onDelete: Cascade)
+  providerResponseId String
+  // Provider-reported response status; null when the provider omitted it
+  // (the attempt then fails).
+  status             String?
+  modelVersion       String
+  // When the response was received. Null only on LEGACY_COMBINED requests,
+  // which merged responses received at different times.
+  receivedAt         DateTime?
+  outputItems        InvestigationAttemptOutputItem[]
+  usage              InvestigationAttemptUsage?
+  createdAt          DateTime                         @default(now())
 }
 
 model InvestigationAttemptOutputItem {
   id                 String                                 @id @default(cuid())
-  attemptId          String
-  attempt            InvestigationAttempt                   @relation(fields: [attemptId], references: [id], onDelete: Cascade)
+  responseId         String
+  response           InvestigationAttemptResponse           @relation(fields: [responseId], references: [id], onDelete: Cascade)
   outputIndex        Int
   providerItemId     String?
   itemType           String
   itemStatus         String?
+  // Exactly one of the following is populated, by itemType: textParts for
+  // "message", reasoningSummaries for "reasoning", toolCall for anything else.
   textParts          InvestigationAttemptOutputTextPart[]
   reasoningSummaries InvestigationAttemptReasoningSummary[]
   toolCall           InvestigationAttemptToolCall?
   createdAt          DateTime                               @default(now())
 
-  @@unique([attemptId, outputIndex])
-  @@index([attemptId])
+  @@unique([responseId, outputIndex])
+  @@index([responseId])
 }
 
 model InvestigationAttemptOutputTextPart {
@@ -505,36 +586,24 @@ model InvestigationAttemptReasoningSummary {
 }
 
 model InvestigationAttemptToolCall {
-  id                  String                         @id @default(cuid())
-  attemptId           String
-  attempt             InvestigationAttempt           @relation(fields: [attemptId], references: [id], onDelete: Cascade)
-  outputItemId        String
-  outputItem          InvestigationAttemptOutputItem @relation(fields: [outputItemId], references: [id], onDelete: Cascade)
-  outputIndex         Int
-  providerToolCallId  String?
-  toolType            String
-  status              String?
-  rawPayload          Json
-  capturedAt          DateTime
-  providerStartedAt   DateTime?
-  providerCompletedAt DateTime?
-  createdAt           DateTime                       @default(now())
-
-  @@unique([attemptId, outputIndex])
-  @@unique([outputItemId])
-  @@index([attemptId])
+  id           String                         @id @default(cuid())
+  outputItemId String                         @unique
+  outputItem   InvestigationAttemptOutputItem @relation(fields: [outputItemId], references: [id], onDelete: Cascade)
+  // Full provider output item, as received.
+  rawPayload   Json
+  createdAt    DateTime                       @default(now())
 }
 
 model InvestigationAttemptUsage {
-  id                    String               @id @default(cuid())
-  attemptId             String               @unique
-  attempt               InvestigationAttempt @relation(fields: [attemptId], references: [id], onDelete: Cascade)
+  id                    String                       @id @default(cuid())
+  responseId            String                       @unique
+  response              InvestigationAttemptResponse @relation(fields: [responseId], references: [id], onDelete: Cascade)
   inputTokens           Int
   outputTokens          Int
   totalTokens           Int
   cachedInputTokens     Int?
   reasoningOutputTokens Int?
-  createdAt             DateTime             @default(now())
+  createdAt             DateTime                     @default(now())
 }
 
 model InvestigationAttemptError {
@@ -574,15 +643,12 @@ model Claim {
 }
 
 model Source {
-  id           String   @id @default(cuid())
-  claimId      String
-  claim        Claim    @relation(fields: [claimId], references: [id], onDelete: Cascade)
-  url          String
-  title        String
-  snippet      String
-  snapshotText String?
-  snapshotHash String?
-  retrievedAt  DateTime
+  id      String @id @default(cuid())
+  claimId String
+  claim   Claim  @relation(fields: [claimId], references: [id], onDelete: Cascade)
+  url     String
+  title   String
+  snippet String
 
   @@index([claimId])
 }
diff --git a/src/typescript/api/scripts/openai-live-smoke.ts b/src/typescript/api/scripts/openai-live-smoke.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d23ced8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/typescript/api/scripts/openai-live-smoke.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,249 @@
+/**
+ * Live smoke test of the investigation pipeline against the real OpenAI API.
+ * Spends real tokens; needs no database.
+ *
+ *   OPENAI_API_KEY=sk-... pnpm --filter @openerrata/api smoke:openai
+ *
+ * SMOKE_REASONING_SUMMARY=none|auto|concise|detailed overrides the reasoning
+ * summary setting for this run only, to check which values the model accepts
+ * before changing INVESTIGATION_REASONING_SUMMARY.
+ *
+ * Runs (a) the request probe the worker runs at startup and (b) one full
+ * investigation through OpenAIInvestigator of a short synthetic post with one
+ * false and one true checkable claim, then prints what came back.
+ */
+import "dotenv/config";
+import process from "node:process";
+import OpenAI, { APIError } from "openai";
+import type { Reasoning } from "openai/resources/shared";
+import { InvestigatorExecutionError } from "../src/lib/investigators/errors.js";
+import type {
+  InvestigatorInput,
+  InvestigatorRequestAudit,
+} from "../src/lib/investigators/interface.js";
+import { OpenAIInvestigator } from "../src/lib/investigators/openai.js";
+import { probeInvestigationRequest } from "../src/lib/investigators/openai-probe.js";
+import {
+  INVESTIGATION_REQUEST_CONFIG,
+  type InvestigationRequestConfig,
+} from "../src/lib/investigators/openai-request-config.js";
+
+// Plenty for a two-claim post; production uses OPENAI_MAX_RESPONSE_TOOL_ROUNDS.
+const SMOKE_MAX_TOOL_ROUNDS = 40;
+
+const SYNTHETIC_POST: InvestigatorInput = {
+  platform: "LESSWRONG",
+  url: "https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/smoke0test/notes-on-engineering-timelines",
+  authorName: "Smoke Test",
+  postPublishedAt: "2026-09-30T12:00:00.000Z",
+  contentText: [
+    "Notes on engineering timelines",
+    "People routinely underestimate how long large projects take, and the planning fallacy shows up even in famous megaprojects.",
+    "The Eiffel Tower, for example, was completed in 1925 after more than a decade of construction delays.",
+    "By contrast, the Empire State Building went up remarkably fast: it opened in 1931, barely over a year after construction began.",
+    "The lesson I take from this is to pad estimates generously when the work is novel.",
+  ].join("\n\n"),
+};
+
+type ReasoningSummarySetting = NonNullable<Reasoning["summary"]> | null;
+
+function parseReasoningSummaryOverride(value: string | undefined): ReasoningSummarySetting {
+  switch (value) {
+    case undefined:
+      return INVESTIGATION_REQUEST_CONFIG.reasoningSummary;
+    case "none":
+      return null;
+    case "auto":
+    case "concise":
+    case "detailed":
+      return value;
+    default:
+      throw new Error(
+        `SMOKE_REASONING_SUMMARY must be one of none|auto|concise|detailed (got "${value}")`,
+      );
+  }
+}
+
+function isOpenAiApiError(error: unknown): error is APIError {
+  return error instanceof APIError;
+}
+
+function describeError(error: unknown): string {
+  if (isOpenAiApiError(error)) {
+    return [
+      `${error.constructor.name}: HTTP ${error.status?.toString() ?? "(no status)"}`,
+      `request id: ${error.requestID ?? "(none)"}`,
+      `body: ${JSON.stringify(error.error, null, 2)}`,
+    ].join("\n");
+  }
+  if (error instanceof Error) {
+    return `${error.name}: ${error.message}${error.stack === undefined ? "" : `\n${error.stack}`}`;
+  }
+  return String(error);
+}
+
+function readValidationVerdict(request: InvestigatorRequestAudit): string {
+  if (request.response === null) return "no response (request failed)";
+  const text = request.response.outputItems
+    .flatMap((item) => (item.content.kind === "MESSAGE" ? item.content.textParts : []))
+    .map((part) => part.text)
+    .join("");
+  return text.length > 0 ? text : `no verdict text (status=${String(request.response.status)})`;
+}
+
+function summarizeRequests(requests: InvestigatorRequestAudit[]): void {
+  const responses = requests.flatMap((request) =>
+    request.response === null ? [] : [request.response],
+  );
+  console.log(
+    `\nProvider requests: ${requests.length.toString()} sent, ${responses.length.toString()} answered`,
+  );
+  for (const request of requests) {
+    const label =
+      request.subject.kind === "FACT_CHECK_ROUND"
+        ? `fact-check round ${request.subject.round.toString()}`
+        : `validation of claim ${request.subject.claimIndex.toString()}`;
+    const response = request.response;
+    console.log(
+      `  - ${label}: ${
+        response === null
+          ? "no response"
+          : `${response.providerResponseId} status=${String(response.status)} model=${response.modelVersion}`
+      }`,
+    );
+  }
+
+  const webSearches = responses.flatMap((response) =>
+    response.outputItems.flatMap((item) =>
+      item.itemType === "web_search_call" && item.content.kind === "TOOL_CALL"
+        ? [item.content.rawPayload]
+        : [],
+    ),
+  );
+  const sourceCount = webSearches
+    .map((payload) => {
+      const action = payload["action"];
+      const sources =
+        typeof action === "object" && action !== null && !Array.isArray(action)
+          ? action["sources"]
+          : undefined;
+      return Array.isArray(sources) ? sources.length : 0;
+    })
+    .reduce((total, count) => total + count, 0);
+  console.log(
+    `\nWeb search calls: ${webSearches.length.toString()}, sources returned: ${sourceCount.toString()}`,
+  );
+
+  const summaries = responses.flatMap((response) =>
+    response.outputItems.flatMap((item) =>
+      item.content.kind === "REASONING" ? item.content.summaries : [],
+    ),
+  );
+  const reasoningItemCount = responses
+    .flatMap((response) => response.outputItems)
+    .filter((item) => item.content.kind === "REASONING").length;
+  console.log(
+    `Reasoning summaries: ${summaries.length > 0 ? "yes" : "no"} (${summaries.length.toString()} summary parts across ${reasoningItemCount.toString()} reasoning items)`,
+  );
+  const [firstSummary] = summaries;
+  if (firstSummary !== undefined) {
+    console.log(`  first summary: ${firstSummary.slice(0, 300)}`);
+  }
+
+  console.log("\nClaim validations:");
+  const validations = requests.filter((request) => request.subject.kind === "CLAIM_VALIDATION");
+  if (validations.length === 0) console.log("  (none — no claims were submitted)");
+  for (const validation of validations) {
+    const claimIndex =
+      validation.subject.kind === "CLAIM_VALIDATION" ? validation.subject.claimIndex : -1;
+    console.log(`  - claim ${claimIndex.toString()}: ${readValidationVerdict(validation)}`);
+  }
+
+  const usages = responses.map((response) => response.usage);
+  const totals = usages.every((usage) => usage !== null)
+    ? usages.reduce(
+        (sum, usage) => ({
+          input: sum.input + usage.inputTokens,
+          cached: sum.cached + usage.cachedInputTokens,
+          output: sum.output + usage.outputTokens,
+          reasoning: sum.reasoning + usage.reasoningOutputTokens,
+          total: sum.total + usage.totalTokens,
+        }),
+        { input: 0, cached: 0, output: 0, reasoning: 0, total: 0 },
+      )
+    : null;
+  console.log(
+    totals === null
+      ? "\nToken usage: unknown (a response reported no usage)"
+      : `\nToken usage: input=${totals.input.toString()} (cached ${totals.cached.toString()}), output=${totals.output.toString()} (reasoning ${totals.reasoning.toString()}), total=${totals.total.toString()}`,
+  );
+}
+
+async function main(): Promise<boolean> {
+  const requestConfig: InvestigationRequestConfig = {
+    ...INVESTIGATION_REQUEST_CONFIG,
+    reasoningSummary: parseReasoningSummaryOverride(process.env["SMOKE_REASONING_SUMMARY"]),
+  };
+  const apiKey = process.env["OPENAI_API_KEY"]?.trim();
+  if (apiKey === undefined || apiKey.length === 0) {
+    console.error("OPENAI_API_KEY is required (set it in the environment or api/.env).");
+    return false;
+  }
+  console.log(
+    `Model ${requestConfig.model}, reasoning effort=${requestConfig.reasoningEffort}, summary=${String(requestConfig.reasoningSummary)}, include=${requestConfig.include.join(",")}`,
+  );
+  const client = new OpenAI({ apiKey });
+
+  console.log("\n(a) Request probe");
+  try {
+    await probeInvestigationRequest(client, requestConfig);
+    console.log("  accepted");
+  } catch (error) {
+    console.log(`  REJECTED\n${describeError(error)}`);
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  console.log("\n(b) Full investigation of a synthetic post");
+  const investigator = new OpenAIInvestigator({
+    client,
+    requestConfig,
+    maxToolRounds: SMOKE_MAX_TOOL_ROUNDS,
+  });
+  const startedAt = Date.now();
+  try {
+    const output = await investigator.investigate(SYNTHETIC_POST, {
+      signal: new AbortController().signal,
+    });
+    console.log(
+      `  completed in ${((Date.now() - startedAt) / 1000).toFixed(1)}s; model=${output.model}, modelVersion=${output.modelVersion}`,
+    );
+    summarizeRequests(output.attemptAudit.requests);
+    console.log(`\nConfirmed claims: ${output.result.claims.length.toString()}`);
+    for (const claim of output.result.claims) {
+      console.log(`  - "${claim.text}"\n    ${claim.summary}`);
+      for (const source of claim.sources) {
+        console.log(`    source: ${source.url} (${source.title})`);
+      }
+    }
+    return true;
+  } catch (error) {
+    console.log(`  FAILED after ${((Date.now() - startedAt) / 1000).toFixed(1)}s`);
+    if (error instanceof InvestigatorExecutionError) {
+      console.log(`  ${error.message}\n${describeError(error.cause)}`);
+      summarizeRequests(error.attemptAudit.requests);
+    } else {
+      console.log(describeError(error));
+    }
+    return false;
+  }
+}
+
+main().then(
+  (passed) => {
+    process.exit(passed ? 0 : 1);
+  },
+  (error: unknown) => {
+    console.error(describeError(error));
+    process.exit(1);
+  },
+);
diff --git a/src/typescript/api/src/lib/config/env.ts b/src/typescript/api/src/lib/config/env.ts
index 7488e16..7ceab71 100644
--- a/src/typescript/api/src/lib/config/env.ts
+++ b/src/typescript/api/src/lib/config/env.ts
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ import { z } from "zod";
  * the API changes in a way that breaks older extensions, bump this constant
  * alongside that change.
  */
-export const MINIMUM_SUPPORTED_EXTENSION_VERSION = "0.2.0";
+export const MINIMUM_SUPPORTED_EXTENSION_VERSION = "0.4.0";
 
 const positiveIntegerFromEnv = z.preprocess((value) => {
   if (value === undefined || value === null || value === "") return undefined;
@@ -42,16 +42,14 @@ const baseEnvironmentSchema = z.object({
       "DATABASE_URL must use postgres:// or postgresql://",
     ),
   OPENAI_API_KEY: z.string().trim().min(1).optional(),
-  OPENAI_MODEL_ID: z.string().trim().min(1).default("gpt-5.4-thinking"),
-  OPENAI_MAX_RESPONSE_TOOL_ROUNDS: positiveIntegerFromEnv.default(150),
-  WORKER_CONCURRENCY: positiveIntegerFromEnv.default(250),
-  HMAC_SECRET: z.string().trim().min(1, "HMAC_SECRET is required"),
-  SELECTOR_BUDGET: positiveIntegerFromEnv.default(100),
-  IP_RANGE_CREDIT_CAP: positiveIntegerFromEnv.default(10),
+  OPENAI_MAX_RESPONSE_TOOL_ROUNDS: positiveIntegerFromEnv,
+  WORKER_CONCURRENCY: positiveIntegerFromEnv,
+  /** Maximum investigations the selector admits per UTC day. */
+  SELECTOR_DAILY_BUDGET: positiveIntegerFromEnv,
+  IP_RANGE_CREDIT_CAP: positiveIntegerFromEnv,
   BLOB_STORAGE_BUCKET: requiredNonEmptyStringFromEnv,
   BLOB_STORAGE_ACCESS_KEY_ID: requiredNonEmptyStringFromEnv,
   BLOB_STORAGE_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY: requiredNonEmptyStringFromEnv,
-  BLOB_STORAGE_PUBLIC_URL_PREFIX: requiredNonEmptyStringFromEnv,
   DATABASE_ENCRYPTION_KEY: requiredNonEmptyStringFromEnv,
   DATABASE_ENCRYPTION_KEY_ID: optionalNonEmptyStringFromEnv.default("primary"),
 });
diff --git a/src/typescript/api/src/lib/config/runtime.ts b/src/typescript/api/src/lib/config/runtime.ts
index bc51d69..eef0847 100644
--- a/src/typescript/api/src/lib/config/runtime.ts
+++ b/src/typescript/api/src/lib/config/runtime.ts
@@ -1,7 +1,8 @@
 import { getEnv } from "./env.js";
 
-export function getSelectorBudget(): number {
-  return getEnv().SELECTOR_BUDGET;
+/** Maximum SELECTOR admissions per UTC day (SPEC §2.10). */
+export function getSelectorDailyBudget(): number {
+  return getEnv().SELECTOR_DAILY_BUDGET;
 }
 
 export function getIpRangeCreditCap(): number {
diff --git a/src/typescript/api/src/lib/config/startup.ts b/src/typescript/api/src/lib/config/startup.ts
index aa48a72..f0e80bd 100644
--- a/src/typescript/api/src/lib/config/startup.ts
+++ b/src/typescript/api/src/lib/config/startup.ts
@@ -1,18 +1,21 @@
 import OpenAI from "openai";
 import { getPrisma } from "$lib/db/client";
-import { requireOpenAiApiKey } from "./env.js";
+import { INVESTIGATION_REQUEST_CONFIG } from "$lib/investigators/openai-request-config.js";
+import { probeInvestigationRequest } from "$lib/investigators/openai-probe.js";
+import { getEnv, requireOpenAiApiKey } from "./env.js";
 
 type StartupComponent = "api" | "worker" | "selector";
 
 interface StartupCheckPolicy {
   checkDatabase: boolean;
   checkOpenAiCredentials: boolean;
+  checkClientAddressSource: boolean;
 }
 
 const startupCheckPolicyByComponent: Record<StartupComponent, StartupCheckPolicy> = {
-  api: { checkDatabase: true, checkOpenAiCredentials: false },
-  selector: { checkDatabase: true, checkOpenAiCredentials: false },
-  worker: { checkDatabase: true, checkOpenAiCredentials: true },
+  api: { checkDatabase: true, checkOpenAiCredentials: false, checkClientAddressSource: true },
+  selector: { checkDatabase: true, checkOpenAiCredentials: false, checkClientAddressSource: false },
+  worker: { checkDatabase: true, checkOpenAiCredentials: true, checkClientAddressSource: false },
 };
 
 const startupCheckPromises = new Map<string, Promise<void>>();
@@ -22,9 +25,35 @@ function startupCheckKey(component: StartupComponent, policy: StartupCheckPolicy
     component,
     policy.checkDatabase ? "db:1" : "db:0",
     policy.checkOpenAiCredentials ? "openai:1" : "openai:0",
+    policy.checkClientAddressSource ? "client-address:1" : "client-address:0",
   ].join("|");
 }
 
+/**
+ * In production the API runs behind the chart's ingress proxy, so the socket
+ * peer is the proxy, not the viewer. adapter-node must be told which header
+ * carries the client address (ADDRESS_HEADER, plus XFF_DEPTH for
+ * X-Forwarded-For); without it every anonymous viewer shares the proxy's IP
+ * range and the per-range view-credit cap (SPEC §2.10) collapses selector
+ * ranking. Exported for unit tests.
+ */
+export function assertClientAddressSourceConfigured(env: NodeJS.ProcessEnv): void {
+  const addressHeader = env["ADDRESS_HEADER"]?.trim().toLowerCase() ?? "";
+  if (addressHeader.length === 0) {
+    throw new Error(
+      "ADDRESS_HEADER must name the proxy header carrying the client IP (e.g. x-forwarded-for) when NODE_ENV=production",
+    );
+  }
+  if (addressHeader === "x-forwarded-for") {
+    const xffDepth = env["XFF_DEPTH"]?.trim() ?? "";
+    if (!/^[1-9]\d*$/.test(xffDepth)) {
+      throw new Error(
+        "XFF_DEPTH must be set to the number of trusted proxies in front of the API when ADDRESS_HEADER=x-forwarded-for",
+      );
+    }
+  }
+}
+
 async function assertDatabaseCredentials(component: StartupComponent): Promise<void> {
   try {
     await getPrisma().$queryRaw`SELECT 1`;
@@ -35,8 +64,12 @@ async function assertDatabaseCredentials(component: StartupComponent): Promise<v
 
 async function assertOpenAiCredentials(component: StartupComponent): Promise<void> {
   try {
-    const client = new OpenAI({ apiKey: requireOpenAiApiKey() });
-    await client.models.list();
+    // Probes the investigation request shape, not just the key, so a model or
+    // request-parameter mismatch stops the worker before it fails every job.
+    await probeInvestigationRequest(
+      new OpenAI({ apiKey: requireOpenAiApiKey() }),
+      INVESTIGATION_REQUEST_CONFIG,
+    );
   } catch (error) {
     throw new Error(`[startup:${component}] OpenAI credential check failed`, { cause: error });
   }
@@ -48,6 +81,9 @@ export async function runStartupChecks(component: StartupComponent): Promise<voi
   let startupPromise = startupCheckPromises.get(key);
   if (!startupPromise) {
     startupPromise = (async () => {
+      if (policy.checkClientAddressSource && getEnv().NODE_ENV === "production") {
+        assertClientAddressSourceConfigured(process.env);
+      }
       if (policy.checkDatabase) {
         await assertDatabaseCredentials(component);
       }
diff --git a/src/typescript/api/src/lib/date.ts b/src/typescript/api/src/lib/date.ts
index 6ecb2e3..cad77b6 100644
--- a/src/typescript/api/src/lib/date.ts
+++ b/src/typescript/api/src/lib/date.ts
@@ -18,3 +18,10 @@ export function toOptionalDate(
   }
   return parsed;
 }
+
+/** Midnight UTC at the start of the day containing `date`. */
+export function startOfUtcDay(date: Date): Date {
+  const dayStart = new Date(date);
+  dayStart.setUTCHours(0, 0, 0, 0);
+  return dayStart;
+}
diff --git a/src/typescript/api/src/lib/db/client.ts b/src/typescript/api/src/lib/db/client.ts
index 7c92018..5925bab 100644
--- a/src/typescript/api/src/lib/db/client.ts
+++ b/src/typescript/api/src/lib/db/client.ts
@@ -1,12 +1,15 @@
 import "./prisma-enum-compat.js";
 import { PrismaPg } from "@prisma/adapter-pg";
 import { normalizePgConnectionStringForNode } from "$lib/db/connection-string.js";
-import { PrismaClient } from "$lib/db/prisma-client";
+import { PrismaClient, type Prisma } from "$lib/db/prisma-client";
 import { getEnv } from "$lib/config/env.js";
 import { Pool } from "pg";
 
 export type { PrismaClient } from "$lib/db/prisma-client";
 
+/** Either the root client or an interactive-transaction client. */
+export type DbClient = PrismaClient | Prisma.TransactionClient;
+
 declare global {
   // Reused across HMR reloads in development.
   var __openerrataPrisma: PrismaClient | undefined;
diff --git a/src/typescript/api/src/lib/db/prisma-enum-compat.ts b/src/typescript/api/src/lib/db/prisma-enum-compat.ts
index 1cc65fd..f4055e5 100644
--- a/src/typescript/api/src/lib/db/prisma-enum-compat.ts
+++ b/src/typescript/api/src/lib/db/prisma-enum-compat.ts
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 import type {
   CheckStatus as PrismaCheckStatus,
   ContentProvenance as PrismaContentProvenance,
-  InvestigationModel as PrismaInvestigationModel,
   InvestigationProvider as PrismaInvestigationProvider,
   MarkdownSource as PrismaMarkdownSource,
   Platform as PrismaPlatform,
@@ -9,7 +8,6 @@ import type {
 import type {
   CheckStatus as SharedCheckStatus,
   ContentProvenance as SharedContentProvenance,
-  InvestigationModel as SharedInvestigationModel,
   InvestigationProvider as SharedInvestigationProvider,
   MarkdownSource as SharedMarkdownSource,
   Platform as SharedPlatform,
@@ -21,13 +19,11 @@ const platformTypesMatch: IsExactly<SharedPlatform, PrismaPlatform> = true;
 const statusTypesMatch: IsExactly<SharedCheckStatus, PrismaCheckStatus> = true;
 const providerTypesMatch: IsExactly<SharedInvestigationProvider, PrismaInvestigationProvider> =
   true;
-const modelTypesMatch: IsExactly<SharedInvestigationModel, PrismaInvestigationModel> = true;
 const provenanceTypesMatch: IsExactly<SharedContentProvenance, PrismaContentProvenance> = true;
 const markdownSourceTypesMatch: IsExactly<SharedMarkdownSource, PrismaMarkdownSource> = true;
 
 void platformTypesMatch;
 void statusTypesMatch;
 void providerTypesMatch;
-void modelTypesMatch;
 void provenanceTypesMatch;
 void markdownSourceTypesMatch;
diff --git a/src/typescript/api/src/lib/graphql/public-schema.ts b/src/typescript/api/src/lib/graphql/public-schema.ts
index 3f20ff8..3b98e10 100644
--- a/src/typescript/api/src/lib/graphql/public-schema.ts
+++ b/src/typescript/api/src/lib/graphql/public-schema.ts
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ const typeDefs = /* GraphQL */ `
     """
     provider: String!
     """
-    LLM model used (e.g. "GPT4O").
+    Provider model id the investigation ran on (e.g. "gpt-6.1-sol").
     """
     model: String!
   }
@@ -282,9 +282,9 @@ const typeDefs = /* GraphQL */ `
     """
     investigatedPostsWithFlags: Int!
     """
-    Ratio of posts with flags to total investigated posts (investigatedPostsWithFlags / totalInvestigatedPosts).
+    Ratio of posts with flags to total investigated posts (investigatedPostsWithFlags / totalInvestigatedPosts). Null when no posts match the filter.
     """
-    factCheckIncidence: Float!
+    factCheckIncidence: Float
   }
 
   type Query {
diff --git a/src/typescript/api/src/lib/investigators/errors.ts b/src/typescript/api/src/lib/investigators/errors.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a181488
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/typescript/api/src/lib/investigators/errors.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+import type { InvestigatorFailedAttemptAudit } from "./interface.js";
+
+/**
+ * An investigation attempt failed after making provider requests. Carries the
+ * attempt's audit so it can be persisted (SPEC §2.12); `cause` is the failure
+ * the orchestrator classifies for retry (SPEC §3.7).
+ */
+export class InvestigatorExecutionError extends Error {
+  readonly attemptAudit: InvestigatorFailedAttemptAudit;
+
+  constructor(message: string, attemptAudit: InvestigatorFailedAttemptAudit, cause: unknown) {
+    super(message, { cause });
+    this.name = "InvestigatorExecutionError";
+    this.attemptAudit = attemptAudit;
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * The provider returned output that is well-formed but unusable by the
+ * pipeline (e.g. unparseable validation verdict, tool-round limit exceeded).
+ * Deterministic for a given input, so non-retryable.
+ */
+export class InvestigatorStructuredOutputError extends Error {
+  constructor(message: string) {
+    super(message);
+    this.name = "InvestigatorStructuredOutputError";
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * A provider response ended with a status other than "completed" (or with no
+ * status at all). SPEC §3.7 classes truncated/incomplete output as PARTIAL:
+ * the investigation is marked FAILED, not retried.
+ */
+export class InvestigatorIncompleteResponseError extends Error {
+  readonly responseStatus: string | null;
+  readonly responseId: string;
+  readonly incompleteReason: string | null;
+
+  constructor(input: {
+    responseStatus: string | null;
+    responseId: string;
+    incompleteReason: string | null;
+  }) {
+    super(
+      "OpenAI response did not complete " +
+        `(status=${input.responseStatus ?? "missing"}, reason=${input.incompleteReason ?? "none"}, responseId=${input.responseId})`,
+    );
+    this.name = "InvestigatorIncompleteResponseError";
+    this.responseStatus = input.responseStatus;
+    this.responseId = input.responseId;
+    this.incompleteReason = input.incompleteReason;
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * The investigator was called with input that violates its contract (a caller
+ * bug, e.g. inconsistent image occurrences). Non-retryable: the same input
+ * fails the same way.
+ */
+export class InvestigatorInputError extends Error {
+  constructor(message: string) {
+    super(message);
+    this.name = "InvestigatorInputError";
+  }
+}
diff --git a/src/typescript/api/src/lib/investigators/fetch-url-tool.ts b/src/typescript/api/src/lib/investigators/fetch-url-tool.ts
index c0c5ff5..bbb5308 100644
--- a/src/typescript/api/src/lib/investigators/fetch-url-tool.ts
+++ b/src/typescript/api/src/lib/investigators/fetch-url-tool.ts
@@ -1,21 +1,14 @@
-import { normalizeContent } from "@openerrata/shared";
+import { httpUrlSchema, normalizeContent } from "@openerrata/shared";
 import { decodeHTML } from "entities";
 import { z } from "zod";
-import { isBlockedHost } from "$lib/network/host-safety.js";
-import { isRedirectStatus } from "$lib/network/http-status.js";
+import { fetchPublicHttp, readBodyPrefix } from "$lib/network/public-http-fetch.js";
 
 const MAX_FETCH_URL_BYTES = 1_000_000;
 const MAX_FETCH_URL_TEXT_LENGTH = 20_000;
 const FETCH_URL_TIMEOUT_MS = 15_000;
-const MAX_REDIRECT_HOPS = 5;
 
 const fetchUrlToolArgumentsSchema = z.object({
-  url: z.preprocess(
-    (value) => (typeof value === "string" ? value.trim() : value),
-    z
-      .url("url must be a valid URL")
-      .refine((value) => /^https?:\/\//i.test(value), "url must use http:// or https://"),
-  ),
+  url: z.preprocess((value) => (typeof value === "string" ? value.trim() : value), httpUrlSchema),
 });
 
 interface FetchUrlToolSuccess {
@@ -103,10 +96,6 @@ function parseContentType(contentTypeHeader: string | null): string {
   return contentTypeHeader.split(";")[0]?.trim().toLowerCase() ?? "";
 }
 
-function hasEmbeddedCredentials(url: URL): boolean {
-  return url.username.length > 0 || url.password.length > 0;
-}
-
 function extractContentText(
   contentType: string,
   rawBody: string,
@@ -142,7 +131,16 @@ function extractContentText(
   };
 }
 
-export async function executeFetchUrlTool(rawArguments: string): Promise<FetchUrlToolOutput> {
+/**
+ * Run the `fetch_url` tool: GET a public URL chosen by the model and return
+ * its normalized text. Untrusted URLs go through the SSRF-safe public fetcher;
+ * bodies are read up to MAX_FETCH_URL_BYTES. Aborting `signal` (e.g. the run
+ * lost its lease) aborts the request.
+ */
+export async function executeFetchUrlTool(
+  rawArguments: string,
+  signal: AbortSignal,
+): Promise<FetchUrlToolOutput> {
   let parsedArguments: z.infer<typeof fetchUrlToolArgumentsSchema>;
   try {
     parsedArguments = fetchUrlToolArgumentsSchema.parse(JSON.parse(rawArguments));
@@ -157,140 +155,37 @@ export async function executeFetchUrlTool(rawArguments: string): Promise<FetchUr
 
   const requestedUrl = parsedArguments.url;
 
-  let parsedUrl: URL;
-  try {
-    parsedUrl = new URL(requestedUrl);
-  } catch {
-    return {
-      ok: false,
-      errorKind: "FETCH_FAILED",
-      requestedUrl,
-      error: "Invalid URL",
-    };
-  }
-
-  if (hasEmbeddedCredentials(parsedUrl)) {
-    return {
-      ok: false,
-      errorKind: "FETCH_FAILED",
-      requestedUrl,
-      error: "URLs with embedded credentials are not allowed",
-    };
-  }
-
   try {
-    let currentUrl = parsedUrl;
-    let response: Response | null = null;
-
-    for (let redirectHop = 0; redirectHop <= MAX_REDIRECT_HOPS; redirectHop += 1) {
-      if (currentUrl.protocol !== "http:" && currentUrl.protocol !== "https:") {
-        return {
-          ok: false,
-          errorKind: "FETCH_FAILED",
-          requestedUrl,
-          error: "Only HTTP(S) URLs are allowed",
-        };
-      }
-
-      const blockedHost = await isBlockedHost(currentUrl.hostname);
-      if (blockedHost) {
-        return {
-          ok: false,
-          errorKind: "FETCH_FAILED",
-          requestedUrl,
-          error: "Blocked host",
-        };
-      }
-
-      const currentResponse = await fetch(currentUrl, {
-        method: "GET",
-        redirect: "manual",
-        signal: AbortSignal.timeout(FETCH_URL_TIMEOUT_MS),
-        headers: {
-          "User-Agent": "OpenErrataInvestigator/1.0 (+https://openerrata.com)",
-          Accept: "text/html,application/json,text/plain;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.5",
-        },
-      });
-
-      if (isRedirectStatus(currentResponse.status)) {
-        const location = currentResponse.headers.get("location");
-        if (location === null || location.length === 0) {
-          return {
-            ok: false,
-            errorKind: "FETCH_FAILED",
-            requestedUrl,
-            error: "Redirect response missing Location header",
-          };
-        }
-
-        const redirectedUrl = new URL(location, currentUrl);
-        if (hasEmbeddedCredentials(redirectedUrl)) {
-          return {
-            ok: false,
-            errorKind: "FETCH_FAILED",
-            requestedUrl,
-            error: "Redirected URL contains embedded credentials",
-          };
-        }
-        currentUrl = redirectedUrl;
-        continue;
-      }
-
-      // Re-validate after request to reduce DNS-rebinding exposure windows.
-      const becameBlocked = await isBlockedHost(currentUrl.hostname);
-      if (becameBlocked) {
-        return {
-          ok: false,
-          errorKind: "FETCH_FAILED",
-          requestedUrl,
-          error: "Blocked host",
-        };
-      }
-
-      response = currentResponse;
-      break;
-    }
-
-    if (!response) {
-      return {
-        ok: false,
-        errorKind: "FETCH_FAILED",
-        requestedUrl,
-        error: "Too many redirects",
-      };
-    }
-
-    const contentLengthHeader = response.headers.get("content-length");
-    if (contentLengthHeader !== null && contentLengthHeader.length > 0) {
-      const contentLength = Number.parseInt(contentLengthHeader, 10);
-      if (Number.isFinite(contentLength) && contentLength > MAX_FETCH_URL_BYTES) {
-        return {
-          ok: false,
-          errorKind: "FETCH_FAILED",
-          requestedUrl,
-          error: `Response too large (${contentLength.toString()} bytes)`,
-        };
-      }
-    }
+    const { finalUrl, response } = await fetchPublicHttp({
+      url: new URL(requestedUrl),
+      headers: {
+        "User-Agent": "OpenErrataInvestigator/1.0 (+https://openerrata.com)",
+        Accept: "text/html,application/json,text/plain;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.5",
+      },
+      signal: AbortSignal.any([signal, AbortSignal.timeout(FETCH_URL_TIMEOUT_MS)]),
+    });
 
-    const rawBody = await response.text();
-    const byteTruncation = truncateUtf8(rawBody, MAX_FETCH_URL_BYTES);
+    const body = await readBodyPrefix(response, MAX_FETCH_URL_BYTES);
+    const rawBody = new TextDecoder().decode(body.bytes);
     const normalizedContentType = parseContentType(response.headers.get("content-type"));
-    const extracted = extractContentText(normalizedContentType, byteTruncation.value);
+    const extracted = extractContentText(normalizedContentType, rawBody);
     const textTruncation = truncateUtf8(extracted.contentText, MAX_FETCH_URL_TEXT_LENGTH);
 
     return {
       ok: true,
       requestedUrl,
-      finalUrl: currentUrl.toString(),
+      finalUrl: finalUrl.toString(),
       status: response.status,
       contentType: normalizedContentType.length > 0 ? normalizedContentType : null,
       title: extracted.title,
       contentText: textTruncation.value,
-      truncated: byteTruncation.truncated || textTruncation.truncated,
+      truncated: body.truncated || textTruncation.truncated,
       retrievedAt: new Date().toISOString(),
     };
   } catch (error) {
+    if (signal.aborted) {
+      throw error;
+    }
     return {
       ok: false,
       errorKind: "FETCH_FAILED",
diff --git a/src/typescript/api/src/lib/investigators/interface.ts b/src/typescript/api/src/lib/investigators/interface.ts
index d6458de..3633098 100644
--- a/src/typescript/api/src/lib/investigators/interface.ts
+++ b/src/typescript/api/src/lib/investigators/interface.ts
@@ -1,13 +1,4 @@
-import { z } from "zod";
-import type {
-  InvestigationModel,
-  InvestigationProvider,
-  InvestigationResult,
-  InvestigationClaim,
-  Platform,
-} from "@openerrata/shared";
-
-const isoDateTimeSchema = z.iso.datetime();
+import type { InvestigationClaim, InvestigationResult, Platform } from "@openerrata/shared";
 
 export type InvestigatorJsonValue =
   | string
@@ -17,20 +8,7 @@ export type InvestigatorJsonValue =
   | InvestigatorJsonValue[]
   | { [key: string]: InvestigatorJsonValue };
 
-const investigatorJsonValueSchema: z.ZodType<InvestigatorJsonValue> = z.lazy(() =>
-  z.union([
-    z.string(),
-    z.number(),
-    z.boolean(),
-    z.null(),
-    z.array(investigatorJsonValueSchema),
-    z.record(z.string(), investigatorJsonValueSchema),
-  ]),
-);
-const investigatorJsonRecordSchema: z.ZodType<Record<string, InvestigatorJsonValue>> = z.record(
-  z.string(),
-  investigatorJsonValueSchema,
-);
+export type InvestigatorJsonRecord = Record<string, InvestigatorJsonValue>;
 
 export type InvestigatorImageOccurrence =
   | {
@@ -86,154 +64,116 @@ export type InvestigatorInput =
       oldClaims: InvestigationClaim[];
     });
 
-export const investigatorRequestedToolAuditSchema = z.object({
-  requestOrder: z.number().int().nonnegative(),
-  toolType: z.string().min(1),
-  rawDefinition: investigatorJsonRecordSchema,
-});
+// ── Attempt audit (SPEC §2.12) ──────────────────────────────────────────────
+// Mirrors the persisted tree: InvestigationAttempt → InvestigationAttemptRequest
+// (one per provider request) → InvestigationAttemptResponse → output items.
+// Every positional index (request order of tools, output index, part index,
+// annotation index, summary index) is the element's position in its array.
 
-export const investigatorOutputItemAuditSchema = z
-  .object({
-    outputIndex: z.number().int().nonnegative(),
-    providerItemId: z.string().nullable(),
-    itemType: z.string().min(1),
-    itemStatus: z.string().nullable(),
-  })
-  .superRefine((audit, context) => {
-    const providerItemIdMissing = audit.providerItemId === null;
-    const itemStatusMissing = audit.itemStatus === null;
-    if (providerItemIdMissing !== itemStatusMissing) {
-      context.addIssue({
-        code: "custom",
-        path: ["providerItemId"],
-        message: "providerItemId and itemStatus must be either both present or both null",
-      });
-    }
-  });
+/** Which provider request of the attempt this was. */
+export type InvestigatorRequestSubject =
+  | { kind: "FACT_CHECK_ROUND"; round: number }
+  | { kind: "CLAIM_VALIDATION"; claimIndex: number };
 
-export const investigatorOutputTextPartAuditSchema = z.object({
-  outputIndex: z.number().int().nonnegative(),
-  partIndex: z.number().int().nonnegative(),
-  partType: z.string().min(1),
-  text: z.string(),
-});
+export interface InvestigatorRequestedToolAudit {
+  toolType: string;
+  rawDefinition: InvestigatorJsonRecord;
+}
 
-export const investigatorOutputTextAnnotationAuditSchema = z.object({
-  outputIndex: z.number().int().nonnegative(),
-  partIndex: z.number().int().nonnegative(),
-  annotationIndex: z.number().int().nonnegative(),
-  annotationType: z.string().min(1),
-  characterPosition: z
-    .object({
-      start: z.number().int(),
-      end: z.number().int(),
-    })
-    .optional(),
-  url: z.string().nullable(),
-  title: z.string().nullable(),
-  fileId: z.string().nullable(),
-});
+export interface InvestigatorOutputTextAnnotationAudit {
+  annotationType: string;
+  startIndex: number | null;
+  endIndex: number | null;
+  url: string | null;
+  title: string | null;
+  fileId: string | null;
+}
 
-export const investigatorReasoningSummaryAuditSchema = z.object({
-  outputIndex: z.number().int().nonnegative(),
-  summaryIndex: z.number().int().nonnegative(),
-  text: z.string(),
-});
+export interface InvestigatorOutputTextPartAudit {
+  partType: "output_text" | "refusal";
+  text: string;
+  annotations: InvestigatorOutputTextAnnotationAudit[];
+}
 
-export const investigatorToolCallAuditSchema = z
-  .object({
-    outputIndex: z.number().int().nonnegative(),
-    providerToolCallId: z.string().nullable(),
-    toolType: z.string().min(1),
-    status: z.string().nullable(),
-    rawPayload: investigatorJsonRecordSchema,
-    capturedAt: isoDateTimeSchema,
-    providerStartedAt: isoDateTimeSchema.nullable(),
-    providerCompletedAt: isoDateTimeSchema.nullable(),
-  })
-  .superRefine((toolCall, context) => {
-    const providerToolCallIdMissing = toolCall.providerToolCallId === null;
-    const statusMissing = toolCall.status === null;
-    if (providerToolCallIdMissing !== statusMissing) {
-      context.addIssue({
-        code: "custom",
-        path: ["providerToolCallId"],
-        message: "providerToolCallId and status must be either both present or both null",
-      });
-    }
-  });
+export type InvestigatorOutputItemContentAudit =
+  | { kind: "MESSAGE"; textParts: InvestigatorOutputTextPartAudit[] }
+  | { kind: "REASONING"; summaries: string[] }
+  | {
+      kind: "TOOL_CALL";
+      /** Full provider output item, as received. */
+      rawPayload: InvestigatorJsonRecord;
+    };
+
+export interface InvestigatorOutputItemAudit {
+  providerItemId: string | null;
+  itemType: string;
+  itemStatus: string | null;
+  content: InvestigatorOutputItemContentAudit;
+}
 
-export const investigatorUsageAuditSchema = z.object({
-  inputTokens: z.number().int().nonnegative(),
-  outputTokens: z.number().int().nonnegative(),
-  totalTokens: z.number().int().nonnegative(),
-  cachedInputTokens: z.number().int().nonnegative().nullable(),
-  reasoningOutputTokens: z.number().int().nonnegative().nullable(),
-});
+export interface InvestigatorUsageAudit {
+  inputTokens: number;
+  outputTokens: number;
+  totalTokens: number;
+  cachedInputTokens: number;
+  reasoningOutputTokens: number;
+}
 
-export const investigatorResponseAuditSchema = z.object({
-  responseId: z.string().nullable(),
-  responseStatus: z.string().nullable(),
-  responseModelVersion: z.string().nullable(),
-  responseOutputText: z.string().nullable(),
-  outputItems: z.array(investigatorOutputItemAuditSchema),
-  outputTextParts: z.array(investigatorOutputTextPartAuditSchema),
-  outputTextAnnotations: z.array(investigatorOutputTextAnnotationAuditSchema),
-  reasoningSummaries: z.array(investigatorReasoningSummaryAuditSchema),
-  toolCalls: z.array(investigatorToolCallAuditSchema),
-  usage: investigatorUsageAuditSchema.nullable(),
-});
+export interface InvestigatorResponseAudit {
+  providerResponseId: string;
+  /** Provider-reported status; null when the provider omitted it. */
+  status: string | null;
+  modelVersion: string;
+  receivedAt: Date;
+  outputItems: InvestigatorOutputItemAudit[];
+  usage: InvestigatorUsageAudit | null;
+}
 
-export const investigatorErrorAuditSchema = z.object({
-  errorName: z.string().min(1),
-  errorMessage: z.string(),
-  statusCode: z.number().int().nullable(),
-});
+export interface InvestigatorRequestAudit {
+  subject: InvestigatorRequestSubject;
+  model: string;
+  instructions: string;
+  /**
+   * The request's `input` parameter as sent, except that image parts carry
+   * `imageContentHash` (the stored ImageBlob's content hash) instead of the
+   * inline data URI.
+   */
+  input: string | InvestigatorJsonRecord[];
+  previousResponseId: string | null;
+  reasoningEffort: string | null;
+  reasoningSummary: string | null;
+  include: string[];
+  tools: InvestigatorRequestedToolAudit[];
+  /** Null when the request failed before the provider returned a response. */
+  response: InvestigatorResponseAudit | null;
+}
 
-const investigatorAttemptAuditBaseSchema = z.object({
-  startedAt: isoDateTimeSchema,
-  completedAt: isoDateTimeSchema.nullable(),
-  requestModel: z.string().min(1),
-  requestInstructions: z.string(),
-  requestInput: z.string(),
-  requestReasoningEffort: z.string().nullable(),
-  requestReasoningSummary: z.string().nullable(),
-  requestedTools: z.array(investigatorRequestedToolAuditSchema),
-});
+export interface InvestigatorErrorAudit {
+  errorName: string;
+  errorMessage: string;
+  statusCode: number | null;
+}
 
-const investigatorAttemptSucceededAuditSchema = investigatorAttemptAuditBaseSchema.extend({
-  response: investigatorResponseAuditSchema,
-  error: z.null(),
-});
+interface InvestigatorAttemptAuditBase {
+  startedAt: Date;
+  completedAt: Date;
+  requests: InvestigatorRequestAudit[];
+}
 
-const investigatorAttemptFailedAuditSchema = investigatorAttemptAuditBaseSchema.extend({
-  response: investigatorResponseAuditSchema.nullable(),
-  error: investigatorErrorAuditSchema,
-});
+export type InvestigatorSucceededAttemptAudit = InvestigatorAttemptAuditBase & {
+  outcome: "SUCCEEDED";
+};
 
-export const investigatorAttemptAuditSchema = z.union([
-  investigatorAttemptSucceededAuditSchema,
-  investigatorAttemptFailedAuditSchema,
-]);
+export type InvestigatorFailedAttemptAudit = InvestigatorAttemptAuditBase & {
+  outcome: "FAILED";
+  error: InvestigatorErrorAudit;
+};
 
-export type InvestigatorRequestedToolAudit = z.infer<typeof investigatorRequestedToolAuditSchema>;
-export type InvestigatorOutputItemAudit = z.infer<typeof investigatorOutputItemAuditSchema>;
-export type InvestigatorOutputTextPartAudit = z.infer<typeof investigatorOutputTextPartAuditSchema>;
-export type InvestigatorOutputTextAnnotationAudit = z.infer<
-  typeof investigatorOutputTextAnnotationAuditSchema
->;
-export type InvestigatorReasoningSummaryAudit = z.infer<
-  typeof investigatorReasoningSummaryAuditSchema
->;
-export type InvestigatorToolCallAudit = z.infer<typeof investigatorToolCallAuditSchema>;
-export type InvestigatorUsageAudit = z.infer<typeof investigatorUsageAuditSchema>;
-export type InvestigatorResponseAudit = z.infer<typeof investigatorResponseAuditSchema>;
-export type InvestigatorErrorAudit = z.infer<typeof investigatorErrorAuditSchema>;
-export type InvestigatorAttemptAudit = z.infer<typeof investigatorAttemptAuditSchema>;
+export type InvestigatorAttemptAudit =
+  | InvestigatorSucceededAttemptAudit
+  | InvestigatorFailedAttemptAudit;
 
-export function parseInvestigatorAttemptAudit(value: unknown): InvestigatorAttemptAudit {
-  return investigatorAttemptAuditSchema.parse(value);
-}
+// ── Investigator contract ───────────────────────────────────────────────────
 
 export interface InvestigationProgressCallbacks {
   onProgressUpdate: (
@@ -242,17 +182,30 @@ export interface InvestigationProgressCallbacks {
   ) => void;
 }
 
+export interface InvestigateOptions {
+  /** Aborts every provider request and tool fetch when the run must stop. */
+  signal: AbortSignal;
+  callbacks?: InvestigationProgressCallbacks;
+}
+
 export interface InvestigatorOutput {
   result: InvestigationResult;
-  attemptAudit: InvestigatorAttemptAudit;
-  modelVersion?: string;
+  attemptAudit: InvestigatorSucceededAttemptAudit;
+  /** Provider model id the stage-1 fact-check requests were sent to. */
+  model: string;
+  /** Provider-reported model revision of the final stage-1 fact-check response. */
+  modelVersion: string;
 }
 
+/**
+ * Runs one investigation attempt. Failures reject with
+ * `InvestigatorExecutionError` (carrying the failed attempt's audit) once a
+ * provider request has been made, or with `InvestigatorInputError` when the
+ * input itself violates this contract.
+ */
 export interface Investigator {
-  investigate(
-    input: InvestigatorInput,
-    callbacks?: InvestigationProgressCallbacks,
-  ): Promise<InvestigatorOutput>;
-  readonly provider: InvestigationProvider;
-  readonly model: InvestigationModel;
+  investigate(input: InvestigatorInput, options: InvestigateOptions): Promise<InvestigatorOutput>;
 }
+
+/** Builds an investigator that authenticates to the provider with `apiKey`. */
+export type InvestigatorFactory = (apiKey: string) => Investigator;
diff --git a/src/typescript/api/src/lib/investigators/openai-attempt-audit-builder.ts b/src/typescript/api/src/lib/investigators/openai-attempt-audit-builder.ts
deleted file mode 100644
index 235726c..0000000
--- a/src/typescript/api/src/lib/investigators/openai-attempt-audit-builder.ts
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,97 +0,0 @@
-import type { InvestigatorAttemptAudit, InvestigatorResponseAudit } from "./interface.js";
-import { parseInvestigatorAttemptAudit } from "./interface.js";
-import { buildTwoStepRequestInputAudit } from "./openai-input-builder.js";
-import {
-  buildErrorAudit,
-  extractRequestedTools,
-  mergeResponseAudits,
-  offsetResponseAuditIndices,
-} from "./openai-response-audit.js";
-import { INVESTIGATION_VALIDATION_SYSTEM_PROMPT } from "./prompt.js";
-
-type AttemptAuditBase = Omit<InvestigatorAttemptAudit, "response" | "error">;
-
-interface RequestReasoning {
-  effort: "low" | "medium" | "high";
-  summary: "auto" | "concise" | "detailed";
-}
-
-export function createStageOneAttemptAuditBase(input: {
-  startedAt: string;
-  openAiModelId: string;
-  systemPrompt: string;
-  userPrompt: string;
-  requestReasoning: RequestReasoning;
-  requestedTools: unknown;
-}): AttemptAuditBase {
-  return {
-    startedAt: input.startedAt,
-    completedAt: null,
-    requestModel: input.openAiModelId,
-    requestInstructions: input.systemPrompt,
-    requestInput: input.userPrompt,
-    requestReasoningEffort: input.requestReasoning.effort,
-    requestReasoningSummary: input.requestReasoning.summary,
-    requestedTools: extractRequestedTools(input.requestedTools),
-  };
-}
-
-export function createStageTwoAttemptAuditBase(input: {
-  stageOneBase: AttemptAuditBase;
-  userPrompt: string;
-  validationInputSummary: string;
-}): AttemptAuditBase {
-  return {
-    ...input.stageOneBase,
-    requestInstructions:
-      `=== Stage 1: Fact-check instructions ===\n${input.stageOneBase.requestInstructions}` +
-      `\n\n=== Stage 2: Validation instructions ===\n${INVESTIGATION_VALIDATION_SYSTEM_PROMPT}`,
-    requestInput: buildTwoStepRequestInputAudit(input.userPrompt, input.validationInputSummary),
-  };
-}
-
-export function buildFailedAttemptAudit(input: {
-  base: AttemptAuditBase;
-  response: InvestigatorResponseAudit | null;
-  error: unknown;
-  completedAt?: string;
-}): InvestigatorAttemptAudit {
-  return parseInvestigatorAttemptAudit({
-    ...input.base,
-    completedAt: input.completedAt ?? new Date().toISOString(),
-    response: input.response,
-    error: buildErrorAudit(input.error),
-  });
-}
-
-export function buildSuccessfulAttemptAudit(input: {
-  base: AttemptAuditBase;
-  response: InvestigatorResponseAudit;
-  completedAt?: string;
-}): InvestigatorAttemptAudit {
-  return parseInvestigatorAttemptAudit({
-    ...input.base,
-    completedAt: input.completedAt ?? new Date().toISOString(),
-    response: input.response,
-    error: null,
-  });
-}
-
-export function buildFullAttemptResponseAudit(input: {
-  factCheckResponseAudit: InvestigatorResponseAudit;
-  successfulValidationResponseAudits: readonly InvestigatorResponseAudit[];
-  failedValidationResponseAudits: readonly InvestigatorResponseAudit[];
-}): InvestigatorResponseAudit {
-  let validationOutputOffset = input.factCheckResponseAudit.outputItems.length;
-
-  const orderedValidationResponseAudits = [
-    ...input.successfulValidationResponseAudits,
-    ...input.failedValidationResponseAudits,
-  ].map((responseAudit) => {
-    const offsetAudit = offsetResponseAuditIndices(responseAudit, validationOutputOffset);
-    validationOutputOffset += responseAudit.outputItems.length;
-    return offsetAudit;
-  });
-
-  return mergeResponseAudits([input.factCheckResponseAudit, ...orderedValidationResponseAudits]);
-}
diff --git a/src/typescript/api/src/lib/investigators/openai-claim-tools.ts b/src/typescript/api/src/lib/investigators/openai-claim-tools.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..034840c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/typescript/api/src/lib/investigators/openai-claim-tools.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,139 @@
+import type { FunctionTool } from "openai/resources/responses/responses";
+import { z } from "zod";
+import {
+  investigationClaimPayloadSchema,
+  type InvestigationClaimPayload,
+} from "@openerrata/shared";
+
+export const SUBMIT_CORRECTION_TOOL_NAME = "submit_correction";
+export const RETAIN_CORRECTION_TOOL_NAME = "retain_correction";
+
+/**
+ * A claim tool call's arguments, checked against the tool's schema. Invalid
+ * arguments are reported back to the model (as the call's output) so it can
+ * correct and resubmit within the same run.
+ */
+type ClaimToolArguments<T> = { kind: "valid"; value: T } | { kind: "invalid"; error: string };
+
+/**
+ * JSON Schema for a function tool's parameters under OpenAI strict mode, which
+ * accepts only a subset of JSON Schema. It rejects `minLength` and
+ * `format: "uri"`, which Zod emits for the shared claim schema's non-empty
+ * strings and URLs, so those keywords are left out of the provider-facing
+ * schema; parsing the arguments with the full Zod schema enforces them.
+ */
+function toStrictModeParameters(schema: z.ZodObject): Record<string, unknown> {
+  // Spread to a plain object: Zod attaches non-enumerable Standard Schema hooks.
+  return {
+    ...z.toJSONSchema(schema, {
+      target: "draft-07",
+      override: ({ jsonSchema }) => {
+        delete jsonSchema.minLength;
+        if (jsonSchema.format === "uri") {
+          delete jsonSchema.format;
+        }
+      },
+    }),
+  };
+}
+
+function parseToolArguments<T>(schema: z.ZodType<T>, argumentsJson: string): ClaimToolArguments<T> {
+  let decoded: unknown;
+  try {
+    decoded = JSON.parse(argumentsJson);
+  } catch {
+    return { kind: "invalid", error: "Arguments are not valid JSON" };
+  }
+  const parsed = schema.safeParse(decoded);
+  return parsed.success
+    ? { kind: "valid", value: parsed.data }
+    : { kind: "invalid", error: z.prettifyError(parsed.error) };
+}
+
+// ── submit_correction ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+const claimShape = investigationClaimPayloadSchema.shape;
+const claimSourceSchema = claimShape.sources.element;
+
+// The shared claim payload schema with model-facing field descriptions.
+// `.describe()` only attaches metadata: the tool advertises exactly the shape
+// that `parseSubmitCorrectionArguments` validates with the shared schema.
+const submitCorrectionParametersSchema = investigationClaimPayloadSchema.extend({
+  text: claimShape.text.describe("The exact text of the incorrect claim."),
+  context: claimShape.context.describe(
+    "Surrounding context that disambiguates the claim location.",
+  ),
+  summary: claimShape.summary.describe("A one-sentence summary of what is incorrect and why."),
+  reasoning: claimShape.reasoning.describe(
+    "Detailed reasoning with evidence for why the claim is incorrect.",
+  ),
+  sources: z
+    .array(
+      claimSourceSchema.extend({
+        url: claimSourceSchema.shape.url.describe("Source URL (absolute http/https)."),
+        title: claimSourceSchema.shape.title.describe("Title of the source."),
+        snippet: claimSourceSchema.shape.snippet.describe("Relevant snippet from the source."),
+      }),
+    )
+    .min(1)
+    .describe("At least one supporting source."),
+});
+
+/** Submits one correction; called as the model finds each incorrect claim. */
+export const submitCorrectionToolDefinition: FunctionTool = {
+  type: "function",
+  name: SUBMIT_CORRECTION_TOOL_NAME,
+  description:
+    "Submit a single factual correction you have found and verified. " +
+    "Call this tool for each incorrect claim you discover — do not wait " +
+    "until you have found all claims.",
+  strict: true,
+  parameters: toStrictModeParameters(submitCorrectionParametersSchema),
+};
+
+export function parseSubmitCorrectionArguments(
+  argumentsJson: string,
+): ClaimToolArguments<InvestigationClaimPayload> {
+  return parseToolArguments(investigationClaimPayloadSchema, argumentsJson);
+}
+
+// ── retain_correction (update investigations only) ──────────────────────────
+
+function retainCorrectionParametersSchema(retainableClaimIds: readonly [string, ...string[]]) {
+  return z
+    .object({
+      id: z.enum(retainableClaimIds).describe("The ID of the existing claim to retain."),
+    })
+    .strict();
+}
+
+/**
+ * Carries a previously validated claim forward unchanged. The `id` enum is
+ * exactly the prior investigation's claim ids.
+ */
+export function buildRetainCorrectionToolDefinition(
+  retainableClaimIds: readonly [string, ...string[]],
+): FunctionTool {
+  return {
+    type: "function",
+    name: RETAIN_CORRECTION_TOOL_NAME,
+    description:
+      "Retain an existing claim from the previous investigation that is " +
+      "still correct and relevant. Use this instead of re-submitting the " +
+      "same claim via submit_correction.",
+    strict: true,
+    parameters: toStrictModeParameters(retainCorrectionParametersSchema(retainableClaimIds)),
+  };
+}
+
+/** Returns the claim id to retain. */
+export function parseRetainCorrectionArguments(
+  argumentsJson: string,
+  retainableClaimIds: readonly [string, ...string[]],
+): ClaimToolArguments<string> {
+  const parsed = parseToolArguments(
+    retainCorrectionParametersSchema(retainableClaimIds),
+    argumentsJson,
+  );
+  return parsed.kind === "valid" ? { kind: "valid", value: parsed.value.id } : parsed;
+}
diff --git a/src/typescript/api/src/lib/investigators/openai-claim-validation-scheduler.ts b/src/typescript/api/src/lib/investigators/openai-claim-validation-scheduler.ts
index 23050e7..460ca23 100644
--- a/src/typescript/api/src/lib/investigators/openai-claim-validation-scheduler.ts
+++ b/src/typescript/api/src/lib/investigators/openai-claim-validation-scheduler.ts
@@ -9,18 +9,18 @@ import {
   settlePendingValidation,
   type InvestigationRunState,
 } from "./openai-investigation-run-state.js";
-import type { PerClaimValidationResult } from "./openai-claim-validator.js";
+import type { ClaimValidationResult } from "./openai-claim-validator.js";
 
 type StageOneClaim = InvestigationResult["claims"][number];
 
 type ValidationLimiter = (
-  task: () => Promise<PerClaimValidationResult>,
-) => Promise<PerClaimValidationResult>;
+  task: () => Promise<ClaimValidationResult>,
+) => Promise<ClaimValidationResult>;
 
 type ValidationRunner = (
   claimIndex: number,
   claim: StageOneClaim,
-) => Promise<PerClaimValidationResult>;
+) => Promise<ClaimValidationResult>;
 
 type RetainClaimResult =
   | {
@@ -31,21 +31,12 @@ type RetainClaimResult =
       errorMessage: string;
     };
 
-export interface ClaimValidationScheduler {
+interface ClaimValidationScheduler {
   getState: () => InvestigationRunState;
   scheduleClaimValidation: (claim: StageOneClaim) => void;
   retainClaimById: (claimId: string) => RetainClaimResult;
-  awaitAllValidations: () => Promise<PerClaimValidationResult[]>;
-  settleAllValidations: () => Promise<void>;
-}
-
-function toValidationErrorResult(claimIndex: number, error: unknown): PerClaimValidationResult {
-  return {
-    claimIndex,
-    approved: false,
-    responseAudit: null,
-    error: error instanceof Error ? error : new Error(String(error)),
-  };
+  /** Every scheduled validation's result, in scheduling order, once all have settled. */
+  awaitAllValidations: () => Promise<ClaimValidationResult[]>;
 }
 
 export function createClaimValidationScheduler(input: {
@@ -60,7 +51,7 @@ export function createClaimValidationScheduler(input: {
     input.callbacks?.onProgressUpdate(getPendingClaims(state), getConfirmedClaims(state));
   };
 
-  const settleValidation = (pendingIndex: number, result: PerClaimValidationResult): void => {
+  const settleValidation = (pendingIndex: number, result: ClaimValidationResult): void => {
     state = settlePendingValidation(state, {
       pendingIndex,
       result,
@@ -70,9 +61,8 @@ export function createClaimValidationScheduler(input: {
 
   const scheduleClaimValidation = (claim: StageOneClaim): void => {
     const claimIndex = state.nextClaimIndex;
-    const promise = input
-      .validationLimiter(() => input.runValidation(claimIndex, claim))
-      .catch((error: unknown) => toValidationErrorResult(claimIndex, error));
+    // runValidation reports failures as results, never as rejections.
+    const promise = input.validationLimiter(() => input.runValidation(claimIndex, claim));
 
     const queued = enqueuePendingValidation(state, {
       claim,
@@ -109,8 +99,5 @@ export function createClaimValidationScheduler(input: {
     scheduleClaimValidation,
     retainClaimById,
     awaitAllValidations: async () => Promise.all(getPendingValidationPromises(state)),
-    settleAllValidations: async () => {
-      await Promise.allSettled(getPendingValidationPromises(state));
-    },
   };
 }
diff --git a/src/typescript/api/src/lib/investigators/openai-claim-validator.ts b/src/typescript/api/src/lib/investigators/openai-claim-validator.ts
index 8fac6cb..68d9123 100644
--- a/src/typescript/api/src/lib/investigators/openai-claim-validator.ts
+++ b/src/typescript/api/src/lib/investigators/openai-claim-validator.ts
@@ -1,129 +1,106 @@
 import type OpenAI from "openai";
-import { zodTextFormat } from "openai/helpers/zod";
-import { isNonNullObject, type InvestigationResult } from "@openerrata/shared";
-import type { InvestigatorResponseAudit } from "./interface.js";
-import { claimValidationResultSchema } from "./openai-schemas.js";
+import type { Response } from "openai/resources/responses/responses";
+import type { InvestigationClaimPayload } from "@openerrata/shared";
 import {
-  extractResponseAudit,
-  readIncompleteReason,
-  requireCompletedOutputText,
-  requireJsonObject,
-} from "./openai-response-audit.js";
-import { INVESTIGATION_VALIDATION_SYSTEM_PROMPT, buildValidationPrompt } from "./prompt.js";
-
-const isRecord = isNonNullObject;
+  InvestigatorIncompleteResponseError,
+  InvestigatorStructuredOutputError,
+} from "./errors.js";
+import type { InvestigatorRequestAudit } from "./interface.js";
+import {
+  buildClaimValidationRequestParams,
+  claimValidationVerdictSchema,
+  type InvestigationRequestConfig,
+} from "./openai-request-config.js";
+import { auditRequest, auditResponse } from "./openai-response-audit.js";
+import { buildValidationPrompt } from "./prompt.js";
 
 export const MAX_PER_CLAIM_VALIDATION_CONCURRENCY = 4;
 
-export class InvestigatorIncompleteResponseError extends Error {
-  readonly responseStatus: string | null;
-  readonly responseId: string | null;
-  readonly incompleteReason: string | null;
-  readonly outputTextLength: number;
+/** Outcome of one stage-2 validation call (SPEC §2.4.3.2). Never a rejection. */
+export type ClaimValidationResult =
+  | { kind: "approved"; claimIndex: number; request: InvestigatorRequestAudit }
+  | { kind: "rejected"; claimIndex: number; request: InvestigatorRequestAudit }
+  | { kind: "failed"; claimIndex: number; request: InvestigatorRequestAudit; error: Error };
+
+function toError(caught: unknown): Error {
+  return caught instanceof Error ? caught : new Error(String(caught));
+}
 
-  constructor(input: {
-    responseStatus: string | null;
-    responseId: string | null;
-    incompleteReason: string | null;
-    outputTextLength: number;
-  }) {
-    const statusPart = input.responseStatus ?? "unknown";
-    const reasonPart = input.incompleteReason ?? "unknown";
-    const responseIdPart = input.responseId ?? "unknown";
-    super(
-      "OpenAI response did not complete " +
-        `(status=${statusPart}, reason=${reasonPart}, responseId=${responseIdPart}, outputTextLength=${input.outputTextLength.toString()})`,
+/** The verdict in a completed validation response; throws when there is none. */
+function readVerdict(response: Response): boolean {
+  if (response.status !== "completed") {
+    throw new InvestigatorIncompleteResponseError({
+      responseStatus: response.status ?? null,
+      responseId: response.id,
+      incompleteReason: response.incomplete_details?.reason ?? null,
+    });
+  }
+
+  const outputText = response.output
+    .flatMap((item) => (item.type === "message" ? item.content : []))
+    .flatMap((part) => (part.type === "output_text" ? [part.text] : []))
+    .join("");
+
+  let decoded: unknown;
+  try {
+    decoded = JSON.parse(outputText);
+  } catch {
+    throw new InvestigatorStructuredOutputError(
+      `Claim validation response ${response.id} did not return a JSON verdict`,
+    );
+  }
+  const verdict = claimValidationVerdictSchema.safeParse(decoded);
+  if (!verdict.success) {
+    throw new InvestigatorStructuredOutputError(
+      `Claim validation response ${response.id} returned an invalid verdict: ${verdict.error.message}`,
     );
-    this.name = "InvestigatorIncompleteResponseError";
-    this.responseStatus = input.responseStatus;
-    this.responseId = input.responseId;
-    this.incompleteReason = input.incompleteReason;
-    this.outputTextLength = input.outputTextLength;
   }
+  return verdict.data.approved;
 }
 
-export type PerClaimValidationResult =
-  | {
-      claimIndex: number;
-      approved: boolean;
-      responseAudit: InvestigatorResponseAudit;
-      error: null;
-    }
-  | {
-      claimIndex: number;
-      approved: false;
-      responseAudit: InvestigatorResponseAudit | null;
-      error: Error;
-    };
-
-export async function validateClaim(
-  client: OpenAI,
-  modelId: string,
-  claimIndex: number,
-  claim: InvestigationResult["claims"][number],
-  contentText: string,
-  imageContextNotes: string | undefined,
-  requestReasoning: {
-    effort: "low" | "medium" | "high";
-    summary: "auto" | "concise" | "detailed";
-  },
-): Promise<PerClaimValidationResult> {
+export async function validateClaim(input: {
+  client: OpenAI;
+  requestConfig: InvestigationRequestConfig;
+  claimIndex: number;
+  claim: InvestigationClaimPayload;
+  contentText: string;
+  imageContextNotes: string | undefined;
+  signal: AbortSignal;
+}): Promise<ClaimValidationResult> {
+  const { claimIndex } = input;
   const validationPrompt = buildValidationPrompt({
-    currentPostText: contentText,
-    candidateClaim: claim,
-    ...(imageContextNotes === undefined ? {} : { imageContextNotes }),
+    currentPostText: input.contentText,
+    candidateClaim: input.claim,
+    ...(input.imageContextNotes === undefined
+      ? {}
+      : { imageContextNotes: input.imageContextNotes }),
   });
+  const params = buildClaimValidationRequestParams(input.requestConfig, validationPrompt);
+  const subject = { kind: "CLAIM_VALIDATION", claimIndex } as const;
 
-  let response: unknown;
+  let response: Response;
   try {
-    response = await client.responses.create({
-      model: modelId,
-      stream: false,
-      instructions: INVESTIGATION_VALIDATION_SYSTEM_PROMPT,
-      input: validationPrompt,
-      reasoning: requestReasoning,
-      text: {
-        format: zodTextFormat(claimValidationResultSchema, "claim_validation_result"),
-      },
-    });
+    response = await input.client.responses.create(params, { signal: input.signal });
   } catch (caught) {
     return {
+      kind: "failed",
       claimIndex,
-      approved: false,
-      responseAudit: null,
-      error: caught instanceof Error ? caught : new Error(String(caught)),
+      request: auditRequest({ subject, params, auditInput: validationPrompt, response: null }),
+      error: toError(caught),
     };
   }
 
-  const responseRecord = isRecord(response) ? response : {};
-  const responseAudit = extractResponseAudit(responseRecord);
+  const request = auditRequest({
+    subject,
+    params,
+    auditInput: validationPrompt,
+    response: auditResponse(response, new Date()),
+  });
   try {
-    if (responseAudit.responseStatus !== "completed") {
-      throw new InvestigatorIncompleteResponseError({
-        responseStatus: responseAudit.responseStatus,
-        responseId: responseAudit.responseId,
-        incompleteReason: readIncompleteReason(responseRecord),
-        outputTextLength: responseAudit.responseOutputText?.length ?? 0,
-      });
-    }
-
-    const outputText = requireCompletedOutputText({
-      responseAudit,
-      responseRecord,
-      context: "Claim validation response",
-    });
-
-    const parsed: unknown = JSON.parse(outputText);
-    const { approved } = claimValidationResultSchema.parse(
-      requireJsonObject(parsed, "Claim validation structured output"),
-    );
-    return { claimIndex, approved, responseAudit, error: null };
+    return readVerdict(response)
+      ? { kind: "approved", claimIndex, request }
+      : { kind: "rejected", claimIndex, request };
   } catch (caught) {
-    return {
-      claimIndex,
-      approved: false,
-      responseAudit,
-      error: caught instanceof Error ? caught : new Error(String(caught)),
-    };
+    return { kind: "failed", claimIndex, request, error: toError(caught) };
   }
 }
diff --git a/src/typescript/api/src/lib/investigators/openai-errors.ts b/src/typescript/api/src/lib/investigators/openai-errors.ts
deleted file mode 100644
index 94789c3..0000000
--- a/src/typescript/api/src/lib/investigators/openai-errors.ts
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,11 +0,0 @@
-/**
- * Thrown when the LLM returns structured output that is syntactically valid
- * but semantically invalid for our investigation pipeline. This is a
- * non-retryable error — the model's output cannot be fixed by retrying.
- */
-export class InvestigatorStructuredOutputError extends Error {
-  constructor(message: string) {
-    super(message);
-    this.name = "InvestigatorStructuredOutputError";
-  }
-}
diff --git a/src/typescript/api/src/lib/investigators/openai-input-builder.ts b/src/typescript/api/src/lib/investigators/openai-input-builder.ts
index 2123dcc..f8e82f2 100644
--- a/src/typescript/api/src/lib/investigators/openai-input-builder.ts
+++ b/src/typescript/api/src/lib/investigators/openai-input-builder.ts
@@ -1,11 +1,25 @@
 import type { ResponseInput } from "openai/resources/responses/responses";
 import { validateAndSortImageOccurrences } from "@openerrata/shared";
-import { InvestigatorStructuredOutputError } from "./openai-errors.js";
-import type { InvestigatorImageOccurrence, ImagePlaceholder } from "./interface.js";
+import { InvestigatorInputError } from "./errors.js";
+import type {
+  InvestigatorImageOccurrence,
+  ImagePlaceholder,
+  InvestigatorJsonRecord,
+} from "./interface.js";
+
+/**
+ * The stage-1 request's `input`, alongside the form recorded in the attempt
+ * audit, where each image part carries the image's content hash (its
+ * ImageBlob) instead of the inline data URI that was sent.
+ */
+export interface AuditedRequestInput {
+  request: string | ResponseInput;
+  audit: string | InvestigatorJsonRecord[];
+}
 
 type ContentInputPart =
   | { type: "input_text"; text: string }
-  | { type: "input_image"; detail: "auto"; image_url: string };
+  | { type: "input_image"; dataUri: string; contentHash: string };
 
 function appendTextInputPart(contentParts: ContentInputPart[], text: string): void {
   if (text.length === 0) return;
@@ -15,6 +29,31 @@ function appendTextInputPart(contentParts: ContentInputPart[], text: string): vo
   });
 }
 
+function toAuditedUserMessage(contentParts: ContentInputPart[]): AuditedRequestInput {
+  return {
+    request: [
+      {
+        role: "user",
+        content: contentParts.map((part) =>
+          part.type === "input_text"
+            ? part
+            : { type: "input_image" as const, detail: "auto" as const, image_url: part.dataUri },
+        ),
+      },
+    ],
+    audit: [
+      {
+        role: "user",
+        content: contentParts.map((part) =>
+          part.type === "input_text"
+            ? { type: part.type, text: part.text }
+            : { type: part.type, detail: "auto", imageContentHash: part.contentHash },
+        ),
+      },
+    ],
+  };
+}
+
 function requirePromptContentBounds(
   userPrompt: string,
   contentString: string,
@@ -27,7 +66,7 @@ function requirePromptContentBounds(
     contentEnd > userPrompt.length ||
     userPrompt.slice(contentStart, contentEnd) !== contentString
   ) {
-    throw new InvestigatorStructuredOutputError(
+    throw new InvestigatorInputError(
       "contentOffset does not point to contentString within the stage-1 user prompt",
     );
   }
@@ -43,15 +82,13 @@ function normalizeImageOccurrences(
     onValidationIssue: (issue): never => {
       switch (issue.code) {
         case "NON_CONTIGUOUS_ORIGINAL_INDEX":
-          throw new InvestigatorStructuredOutputError(
+          throw new InvestigatorInputError(
             "Image occurrences must use contiguous originalIndex values starting at 0",
           );
         case "OFFSET_EXCEEDS_CONTENT_LENGTH":
-          throw new InvestigatorStructuredOutputError(
-            "Image occurrence offset exceeds contentText length",
-          );
+          throw new InvestigatorInputError("Image occurrence offset exceeds contentText length");
         case "DECREASING_NORMALIZED_TEXT_OFFSET":
-          throw new InvestigatorStructuredOutputError(
+          throw new InvestigatorInputError(
             "Image occurrences must be non-decreasing by normalizedTextOffset",
           );
       }
@@ -93,7 +130,7 @@ function buildInputUsingTextOffsets(input: {
   contentString: string;
   contentOffset: number;
   normalizedOccurrences: InvestigatorImageOccurrence[];
-}): ResponseInput {
+}): AuditedRequestInput {
   const { contentStart, contentEnd } = requirePromptContentBounds(
     input.userPrompt,
     input.contentString,
@@ -126,8 +163,8 @@ function buildInputUsingTextOffsets(input: {
       seenResolvedContentHashes.add(occurrence.contentHash);
       contentParts.push({
         type: "input_image",
-        detail: "auto",
-        image_url: occurrence.imageDataUri,
+        dataUri: occurrence.imageDataUri,
+        contentHash: occurrence.contentHash,
       });
       continue;
     }
@@ -156,12 +193,7 @@ function buildInputUsingTextOffsets(input: {
   }
   appendTextInputPart(contentParts, input.userPrompt.slice(contentEnd));
 
-  return [
-    {
-      role: "user",
-      content: contentParts,
-    },
-  ];
+  return toAuditedUserMessage(contentParts);
 }
 
 /**
@@ -204,7 +236,7 @@ export function buildInitialInput(
   contentOffset: number,
   imageOccurrences: InvestigatorImageOccurrence[] | undefined,
   imagePlaceholders: ImagePlaceholder[] | undefined,
-): string | ResponseInput {
+): AuditedRequestInput {
   const shouldUsePlaceholderInterleaving =
     imagePlaceholders !== undefined && imagePlaceholders.length > 0;
   const normalizedOccurrences = normalizeImageOccurrences(
@@ -212,7 +244,7 @@ export function buildInitialInput(
     shouldUsePlaceholderInterleaving ? undefined : contentString,
   );
   if (normalizedOccurrences.length === 0) {
-    return userPrompt;
+    return { request: userPrompt, audit: userPrompt };
   }
 
   // No markdown placeholders available (e.g. markdownSource=NONE): interleave
@@ -238,7 +270,7 @@ export function buildInitialInput(
   const seenResolvedContentHashes = new Set<string>();
 
   // Split content at [IMAGE:N] patterns
-  const placeholderPattern = /\[IMAGE:(\d+)\]/g;
+  const placeholderPattern = /\[IMAGE:\d+\]/g;
   const contentParts: ContentInputPart[] = [];
 
   // Text before the content section
@@ -249,7 +281,7 @@ export function buildInitialInput(
   let match: RegExpExecArray | null;
 
   while ((match = placeholderPattern.exec(contentString)) !== null) {
-    const placeholderIndex = parseInt(match[1] ?? "0", 10);
+    const placeholderIndex = Number.parseInt(match[0].slice("[IMAGE:".length, -"]".length), 10);
     const placeholder = imagePlaceholders.find((p) => p.index === placeholderIndex);
 
     // Text between last position and this placeholder
@@ -274,8 +306,8 @@ export function buildInitialInput(
       consumedUrls.add(occurrence.sourceUrl);
       contentParts.push({
         type: "input_image",
-        detail: "auto",
-        image_url: occurrence.imageDataUri,
+        dataUri: occurrence.imageDataUri,
+        contentHash: occurrence.contentHash,
       });
       continue;
     }
@@ -314,21 +346,5 @@ export function buildInitialInput(
   // Text after the content section
   appendTextInputPart(contentParts, userPrompt.slice(contentEnd));
 
-  return [
-    {
-      role: "user",
-      content: contentParts,
-    },
-  ];
-}
-
-export function buildTwoStepRequestInputAudit(
-  userPrompt: string,
-  validationPrompt: string,
-): string {
-  return `=== Stage 1: Fact-check input ===
-${userPrompt}
-
-=== Stage 2: Validation input ===
-${validationPrompt}`;
+  return toAuditedUserMessage(contentParts);
 }
diff --git a/src/typescript/api/src/lib/investigators/openai-investigation-run-state.ts b/src/typescript/api/src/lib/investigators/openai-investigation-run-state.ts
index 9fd6e87..3dce5b2 100644
--- a/src/typescript/api/src/lib/investigators/openai-investigation-run-state.ts
+++ b/src/typescript/api/src/lib/investigators/openai-investigation-run-state.ts
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import type { InvestigationResult } from "@openerrata/shared";
 import type { InvestigatorInput } from "./interface.js";
-import type { PerClaimValidationResult } from "./openai-claim-validator.js";
+import type { ClaimValidationResult } from "./openai-claim-validator.js";
 
 type StageOneClaim = InvestigationResult["claims"][number];
 type OldClaim = Extract<InvestigatorInput, { isUpdate: true }>["oldClaims"][number];
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ export interface PendingValidationEntry {
   claim: StageOneClaim;
   claimIndex: number;
   submissionOrder: number;
-  promise: Promise<PerClaimValidationResult>;
+  promise: Promise<ClaimValidationResult>;
   settled: boolean;
 }
 
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ export function enqueuePendingValidation(
   state: InvestigationRunState,
   input: {
     claim: StageOneClaim;
-    promise: Promise<PerClaimValidationResult>;
+    promise: Promise<ClaimValidationResult>;
   },
 ): {
   nextState: InvestigationRunState;
@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ export function settlePendingValidation(
   state: InvestigationRunState,
   input: {
     pendingIndex: number;
-    result: PerClaimValidationResult;
+    result: ClaimValidationResult;
   },
 ): InvestigationRunState {
   const pending = state.pendingValidations[input.pendingIndex];
@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ export function settlePendingValidation(
   }
 
   if (pending.settled) {
-    return state;
+    throw new Error(`Pending validation already settled: ${input.pendingIndex.toString()}`);
   }
 
   const pendingValidations = state.pendingValidations.map((entry, index) =>
@@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ export function settlePendingValidation(
   );
 
   const confirmedClaims =
-    input.result.error === null && input.result.approved
+    input.result.kind === "approved"
       ? [
           ...state.confirmedClaims,
           {
@@ -182,6 +182,6 @@ export function getConfirmedClaims(state: InvestigationRunState): StageOneClaim[
 
 export function getPendingValidationPromises(
   state: InvestigationRunState,
-): Promise<PerClaimValidationResult>[] {
+): Promise<ClaimValidationResult>[] {
   return state.pendingValidations.map((entry) => entry.promise);
 }
diff --git a/src/typescript/api/src/lib/investigators/openai-probe.ts b/src/typescript/api/src/lib/investigators/openai-probe.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..13e15d7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/typescript/api/src/lib/investigators/openai-probe.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+import type OpenAI from "openai";
+import {
+  buildProbeRequestParams,
+  type InvestigationRequestConfig,
+} from "./openai-request-config.js";
+
+/**
+ * Checks that the provider accepts investigation requests from this client:
+ * the key authenticates, has access to the model, and the request shape
+ * (tools, include, reasoning options) is valid for it. Rejects with the
+ * provider's error otherwise.
+ *
+ * An "incomplete" response counts as accepted: the probe's tiny output cap
+ * routinely cuts reasoning short, which says nothing about the request shape.
+ */
+export async function probeInvestigationRequest(
+  client: OpenAI,
+  requestConfig: InvestigationRequestConfig,
+): Promise<void> {
+  const response = await client.responses.create(buildProbeRequestParams(requestConfig));
+  if (response.status !== "completed" && response.status !== "incomplete") {
+    throw new Error(
+      `OpenAI probe response ${response.id} ended with status ${response.status ?? "missing"}`,
+    );
+  }
+}
diff --git a/src/typescript/api/src/lib/investigators/openai-request-config.ts b/src/typescript/api/src/lib/investigators/openai-request-config.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e4a6abb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/typescript/api/src/lib/investigators/openai-request-config.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,153 @@
+import { zodTextFormat } from "openai/helpers/zod";
+import type {
+  ResponseCreateParamsNonStreaming,
+  ResponseIncludable,
+  ResponseInput,
+  Tool,
+} from "openai/resources/responses/responses";
+import type { Reasoning, ReasoningEffort } from "openai/resources/shared";
+import { z } from "zod";
+import { fetchUrlToolDefinition } from "./fetch-url-tool.js";
+import {
+  buildRetainCorrectionToolDefinition,
+  submitCorrectionToolDefinition,
+} from "./openai-claim-tools.js";
+import { INVESTIGATION_VALIDATION_SYSTEM_PROMPT } from "./prompt.js";
+
+/**
+ * The one model OpenErrata investigates with. Model choice is a code change,
+ * not configuration: every request shape below (tool types, reasoning options,
+ * `include` values) is what this model accepts.
+ */
+export const INVESTIGATION_MODEL_ID = "gpt-6.1-sol";
+
+type ReasoningSummary = NonNullable<Reasoning["summary"]>;
+// gpt-6.1-sol accepts low | medium | high | xhigh | max; it rejects "none" and "minimal".
+type InvestigationReasoningEffort = Exclude<NonNullable<ReasoningEffort>, "none" | "minimal">;
+
+/**
+ * Reasoning summaries requested on every investigation request, persisted in
+ * the attempt audit (SPEC §2.12); `null` requests none. gpt-6.1-sol's model docs
+ * do not mention reasoning summaries; "detailed" was verified live on
+ * 2026-10-02. A rejected request parameter fails every investigation
+ * non-retryably (SPEC §3.7), so verify any new value live with
+ * `pnpm --filter @openerrata/api smoke:openai` before deploying it.
+ */
+const INVESTIGATION_REASONING_SUMMARY: ReasoningSummary | null = "detailed";
+
+export interface InvestigationRequestConfig {
+  readonly model: typeof INVESTIGATION_MODEL_ID;
+  readonly reasoningEffort: InvestigationReasoningEffort;
+  readonly reasoningSummary: ReasoningSummary | null;
+  /** Extra response fields the fact-check requests ask the provider to return. */
+  readonly include: readonly ResponseIncludable[];
+}
+
+export const INVESTIGATION_REQUEST_CONFIG: InvestigationRequestConfig = {
+  model: INVESTIGATION_MODEL_ID,
+  // gpt-6.1-sol's default, stated explicitly so the audit records it.
+  reasoningEffort: "medium",
+  reasoningSummary: INVESTIGATION_REASONING_SUMMARY,
+  // Without this, web_search_call items carry no sources, and the audit would
+  // miss the URLs the model consulted.
+  include: ["web_search_call.action.sources"],
+};
+
+/** Request parameters for every provider request an investigation makes. */
+export type InvestigationRequestParams = ResponseCreateParamsNonStreaming & {
+  model: typeof INVESTIGATION_MODEL_ID;
+  instructions: string;
+  reasoning: Reasoning;
+};
+
+function toRequestReasoning(config: InvestigationRequestConfig): Reasoning {
+  return config.reasoningSummary === null
+    ? { effort: config.reasoningEffort }
+    : { effort: config.reasoningEffort, summary: config.reasoningSummary };
+}
+
+/**
+ * Tools offered to the stage-1 fact-check. retain_correction is offered only
+ * to update investigations whose parent has claims to retain.
+ */
+export function buildFactCheckTools(
+  retainableClaimIds: readonly [string, ...string[]] | null,
+): Tool[] {
+  return [
+    { type: "web_search" },
+    fetchUrlToolDefinition,
+    submitCorrectionToolDefinition,
+    ...(retainableClaimIds === null
+      ? []
+      : [buildRetainCorrectionToolDefinition(retainableClaimIds)]),
+  ];
+}
+
+/** One round of the stage-1 fact-check tool loop. */
+export function buildFactCheckRequestParams(
+  config: InvestigationRequestConfig,
+  request: {
+    instructions: string;
+    tools: Tool[];
+    input: string | ResponseInput;
+    /** The previous round's response, which this round's input continues. */
+    previousResponseId: string | null;
+  },
+): InvestigationRequestParams {
+  return {
+    model: config.model,
+    stream: false,
+    instructions: request.instructions,
+    input: request.input,
+    tools: request.tools,
+    include: [...config.include],
+    reasoning: toRequestReasoning(config),
+    ...(request.previousResponseId === null
+      ? {}
+      : { previous_response_id: request.previousResponseId }),
+  };
+}
+
+export const claimValidationVerdictSchema = z
+  .object({
+    approved: z.boolean(),
+  })
+  .strict();
+
+/** A stage-2 per-claim validation call: no tools, structured yes/no verdict. */
+export function buildClaimValidationRequestParams(
+  config: InvestigationRequestConfig,
+  validationPrompt: string,
+): InvestigationRequestParams {
+  return {
+    model: config.model,
+    stream: false,
+    instructions: INVESTIGATION_VALIDATION_SYSTEM_PROMPT,
+    input: validationPrompt,
+    reasoning: toRequestReasoning(config),
+    text: {
+      format: zodTextFormat(claimValidationVerdictSchema, "claim_validation_result"),
+    },
+  };
+}
+
+/**
+ * A minimal request with the fact-check request's shape (model, tools,
+ * include, reasoning) that forbids tool use and caps output, so the provider
+ * validates the shape without running an investigation.
+ */
+export function buildProbeRequestParams(
+  config: InvestigationRequestConfig,
+): InvestigationRequestParams {
+  return {
+    ...buildFactCheckRequestParams(config, {
+      instructions: "Reply with the single word pong.",
+      tools: buildFactCheckTools(null),
+      input: "ping",
+      previousResponseId: null,
+    }),
+    tool_choice: "none",
+    // The smallest cap the provider has accepted for reasoning models.
+    max_output_tokens: 16,
+  };
+}
diff --git a/src/typescript/api/src/lib/investigators/openai-response-audit.ts b/src/typescript/api/src/lib/investigators/openai-response-audit.ts
index c37dc42..244554c 100644
--- a/src/typescript/api/src/lib/investigators/openai-response-audit.ts
+++ b/src/typescript/api/src/lib/investigators/openai-response-audit.ts
@@ -1,482 +1,188 @@
-import { isNonNullObject } from "@openerrata/shared";
-import { InvestigatorStructuredOutputError } from "./openai-errors.js";
+import type {
+  Response,
+  ResponseOutputItem,
+  ResponseOutputRefusal,
+  ResponseOutputText,
+} from "openai/resources/responses/responses";
+import { z } from "zod";
+import { readOpenAiStatusCode } from "$lib/openai/errors.js";
 import type {
   InvestigatorErrorAudit,
+  InvestigatorJsonRecord,
   InvestigatorJsonValue,
   InvestigatorOutputItemAudit,
   InvestigatorOutputTextAnnotationAudit,
   InvestigatorOutputTextPartAudit,
-  InvestigatorReasoningSummaryAudit,
-  InvestigatorRequestedToolAudit,
+  InvestigatorRequestAudit,
+  InvestigatorRequestSubject,
   InvestigatorResponseAudit,
-  InvestigatorToolCallAudit,
-  InvestigatorUsageAudit,
 } from "./interface.js";
-import { readOpenAiStatusCode } from "$lib/openai/errors.js";
-
-const isRecord = isNonNullObject;
-
-export function sanitizeJsonValue(value: unknown, depth = 0): InvestigatorJsonValue {
-  if (depth > 8) return "[max-depth]";
-  if (
-    typeof value === "string" ||
-    typeof value === "number" ||
-    typeof value === "boolean" ||
-    value === null
-  ) {
-    return value;
-  }
-  if (Array.isArray(value)) {
-    return value.map((entry) => sanitizeJsonValue(entry, depth + 1));
-  }
-  if (isRecord(value)) {
-    const sanitized: Record<string, InvestigatorJsonValue> = {};
-    for (const [key, entry] of Object.entries(value)) {
-      sanitized[key] = sanitizeJsonValue(entry, depth + 1);
-    }
-    return sanitized;
-  }
-  if (typeof value === "bigint") return value.toString();
-  if (typeof value === "symbol") return value.description ?? "symbol";
-  if (typeof value === "function") return "[function]";
-  return "[unsupported]";
-}
-
-export function sanitizeJsonRecord(value: unknown): Record<string, InvestigatorJsonValue> {
-  const record = requireJsonObject(value, "OpenAI audit payload");
-  const sanitized: Record<string, InvestigatorJsonValue> = {};
-  for (const [key, entry] of Object.entries(record)) {
-    sanitized[key] = sanitizeJsonValue(entry, 1);
-  }
-  return sanitized;
-}
-
-export function describeJsonValueType(value: unknown): string {
-  if (value === null) return "null";
-  if (Array.isArray(value)) return "array";
-  return typeof value;
-}
-
-export function requireJsonObject(value: unknown, context: string): Record<string, unknown> {
-  if (!isRecord(value)) {
-    throw new InvestigatorStructuredOutputError(
-      `${context} must be a JSON object (received ${describeJsonValueType(value)})`,
-    );
-  }
-  return value;
-}
-
-export function requireCompletedOutputText(input: {
-  responseAudit: InvestigatorResponseAudit;
-  responseRecord: Record<string, unknown>;
-  context: string;
-}): string {
-  const outputText = input.responseAudit.responseOutputText;
-  if (outputText === null) {
-    const rawOutputTextType = describeJsonValueType(input.responseRecord["output_text"]);
-    throw new InvestigatorStructuredOutputError(
-      `${input.context} completed without output_text (responseId=${input.responseAudit.responseId ?? "unknown"}, output_text_type=${rawOutputTextType})`,
-    );
-  }
-
-  if (outputText.trim().length === 0) {
-    throw new InvestigatorStructuredOutputError(
-      `${input.context} returned empty structured output`,
-    );
-  }
-
-  return outputText;
-}
-
-export function readString(value: unknown): string | null {
-  return typeof value === "string" ? value : null;
-}
-
-export function readOptionalInteger(value: unknown): number | null {
-  return typeof value === "number" && Number.isInteger(value) ? value : null;
-}
-
-export function readIncompleteReason(responseRecord: Record<string, unknown>): string | null {
-  const incompleteDetails = responseRecord["incomplete_details"];
-  if (!isRecord(incompleteDetails)) return null;
-  return readString(incompleteDetails["reason"]);
-}
-
-export function buildErrorAudit(error: unknown): InvestigatorErrorAudit {
-  if (error instanceof Error) {
+import type { InvestigationRequestParams } from "./openai-request-config.js";
+
+const jsonValueSchema: z.ZodType<InvestigatorJsonValue> = z.lazy(() =>
+  z.union([
+    z.string(),
+    z.number(),
+    z.boolean(),
+    z.null(),
+    z.array(jsonValueSchema),
+    z.record(z.string(), jsonValueSchema),
+  ]),
+);
+const jsonRecordSchema = z.record(z.string(), jsonValueSchema);
+
+/**
+ * The JSON the SDK puts on (or read off) the wire for an SDK object such as a
+ * tool definition or output item, checked to be JSON so it can be stored
+ * verbatim. TypeScript's SDK types can't express JSON-ness themselves.
+ */
+function toJsonRecord(value: object): InvestigatorJsonRecord {
+  return jsonRecordSchema.parse(JSON.parse(JSON.stringify(value)));
+}
+
+function auditAnnotation(
+  annotation: ResponseOutputText["annotations"][number],
+): InvestigatorOutputTextAnnotationAudit {
+  switch (annotation.type) {
+    case "url_citation":
+      return {
+        annotationType: annotation.type,
+        startIndex: annotation.start_index,
+        endIndex: annotation.end_index,
+        url: annotation.url,
+        title: annotation.title,
+        fileId: null,
+      };
+    case "container_file_citation":
+      return {
+        annotationType: annotation.type,
+        startIndex: annotation.start_index,
+        endIndex: annotation.end_index,
+        url: null,
+        title: annotation.filename,
+        fileId: annotation.file_id,
+      };
+    case "file_citation":
+      return {
+        annotationType: annotation.type,
+        startIndex: null,
+        endIndex: null,
+        url: null,
+        title: annotation.filename,
+        fileId: annotation.file_id,
+      };
+    case "file_path":
+      return {
+        annotationType: annotation.type,
+        startIndex: null,
+        endIndex: null,
+        url: null,
+        title: null,
+        fileId: annotation.file_id,
+      };
+  }
+}
+
+function auditTextPart(
+  part: ResponseOutputText | ResponseOutputRefusal,
+): InvestigatorOutputTextPartAudit {
+  switch (part.type) {
+    case "output_text":
+      return {
+        partType: part.type,
+        text: part.text,
+        annotations: part.annotations.map(auditAnnotation),
+      };
+    case "refusal":
+      return { partType: part.type, text: part.refusal, annotations: [] };
+  }
+}
+
+function auditOutputItem(item: ResponseOutputItem): InvestigatorOutputItemAudit {
+  if (item.type === "message") {
     return {
-      errorName: error.name,
-      errorMessage: error.message,
-      statusCode: readOpenAiStatusCode(error),
+      providerItemId: item.id,
+      itemType: item.type,
+      itemStatus: item.status,
+      content: { kind: "MESSAGE", textParts: item.content.map(auditTextPart) },
     };
   }
-
-  return {
-    errorName: "UnknownError",
-    errorMessage: typeof error === "string" ? error : "unknown",
-    statusCode: readOpenAiStatusCode(error),
-  };
-}
-
-export function parseTimestamp(value: unknown): string | null {
-  if (typeof value === "number" && Number.isFinite(value)) {
-    // Handle seconds and milliseconds unix timestamps.
-    const normalized = value > 1_000_000_000_000 ? value : value * 1000;
-    const date = new Date(normalized);
-    return Number.isNaN(date.valueOf()) ? null : date.toISOString();
-  }
-
-  if (typeof value === "string" && value.trim().length > 0) {
-    const date = new Date(value);
-    return Number.isNaN(date.valueOf()) ? null : date.toISOString();
-  }
-
-  return null;
-}
-
-export function findTimestamp(
-  value: unknown,
-  candidateKeys: Set<string>,
-  depth = 0,
-): string | null {
-  if (depth > 6) return null;
-
-  if (isRecord(value)) {
-    for (const [key, nested] of Object.entries(value)) {
-      const normalizedKey = key.toLowerCase();
-      if (candidateKeys.has(normalizedKey)) {
-        const parsed = parseTimestamp(nested);
-        if (parsed !== null && parsed.length > 0) return parsed;
-      }
-      const nestedResult = findTimestamp(nested, candidateKeys, depth + 1);
-      if (nestedResult !== null && nestedResult.length > 0) return nestedResult;
-    }
-  } else if (Array.isArray(value)) {
-    for (const nested of value) {
-      const nestedResult = findTimestamp(nested, candidateKeys, depth + 1);
-      if (nestedResult !== null && nestedResult.length > 0) return nestedResult;
-    }
-  }
-
-  return null;
-}
-
-export function extractRequestedTools(tools: unknown): InvestigatorRequestedToolAudit[] {
-  if (!Array.isArray(tools)) return [];
-
-  const extracted: InvestigatorRequestedToolAudit[] = [];
-  for (const [index, tool] of tools.entries()) {
-    if (!isRecord(tool)) continue;
-
-    extracted.push({
-      requestOrder: index,
-      toolType: readString(tool["type"]) ?? "unknown",
-      rawDefinition: sanitizeJsonRecord(tool),
-    });
-  }
-
-  return extracted;
-}
-
-export function extractOutputItems(outputItems: unknown[]): InvestigatorOutputItemAudit[] {
-  const extracted: InvestigatorOutputItemAudit[] = [];
-
-  for (const [outputIndex, outputItem] of outputItems.entries()) {
-    if (!isRecord(outputItem)) {
-      extracted.push({
-        outputIndex,
-        providerItemId: null,
-        itemType: "unknown",
-        itemStatus: null,
-      });
-      continue;
-    }
-
-    const providerItemId = readString(outputItem["id"]);
-    const itemStatus = readString(outputItem["status"]);
-    extracted.push({
-      outputIndex,
-      providerItemId: providerItemId === null || itemStatus === null ? null : providerItemId,
-      itemType: readString(outputItem["type"]) ?? "unknown",
-      itemStatus: providerItemId === null || itemStatus === null ? null : itemStatus,
-    });
-  }
-
-  return extracted;
-}
-
-export function extractOutputTextArtifacts(outputItems: unknown[]): {
-  parts: InvestigatorOutputTextPartAudit[];
-  annotations: InvestigatorOutputTextAnnotationAudit[];
-} {
-  const parts: InvestigatorOutputTextPartAudit[] = [];
-  const annotations: InvestigatorOutputTextAnnotationAudit[] = [];
-
-  for (const [outputIndex, outputItem] of outputItems.entries()) {
-    if (!isRecord(outputItem) || outputItem["type"] !== "message") continue;
-
-    const content = outputItem["content"];
-    if (!Array.isArray(content)) continue;
-
-    for (const [partIndex, part] of content.entries()) {
-      if (!isRecord(part)) continue;
-
-      const partType = readString(part["type"]);
-      if (partType === "output_text") {
-        const text = readString(part["text"]);
-        if (text === null || text.length === 0) continue;
-
-        parts.push({
-          outputIndex,
-          partIndex,
-          partType,
-          text,
-        });
-
-        const partAnnotations = part["annotations"];
-        if (!Array.isArray(partAnnotations)) continue;
-
-        for (const [annotationIndex, annotation] of partAnnotations.entries()) {
-          if (!isRecord(annotation)) continue;
-
-          const startIndex = readOptionalInteger(annotation["start_index"]);
-          const endIndex = readOptionalInteger(annotation["end_index"]);
-
-          const characterPosition =
-            startIndex === null || endIndex === null
-              ? undefined
-              : {
-                  start: startIndex,
-                  end: endIndex,
-                };
-
-          annotations.push({
-            outputIndex,
-            partIndex,
-            annotationIndex,
-            annotationType: readString(annotation["type"]) ?? "unknown",
-            characterPosition,
-            url: readString(annotation["url"]),
-            title: readString(annotation["title"]),
-            fileId: readString(annotation["file_id"]),
-          });
-        }
-
-        continue;
-      }
-
-      if (partType === "refusal") {
-        const refusal = readString(part["refusal"]);
-        if (refusal === null || refusal.length === 0) continue;
-
-        parts.push({
-          outputIndex,
-          partIndex,
-          partType,
-          text: refusal,
-        });
-      }
-    }
-  }
-
-  return { parts, annotations };
-}
-
-export function extractReasoningSummaries(
-  outputItems: unknown[],
-): InvestigatorReasoningSummaryAudit[] {
-  const summaries: InvestigatorReasoningSummaryAudit[] = [];
-
-  for (const [outputIndex, outputItem] of outputItems.entries()) {
-    if (!isRecord(outputItem) || outputItem["type"] !== "reasoning") continue;
-
-    const summary = outputItem["summary"];
-    if (!Array.isArray(summary)) continue;
-
-    for (const [summaryIndex, summaryPart] of summary.entries()) {
-      if (!isRecord(summaryPart)) continue;
-      const text = readString(summaryPart["text"]);
-      if (text === null || text.length === 0) continue;
-
-      summaries.push({
-        outputIndex,
-        summaryIndex,
-        text,
-      });
-    }
-  }
-
-  return summaries;
-}
-
-function toToolCallAudit(
-  outputIndex: number,
-  outputItem: unknown,
-): InvestigatorToolCallAudit | null {
-  if (!isRecord(outputItem)) return null;
-  const type = outputItem["type"];
-  if (type === "message" || type === "reasoning") {
-    return null;
-  }
-  if (typeof type !== "string" || type.length === 0) return null;
-
-  const providerStartedAt = findTimestamp(
-    outputItem,
-    new Set(["started_at", "start_time", "created_at", "createdat", "requested_at", "timestamp"]),
-  );
-  const providerCompletedAt = findTimestamp(
-    outputItem,
-    new Set(["completed_at", "finished_at", "ended_at", "updated_at", "completedat", "finishedat"]),
-  );
-  const providerToolCallId = readString(outputItem["id"]);
-  const status = readString(outputItem["status"]);
-
-  return {
-    outputIndex,
-    providerToolCallId: providerToolCallId === null || status === null ? null : providerToolCallId,
-    toolType: type,
-    status: providerToolCallId === null || status === null ? null : status,
-    rawPayload: sanitizeJsonRecord(outputItem),
-    capturedAt: new Date().toISOString(),
-    providerStartedAt,
-    providerCompletedAt,
-  };
-}
-
-export function extractToolCalls(outputItems: unknown[]): InvestigatorToolCallAudit[] {
-  const entries: InvestigatorToolCallAudit[] = [];
-  for (const [outputIndex, outputItem] of outputItems.entries()) {
-    const entry = toToolCallAudit(outputIndex, outputItem);
-    if (entry) entries.push(entry);
-  }
-  return entries;
-}
-
-export function extractUsage(
-  responseRecord: Record<string, unknown>,
-): InvestigatorUsageAudit | null {
-  const usageValue = responseRecord["usage"];
-  if (!isRecord(usageValue)) return null;
-
-  const inputTokens = readOptionalInteger(usageValue["input_tokens"]);
-  const outputTokens = readOptionalInteger(usageValue["output_tokens"]);
-  const totalTokens = readOptionalInteger(usageValue["total_tokens"]);
-  if (inputTokens === null || outputTokens === null || totalTokens === null) {
-    return null;
+  if (item.type === "reasoning") {
+    return {
+      providerItemId: item.id,
+      itemType: item.type,
+      itemStatus: item.status ?? null,
+      content: { kind: "REASONING", summaries: item.summary.map((summary) => summary.text) },
+    };
   }
-
-  const inputDetails = isRecord(usageValue["input_tokens_details"])
-    ? usageValue["input_tokens_details"]
-    : null;
-  const outputDetails = isRecord(usageValue["output_tokens_details"])
-    ? usageValue["output_tokens_details"]
-    : null;
-
+  // Every other item is a tool call (web_search_call, function_call, …). Their
+  // shapes vary by tool and some carry no status, so the item is kept verbatim.
   return {
-    inputTokens,
-    outputTokens,
-    totalTokens,
-    cachedInputTokens: readOptionalInteger(inputDetails?.["cached_tokens"]),
-    reasoningOutputTokens: readOptionalInteger(outputDetails?.["reasoning_tokens"]),
+    providerItemId: item.id ?? null,
+    itemType: item.type,
+    itemStatus: "status" in item ? (item.status ?? null) : null,
+    content: { kind: "TOOL_CALL", rawPayload: toJsonRecord(item) },
   };
 }
 
-export function extractResponseAudit(
-  responseRecord: Record<string, unknown>,
-): InvestigatorResponseAudit {
-  const outputItems = Array.isArray(responseRecord["output"]) ? responseRecord["output"] : [];
-
-  const outputTextArtifacts = extractOutputTextArtifacts(outputItems);
-
+export function auditResponse(response: Response, receivedAt: Date): InvestigatorResponseAudit {
   return {
-    responseId: readString(responseRecord["id"]),
-    responseStatus: readString(responseRecord["status"]),
-    responseModelVersion: readString(responseRecord["model"]),
-    responseOutputText: readString(responseRecord["output_text"]),
-    outputItems: extractOutputItems(outputItems),
-    outputTextParts: outputTextArtifacts.parts,
-    outputTextAnnotations: outputTextArtifacts.annotations,
-    reasoningSummaries: extractReasoningSummaries(outputItems),
-    toolCalls: extractToolCalls(outputItems),
-    usage: extractUsage(responseRecord),
+    providerResponseId: response.id,
+    status: response.status ?? null,
+    modelVersion: response.model,
+    receivedAt,
+    outputItems: response.output.map(auditOutputItem),
+    usage:
+      response.usage === undefined
+        ? null
+        : {
+            inputTokens: response.usage.input_tokens,
+            outputTokens: response.usage.output_tokens,
+            totalTokens: response.usage.total_tokens,
+            cachedInputTokens: response.usage.input_tokens_details.cached_tokens,
+            reasoningOutputTokens: response.usage.output_tokens_details.reasoning_tokens,
+          },
   };
 }
 
-export function offsetResponseAuditIndices(
-  audit: InvestigatorResponseAudit,
-  outputIndexOffset: number,
-): InvestigatorResponseAudit {
-  if (outputIndexOffset === 0) return audit;
-
+/** Audits a request exactly as sent (see InvestigatorRequestAudit.input for images). */
+export function auditRequest(input: {
+  subject: InvestigatorRequestSubject;
+  params: InvestigationRequestParams;
+  auditInput: InvestigatorRequestAudit["input"];
+  response: InvestigatorResponseAudit | null;
+}): InvestigatorRequestAudit {
+  const { params } = input;
   return {
-    ...audit,
-    outputItems: audit.outputItems.map((item) => ({
-      ...item,
-      outputIndex: item.outputIndex + outputIndexOffset,
-    })),
-    outputTextParts: audit.outputTextParts.map((part) => ({
-      ...part,
-      outputIndex: part.outputIndex + outputIndexOffset,
-    })),
-    outputTextAnnotations: audit.outputTextAnnotations.map((annotation) => ({
-      ...annotation,
-      outputIndex: annotation.outputIndex + outputIndexOffset,
-    })),
-    reasoningSummaries: audit.reasoningSummaries.map((summary) => ({
-      ...summary,
-      outputIndex: summary.outputIndex + outputIndexOffset,
-    })),
-    toolCalls: audit.toolCalls.map((toolCall) => ({
-      ...toolCall,
-      outputIndex: toolCall.outputIndex + outputIndexOffset,
+    subject: input.subject,
+    model: params.model,
+    instructions: params.instructions,
+    input: input.auditInput,
+    previousResponseId: params.previous_response_id ?? null,
+    reasoningEffort: params.reasoning.effort ?? null,
+    reasoningSummary: params.reasoning.summary ?? null,
+    include: [...(params.include ?? [])],
+    tools: (params.tools ?? []).map((tool) => ({
+      toolType: tool.type,
+      rawDefinition: toJsonRecord(tool),
     })),
+    response: input.response,
   };
 }
 
-export function aggregateUsage(
-  usages: (InvestigatorUsageAudit | null)[],
-): InvestigatorUsageAudit | null {
-  const presentUsages = usages.filter((usage): usage is InvestigatorUsageAudit => usage !== null);
-  if (presentUsages.length === 0) return null;
-
-  return presentUsages.reduce<InvestigatorUsageAudit>(
-    (accumulator, usage) => ({
-      inputTokens: accumulator.inputTokens + usage.inputTokens,
-      outputTokens: accumulator.outputTokens + usage.outputTokens,
-      totalTokens: accumulator.totalTokens + usage.totalTokens,
-      cachedInputTokens: (accumulator.cachedInputTokens ?? 0) + (usage.cachedInputTokens ?? 0),
-      reasoningOutputTokens:
-        (accumulator.reasoningOutputTokens ?? 0) + (usage.reasoningOutputTokens ?? 0),
-    }),
-    {
-      inputTokens: 0,
-      outputTokens: 0,
-      totalTokens: 0,
-      cachedInputTokens: 0,
-      reasoningOutputTokens: 0,
-    },
-  );
-}
-
-export function mergeResponseAudits(
-  responseAudits: InvestigatorResponseAudit[],
-): InvestigatorResponseAudit {
-  if (responseAudits.length === 0) {
-    throw new Error("Cannot merge empty response audits");
+export function buildErrorAudit(error: unknown): InvestigatorErrorAudit {
+  if (error instanceof Error) {
+    return {
+      // OpenAI SDK errors keep the generic name "Error"; their class names the failure.
+      errorName: error.name === "Error" ? error.constructor.name : error.name,
+      errorMessage: error.message,
+      statusCode: readOpenAiStatusCode(error),
+    };
   }
 
-  const finalAudit = responseAudits[responseAudits.length - 1];
-  if (!finalAudit) throw new Error("Cannot merge empty response audits");
   return {
-    responseId: finalAudit.responseId,
-    responseStatus: finalAudit.responseStatus,
-    responseModelVersion: finalAudit.responseModelVersion,
-    responseOutputText: finalAudit.responseOutputText,
-    outputItems: responseAudits.flatMap((audit) => audit.outputItems),
-    outputTextParts: responseAudits.flatMap((audit) => audit.outputTextParts),
-    outputTextAnnotations: responseAudits.flatMap((audit) => audit.outputTextAnnotations),
-    reasoningSummaries: responseAudits.flatMap((audit) => audit.reasoningSummaries),
-    toolCalls: responseAudits.flatMap((audit) => audit.toolCalls),
-    usage: aggregateUsage(responseAudits.map((audit) => audit.usage)),
+    errorName: "UnknownError",
+    errorMessage: typeof error === "string" ? error : "unknown",
+    statusCode: null,
   };
 }
diff --git a/src/typescript/api/src/lib/investigators/openai-schemas.ts b/src/typescript/api/src/lib/investigators/openai-schemas.ts
deleted file mode 100644
index 02efbc6..0000000
--- a/src/typescript/api/src/lib/investigators/openai-schemas.ts
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,35 +0,0 @@
-import { z } from "zod";
-
-export const claimValidationResultSchema = z
-  .object({
-    approved: z.boolean(),
-  })
-  .strict();
-
-// OpenAI structured outputs currently reject JSON Schema `format: "uri"`.
-// Keep provider-facing schema to plain strings/patterns, then enforce the
-// full shared schema (`investigationResultSchema`) before returning.
-export const providerStructuredSourceUrlSchema = z
-  .string()
-  .min(1)
-  .regex(/^https?:\/\/\S+$/i, "Source URL must be an absolute http(s) URL");
-
-export const providerStructuredInvestigationClaimPayloadSchema = z
-  .object({
-    text: z.string().min(1),
-    context: z.string().min(1),
-    summary: z.string().min(1),
-    reasoning: z.string().min(1),
-    sources: z
-      .array(
-        z
-          .object({
-            url: providerStructuredSourceUrlSchema,
-            title: z.string().min(1),
-            snippet: z.string().min(1),
-          })
-          .strict(),
-      )
-      .min(1),
-  })
-  .strict();
diff --git a/src/typescript/api/src/lib/investigators/openai-tool-dispatch.ts b/src/typescript/api/src/lib/investigators/openai-tool-dispatch.ts
index 8cb0941..f5e3f14 100644
--- a/src/typescript/api/src/lib/investigators/openai-tool-dispatch.ts
+++ b/src/typescript/api/src/lib/investigators/openai-tool-dispatch.ts
@@ -1,97 +1,6 @@
-import { isNonNullObject } from "@openerrata/shared";
+import type { Response } from "openai/resources/responses/responses";
 import { FETCH_URL_TOOL_NAME, executeFetchUrlTool } from "./fetch-url-tool.js";
-import { readString } from "./openai-response-audit.js";
-
-const isRecord = isNonNullObject;
-
-export const SUBMIT_CORRECTION_TOOL_NAME = "submit_correction";
-export const RETAIN_CORRECTION_TOOL_NAME = "retain_correction";
-
-/**
- * OpenAI function tool definition for submitting an individual claim.
- * The model calls this as it discovers each correction during investigation.
- *
- * Uses `strict: true` to enable structured outputs for the tool parameters.
- * The JSON Schema mirrors `providerStructuredInvestigationClaimPayloadSchema`
- * from `openai-schemas.ts` but is expressed as a plain object because the
- * OpenAI SDK requires a JSON Schema object, not a Zod schema.
- */
-export const submitCorrectionToolDefinition = {
-  type: "function" as const,
-  name: SUBMIT_CORRECTION_TOOL_NAME,
-  description:
-    "Submit a single factual correction you have found and verified. " +
-    "Call this tool for each incorrect claim you discover — do not wait " +
-    "until you have found all claims.",
-  strict: true as const,
-  parameters: {
-    type: "object" as const,
-    properties: {
-      text: { type: "string" as const, description: "The exact text of the incorrect claim." },
-      context: {
-        type: "string" as const,
-        description: "Surrounding context that disambiguates the claim location.",
-      },
-      summary: {
-        type: "string" as const,
-        description: "A one-sentence summary of what is incorrect and why.",
-      },
-      reasoning: {
-        type: "string" as const,
-        description: "Detailed reasoning with evidence for why the claim is incorrect.",
-      },
-      sources: {
-        type: "array" as const,
-        items: {
-          type: "object" as const,
-          properties: {
-            url: { type: "string" as const, description: "Source URL (absolute http/https)." },
-            title: { type: "string" as const, description: "Title of the source." },
-            snippet: {
-              type: "string" as const,
-              description: "Relevant snippet from the source.",
-            },
-          },
-          required: ["url", "title", "snippet"] as const,
-          additionalProperties: false as const,
-        },
-        description: "At least one supporting source.",
-      },
-    },
-    required: ["text", "context", "summary", "reasoning", "sources"] as const,
-    additionalProperties: false as const,
-  },
-};
-
-/**
- * OpenAI function tool definition for retaining an existing claim during
- * update investigations. The model calls this to carry forward a previously
- * validated claim unchanged.
- */
-// eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/explicit-module-boundary-types -- return type is intentionally inferred; the `as const` assertions on each field provide narrow literal types
-export function buildRetainCorrectionToolDefinition(oldClaimIds: [string, ...string[]]) {
-  return {
-    type: "function" as const,
-    name: RETAIN_CORRECTION_TOOL_NAME,
-    description:
-      "Retain an existing claim from the previous investigation that is " +
-      "still correct and relevant. Use this instead of re-submitting the " +
-      "same claim via submit_correction.",
-    strict: true as const,
-    parameters: {
-      type: "object" as const,
-      properties: {
-        id: {
-          type: "string" as const,
-          enum: oldClaimIds,
-          description: "The ID of the existing claim to retain.",
-        },
-      },
-      required: ["id"] as const,
-      additionalProperties: false as const,
-    },
-  };
-}
+import { RETAIN_CORRECTION_TOOL_NAME, SUBMIT_CORRECTION_TOOL_NAME } from "./openai-claim-tools.js";
 
 export interface PendingFunctionToolCall {
   callId: string;
@@ -109,57 +18,54 @@ export function buildFunctionCallOutput(callId: string, output: string): Functio
   return { type: "function_call_output", call_id: callId, output };
 }
 
-export function extractPendingFunctionToolCalls(
-  responseRecord: Record<string, unknown>,
-): PendingFunctionToolCall[] {
-  const outputItems = Array.isArray(responseRecord["output"]) ? responseRecord["output"] : [];
-
-  const calls: PendingFunctionToolCall[] = [];
-  for (const outputItem of outputItems) {
-    if (!isRecord(outputItem) || outputItem["type"] !== "function_call") continue;
-
-    const callId = readString(outputItem["call_id"]);
-    const name = readString(outputItem["name"]);
-    const argumentsJson = readString(outputItem["arguments"]);
-    if (
-      callId === null ||
-      callId.length === 0 ||
-      name === null ||
-      name.length === 0 ||
-      argumentsJson === null
-    ) {
-      continue;
-    }
-
-    calls.push({ callId, name, argumentsJson });
-  }
-
-  return calls;
+/** Function calls the model is waiting on, in the order it emitted them. */
+export function extractFunctionToolCalls(response: Response): PendingFunctionToolCall[] {
+  return response.output.flatMap((item) =>
+    item.type === "function_call"
+      ? [{ callId: item.call_id, name: item.name, argumentsJson: item.arguments }]
+      : [],
+  );
 }
 
-export function deduplicateFunctionToolCalls(
-  calls: PendingFunctionToolCall[],
-): PendingFunctionToolCall[] {
-  const deduplicated: PendingFunctionToolCall[] = [];
-  const seen = new Set<string>();
-  for (const call of calls) {
-    if (seen.has(call.callId)) continue;
-    seen.add(call.callId);
-    deduplicated.push(call);
-  }
-  return deduplicated;
+interface FunctionCallHandlers {
+  submitCorrection: (call: PendingFunctionToolCall) => FunctionCallOutput;
+  retainCorrection: (call: PendingFunctionToolCall) => FunctionCallOutput;
+  /** Any other function tool (research tools such as fetch_url). */
+  research: (call: PendingFunctionToolCall) => Promise<FunctionCallOutput>;
 }
 
-/** Returns true if the tool call is a claim submission/retain tool handled by the investigator loop. */
-export function isClaimToolCall(call: PendingFunctionToolCall): boolean {
-  return call.name === SUBMIT_CORRECTION_TOOL_NAME || call.name === RETAIN_CORRECTION_TOOL_NAME;
+/**
+ * Answers every call of a round. Claim tool calls are handled synchronously in
+ * emission order (which fixes claim submission order); research calls run
+ * concurrently.
+ */
+export async function dispatchFunctionToolCalls(
+  calls: readonly PendingFunctionToolCall[],
+  handlers: FunctionCallHandlers,
+): Promise<FunctionCallOutput[]> {
+  return Promise.all(
+    // The async callback runs synchronously up to its first await, so the
+    // claim handlers still run one after another in emission order.
+    calls.map(async (call) => {
+      switch (call.name) {
+        case SUBMIT_CORRECTION_TOOL_NAME:
+          return handlers.submitCorrection(call);
+        case RETAIN_CORRECTION_TOOL_NAME:
+          return handlers.retainCorrection(call);
+        default:
+          return handlers.research(call);
+      }
+    }),
+  );
 }
 
 export async function executeFunctionToolCall(
   call: PendingFunctionToolCall,
+  signal: AbortSignal,
 ): Promise<FunctionCallOutput> {
+  signal.throwIfAborted();
   if (call.name === FETCH_URL_TOOL_NAME) {
-    const toolOutput = await executeFetchUrlTool(call.argumentsJson);
+    const toolOutput = await executeFetchUrlTool(call.argumentsJson, signal);
     return buildFunctionCallOutput(call.callId, JSON.stringify(toolOutput));
   }
 
diff --git a/src/typescript/api/src/lib/investigators/openai-tool-loop.ts b/src/typescript/api/src/lib/investigators/openai-tool-loop.ts
index c65aeb6..c200700 100644
--- a/src/typescript/api/src/lib/investigators/openai-tool-loop.ts
+++ b/src/typescript/api/src/lib/investigators/openai-tool-loop.ts
@@ -1,147 +1,108 @@
 import type OpenAI from "openai";
-import type { ResponseCreateParamsNonStreaming } from "openai/resources/responses/responses";
-import { isNonNullObject } from "@openerrata/shared";
-import type { InvestigatorResponseAudit } from "./interface.js";
-import { InvestigatorStructuredOutputError } from "./openai-errors.js";
+import type { Response, Tool } from "openai/resources/responses/responses";
+import type { InvestigatorRequestAudit } from "./interface.js";
+import type { AuditedRequestInput } from "./openai-input-builder.js";
 import {
-  extractResponseAudit,
-  offsetResponseAuditIndices,
-  readString,
-} from "./openai-response-audit.js";
+  buildFactCheckRequestParams,
+  type InvestigationRequestConfig,
+} from "./openai-request-config.js";
+import { auditRequest, auditResponse } from "./openai-response-audit.js";
 import {
-  deduplicateFunctionToolCalls,
-  extractPendingFunctionToolCalls,
-  isClaimToolCall,
-  RETAIN_CORRECTION_TOOL_NAME,
-  SUBMIT_CORRECTION_TOOL_NAME,
+  extractFunctionToolCalls,
   type FunctionCallOutput,
   type PendingFunctionToolCall,
 } from "./openai-tool-dispatch.js";
 
-const isRecord = isNonNullObject;
-
-interface RequestReasoning {
-  effort: "low" | "medium" | "high";
-  summary: "auto" | "concise" | "detailed";
-}
-
-type RequiredResponseInput = NonNullable<ResponseCreateParamsNonStreaming["input"]>;
-
-interface BaseResponseRequest {
-  model: NonNullable<ResponseCreateParamsNonStreaming["model"]>;
-  stream: false;
-  instructions: string;
-  tools: NonNullable<ResponseCreateParamsNonStreaming["tools"]>;
-  reasoning: RequestReasoning;
-}
-
-export class ToolLoopExecutionError extends Error {
-  readonly responseAudits: readonly InvestigatorResponseAudit[];
-
-  constructor(
-    message: string,
-    responseAudits: readonly InvestigatorResponseAudit[],
-    cause?: unknown,
-  ) {
-    super(message, ...(cause !== undefined ? [{ cause }] : []));
-    this.name = "ToolLoopExecutionError";
-    this.responseAudits = responseAudits;
-  }
-}
-
-interface ToolLoopResult {
-  latestResponseRecord: Record<string, unknown> | null;
-  responseAudits: InvestigatorResponseAudit[];
-}
+/**
+ * How the stage-1 fact-check loop ended. `rounds` audits every request made,
+ * including a final one that failed without a response.
+ */
+type ToolLoopResult =
+  | {
+      /** The model stopped calling function tools. */
+      kind: "completed";
+      rounds: InvestigatorRequestAudit[];
+      finalResponse: Response;
+    }
+  | {
+      /** The model still had function calls pending when no round was left to answer them. */
+      kind: "round_limit";
+      rounds: InvestigatorRequestAudit[];
+    }
+  | {
+      /** A response ended with a status other than "completed". */
+      kind: "response_not_completed";
+      rounds: InvestigatorRequestAudit[];
+      response: Response;
+    }
+  | {
+      /** A provider request or a tool call threw. */
+      kind: "failed";
+      rounds: InvestigatorRequestAudit[];
+      error: unknown;
+    };
 
 export async function runToolLoop(input: {
   client: OpenAI;
-  maxResponseToolRounds: number;
-  baseResponseRequest: BaseResponseRequest;
-  initialInput: RequiredResponseInput;
-  handleSubmittedClaims: (
-    calls: PendingFunctionToolCall[],
-  ) => FunctionCallOutput[] | Promise<FunctionCallOutput[]>;
-  handleRetainedClaims: (
-    calls: PendingFunctionToolCall[],
-  ) => FunctionCallOutput[] | Promise<FunctionCallOutput[]>;
-  handleResearchCalls: (
-    calls: PendingFunctionToolCall[],
-  ) => FunctionCallOutput[] | Promise<FunctionCallOutput[]>;
+  requestConfig: InvestigationRequestConfig;
+  /** At least 1. */
+  maxRounds: number;
+  instructions: string;
+  tools: Tool[];
+  initialInput: AuditedRequestInput;
+  signal: AbortSignal;
+  handleFunctionCalls: (calls: PendingFunctionToolCall[]) => Promise<FunctionCallOutput[]>;
 }): Promise<ToolLoopResult> {
-  let outputIndexOffset = 0;
+  const rounds: InvestigatorRequestAudit[] = [];
+  let roundInput = input.initialInput;
   let previousResponseId: string | null = null;
-  let latestResponseRecord: Record<string, unknown> | null = null;
-  let nextInput: RequiredResponseInput = input.initialInput;
-  const responseAudits: InvestigatorResponseAudit[] = [];
 
-  let round = 0;
-  while (round < input.maxResponseToolRounds) {
-    const responseRequest: ResponseCreateParamsNonStreaming =
-      round === 0
-        ? {
-            ...input.baseResponseRequest,
-            input: nextInput,
-          }
-        : {
-            ...input.baseResponseRequest,
-            previous_response_id: previousResponseId,
-            input: nextInput,
-          };
+  for (let round = 0; ; round += 1) {
+    const subject = { kind: "FACT_CHECK_ROUND", round } as const;
+    const params = buildFactCheckRequestParams(input.requestConfig, {
+      instructions: input.instructions,
+      tools: input.tools,
+      input: roundInput.request,
+      previousResponseId,
+    });
 
-    let response: unknown;
+    let response: Response;
     try {
-      response = await input.client.responses.create(responseRequest);
+      response = await input.client.responses.create(params, { signal: input.signal });
     } catch (error) {
-      throw new ToolLoopExecutionError(
-        "OpenAI Responses API request failed",
-        responseAudits,
-        error,
-      );
+      rounds.push(auditRequest({ subject, params, auditInput: roundInput.audit, response: null }));
+      return { kind: "failed", rounds, error };
     }
-
-    const responseRecord = isRecord(response) ? response : {};
-    latestResponseRecord = responseRecord;
-    previousResponseId = readString(responseRecord["id"]);
-
-    const responseAudit = extractResponseAudit(responseRecord);
-    responseAudits.push(offsetResponseAuditIndices(responseAudit, outputIndexOffset));
-    outputIndexOffset += responseAudit.outputItems.length;
-
-    const pendingFunctionCalls = deduplicateFunctionToolCalls(
-      extractPendingFunctionToolCalls(responseRecord),
+    rounds.push(
+      auditRequest({
+        subject,
+        params,
+        auditInput: roundInput.audit,
+        response: auditResponse(response, new Date()),
+      }),
     );
-    if (pendingFunctionCalls.length === 0) {
-      break;
-    }
 
-    if (previousResponseId === null || previousResponseId.length === 0) {
-      throw new ToolLoopExecutionError(
-        "Tool calls were emitted without a response id",
-        responseAudits,
-        new InvestigatorStructuredOutputError("Tool calls were emitted without a response id"),
-      );
+    if (response.status !== "completed") {
+      return { kind: "response_not_completed", rounds, response };
     }
 
-    const submittedClaims = pendingFunctionCalls.filter(
-      (call) => call.name === SUBMIT_CORRECTION_TOOL_NAME,
-    );
-    const retainedClaims = pendingFunctionCalls.filter(
-      (call) => call.name === RETAIN_CORRECTION_TOOL_NAME,
-    );
-    const researchCalls = pendingFunctionCalls.filter((call) => !isClaimToolCall(call));
-
-    const outputs: FunctionCallOutput[] = [];
-    outputs.push(...(await input.handleSubmittedClaims(submittedClaims)));
-    outputs.push(...(await input.handleRetainedClaims(retainedClaims)));
-    outputs.push(...(await input.handleResearchCalls(researchCalls)));
+    const calls = extractFunctionToolCalls(response);
+    if (calls.length === 0) {
+      return { kind: "completed", rounds, finalResponse: response };
+    }
+    // Answering these calls needs another round; don't run tools (or schedule
+    // claim validations) whose outputs could never be sent.
+    if (round + 1 >= input.maxRounds) {
+      return { kind: "round_limit", rounds };
+    }
 
-    nextInput = outputs;
-    round += 1;
+    let outputs: FunctionCallOutput[];
+    try {
+      outputs = await input.handleFunctionCalls(calls);
+    } catch (error) {
+      return { kind: "failed", rounds, error };
+    }
+    roundInput = { request: outputs, audit: outputs.map((output) => ({ ...output })) };
+    previousResponseId = response.id;
   }
-
-  return {
-    latestResponseRecord,
-    responseAudits,
-  };
 }
diff --git a/src/typescript/api/src/lib/investigators/openai.ts b/src/typescript/api/src/lib/investigators/openai.ts
index bbd349a..01c4682 100644
--- a/src/typescript/api/src/lib/investigators/openai.ts
+++ b/src/typescript/api/src/lib/investigators/openai.ts
@@ -1,456 +1,255 @@
 import OpenAI from "openai";
 import pLimit from "p-limit";
-import {
-  DEFAULT_INVESTIGATION_MODEL,
-  DEFAULT_INVESTIGATION_PROVIDER,
-  investigationResultSchema,
-  isNonNullObject,
-  type InvestigationResult,
-} from "@openerrata/shared";
+import type { InvestigationClaimPayload } from "@openerrata/shared";
 import { getEnv } from "$lib/config/env.js";
-import { fetchUrlToolDefinition } from "./fetch-url-tool.js";
+import {
+  InvestigatorExecutionError,
+  InvestigatorIncompleteResponseError,
+  InvestigatorStructuredOutputError,
+} from "./errors.js";
 import type {
-  InvestigationProgressCallbacks,
+  InvestigateOptions,
   Investigator,
-  InvestigatorAttemptAudit,
   InvestigatorInput,
   InvestigatorOutput,
+  InvestigatorRequestAudit,
 } from "./interface.js";
-import { InvestigatorStructuredOutputError } from "./openai-errors.js";
-import {
-  INVESTIGATION_SYSTEM_PROMPT,
-  INVESTIGATION_UPDATE_SYSTEM_PROMPT,
-  buildUserPrompt,
-} from "./prompt.js";
-import { providerStructuredInvestigationClaimPayloadSchema } from "./openai-schemas.js";
-import { buildInitialInput, buildValidationImageContextNotes } from "./openai-input-builder.js";
-import { readIncompleteReason, mergeResponseAudits } from "./openai-response-audit.js";
 import {
-  RETAIN_CORRECTION_TOOL_NAME,
-  SUBMIT_CORRECTION_TOOL_NAME,
-  buildFunctionCallOutput,
-  buildRetainCorrectionToolDefinition,
-  deduplicateFunctionToolCalls,
-  executeFunctionToolCall,
-  extractPendingFunctionToolCalls,
-  type FunctionCallOutput,
-  type PendingFunctionToolCall,
-  submitCorrectionToolDefinition,
-} from "./openai-tool-dispatch.js";
+  parseRetainCorrectionArguments,
+  parseSubmitCorrectionArguments,
+} from "./openai-claim-tools.js";
+import { createClaimValidationScheduler } from "./openai-claim-validation-scheduler.js";
 import {
-  InvestigatorIncompleteResponseError,
   MAX_PER_CLAIM_VALIDATION_CONCURRENCY,
-  type PerClaimValidationResult,
   validateClaim,
+  type ClaimValidationResult,
 } from "./openai-claim-validator.js";
-import {
-  createClaimValidationScheduler,
-  type ClaimValidationScheduler,
-} from "./openai-claim-validation-scheduler.js";
+import { buildInitialInput, buildValidationImageContextNotes } from "./openai-input-builder.js";
 import {
   createInvestigationRunState,
   getConfirmedClaims,
 } from "./openai-investigation-run-state.js";
-import { runToolLoop, ToolLoopExecutionError } from "./openai-tool-loop.js";
 import {
-  buildFailedAttemptAudit,
-  buildFullAttemptResponseAudit,
-  buildSuccessfulAttemptAudit,
-  createStageOneAttemptAuditBase,
-  createStageTwoAttemptAuditBase,
-} from "./openai-attempt-audit-builder.js";
-
-const isRecord = isNonNullObject;
-
-const DEFAULT_REASONING_EFFORT = "medium";
-const DEFAULT_REASONING_SUMMARY = "detailed";
-export { InvestigatorStructuredOutputError } from "./openai-errors.js";
-
-function getOpenAiModelId(): string {
-  return getEnv().OPENAI_MODEL_ID;
-}
+  buildFactCheckTools,
+  INVESTIGATION_REQUEST_CONFIG,
+  type InvestigationRequestConfig,
+} from "./openai-request-config.js";
+import { buildErrorAudit } from "./openai-response-audit.js";
+import {
+  buildFunctionCallOutput,
+  dispatchFunctionToolCalls,
+  executeFunctionToolCall,
+  type FunctionCallOutput,
+  type PendingFunctionToolCall,
+} from "./openai-tool-dispatch.js";
+import { runToolLoop } from "./openai-tool-loop.js";
+import {
+  INVESTIGATION_SYSTEM_PROMPT,
+  INVESTIGATION_UPDATE_SYSTEM_PROMPT,
+  buildUserPrompt,
+} from "./prompt.js";
 
-function getMaxResponseToolRounds(): number {
-  return getEnv().OPENAI_MAX_RESPONSE_TOOL_ROUNDS;
+interface OpenAIInvestigatorConfig {
+  client: OpenAI;
+  requestConfig: InvestigationRequestConfig;
+  /** Upper bound on stage-1 fact-check rounds (provider requests); at least 1. */
+  maxToolRounds: number;
 }
 
-export class InvestigatorExecutionError extends Error {
-  readonly attemptAudit: InvestigatorAttemptAudit;
-  override readonly cause: unknown;
+const ACKNOWLEDGED_OUTPUT = JSON.stringify({ acknowledged: true });
 
-  constructor(message: string, attemptAudit: InvestigatorAttemptAudit, cause?: unknown) {
-    super(message);
-    this.name = "InvestigatorExecutionError";
-    this.attemptAudit = attemptAudit;
-    this.cause = cause;
+function nonEmptyClaimIds(input: InvestigatorInput): readonly [string, ...string[]] | null {
+  if (input.isUpdate !== true) {
+    return null;
   }
+  const [firstClaim, ...remainingClaims] = input.oldClaims;
+  return firstClaim === undefined
+    ? null
+    : [firstClaim.id, ...remainingClaims.map((claim) => claim.id)];
 }
 
-type StageOneClaim = InvestigationResult["claims"][number];
-
+/**
+ * Two-stage OpenAI investigation (SPEC §2.4): a stage-1 fact-check tool loop
+ * in which the model submits candidate claims, and a stage-2 validation call
+ * per candidate, started as each claim is submitted.
+ */
 export class OpenAIInvestigator implements Investigator {
-  readonly provider = DEFAULT_INVESTIGATION_PROVIDER;
-  readonly model = DEFAULT_INVESTIGATION_MODEL;
+  private readonly config: OpenAIInvestigatorConfig;
 
-  private client: OpenAI;
-  private readonly overrideModelId: string | undefined;
-  private readonly overrideMaxToolRounds: number | undefined;
-
-  constructor(
-    apiKey: string,
-    overrides?: { client?: OpenAI; modelId?: string; maxToolRounds?: number },
-  ) {
-    this.client = overrides?.client ?? new OpenAI({ apiKey });
-    this.overrideModelId = overrides?.modelId;
-    this.overrideMaxToolRounds = overrides?.maxToolRounds;
+  constructor(config: OpenAIInvestigatorConfig) {
+    if (!Number.isInteger(config.maxToolRounds) || config.maxToolRounds < 1) {
+      throw new Error(
+        `maxToolRounds must be a positive integer (got ${config.maxToolRounds.toString()})`,
+      );
+    }
+    this.config = config;
   }
 
   async investigate(
     input: InvestigatorInput,
-    callbacks?: InvestigationProgressCallbacks,
+    options: InvestigateOptions,
   ): Promise<InvestigatorOutput> {
-    const openAiModelId = this.overrideModelId ?? getOpenAiModelId();
-    const maxResponseToolRounds = this.overrideMaxToolRounds ?? getMaxResponseToolRounds();
-    const systemPrompt =
-      input.isUpdate === true ? INVESTIGATION_UPDATE_SYSTEM_PROMPT : INVESTIGATION_SYSTEM_PROMPT;
-    const userPromptResult = buildUserPrompt({
-      contentText: input.contentText,
-      ...(input.contentMarkdown !== undefined && { contentMarkdown: input.contentMarkdown }),
-      platform: input.platform,
-      url: input.url,
-      ...(input.authorName !== undefined && { authorName: input.authorName }),
-      ...(input.postPublishedAt !== undefined && { postPublishedAt: input.postPublishedAt }),
-      ...(input.hasVideo !== undefined && { hasVideo: input.hasVideo }),
-      ...(input.isUpdate
-        ? {
-            isUpdate: true as const,
-            oldClaims: input.oldClaims,
-            ...(input.contentDiff !== undefined && { contentDiff: input.contentDiff }),
-          }
-        : {}),
-    });
+    const { client, requestConfig } = this.config;
+    const { signal } = options;
+    const startedAt = new Date();
+
+    const userPrompt = buildUserPrompt(input);
     const initialInput = buildInitialInput(
-      userPromptResult.prompt,
-      userPromptResult.contentString,
-      userPromptResult.contentOffset,
+      userPrompt.prompt,
+      userPrompt.contentString,
+      userPrompt.contentOffset,
       input.imageOccurrences,
       input.imagePlaceholders,
     );
     const validationImageContextNotes = buildValidationImageContextNotes(input.imageOccurrences);
-    const client = this.client;
-
-    // ── Build tool set ────────────────────────────────────────────────
-    const nonEmptyOldClaimIds: [string, ...string[]] | null = (() => {
-      if (input.isUpdate !== true) {
-        return null;
-      }
-      const [firstClaim, ...remainingClaims] = input.oldClaims;
-      if (firstClaim === undefined) {
-        return null;
-      }
-      return [firstClaim.id, ...remainingClaims.map((claim) => claim.id)];
-    })();
-
-    const requestedTools = [
-      { type: "web_search_preview" as const },
-      fetchUrlToolDefinition,
-      submitCorrectionToolDefinition,
-      ...(nonEmptyOldClaimIds !== null
-        ? [buildRetainCorrectionToolDefinition(nonEmptyOldClaimIds)]
-        : []),
-    ];
-
-    const requestReasoning = {
-      effort: DEFAULT_REASONING_EFFORT as "low" | "medium" | "high",
-      summary: DEFAULT_REASONING_SUMMARY as "auto" | "concise" | "detailed",
-    };
-
-    const baseResponseRequest = {
-      model: openAiModelId,
-      stream: false as const,
-      instructions: systemPrompt,
-      tools: requestedTools,
-      reasoning: requestReasoning,
-    };
-
-    const startedAt = new Date().toISOString();
-    const stageOneAttemptAuditBase = createStageOneAttemptAuditBase({
-      startedAt,
-      openAiModelId,
-      systemPrompt,
-      userPrompt: userPromptResult.prompt,
-      requestReasoning,
-      requestedTools,
-    });
+    const retainableClaimIds = nonEmptyClaimIds(input);
 
     const validationLimiter = pLimit(MAX_PER_CLAIM_VALIDATION_CONCURRENCY);
-    const validationScheduler: ClaimValidationScheduler = createClaimValidationScheduler({
+    const validations = createClaimValidationScheduler({
       initialState: createInvestigationRunState(
         input.isUpdate === true ? { oldClaims: input.oldClaims } : {},
       ),
       validationLimiter,
       runValidation: (claimIndex, claim) =>
-        validateClaim(
+        validateClaim({
           client,
-          openAiModelId,
+          requestConfig,
           claimIndex,
           claim,
-          input.contentText,
-          validationImageContextNotes,
-          requestReasoning,
-        ),
-      ...(callbacks === undefined ? {} : { callbacks }),
+          contentText: input.contentText,
+          imageContextNotes: validationImageContextNotes,
+          signal,
+        }),
+      ...(options.callbacks === undefined ? {} : { callbacks: options.callbacks }),
     });
 
-    const handleSubmittedClaims = (calls: PendingFunctionToolCall[]): FunctionCallOutput[] => {
-      const outputs: FunctionCallOutput[] = [];
-      for (const call of calls) {
-        let claim: StageOneClaim;
-        try {
-          claim = providerStructuredInvestigationClaimPayloadSchema.parse(
-            JSON.parse(call.argumentsJson),
-          );
-        } catch (error) {
-          console.warn(
-            `Malformed ${SUBMIT_CORRECTION_TOOL_NAME} tool call (call_id=${call.callId}):`,
-            error instanceof Error ? error.message : error,
-          );
-          outputs.push(
-            buildFunctionCallOutput(
-              call.callId,
-              JSON.stringify({ error: "Invalid claim payload" }),
-            ),
-          );
-          continue;
-        }
-
-        validationScheduler.scheduleClaimValidation(claim);
-        outputs.push(buildFunctionCallOutput(call.callId, '{"acknowledged":true}'));
+    const submitCorrection = (call: PendingFunctionToolCall): FunctionCallOutput => {
+      const claim = parseSubmitCorrectionArguments(call.argumentsJson);
+      if (claim.kind === "invalid") {
+        return buildFunctionCallOutput(
+          call.callId,
+          JSON.stringify({ error: `Invalid claim, not recorded: ${claim.error}` }),
+        );
       }
-      return outputs;
+      validations.scheduleClaimValidation(claim.value);
+      return buildFunctionCallOutput(call.callId, ACKNOWLEDGED_OUTPUT);
     };
 
-    const handleRetainedClaims = (calls: PendingFunctionToolCall[]): FunctionCallOutput[] => {
-      const outputs: FunctionCallOutput[] = [];
-      for (const call of calls) {
-        let retainId: string;
-        try {
-          const raw: unknown = JSON.parse(call.argumentsJson);
-          if (!isRecord(raw) || typeof raw["id"] !== "string") {
-            outputs.push(
-              buildFunctionCallOutput(
-                call.callId,
-                JSON.stringify({ error: "Invalid retain arguments: missing id" }),
-              ),
-            );
-            continue;
-          }
-          retainId = raw["id"];
-        } catch (error) {
-          console.warn(
-            `Malformed ${RETAIN_CORRECTION_TOOL_NAME} tool call (call_id=${call.callId}):`,
-            error instanceof Error ? error.message : error,
-          );
-          outputs.push(
-            buildFunctionCallOutput(
-              call.callId,
-              JSON.stringify({ error: "Invalid retain arguments" }),
-            ),
-          );
-          continue;
-        }
-
-        const retained = validationScheduler.retainClaimById(retainId);
-        if (retained.kind === "error") {
-          outputs.push(
-            buildFunctionCallOutput(call.callId, JSON.stringify({ error: retained.errorMessage })),
-          );
-          continue;
-        }
-
-        outputs.push(buildFunctionCallOutput(call.callId, '{"acknowledged":true}'));
+    const retainCorrection = (call: PendingFunctionToolCall): FunctionCallOutput => {
+      if (retainableClaimIds === null) {
+        return buildFunctionCallOutput(
+          call.callId,
+          JSON.stringify({ error: "There are no prior claims to retain" }),
+        );
       }
-      return outputs;
-    };
-
-    let loopResult: Awaited<ReturnType<typeof runToolLoop>>;
-    try {
-      loopResult = await runToolLoop({
-        client,
-        maxResponseToolRounds,
-        baseResponseRequest,
-        initialInput,
-        handleSubmittedClaims,
-        handleRetainedClaims,
-        handleResearchCalls: (calls) =>
-          Promise.all(calls.map((call) => executeFunctionToolCall(call))),
-      });
-    } catch (error) {
-      await validationScheduler.settleAllValidations();
-
-      if (error instanceof ToolLoopExecutionError) {
-        const responseAuditSnapshot = [...error.responseAudits];
-        const attemptAudit = buildFailedAttemptAudit({
-          base: stageOneAttemptAuditBase,
-          response:
-            responseAuditSnapshot.length > 0 ? mergeResponseAudits(responseAuditSnapshot) : null,
-          error: error.cause ?? error,
-        });
-        throw new InvestigatorExecutionError(error.message, attemptAudit, error.cause ?? error);
+      const claimId = parseRetainCorrectionArguments(call.argumentsJson, retainableClaimIds);
+      if (claimId.kind === "invalid") {
+        return buildFunctionCallOutput(
+          call.callId,
+          JSON.stringify({ error: `Invalid retain arguments: ${claimId.error}` }),
+        );
       }
-
-      throw error;
-    }
-
-    const { latestResponseRecord, responseAudits } = loopResult;
-
-    if (latestResponseRecord === null || responseAudits.length === 0) {
-      const cause = new InvestigatorStructuredOutputError("Model returned no response payload");
-      throw new InvestigatorExecutionError(
-        cause.message,
-        buildFailedAttemptAudit({
-          base: stageOneAttemptAuditBase,
-          response: null,
-          error: cause,
-        }),
-        cause,
+      const retained = validations.retainClaimById(claimId.value);
+      return buildFunctionCallOutput(
+        call.callId,
+        retained.kind === "error"
+          ? JSON.stringify({ error: retained.errorMessage })
+          : ACKNOWLEDGED_OUTPUT,
       );
-    }
+    };
 
-    const unfinishedToolCalls = deduplicateFunctionToolCalls(
-      extractPendingFunctionToolCalls(latestResponseRecord),
-    );
-    if (unfinishedToolCalls.length > 0) {
-      await validationScheduler.settleAllValidations();
-      const cause = new InvestigatorStructuredOutputError(
-        `Model exceeded tool call round limit (${maxResponseToolRounds.toString()})`,
-      );
-      throw new InvestigatorExecutionError(
-        cause.message,
-        buildFailedAttemptAudit({
-          base: stageOneAttemptAuditBase,
-          response: mergeResponseAudits(responseAudits),
-          error: cause,
+    const loop = await runToolLoop({
+      client,
+      requestConfig,
+      maxRounds: this.config.maxToolRounds,
+      instructions:
+        input.isUpdate === true ? INVESTIGATION_UPDATE_SYSTEM_PROMPT : INVESTIGATION_SYSTEM_PROMPT,
+      tools: buildFactCheckTools(retainableClaimIds),
+      initialInput,
+      signal,
+      handleFunctionCalls: (calls) =>
+        dispatchFunctionToolCalls(calls, {
+          submitCorrection,
+          retainCorrection,
+          research: (call) => executeFunctionToolCall(call, signal),
         }),
-        cause,
-      );
-    }
+    });
 
-    const factCheckResponseAudit = mergeResponseAudits(responseAudits);
-    if (factCheckResponseAudit.responseStatus === null) {
-      console.warn(
-        `OpenAI response had null status (responseId=${factCheckResponseAudit.responseId ?? "unknown"}); treating as completed`,
-      );
-    }
-    if (
-      factCheckResponseAudit.responseStatus !== "completed" &&
-      factCheckResponseAudit.responseStatus !== null
-    ) {
-      await validationScheduler.settleAllValidations();
-      const incompleteReason = readIncompleteReason(latestResponseRecord);
-      const cause = new InvestigatorIncompleteResponseError({
-        responseStatus: factCheckResponseAudit.responseStatus,
-        responseId: factCheckResponseAudit.responseId,
-        incompleteReason,
-        outputTextLength: factCheckResponseAudit.responseOutputText?.length ?? 0,
-      });
-      throw new InvestigatorExecutionError(
-        "OpenAI response was incomplete",
-        buildFailedAttemptAudit({
-          base: stageOneAttemptAuditBase,
-          response: factCheckResponseAudit,
-          error: cause,
-        }),
+    // Validations already scheduled run to completion on every path, so the
+    // attempt audit records each request that was made.
+    const validationResults = await validations.awaitAllValidations();
+    const requests: InvestigatorRequestAudit[] = [
+      ...loop.rounds,
+      ...validationResults.map((validation) => validation.request),
+    ];
+    const fail = (message: string, cause: unknown): InvestigatorExecutionError =>
+      new InvestigatorExecutionError(
+        message,
+        {
+          outcome: "FAILED",
+          startedAt,
+          completedAt: new Date(),
+          requests,
+          error: buildErrorAudit(cause),
+        },
         cause,
       );
-    }
-
-    const validationResults = await validationScheduler.awaitAllValidations();
-    const confirmedClaims = getConfirmedClaims(validationScheduler.getState());
-
-    const validationInputSummary = validationResults
-      .map(
-        (result) =>
-          `Claim ${result.claimIndex.toString()}: ${result.approved ? "approved" : "rejected"}`,
-      )
-      .join("\n");
-    const stageTwoInputSummary =
-      validationImageContextNotes === undefined
-        ? validationInputSummary
-        : `${validationInputSummary}\n\nImage context notes:\n${validationImageContextNotes}`;
-
-    const stageTwoAttemptAuditBase = createStageTwoAttemptAuditBase({
-      stageOneBase: stageOneAttemptAuditBase,
-      userPrompt: userPromptResult.prompt,
-      validationInputSummary: stageTwoInputSummary,
-    });
 
-    type FailedValidation = Extract<PerClaimValidationResult, { error: Error }>;
-    type SuccessfulValidation = Extract<PerClaimValidationResult, { error: null }>;
+    switch (loop.kind) {
+      case "failed":
+        throw fail("OpenAI fact-check round failed", loop.error);
+      case "round_limit":
+        throw fail(
+          "Fact-check exceeded its tool round limit",
+          new InvestigatorStructuredOutputError(
+            `Model exceeded tool call round limit (${this.config.maxToolRounds.toString()})`,
+          ),
+        );
+      case "response_not_completed":
+        throw fail(
+          "OpenAI fact-check response was incomplete",
+          new InvestigatorIncompleteResponseError({
+            responseStatus: loop.response.status ?? null,
+            responseId: loop.response.id,
+            incompleteReason: loop.response.incomplete_details?.reason ?? null,
+          }),
+        );
+      case "completed":
+        break;
+    }
 
     const failedValidations = validationResults.filter(
-      (result): result is FailedValidation => result.error !== null,
-    );
-    const successfulValidations = validationResults.filter(
-      (result): result is SuccessfulValidation => result.error === null,
+      (validation): validation is Extract<ClaimValidationResult, { kind: "failed" }> =>
+        validation.kind === "failed",
     );
-    const validationFailureResponseAudits = failedValidations.flatMap((result) =>
-      result.responseAudit === null ? [] : [result.responseAudit],
-    );
-
-    const fullAttemptResponseAudit = buildFullAttemptResponseAudit({
-      factCheckResponseAudit,
-      successfulValidationResponseAudits: successfulValidations.map(
-        (result) => result.responseAudit,
-      ),
-      failedValidationResponseAudits: validationFailureResponseAudits,
-    });
-
-    if (failedValidations.length > 0) {
-      const firstFailure = failedValidations[0];
-      if (!firstFailure) {
-        throw new Error("Invariant violation: failed validations must include at least one item");
-      }
-
-      const failedClaimIndicesLabel = failedValidations
-        .map((failure) => failure.claimIndex.toString())
+    const [firstFailedValidation] = failedValidations;
+    if (firstFailedValidation !== undefined) {
+      const failedClaimIndices = failedValidations
+        .map((validation) => validation.claimIndex.toString())
         .join(", ");
-
-      throw new InvestigatorExecutionError(
-        `Per-claim validation failed for claim indices: ${failedClaimIndicesLabel}`,
-        buildFailedAttemptAudit({
-          base: stageTwoAttemptAuditBase,
-          response: fullAttemptResponseAudit,
-          error: firstFailure.error,
-        }),
-        firstFailure.error,
-      );
-    }
-
-    let result: InvestigationResult;
-    try {
-      result = investigationResultSchema.parse({ claims: confirmedClaims });
-    } catch (error) {
-      throw new InvestigatorExecutionError(
-        "Final investigation result failed schema validation",
-        buildFailedAttemptAudit({
-          base: stageTwoAttemptAuditBase,
-          response: fullAttemptResponseAudit,
-          error,
-        }),
-        error,
+      throw fail(
+        `Per-claim validation failed for claim indices: ${failedClaimIndices}`,
+        firstFailedValidation.error,
       );
     }
 
+    // Submitted claims were validated against the shared claim payload schema
+    // on submission; retained claims are prior investigations' persisted claims.
+    const claims: InvestigationClaimPayload[] = getConfirmedClaims(validations.getState());
     return {
-      result,
-      attemptAudit: buildSuccessfulAttemptAudit({
-        base: stageTwoAttemptAuditBase,
-        response: fullAttemptResponseAudit,
-      }),
-      ...(fullAttemptResponseAudit.responseModelVersion != null && {
-        modelVersion: fullAttemptResponseAudit.responseModelVersion,
-      }),
+      result: { claims },
+      attemptAudit: { outcome: "SUCCEEDED", startedAt, completedAt: new Date(), requests },
+      model: requestConfig.model,
+      modelVersion: loop.finalResponse.model,
     };
   }
 }
+
+/** The production investigator factory: gpt-6.1-sol with the deployment's tool-round budget. */
+export function createOpenAIInvestigator(apiKey: string): Investigator {
+  return new OpenAIInvestigator({
+    client: new OpenAI({ apiKey }),
+    requestConfig: INVESTIGATION_REQUEST_CONFIG,
+    maxToolRounds: getEnv().OPENAI_MAX_RESPONSE_TOOL_ROUNDS,
+  });
+}
diff --git a/src/typescript/api/src/lib/network/host-safety.ts b/src/typescript/api/src/lib/network/host-safety.ts
index e962693..5add48b 100644
--- a/src/typescript/api/src/lib/network/host-safety.ts
+++ b/src/typescript/api/src/lib/network/host-safety.ts
@@ -1,41 +1,48 @@
-import { promises as dns } from "node:dns";
 import ipaddr from "ipaddr.js";
 
-type IpFamily = 4 | 6;
-
-interface ResolvedAddress {
-  address: string;
-  family: IpFamily;
+type IpAddress = ipaddr.IPv4 | ipaddr.IPv6;
+
+/**
+ * IPv6 ranges that ipaddr.js still labels "unicast" but that can reach
+ * non-public networks. RFC 8215 local-use NAT64 translates into IPv4 space the
+ * operator chooses, which may be internal.
+ */
+const NON_PUBLIC_UNICAST_IPV6_RANGES: [ipaddr.IPv6, number][] = [
+  [ipaddr.IPv6.parse("64:ff9b:1::"), 48],
+];
+
+/**
+ * Whether an address is ordinary public unicast, i.e. safe for the server to
+ * connect to on behalf of untrusted input. Everything ipaddr.js classifies as
+ * anything other than "unicast" (private, loopback, link-local, multicast,
+ * CGNAT, reserved, IPv4-mapped, NAT64, 6to4, Teredo, ...) is rejected; the
+ * translation ranges are rejected because they can tunnel to internal IPv4.
+ */
+export function isPublicUnicastAddress(address: IpAddress): boolean {
+  if (address.range() !== "unicast") {
+    return false;
+  }
+  if (address instanceof ipaddr.IPv4) {
+    return true;
+  }
+  return !NON_PUBLIC_UNICAST_IPV6_RANGES.some(([network, prefixLength]) =>
+    address.match(network, prefixLength),
+  );
 }
 
-const PRIVATE_IPV4_SUBNETS: Record<string, [ipaddr.IPv4, number] | [ipaddr.IPv4, number][]> = {
-  unspecified: [[ipaddr.IPv4.parse("0.0.0.0"), 8]],
-  private: [
-    [ipaddr.IPv4.parse("10.0.0.0"), 8],
-    [ipaddr.IPv4.parse("172.16.0.0"), 12],
-    [ipaddr.IPv4.parse("192.168.0.0"), 16],
-  ],
-  carrierGradeNat: [[ipaddr.IPv4.parse("100.64.0.0"), 10]],
-  loopback: [[ipaddr.IPv4.parse("127.0.0.0"), 8]],
-  linkLocal: [[ipaddr.IPv4.parse("169.254.0.0"), 16]],
-  ietfProtocol: [[ipaddr.IPv4.parse("192.0.0.0"), 24]],
-  benchmarking: [[ipaddr.IPv4.parse("198.18.0.0"), 15]],
-  reserved: [[ipaddr.IPv4.parse("240.0.0.0"), 4]],
-};
-
-function normalizeIpLiteralCandidate(input: string): string {
-  const trimmed = input.trim().toLowerCase();
-  const withoutBrackets =
+/**
+ * Parse a URL hostname that is an IP literal (`203.0.113.5`, `[2001:db8::1]`,
+ * `fe80::1%eth0`). Returns null for DNS names. Only strict dotted-quad IPv4 is
+ * accepted; WHATWG URL parsing already canonicalizes shorthand IPv4 forms.
+ */
+export function parseIpLiteral(hostname: string): IpAddress | null {
+  const trimmed = hostname.trim().toLowerCase();
+  const unbracketed =
     trimmed.startsWith("[") && trimmed.endsWith("]") ? trimmed.slice(1, -1) : trimmed;
-  const zoneSeparatorIndex = withoutBrackets.indexOf("%");
-  if (zoneSeparatorIndex === -1) {
-    return withoutBrackets;
-  }
-  return withoutBrackets.slice(0, zoneSeparatorIndex);
-}
+  const zoneSeparatorIndex = unbracketed.indexOf("%");
+  const candidate =
+    zoneSeparatorIndex === -1 ? unbracketed : unbracketed.slice(0, zoneSeparatorIndex);
 
-function parseIpAddress(input: string): ipaddr.IPv4 | ipaddr.IPv6 | null {
-  const candidate = normalizeIpLiteralCandidate(input);
   if (ipaddr.IPv4.isValidFourPartDecimal(candidate)) {
     return ipaddr.IPv4.parse(candidate);
   }
@@ -45,113 +52,13 @@ function parseIpAddress(input: string): ipaddr.IPv4 | ipaddr.IPv6 | null {
   return null;
 }
 
-function isIpv4Address(address: ipaddr.IPv4 | ipaddr.IPv6): address is ipaddr.IPv4 {
-  return address.kind() === "ipv4";
-}
-
-function isPrivateIPv4(address: ipaddr.IPv4): boolean {
-  return ipaddr.subnetMatch(address, PRIVATE_IPV4_SUBNETS, "public") !== "public";
-}
-
-function isPrivateIPv6(address: ipaddr.IPv6): boolean {
-  if (address.isIPv4MappedAddress()) {
-    return isPrivateIPv4(address.toIPv4Address());
-  }
-  const range = address.range();
-  return (
-    range === "unspecified" ||
-    range === "loopback" ||
-    range === "uniqueLocal" ||
-    range === "linkLocal"
-  );
-}
-
-export function isPrivateIpAddress(hostnameOrIp: string): boolean {
-  const parsedAddress = parseIpAddress(hostnameOrIp);
-  if (!parsedAddress) return false;
-  if (isIpv4Address(parsedAddress)) {
-    return isPrivateIPv4(parsedAddress);
-  }
-  return isPrivateIPv6(parsedAddress);
-}
-
-function normalizeAddress(address: string): string {
-  return address.trim().toLowerCase();
-}
-
-async function resolveHostAddresses(hostname: string): Promise<ResolvedAddress[]> {
-  const normalizedHost = hostname.trim().toLowerCase();
-  const parsedAddress = parseIpAddress(normalizedHost);
-  if (parsedAddress) {
-    return [
-      {
-        address: parsedAddress.toNormalizedString(),
-        family: parsedAddress.kind() === "ipv4" ? 4 : 6,
-      },
-    ];
-  }
-
-  const resolvedAddresses = await dns.lookup(normalizedHost, {
-    all: true,
-    verbatim: true,
-  });
-  const deduped = new Map<string, ResolvedAddress>();
-  for (const resolved of resolvedAddresses) {
-    if (resolved.family !== 4 && resolved.family !== 6) continue;
-    const normalizedAddress = normalizeAddress(resolved.address);
-    deduped.set(normalizedAddress, {
-      address: normalizedAddress,
-      family: resolved.family,
-    });
-  }
-
-  return Array.from(deduped.values());
-}
-
-function isLocallyScopedHostname(normalizedHost: string): boolean {
+/** Hostnames that resolve on the local machine or link regardless of DNS. */
+export function isLocallyScopedHostname(hostname: string): boolean {
+  const normalizedHost = hostname.trim().toLowerCase().replace(/\.$/, "");
   return (
+    normalizedHost.length === 0 ||
     normalizedHost === "localhost" ||
     normalizedHost.endsWith(".localhost") ||
     normalizedHost.endsWith(".local")
   );
 }
-
-export async function resolvePublicHostAddresses(hostname: string): Promise<string[] | null> {
-  const normalizedHost = hostname.trim().toLowerCase();
-  if (normalizedHost.length === 0 || isLocallyScopedHostname(normalizedHost)) {
-    return null;
-  }
-
-  if (isPrivateIpAddress(normalizedHost)) {
-    return null;
-  }
-
-  const resolvedAddresses = await resolveHostAddresses(normalizedHost);
-  if (resolvedAddresses.length === 0) {
-    return null;
-  }
-  if (resolvedAddresses.some((resolved) => isPrivateIpAddress(resolved.address))) {
-    return null;
-  }
-
-  return resolvedAddresses.map((resolved) => resolved.address);
-}
-
-export function hasAddressIntersection(left: string[], right: string[]): boolean {
-  if (left.length === 0 || right.length === 0) return false;
-  const rightSet = new Set(right.map(normalizeAddress));
-  return left.some((address) => rightSet.has(normalizeAddress(address)));
-}
-
-export async function isBlockedHost(hostname: string): Promise<boolean> {
-  const normalizedHost = hostname.trim().toLowerCase();
-
-  if (isLocallyScopedHostname(normalizedHost)) {
-    return true;
-  }
-
-  if (isPrivateIpAddress(normalizedHost)) return true;
-
-  const resolvedAddresses = await resolveHostAddresses(normalizedHost);
-  return resolvedAddresses.some((resolved) => isPrivateIpAddress(resolved.address));
-}
diff --git a/src/typescript/api/src/lib/network/ip.ts b/src/typescript/api/src/lib/network/ip.ts
index 891c77b..4f00509 100644
--- a/src/typescript/api/src/lib/network/ip.ts
+++ b/src/typescript/api/src/lib/network/ip.ts
@@ -1,136 +1,37 @@
-import { isIP } from "node:net";
-
-type Ipv4Octets = [number, number, number, number];
-
-function parseIpv4Octets(value: string): Ipv4Octets | null {
-  const parts = value.split(".");
-  if (parts.length !== 4) return null;
-
-  const parsedOctets = parts.map((part) => {
-    if (!/^\d{1,3}$/.test(part)) return Number.NaN;
-    const parsed = Number.parseInt(part, 10);
-    return parsed >= 0 && parsed <= 255 ? parsed : Number.NaN;
-  });
-
-  if (parsedOctets.some((octet) => Number.isNaN(octet))) return null;
-
-  const a = parsedOctets[0];
-  const b = parsedOctets[1];
-  const c = parsedOctets[2];
-  const d = parsedOctets[3];
-  if (a === undefined || b === undefined || c === undefined || d === undefined) return null;
-  return [a, b, c, d];
-}
-
-function ipv4Prefix(octets: number[]): string {
-  return octets.slice(0, 3).join(".");
-}
-
-function isValidHextet(hextet: string): boolean {
-  return /^[0-9a-f]{1,4}$/i.test(hextet);
-}
-
-function normalizeHextet(hextet: string): string {
-  return Number.parseInt(hextet, 16).toString(16);
-}
-
-function expandIpv6(input: string): string[] | null {
-  let address = input.trim().toLowerCase();
-
-  const zoneIndex = address.indexOf("%");
-  if (zoneIndex >= 0) {
-    address = address.slice(0, zoneIndex);
-  }
-
-  if (address.includes(".")) {
-    const lastColon = address.lastIndexOf(":");
-    if (lastColon < 0) return null;
-
-    const ipv4Part = address.slice(lastColon + 1);
-    const octets = parseIpv4Octets(ipv4Part);
-    if (!octets) return null;
-
-    const high = ((octets[0] << 8) | octets[1]).toString(16);
-    const low = ((octets[2] << 8) | octets[3]).toString(16);
-    address = `${address.slice(0, lastColon)}:${high}:${low}`;
-  }
-
-  const parts = address.split("::");
-  if (parts.length > 2) return null;
-
-  const left =
-    parts[0] !== undefined && parts[0].length > 0
-      ? parts[0].split(":").filter((part) => part.length > 0)
-      : [];
-  const right =
-    parts.length === 2 && parts[1] !== undefined && parts[1].length > 0
-      ? parts[1].split(":").filter((part) => part.length > 0)
-      : [];
-
-  if (!left.every(isValidHextet) || !right.every(isValidHextet)) {
-    return null;
+import ipaddr from "ipaddr.js";
+
+function parseClientAddress(clientAddress: string): ipaddr.IPv4 | ipaddr.IPv6 {
+  const trimmed = clientAddress.trim();
+  const zoneSeparatorIndex = trimmed.indexOf("%");
+  const withoutZone = zoneSeparatorIndex === -1 ? trimmed : trimmed.slice(0, zoneSeparatorIndex);
+  if (ipaddr.IPv4.isValidFourPartDecimal(withoutZone)) {
+    return ipaddr.IPv4.parse(withoutZone);
   }
-
-  const missing = 8 - (left.length + right.length);
-  if (parts.length === 1 && missing !== 0) return null;
-  if (parts.length === 2 && missing < 1) return null;
-
-  const expanded = [
-    ...left,
-    ...(parts.length === 2 ? Array.from({ length: missing }, () => "0") : []),
-    ...right,
-  ].map(normalizeHextet);
-
-  return expanded.length === 8 ? expanded : null;
-}
-
-function mappedIpv4FromIpv6(expandedIpv6: string[]): Ipv4Octets | null {
-  const mappedMarker = expandedIpv6[5];
-  const highHextet = expandedIpv6[6];
-  const lowHextet = expandedIpv6[7];
-  if (
-    mappedMarker === undefined ||
-    mappedMarker.length === 0 ||
-    highHextet === undefined ||
-    highHextet.length === 0 ||
-    lowHextet === undefined ||
-    lowHextet.length === 0
-  ) {
-    return null;
+  if (ipaddr.IPv6.isValid(withoutZone)) {
+    const ipv6 = ipaddr.IPv6.parse(withoutZone);
+    return ipv6.isIPv4MappedAddress() ? ipv6.toIPv4Address() : ipv6;
   }
-
-  const isMappedPrefix =
-    expandedIpv6.slice(0, 5).every((hextet) => hextet === "0") && mappedMarker === "ffff";
-  if (!isMappedPrefix) return null;
-
-  const high = Number.parseInt(highHextet, 16);
-  const low = Number.parseInt(lowHextet, 16);
-  return [high >> 8, high & 0xff, low >> 8, low & 0xff];
-}
-
-function ipv6Prefix(expandedIpv6: string[]): string {
-  return expandedIpv6.slice(0, 3).join(":");
-}
-
-export function deriveIpRangePrefix(clientIp: string): string {
-  const trimmed = clientIp.trim();
-  if (trimmed.length === 0) return "unknown";
-
-  const ipv4 = parseIpv4Octets(trimmed);
-  if (ipv4) {
-    return ipv4Prefix(ipv4);
+  throw new Error(`Client address is not an IP address: ${JSON.stringify(clientAddress)}`);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Derive the network range a client address belongs to for the per-day
+ * IP-range view-credit cap (SPEC §2.10): the /24 for IPv4 (first three
+ * octets) and the /48 for IPv6 (first three hextets). IPv4-mapped IPv6
+ * addresses count as their IPv4 address.
+ *
+ * The client address comes from the socket peer or the trusted proxy header
+ * (ADDRESS_HEADER), so anything that is not an IP address means the proxy
+ * configuration is broken; that throws rather than bucketing such clients
+ * together.
+ */
+export function deriveIpRangePrefix(clientAddress: string): string {
+  const address = parseClientAddress(clientAddress);
+  if (address instanceof ipaddr.IPv4) {
+    return address.octets.slice(0, 3).join(".");
   }
-
-  if (isIP(trimmed) === 6) {
-    const expanded = expandIpv6(trimmed);
-    if (!expanded) return `invalid:${trimmed.toLowerCase()}`;
-
-    const mappedIpv4 = mappedIpv4FromIpv6(expanded);
-    if (mappedIpv4) {
-      return ipv4Prefix(mappedIpv4);
-    }
-    return ipv6Prefix(expanded);
-  }
-
-  return `invalid:${trimmed.toLowerCase()}`;
+  return address.parts
+    .slice(0, 3)
+    .map((part) => part.toString(16))
+    .join(":");
 }
diff --git a/src/typescript/api/src/lib/network/public-http-fetch.ts b/src/typescript/api/src/lib/network/public-http-fetch.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7675465
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/typescript/api/src/lib/network/public-http-fetch.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,186 @@
+/**
+ * HTTP(S) fetching of URLs chosen by untrusted input (post image URLs from
+ * anonymous clients, URLs the model asks `fetch_url` to read).
+ *
+ * The SSRF check lives on the connection itself: every connection goes through
+ * an undici Agent whose DNS lookup rejects the whole answer if any resolved
+ * address is not public unicast, and hands the socket only the addresses it
+ * validated. A hostname that rebinds between "check" and "connect" therefore
+ * has nothing to rebind into — there is no separate check. IP-literal hosts
+ * never reach DNS, so they are validated before dispatch. Redirects are
+ * followed manually so every hop goes through the same agent.
+ */
+
+import { lookup as dnsLookup, type LookupAddress, type LookupOptions } from "node:dns";
+import type { LookupFunction } from "node:net";
+import ipaddr from "ipaddr.js";
+import { Agent, fetch, type Response } from "undici";
+import { isLocallyScopedHostname, isPublicUnicastAddress, parseIpLiteral } from "./host-safety.js";
+import { isRedirectStatus } from "./http-status.js";
+
+const MAX_REDIRECT_HOPS = 5;
+
+export class BlockedDestinationError extends Error {
+  constructor(message: string) {
+    super(message);
+    this.name = "BlockedDestinationError";
+  }
+}
+
+class PublicHttpFetchError extends Error {
+  constructor(message: string) {
+    super(message);
+    this.name = "PublicHttpFetchError";
+  }
+}
+
+function nonPublicAddresses(addresses: LookupAddress[]): string[] {
+  return addresses
+    .filter((resolved) => !isPublicUnicastAddress(ipaddr.parse(resolved.address)))
+    .map((resolved) => resolved.address);
+}
+
+/**
+ * DNS lookup for the public-internet agent: resolves like dns.lookup but fails
+ * with BlockedDestinationError unless every address is public unicast, and
+ * returns only addresses it checked. Exported for unit tests.
+ */
+export const publicOnlyLookup: LookupFunction = (hostname, options: LookupOptions, callback) => {
+  dnsLookup(hostname, { ...options, all: true, verbatim: true }, (error, addresses) => {
+    if (error !== null) {
+      callback(error, "", 0);
+      return;
+    }
+    const [first] = addresses;
+    if (first === undefined) {
+      callback(new BlockedDestinationError(`${hostname} did not resolve to any address`), "", 0);
+      return;
+    }
+    const blocked = nonPublicAddresses(addresses);
+    if (blocked.length > 0) {
+      callback(
+        new BlockedDestinationError(
+          `${hostname} resolves to non-public address(es): ${blocked.join(", ")}`,
+        ),
+        "",
+        0,
+      );
+      return;
+    }
+    if (options.all === true) {
+      callback(null, addresses);
+      return;
+    }
+    callback(null, first.address, first.family);
+  });
+};
+
+const publicInternetAgent = new Agent({ connect: { lookup: publicOnlyLookup } });
+
+function assertFetchableUrl(url: URL): void {
+  if (url.protocol !== "http:" && url.protocol !== "https:") {
+    throw new BlockedDestinationError(`Only HTTP(S) URLs are allowed (got ${url.protocol})`);
+  }
+  if (url.username.length > 0 || url.password.length > 0) {
+    throw new BlockedDestinationError("URLs with embedded credentials are not allowed");
+  }
+  if (isLocallyScopedHostname(url.hostname)) {
+    throw new BlockedDestinationError(`Blocked local hostname ${url.hostname}`);
+  }
+  const literal = parseIpLiteral(url.hostname);
+  if (literal !== null && !isPublicUnicastAddress(literal)) {
+    throw new BlockedDestinationError(`Blocked non-public address ${url.hostname}`);
+  }
+}
+
+interface PublicHttpResponse {
+  /** URL of the final (non-redirect) response. */
+  finalUrl: URL;
+  response: Response;
+}
+
+/**
+ * GET `url` from the public internet, following up to MAX_REDIRECT_HOPS
+ * redirects. Throws BlockedDestinationError when any hop targets a non-public
+ * destination and PublicHttpFetchError for malformed redirect chains; network
+ * errors and aborts propagate as thrown by undici.
+ */
+export async function fetchPublicHttp(input: {
+  url: URL;
+  headers: Record<string, string>;
+  signal: AbortSignal;
+}): Promise<PublicHttpResponse> {
+  let currentUrl = input.url;
+  for (let redirectHop = 0; redirectHop <= MAX_REDIRECT_HOPS; redirectHop += 1) {
+    assertFetchableUrl(currentUrl);
+    const response = await fetch(currentUrl, {
+      method: "GET",
+      redirect: "manual",
+      headers: input.headers,
+      signal: input.signal,
+      dispatcher: publicInternetAgent,
+    });
+
+    if (!isRedirectStatus(response.status)) {
+      return { finalUrl: currentUrl, response };
+    }
+
+    await response.body?.cancel();
+    const location = response.headers.get("location");
+    if (location === null || location.length === 0) {
+      throw new PublicHttpFetchError("Redirect response missing Location header");
+    }
+    currentUrl = new URL(location, currentUrl);
+  }
+
+  throw new PublicHttpFetchError(`Too many redirects (more than ${MAX_REDIRECT_HOPS.toString()})`);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Read at most `maxBytes` of a response body, cancelling the stream as soon as
+ * the limit is exceeded. `truncated` reports whether any bytes were dropped.
+ */
+export async function readBodyPrefix(
+  response: Response,
+  maxBytes: number,
+): Promise<{ bytes: Uint8Array; truncated: boolean }> {
+  if (response.body === null) {
+    return { bytes: new Uint8Array(0), truncated: false };
+  }
+
+  const reader: ReadableStreamDefaultReader<Uint8Array> = response.body.getReader();
+  const chunks: Uint8Array[] = [];
+  let totalBytes = 0;
+  let truncated = false;
+  try {
+    while (totalBytes < maxBytes) {
+      const { done, value } = await reader.read();
+      if (done) break;
+      const remaining = maxBytes - totalBytes;
+      if (value.byteLength > remaining) {
+        chunks.push(value.subarray(0, remaining));
+        totalBytes += remaining;
+        truncated = true;
+        break;
+      }
+      chunks.push(value);
+      totalBytes += value.byteLength;
+    }
+    if (!truncated && totalBytes >= maxBytes) {
+      truncated = !(await reader.read()).done;
+    }
+  } finally {
+    if (truncated) {
+      await reader.cancel("Response body exceeds byte limit");
+    }
+    reader.releaseLock();
+  }
+
+  const bytes = new Uint8Array(totalBytes);
+  let offset = 0;
+  for (const chunk of chunks) {
+    bytes.set(chunk, offset);
+    offset += chunk.byteLength;
+  }
+  return { bytes, truncated };
+}
diff --git a/src/typescript/api/src/lib/openai/errors.ts b/src/typescript/api/src/lib/openai/errors.ts
index 7c69bad..82c3b21 100644
--- a/src/typescript/api/src/lib/openai/errors.ts
+++ b/src/typescript/api/src/lib/openai/errors.ts
@@ -1,70 +1,12 @@
-const NON_RETRYABLE_OPENAI_STATUS_CODES = new Set([400, 401, 403, 404, 422]);
+import { APIError } from "openai";
 
-export type OpenAiKeyValidationStatusOutcome =
-  | { openaiApiKeyStatus: "missing" }
-  | { openaiApiKeyStatus: "valid" }
-  | {
-      openaiApiKeyStatus: "format_invalid";
-      openaiApiKeyMessage: string;
-    }
-  | {
-      openaiApiKeyStatus: "authenticated_restricted";
-      openaiApiKeyMessage: string;
-    }
-  | {
-      openaiApiKeyStatus: "invalid";
-      openaiApiKeyMessage: string;
-    }
-  | {
-      openaiApiKeyStatus: "error";
-      openaiApiKeyMessage: string;
-    };
-
-const OPENAI_KEY_VALIDATION_RESULT_BY_STATUS: Partial<
-  Record<number, OpenAiKeyValidationStatusOutcome>
-> = {
-  401: {
-    openaiApiKeyStatus: "invalid",
-    openaiApiKeyMessage: "OpenAI rejected this API key.",
-  },
-  403: {
-    openaiApiKeyStatus: "authenticated_restricted",
-    openaiApiKeyMessage:
-      "OpenAI authenticated this key, but access is restricted for validation checks.",
-  },
-  429: {
-    openaiApiKeyStatus: "error",
-    openaiApiKeyMessage: "OpenAI rate-limited key validation. Retry in a moment.",
-  },
-};
-
-export function readOpenAiStatusCode(error: unknown): number | null {
-  if (typeof error !== "object" || error === null) return null;
-  if (!("status" in error)) return null;
-  const status = error.status;
-  return typeof status === "number" ? status : null;
+// A guard rather than a bare `instanceof`, which would type the generic
+// error's fields as `any`.
+function isOpenAiApiError(error: unknown): error is APIError {
+  return error instanceof APIError;
 }
 
-export function classifyOpenAiKeyValidationStatus(
-  statusCode: number | null,
-): OpenAiKeyValidationStatusOutcome | null {
-  if (statusCode === null) return null;
-
-  const knownStatusResult = OPENAI_KEY_VALIDATION_RESULT_BY_STATUS[statusCode];
-  if (knownStatusResult !== undefined) {
-    return knownStatusResult;
-  }
-
-  if (statusCode >= 400 && statusCode < 500) {
-    return {
-      openaiApiKeyStatus: "error",
-      openaiApiKeyMessage: `OpenAI returned HTTP ${statusCode.toString()} while validating this key.`,
-    };
-  }
-
-  return null;
-}
-
-export function isNonRetryableOpenAiStatusCode(statusCode: number | null): boolean {
-  return statusCode !== null && NON_RETRYABLE_OPENAI_STATUS_CODES.has(statusCode);
+/** HTTP status of an OpenAI API error response; null for any other error (incl. connection errors). */
+export function readOpenAiStatusCode(error: unknown): number | null {
+  return isOpenAiApiError(error) ? (error.status ?? null) : null;
 }
diff --git a/src/typescript/api/src/lib/services/attempt-audit.ts b/src/typescript/api/src/lib/services/attempt-audit.ts
index e6a8af6..ba14dd6 100644
--- a/src/typescript/api/src/lib/services/attempt-audit.ts
+++ b/src/typescript/api/src/lib/services/attempt-audit.ts
@@ -1,12 +1,99 @@
 import { getPrisma } from "$lib/db/client";
-import {
-  parseInvestigatorAttemptAudit,
-  type InvestigatorAttemptAudit,
+import type {
+  InvestigatorAttemptAudit,
+  InvestigatorFailedAttemptAudit,
+  InvestigatorOutputItemAudit,
+  InvestigatorRequestAudit,
+  InvestigatorResponseAudit,
 } from "$lib/investigators/interface.js";
-import { toDate, toOptionalDate } from "$lib/date.js";
 import type { Prisma } from "$lib/db/prisma-client";
 import { consumeOpenAiKeySource } from "./user-key-source.js";
 
+function toOutputItemCreate(
+  item: InvestigatorOutputItemAudit,
+  outputIndex: number,
+): Prisma.InvestigationAttemptOutputItemCreateWithoutResponseInput {
+  const base = {
+    outputIndex,
+    providerItemId: item.providerItemId,
+    itemType: item.itemType,
+    itemStatus: item.itemStatus,
+  };
+  switch (item.content.kind) {
+    case "MESSAGE":
+      return {
+        ...base,
+        textParts: {
+          create: item.content.textParts.map((part, partIndex) => ({
+            partIndex,
+            partType: part.partType,
+            text: part.text,
+            annotations: {
+              create: part.annotations.map((annotation, annotationIndex) => ({
+                annotationIndex,
+                ...annotation,
+              })),
+            },
+          })),
+        },
+      };
+    case "REASONING":
+      return {
+        ...base,
+        reasoningSummaries: {
+          create: item.content.summaries.map((text, summaryIndex) => ({ summaryIndex, text })),
+        },
+      };
+    case "TOOL_CALL":
+      return { ...base, toolCall: { create: { rawPayload: item.content.rawPayload } } };
+  }
+}
+
+function toResponseCreate(
+  response: InvestigatorResponseAudit,
+): Prisma.InvestigationAttemptResponseCreateWithoutRequestInput {
+  return {
+    providerResponseId: response.providerResponseId,
+    status: response.status,
+    modelVersion: response.modelVersion,
+    receivedAt: response.receivedAt,
+    outputItems: { create: response.outputItems.map(toOutputItemCreate) },
+    ...(response.usage === null ? {} : { usage: { create: response.usage } }),
+  };
+}
+
+function toRequestCreate(
+  request: InvestigatorRequestAudit,
+): Prisma.InvestigationAttemptRequestCreateWithoutAttemptInput {
+  return {
+    kind: request.subject.kind,
+    factCheckRound: request.subject.kind === "FACT_CHECK_ROUND" ? request.subject.round : null,
+    claimIndex: request.subject.kind === "CLAIM_VALIDATION" ? request.subject.claimIndex : null,
+    model: request.model,
+    instructions: request.instructions,
+    input: request.input,
+    previousResponseId: request.previousResponseId,
+    reasoningEffort: request.reasoningEffort,
+    reasoningSummary: request.reasoningSummary,
+    include: request.include,
+    requestedTools: {
+      create: request.tools.map((tool, requestOrder) => ({
+        requestOrder,
+        toolType: tool.toolType,
+        rawDefinition: tool.rawDefinition,
+      })),
+    },
+    ...(request.response === null
+      ? {}
+      : { response: { create: toResponseCreate(request.response) } }),
+  };
+}
+
+/**
+ * Inserts an attempt's audit (SPEC §2.12). Insert-only: each attemptNumber is
+ * claimed once per investigation and its audit is written once, at the
+ * attempt's terminal transition.
+ */
 export async function persistAttemptAudit(
   tx: Prisma.TransactionClient,
   input: {
@@ -15,194 +102,19 @@ export async function persistAttemptAudit(
     attemptAudit: InvestigatorAttemptAudit;
   },
 ): Promise<void> {
-  const attemptAudit = parseInvestigatorAttemptAudit(input.attemptAudit);
-  // outcome is derived from the audit's discriminated union — error !== null
-  // means FAILED. No separate parameter needed, no inconsistent state possible.
-  const outcome = attemptAudit.error !== null ? "FAILED" : "SUCCEEDED";
-
-  const attempt = await tx.investigationAttempt.upsert({
-    where: {
-      investigationId_attemptNumber: {
-        investigationId: input.investigationId,
-        attemptNumber: input.attemptNumber,
-      },
-    },
-    create: {
+  const { attemptAudit } = input;
+  await tx.investigationAttempt.create({
+    data: {
       investigationId: input.investigationId,
       attemptNumber: input.attemptNumber,
-      outcome,
-      requestModel: attemptAudit.requestModel,
-      requestInstructions: attemptAudit.requestInstructions,
-      requestInput: attemptAudit.requestInput,
-      requestReasoningEffort: attemptAudit.requestReasoningEffort,
-      requestReasoningSummary: attemptAudit.requestReasoningSummary,
-      responseId: attemptAudit.response?.responseId ?? null,
-      responseStatus: attemptAudit.response?.responseStatus ?? null,
-      responseModelVersion: attemptAudit.response?.responseModelVersion ?? null,
-      responseOutputText: attemptAudit.response?.responseOutputText ?? null,
-      startedAt: toDate(attemptAudit.startedAt),
-      completedAt: toOptionalDate(attemptAudit.completedAt, { strict: true }),
+      outcome: attemptAudit.outcome,
+      startedAt: attemptAudit.startedAt,
+      completedAt: attemptAudit.completedAt,
+      requests: { create: attemptAudit.requests.map(toRequestCreate) },
+      ...(attemptAudit.outcome === "FAILED" ? { error: { create: attemptAudit.error } } : {}),
     },
-    update: {
-      outcome,
-      requestModel: attemptAudit.requestModel,
-      requestInstructions: attemptAudit.requestInstructions,
-      requestInput: attemptAudit.requestInput,
-      requestReasoningEffort: attemptAudit.requestReasoningEffort,
-      requestReasoningSummary: attemptAudit.requestReasoningSummary,
-      responseId: attemptAudit.response?.responseId ?? null,
-      responseStatus: attemptAudit.response?.responseStatus ?? null,
-      responseModelVersion: attemptAudit.response?.responseModelVersion ?? null,
-      responseOutputText: attemptAudit.response?.responseOutputText ?? null,
-      startedAt: toDate(attemptAudit.startedAt),
-      completedAt: toOptionalDate(attemptAudit.completedAt, { strict: true }),
-    },
-  });
-
-  await tx.investigationAttemptRequestedTool.deleteMany({
-    where: { attemptId: attempt.id },
-  });
-  await tx.investigationAttemptToolCall.deleteMany({
-    where: { attemptId: attempt.id },
-  });
-  await tx.investigationAttemptOutputItem.deleteMany({
-    where: { attemptId: attempt.id },
-  });
-  await tx.investigationAttemptUsage.deleteMany({
-    where: { attemptId: attempt.id },
+    select: { id: true },
   });
-  await tx.investigationAttemptError.deleteMany({
-    where: { attemptId: attempt.id },
-  });
-
-  for (const requestedTool of attemptAudit.requestedTools) {
-    await tx.investigationAttemptRequestedTool.create({
-      data: {
-        attemptId: attempt.id,
-        requestOrder: requestedTool.requestOrder,
-        toolType: requestedTool.toolType,
-        rawDefinition: requestedTool.rawDefinition,
-      },
-    });
-  }
-
-  const outputItemIdByIndex = new Map<number, string>();
-  for (const outputItem of attemptAudit.response?.outputItems ?? []) {
-    const createdOutputItem = await tx.investigationAttemptOutputItem.create({
-      data: {
-        attemptId: attempt.id,
-        outputIndex: outputItem.outputIndex,
-        providerItemId: outputItem.providerItemId,
-        itemType: outputItem.itemType,
-        itemStatus: outputItem.itemStatus,
-      },
-    });
-    outputItemIdByIndex.set(outputItem.outputIndex, createdOutputItem.id);
-  }
-
-  const textPartIdByKey = new Map<string, string>();
-  for (const textPart of attemptAudit.response?.outputTextParts ?? []) {
-    const outputItemId = outputItemIdByIndex.get(textPart.outputIndex);
-    if (outputItemId === undefined || outputItemId.length === 0) {
-      throw new Error(`Missing output item for text part outputIndex=${textPart.outputIndex}`);
-    }
-
-    const createdTextPart = await tx.investigationAttemptOutputTextPart.create({
-      data: {
-        outputItemId,
-        partIndex: textPart.partIndex,
-        partType: textPart.partType,
-        text: textPart.text,
-      },
-    });
-
-    textPartIdByKey.set(`${textPart.outputIndex}:${textPart.partIndex}`, createdTextPart.id);
-  }
-
-  for (const annotation of attemptAudit.response?.outputTextAnnotations ?? []) {
-    const textPartId = textPartIdByKey.get(`${annotation.outputIndex}:${annotation.partIndex}`);
-    if (textPartId === undefined || textPartId.length === 0) {
-      throw new Error(
-        `Missing text part for annotation outputIndex=${annotation.outputIndex} partIndex=${annotation.partIndex}`,
-      );
-    }
-
-    await tx.investigationAttemptOutputTextAnnotation.create({
-      data: {
-        textPartId,
-        annotationIndex: annotation.annotationIndex,
-        annotationType: annotation.annotationType,
-        startIndex: annotation.characterPosition?.start ?? null,
-        endIndex: annotation.characterPosition?.end ?? null,
-        url: annotation.url,
-        title: annotation.title,
-        fileId: annotation.fileId,
-      },
-    });
-  }
-
-  for (const summary of attemptAudit.response?.reasoningSummaries ?? []) {
-    const outputItemId = outputItemIdByIndex.get(summary.outputIndex);
-    if (outputItemId === undefined || outputItemId.length === 0) {
-      throw new Error(
-        `Missing output item for reasoning summary outputIndex=${summary.outputIndex}`,
-      );
-    }
-
-    await tx.investigationAttemptReasoningSummary.create({
-      data: {
-        outputItemId,
-        summaryIndex: summary.summaryIndex,
-        text: summary.text,
-      },
-    });
-  }
-
-  for (const toolCall of attemptAudit.response?.toolCalls ?? []) {
-    const outputItemId = outputItemIdByIndex.get(toolCall.outputIndex);
-    if (outputItemId === undefined || outputItemId.length === 0) {
-      throw new Error(`Missing output item for tool call outputIndex=${toolCall.outputIndex}`);
-    }
-
-    await tx.investigationAttemptToolCall.create({
-      data: {
-        attemptId: attempt.id,
-        outputItemId,
-        outputIndex: toolCall.outputIndex,
-        providerToolCallId: toolCall.providerToolCallId,
-        toolType: toolCall.toolType,
-        status: toolCall.status,
-        rawPayload: toolCall.rawPayload,
-        capturedAt: toDate(toolCall.capturedAt),
-        providerStartedAt: toOptionalDate(toolCall.providerStartedAt, { strict: true }),
-        providerCompletedAt: toOptionalDate(toolCall.providerCompletedAt, { strict: true }),
-      },
-    });
-  }
-
-  if (attemptAudit.response?.usage) {
-    await tx.investigationAttemptUsage.create({
-      data: {
-        attemptId: attempt.id,
-        inputTokens: attemptAudit.response.usage.inputTokens,
-        outputTokens: attemptAudit.response.usage.outputTokens,
-        totalTokens: attemptAudit.response.usage.totalTokens,
-        cachedInputTokens: attemptAudit.response.usage.cachedInputTokens,
-        reasoningOutputTokens: attemptAudit.response.usage.reasoningOutputTokens,
-      },
-    });
-  }
-
-  if (attemptAudit.error) {
-    await tx.investigationAttemptError.create({
-      data: {
-        attemptId: attempt.id,
-        errorName: attemptAudit.error.errorName,
-        errorMessage: attemptAudit.error.errorMessage,
-        statusCode: attemptAudit.error.statusCode,
-      },
-    });
-  }
 }
 
 /**
@@ -216,7 +128,7 @@ export async function markInvestigationFailedInTx(
     investigationId: string;
     workerIdentity: string;
     attemptNumber: number;
-    attemptAudit: InvestigatorAttemptAudit | null;
+    attemptAudit: InvestigatorFailedAttemptAudit | null;
   },
 ): Promise<boolean> {
   // Guard: delete the lease row matching our workerIdentity. If it doesn't
@@ -260,7 +172,7 @@ export async function persistFailedAttemptAndMarkInvestigationFailed(input: {
   investigationId: string;
   workerIdentity: string;
   attemptNumber: number;
-  attemptAudit: InvestigatorAttemptAudit | null;
+  attemptAudit: InvestigatorFailedAttemptAudit | null;
 }): Promise<boolean> {
   return getPrisma().$transaction((tx) => markInvestigationFailedInTx(tx, input));
 }
@@ -276,7 +188,7 @@ export async function releaseLeaseToRetryInTx(
     investigationId: string;
     workerIdentity: string;
     attemptNumber: number;
-    attemptAudit: InvestigatorAttemptAudit | null;
+    attemptAudit: InvestigatorFailedAttemptAudit | null;
     retryAfter: Date;
   },
 ): Promise<boolean> {
@@ -327,7 +239,7 @@ export async function persistFailedAttemptAndReleaseLease(input: {
   investigationId: string;
   workerIdentity: string;
   attemptNumber: number;
-  attemptAudit: InvestigatorAttemptAudit | null;
+  attemptAudit: InvestigatorFailedAttemptAudit | null;
   retryAfter: Date;
 }): Promise<boolean> {
   return getPrisma().$transaction((tx) => releaseLeaseToRetryInTx(tx, input));
diff --git a/src/typescript/api/src/lib/services/blob-storage.ts b/src/typescript/api/src/lib/services/blob-storage.ts
index 62a1cb3..e5349e3 100644
--- a/src/typescript/api/src/lib/services/blob-storage.ts
+++ b/src/typescript/api/src/lib/services/blob-storage.ts
@@ -7,7 +7,6 @@ interface BlobStorageConfigBase {
   bucket: string;
   accessKeyId: string;
   secretAccessKey: string;
-  publicUrlPrefix: string;
 }
 
 type AwsBlobStorageConfig = BlobStorageConfigBase & {
@@ -24,7 +23,6 @@ type BlobStorageConfig = AwsBlobStorageConfig | S3CompatibleBlobStorageConfig;
 class BlobStorageService {
   private readonly client: S3Client;
   private readonly bucket: string;
-  private readonly publicUrlPrefix: string;
 
   constructor(config: BlobStorageConfig) {
     this.client =
@@ -46,7 +44,6 @@ class BlobStorageService {
             },
           });
     this.bucket = config.bucket;
-    this.publicUrlPrefix = config.publicUrlPrefix.replace(/\/+$/, "");
   }
 
   async uploadImage(bytes: Uint8Array, contentHash: string, mimeType: string): Promise<string> {
@@ -61,10 +58,6 @@ class BlobStorageService {
     );
     return storageKey;
   }
-
-  getPublicUrl(storageKey: string): string {
-    return `${this.publicUrlPrefix}/${storageKey}`;
-  }
 }
 
 let blobStorageService: BlobStorageService | undefined;
@@ -79,7 +72,6 @@ function readBlobStorageConfig(): BlobStorageConfig {
       bucket: env.BLOB_STORAGE_BUCKET,
       accessKeyId: env.BLOB_STORAGE_ACCESS_KEY_ID,
       secretAccessKey: env.BLOB_STORAGE_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY,
-      publicUrlPrefix: env.BLOB_STORAGE_PUBLIC_URL_PREFIX,
     };
   }
 
@@ -90,7 +82,6 @@ function readBlobStorageConfig(): BlobStorageConfig {
     bucket: env.BLOB_STORAGE_BUCKET,
     accessKeyId: env.BLOB_STORAGE_ACCESS_KEY_ID,
     secretAccessKey: env.BLOB_STORAGE_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY,
-    publicUrlPrefix: env.BLOB_STORAGE_PUBLIC_URL_PREFIX,
   };
 }
 
diff --git a/src/typescript/api/src/lib/services/canonical-resolution.ts b/src/typescript/api/src/lib/services/canonical-resolution.ts
index e1eda74..afd3cc0 100644
--- a/src/typescript/api/src/lib/services/canonical-resolution.ts
+++ b/src/typescript/api/src/lib/services/canonical-resolution.ts
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ export type CanonicalContentVersion =
       provenance: "SERVER_VERIFIED";
       /** HTML fetched from the canonical source API (Parse API, LessWrong GraphQL). */
       sourceHtml: string;
-      canonicalIdentity: CanonicalIdentity | null;
+      canonicalIdentity: CanonicalIdentity;
     })
   | (ObservedContentVersion & {
       provenance: "CLIENT_FALLBACK";
diff --git a/src/typescript/api/src/lib/services/content-fetcher.ts b/src/typescript/api/src/lib/services/content-fetcher.ts
index 4660a71..5cda2de 100644
--- a/src/typescript/api/src/lib/services/content-fetcher.ts
+++ b/src/typescript/api/src/lib/services/content-fetcher.ts
@@ -1,12 +1,14 @@
 import {
-  CONTENT_BLOCK_SEPARATOR_TAGS,
   NON_CONTENT_TAGS,
+  WORD_SEPARATOR_TAGS,
   hashContent,
   isNonNullObject,
   normalizeContent,
   WIKIPEDIA_LANGUAGE_CODE_REGEX,
 } from "@openerrata/shared";
+import { setTimeout as sleep } from "node:timers/promises";
 import { parseFragment, type DefaultTreeAdapterMap } from "parse5";
+import { z } from "zod";
 import {
   createWikipediaNodeFilter,
   hasChildren,
@@ -21,19 +23,33 @@ type ServerFetchResult =
       contentText: string;
       contentHash: string;
       sourceHtml: string;
-      canonicalIdentity: CanonicalIdentity | null;
+      canonicalIdentity: CanonicalIdentity;
     }
   | {
       success: false;
       failureReason: string;
     };
 
-export interface CanonicalIdentity {
-  platform: "WIKIPEDIA";
-  language: string;
-  pageId: string;
-  revisionId: string;
-}
+/**
+ * Post identity as reported by the platform itself. Identity-bound fields
+ * (post URL, author, Wikipedia page/revision) come from here whenever the
+ * server fetch succeeds, never from the client (SPEC §2.9).
+ */
+export type CanonicalIdentity =
+  | {
+      platform: "LESSWRONG";
+      url: string;
+      title: string;
+      /** Null when LessWrong reports no user for the post (e.g. deleted account). */
+      author: { slug: string; displayName: string } | null;
+    }
+  | {
+      platform: "WIKIPEDIA";
+      url: string;
+      language: string;
+      pageId: string;
+      revisionId: string;
+    };
 
 export type CanonicalContentFetchResult =
   | {
@@ -41,7 +57,7 @@ export type CanonicalContentFetchResult =
       contentText: string;
       contentHash: string;
       sourceHtml: string;
-      canonicalIdentity: CanonicalIdentity | null;
+      canonicalIdentity: CanonicalIdentity;
     }
   | {
       provenance: "CLIENT_FALLBACK";
@@ -83,6 +99,8 @@ export type CanonicalFetchInput =
     }
   | WikipediaCanonicalFetchInput;
 
+const LESSWRONG_GRAPHQL_URL = "https://www.lesswrong.com/graphql";
+
 function describeFetchError(error: unknown): string {
   return error instanceof Error ? error.message : String(error);
 }
@@ -97,53 +115,71 @@ function isTransientHttpStatus(status: number): boolean {
 
 const TRANSIENT_RETRY_DELAYS_MS = [200, 400, 800] as const;
 
+/**
+ * Wall-clock budget for one canonical fetch, retries included. The fetch runs
+ * synchronously inside registerObservedVersion, so a slow or hanging platform
+ * must degrade to CLIENT_FALLBACK quickly rather than hold the request open.
+ */
+const CANONICAL_FETCH_DEADLINE_MS = 10_000;
+
+/** Largest canonical response body we will read (large Wikipedia articles are a few MB). */
+const MAX_CANONICAL_RESPONSE_BYTES = 10 * 1024 * 1024;
+
 /**
  * Fetch wrapper that retries on transient failures (network errors, HTTP 429,
- * HTTP 5xx) with exponential backoff. Non-transient errors (4xx except 429,
- * parse failures) propagate immediately.
+ * HTTP 5xx) with exponential backoff, all within one deadline signal.
+ * Non-transient errors (4xx except 429) are returned immediately.
  *
- * Returns the successful Response, or throws the last error / returns the
- * last non-ok Response if all attempts fail.
+ * Returns the first non-transient Response or the last transient one once
+ * retries are exhausted; throws the last network error, or the abort reason
+ * once the deadline passes.
  */
 async function fetchWithTransientRetry(
-  input: string | URL | Request,
-  init?: RequestInit,
+  input: string | URL,
+  init: RequestInit & { signal: AbortSignal },
 ): Promise<Response> {
-  let lastError: unknown;
-  for (let attempt = 0; attempt <= TRANSIENT_RETRY_DELAYS_MS.length; attempt += 1) {
+  for (let attempt = 0; ; attempt += 1) {
+    const retryDelayMs = TRANSIENT_RETRY_DELAYS_MS[attempt];
     try {
       const response = await fetch(input, init);
-      if (response.ok || !isTransientHttpStatus(response.status)) {
+      if (response.ok || !isTransientHttpStatus(response.status) || retryDelayMs === undefined) {
         return response;
       }
-      // Transient HTTP error — retry if attempts remain.
-      lastError = new Error(`HTTP ${response.status.toString()}`);
-      if (attempt < TRANSIENT_RETRY_DELAYS_MS.length) {
-        const delayMs = TRANSIENT_RETRY_DELAYS_MS[attempt];
-        if (delayMs !== undefined) {
-          await new Promise<void>((resolve) => {
-            setTimeout(resolve, delayMs);
-          });
-        }
-        continue;
-      }
-      return response;
+      await response.body?.cancel();
     } catch (error) {
-      // Network error — retry if attempts remain.
-      lastError = error;
-      if (attempt < TRANSIENT_RETRY_DELAYS_MS.length) {
-        const delayMs = TRANSIENT_RETRY_DELAYS_MS[attempt];
-        if (delayMs !== undefined) {
-          await new Promise<void>((resolve) => {
-            setTimeout(resolve, delayMs);
-          });
-        }
-        continue;
+      if (init.signal.aborted || retryDelayMs === undefined) {
+        throw error;
       }
-      throw error;
     }
+    await sleep(retryDelayMs, undefined, { signal: init.signal });
+  }
+}
+
+/** Read and JSON-parse a response body, refusing bodies over MAX_CANONICAL_RESPONSE_BYTES. */
+async function readJsonWithinLimit(response: Response): Promise<unknown> {
+  const contentLength = Number.parseInt(response.headers.get("content-length") ?? "", 10);
+  if (Number.isFinite(contentLength) && contentLength > MAX_CANONICAL_RESPONSE_BYTES) {
+    await response.body?.cancel();
+    throw new Error(`response is ${contentLength.toString()} bytes, over the size limit`);
+  }
+  if (response.body === null) {
+    throw new Error("response has no body");
+  }
+
+  const reader = response.body.getReader();
+  const chunks: Uint8Array[] = [];
+  let totalBytes = 0;
+  for (;;) {
+    const { done, value } = await reader.read();
+    if (done) break;
+    totalBytes += value.byteLength;
+    if (totalBytes > MAX_CANONICAL_RESPONSE_BYTES) {
+      await reader.cancel("Canonical response exceeds size limit");
+      throw new Error("response body exceeds the size limit");
+    }
+    chunks.push(value);
   }
-  throw lastError;
+  return JSON.parse(Buffer.concat(chunks).toString("utf8"));
 }
 
 function parseNonNegativeIntegerId(value: unknown): string | null {
@@ -157,36 +193,32 @@ function parseNonNegativeIntegerId(value: unknown): string | null {
 }
 
 /**
- * Extract the full HTML body from a LessWrong GraphQL response.
+ * The parts of a LessWrong GraphQL `post` response we rely on.
  *
- * We use the `html` field rather than `plaintextMainText` because the latter
- * is truncated to 2000 characters by LessWrong's API, which would cause a
+ * We use `contents.html` rather than `plaintextMainText` because the latter is
+ * truncated to 2000 characters by LessWrong's API, which would cause a
  * canonicalization mismatch for any post longer than that.
  */
-function extractLesswrongHtml(value: unknown): string | null {
-  if (!isNonNullObject(value)) return null;
-
-  const data = value["data"];
-  if (!isNonNullObject(data)) return null;
-
-  const post = data["post"];
-  if (!isNonNullObject(post)) return null;
-
-  const result = post["result"];
-  if (!isNonNullObject(result)) return null;
-
-  const contents = result["contents"];
-  if (!isNonNullObject(contents)) return null;
-
-  const html = contents["html"];
-  return typeof html === "string" ? html : null;
-}
+const lesswrongPostResponseSchema = z.object({
+  data: z.object({
+    post: z.object({
+      result: z.object({
+        _id: z.string().min(1),
+        slug: z.string().min(1),
+        title: z.string().min(1),
+        contents: z.object({ html: z.string().min(1) }),
+        user: z.object({ slug: z.string().min(1), displayName: z.string().min(1) }).nullable(),
+      }),
+    }),
+  }),
+});
 
 /**
  * Shared parse5 HTML-to-text traversal used by all platform extractors.
  *
  * Performs a stack-based DFS over the parse5 fragment tree, collecting text
- * node values and injecting word-boundary separators at block element edges.
+ * node values and injecting word-boundary separators at the edges of
+ * `WORD_SEPARATOR_TAGS` elements (blocks and line breaks).
  *
  * Built-in behavior (unconditional):
  *   - `NON_CONTENT_TAGS` (script, style, noscript) are always excluded.
@@ -197,7 +229,7 @@ function extractLesswrongHtml(value: unknown): string | null {
  */
 function parse5HtmlToTextContent(html: string, nodeFilter?: Parse5NodeFilter): string {
   const fragment = parseFragment(html);
-  const stack: { node: DefaultTreeAdapterMap["node"]; phase: "enter" | "exit" }[] = [];
+  const stack: { node: DefaultTreeAdapterMap["childNode"]; phase: "enter" | "exit" }[] = [];
   for (let index = fragment.childNodes.length - 1; index >= 0; index -= 1) {
     const child = fragment.childNodes[index];
     if (child !== undefined) {
@@ -213,7 +245,7 @@ function parse5HtmlToTextContent(html: string, nodeFilter?: Parse5NodeFilter): s
     const { node, phase } = current;
 
     if (phase === "exit") {
-      if (isElementNode(node) && CONTENT_BLOCK_SEPARATOR_TAGS.has(node.tagName.toLowerCase())) {
+      if (isElementNode(node) && WORD_SEPARATOR_TAGS.has(node.tagName.toLowerCase())) {
         chunks.push(" ");
       }
       continue;
@@ -238,7 +270,7 @@ function parse5HtmlToTextContent(html: string, nodeFilter?: Parse5NodeFilter): s
       continue;
     }
 
-    if (isElementNode(node) && CONTENT_BLOCK_SEPARATOR_TAGS.has(node.tagName.toLowerCase())) {
+    if (isElementNode(node) && WORD_SEPARATOR_TAGS.has(node.tagName.toLowerCase())) {
       chunks.push(" ");
     }
 
@@ -304,9 +336,10 @@ async function fetchLesswrongContent(
   input: Extract<CanonicalFetchInput, { platform: "LESSWRONG" }>,
 ): Promise<ServerFetchResult> {
   const postId = input.externalId;
-  let response: Response;
+  const deadline = AbortSignal.timeout(CANONICAL_FETCH_DEADLINE_MS);
+  let data: unknown;
   try {
-    response = await fetchWithTransientRetry("https://www.lesswrong.com/graphql", {
+    const response = await fetchWithTransientRetry(LESSWRONG_GRAPHQL_URL, {
       method: "POST",
       headers: { "Content-Type": "application/json" },
       body: JSON.stringify({
@@ -314,6 +347,7 @@ async function fetchLesswrongContent(
           post(input: { selector: { _id: $id } }) {
             result {
               _id
+              slug
               title
               contents {
                 html
@@ -327,7 +361,13 @@ async function fetchLesswrongContent(
         }`,
         variables: { id: postId },
       }),
+      signal: deadline,
     });
+    if (!response.ok) {
+      await response.body?.cancel();
+      return { success: false, failureReason: `LW API returned ${response.status.toString()}` };
+    }
+    data = await readJsonWithinLimit(response);
   } catch (error) {
     return {
       success: false,
@@ -335,30 +375,51 @@ async function fetchLesswrongContent(
     };
   }
 
-  if (!response.ok) {
-    return { success: false, failureReason: `LW API returned ${response.status}` };
-  }
-
-  let data: unknown;
-  try {
-    data = await response.json();
-  } catch (error) {
+  const parsed = lesswrongPostResponseSchema.safeParse(data);
+  if (!parsed.success) {
     return {
       success: false,
-      failureReason: `LW API returned invalid JSON: ${describeFetchError(error)}`,
+      failureReason: "Could not extract post content and identity from LW API response",
     };
   }
-  const html = extractLesswrongHtml(data);
-  if (html === null || html.length === 0) {
+  const post = parsed.data.data.post.result;
+  if (post._id !== postId) {
     return {
       success: false,
-      failureReason: "Could not extract HTML from LW API response",
+      failureReason: `LW API returned post ${post._id} for requested post ${postId}`,
     };
   }
 
-  const contentText = lesswrongHtmlToNormalizedText(html);
+  const contentText = lesswrongHtmlToNormalizedText(post.contents.html);
   const contentHash = await hashContent(contentText);
-  return { success: true, contentText, contentHash, sourceHtml: html, canonicalIdentity: null };
+  return {
+    success: true,
+    contentText,
+    contentHash,
+    sourceHtml: post.contents.html,
+    canonicalIdentity: {
+      platform: "LESSWRONG",
+      url: lesswrongPostUrl(post._id, post.slug),
+      title: post.title,
+      author: post.user,
+    },
+  };
+}
+
+function lesswrongPostUrl(postId: string, slug: string): string {
+  return `https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/${encodeURIComponent(postId)}/${encodeURIComponent(slug)}`;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Article URL for a Wikipedia title as returned by the parse API (spaces, not
+ * underscores). Slashes and colons stay literal so subpages and namespaces
+ * read naturally; everything else is percent-encoded.
+ */
+function wikipediaArticleUrl(language: string, title: string): string {
+  const encodedTitle = encodeURIComponent(title.replace(/ /g, "_"))
+    .replace(/%2F/g, "/")
+    .replace(/%3A/g, ":");
+  return `https://${language}.wikipedia.org/wiki/${encodedTitle}`;
 }
 
 function wikipediaHtmlToTextContent(html: string): string {
@@ -371,6 +432,7 @@ export function wikipediaHtmlToNormalizedText(html: string): string {
 
 function extractWikipediaParsePayload(value: unknown): {
   html: string;
+  title: string;
   pageId: string;
   revisionId: string;
 } | null {
@@ -379,15 +441,17 @@ function extractWikipediaParsePayload(value: unknown): {
   if (!isNonNullObject(parse)) return null;
 
   const text = parse["text"];
+  const title = parse["title"];
   const revisionId = parseNonNegativeIntegerId(parse["revid"]);
   const pageId = parseNonNegativeIntegerId(parse["pageid"]);
-  if (typeof text !== "string") return null;
+  if (typeof text !== "string" || typeof title !== "string" || title.length === 0) return null;
   if (revisionId === null || pageId === null) {
     return null;
   }
 
   return {
     html: text,
+    title,
     pageId,
     revisionId,
   };
@@ -421,29 +485,22 @@ async function fetchWikipediaContent(
   endpoint.searchParams.set("prop", "text|revid");
   endpoint.searchParams.set("oldid", revisionId);
 
-  let response: Response;
-  try {
-    response = await fetchWithTransientRetry(endpoint);
-  } catch (error) {
-    return {
-      success: false,
-      failureReason: `Wikipedia parse request failed: ${describeFetchError(error)}`,
-    };
-  }
-  if (!response.ok) {
-    return {
-      success: false,
-      failureReason: `Wikipedia parse API returned ${response.status}`,
-    };
-  }
-
+  const deadline = AbortSignal.timeout(CANONICAL_FETCH_DEADLINE_MS);
   let data: unknown;
   try {
-    data = await response.json();
+    const response = await fetchWithTransientRetry(endpoint, { signal: deadline });
+    if (!response.ok) {
+      await response.body?.cancel();
+      return {
+        success: false,
+        failureReason: `Wikipedia parse API returned ${response.status.toString()}`,
+      };
+    }
+    data = await readJsonWithinLimit(response);
   } catch (error) {
     return {
       success: false,
-      failureReason: `Wikipedia parse API returned invalid JSON: ${describeFetchError(error)}`,
+      failureReason: `Wikipedia parse request failed: ${describeFetchError(error)}`,
     };
   }
   const payload = extractWikipediaParsePayload(data);
@@ -470,6 +527,7 @@ async function fetchWikipediaContent(
     sourceHtml: payload.html,
     canonicalIdentity: {
       platform: "WIKIPEDIA",
+      url: wikipediaArticleUrl(language, payload.title),
       language,
       pageId: payload.pageId,
       revisionId: payload.revisionId,
diff --git a/src/typescript/api/src/lib/services/hmac.ts b/src/typescript/api/src/lib/services/hmac.ts
deleted file mode 100644
index 9d7745b..0000000
--- a/src/typescript/api/src/lib/services/hmac.ts
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,28 +0,0 @@
-async function computeHmac(secret: string, body: string): Promise<string> {
-  const key = await crypto.subtle.importKey(
-    "raw",
-    new TextEncoder().encode(secret),
-    { name: "HMAC", hash: "SHA-256" },
-    false,
-    ["sign"],
-  );
-  const sig = await crypto.subtle.sign("HMAC", key, new TextEncoder().encode(body));
-  return Array.from(new Uint8Array(sig))
-    .map((b) => b.toString(16).padStart(2, "0"))
-    .join("");
-}
-
-export async function verifyHmac(
-  secret: string,
-  body: string,
-  signature: string,
-): Promise<boolean> {
-  const expected = await computeHmac(secret, body);
-  // Constant-time comparison
-  if (expected.length !== signature.length) return false;
-  let result = 0;
-  for (let i = 0; i < expected.length; i++) {
-    result |= expected.charCodeAt(i) ^ signature.charCodeAt(i);
-  }
-  return result === 0;
-}
diff --git a/src/typescript/api/src/lib/services/html-to-markdown.ts b/src/typescript/api/src/lib/services/html-to-markdown.ts
index 8722073..7013c1b 100644
--- a/src/typescript/api/src/lib/services/html-to-markdown.ts
+++ b/src/typescript/api/src/lib/services/html-to-markdown.ts
@@ -17,12 +17,12 @@
 
 import { NON_CONTENT_TAGS } from "@openerrata/shared";
 import TurndownService from "turndown";
-import type { ImagePlaceholder } from "$lib/investigators/interface.js";
 import { preFilterWikipediaHtml } from "./wikipedia-content-filter.js";
 
 interface HtmlToMarkdownResult {
   markdown: string;
-  imagePlaceholders: ImagePlaceholder[];
+  /** Absolute source URL of the image behind `[IMAGE:N]`, indexed by N. */
+  imageSourceUrls: string[];
 }
 
 /**
@@ -30,7 +30,26 @@ interface HtmlToMarkdownResult {
  * or image placeholder format changes — ensures InvestigationInput snapshots
  * record which renderer produced the stored markdown.
  */
-export const MARKDOWN_RENDERER_VERSION = "1.2.0";
+export const MARKDOWN_RENDERER_VERSION = "1.3.0";
+
+/**
+ * Resolve an `<img src>` against the post URL (Wikipedia HTML uses
+ * protocol-relative URLs) into the absolute form image occurrences use.
+ * Returns null for sources that can never be fetched (data:, relative junk,
+ * embedded credentials).
+ */
+function resolveImageSourceUrl(src: string, baseUrl: string): string | null {
+  if (src.length === 0) return null;
+  let resolved: URL;
+  try {
+    resolved = new URL(src, baseUrl);
+  } catch {
+    return null;
+  }
+  if (resolved.protocol !== "http:" && resolved.protocol !== "https:") return null;
+  if (resolved.username.length > 0 || resolved.password.length > 0) return null;
+  return resolved.toString();
+}
 
 // ── Turndown configuration ────────────────────────────────────────────────
 
@@ -43,27 +62,27 @@ const TURNDOWN_OPTIONS: TurndownService.Options = {
 };
 
 /**
- * Convert HTML to markdown with `[IMAGE:N]` placeholders for each `<img>` tag.
+ * Convert HTML to markdown with an `[IMAGE:N]` placeholder for each `<img>`
+ * whose source is a fetchable URL; images without one are dropped.
  *
- * Returns the markdown string and the ordered list of placeholders so the
- * input builder can match placeholders to resolved image occurrences by URL.
+ * Returns the markdown and the source URL behind each placeholder so the
+ * investigation input can match placeholders to downloaded images by URL.
  */
-function htmlToMarkdownWithImages(html: string): HtmlToMarkdownResult {
-  const placeholders: ImagePlaceholder[] = [];
+function htmlToMarkdownWithImages(html: string, baseUrl: string): HtmlToMarkdownResult {
+  const imageSourceUrls: string[] = [];
 
   const service = new TurndownService(TURNDOWN_OPTIONS);
 
   service.addRule("imagePlaceholder", {
     filter: "img",
     replacement: (_content, node) => {
-      const src = node.getAttribute("src")?.trim() ?? "";
-      const index = placeholders.length;
-      if (src.length > 0) {
-        placeholders.push({ index, matchBy: "SOURCE_URL", sourceUrl: src });
-      } else {
-        placeholders.push({ index, matchBy: "ORIGINAL_INDEX" });
+      const sourceUrl = resolveImageSourceUrl(node.getAttribute("src")?.trim() ?? "", baseUrl);
+      if (sourceUrl === null) {
+        return "";
       }
-      return ` [IMAGE:${index}] `;
+      const index = imageSourceUrls.length;
+      imageSourceUrls.push(sourceUrl);
+      return ` [IMAGE:${index.toString()}] `;
     },
   });
 
@@ -71,7 +90,7 @@ function htmlToMarkdownWithImages(html: string): HtmlToMarkdownResult {
   // Substack wrap images in <a href="..."><img/></a> to make them clickable.
   // Turndown's default link rule would produce "[ [IMAGE:0] ](url)" with extra
   // blank lines from inner block containers (div, figure, etc.). The anchor URL
-  // is redundant — the image URL is already captured in imagePlaceholders for
+  // is redundant — the image URL is already captured in imageSourceUrls for
   // matching — so we discard it and return just the placeholder(s).
   service.addRule("imageOnlyLink", {
     filter: (node) =>
@@ -103,19 +122,26 @@ function htmlToMarkdownWithImages(html: string): HtmlToMarkdownResult {
   service.remove((node) => NON_CONTENT_TAGS.has(node.nodeName.toLowerCase()));
 
   const markdown = service.turndown(html);
-  return { markdown, imagePlaceholders: placeholders };
+  return { markdown, imageSourceUrls };
 }
 
 // ── Platform wrappers ────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+// `postUrl` is the base for resolving relative image sources.
 
-export function lesswrongHtmlToContentMarkdown(html: string): HtmlToMarkdownResult {
-  return htmlToMarkdownWithImages(html);
+export function lesswrongHtmlToContentMarkdown(
+  html: string,
+  postUrl: string,
+): HtmlToMarkdownResult {
+  return htmlToMarkdownWithImages(html, postUrl);
 }
 
-export function wikipediaHtmlToContentMarkdown(html: string): HtmlToMarkdownResult {
-  return htmlToMarkdownWithImages(preFilterWikipediaHtml(html));
+export function wikipediaHtmlToContentMarkdown(
+  html: string,
+  postUrl: string,
+): HtmlToMarkdownResult {
+  return htmlToMarkdownWithImages(preFilterWikipediaHtml(html), postUrl);
 }
 
-export function substackHtmlToContentMarkdown(html: string): HtmlToMarkdownResult {
-  return htmlToMarkdownWithImages(html);
+export function substackHtmlToContentMarkdown(html: string, postUrl: string): HtmlToMarkdownResult {
+  return htmlToMarkdownWithImages(html, postUrl);
 }
diff --git a/src/typescript/api/src/lib/services/image-downloader.ts b/src/typescript/api/src/lib/services/image-downloader.ts
index cbb4449..53faa50 100644
--- a/src/typescript/api/src/lib/services/image-downloader.ts
+++ b/src/typescript/api/src/lib/services/image-downloader.ts
@@ -7,12 +7,10 @@ import {
 import { getPrisma } from "$lib/db/client.js";
 import { isUniqueConstraintError } from "$lib/db/errors.js";
 import type { ImageBlob } from "$lib/db/prisma-client";
-import { hasAddressIntersection, resolvePublicHostAddresses } from "$lib/network/host-safety.js";
-import { isRedirectStatus } from "$lib/network/http-status.js";
+import { fetchPublicHttp, readBodyPrefix } from "$lib/network/public-http-fetch.js";
 import { uploadImage } from "./blob-storage.js";
 
 const IMAGE_DOWNLOAD_TIMEOUT_MS = 15_000;
-const MAX_REDIRECT_HOPS = 5;
 
 const SUPPORTED_MIME_TYPE_SET: ReadonlySet<string> = new Set(SUPPORTED_IMAGE_MIME_TYPE_VALUES);
 
@@ -29,142 +27,39 @@ export function parseImageContentType(
   return normalized;
 }
 
-function uniqueImageUrls(urls: string[]): string[] {
-  const unique = new Set<string>();
-
-  for (const url of urls) {
-    const trimmed = url.trim();
-    if (trimmed.length === 0) continue;
-    try {
-      const parsed = new URL(trimmed);
-      if (parsed.protocol !== "http:" && parsed.protocol !== "https:") continue;
-      if (parsed.username.length > 0 || parsed.password.length > 0) continue;
-      unique.add(parsed.toString());
-    } catch {
-      // Ignore malformed image URLs to keep investigation flow robust.
-    }
-  }
-
-  return Array.from(unique);
-}
-
-async function readResponseBytesWithinLimit(
-  response: Response,
-  maxBytes: number,
-): Promise<Uint8Array | null> {
-  if (!response.body) {
-    return null;
-  }
-
-  const reader = response.body.getReader();
-  const chunks: Uint8Array[] = [];
-  let totalBytes = 0;
-
-  try {
-    while (true) {
-      const { done, value } = await reader.read();
-      if (done) break;
-
-      totalBytes += value.byteLength;
-      if (totalBytes > maxBytes) {
-        await reader.cancel("Image exceeds maximum byte limit");
-        return null;
-      }
-      chunks.push(value);
-    }
-  } catch {
-    await reader.cancel();
-    return null;
-  } finally {
-    reader.releaseLock();
-  }
-
-  const bytes = new Uint8Array(totalBytes);
-  let offset = 0;
-  for (const chunk of chunks) {
-    bytes.set(chunk, offset);
-    offset += chunk.byteLength;
-  }
-
-  return bytes;
-}
-
+/**
+ * Download one image from the public internet (SSRF-safe; see
+ * public-http-fetch.ts). Returns null when the image is unreachable, blocked,
+ * not a supported image type, or over MAX_IMAGE_BYTES; a single bad image
+ * never fails the investigation. Aborting `signal` aborts the download.
+ */
 async function downloadImage(
   url: string,
+  signal: AbortSignal,
 ): Promise<{ bytes: Uint8Array; mimeType: SupportedImageMimeType } | null> {
   try {
-    let currentUrl = new URL(url);
-
-    for (let redirectHop = 0; redirectHop <= MAX_REDIRECT_HOPS; redirectHop += 1) {
-      if (currentUrl.protocol !== "http:" && currentUrl.protocol !== "https:") {
-        return null;
-      }
-      const resolvedBeforeRequest = await resolvePublicHostAddresses(currentUrl.hostname);
-      if (!resolvedBeforeRequest) {
-        return null;
-      }
-
-      const response = await fetch(currentUrl, {
-        method: "GET",
-        redirect: "manual",
-        signal: AbortSignal.timeout(IMAGE_DOWNLOAD_TIMEOUT_MS),
-        headers: {
-          "User-Agent": "OpenErrataImageDownloader/1.0 (+https://openerrata.com)",
-          Accept: "image/*",
-        },
-      });
-
-      if (isRedirectStatus(response.status)) {
-        const location = response.headers.get("location");
-        if (location === null || location.length === 0) {
-          return null;
-        }
-
-        currentUrl = new URL(location, currentUrl);
-        continue;
-      }
-
-      if (!response.ok) {
-        return null;
-      }
-
-      // Re-resolve and require overlap with pre-request answers. This narrows
-      // DNS rebinding windows by rejecting responses when hostname resolution
-      // shifts to a disjoint address set during request handling.
-      const resolvedAfterRequest = await resolvePublicHostAddresses(currentUrl.hostname);
-      if (
-        !resolvedAfterRequest ||
-        !hasAddressIntersection(resolvedBeforeRequest, resolvedAfterRequest)
-      ) {
-        return null;
-      }
-
-      const contentType = parseImageContentType(response.headers.get("content-type"));
-      if (contentType === null || contentType.length === 0) {
-        return null;
-      }
-
-      const contentLengthHeader = response.headers.get("content-length");
-      if (contentLengthHeader !== null && contentLengthHeader.length > 0) {
-        const contentLength = Number.parseInt(contentLengthHeader, 10);
-        if (Number.isFinite(contentLength) && contentLength > MAX_IMAGE_BYTES) {
-          return null;
-        }
-      }
-
-      const bytes = await readResponseBytesWithinLimit(response, MAX_IMAGE_BYTES);
-      if (bytes === null) {
-        return null;
-      }
+    const { response } = await fetchPublicHttp({
+      url: new URL(url),
+      headers: {
+        "User-Agent": "OpenErrataImageDownloader/1.0 (+https://openerrata.com)",
+        Accept: "image/*",
+      },
+      signal: AbortSignal.any([signal, AbortSignal.timeout(IMAGE_DOWNLOAD_TIMEOUT_MS)]),
+    });
 
-      return {
-        bytes,
-        mimeType: contentType,
-      };
+    const contentType = parseImageContentType(response.headers.get("content-type"));
+    if (!response.ok || contentType === null) {
+      await response.body?.cancel();
+      return null;
     }
 
-    return null;
-  } catch {
+    const { bytes, truncated } = await readBodyPrefix(response, MAX_IMAGE_BYTES);
+    if (truncated) {
+      return null;
+    }
+    return { bytes, mimeType: contentType };
+  } catch (error) {
+    if (signal.aborted) throw error;
     return null;
   }
 }
@@ -225,20 +120,20 @@ type ImageDownloadResolution =
       status: "failed";
     };
 
+/**
+ * Download each URL, dedupe by content hash, and store new images in blob
+ * storage. Results are reported per input URL, in order. Throws only when
+ * `signal` aborts (the run lost its lease) or storage fails.
+ */
 export async function downloadAndStoreImages(
   urls: string[],
-  maxCount: number,
+  signal: AbortSignal,
 ): Promise<ImageDownloadResolution[]> {
-  const uniqueUrls = uniqueImageUrls(urls).slice(0, maxCount);
-  if (uniqueUrls.length === 0) {
-    return [];
-  }
-
   const resolutions: ImageDownloadResolution[] = [];
   const resolvedByContentHash = new Map<string, ResolvedDownloadedImage>();
 
-  for (const imageUrl of uniqueUrls) {
-    const downloaded = await downloadImage(imageUrl);
+  for (const imageUrl of urls) {
+    const downloaded = await downloadImage(imageUrl, signal);
     if (!downloaded) {
       resolutions.push({
         sourceUrl: imageUrl,
diff --git a/src/typescript/api/src/lib/services/investigate-now.ts b/src/typescript/api/src/lib/services/investigate-now.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..283f5b8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/typescript/api/src/lib/services/investigate-now.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,172 @@
+/**
+ * investigateNow (SPEC §2.6, §3.3): explicit requests to investigate one
+ * content version.
+ *
+ * - No investigation yet → admit one funded by the requester (their verified
+ *   OpenAI key if they sent one, else the instance key they authenticated
+ *   with), with update lineage, and enqueue it.
+ * - COMPLETE or FAILED → return it as is. FAILED is terminal (SPEC §3.7).
+ * - PROCESSING → return it, after recovering it first if its lease expired.
+ * - PENDING and funded → make sure a queue job exists. The requester's key is
+ *   never attached: whoever admitted it is already paying for it.
+ * - PENDING and unfunded (its user key was dropped) → fund it as above.
+ */
+
+import { WORD_COUNT_LIMIT } from "@openerrata/shared";
+import type { PrismaClient } from "$lib/db/client";
+import { isUniqueConstraintError } from "$lib/db/errors.js";
+import {
+  fundUnfundedInvestigation,
+  insertAdmittedInvestigation,
+  type InvestigationFunding,
+} from "./investigation-admission.js";
+import { buildInvestigationInputSnapshot } from "./investigation-input.js";
+import { recoverExpiredLease } from "./investigation-lease.js";
+import { enqueueInvestigation } from "./queue.js";
+import { resolveUpdateLineage } from "./update-lineage.js";
+import { verifyUserOpenAiApiKey, type UserOpenAiKeyVerification } from "./user-key-source.js";
+
+export class InvestigationWordLimitError extends Error {
+  readonly limit: number;
+  readonly observedWordCount: number;
+
+  constructor(observedWordCount: number, limit: number) {
+    super(`Post exceeds word count limit (${limit.toString()} words)`);
+    this.name = "InvestigationWordLimitError";
+    this.observedWordCount = observedWordCount;
+    this.limit = limit;
+  }
+}
+
+export class UserOpenAiKeyRejectedError extends Error {
+  readonly outcome: Extract<UserOpenAiKeyVerification, { verified: false }>["outcome"];
+
+  constructor(outcome: UserOpenAiKeyRejectedError["outcome"]) {
+    super(`User OpenAI key was not accepted (${outcome.openaiApiKeyStatus})`);
+    this.name = "UserOpenAiKeyRejectedError";
+    this.outcome = outcome;
+  }
+}
+
+/** Who is asking, and therefore who would pay for a run this request admits. */
+export type InvestigationRequester =
+  | { kind: "INSTANCE_API_KEY" }
+  /** The key as sent; it is verified with OpenAI only if it would be attached. */
+  | { kind: "USER_OPENAI_KEY"; apiKey: string };
+
+async function fundingFor(requester: InvestigationRequester): Promise<InvestigationFunding> {
+  if (requester.kind === "INSTANCE_API_KEY") {
+    return { origin: "INSTANCE_REQUEST" };
+  }
+  const verification = await verifyUserOpenAiApiKey(requester.apiKey);
+  if (!verification.verified) {
+    throw new UserOpenAiKeyRejectedError(verification.outcome);
+  }
+  return { origin: "USER_KEY_REQUEST", apiKey: verification.apiKey };
+}
+
+/**
+ * Handle one investigateNow request and return the id of the investigation for
+ * `postVersion`. Throws InvestigationWordLimitError when a new investigation
+ * would exceed the word limit, and UserOpenAiKeyRejectedError when a user key
+ * would fund the run but OpenAI does not accept it.
+ */
+export async function requestInvestigation(
+  prisma: PrismaClient,
+  input: {
+    postVersion: {
+      id: string;
+      postId: string;
+      contentBlob: { contentText: string; wordCount: number };
+    };
+    promptId: string;
+    requester: InvestigationRequester;
+  },
+): Promise<{ investigationId: string }> {
+  const { postVersion } = input;
+  // A later pass follows a concurrent creation, an expired-lease recovery, or
+  // a lost race to fund an unfunded investigation; each re-reads the row.
+  for (let pass = 0; pass < 3; pass += 1) {
+    const existing = await prisma.investigation.findUnique({
+      where: { postVersionId: postVersion.id },
+      select: {
+        id: true,
+        status: true,
+        origin: true,
+        openAiKeySource: { select: { investigationId: true } },
+        lease: { select: { leaseExpiresAt: true } },
+      },
+    });
+
+    if (existing === null) {
+      if (postVersion.contentBlob.wordCount > WORD_COUNT_LIMIT) {
+        throw new InvestigationWordLimitError(postVersion.contentBlob.wordCount, WORD_COUNT_LIMIT);
+      }
+      const lineage = await resolveUpdateLineage(prisma, {
+        id: postVersion.id,
+        postId: postVersion.postId,
+        contentText: postVersion.contentBlob.contentText,
+      });
+      const snapshot = await buildInvestigationInputSnapshot(prisma, postVersion.id);
+      const funding = await fundingFor(input.requester);
+      let created: { id: string };
+      try {
+        created = await prisma.$transaction((tx) =>
+          insertAdmittedInvestigation(tx, {
+            postVersionId: postVersion.id,
+            promptId: input.promptId,
+            funding,
+            lineage,
+            snapshot,
+            now: new Date(),
+          }),
+        );
+      } catch (error) {
+        if (isUniqueConstraintError(error)) continue;
+        throw error;
+      }
+      await enqueueInvestigation(created.id);
+      return { investigationId: created.id };
+    }
+
+    switch (existing.status) {
+      case "COMPLETE":
+      case "FAILED":
+        return { investigationId: existing.id };
+      case "PROCESSING":
+        if (existing.lease !== null && existing.lease.leaseExpiresAt.getTime() <= Date.now()) {
+          await recoverExpiredLease(prisma, existing.id);
+          continue;
+        }
+        return { investigationId: existing.id };
+      case "PENDING": {
+        const unfunded =
+          existing.origin === "USER_KEY_REQUEST" && existing.openAiKeySource === null;
+        if (unfunded) {
+          const funding = await fundingFor(input.requester);
+          let funded: boolean;
+          try {
+            funded = await prisma.$transaction((tx) =>
+              fundUnfundedInvestigation(tx, {
+                investigationId: existing.id,
+                funding,
+                now: new Date(),
+              }),
+            );
+          } catch (error) {
+            // A concurrent request attached its key first.
+            if (isUniqueConstraintError(error)) continue;
+            throw error;
+          }
+          if (!funded) continue;
+        }
+        await enqueueInvestigation(existing.id);
+        return { investigationId: existing.id };
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  throw new Error(
+    `investigateNow could not settle on an investigation for post version ${postVersion.id}: its state kept changing`,
+  );
+}
diff --git a/src/typescript/api/src/lib/services/investigation-admission.ts b/src/typescript/api/src/lib/services/investigation-admission.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fbb378a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/typescript/api/src/lib/services/investigation-admission.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+/**
+ * Admitting investigations for execution (SPEC §3.7).
+ *
+ * An investigation is only ever created — or revived after its user key was
+ * dropped — together with a decision about who pays for it:
+ *
+ * - SELECTOR: background selection under the per-UTC-day budget; server key.
+ * - INSTANCE_REQUEST: investigateNow from an instance-API-key client; server key.
+ * - USER_KEY_REQUEST: investigateNow funded by the requester's verified OpenAI
+ *   key, attached in the same transaction that admits the investigation.
+ *
+ * A user key only ever funds what its own request admits; it never takes over
+ * an investigation someone else is already paying for.
+ */
+
+import { randomUUID } from "node:crypto";
+import type { Prisma } from "$lib/db/prisma-client";
+import { DEFAULT_INVESTIGATION_PROVIDER } from "@openerrata/shared";
+import { investigationInputRow, type InvestigationInputSnapshot } from "./investigation-input.js";
+import type { UpdateLineage } from "./update-lineage.js";
+import { attachOpenAiKeySource, type VerifiedOpenAiApiKey } from "./user-key-source.js";
+
+export type InvestigationFunding =
+  | { origin: "SELECTOR" }
+  | { origin: "INSTANCE_REQUEST" }
+  | { origin: "USER_KEY_REQUEST"; apiKey: VerifiedOpenAiApiKey };
+
+/**
+ * Investigations no one is paying for: user-key admissions whose key was
+ * dropped. They wait, unqueued, until the selector or a new request funds them.
+ */
+export const unfundedInvestigationWhere = {
+  status: "PENDING",
+  origin: "USER_KEY_REQUEST",
+  openAiKeySource: { is: null },
+} satisfies Prisma.InvestigationWhereInput;
+
+async function attachFunding(
+  tx: Prisma.TransactionClient,
+  investigationId: string,
+  funding: InvestigationFunding,
+  now: Date,
+): Promise<void> {
+  if (funding.origin === "USER_KEY_REQUEST") {
+    await attachOpenAiKeySource(tx, { investigationId, apiKey: funding.apiKey, now });
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Create the PENDING investigation (and its immutable input snapshot) for a
+ * post version that has none. Throws a unique-constraint error if another
+ * request created one first; callers treat that as "already exists".
+ */
+export async function insertAdmittedInvestigation(
+  tx: Prisma.TransactionClient,
+  input: {
+    postVersionId: string;
+    promptId: string;
+    funding: InvestigationFunding;
+    lineage: UpdateLineage | null;
+    snapshot: InvestigationInputSnapshot;
+    now: Date;
+  },
+): Promise<{ id: string }> {
+  const investigationId = randomUUID();
+  await tx.investigationInput.create({
+    data: investigationInputRow(investigationId, input.snapshot),
+  });
+  const investigation = await tx.investigation.create({
+    data: {
+      id: investigationId,
+      inputId: investigationId,
+      postVersionId: input.postVersionId,
+      status: "PENDING",
+      parentInvestigationId: input.lineage?.parentInvestigationId ?? null,
+      contentDiff: input.lineage?.contentDiff ?? null,
+      promptId: input.promptId,
+      provider: DEFAULT_INVESTIGATION_PROVIDER,
+      origin: input.funding.origin,
+      admittedAt: input.now,
+      queuedAt: input.now,
+    },
+    select: { id: true },
+  });
+  await attachFunding(tx, investigation.id, input.funding, input.now);
+  return investigation;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Fund an unfunded investigation. Returns false when it is no longer
+ * unfunded (someone else funded it first, or it is no longer PENDING).
+ */
+export async function fundUnfundedInvestigation(
+  tx: Prisma.TransactionClient,
+  input: { investigationId: string; funding: InvestigationFunding; now: Date },
+): Promise<boolean> {
+  const admitted = await tx.investigation.updateMany({
+    where: { id: input.investigationId, ...unfundedInvestigationWhere },
+    data: { origin: input.funding.origin, admittedAt: input.now, queuedAt: input.now },
+  });
+  if (admitted.count === 0) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  await attachFunding(tx, input.investigationId, input.funding, input.now);
+  return true;
+}
diff --git a/src/typescript/api/src/lib/services/investigation-input.ts b/src/typescript/api/src/lib/services/investigation-input.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c1b8d2b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/typescript/api/src/lib/services/investigation-input.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,234 @@
+/**
+ * The immutable InvestigationInput snapshot (SPEC §2.4.4, §2.12).
+ *
+ * Everything the worker hands the investigator that could change after an
+ * investigation is queued — rendered markdown, the source URL behind each
+ * markdown image placeholder, and the post's URL, author and publication time
+ * — is captured here once, when the investigation row is created. Every
+ * attempt then runs on exactly the same input, whatever happens to the live
+ * Post and version-metadata rows afterwards.
+ */
+
+import type { ContentProvenance, Platform } from "@openerrata/shared";
+import type { DbClient } from "$lib/db/client";
+import type { Prisma } from "$lib/db/prisma-client";
+import { resolveMarkdownForInvestigation, type HtmlSnapshots } from "./markdown-resolution.js";
+
+export interface InvestigationInputSnapshot {
+  provenance: ContentProvenance;
+  contentHash: string;
+  markdown:
+    | { source: "NONE" }
+    | {
+        source: "SERVER_HTML" | "CLIENT_HTML";
+        markdown: string;
+        rendererVersion: string;
+        /** Source URL of the image behind `[IMAGE:N]`, indexed by N. */
+        imageSourceUrls: string[];
+      };
+  postUrl: string;
+  authorName: string | null;
+  postPublishedAt: Date | null;
+  hasVideo: boolean;
+}
+
+const postVersionForInputSnapshotSelect = {
+  serverVerifiedAt: true,
+  contentBlob: { select: { contentHash: true } },
+  post: {
+    select: {
+      platform: true,
+      url: true,
+      author: { select: { displayName: true } },
+    },
+  },
+  lesswrongVersionMeta: {
+    select: {
+      publishedAt: true,
+      serverHtmlBlob: { select: { htmlContent: true } },
+      clientHtmlBlob: { select: { htmlContent: true } },
+    },
+  },
+  xVersionMeta: {
+    select: {
+      postedAt: true,
+      mediaUrls: true,
+    },
+  },
+  substackVersionMeta: {
+    select: {
+      publishedAt: true,
+      clientHtmlBlob: { select: { htmlContent: true } },
+    },
+  },
+  wikipediaVersionMeta: {
+    select: {
+      lastModifiedAt: true,
+      serverHtmlBlob: { select: { htmlContent: true } },
+      clientHtmlBlob: { select: { htmlContent: true } },
+    },
+  },
+} satisfies Prisma.PostVersionSelect;
+
+type PostVersionForInputSnapshot = Prisma.PostVersionGetPayload<{
+  select: typeof postVersionForInputSnapshotSelect;
+}>;
+
+function unreachablePlatform(platform: never): never {
+  throw new Error(`Unsupported post platform: ${String(platform)}`);
+}
+
+const VIDEO_PATH_SUFFIXES = [".mp4", ".webm", ".m3u8", ".mov", ".m4v"] as const;
+
+/** Whether a media URL points at a video file, judged by its path extension. */
+export function isLikelyVideoUrl(url: string): boolean {
+  let pathname: string;
+  try {
+    pathname = new URL(url).pathname.toLowerCase();
+  } catch {
+    return false;
+  }
+  return VIDEO_PATH_SUFFIXES.some((suffix) => pathname.endsWith(suffix));
+}
+
+interface PlatformInputFields {
+  htmlSnapshots: HtmlSnapshots;
+  postPublishedAt: Date | null;
+  hasVideo: boolean;
+}
+
+function htmlSnapshots(
+  serverVerifiedAt: Date | null,
+  serverHtml: string | null,
+  clientHtml: string | null,
+  platform: Platform,
+): HtmlSnapshots {
+  if (serverVerifiedAt === null) {
+    return { serverVerifiedAt: null, serverHtml, clientHtml };
+  }
+  if (serverHtml === null) {
+    throw new Error(
+      `serverVerifiedAt is set but serverHtml is missing for platform ${platform} — violates DB invariant (serverVerifiedAt IS NOT NULL → serverHtmlBlobId IS NOT NULL)`,
+    );
+  }
+  return { serverVerifiedAt, serverHtml, clientHtml };
+}
+
+function platformInputFields(postVersion: PostVersionForInputSnapshot): PlatformInputFields {
+  const platform = postVersion.post.platform;
+  switch (platform) {
+    case "LESSWRONG": {
+      const meta = postVersion.lesswrongVersionMeta;
+      return {
+        htmlSnapshots: htmlSnapshots(
+          postVersion.serverVerifiedAt,
+          meta?.serverHtmlBlob?.htmlContent ?? null,
+          meta?.clientHtmlBlob?.htmlContent ?? null,
+          platform,
+        ),
+        postPublishedAt: meta?.publishedAt ?? null,
+        hasVideo: false,
+      };
+    }
+    case "X": {
+      const meta = postVersion.xVersionMeta;
+      return {
+        htmlSnapshots: htmlSnapshots(postVersion.serverVerifiedAt, null, null, platform),
+        postPublishedAt: meta?.postedAt ?? null,
+        hasVideo: (meta?.mediaUrls ?? []).some(isLikelyVideoUrl),
+      };
+    }
+    case "SUBSTACK": {
+      const meta = postVersion.substackVersionMeta;
+      return {
+        htmlSnapshots: htmlSnapshots(
+          postVersion.serverVerifiedAt,
+          null,
+          meta?.clientHtmlBlob?.htmlContent ?? null,
+          platform,
+        ),
+        postPublishedAt: meta?.publishedAt ?? null,
+        hasVideo: false,
+      };
+    }
+    case "WIKIPEDIA": {
+      const meta = postVersion.wikipediaVersionMeta;
+      return {
+        htmlSnapshots: htmlSnapshots(
+          postVersion.serverVerifiedAt,
+          meta?.serverHtmlBlob?.htmlContent ?? null,
+          meta?.clientHtmlBlob?.htmlContent ?? null,
+          platform,
+        ),
+        postPublishedAt: meta?.lastModifiedAt ?? null,
+        hasVideo: false,
+      };
+    }
+    default:
+      return unreachablePlatform(platform);
+  }
+}
+
+/** Capture the input snapshot for a new investigation of `postVersionId`. */
+export async function buildInvestigationInputSnapshot(
+  db: DbClient,
+  postVersionId: string,
+): Promise<InvestigationInputSnapshot> {
+  const postVersion = await db.postVersion.findUnique({
+    where: { id: postVersionId },
+    select: postVersionForInputSnapshotSelect,
+  });
+  if (postVersion === null) {
+    throw new Error(`PostVersion ${postVersionId} not found`);
+  }
+
+  const { post } = postVersion;
+  const fields = platformInputFields(postVersion);
+  const markdown = resolveMarkdownForInvestigation({
+    platform: post.platform,
+    snapshots: fields.htmlSnapshots,
+    postUrl: post.url,
+  });
+
+  return {
+    provenance: postVersion.serverVerifiedAt === null ? "CLIENT_FALLBACK" : "SERVER_VERIFIED",
+    contentHash: postVersion.contentBlob.contentHash,
+    markdown:
+      markdown.source === "NONE"
+        ? { source: "NONE" }
+        : {
+            source: markdown.source,
+            markdown: markdown.markdown,
+            rendererVersion: markdown.rendererVersion,
+            imageSourceUrls: markdown.imageSourceUrls,
+          },
+    postUrl: post.url,
+    authorName: post.author?.displayName ?? null,
+    postPublishedAt: fields.postPublishedAt,
+    hasVideo: fields.hasVideo,
+  };
+}
+
+/** Row data for persisting `snapshot` as the input of `investigationId`. */
+export function investigationInputRow(
+  investigationId: string,
+  snapshot: InvestigationInputSnapshot,
+): Prisma.InvestigationInputUncheckedCreateInput {
+  return {
+    investigationId,
+    provenance: snapshot.provenance,
+    contentHash: snapshot.contentHash,
+    markdownSource: snapshot.markdown.source,
+    ...(snapshot.markdown.source === "NONE"
+      ? { imagePlaceholderSourceUrls: [] }
+      : {
+          markdown: snapshot.markdown.markdown,
+          markdownRendererVersion: snapshot.markdown.rendererVersion,
+          imagePlaceholderSourceUrls: snapshot.markdown.imageSourceUrls,
+        }),
+    postUrl: snapshot.postUrl,
+    authorName: snapshot.authorName,
+    postPublishedAt: snapshot.postPublishedAt,
+    hasVideo: snapshot.hasVideo,
+  };
+}
diff --git a/src/typescript/api/src/lib/services/investigation-lease.ts b/src/typescript/api/src/lib/services/investigation-lease.ts
index c25f32b..b248d25 100644
--- a/src/typescript/api/src/lib/services/investigation-lease.ts
+++ b/src/typescript/api/src/lib/services/investigation-lease.ts
@@ -1,7 +1,21 @@
-import { getPrisma } from "$lib/db/client";
+/**
+ * Investigation leases (SPEC §3.7).
+ *
+ * A worker runs an investigation only while it holds the InvestigationLease
+ * row; the database guarantees the row exists iff status = PROCESSING. This
+ * module owns every way into and out of that state that is not a run's own
+ * outcome: claiming (PENDING → PROCESSING), renewing via heartbeat (and
+ * noticing when the lease is gone), recovering expired leases, and releasing
+ * a run whose user key turned out to be unusable.
+ */
+
+import { getPrisma, type PrismaClient } from "$lib/db/client";
 import type { Prisma } from "$lib/db/prisma-client";
-import { investigationContextInclude } from "./prompt-context.js";
+import type { InvestigatorAttemptAudit } from "$lib/investigators/interface.js";
+import { persistAttemptAudit } from "./attempt-audit.js";
+import { unfundedInvestigationWhere } from "./investigation-admission.js";
 import { formatErrorForLog } from "./orchestrator-errors.js";
+import { consumeOpenAiKeySource } from "./user-key-source.js";
 
 export interface Logger {
   info(msg: string): void;
@@ -13,88 +27,54 @@ const LEASE_TTL_MS = 60_000;
 const HEARTBEAT_INTERVAL_MS = 15_000;
 
 /**
- * Maximum number of orchestration attempts before marking FAILED.
- * Each attempt is a full orchestration cycle (claim → investigate → persist).
- * Transient failures reclaim to PENDING and re-enqueue; this cap prevents
- * infinite retry loops.
+ * Attempt cap. A transient failure on attempt MAX_INVESTIGATION_ATTEMPTS (or
+ * later), or an expired lease after it, marks the investigation FAILED.
  */
 export const MAX_INVESTIGATION_ATTEMPTS = 4;
 
+/** Exponential backoff base for transient retries. */
+const BASE_BACKOFF_MS = 10_000;
+
 /**
- * Exponential backoff base for transient retries, in milliseconds.
- * Delay = BASE_BACKOFF_MS * 2^(attemptCount - 1), so:
- *   attempt 1 → 10s, attempt 2 → 20s, attempt 3 → 40s
+ * Delay before retrying after transient failure of attempt `attemptNumber`
+ * (1-indexed): 10s, 20s, 40s, ...
  */
-export const BASE_BACKOFF_MS = 10_000;
-
-const investigationWithContextInclude = {
-  ...investigationContextInclude,
-  input: true,
-  parentInvestigation: {
-    include: {
-      claims: {
-        include: {
-          sources: true,
-        },
-      },
-    },
-  },
-} satisfies Prisma.InvestigationInclude;
-
-type InvestigationWithContext = Prisma.InvestigationGetPayload<{
-  include: typeof investigationWithContextInclude;
-}>;
+export function retryBackoffMs(attemptNumber: number): number {
+  return BASE_BACKOFF_MS * 2 ** (attemptNumber - 1);
+}
 
-function nextLeaseExpiry(): Date {
-  return new Date(Date.now() + LEASE_TTL_MS);
+function nextLeaseExpiry(now: Date): Date {
+  return new Date(now.getTime() + LEASE_TTL_MS);
 }
 
 type LeaseClaimResult =
-  | { outcome: "CLAIMED"; attemptNumber: number }
+  | { outcome: "CLAIMED"; attemptNumber: number; leaseExpiresAt: Date }
+  /** The investigation row is gone (stale job). */
   | { outcome: "MISSING" }
+  /** COMPLETE or FAILED. */
   | { outcome: "TERMINAL" }
+  /** Another worker holds an unexpired lease. */
   | { outcome: "LEASE_HELD" }
-  | { outcome: "ATTEMPTS_EXHAUSTED" };
+  /** PENDING, but its user key was dropped and nobody has funded it since. */
+  | { outcome: "UNFUNDED" };
 
 /**
- * Atomically claim the investigation lease for this worker.
- *
- * The InvestigationLease table structurally enforces that PROCESSING
- * investigations always have a lease holder (the row's existence IS
- * the lease). This function handles two paths:
- *
- * Path 1 (PENDING → PROCESSING): transition investigation status,
- * increment attemptCount, and create a new lease row.
- *
- * Path 2 (stale PROCESSING): delete the expired lease row, increment
- * attemptCount, and create a fresh lease for this worker.
- *
- * Returns the attemptNumber (1-indexed) on CLAIMED so the orchestrator
- * can pass it to the audit trail.
- *
- * Note on retryAfter: this function intentionally does NOT check
- * Investigation.retryAfter before claiming. retryAfter is a selector gate
- * (prevents the cron from re-enqueueing too early) and a graphile-worker
- * scheduling hint (via enqueueInvestigation's runAt). Once a job actually
- * arrives at a worker — whether from the scheduled re-enqueue or from a
- * user-triggered investigateNow call — the worker may claim immediately.
- * This means investigateNow bypasses the backoff window, which is intentional:
- * an explicit user request should not be subject to the automatic retry delay.
+ * Claim a funded PENDING investigation: PENDING → PROCESSING, increment
+ * attemptCount, create the lease. Returns the new attempt number, or null if
+ * the investigation was not a funded PENDING investigation.
  */
-export async function tryClaimLease(
+async function claimFundedPending(
   investigationId: string,
   workerIdentity: string,
-): Promise<LeaseClaimResult> {
+): Promise<{ attemptNumber: number; leaseExpiresAt: Date } | null> {
   const now = new Date();
-  const prisma = getPrisma();
-
-  // Path 1: PENDING → PROCESSING
-  const claimedFromPending = await prisma.$transaction(async (tx) => {
+  const leaseExpiresAt = nextLeaseExpiry(now);
+  return getPrisma().$transaction(async (tx) => {
     const transitioned = await tx.investigation.updateMany({
       where: {
         id: investigationId,
         status: "PENDING",
-        attemptCount: { lt: MAX_INVESTIGATION_ATTEMPTS },
+        NOT: unfundedInvestigationWhere,
       },
       data: { status: "PROCESSING", attemptCount: { increment: 1 }, retryAfter: null },
     });
@@ -104,159 +84,280 @@ export async function tryClaimLease(
       data: {
         investigationId,
         leaseOwner: workerIdentity,
-        leaseExpiresAt: nextLeaseExpiry(),
+        leaseExpiresAt,
         startedAt: now,
         heartbeatAt: now,
       },
     });
 
-    const updated = await tx.investigation.findUnique({
+    const { attemptCount } = await tx.investigation.findUniqueOrThrow({
       where: { id: investigationId },
       select: { attemptCount: true },
     });
-    return updated?.attemptCount ?? null;
+    return { attemptNumber: attemptCount, leaseExpiresAt };
   });
+}
 
-  if (claimedFromPending !== null) {
-    return { outcome: "CLAIMED", attemptNumber: claimedFromPending };
-  }
+/**
+ * Atomically claim the investigation lease for this worker.
+ *
+ * Only funded PENDING investigations can be claimed. An expired lease left by
+ * a dead worker is recovered first (recoverExpiredLease) and the claim retried,
+ * so stale-lease handling has exactly one path.
+ *
+ * retryAfter is intentionally not checked: it is a selector gate and a queue
+ * scheduling hint (enqueueInvestigation's runAt). Once a job reaches a worker —
+ * from the scheduled retry or from an explicit investigateNow — it may claim
+ * immediately, so investigateNow bypasses the automatic retry delay.
+ */
+export async function tryClaimLease(
+  investigationId: string,
+  workerIdentity: string,
+): Promise<LeaseClaimResult> {
+  const prisma = getPrisma();
+  // Two passes: the second follows recovery of an expired lease, or a race in
+  // which the row changed between the claim attempt and the classification.
+  for (let pass = 0; pass < 2; pass += 1) {
+    const claimed = await claimFundedPending(investigationId, workerIdentity);
+    if (claimed !== null) {
+      return { outcome: "CLAIMED", ...claimed };
+    }
 
-  // Check if PENDING but attempts exhausted
-  const pendingExhausted = await prisma.investigation.findUnique({
-    where: { id: investigationId },
-    select: { status: true, attemptCount: true },
-  });
-  if (
-    pendingExhausted?.status === "PENDING" &&
-    pendingExhausted.attemptCount >= MAX_INVESTIGATION_ATTEMPTS
-  ) {
-    return { outcome: "ATTEMPTS_EXHAUSTED" };
+    const state = await prisma.investigation.findUnique({
+      where: { id: investigationId },
+      select: {
+        status: true,
+        origin: true,
+        openAiKeySource: { select: { investigationId: true } },
+        lease: { select: { leaseExpiresAt: true } },
+      },
+    });
+    if (state === null) {
+      return { outcome: "MISSING" };
+    }
+
+    switch (state.status) {
+      case "COMPLETE":
+      case "FAILED":
+        return { outcome: "TERMINAL" };
+      case "PENDING":
+        if (state.origin === "USER_KEY_REQUEST" && state.openAiKeySource === null) {
+          return { outcome: "UNFUNDED" };
+        }
+        continue;
+      case "PROCESSING":
+        if (state.lease === null) {
+          throw new Error(
+            `Investigation ${investigationId} is PROCESSING without a lease row, which the database forbids`,
+          );
+        }
+        if (state.lease.leaseExpiresAt.getTime() > Date.now()) {
+          return { outcome: "LEASE_HELD" };
+        }
+        await recoverExpiredLease(prisma, investigationId);
+        continue;
+    }
   }
 
-  // Path 2: Reclaim stale PROCESSING lease.
-  //
-  // IMPORTANT: when the deleteMany succeeds but the updateMany guard fails,
-  // we must throw (not return) to rollback the transaction. A bare `return null`
-  // would commit the lease deletion while leaving the investigation PROCESSING
-  // with no InvestigationLease row — a zombie state the selector perpetually
-  // re-selects but no worker can ever claim.
-  class StaleReclaimAborted extends Error {}
-  const reclaimedStale = await prisma
-    .$transaction(async (tx) => {
-      const deleted = await tx.investigationLease.deleteMany({
-        where: { investigationId, leaseExpiresAt: { lte: now } },
-      });
-      if (deleted.count === 0) return null;
+  throw new Error(
+    `Could not claim or classify investigation ${investigationId}: its state kept changing`,
+  );
+}
 
-      // Guard: only reclaim if still PROCESSING and under the attempt cap.
-      // Throws to rollback the lease deletion if the guard fails — prevents
-      // creating a PROCESSING investigation with no lease row.
-      const incremented = await tx.investigation.updateMany({
-        where: {
-          id: investigationId,
-          status: "PROCESSING",
-          attemptCount: { lt: MAX_INVESTIGATION_ATTEMPTS },
-        },
-        data: { attemptCount: { increment: 1 } },
-      });
-      if (incremented.count === 0) {
-        throw new StaleReclaimAborted("Guard failed; rolling back lease deletion");
-      }
+/**
+ * Recover an investigation whose lease expired (its worker died or stalled):
+ * delete the lease and return it to PENDING, or mark it FAILED when the lost
+ * attempt was the last one allowed. Returns false if there was no expired
+ * lease to recover. This is the only stale-lease recovery path; the worker,
+ * the selector and investigateNow all use it.
+ */
+export async function recoverExpiredLease(
+  prisma: PrismaClient,
+  investigationId: string,
+): Promise<boolean> {
+  return prisma.$transaction(async (tx) => {
+    const now = new Date();
+    const deleted = await tx.investigationLease.deleteMany({
+      where: { investigationId, leaseExpiresAt: { lte: now } },
+    });
+    if (deleted.count === 0) {
+      return false;
+    }
 
-      await tx.investigationLease.create({
-        data: {
-          investigationId,
-          leaseOwner: workerIdentity,
-          leaseExpiresAt: nextLeaseExpiry(),
-          startedAt: now,
-          heartbeatAt: now,
-        },
+    const { attemptCount } = await tx.investigation.findUniqueOrThrow({
+      where: { id: investigationId },
+      select: { attemptCount: true },
+    });
+    if (attemptCount >= MAX_INVESTIGATION_ATTEMPTS) {
+      await tx.investigation.update({
+        where: { id: investigationId },
+        data: { status: "FAILED" },
       });
-
-      const updated = await tx.investigation.findUnique({
+      await consumeOpenAiKeySource(tx, investigationId);
+    } else {
+      await tx.investigation.update({
         where: { id: investigationId },
-        select: { attemptCount: true },
+        data: { status: "PENDING", queuedAt: now },
       });
-      return updated?.attemptCount ?? null;
-    })
-    .catch((error: unknown) => {
-      if (error instanceof StaleReclaimAborted) return null;
-      throw error;
-    });
-
-  if (reclaimedStale !== null) {
-    return { outcome: "CLAIMED", attemptNumber: reclaimedStale };
-  }
-
-  // Fallback: determine why we couldn't claim
-  const investigation = await prisma.investigation.findUnique({
-    where: { id: investigationId },
-    select: { status: true, attemptCount: true },
-  });
-  const lease = await prisma.investigationLease.findUnique({
-    where: { investigationId },
-    select: { leaseExpiresAt: true },
+    }
+    return true;
   });
+}
 
-  if (!investigation) return { outcome: "MISSING" };
-  if (investigation.status === "COMPLETE" || investigation.status === "FAILED") {
-    return { outcome: "TERMINAL" };
-  }
-  if (investigation.status === "PROCESSING" && lease !== null && lease.leaseExpiresAt > now) {
-    return { outcome: "LEASE_HELD" };
+export class LeaseLostError extends Error {
+  constructor(investigationId: string, reason: string) {
+    super(`Lost the lease on investigation ${investigationId}: ${reason}`);
+    this.name = "LeaseLostError";
   }
-  // PROCESSING with exhausted attempts: stale reclaim was rolled back above.
-  // Signal the orchestrator to mark FAILED only when no active lease exists.
-  if (
-    investigation.status === "PROCESSING" &&
-    investigation.attemptCount >= MAX_INVESTIGATION_ATTEMPTS
-  ) {
-    return { outcome: "ATTEMPTS_EXHAUSTED" };
-  }
-  return { outcome: "LEASE_HELD" };
 }
 
-export async function loadClaimedInvestigation(
-  investigationId: string,
-): Promise<InvestigationWithContext | null> {
-  return getPrisma().investigation.findUnique({
-    where: { id: investigationId },
-    include: investigationWithContextInclude,
-  });
+interface LeaseHeartbeat {
+  /**
+   * Aborts (with a LeaseLostError reason) once this worker can no longer show
+   * it holds the lease: a renewal found no lease row owned by it, or renewals
+   * kept failing until the last confirmed expiry passed. Every write the run
+   * makes after this aborts would race the lease's new owner.
+   */
+  readonly leaseLostSignal: AbortSignal;
+  stop(): void;
 }
 
-export function startHeartbeat(
-  investigationId: string,
-  workerIdentity: string,
+/** Renew the lease every HEARTBEAT_INTERVAL_MS until stopped or lost. */
+export function startLeaseHeartbeat(
+  lease: { investigationId: string; workerIdentity: string; leaseExpiresAt: Date },
   logger: Logger,
-): { stop(): void } {
+): LeaseHeartbeat {
   const prisma = getPrisma();
-  const timer = setInterval(() => {
-    void prisma.investigationLease
-      .updateMany({
-        where: {
-          investigationId,
-          leaseOwner: workerIdentity,
-        },
-        data: {
-          leaseExpiresAt: nextLeaseExpiry(),
-          heartbeatAt: new Date(),
-        },
-      })
-      .catch((error: unknown) => {
-        logger.error(
-          `Investigation ${investigationId} heartbeat update failed: ${formatErrorForLog(error)}`,
-        );
+  const controller = new AbortController();
+  let confirmedExpiry = lease.leaseExpiresAt.getTime();
+  let timer: ReturnType<typeof setTimeout> | null = null;
+  let stopped = false;
+
+  function loseLease(reason: string): void {
+    controller.abort(new LeaseLostError(lease.investigationId, reason));
+  }
+
+  async function renew(): Promise<void> {
+    const now = new Date();
+    const renewedExpiry = nextLeaseExpiry(now);
+    try {
+      const renewed = await prisma.investigationLease.updateMany({
+        where: { investigationId: lease.investigationId, leaseOwner: lease.workerIdentity },
+        data: { leaseExpiresAt: renewedExpiry, heartbeatAt: now },
       });
-  }, HEARTBEAT_INTERVAL_MS);
+      if (renewed.count === 0) {
+        loseLease("the lease row is gone or owned by another worker");
+        return;
+      }
+      confirmedExpiry = renewedExpiry.getTime();
+    } catch (error) {
+      logger.error(
+        `Investigation ${lease.investigationId} heartbeat update failed: ${formatErrorForLog(error)}`,
+      );
+      if (Date.now() >= confirmedExpiry) {
+        loseLease("renewals failed until the lease expired");
+      }
+    }
+  }
 
-  if (typeof timer.unref === "function") {
+  function schedule(): void {
+    timer = setTimeout(() => {
+      void renew().then(() => {
+        if (!stopped && !controller.signal.aborted) schedule();
+      });
+    }, HEARTBEAT_INTERVAL_MS);
     timer.unref();
   }
+  schedule();
 
   return {
+    leaseLostSignal: controller.signal,
     stop() {
-      clearInterval(timer);
+      stopped = true;
+      if (timer !== null) clearTimeout(timer);
     },
   };
 }
+
+/**
+ * The user key funding this run is unusable (expired, undecryptable, or
+ * refused by OpenAI): drop it and return the investigation to PENDING without
+ * re-enqueueing. It is now unfunded; the selector or a new request can fund
+ * it. The failed attempt is still recorded. Returns false if this worker no
+ * longer holds the lease.
+ */
+export async function releaseLeaseDroppingUserKey(input: {
+  investigationId: string;
+  workerIdentity: string;
+  attemptNumber: number;
+  attemptAudit: InvestigatorAttemptAudit | null;
+}): Promise<boolean> {
+  return getPrisma().$transaction(async (tx) => {
+    const released = await tx.investigationLease.deleteMany({
+      where: { investigationId: input.investigationId, leaseOwner: input.workerIdentity },
+    });
+    if (released.count === 0) {
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    await tx.investigation.update({
+      where: { id: input.investigationId },
+      data: { status: "PENDING", queuedAt: new Date(), retryAfter: null },
+    });
+    await consumeOpenAiKeySource(tx, input.investigationId);
+    if (input.attemptAudit !== null) {
+      await persistAttemptAudit(tx, {
+        investigationId: input.investigationId,
+        attemptNumber: input.attemptNumber,
+        attemptAudit: input.attemptAudit,
+      });
+    }
+    return true;
+  });
+}
+
+const investigationForRunInclude = {
+  input: true,
+  postVersion: {
+    select: {
+      contentBlob: { select: { contentText: true } },
+      imageOccurrenceSet: {
+        select: {
+          occurrences: {
+            orderBy: [{ originalIndex: "asc" }],
+            select: {
+              originalIndex: true,
+              normalizedTextOffset: true,
+              sourceUrl: true,
+              captionText: true,
+            },
+          },
+        },
+      },
+      post: { select: { platform: true } },
+    },
+  },
+  parentInvestigation: {
+    include: {
+      claims: {
+        include: {
+          sources: true,
+        },
+      },
+    },
+  },
+} satisfies Prisma.InvestigationInclude;
+
+export type InvestigationForRun = Prisma.InvestigationGetPayload<{
+  include: typeof investigationForRunInclude;
+}>;
+
+/** Everything a claimed run needs: the input snapshot, version text and images, and parent claims. */
+export async function loadClaimedInvestigation(
+  investigationId: string,
+): Promise<InvestigationForRun | null> {
+  return getPrisma().investigation.findUnique({
+    where: { id: investigationId },
+    include: investigationForRunInclude,
+  });
+}
diff --git a/src/typescript/api/src/lib/services/investigation-lifecycle.ts b/src/typescript/api/src/lib/services/investigation-lifecycle.ts
deleted file mode 100644
index ea12e53..0000000
--- a/src/typescript/api/src/lib/services/investigation-lifecycle.ts
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,420 +0,0 @@
-import { isUniqueConstraintError } from "$lib/db/errors.js";
-import type { Investigation, Prisma, PrismaClient } from "$lib/db/prisma-client";
-import {
-  DEFAULT_INVESTIGATION_MODEL,
-  DEFAULT_INVESTIGATION_PROVIDER,
-  WORD_COUNT_LIMIT,
-} from "@openerrata/shared";
-import { resolveMarkdownForInvestigation } from "./markdown-resolution.js";
-import type { HtmlSnapshots } from "./prompt-context.js";
-import { enqueueInvestigation } from "./queue.js";
-import { randomUUID } from "node:crypto";
-
-export class InvestigationWordLimitError extends Error {
-  readonly limit: number;
-  readonly observedWordCount: number;
-
-  constructor(observedWordCount: number, limit: number) {
-    super(`Post exceeds word count limit (${limit.toString()} words)`);
-    this.name = "InvestigationWordLimitError";
-    this.observedWordCount = observedWordCount;
-    this.limit = limit;
-  }
-}
-
-export function wordCount(text: string): number {
-  return text.split(/\s+/).filter(Boolean).length;
-}
-
-async function findInvestigation(
-  prisma: PrismaClient,
-  postVersionId: string,
-): Promise<Investigation | null> {
-  return prisma.investigation.findUnique({
-    where: {
-      postVersionId,
-    },
-  });
-}
-
-async function loadPostVersionWordCount(
-  prisma: PrismaClient,
-  postVersionId: string,
-): Promise<number> {
-  const postVersion = await prisma.postVersion.findUnique({
-    where: { id: postVersionId },
-    select: {
-      contentBlob: {
-        select: {
-          wordCount: true,
-        },
-      },
-    },
-  });
-
-  if (postVersion === null) {
-    throw new Error(`PostVersion ${postVersionId} not found`);
-  }
-
-  return postVersion.contentBlob.wordCount;
-}
-
-const postVersionForInputSnapshotSelect = {
-  post: {
-    select: {
-      platform: true,
-    },
-  },
-  serverVerifiedAt: true,
-  contentBlob: {
-    select: {
-      contentHash: true,
-    },
-  },
-  lesswrongVersionMeta: {
-    select: {
-      serverHtmlBlob: { select: { htmlContent: true } },
-      clientHtmlBlob: { select: { htmlContent: true } },
-    },
-  },
-  substackVersionMeta: {
-    select: {
-      serverHtmlBlob: { select: { htmlContent: true } },
-      clientHtmlBlob: { select: { htmlContent: true } },
-    },
-  },
-  wikipediaVersionMeta: {
-    select: {
-      serverHtmlBlob: { select: { htmlContent: true } },
-      clientHtmlBlob: { select: { htmlContent: true } },
-    },
-  },
-} satisfies Prisma.PostVersionSelect;
-
-type PostVersionForInputSnapshot = Prisma.PostVersionGetPayload<{
-  select: typeof postVersionForInputSnapshotSelect;
-}>;
-
-type InvestigationInputSnapshot =
-  | {
-      provenance: "SERVER_VERIFIED" | "CLIENT_FALLBACK";
-      contentHash: string;
-      markdownSource: "NONE";
-    }
-  | {
-      provenance: "SERVER_VERIFIED" | "CLIENT_FALLBACK";
-      contentHash: string;
-      markdownSource: "SERVER_HTML" | "CLIENT_HTML";
-      markdown: string;
-      markdownRendererVersion: string;
-    };
-
-function unreachablePlatform(platform: never): never {
-  throw new Error(`Unsupported post platform: ${String(platform)}`);
-}
-
-function resolveHtmlSnapshotsFromPostVersion(
-  postVersion: PostVersionForInputSnapshot,
-): HtmlSnapshots {
-  const platform = postVersion.post.platform;
-  let serverHtml: string | null;
-  let clientHtml: string | null;
-  switch (platform) {
-    case "LESSWRONG":
-      serverHtml = postVersion.lesswrongVersionMeta?.serverHtmlBlob?.htmlContent ?? null;
-      clientHtml = postVersion.lesswrongVersionMeta?.clientHtmlBlob?.htmlContent ?? null;
-      break;
-    case "SUBSTACK":
-      serverHtml = postVersion.substackVersionMeta?.serverHtmlBlob?.htmlContent ?? null;
-      clientHtml = postVersion.substackVersionMeta?.clientHtmlBlob?.htmlContent ?? null;
-      break;
-    case "WIKIPEDIA":
-      serverHtml = postVersion.wikipediaVersionMeta?.serverHtmlBlob?.htmlContent ?? null;
-      clientHtml = postVersion.wikipediaVersionMeta?.clientHtmlBlob?.htmlContent ?? null;
-      break;
-    case "X":
-      serverHtml = null;
-      clientHtml = null;
-      break;
-    default:
-      return unreachablePlatform(platform);
-  }
-
-  if (postVersion.serverVerifiedAt !== null) {
-    if (serverHtml === null) {
-      throw new Error(
-        `serverVerifiedAt is set but serverHtml is missing for platform ${platform} — violates DB invariant (serverVerifiedAt IS NOT NULL → serverHtmlBlobId IS NOT NULL)`,
-      );
-    }
-    return { serverVerifiedAt: postVersion.serverVerifiedAt, serverHtml, clientHtml };
-  }
-  return { serverVerifiedAt: null, serverHtml, clientHtml };
-}
-
-async function loadInvestigationInputSnapshot(
-  prisma: PrismaClient,
-  postVersionId: string,
-): Promise<InvestigationInputSnapshot> {
-  const postVersion = await prisma.postVersion.findUnique({
-    where: { id: postVersionId },
-    select: postVersionForInputSnapshotSelect,
-  });
-  if (postVersion === null) {
-    throw new Error(`PostVersion ${postVersionId} not found`);
-  }
-
-  const htmlSnapshots = resolveHtmlSnapshotsFromPostVersion(postVersion);
-  const markdownResolution = resolveMarkdownForInvestigation({
-    platform: postVersion.post.platform,
-    snapshots: htmlSnapshots,
-  });
-  const provenance =
-    htmlSnapshots.serverVerifiedAt !== null
-      ? ("SERVER_VERIFIED" as const)
-      : ("CLIENT_FALLBACK" as const);
-
-  if (markdownResolution.source === "NONE") {
-    return {
-      provenance,
-      contentHash: postVersion.contentBlob.contentHash,
-      markdownSource: "NONE",
-    };
-  }
-
-  return {
-    provenance,
-    contentHash: postVersion.contentBlob.contentHash,
-    markdownSource: markdownResolution.source,
-    markdown: markdownResolution.markdown,
-    markdownRendererVersion: markdownResolution.rendererVersion,
-  };
-}
-
-async function createInvestigation(
-  prisma: PrismaClient,
-  input: {
-    postVersionId: string;
-    promptId: string;
-    snapshot: InvestigationInputSnapshot;
-    parentInvestigationId?: string;
-    contentDiff?: string;
-  },
-): Promise<Investigation> {
-  const investigationId = randomUUID();
-  const now = new Date();
-  return prisma.$transaction(async (tx) => {
-    await tx.investigationInput.create({
-      data: {
-        investigationId,
-        provenance: input.snapshot.provenance,
-        contentHash: input.snapshot.contentHash,
-        markdownSource: input.snapshot.markdownSource,
-        ...(input.snapshot.markdownSource === "NONE"
-          ? {}
-          : {
-              markdown: input.snapshot.markdown,
-              markdownRendererVersion: input.snapshot.markdownRendererVersion,
-            }),
-      },
-    });
-
-    return tx.investigation.create({
-      data: {
-        id: investigationId,
-        inputId: investigationId,
-        postVersionId: input.postVersionId,
-        status: "PENDING",
-        parentInvestigationId: input.parentInvestigationId ?? null,
-        contentDiff: input.contentDiff ?? null,
-        promptId: input.promptId,
-        provider: DEFAULT_INVESTIGATION_PROVIDER,
-        model: DEFAULT_INVESTIGATION_MODEL,
-        queuedAt: now,
-      },
-    });
-  });
-}
-
-/**
- * Recover a stale PROCESSING investigation whose lease has expired.
- * Deletes the expired InvestigationLease row and transitions
- * PROCESSING → PENDING.
- */
-async function tryRecoverExpiredProcessingInvestigation(
-  prisma: PrismaClient,
-  investigationId: string,
-): Promise<Investigation | null> {
-  const now = new Date();
-
-  return prisma.$transaction(async (tx) => {
-    // Try to delete an expired lease row.
-    const deleted = await tx.investigationLease.deleteMany({
-      where: { investigationId, leaseExpiresAt: { lte: now } },
-    });
-
-    if (deleted.count === 0) {
-      // No expired lease was deleted. Check whether a non-expired lease exists.
-      const activeLease = await tx.investigationLease.findUnique({
-        where: { investigationId },
-        select: { investigationId: true },
-      });
-      if (activeLease) return null; // Active lease, can't recover
-
-      const investigationStatus = await tx.investigation.findUnique({
-        where: { id: investigationId },
-        select: { status: true },
-      });
-      if (!investigationStatus) return null;
-      if (investigationStatus.status !== "PROCESSING") {
-        // Another concurrent caller likely recovered/transitioned this row
-        // between our candidate selection and recovery attempt.
-        return null;
-      }
-
-      // PROCESSING with no lease row at all is an invariant violation:
-      // the InvestigationLease row's existence IS the PROCESSING state.
-      // The migration cleans these up, so hitting this in production
-      // indicates a bug in lease lifecycle management.
-      throw new Error(
-        `Invariant violation: PROCESSING investigation ${investigationId} has no InvestigationLease row. ` +
-          `This state should not be reachable — lease row existence is required for PROCESSING status.`,
-      );
-    }
-
-    // Expired lease deleted — transition PROCESSING → PENDING
-    const recovered = await tx.investigation.updateMany({
-      where: { id: investigationId, status: "PROCESSING" },
-      data: { status: "PENDING", queuedAt: now },
-    });
-
-    if (recovered.count === 0) return null;
-
-    const investigation = await tx.investigation.findUnique({
-      where: { id: investigationId },
-    });
-
-    if (!investigation) {
-      throw new Error(
-        `Missing investigation during stale-run recovery (investigationId=${investigationId})`,
-      );
-    }
-
-    return investigation;
-  });
-}
-
-interface EnsureInvestigationInput {
-  prisma: PrismaClient;
-  postVersionId: string;
-  promptId: string;
-  parentInvestigationId?: string;
-  contentDiff?: string;
-  rejectOverWordLimitOnCreate?: boolean;
-  allowRequeueFailed?: boolean;
-  enqueue?: boolean;
-  onPendingInvestigation?: (input: {
-    prisma: PrismaClient;
-    investigation: Investigation;
-  }) => Promise<void>;
-}
-
-async function ensureInvestigationRecord(input: EnsureInvestigationInput): Promise<{
-  investigation: Investigation;
-  created: boolean;
-}> {
-  const rejectOverWordLimitOnCreate = input.rejectOverWordLimitOnCreate ?? true;
-  const allowRequeueFailed = input.allowRequeueFailed ?? false;
-
-  let investigation = await findInvestigation(input.prisma, input.postVersionId);
-  let created = false;
-
-  if (!investigation) {
-    if (rejectOverWordLimitOnCreate) {
-      const observedWordCount = await loadPostVersionWordCount(input.prisma, input.postVersionId);
-      if (observedWordCount > WORD_COUNT_LIMIT) {
-        throw new InvestigationWordLimitError(observedWordCount, WORD_COUNT_LIMIT);
-      }
-    }
-
-    try {
-      const snapshot = await loadInvestigationInputSnapshot(input.prisma, input.postVersionId);
-      const createInput: Parameters<typeof createInvestigation>[1] = {
-        postVersionId: input.postVersionId,
-        promptId: input.promptId,
-        snapshot,
-      };
-      if (input.parentInvestigationId !== undefined) {
-        createInput.parentInvestigationId = input.parentInvestigationId;
-      }
-      if (input.contentDiff !== undefined) {
-        createInput.contentDiff = input.contentDiff;
-      }
-      investigation = await createInvestigation(input.prisma, createInput);
-      created = true;
-    } catch (error) {
-      if (!isUniqueConstraintError(error)) throw error;
-      investigation = await findInvestigation(input.prisma, input.postVersionId);
-      if (!investigation) throw error;
-    }
-  }
-
-  if (allowRequeueFailed && investigation.status === "FAILED") {
-    const failedInvestigation = investigation; // capture narrow type for async callback
-    investigation = await input.prisma.$transaction(async (tx) => {
-      // Defensive cleanup for any leftover lease row from prior failures.
-      await tx.investigationLease.deleteMany({
-        where: { investigationId: failedInvestigation.id },
-      });
-
-      return tx.investigation.update({
-        where: { id: failedInvestigation.id },
-        data: {
-          parentInvestigationId: input.parentInvestigationId ?? null,
-          contentDiff: input.contentDiff ?? null,
-          status: "PENDING",
-          checkedAt: null,
-          queuedAt: new Date(),
-          attemptCount: 0,
-          retryAfter: null,
-        },
-      });
-    });
-  }
-
-  return { investigation, created };
-}
-
-export async function ensureInvestigationQueued(input: EnsureInvestigationInput): Promise<{
-  investigation: Investigation;
-  created: boolean;
-  enqueued: boolean;
-}> {
-  const { investigation: initialInvestigation, created } = await ensureInvestigationRecord(input);
-  let investigation = initialInvestigation;
-
-  // Recover stale PROCESSING investigations with expired leases
-  if (investigation.status === "PROCESSING") {
-    const recovered = await tryRecoverExpiredProcessingInvestigation(
-      input.prisma,
-      investigation.id,
-    );
-    if (recovered) {
-      investigation = recovered;
-    }
-  }
-
-  const shouldEnqueue = input.enqueue ?? true;
-  let enqueued = false;
-  if (shouldEnqueue && investigation.status === "PENDING") {
-    if (input.onPendingInvestigation) {
-      await input.onPendingInvestigation({
-        prisma: input.prisma,
-        investigation,
-      });
-    }
-    await enqueueInvestigation(investigation.id);
-    enqueued = true;
-  }
-
-  return { investigation, created, enqueued };
-}
diff --git a/src/typescript/api/src/lib/services/markdown-resolution.ts b/src/typescript/api/src/lib/services/markdown-resolution.ts
index 02354da..b07097b 100644
--- a/src/typescript/api/src/lib/services/markdown-resolution.ts
+++ b/src/typescript/api/src/lib/services/markdown-resolution.ts
@@ -12,8 +12,6 @@
  */
 
 import type { Platform } from "@openerrata/shared";
-import type { ImagePlaceholder } from "$lib/investigators/interface.js";
-import type { HtmlSnapshots } from "./prompt-context.js";
 import {
   lesswrongHtmlToContentMarkdown,
   substackHtmlToContentMarkdown,
@@ -21,18 +19,24 @@ import {
   MARKDOWN_RENDERER_VERSION,
 } from "./html-to-markdown.js";
 
+/**
+ * Source-scoped HTML snapshots with the serverVerifiedAt latch bundled in.
+ *
+ * The discriminated union encodes the DB invariant:
+ *   serverVerifiedAt IS NOT NULL → serverHtmlBlobId IS NOT NULL
+ * When server-verified, serverHtml is guaranteed non-null at the type level.
+ */
+export type HtmlSnapshots =
+  | { serverVerifiedAt: Date; serverHtml: string; clientHtml: string | null }
+  | { serverVerifiedAt: null; serverHtml: string | null; clientHtml: string | null };
+
 type MarkdownResolution =
   | {
-      source: "SERVER_HTML";
+      source: "SERVER_HTML" | "CLIENT_HTML";
       markdown: string;
       rendererVersion: string;
-      imagePlaceholders: ImagePlaceholder[];
-    }
-  | {
-      source: "CLIENT_HTML";
-      markdown: string;
-      rendererVersion: string;
-      imagePlaceholders: ImagePlaceholder[];
+      /** Source URL of the image behind `[IMAGE:N]`, indexed by N. */
+      imageSourceUrls: string[];
     }
   | { source: "NONE" };
 
@@ -44,34 +48,27 @@ type MarkdownResolution =
  * - serverVerifiedAt non-null branch → serverHtml: string guaranteed by type
  * - serverVerifiedAt null + clientHtml non-null → CLIENT_HTML
  * - otherwise → NONE (X posts, or versions without HTML snapshots)
+ *
+ * `postUrl` is the base for resolving relative image sources.
  */
 export function resolveMarkdownForInvestigation(input: {
   platform: Platform;
   snapshots: HtmlSnapshots;
+  postUrl: string;
 }): MarkdownResolution {
   if (input.snapshots.serverVerifiedAt !== null) {
-    const { markdown, imagePlaceholders } = platformMarkdown(
-      input.platform,
-      input.snapshots.serverHtml,
-    );
     return {
       source: "SERVER_HTML",
-      markdown,
       rendererVersion: MARKDOWN_RENDERER_VERSION,
-      imagePlaceholders,
+      ...platformMarkdown(input.platform, input.snapshots.serverHtml, input.postUrl),
     };
   }
 
   if (input.snapshots.clientHtml !== null) {
-    const { markdown, imagePlaceholders } = platformMarkdown(
-      input.platform,
-      input.snapshots.clientHtml,
-    );
     return {
       source: "CLIENT_HTML",
-      markdown,
       rendererVersion: MARKDOWN_RENDERER_VERSION,
-      imagePlaceholders,
+      ...platformMarkdown(input.platform, input.snapshots.clientHtml, input.postUrl),
     };
   }
 
@@ -81,40 +78,18 @@ export function resolveMarkdownForInvestigation(input: {
 function platformMarkdown(
   platform: Platform,
   html: string,
-): { markdown: string; imagePlaceholders: ImagePlaceholder[] } {
+  postUrl: string,
+): { markdown: string; imageSourceUrls: string[] } {
   switch (platform) {
     case "LESSWRONG":
-      return lesswrongHtmlToContentMarkdown(html);
+      return lesswrongHtmlToContentMarkdown(html, postUrl);
     case "SUBSTACK":
-      return substackHtmlToContentMarkdown(html);
+      return substackHtmlToContentMarkdown(html, postUrl);
     case "WIKIPEDIA":
-      return wikipediaHtmlToContentMarkdown(html);
+      return wikipediaHtmlToContentMarkdown(html, postUrl);
     case "X":
       // X has no HTML; resolveMarkdownForInvestigation returns NONE before
       // reaching here. If this fires, the caller has a bug.
       throw new Error("platformMarkdown called for X, which has no HTML content");
   }
 }
-
-/**
- * Extract image placeholders from stored markdown by parsing `[IMAGE:N]` patterns.
- *
- * Used on retry to reconstruct placeholders from the InvestigationInput snapshot
- * without re-resolving from HTML.
- */
-export function extractImagePlaceholdersFromMarkdown(markdown: string): ImagePlaceholder[] {
-  const placeholders: ImagePlaceholder[] = [];
-  const pattern = /\[IMAGE:(\d+)\]/g;
-  let match: RegExpExecArray | null;
-
-  while ((match = pattern.exec(markdown)) !== null) {
-    placeholders.push({
-      index: parseInt(match[1] ?? "0", 10),
-      // sourceUrl is not recoverable from markdown alone; retries must match
-      // placeholders to image occurrences by originalIndex.
-      matchBy: "ORIGINAL_INDEX",
-    });
-  }
-
-  return placeholders;
-}
diff --git a/src/typescript/api/src/lib/services/openai-key-validation-core.ts b/src/typescript/api/src/lib/services/openai-key-validation-core.ts
index 5e2ed51..096bd8c 100644
--- a/src/typescript/api/src/lib/services/openai-key-validation-core.ts
+++ b/src/typescript/api/src/lib/services/openai-key-validation-core.ts
@@ -1,25 +1,66 @@
+import OpenAI from "openai";
 import { openaiApiKeyFormatSchema } from "@openerrata/shared";
-import {
-  classifyOpenAiKeyValidationStatus,
-  readOpenAiStatusCode,
-  type OpenAiKeyValidationStatusOutcome,
-} from "$lib/openai/errors.js";
+import { INVESTIGATION_REQUEST_CONFIG } from "$lib/investigators/openai-request-config.js";
+import { probeInvestigationRequest } from "$lib/investigators/openai-probe.js";
 
-export type { OpenAiKeyValidationStatusOutcome };
-
-type ValidateOpenAiKeyReachability = (openAiApiKey: string) => Promise<void>;
-
-function isAbortError(error: unknown): boolean {
-  return error instanceof Error && error.name === "AbortError";
-}
+export type OpenAiKeyValidationStatusOutcome =
+  | { openaiApiKeyStatus: "missing" }
+  | { openaiApiKeyStatus: "valid" }
+  | {
+      openaiApiKeyStatus: "format_invalid";
+      openaiApiKeyMessage: string;
+    }
+  | {
+      openaiApiKeyStatus: "authenticated_restricted";
+      openaiApiKeyMessage: string;
+    }
+  | {
+      openaiApiKeyStatus: "invalid";
+      openaiApiKeyMessage: string;
+    }
+  | {
+      openaiApiKeyStatus: "error";
+      openaiApiKeyMessage: string;
+    };
 
-function readErrorMessage(error: unknown): string | null {
-  return error instanceof Error && error.message.trim().length > 0 ? error.message.trim() : null;
+function describeProbeFailure(error: unknown): OpenAiKeyValidationStatusOutcome {
+  if (error instanceof OpenAI.AuthenticationError) {
+    return { openaiApiKeyStatus: "invalid", openaiApiKeyMessage: "OpenAI rejected this API key." };
+  }
+  if (error instanceof OpenAI.PermissionDeniedError) {
+    return {
+      openaiApiKeyStatus: "authenticated_restricted",
+      openaiApiKeyMessage:
+        "OpenAI authenticated this key, but access is restricted for validation checks.",
+    };
+  }
+  if (error instanceof OpenAI.APIConnectionTimeoutError) {
+    return {
+      openaiApiKeyStatus: "error",
+      openaiApiKeyMessage:
+        "OpenAI key validation timed out. Confirm outbound network access and retry.",
+    };
+  }
+  // Anything else (no model access, rejected request shape, rate limit,
+  // network failure) is reported with the provider's own explanation.
+  const message = error instanceof Error ? error.message.trim() : "";
+  return {
+    openaiApiKeyStatus: "error",
+    openaiApiKeyMessage:
+      message.length > 0
+        ? message
+        : "Could not validate this key with OpenAI. Check outbound network access and retry.",
+  };
 }
 
-export async function validateOpenAiApiKeyForSettingsWithReachability(
+/**
+ * Settings-page key check: the key must be able to make the investigation
+ * request itself (same probe the worker runs at startup), so a key without
+ * access to the investigation model is not reported as valid.
+ */
+export async function validateOpenAiApiKeyForSettingsWithClient(
   openaiApiKey: string | null,
-  validateOpenAiApiKeyReachability: ValidateOpenAiKeyReachability,
+  createClient: (apiKey: string) => OpenAI,
 ): Promise<OpenAiKeyValidationStatusOutcome> {
   const normalizedOpenAiApiKey = openaiApiKey?.trim() ?? "";
   if (normalizedOpenAiApiKey.length === 0) {
@@ -35,27 +76,12 @@ export async function validateOpenAiApiKeyForSettingsWithReachability(
   }
 
   try {
-    await validateOpenAiApiKeyReachability(normalizedOpenAiApiKey);
+    await probeInvestigationRequest(
+      createClient(normalizedOpenAiApiKey),
+      INVESTIGATION_REQUEST_CONFIG,
+    );
     return { openaiApiKeyStatus: "valid" };
   } catch (error) {
-    if (isAbortError(error)) {
-      return {
-        openaiApiKeyStatus: "error",
-        openaiApiKeyMessage:
-          "OpenAI key validation timed out. Confirm outbound network access and retry.",
-      };
-    }
-
-    const statusOutcome = classifyOpenAiKeyValidationStatus(readOpenAiStatusCode(error));
-    if (statusOutcome) {
-      return statusOutcome;
-    }
-
-    return {
-      openaiApiKeyStatus: "error",
-      openaiApiKeyMessage:
-        readErrorMessage(error) ??
-        "Could not validate this key with OpenAI. Check outbound network access and retry.",
-    };
+    return describeProbeFailure(error);
   }
 }
diff --git a/src/typescript/api/src/lib/services/openai-key-validation.ts b/src/typescript/api/src/lib/services/openai-key-validation.ts
index afbfda5..ac56981 100644
--- a/src/typescript/api/src/lib/services/openai-key-validation.ts
+++ b/src/typescript/api/src/lib/services/openai-key-validation.ts
@@ -1,29 +1,17 @@
 import { OPENAI_KEY_VALIDATION_TIMEOUT_MS } from "@openerrata/shared";
 import OpenAI from "openai";
 import {
-  validateOpenAiApiKeyForSettingsWithReachability,
+  validateOpenAiApiKeyForSettingsWithClient,
   type OpenAiKeyValidationStatusOutcome,
 } from "./openai-key-validation-core.js";
 
-async function validateOpenAiApiKeyReachability(openAiApiKey: string): Promise<void> {
-  const client = new OpenAI({ apiKey: openAiApiKey });
-  const abortController = new AbortController();
-  const timeoutId = setTimeout(() => {
-    abortController.abort();
-  }, OPENAI_KEY_VALIDATION_TIMEOUT_MS);
-
-  try {
-    await client.models.list({ signal: abortController.signal });
-  } finally {
-    clearTimeout(timeoutId);
-  }
-}
-
 export async function validateOpenAiApiKeyForSettings(
   openaiApiKey: string | null,
 ): Promise<OpenAiKeyValidationStatusOutcome> {
-  return validateOpenAiApiKeyForSettingsWithReachability(
+  return validateOpenAiApiKeyForSettingsWithClient(
     openaiApiKey,
-    validateOpenAiApiKeyReachability,
+    // One bounded try: SDK retries would stack further timeouts behind a
+    // settings request the user is waiting on.
+    (apiKey) => new OpenAI({ apiKey, timeout: OPENAI_KEY_VALIDATION_TIMEOUT_MS, maxRetries: 0 }),
   );
 }
diff --git a/src/typescript/api/src/lib/services/orchestrator-errors.ts b/src/typescript/api/src/lib/services/orchestrator-errors.ts
index 3e9c432..953a4f3 100644
--- a/src/typescript/api/src/lib/services/orchestrator-errors.ts
+++ b/src/typescript/api/src/lib/services/orchestrator-errors.ts
@@ -1,11 +1,17 @@
 import { ZodError } from "zod";
-import { isNonRetryableOpenAiStatusCode, readOpenAiStatusCode } from "$lib/openai/errors.js";
+import { readOpenAiStatusCode } from "$lib/openai/errors.js";
 import {
   InvestigatorExecutionError,
+  InvestigatorIncompleteResponseError,
+  InvestigatorInputError,
   InvestigatorStructuredOutputError,
-} from "$lib/investigators/openai.js";
+} from "$lib/investigators/errors.js";
 import { ExpiredOpenAiKeySourceError, InvalidOpenAiKeySourceError } from "./user-key-source.js";
 
+// Provider statuses that a retry of the same request cannot fix (SPEC §3.7):
+// malformed request, auth, missing model/resource, unprocessable input.
+const NON_RETRYABLE_OPENAI_STATUS_CODES = new Set([400, 401, 403, 404, 422]);
+
 type UnwrappedError = Error | Record<string, unknown> | string;
 
 export function unwrapError(error: unknown): UnwrappedError {
@@ -20,9 +26,7 @@ export function unwrapError(error: unknown): UnwrappedError {
 }
 
 export function getErrorStatus(error: unknown): number | null {
-  const root = unwrapError(error);
-  if (typeof root === "string") return null;
-  return readOpenAiStatusCode(root);
+  return readOpenAiStatusCode(unwrapError(error));
 }
 
 export function formatErrorForLog(error: unknown): string {
@@ -34,9 +38,13 @@ export function formatErrorForLog(error: unknown): string {
   if (typeof root === "string") {
     return root;
   }
-  return status === null ? "unknown object error" : `status=${status}`;
+  return "unknown object error";
 }
 
+/**
+ * NON_RETRYABLE and PARTIAL failures of SPEC §3.7: the investigation is marked
+ * FAILED immediately. Everything else is TRANSIENT and retried with backoff.
+ */
 export function isNonRetryableProviderError(error: unknown): boolean {
   const root = unwrapError(error);
   if (root instanceof ExpiredOpenAiKeySourceError) return true;
@@ -44,7 +52,9 @@ export function isNonRetryableProviderError(error: unknown): boolean {
   if (root instanceof SyntaxError) return true;
   if (root instanceof ZodError) return true;
   if (root instanceof InvestigatorStructuredOutputError) return true;
+  if (root instanceof InvestigatorIncompleteResponseError) return true;
+  if (root instanceof InvestigatorInputError) return true;
 
   const status = getErrorStatus(root);
-  return isNonRetryableOpenAiStatusCode(status);
+  return status !== null && NON_RETRYABLE_OPENAI_STATUS_CODES.has(status);
 }
diff --git a/src/typescript/api/src/lib/services/orchestrator.ts b/src/typescript/api/src/lib/services/orchestrator.ts
index f82d29b..dda2515 100644
--- a/src/typescript/api/src/lib/services/orchestrator.ts
+++ b/src/typescript/api/src/lib/services/orchestrator.ts
@@ -2,12 +2,21 @@ import { getPrisma } from "$lib/db/client";
 import { requireOpenAiApiKey } from "$lib/config/env.js";
 import { isRecordNotFoundError } from "$lib/db/errors.js";
 import { downloadAndStoreImages, type ResolvedDownloadedImage } from "./image-downloader.js";
-import { consumeOpenAiKeySource, resolveInvestigationKey } from "./user-key-source.js";
-import { InvestigatorExecutionError, OpenAIInvestigator } from "$lib/investigators/openai.js";
+import {
+  consumeOpenAiKeySource,
+  ExpiredOpenAiKeySourceError,
+  InvalidOpenAiKeySourceError,
+  resolveInvestigationKey,
+  type InvestigationKeyResolution,
+} from "./user-key-source.js";
+import { InvestigatorExecutionError } from "$lib/investigators/errors.js";
 import type {
+  ImagePlaceholder,
   InvestigationProgressCallbacks,
-  InvestigatorAttemptAudit,
+  InvestigatorFactory,
   InvestigatorImageOccurrence,
+  InvestigatorInput,
+  InvestigatorSucceededAttemptAudit,
 } from "$lib/investigators/interface.js";
 import {
   claimIdSchema,
@@ -16,16 +25,21 @@ import {
   type SupportedImageMimeType,
 } from "@openerrata/shared";
 import type { ImageBlob, Prisma } from "$lib/db/prisma-client";
-import { createHash } from "node:crypto";
 
-import { formatErrorForLog, isNonRetryableProviderError } from "./orchestrator-errors.js";
-import { toPromptPostContext, type PromptImageOccurrence } from "./prompt-context.js";
+import {
+  formatErrorForLog,
+  getErrorStatus,
+  isNonRetryableProviderError,
+} from "./orchestrator-errors.js";
 import {
   tryClaimLease,
   loadClaimedInvestigation,
-  startHeartbeat,
+  startLeaseHeartbeat,
+  releaseLeaseDroppingUserKey,
+  retryBackoffMs,
+  LeaseLostError,
   MAX_INVESTIGATION_ATTEMPTS,
-  BASE_BACKOFF_MS,
+  type InvestigationForRun,
   type Logger,
 } from "./investigation-lease.js";
 import {
@@ -33,31 +47,55 @@ import {
   persistFailedAttemptAndMarkInvestigationFailed,
   persistFailedAttemptAndReleaseLease,
 } from "./attempt-audit.js";
-import { extractImagePlaceholdersFromMarkdown } from "./markdown-resolution.js";
 import { enqueueInvestigation } from "./queue.js";
 
-let serverInvestigator: OpenAIInvestigator | null = null;
-
-function getServerInvestigator(): OpenAIInvestigator {
-  if (serverInvestigator) {
-    return serverInvestigator;
+/**
+ * OpenAI statuses that say "this user key cannot pay for this run" rather than
+ * anything about the post: rejected (401), not permitted or no model access
+ * (403, 404), rate-limited or out of quota (429). Retrying on the same key
+ * cannot help, and letting such failures exhaust attempts or mark the
+ * investigation FAILED would let a bad key block a post from ever being
+ * checked — so the key is dropped instead.
+ */
+const USER_KEY_ATTRIBUTABLE_STATUS_CODES: ReadonlySet<number> = new Set([401, 403, 404, 429]);
+
+/** Whether `error`, raised while running on `keyType`, means the user key is unusable. */
+function isUserKeyFailure(
+  error: unknown,
+  keyType: InvestigationKeyResolution["type"] | null,
+): boolean {
+  if (
+    error instanceof ExpiredOpenAiKeySourceError ||
+    error instanceof InvalidOpenAiKeySourceError
+  ) {
+    return true;
   }
-
-  serverInvestigator = new OpenAIInvestigator(requireOpenAiApiKey());
-  return serverInvestigator;
-}
-
-function hashSnapshotText(snapshotText: string): string {
-  return createHash("sha256").update(snapshotText).digest("hex");
+  if (keyType !== "USER_OPENAI_KEY") {
+    return false;
+  }
+  const status = getErrorStatus(error);
+  return status !== null && USER_KEY_ATTRIBUTABLE_STATUS_CODES.has(status);
 }
 
+/** Replace the investigation's image set, provided this worker still holds the lease. */
 async function replaceInvestigationImages(
-  investigationId: string,
+  lease: { investigationId: string; workerIdentity: string; leaseLostSignal: AbortSignal },
   imageBlobs: ImageBlob[],
 ): Promise<void> {
+  const { investigationId } = lease;
   const uniqueBlobs = [...new Map(imageBlobs.map((b) => [b.id, b])).values()];
 
+  lease.leaseLostSignal.throwIfAborted();
   await getPrisma().$transaction(async (tx) => {
+    // Lock and verify our lease row so a reclaimed run cannot clobber images.
+    const held = await tx.investigationLease.updateMany({
+      where: { investigationId, leaseOwner: lease.workerIdentity },
+      data: { heartbeatAt: new Date() },
+    });
+    if (held.count === 0) {
+      throw new LeaseLostError(investigationId, "lease not held when writing images");
+    }
+
     await tx.investigationImage.deleteMany({
       where: { investigationId },
     });
@@ -78,35 +116,51 @@ function toDataUri(bytes: Uint8Array, mimeType: SupportedImageMimeType): string
   return `data:${mimeType};base64,${Buffer.from(bytes).toString("base64")}`;
 }
 
-function uniqueUrlsInOrder(urls: string[]): string[] {
-  const seen = new Set<string>();
-  const unique: string[] = [];
-
-  for (const url of urls) {
-    if (seen.has(url)) continue;
-    seen.add(url);
-    unique.push(url);
+/**
+ * Canonical form of an image URL, shared by image occurrences, markdown
+ * placeholders and downloads so they match each other. Null for URLs that can
+ * never be fetched.
+ */
+function canonicalImageUrl(url: string): string | null {
+  let parsed: URL;
+  try {
+    parsed = new URL(url);
+  } catch {
+    return null;
   }
+  return parsed.protocol === "http:" || parsed.protocol === "https:" ? parsed.toString() : null;
+}
 
-  return unique;
+interface StoredImageOccurrence {
+  originalIndex: number;
+  normalizedTextOffset: number;
+  sourceUrl: string;
+  captionText: string | null;
 }
 
 async function resolvePromptImageOccurrences(
-  investigationId: string,
-  imageOccurrences: PromptImageOccurrence[],
+  lease: { investigationId: string; workerIdentity: string; leaseLostSignal: AbortSignal },
+  storedOccurrences: StoredImageOccurrence[],
 ): Promise<InvestigatorImageOccurrence[]> {
-  if (imageOccurrences.length === 0) {
-    await replaceInvestigationImages(investigationId, []);
-    return [];
-  }
-
-  const uniqueSourceUrls = uniqueUrlsInOrder(
-    imageOccurrences.map((occurrence) => occurrence.sourceUrl),
-  );
+  const imageOccurrences = storedOccurrences.map((occurrence) => ({
+    originalIndex: occurrence.originalIndex,
+    normalizedTextOffset: occurrence.normalizedTextOffset,
+    sourceUrl: canonicalImageUrl(occurrence.sourceUrl) ?? occurrence.sourceUrl,
+    fetchable: canonicalImageUrl(occurrence.sourceUrl) !== null,
+    ...(occurrence.captionText === null ? {} : { captionText: occurrence.captionText }),
+  }));
+
+  const uniqueSourceUrls = [
+    ...new Set(
+      imageOccurrences
+        .filter((occurrence) => occurrence.fetchable)
+        .map((occurrence) => occurrence.sourceUrl),
+    ),
+  ];
   const urlsWithinBudget = uniqueSourceUrls.slice(0, MAX_IMAGES_PER_INVESTIGATION);
   const omittedSourceUrls = new Set(uniqueSourceUrls.slice(MAX_IMAGES_PER_INVESTIGATION));
 
-  const resolutions = await downloadAndStoreImages(urlsWithinBudget, MAX_IMAGES_PER_INVESTIGATION);
+  const resolutions = await downloadAndStoreImages(urlsWithinBudget, lease.leaseLostSignal);
 
   const resolvedBySourceUrl = new Map<string, ResolvedDownloadedImage>();
   const uniqueResolvedBlobs = new Map<string, ResolvedDownloadedImage>();
@@ -118,11 +172,11 @@ async function resolvePromptImageOccurrences(
   }
 
   await replaceInvestigationImages(
-    investigationId,
+    lease,
     Array.from(uniqueResolvedBlobs.values()).map((image) => image.blob),
   );
 
-  return imageOccurrences.map((occurrence) => {
+  return imageOccurrences.map(({ fetchable: _fetchable, ...occurrence }) => {
     if (omittedSourceUrls.has(occurrence.sourceUrl)) {
       return {
         ...occurrence,
@@ -147,6 +201,56 @@ async function resolvePromptImageOccurrences(
   });
 }
 
+/**
+ * Investigator input for a claimed run, built from the immutable
+ * InvestigationInput snapshot plus the version's text and resolved images.
+ */
+function buildInvestigatorInput(
+  investigation: InvestigationForRun,
+  imageOccurrences: InvestigatorImageOccurrence[],
+): InvestigatorInput {
+  const { input } = investigation;
+  const imagePlaceholders: ImagePlaceholder[] = input.imagePlaceholderSourceUrls.map(
+    (sourceUrl, index) => ({ index, matchBy: "SOURCE_URL", sourceUrl }),
+  );
+  const base = {
+    contentText: investigation.postVersion.contentBlob.contentText,
+    ...(input.markdown === null ? {} : { contentMarkdown: input.markdown, imagePlaceholders }),
+    platform: investigation.postVersion.post.platform,
+    url: input.postUrl,
+    ...(input.authorName === null ? {} : { authorName: input.authorName }),
+    ...(input.postPublishedAt === null
+      ? {}
+      : { postPublishedAt: input.postPublishedAt.toISOString() }),
+    imageOccurrences,
+    ...(input.hasVideo ? { hasVideo: true } : {}),
+  };
+
+  if (investigation.parentInvestigationId === null) {
+    return base;
+  }
+  if (investigation.parentInvestigation === null) {
+    throw new Error(`Update investigation ${investigation.id} is missing parent investigation`);
+  }
+  return {
+    ...base,
+    isUpdate: true,
+    ...(investigation.contentDiff === null ? {} : { contentDiff: investigation.contentDiff }),
+    oldClaims: investigation.parentInvestigation.claims.map((claim) => ({
+      id: claimIdSchema.parse(claim.id),
+      text: claim.text,
+      context: claim.context,
+      summary: claim.summary,
+      reasoning: claim.reasoning,
+      sources: claim.sources.map((source) => ({
+        url: source.url,
+        title: source.title,
+        snippet: source.snippet,
+      })),
+    })),
+  };
+}
+
 /**
  * Guard-first persist: atomically transition PROCESSING → COMPLETE.
  *
@@ -169,8 +273,10 @@ export async function persistCompletedInvestigation(
     workerIdentity: string;
     claims: InvestigationResult["claims"];
     attemptNumber: number;
-    attemptAudit: InvestigatorAttemptAudit;
-    modelVersion: string | null;
+    attemptAudit: InvestigatorSucceededAttemptAudit;
+    /** Provider model id the fact-check ran on (INV-INV-MODEL-AT-COMPLETION). */
+    model: string;
+    modelVersion: string;
   },
 ): Promise<boolean> {
   const released = await tx.investigationLease.deleteMany({
@@ -189,6 +295,7 @@ export async function persistCompletedInvestigation(
     data: {
       status: "COMPLETE",
       checkedAt: new Date(),
+      model: params.model,
       modelVersion: params.modelVersion,
     },
   });
@@ -218,9 +325,6 @@ export async function persistCompletedInvestigation(
             url: s.url,
             title: s.title,
             snippet: s.snippet,
-            snapshotText: s.snippet,
-            snapshotHash: hashSnapshotText(s.snippet),
-            retrievedAt: new Date(),
           })),
         },
       },
@@ -236,6 +340,7 @@ export async function orchestrateInvestigation(
   logger: Logger,
   options: {
     workerIdentity: string;
+    createInvestigator: InvestigatorFactory;
   },
 ): Promise<void> {
   const inFlightProgressWrites = new Set<Promise<void>>();
@@ -256,48 +361,23 @@ export async function orchestrateInvestigation(
   }
 
   const claimResult = await tryClaimLease(investigationId, options.workerIdentity);
-  if (claimResult.outcome === "MISSING") {
-    logger.info(`Investigation ${investigationId} no longer exists; skipping stale job`);
-    return;
-  }
-  if (claimResult.outcome === "TERMINAL") {
-    logger.info(`Investigation ${investigationId} already terminal, skipping`);
-    return;
-  }
-  if (claimResult.outcome === "LEASE_HELD") {
-    logger.info(`Investigation ${investigationId} already leased, skipping`);
-    return;
-  }
-  if (claimResult.outcome === "ATTEMPTS_EXHAUSTED") {
-    logger.error(
-      `Investigation ${investigationId} exhausted ${MAX_INVESTIGATION_ATTEMPTS.toString()} attempts; marking FAILED`,
-    );
-    const prismaForExhausted = getPrisma();
-    await prismaForExhausted.$transaction(async (tx) => {
-      const now = new Date();
-      // Defensive cleanup for stale/expired leases. Active leases are preserved.
-      await tx.investigationLease.deleteMany({
-        where: {
-          investigationId,
-          leaseExpiresAt: { lte: now },
-        },
-      });
-      // Match both PENDING (normal exhaustion path) and PROCESSING with no
-      // active lease row (stale reclaim rollback path). Avoid marking FAILED
-      // while another worker still holds an active lease.
-      const transitioned = await tx.investigation.updateMany({
-        where: {
-          id: investigationId,
-          attemptCount: { gte: MAX_INVESTIGATION_ATTEMPTS },
-          OR: [{ status: "PENDING" }, { status: "PROCESSING", lease: { is: null } }],
-        },
-        data: { status: "FAILED" },
-      });
-      if (transitioned.count > 0) {
-        await consumeOpenAiKeySource(tx, investigationId);
-      }
-    });
-    return;
+  switch (claimResult.outcome) {
+    case "MISSING":
+      logger.info(`Investigation ${investigationId} no longer exists; skipping stale job`);
+      return;
+    case "TERMINAL":
+      logger.info(`Investigation ${investigationId} already terminal, skipping`);
+      return;
+    case "LEASE_HELD":
+      logger.info(`Investigation ${investigationId} already leased, skipping`);
+      return;
+    case "UNFUNDED":
+      logger.info(
+        `Investigation ${investigationId} has no funding since its user key was dropped; skipping`,
+      );
+      return;
+    case "CLAIMED":
+      break;
   }
 
   const { attemptNumber } = claimResult;
@@ -310,39 +390,42 @@ export async function orchestrateInvestigation(
 
   const prisma = getPrisma();
 
-  const heartbeat = startHeartbeat(investigationId, options.workerIdentity, logger);
-
+  const heartbeat = startLeaseHeartbeat(
+    {
+      investigationId,
+      workerIdentity: options.workerIdentity,
+      leaseExpiresAt: claimResult.leaseExpiresAt,
+    },
+    logger,
+  );
+  // Aborts when this worker loses the lease, which stops every in-flight
+  // provider request, tool fetch and image download of this run.
+  const { leaseLostSignal } = heartbeat;
+  const lease = {
+    investigationId: investigation.id,
+    workerIdentity: options.workerIdentity,
+    leaseLostSignal,
+  };
+
+  let investigationKeyType: InvestigationKeyResolution["type"] | null = null;
   try {
-    const investigationKey = await resolveInvestigationKey(prisma, investigationId);
-    const investigator =
-      investigationKey.type === "SERVER_KEY"
-        ? getServerInvestigator()
-        : new OpenAIInvestigator(investigationKey.apiKey);
-    const promptPostContext = toPromptPostContext(investigation.postVersion);
-
-    // ── Resolve or restore InvestigationInput snapshot ──
-    // All executions (first attempt and retries) must use the immutable
-    // InvestigationInput snapshot persisted at queue-time.
-    const contentMarkdown = investigation.input.markdown ?? undefined;
-    const imagePlaceholders =
-      contentMarkdown !== undefined
-        ? extractImagePlaceholdersFromMarkdown(contentMarkdown)
-        : undefined;
+    // Resolve the key before touching any attacker-chosen image URL: a
+    // user-key run whose key is unusable stops here.
+    const investigationKey = await resolveInvestigationKey(prisma, investigation);
+    investigationKeyType = investigationKey.type;
+    const investigator = options.createInvestigator(
+      investigationKey.type === "SERVER_KEY" ? requireOpenAiApiKey() : investigationKey.apiKey,
+    );
 
     const resolvedImageOccurrences = await resolvePromptImageOccurrences(
-      investigation.id,
-      promptPostContext.imageOccurrences,
+      lease,
+      investigation.postVersion.imageOccurrenceSet.occurrences,
     );
-
-    if (
-      investigation.parentInvestigationId !== null &&
-      investigation.parentInvestigation === null
-    ) {
-      throw new Error(`Update investigation ${investigation.id} is missing parent investigation`);
-    }
+    const investigatorInput = buildInvestigatorInput(investigation, resolvedImageOccurrences);
 
     const progressCallbacks: InvestigationProgressCallbacks = {
       onProgressUpdate: (pending, confirmed) => {
+        if (leaseLostSignal.aborted) return;
         // Guard on leaseOwner to avoid writing progressClaims after a
         // terminal transition or lease reclaim (the lease row won't exist).
         const write = prisma.investigationLease
@@ -362,37 +445,15 @@ export async function orchestrateInvestigation(
       },
     };
 
-    const output = await investigator.investigate(
-      {
-        contentText: investigation.postVersion.contentBlob.contentText,
-        ...promptPostContext,
-        ...(contentMarkdown !== undefined && { contentMarkdown }),
-        ...(imagePlaceholders !== undefined && { imagePlaceholders }),
-        imageOccurrences: resolvedImageOccurrences,
-        ...(promptPostContext.hasVideo ? { hasVideo: true } : {}),
-        ...(investigation.parentInvestigation !== null && {
-          isUpdate: true,
-          ...(investigation.contentDiff === null ? {} : { contentDiff: investigation.contentDiff }),
-          oldClaims: investigation.parentInvestigation.claims.map((claim) => ({
-            id: claimIdSchema.parse(claim.id),
-            text: claim.text,
-            context: claim.context,
-            summary: claim.summary,
-            reasoning: claim.reasoning,
-            sources: claim.sources.map((source) => ({
-              url: source.url,
-              title: source.title,
-              snippet: source.snippet,
-            })),
-          })),
-        }),
-      },
-      progressCallbacks,
-    );
+    const output = await investigator.investigate(investigatorInput, {
+      signal: leaseLostSignal,
+      callbacks: progressCallbacks,
+    });
 
     // Ensure all progress writes settle before terminal transition.
     await flushProgressWrites();
 
+    leaseLostSignal.throwIfAborted();
     const completed = await prisma.$transaction((tx) =>
       persistCompletedInvestigation(tx, {
         investigationId: investigation.id,
@@ -400,7 +461,8 @@ export async function orchestrateInvestigation(
         claims: output.result.claims,
         attemptNumber,
         attemptAudit: output.attemptAudit,
-        modelVersion: output.modelVersion ?? null,
+        model: output.model,
+        modelVersion: output.modelVersion,
       }),
     );
 
@@ -417,6 +479,13 @@ export async function orchestrateInvestigation(
     // Drain callback writes so FAILED/lease-release transition is the final state.
     await flushProgressWrites();
 
+    if (leaseLostSignal.aborted || error instanceof LeaseLostError) {
+      logger.warn(
+        `Investigation ${investigation.id} attempt ${attemptNumber.toString()} abandoned: ${formatErrorForLog(leaseLostSignal.aborted ? leaseLostSignal.reason : error)}`,
+      );
+      return;
+    }
+
     if (isRecordNotFoundError(error)) {
       logger.info(
         `Investigation ${investigation.id} disappeared during processing; skipping stale job`,
@@ -426,6 +495,27 @@ export async function orchestrateInvestigation(
 
     const attemptAudit = error instanceof InvestigatorExecutionError ? error.attemptAudit : null;
 
+    // USER KEY UNUSABLE: drop the key; the investigation waits, unfunded, for
+    // the selector or a new request instead of failing.
+    if (isUserKeyFailure(error, investigationKeyType)) {
+      const released = await releaseLeaseDroppingUserKey({
+        investigationId: investigation.id,
+        workerIdentity: options.workerIdentity,
+        attemptNumber,
+        attemptAudit,
+      });
+      if (released) {
+        logger.warn(
+          `Investigation ${investigation.id} dropped its user OpenAI key and is unfunded: ${formatErrorForLog(error)}`,
+        );
+      } else {
+        logger.info(
+          `Investigation ${investigation.id} no longer PROCESSING; ignoring user key failure`,
+        );
+      }
+      return;
+    }
+
     // NON_RETRYABLE: deterministic provider or parsing failures.
     if (isNonRetryableProviderError(error)) {
       const marked = await persistFailedAttemptAndMarkInvestigationFailed({
@@ -469,7 +559,7 @@ export async function orchestrateInvestigation(
 
     // Not last attempt — reclaim to PENDING and explicitly re-enqueue.
     // Do NOT rethrow to graphile-worker — we control retry timing ourselves.
-    const backoffMs = BASE_BACKOFF_MS * Math.pow(2, attemptNumber - 1);
+    const backoffMs = retryBackoffMs(attemptNumber);
     const retryAfter = new Date(Date.now() + backoffMs);
 
     const released = await persistFailedAttemptAndReleaseLease({
diff --git a/src/typescript/api/src/lib/services/prompt-context.ts b/src/typescript/api/src/lib/services/prompt-context.ts
deleted file mode 100644
index ec5c914..0000000
--- a/src/typescript/api/src/lib/services/prompt-context.ts
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,235 +0,0 @@
-import type { Platform } from "@openerrata/shared";
-import type { Prisma } from "$lib/db/prisma-client";
-
-export interface PromptImageOccurrence {
-  originalIndex: number;
-  normalizedTextOffset: number;
-  sourceUrl: string;
-  captionText?: string;
-}
-
-interface PromptPostContext {
-  platform: Platform;
-  url: string;
-  authorName?: string;
-  postPublishedAt?: string;
-  imageOccurrences: PromptImageOccurrence[];
-  hasVideo?: boolean;
-}
-
-/** Prisma include fragment that loads everything needed by `toPromptPostContext`. */
-export const investigationContextInclude = {
-  postVersion: {
-    select: {
-      serverVerifiedAt: true,
-      contentBlob: {
-        select: {
-          contentText: true,
-          contentHash: true,
-        },
-      },
-      imageOccurrenceSet: {
-        select: {
-          occurrences: {
-            orderBy: [{ originalIndex: "asc" }],
-            select: {
-              originalIndex: true,
-              normalizedTextOffset: true,
-              sourceUrl: true,
-              captionText: true,
-            },
-          },
-        },
-      },
-      lesswrongVersionMeta: {
-        select: {
-          publishedAt: true,
-          serverHtmlBlob: { select: { htmlContent: true } },
-          clientHtmlBlob: { select: { htmlContent: true } },
-        },
-      },
-      xVersionMeta: {
-        select: {
-          postedAt: true,
-          mediaUrls: true,
-        },
-      },
-      substackVersionMeta: {
-        select: {
-          publishedAt: true,
-          serverHtmlBlob: { select: { htmlContent: true } },
-          clientHtmlBlob: { select: { htmlContent: true } },
-        },
-      },
-      wikipediaVersionMeta: {
-        select: {
-          lastModifiedAt: true,
-          serverHtmlBlob: { select: { htmlContent: true } },
-          clientHtmlBlob: { select: { htmlContent: true } },
-        },
-      },
-      post: {
-        select: {
-          platform: true,
-          url: true,
-          author: { select: { displayName: true } },
-        },
-      },
-    },
-  },
-} satisfies Prisma.InvestigationInclude;
-
-type InvestigationWithContext = Prisma.InvestigationGetPayload<{
-  include: typeof investigationContextInclude;
-}>;
-type InvestigationVersionContext = InvestigationWithContext["postVersion"];
-
-function unreachablePlatform(platform: never): never {
-  throw new Error(`Unsupported post platform: ${String(platform)}`);
-}
-
-export function isLikelyVideoUrl(url: string): boolean {
-  let pathname = url.toLowerCase();
-  try {
-    pathname = new URL(url).pathname.toLowerCase();
-  } catch {
-    // Keep best-effort behavior for malformed values already stored in metadata.
-  }
-
-  return (
-    pathname.endsWith(".mp4") ||
-    pathname.endsWith(".webm") ||
-    pathname.endsWith(".m3u8") ||
-    pathname.endsWith(".mov") ||
-    pathname.endsWith(".m4v")
-  );
-}
-
-export function hasXVideoMedia(mediaUrls: string[]): boolean {
-  for (const mediaUrl of mediaUrls) {
-    if (isLikelyVideoUrl(mediaUrl)) {
-      return true;
-    }
-  }
-  return false;
-}
-
-/**
- * Source-scoped HTML snapshots with the serverVerifiedAt latch bundled in.
- *
- * The discriminated union encodes the DB invariant:
- *   serverVerifiedAt IS NOT NULL → serverHtmlBlobId IS NOT NULL
- * When server-verified, serverHtml is guaranteed non-null at the type level.
- */
-export type HtmlSnapshots =
-  | { serverVerifiedAt: Date; serverHtml: string; clientHtml: string | null }
-  | { serverVerifiedAt: null; serverHtml: string | null; clientHtml: string | null };
-
-/**
- * Resolve source-scoped HTML snapshots from version metadata.
- *
- * Throws if serverVerifiedAt is set but serverHtml is absent — that state
- * violates the DB trigger that enforces the invariant, so it represents data
- * corruption and should surface immediately rather than silently falling back.
- */
-export function resolveHtmlSnapshotsFromVersionMeta(
-  postVersion: InvestigationVersionContext,
-): HtmlSnapshots {
-  const post = postVersion.post;
-  let serverHtml: string | null;
-  let clientHtml: string | null;
-  switch (post.platform) {
-    case "LESSWRONG":
-      serverHtml = postVersion.lesswrongVersionMeta?.serverHtmlBlob?.htmlContent ?? null;
-      clientHtml = postVersion.lesswrongVersionMeta?.clientHtmlBlob?.htmlContent ?? null;
-      break;
-    case "SUBSTACK":
-      serverHtml = postVersion.substackVersionMeta?.serverHtmlBlob?.htmlContent ?? null;
-      clientHtml = postVersion.substackVersionMeta?.clientHtmlBlob?.htmlContent ?? null;
-      break;
-    case "WIKIPEDIA":
-      serverHtml = postVersion.wikipediaVersionMeta?.serverHtmlBlob?.htmlContent ?? null;
-      clientHtml = postVersion.wikipediaVersionMeta?.clientHtmlBlob?.htmlContent ?? null;
-      break;
-    case "X":
-      serverHtml = null;
-      clientHtml = null;
-      break;
-    default:
-      return unreachablePlatform(post.platform);
-  }
-
-  if (postVersion.serverVerifiedAt !== null) {
-    if (serverHtml === null) {
-      throw new Error(
-        `serverVerifiedAt is set but serverHtml is missing for platform ${post.platform} — violates DB invariant (serverVerifiedAt IS NOT NULL → serverHtmlBlobId IS NOT NULL)`,
-      );
-    }
-    return { serverVerifiedAt: postVersion.serverVerifiedAt, serverHtml, clientHtml };
-  }
-  return { serverVerifiedAt: null, serverHtml, clientHtml };
-}
-
-export function toPromptPostContext(postVersion: InvestigationVersionContext): PromptPostContext {
-  const post = postVersion.post;
-  const authorName = post.author?.displayName;
-  const imageOccurrences = postVersion.imageOccurrenceSet.occurrences.map((occurrence) => ({
-    originalIndex: occurrence.originalIndex,
-    normalizedTextOffset: occurrence.normalizedTextOffset,
-    sourceUrl: occurrence.sourceUrl,
-    ...(occurrence.captionText === null ? {} : { captionText: occurrence.captionText }),
-  }));
-
-  switch (post.platform) {
-    case "LESSWRONG": {
-      const publishedAt = postVersion.lesswrongVersionMeta?.publishedAt;
-      return {
-        platform: "LESSWRONG",
-        url: post.url,
-        ...(authorName != null && { authorName }),
-        ...(publishedAt != null && { postPublishedAt: publishedAt.toISOString() }),
-        imageOccurrences,
-        hasVideo: false,
-      };
-    }
-    case "X": {
-      const postedAt = postVersion.xVersionMeta?.postedAt;
-      const mediaUrls = postVersion.xVersionMeta?.mediaUrls ?? [];
-      const hasVideo = hasXVideoMedia(mediaUrls);
-      return {
-        platform: "X",
-        url: post.url,
-        ...(authorName != null && { authorName }),
-        ...(postedAt != null && { postPublishedAt: postedAt.toISOString() }),
-        imageOccurrences,
-        hasVideo,
-      };
-    }
-    case "SUBSTACK": {
-      const publishedAt = postVersion.substackVersionMeta?.publishedAt;
-      return {
-        platform: "SUBSTACK",
-        url: post.url,
-        ...(authorName != null && { authorName }),
-        ...(publishedAt != null && { postPublishedAt: publishedAt.toISOString() }),
-        imageOccurrences,
-        hasVideo: false,
-      };
-    }
-    case "WIKIPEDIA": {
-      const lastModifiedAt = postVersion.wikipediaVersionMeta?.lastModifiedAt;
-      return {
-        platform: "WIKIPEDIA",
-        url: post.url,
-        ...(authorName != null && { authorName }),
-        ...(lastModifiedAt != null && {
-          postPublishedAt: lastModifiedAt.toISOString(),
-        }),
-        imageOccurrences,
-        hasVideo: false,
-      };
-    }
-    default:
-      return unreachablePlatform(post.platform);
-  }
-}
diff --git a/src/typescript/api/src/lib/services/public-read-model.ts b/src/typescript/api/src/lib/services/public-read-model.ts
index 1560129..ba962bb 100644
--- a/src/typescript/api/src/lib/services/public-read-model.ts
+++ b/src/typescript/api/src/lib/services/public-read-model.ts
@@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
 import { Prisma, type PrismaClient } from "$lib/db/prisma-client";
-import { platformSchema, type Platform } from "@openerrata/shared";
+import type { ContentProvenance, InvestigationProvider, Platform } from "@openerrata/shared";
 
-interface PublicInvestigationOrigin {
-  provenance: "SERVER_VERIFIED" | "CLIENT_FALLBACK";
-  serverVerifiedAt: Date | null;
-}
+// A SERVER_VERIFIED investigation ran on verified content, so its post
+// version's verification latch is always set; a CLIENT_FALLBACK one's may be
+// set later by a subsequent server fetch of the same content.
+type PublicInvestigationOrigin =
+  | { provenance: Extract<ContentProvenance, "SERVER_VERIFIED">; serverVerifiedAt: Date }
+  | { provenance: Extract<ContentProvenance, "CLIENT_FALLBACK">; serverVerifiedAt: Date | null };
 
 interface PublicTrustSignals {
   origin: PublicInvestigationOrigin;
@@ -30,7 +32,7 @@ type PublicInvestigation = PublicTrustSignals & {
   id: string;
   checkedAt: Date;
   promptVersion: string;
-  provider: string;
+  provider: InvestigationProvider;
   model: string;
 };
 
@@ -80,10 +82,15 @@ interface PublicSearchInvestigationsResult {
   hasMore: boolean;
 }
 
+interface SearchInvestigationPageRow {
+  id: string;
+}
+
 interface PublicMetricsResult {
   totalInvestigatedPosts: number;
   investigatedPostsWithFlags: number;
-  factCheckIncidence: number;
+  /** investigatedPostsWithFlags / totalInvestigatedPosts; null when nothing was investigated. */
+  factCheckIncidence: number | null;
 }
 
 interface PublicMetricsInput {
@@ -101,8 +108,8 @@ interface PublicSearchInvestigationsInput {
   offset: number;
 }
 
-function parsePlatform(value: string): Platform {
-  return platformSchema.parse(value);
+function escapeLikePattern(query: string): string {
+  return query.replace(/[\\%_]/g, (char) => `\\${char}`);
 }
 
 export class PublicReadModelInvariantError extends Error {
@@ -116,28 +123,6 @@ function invariantViolation(message: string): never {
   throw new PublicReadModelInvariantError(`Public read-model invariant violation: ${message}`);
 }
 
-function parsePublicOrigin(input: {
-  investigationId: string;
-  provenance: string | undefined;
-  serverVerifiedAt: Date | null;
-}): PublicInvestigationOrigin {
-  // provenance lives on InvestigationInput (1:1); older investigations may lack it.
-  if (input.provenance === undefined) {
-    invariantViolation(
-      `Investigation ${input.investigationId} has no InvestigationInput (missing provenance)`,
-    );
-  }
-  if (input.provenance !== "SERVER_VERIFIED" && input.provenance !== "CLIENT_FALLBACK") {
-    invariantViolation(
-      `Investigation ${input.investigationId} has invalid provenance "${input.provenance}"`,
-    );
-  }
-  return {
-    provenance: input.provenance,
-    serverVerifiedAt: input.serverVerifiedAt,
-  };
-}
-
 function requireCompleteCheckedAt(input: {
   investigationId: string;
   checkedAt: Date | null;
@@ -148,26 +133,44 @@ function requireCompleteCheckedAt(input: {
   return input.checkedAt;
 }
 
-function parsePublicLifecycle(input: {
-  investigationId: string;
-  provenance: string | undefined;
-  serverVerifiedAt: Date | null;
-  checkedAt: Date | null;
-}): { origin: PublicInvestigationOrigin; checkedAt: Date } {
-  const origin = parsePublicOrigin({
-    investigationId: input.investigationId,
-    provenance: input.provenance,
-    serverVerifiedAt: input.serverVerifiedAt,
-  });
+function requireCompleteModel(input: { investigationId: string; model: string | null }): string {
+  if (input.model === null) {
+    invariantViolation(`Investigation ${input.investigationId} is COMPLETE with null model`);
+  }
+  return input.model;
+}
 
-  const checkedAt = requireCompleteCheckedAt({
-    investigationId: input.investigationId,
-    checkedAt: input.checkedAt,
-  });
+function publicOrigin(investigation: {
+  id: string;
+  input: { provenance: ContentProvenance };
+  postVersion: { serverVerifiedAt: Date | null };
+}): PublicInvestigationOrigin {
+  const { serverVerifiedAt } = investigation.postVersion;
+  switch (investigation.input.provenance) {
+    case "SERVER_VERIFIED":
+      if (serverVerifiedAt === null) {
+        invariantViolation(
+          `Investigation ${investigation.id} is SERVER_VERIFIED but its post version has no serverVerifiedAt`,
+        );
+      }
+      return { provenance: "SERVER_VERIFIED", serverVerifiedAt };
+    case "CLIENT_FALLBACK":
+      return { provenance: "CLIENT_FALLBACK", serverVerifiedAt };
+  }
+}
 
+function publicLifecycle(investigation: {
+  id: string;
+  input: { provenance: ContentProvenance };
+  postVersion: { serverVerifiedAt: Date | null };
+  checkedAt: Date | null;
+}): { origin: PublicInvestigationOrigin; checkedAt: Date } {
   return {
-    origin,
-    checkedAt,
+    origin: publicOrigin(investigation),
+    checkedAt: requireCompleteCheckedAt({
+      investigationId: investigation.id,
+      checkedAt: investigation.checkedAt,
+    }),
   };
 }
 
@@ -190,6 +193,36 @@ function publicMetricsConditions(input: PublicMetricsInput): Prisma.Sql[] {
   return conditions;
 }
 
+async function loadSearchInvestigationPageRows(
+  prisma: PrismaClient,
+  input: PublicSearchInvestigationsInput,
+): Promise<SearchInvestigationPageRow[]> {
+  const platformFilter =
+    input.platform === undefined ? Prisma.empty : Prisma.sql`AND p."platform" = ${input.platform}`;
+  const textFilter =
+    input.query === undefined
+      ? Prisma.empty
+      : Prisma.sql`AND cb."contentText" ILIKE ${`%${escapeLikePattern(input.query)}%`} ESCAPE '\\'`;
+
+  const minimumClaimCount = input.minClaimCount ?? 0;
+
+  return prisma.$queryRaw<SearchInvestigationPageRow[]>`
+    SELECT i."id"
+    FROM "Investigation" i
+    JOIN "PostVersion" pv ON pv."id" = i."postVersionId"
+    JOIN "Post" p ON p."id" = pv."postId"
+    JOIN "ContentBlob" cb ON cb."id" = pv."contentBlobId"
+    LEFT JOIN "Claim" c ON c."investigationId" = i."id"
+    WHERE i."status" = 'COMPLETE'
+      ${platformFilter}
+      ${textFilter}
+    GROUP BY i."id", i."checkedAt"
+    HAVING COUNT(c."id") >= ${minimumClaimCount}
+    ORDER BY i."checkedAt" DESC NULLS LAST, i."id" DESC
+    LIMIT ${input.limit + 1} OFFSET ${input.offset}
+  `;
+}
+
 export async function getPublicInvestigationById(
   prisma: PrismaClient,
   investigationId: string,
@@ -221,12 +254,7 @@ export async function getPublicInvestigationById(
     return null;
   }
 
-  const lifecycle = parsePublicLifecycle({
-    investigationId: investigation.id,
-    provenance: investigation.input.provenance,
-    serverVerifiedAt: investigation.postVersion.serverVerifiedAt,
-    checkedAt: investigation.checkedAt,
-  });
+  const lifecycle = publicLifecycle(investigation);
 
   return {
     investigation: {
@@ -236,10 +264,13 @@ export async function getPublicInvestigationById(
       checkedAt: lifecycle.checkedAt,
       promptVersion: investigation.prompt.version,
       provider: investigation.provider,
-      model: investigation.model,
+      model: requireCompleteModel({
+        investigationId: investigation.id,
+        model: investigation.model,
+      }),
     },
     post: {
-      platform: parsePlatform(investigation.postVersion.post.platform),
+      platform: investigation.postVersion.post.platform,
       externalId: investigation.postVersion.post.externalId,
       url: investigation.postVersion.post.url,
     },
@@ -304,6 +335,9 @@ export async function getPublicPostInvestigations(
       },
       input: true,
       claims: {
+        orderBy: {
+          id: "asc",
+        },
         select: {
           id: true,
           summary: true,
@@ -320,17 +354,12 @@ export async function getPublicPostInvestigations(
 
   return {
     post: {
-      platform: parsePlatform(post.platform),
+      platform: post.platform,
       externalId: post.externalId,
       url: post.url,
     },
     investigations: investigations.map((investigation) => {
-      const lifecycle = parsePublicLifecycle({
-        investigationId: investigation.id,
-        provenance: investigation.input.provenance,
-        serverVerifiedAt: investigation.postVersion.serverVerifiedAt,
-        checkedAt: investigation.checkedAt,
-      });
+      const lifecycle = publicLifecycle(investigation);
       return {
         id: investigation.id,
         contentHash: investigation.postVersion.contentBlob.contentHash,
@@ -351,47 +380,23 @@ export async function searchPublicInvestigations(
   prisma: PrismaClient,
   input: PublicSearchInvestigationsInput,
 ): Promise<PublicSearchInvestigationsResult> {
+  const pageRows = await loadSearchInvestigationPageRows(prisma, input);
+  const hasMore = pageRows.length > input.limit;
+  const pageIds = pageRows.slice(0, input.limit).map((row) => row.id);
+
+  if (pageIds.length === 0) {
+    return {
+      investigations: [],
+      hasMore,
+    };
+  }
+
   const investigations = await prisma.investigation.findMany({
     where: {
-      status: "COMPLETE",
-      ...(input.minClaimCount !== undefined && input.minClaimCount > 0
-        ? { claims: { some: {} } }
-        : {}),
-      ...(input.platform === undefined && input.query === undefined
-        ? {}
-        : {
-            postVersion: {
-              ...(input.platform === undefined
-                ? {}
-                : {
-                    post: {
-                      platform: input.platform,
-                    },
-                  }),
-              ...(input.query === undefined
-                ? {}
-                : {
-                    contentBlob: {
-                      contentText: {
-                        contains: input.query,
-                        mode: "insensitive",
-                      },
-                    },
-                  }),
-            },
-          }),
-    },
-    orderBy: [
-      {
-        checkedAt: {
-          sort: "desc",
-          nulls: "last",
-        },
+      id: {
+        in: pageIds,
       },
-      { id: "desc" },
-    ],
-    skip: input.offset,
-    take: input.limit + 1,
+    },
     include: {
       postVersion: {
         select: {
@@ -412,6 +417,9 @@ export async function searchPublicInvestigations(
       },
       input: true,
       claims: {
+        orderBy: {
+          id: "asc",
+        },
         select: {
           id: true,
           summary: true,
@@ -426,22 +434,25 @@ export async function searchPublicInvestigations(
     },
   });
 
-  const hasMore = investigations.length > input.limit;
-  const page = hasMore ? investigations.slice(0, input.limit) : investigations;
+  const investigationsById = new Map(
+    investigations.map((investigation) => [investigation.id, investigation]),
+  );
 
   return {
-    investigations: page.map((investigation) => {
-      const lifecycle = parsePublicLifecycle({
-        investigationId: investigation.id,
-        provenance: investigation.input.provenance,
-        serverVerifiedAt: investigation.postVersion.serverVerifiedAt,
-        checkedAt: investigation.checkedAt,
-      });
+    investigations: pageIds.map((investigationId) => {
+      const investigation = investigationsById.get(investigationId);
+      if (investigation === undefined) {
+        invariantViolation(
+          `searchPublicInvestigations loaded page id ${investigationId} but could not hydrate it`,
+        );
+      }
+
+      const lifecycle = publicLifecycle(investigation);
       return {
         id: investigation.id,
         contentHash: investigation.postVersion.contentBlob.contentHash,
         checkedAt: lifecycle.checkedAt,
-        platform: parsePlatform(investigation.postVersion.post.platform),
+        platform: investigation.postVersion.post.platform,
         externalId: investigation.postVersion.post.externalId,
         url: investigation.postVersion.post.url,
         origin: lifecycle.origin,
@@ -481,14 +492,15 @@ export async function getPublicMetrics(
     WHERE ${Prisma.join(conditions, " AND ")}
   `;
 
-  const { total_investigated, with_flags } = result[0] ?? {
-    total_investigated: 0,
-    with_flags: 0,
-  };
+  const [counts] = result;
+  if (counts === undefined) {
+    invariantViolation("public metrics aggregate query returned no row");
+  }
+  const { total_investigated, with_flags } = counts;
 
   return {
     totalInvestigatedPosts: total_investigated,
     investigatedPostsWithFlags: with_flags,
-    factCheckIncidence: total_investigated > 0 ? with_flags / total_investigated : 0,
+    factCheckIncidence: total_investigated > 0 ? with_flags / total_investigated : null,
   };
 }
diff --git a/src/typescript/api/src/lib/services/queue-lifecycle.ts b/src/typescript/api/src/lib/services/queue-lifecycle.ts
deleted file mode 100644
index 4c33968..0000000
--- a/src/typescript/api/src/lib/services/queue-lifecycle.ts
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,195 +0,0 @@
-// ── Queue lifecycle state machine ────────────────────────────────────────
-//
-// Manages a lazily-initialized, closeable resource pool. The state machine
-// ensures that initialization, usage, and shutdown are properly serialized
-// even under concurrent access.
-//
-// Transitions:
-//   idle         → initializing   acquire starts connection
-//   idle         → closed         close requested with nothing to release
-//   initializing → ready          connection succeeds
-//   initializing → idle           connection fails (retry allowed)
-//   initializing → closing        close requested during connection
-//   ready        → closing        close requested
-//   closing      → closed         release succeeds
-//   closing      → idle           release fails (retry allowed)
-//   closed       → (terminal)     acquire throws
-
-export interface Releasable {
-  release(): void | Promise<void>;
-}
-
-export const QUEUE_ERROR_CODES = {
-  CLOSED: "QUEUE_CLOSED",
-  CONNECT_FAILED: "QUEUE_CONNECT_FAILED",
-  RELEASE_FAILED: "QUEUE_RELEASE_FAILED",
-} as const;
-
-export type QueueErrorCode = (typeof QUEUE_ERROR_CODES)[keyof typeof QUEUE_ERROR_CODES];
-
-class QueueLifecycleError extends Error {
-  constructor(
-    readonly code: QueueErrorCode,
-    message: string,
-    options?: ErrorOptions,
-  ) {
-    super(message, options);
-    this.name = new.target.name;
-  }
-}
-
-export class QueueClosedError extends QueueLifecycleError {
-  constructor() {
-    super(QUEUE_ERROR_CODES.CLOSED, "Queue utilities are closed");
-  }
-}
-
-export class QueueConnectError extends QueueLifecycleError {
-  constructor(cause: unknown) {
-    super(QUEUE_ERROR_CODES.CONNECT_FAILED, "Queue utilities failed to initialize", { cause });
-  }
-}
-
-export class QueueReleaseError extends QueueLifecycleError {
-  constructor(cause: unknown) {
-    super(QUEUE_ERROR_CODES.RELEASE_FAILED, "Queue utilities failed to release", { cause });
-  }
-}
-
-interface QueueManager<T> {
-  acquire(): Promise<T>;
-  close(): Promise<void>;
-}
-
-type QueueState<T> =
-  | { phase: "idle" }
-  | { phase: "initializing"; promise: Promise<T> }
-  | { phase: "ready"; utils: T }
-  | { phase: "closing"; promise: Promise<void> }
-  | { phase: "closed" };
-
-export function createQueueManager<T extends Releasable>(
-  connect: () => Promise<T>,
-): QueueManager<T> {
-  let state: QueueState<T> = { phase: "idle" };
-
-  /**
-   * Checks whether the given promise is still the active initialization
-   * attempt. State can change across await boundaries (e.g. close requested
-   * during init), so callers must re-check after any suspension. This is
-   * extracted as a function so TypeScript reads `state` without the enclosing
-   * switch-case narrowing that would make the check look redundant to the
-   * linter.
-   */
-  function isActiveInit(promise: Promise<T>): boolean {
-    return state.phase === "initializing" && state.promise === promise;
-  }
-
-  async function acquire(): Promise<T> {
-    while (true) {
-      switch (state.phase) {
-        case "closed":
-          throw new QueueClosedError();
-
-        case "closing":
-          // Wait for close to finish, then re-check. Swallow close errors —
-          // an acquire caller should not see release failures.
-          try {
-            await state.promise;
-          } catch {
-            // Close failed; state is now idle. Loop will retry initialization.
-          }
-          continue;
-
-        case "ready":
-          return state.utils;
-
-        case "idle": {
-          const promise = connect();
-          state = { phase: "initializing", promise };
-          continue;
-        }
-
-        case "initializing": {
-          const { promise } = state;
-          let utils: T;
-          try {
-            utils = await promise;
-          } catch (error) {
-            if (isActiveInit(promise)) {
-              state = { phase: "idle" };
-              throw new QueueConnectError(error);
-            }
-            // State changed during init (e.g. close was requested).
-            // Swallow the connection error and re-check — callers should
-            // see "closed", not a transient connection failure.
-            continue;
-          }
-          if (isActiveInit(promise)) {
-            state = { phase: "ready", utils };
-            return utils;
-          }
-          // State changed during init (e.g. close was requested). Re-check.
-          continue;
-        }
-      }
-    }
-  }
-
-  async function releaseAndClose(utils: T): Promise<void> {
-    try {
-      await utils.release();
-      state = { phase: "closed" };
-    } catch (error) {
-      // Release failed — revert to idle so close can be retried.
-      state = { phase: "idle" };
-      throw new QueueReleaseError(error);
-    }
-  }
-
-  async function awaitInitThenClose(initPromise: Promise<T>): Promise<void> {
-    let utils: T;
-    try {
-      utils = await initPromise;
-    } catch {
-      // Init failed — nothing to release. Close succeeds.
-      state = { phase: "closed" };
-      return;
-    }
-    await releaseAndClose(utils);
-  }
-
-  async function close(): Promise<void> {
-    switch (state.phase) {
-      case "closed":
-        return;
-
-      case "closing":
-        await state.promise;
-        return;
-
-      case "idle": {
-        state = { phase: "closed" };
-        return;
-      }
-
-      case "ready": {
-        const { utils } = state;
-        const promise = releaseAndClose(utils);
-        state = { phase: "closing", promise };
-        await promise;
-        return;
-      }
-
-      case "initializing": {
-        const { promise: initPromise } = state;
-        const promise = awaitInitThenClose(initPromise);
-        state = { phase: "closing", promise };
-        await promise;
-        return;
-      }
-    }
-  }
-
-  return { acquire, close };
-}
diff --git a/src/typescript/api/src/lib/services/queue.ts b/src/typescript/api/src/lib/services/queue.ts
index b668afa..d4bcacf 100644
--- a/src/typescript/api/src/lib/services/queue.ts
+++ b/src/typescript/api/src/lib/services/queue.ts
@@ -1,27 +1,47 @@
-import { makeWorkerUtils } from "graphile-worker";
+import { makeWorkerUtils, type WorkerUtils } from "graphile-worker";
 import { getEnv } from "$lib/config/env.js";
 import { normalizePgConnectionStringForNode } from "$lib/db/connection-string.js";
-import { createQueueManager } from "./queue-lifecycle.js";
 
-const manager = createQueueManager(() =>
-  makeWorkerUtils({
+let workerUtils: Promise<WorkerUtils> | null = null;
+
+/** Lazily connect once per process; a failed connection is retried on the next call. */
+function getWorkerUtils(): Promise<WorkerUtils> {
+  workerUtils ??= makeWorkerUtils({
     connectionString: normalizePgConnectionStringForNode(getEnv().DATABASE_URL),
-  }),
-);
+  }).catch((error: unknown) => {
+    workerUtils = null;
+    throw error;
+  });
+  return workerUtils;
+}
 
+/**
+ * Enqueue (or replace) the single graphile-worker job for an investigation.
+ * The per-investigation jobKey collapses concurrent enqueues from
+ * investigateNow, the selector and retry scheduling into one job; retries are
+ * application-controlled, so graphile-worker never retries a job itself.
+ */
 export async function enqueueInvestigation(
   investigationId: string,
   options?: { runAt?: Date },
 ): Promise<void> {
-  const utils = await manager.acquire();
-  const spec = {
-    maxAttempts: 1,
-    jobKey: `investigate:${investigationId}`,
-    ...(options?.runAt !== undefined && { runAt: options.runAt }),
-  };
-  await utils.addJob("investigate", { investigationId }, spec);
+  const utils = await getWorkerUtils();
+  await utils.addJob(
+    "investigate",
+    { investigationId },
+    {
+      maxAttempts: 1,
+      jobKey: `investigate:${investigationId}`,
+      ...(options?.runAt !== undefined && { runAt: options.runAt }),
+    },
+  );
 }
 
+/** Release the queue's database pool (lets short-lived processes such as tests exit). */
 export async function closeQueueUtils(): Promise<void> {
-  await manager.close();
+  const pending = workerUtils;
+  workerUtils = null;
+  if (pending !== null) {
+    await (await pending).release();
+  }
 }
diff --git a/src/typescript/api/src/lib/services/request-identity.ts b/src/typescript/api/src/lib/services/request-identity.ts
index 517af29..f84a624 100644
--- a/src/typescript/api/src/lib/services/request-identity.ts
+++ b/src/typescript/api/src/lib/services/request-identity.ts
@@ -3,25 +3,23 @@ interface RequestIdentityInput {
   userAgent: string;
   instanceApiKey: string | null | undefined;
   userOpenAiApiKey: string | null | undefined;
-  attestationSignature: string | null | undefined;
-  attestationBody: string | null;
 }
 
 interface RequestIdentityDependencies {
   hashContent: (value: string) => Promise<string>;
   findActiveInstanceApiKeyHash: (apiKey: string) => Promise<string | null>;
   deriveIpRangePrefix: (ipAddress: string) => string;
-  verifyHmac: (body: string, signature: string) => Promise<boolean>;
 }
 
 interface RequestIdentity {
-  authenticatedApiKeyHash: string | null;
+  /** Stable hashed viewer: the instance API key when authenticated, else address + user agent. */
   viewerKey: string;
+  /** Stable hashed /24 (IPv4) or /48 (IPv6) of the client address. */
   ipRangeKey: string;
-  userOpenAiApiKey: string | null;
+  /** Whether the request carries an active instance API key. */
   isAuthenticated: boolean;
-  canInvestigate: boolean;
-  hasValidAttestation: boolean;
+  /** The request-scoped user OpenAI key, as sent; unverified. */
+  userOpenAiApiKey: string | null;
 }
 
 function trimToOptional(value: string | null | undefined): string | null {
@@ -29,84 +27,28 @@ function trimToOptional(value: string | null | undefined): string | null {
   return trimmed !== undefined && trimmed.length > 0 ? trimmed : null;
 }
 
-async function resolveAuthenticatedApiKeyHash(input: {
-  instanceApiKey: string | null;
-  findActiveInstanceApiKeyHash: RequestIdentityDependencies["findActiveInstanceApiKeyHash"];
-}): Promise<string | null> {
-  if (input.instanceApiKey === null) {
-    return null;
-  }
-  return input.findActiveInstanceApiKeyHash(input.instanceApiKey);
-}
-
-async function resolveViewerKey(input: {
-  authenticatedApiKeyHash: string | null;
-  clientAddress: string;
-  userAgent: string;
-  hashContent: RequestIdentityDependencies["hashContent"];
-}): Promise<string> {
-  if (input.authenticatedApiKeyHash !== null) {
-    return input.hashContent(`apikey:${input.authenticatedApiKeyHash}`);
-  }
-  return input.hashContent(`anon:${input.clientAddress}:${input.userAgent}`);
-}
-
-async function resolveHasValidAttestation(input: {
-  attestationSignature: string | null;
-  attestationBody: string | null;
-  verifyHmac: RequestIdentityDependencies["verifyHmac"];
-}): Promise<boolean> {
-  if (
-    input.attestationSignature === null ||
-    input.attestationBody === null ||
-    input.attestationBody.length === 0
-  ) {
-    return false;
-  }
-
-  try {
-    return await input.verifyHmac(input.attestationBody, input.attestationSignature);
-  } catch {
-    return false;
-  }
-}
-
 export async function deriveRequestIdentity(
   input: RequestIdentityInput,
   dependencies: RequestIdentityDependencies,
 ): Promise<RequestIdentity> {
   const instanceApiKey = trimToOptional(input.instanceApiKey);
-  const userOpenAiApiKey = trimToOptional(input.userOpenAiApiKey);
-  const attestationSignature = trimToOptional(input.attestationSignature);
-
-  const authenticatedApiKeyHash = await resolveAuthenticatedApiKeyHash({
-    instanceApiKey,
-    findActiveInstanceApiKeyHash: dependencies.findActiveInstanceApiKeyHash,
-  });
-  const viewerKey = await resolveViewerKey({
-    authenticatedApiKeyHash,
-    clientAddress: input.clientAddress,
-    userAgent: input.userAgent,
-    hashContent: dependencies.hashContent,
-  });
+  const authenticatedApiKeyHash =
+    instanceApiKey === null
+      ? null
+      : await dependencies.findActiveInstanceApiKeyHash(instanceApiKey);
+
+  const viewerKey = await dependencies.hashContent(
+    authenticatedApiKeyHash === null
+      ? `anon:${input.clientAddress}:${input.userAgent}`
+      : `apikey:${authenticatedApiKeyHash}`,
+  );
   const ipRangePrefix = dependencies.deriveIpRangePrefix(input.clientAddress);
   const ipRangeKey = await dependencies.hashContent(`iprange:${ipRangePrefix}`);
-  const hasValidAttestation = await resolveHasValidAttestation({
-    attestationSignature,
-    attestationBody: input.attestationBody,
-    verifyHmac: dependencies.verifyHmac,
-  });
-
-  const isAuthenticated = authenticatedApiKeyHash !== null;
-  const canInvestigate = isAuthenticated || userOpenAiApiKey !== null;
 
   return {
-    authenticatedApiKeyHash,
     viewerKey,
     ipRangeKey,
-    userOpenAiApiKey,
-    isAuthenticated,
-    canInvestigate,
-    hasValidAttestation,
+    isAuthenticated: authenticatedApiKeyHash !== null,
+    userOpenAiApiKey: trimToOptional(input.userOpenAiApiKey),
   };
 }
diff --git a/src/typescript/api/src/lib/services/selector-entrypoint.ts b/src/typescript/api/src/lib/services/selector-entrypoint.ts
index d8f30a1..a0568b5 100644
--- a/src/typescript/api/src/lib/services/selector-entrypoint.ts
+++ b/src/typescript/api/src/lib/services/selector-entrypoint.ts
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+import { getSelectorDailyBudget } from "$lib/config/runtime.js";
 import { runStartupChecks } from "$lib/config/startup.js";
 import { getPrisma } from "$lib/db/client";
 import { runSelector } from "./selector.js";
@@ -6,8 +7,16 @@ async function runOnce(): Promise<void> {
   let exitCode = 0;
   try {
     await runStartupChecks("selector");
-    const count = await runSelector();
-    console.log(`Selector: enqueued ${count} investigations`);
+    const summary = await runSelector({ dailyBudget: getSelectorDailyBudget() });
+    console.log(
+      `Selector: admitted ${summary.admitted.toString()} (budget left today: ${summary.budgetRemaining.toString()}), re-enqueued ${summary.requeued.toString()}, recovered ${summary.recovered.toString()} expired lease(s)`,
+    );
+    for (const failure of summary.failures) {
+      console.error(`Selector ${failure.stage} failed for ${failure.subjectId}:`, failure.error);
+    }
+    if (summary.failures.length > 0) {
+      exitCode = 1;
+    }
   } catch (err) {
     console.error("Selector error:", err);
     exitCode = 1;
diff --git a/src/typescript/api/src/lib/services/selector.ts b/src/typescript/api/src/lib/services/selector.ts
index 396d683..b1a08e6 100644
--- a/src/typescript/api/src/lib/services/selector.ts
+++ b/src/typescript/api/src/lib/services/selector.ts
@@ -1,71 +1,270 @@
-import { getPrisma } from "$lib/db/client";
-import { getOrCreateCurrentPrompt } from "./prompt.js";
-import { ensureInvestigationQueued } from "./investigation-lifecycle.js";
+/**
+ * Investigation selector (SPEC §2.10, §3.6).
+ *
+ * Each run, in order:
+ * 1. Recovers every investigation whose lease expired (dead or stalled worker).
+ * 2. Re-enqueues every funded PENDING investigation that is due, so a lost
+ *    queue job never strands one. This is not new spending and is unbudgeted.
+ * 3. Admits new work, highest capped unique-view score first: latest post
+ *    versions with no investigation, and unfunded investigations (whose user
+ *    key was dropped). Admissions are SELECTOR-funded and capped at
+ *    SELECTOR_DAILY_BUDGET per UTC day, however often the cron runs.
+ *
+ * A failure on one candidate is recorded and the run moves on; the run's
+ * summary carries the failures so the entrypoint can exit non-zero.
+ */
+
+import { getPrisma, type PrismaClient } from "$lib/db/client";
+import { startOfUtcDay } from "$lib/date.js";
+import { isUniqueConstraintError } from "$lib/db/errors.js";
+import type { Prisma } from "$lib/db/prisma-client";
 import { WORD_COUNT_LIMIT } from "@openerrata/shared";
-import { getSelectorBudget } from "$lib/config/runtime.js";
+import { getOrCreateCurrentPrompt } from "./prompt.js";
+import {
+  fundUnfundedInvestigation,
+  insertAdmittedInvestigation,
+  unfundedInvestigationWhere,
+} from "./investigation-admission.js";
+import { buildInvestigationInputSnapshot } from "./investigation-input.js";
+import { recoverExpiredLease } from "./investigation-lease.js";
+import { enqueueInvestigation } from "./queue.js";
+import { resolveUpdateLineage } from "./update-lineage.js";
 
-export async function runSelector(): Promise<number> {
-  const prisma = getPrisma();
-  const budget = getSelectorBudget();
-  const prompt = await getOrCreateCurrentPrompt();
-
-  // Consider the most recently seen version for each post and enqueue
-  // investigations that are missing or in recoverable pending/processing states.
-  const candidates = await prisma.$queryRaw<
-    {
-      postVersionId: string;
-      investigationId: string | null;
-      investigationStatus: "PENDING" | "PROCESSING" | "COMPLETE" | "FAILED" | null;
-    }[]
+interface SelectorFailure {
+  stage: "RECOVER" | "REQUEUE" | "ADMIT";
+  /** Investigation id for RECOVER/REQUEUE, post version id for ADMIT. */
+  subjectId: string;
+  error: unknown;
+}
+
+interface SelectorRunSummary {
+  recovered: number;
+  requeued: number;
+  admitted: number;
+  /** SELECTOR admissions still allowed today after this run. */
+  budgetRemaining: number;
+  failures: SelectorFailure[];
+}
+
+type AdmissionCandidate =
+  | { kind: "NEW"; postVersionId: string }
+  | { kind: "UNFUNDED"; postVersionId: string; investigationId: string };
+
+/** Serializes budget checks across concurrent selector runs. */
+async function lockSelectorBudget(tx: Prisma.TransactionClient): Promise<void> {
+  await tx.$executeRaw`SELECT pg_advisory_xact_lock(hashtext('openerrata.selector_daily_budget')::bigint)`;
+}
+
+async function countSelectorAdmissionsSince(
+  db: PrismaClient | Prisma.TransactionClient,
+  dayStart: Date,
+): Promise<number> {
+  return db.investigation.count({
+    where: { origin: "SELECTOR", admittedAt: { gte: dayStart } },
+  });
+}
+
+async function recoverExpiredLeases(
+  prisma: PrismaClient,
+  failures: SelectorFailure[],
+): Promise<number> {
+  const expired = await prisma.investigationLease.findMany({
+    where: { leaseExpiresAt: { lte: new Date() } },
+    select: { investigationId: true },
+  });
+
+  let recovered = 0;
+  for (const { investigationId } of expired) {
+    try {
+      if (await recoverExpiredLease(prisma, investigationId)) {
+        recovered += 1;
+      }
+    } catch (error) {
+      failures.push({ stage: "RECOVER", subjectId: investigationId, error });
+    }
+  }
+  return recovered;
+}
+
+async function requeueDueFundedInvestigations(
+  prisma: PrismaClient,
+  failures: SelectorFailure[],
+): Promise<number> {
+  const due = await prisma.investigation.findMany({
+    where: {
+      status: "PENDING",
+      NOT: unfundedInvestigationWhere,
+      OR: [{ retryAfter: null }, { retryAfter: { lte: new Date() } }],
+    },
+    select: { id: true },
+  });
+
+  let requeued = 0;
+  for (const { id } of due) {
+    try {
+      await enqueueInvestigation(id);
+      requeued += 1;
+    } catch (error) {
+      failures.push({ stage: "REQUEUE", subjectId: id, error });
+    }
+  }
+  return requeued;
+}
+
+async function loadAdmissionCandidates(
+  prisma: PrismaClient,
+  limit: number,
+): Promise<AdmissionCandidate[]> {
+  const rows = await prisma.$queryRaw<
+    { postVersionId: string; unfundedInvestigationId: string | null }[]
   >`
     WITH latest_versions AS (
       SELECT DISTINCT ON (pv."postId")
         pv."id" AS "postVersionId",
         pv."postId",
-        pv."contentBlobId",
-        pv."lastSeenAt"
+        pv."contentBlobId"
       FROM "PostVersion" pv
       ORDER BY pv."postId", pv."lastSeenAt" DESC, pv."id" DESC
     )
     SELECT
       lv."postVersionId",
-      i."id" AS "investigationId",
-      i."status" AS "investigationStatus"
+      i."id" AS "unfundedInvestigationId"
     FROM latest_versions lv
-    JOIN "Post" p
-      ON p."id" = lv."postId"
-    JOIN "ContentBlob" cb
-      ON cb."id" = lv."contentBlobId"
-    LEFT JOIN "Investigation" i
-      ON i."postVersionId" = lv."postVersionId"
-    LEFT JOIN "InvestigationLease" il
-      ON il."investigationId" = i."id"
+    JOIN "Post" p ON p."id" = lv."postId"
+    JOIN "ContentBlob" cb ON cb."id" = lv."contentBlobId"
+    LEFT JOIN "Investigation" i ON i."postVersionId" = lv."postVersionId"
     WHERE cb."wordCount" <= ${WORD_COUNT_LIMIT}
       AND (
-      i."id" IS NULL
-      OR (i."status" = 'PENDING' AND (i."retryAfter" IS NULL OR i."retryAfter" <= NOW()))
-      OR (
-        i."status" = 'PROCESSING'
-        AND (il."investigationId" IS NULL OR il."leaseExpiresAt" <= NOW())
+        i."id" IS NULL
+        OR (
+          i."status" = 'PENDING'
+          AND i."origin" = 'USER_KEY_REQUEST'
+          AND NOT EXISTS (
+            SELECT 1 FROM "InvestigationOpenAiKeySource" ks WHERE ks."investigationId" = i."id"
+          )
+        )
       )
-    )
-    ORDER BY p."uniqueViewScore" DESC
-    LIMIT ${budget}
+    ORDER BY p."uniqueViewScore" DESC, lv."postVersionId"
+    LIMIT ${limit}
   `;
 
-  let enqueued = 0;
-  for (const candidate of candidates) {
-    const { enqueued: wasEnqueued } = await ensureInvestigationQueued({
-      prisma,
-      postVersionId: candidate.postVersionId,
-      promptId: prompt.id,
-      rejectOverWordLimitOnCreate: false,
+  return rows.map((row) =>
+    row.unfundedInvestigationId === null
+      ? { kind: "NEW", postVersionId: row.postVersionId }
+      : {
+          kind: "UNFUNDED",
+          postVersionId: row.postVersionId,
+          investigationId: row.unfundedInvestigationId,
+        },
+  );
+}
+
+/**
+ * Run `admit` in a transaction holding the selector budget lock, but only if
+ * fewer than `dailyBudget` SELECTOR admissions happened since `dayStart`.
+ * Returns null when the budget is spent or `admit` declined; a unique
+ * violation means a request or concurrent run admitted the version first.
+ */
+async function admitWithinDailyBudget(
+  prisma: PrismaClient,
+  budget: { dailyBudget: number; dayStart: Date },
+  admit: (tx: Prisma.TransactionClient, now: Date) => Promise<string | null>,
+): Promise<string | null> {
+  try {
+    return await prisma.$transaction(async (tx) => {
+      await lockSelectorBudget(tx);
+      if ((await countSelectorAdmissionsSince(tx, budget.dayStart)) >= budget.dailyBudget) {
+        return null;
+      }
+      return admit(tx, new Date());
     });
+  } catch (error) {
+    if (isUniqueConstraintError(error)) {
+      return null;
+    }
+    throw error;
+  }
+}
+
+/** Admit one candidate under the daily budget; returns the admitted investigation id. */
+async function admitCandidate(
+  prisma: PrismaClient,
+  input: { candidate: AdmissionCandidate; promptId: string; dailyBudget: number; dayStart: Date },
+): Promise<string | null> {
+  const { candidate } = input;
+  switch (candidate.kind) {
+    case "UNFUNDED":
+      return admitWithinDailyBudget(prisma, input, async (tx, now) =>
+        (await fundUnfundedInvestigation(tx, {
+          investigationId: candidate.investigationId,
+          funding: { origin: "SELECTOR" },
+          now,
+        }))
+          ? candidate.investigationId
+          : null,
+      );
+    case "NEW": {
+      const postVersion = await prisma.postVersion.findUniqueOrThrow({
+        where: { id: candidate.postVersionId },
+        select: { id: true, postId: true, contentBlob: { select: { contentText: true } } },
+      });
+      const lineage = await resolveUpdateLineage(prisma, {
+        id: postVersion.id,
+        postId: postVersion.postId,
+        contentText: postVersion.contentBlob.contentText,
+      });
+      const snapshot = await buildInvestigationInputSnapshot(prisma, postVersion.id);
+      return admitWithinDailyBudget(prisma, input, async (tx, now) => {
+        const created = await insertAdmittedInvestigation(tx, {
+          postVersionId: postVersion.id,
+          promptId: input.promptId,
+          funding: { origin: "SELECTOR" },
+          lineage,
+          snapshot,
+          now,
+        });
+        return created.id;
+      });
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+/** One selector pass; `dailyBudget` caps SELECTOR admissions per UTC day. */
+export async function runSelector(input: { dailyBudget: number }): Promise<SelectorRunSummary> {
+  const prisma = getPrisma();
+  const { dailyBudget } = input;
+  const failures: SelectorFailure[] = [];
+
+  const recovered = await recoverExpiredLeases(prisma, failures);
+  const requeued = await requeueDueFundedInvestigations(prisma, failures);
 
-    if (wasEnqueued) {
-      enqueued += 1;
+  const dayStart = startOfUtcDay(new Date());
+  const remainingAtStart = dailyBudget - (await countSelectorAdmissionsSince(prisma, dayStart));
+  let admitted = 0;
+  if (remainingAtStart > 0) {
+    const prompt = await getOrCreateCurrentPrompt();
+    const candidates = await loadAdmissionCandidates(prisma, remainingAtStart);
+    for (const candidate of candidates) {
+      try {
+        const investigationId = await admitCandidate(prisma, {
+          candidate,
+          promptId: prompt.id,
+          dailyBudget,
+          dayStart,
+        });
+        if (investigationId !== null) {
+          admitted += 1;
+          await enqueueInvestigation(investigationId);
+        }
+      } catch (error) {
+        failures.push({ stage: "ADMIT", subjectId: candidate.postVersionId, error });
+      }
     }
   }
 
-  return enqueued;
+  const budgetRemaining = Math.max(
+    0,
+    dailyBudget - (await countSelectorAdmissionsSince(prisma, dayStart)),
+  );
+  return { recovered, requeued, admitted, budgetRemaining, failures };
 }
diff --git a/src/typescript/api/src/lib/services/update-lineage.ts b/src/typescript/api/src/lib/services/update-lineage.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1678439
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/typescript/api/src/lib/services/update-lineage.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+/**
+ * Update lineage for new investigations (SPEC §2.4.3).
+ *
+ * When a post is edited and an earlier version already has a complete
+ * SERVER_VERIFIED investigation, the new investigation runs in update mode:
+ * it records that investigation as its parent and carries a line diff from the
+ * parent's text, so the prompt can keep unchanged claims stable. Every path
+ * that creates investigations (investigateNow and the selector) goes through
+ * here, so update-aware prompting does not depend on who queued the run.
+ */
+
+import type { DbClient } from "$lib/db/client";
+
+export interface UpdateLineage {
+  parentInvestigationId: string;
+  contentDiff: string;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Lineage for a new investigation of `postVersion`, or null when no other
+ * version of the post has a complete SERVER_VERIFIED investigation.
+ */
+export async function resolveUpdateLineage(
+  db: DbClient,
+  postVersion: { id: string; postId: string; contentText: string },
+): Promise<UpdateLineage | null> {
+  const parent = await db.investigation.findFirst({
+    where: {
+      status: "COMPLETE",
+      input: { provenance: "SERVER_VERIFIED" },
+      postVersion: { postId: postVersion.postId, id: { not: postVersion.id } },
+    },
+    orderBy: [{ checkedAt: "desc" }, { id: "desc" }],
+    select: {
+      id: true,
+      postVersion: { select: { contentBlob: { select: { contentText: true } } } },
+    },
+  });
+  if (parent === null) {
+    return null;
+  }
+
+  return {
+    parentInvestigationId: parent.id,
+    contentDiff: buildLineDiff(parent.postVersion.contentBlob.contentText, postVersion.contentText),
+  };
+}
+
+/**
+ * Deterministic line-oriented diff: the common prefix and suffix are trimmed
+ * and the differing middle is reported as removed and added lines.
+ */
+export function buildLineDiff(previous: string, current: string): string {
+  if (previous === current) {
+    return "No changes detected.";
+  }
+
+  const previousLines = previous.split("\n");
+  const currentLines = current.split("\n");
+  const maxStart = Math.min(previousLines.length, currentLines.length);
+  let start = 0;
+  while (start < maxStart && previousLines[start] === currentLines[start]) {
+    start += 1;
+  }
+
+  let previousEnd = previousLines.length;
+  let currentEnd = currentLines.length;
+  while (
+    previousEnd > start &&
+    currentEnd > start &&
+    previousLines[previousEnd - 1] === currentLines[currentEnd - 1]
+  ) {
+    previousEnd -= 1;
+    currentEnd -= 1;
+  }
+
+  const removed = previousLines.slice(start, previousEnd);
+  const added = currentLines.slice(start, currentEnd);
+
+  return [
+    "Diff summary (line context):",
+    "- Removed lines:",
+    removed.length > 0 ? removed.join("\n") : "(none)",
+    "+ Added lines:",
+    added.length > 0 ? added.join("\n") : "(none)",
+  ].join("\n");
+}
diff --git a/src/typescript/api/src/lib/services/user-key-source.ts b/src/typescript/api/src/lib/services/user-key-source.ts
index 55500a9..6b31710 100644
--- a/src/typescript/api/src/lib/services/user-key-source.ts
+++ b/src/typescript/api/src/lib/services/user-key-source.ts
@@ -1,7 +1,19 @@
+/**
+ * Request-scoped user OpenAI keys (SPEC §2.2.6, §3.7).
+ *
+ * A user key funds only an investigation its own request admits. It is
+ * verified with OpenAI before it is attached to anything, stored encrypted
+ * with a short TTL on InvestigationOpenAiKeySource, and deleted on every
+ * terminal transition — or as soon as it turns out to be unusable, in which
+ * case the investigation becomes unfunded rather than FAILED.
+ */
+
 import { createCipheriv, createDecipheriv, createHash, randomBytes } from "node:crypto";
-import { isUniqueConstraintError } from "$lib/db/errors.js";
-import type { Prisma, PrismaClient } from "$lib/db/prisma-client";
+import type { DbClient } from "$lib/db/client";
+import type { InvestigationOrigin, Prisma } from "$lib/db/prisma-client";
 import { getDatabaseEncryptionConfig } from "$lib/config/env.js";
+import type { OpenAiKeyValidationStatusOutcome } from "./openai-key-validation-core.js";
+import { validateOpenAiApiKeyForSettings } from "./openai-key-validation.js";
 
 const OPENAI_KEY_SOURCE_TTL_MS = 30 * 60 * 1000;
 const AES_GCM_IV_BYTES = 12;
@@ -64,56 +76,47 @@ function decryptOpenAiKey(input: {
   return decrypted.toString("utf8");
 }
 
-type AttachOpenAiKeySourceResult =
-  | "ATTACHED"
-  | "ALREADY_ATTACHED"
-  | "NOT_PENDING"
-  | "MISSING_INVESTIGATION";
-
-export async function attachOpenAiKeySourceIfPending(
-  prisma: PrismaClient,
-  input: {
-    investigationId: string;
-    openAiApiKey: string;
-  },
-): Promise<AttachOpenAiKeySourceResult> {
-  const encrypted = encryptOpenAiKey(input.openAiApiKey);
-  const expiresAt = new Date(Date.now() + OPENAI_KEY_SOURCE_TTL_MS);
+declare const verifiedOpenAiApiKeyBrand: unique symbol;
 
-  try {
-    return await prisma.$transaction(async (tx) => {
-      const investigation = await tx.investigation.findUnique({
-        where: { id: input.investigationId },
-        select: { id: true, status: true },
-      });
-      if (!investigation) return "MISSING_INVESTIGATION";
-      if (investigation.status !== "PENDING") return "NOT_PENDING";
-
-      const existing = await tx.investigationOpenAiKeySource.findUnique({
-        where: { investigationId: input.investigationId },
-        select: { investigationId: true },
-      });
-      if (existing) return "ALREADY_ATTACHED";
-
-      await tx.investigationOpenAiKeySource.create({
-        data: {
-          investigationId: input.investigationId,
-          ciphertext: encrypted.ciphertext,
-          iv: encrypted.iv,
-          authTag: encrypted.authTag,
-          keyId: encrypted.keyId,
-          expiresAt,
-        },
-      });
-      return "ATTACHED";
-    });
-  } catch (error) {
-    if (!isUniqueConstraintError(error)) throw error;
-    return "ALREADY_ATTACHED";
+/** A user OpenAI key that OpenAI accepted moments ago. Only `verifyUserOpenAiApiKey` makes one. */
+export type VerifiedOpenAiApiKey = string & { readonly [verifiedOpenAiApiKeyBrand]: true };
+
+export type UserOpenAiKeyVerification =
+  | { verified: true; apiKey: VerifiedOpenAiApiKey }
+  | {
+      verified: false;
+      outcome: Exclude<OpenAiKeyValidationStatusOutcome, { openaiApiKeyStatus: "valid" }>;
+    };
+
+/** Ask OpenAI whether `apiKey` works before letting it fund anything. */
+export async function verifyUserOpenAiApiKey(apiKey: string): Promise<UserOpenAiKeyVerification> {
+  const outcome = await validateOpenAiApiKeyForSettings(apiKey);
+  if (outcome.openaiApiKeyStatus !== "valid") {
+    return { verified: false, outcome };
   }
+  // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-unsafe-type-assertion -- branded only after OpenAI accepted the key above
+  return { verified: true, apiKey: apiKey as VerifiedOpenAiApiKey };
 }
 
-type InvestigationKeyResolution =
+/** Store `apiKey` (encrypted, short-lived) as the funding source of `investigationId`. */
+export async function attachOpenAiKeySource(
+  tx: Prisma.TransactionClient,
+  input: { investigationId: string; apiKey: VerifiedOpenAiApiKey; now: Date },
+): Promise<void> {
+  const encrypted = encryptOpenAiKey(input.apiKey);
+  await tx.investigationOpenAiKeySource.create({
+    data: {
+      investigationId: input.investigationId,
+      ciphertext: encrypted.ciphertext,
+      iv: encrypted.iv,
+      authTag: encrypted.authTag,
+      keyId: encrypted.keyId,
+      expiresAt: new Date(input.now.getTime() + OPENAI_KEY_SOURCE_TTL_MS),
+    },
+  });
+}
+
+export type InvestigationKeyResolution =
   | { type: "SERVER_KEY" }
   | { type: "USER_OPENAI_KEY"; apiKey: string };
 
@@ -131,12 +134,22 @@ export class InvalidOpenAiKeySourceError extends Error {
   }
 }
 
+/**
+ * The key a worker must use for `investigation`: the server key for SELECTOR
+ * and INSTANCE_REQUEST admissions, the attached user key for USER_KEY_REQUEST.
+ * A user-key investigation never falls back to the server key — a missing,
+ * expired or undecryptable key source throws, and the caller drops the key.
+ */
 export async function resolveInvestigationKey(
-  prisma: PrismaClient,
-  investigationId: string,
+  db: DbClient,
+  investigation: { id: string; origin: InvestigationOrigin },
 ): Promise<InvestigationKeyResolution> {
-  const keySource = await prisma.investigationOpenAiKeySource.findUnique({
-    where: { investigationId },
+  if (investigation.origin !== "USER_KEY_REQUEST") {
+    return { type: "SERVER_KEY" };
+  }
+
+  const keySource = await db.investigationOpenAiKeySource.findUnique({
+    where: { investigationId: investigation.id },
     select: {
       keyId: true,
       ciphertext: true,
@@ -145,22 +158,25 @@ export async function resolveInvestigationKey(
       expiresAt: true,
     },
   });
-  if (!keySource) return { type: "SERVER_KEY" };
+  if (keySource === null) {
+    throw new InvalidOpenAiKeySourceError(investigation.id, "no key source is attached");
+  }
 
   if (keySource.expiresAt.getTime() <= Date.now()) {
-    throw new ExpiredOpenAiKeySourceError(investigationId);
+    throw new ExpiredOpenAiKeySourceError(investigation.id);
   }
 
+  let apiKey: string;
   try {
-    const apiKey = decryptOpenAiKey(keySource);
-    if (apiKey.trim().length === 0) {
-      throw new Error("decrypted key was empty");
-    }
-    return { type: "USER_OPENAI_KEY", apiKey };
+    apiKey = decryptOpenAiKey(keySource);
   } catch (error) {
     const reason = error instanceof Error ? error.message : String(error);
-    throw new InvalidOpenAiKeySourceError(investigationId, reason);
+    throw new InvalidOpenAiKeySourceError(investigation.id, reason);
+  }
+  if (apiKey.trim().length === 0) {
+    throw new InvalidOpenAiKeySourceError(investigation.id, "decrypted key was empty");
   }
+  return { type: "USER_OPENAI_KEY", apiKey };
 }
 
 export async function consumeOpenAiKeySource(
diff --git a/src/typescript/api/src/lib/services/view-credit.ts b/src/typescript/api/src/lib/services/view-credit.ts
index e17e2f3..b03ad39 100644
--- a/src/typescript/api/src/lib/services/view-credit.ts
+++ b/src/typescript/api/src/lib/services/view-credit.ts
@@ -1,13 +1,8 @@
 import { getIpRangeCreditCap } from "$lib/config/runtime.js";
+import { startOfUtcDay } from "$lib/date.js";
 import { isUniqueConstraintError } from "$lib/db/errors.js";
 import type { PrismaClient } from "$lib/db/prisma-client";
 
-function startOfUTCDay(date: Date): Date {
-  const dayStart = new Date(date);
-  dayStart.setUTCHours(0, 0, 0, 0);
-  return dayStart;
-}
-
 export async function maybeIncrementUniqueViewScore(
   prisma: PrismaClient,
   postId: string,
@@ -15,7 +10,7 @@ export async function maybeIncrementUniqueViewScore(
   ipRangeKey: string,
 ): Promise<boolean> {
   const ipRangeCreditCap = getIpRangeCreditCap();
-  const bucketDay = startOfUTCDay(new Date());
+  const bucketDay = startOfUtcDay(new Date());
 
   return prisma.$transaction(async (tx) => {
     // Serialize per-post view-credit updates so cap checks stay consistent
diff --git a/src/typescript/api/src/lib/services/wikipedia-content-filter.ts b/src/typescript/api/src/lib/services/wikipedia-content-filter.ts
index 1541318..41feaa3 100644
--- a/src/typescript/api/src/lib/services/wikipedia-content-filter.ts
+++ b/src/typescript/api/src/lib/services/wikipedia-content-filter.ts
@@ -3,15 +3,15 @@ import {
   effectiveHeadingText,
   headingLevelFromTag,
   isExcludedWikipediaSectionTitle,
-  normalizeWikipediaSectionTitle,
   shouldExcludeWikipediaElement,
   type WikipediaHeadingLevelDescriptor,
   type WikipediaNodeDescriptor,
 } from "@openerrata/shared";
 import { parseFragment, serialize, type DefaultTreeAdapterMap } from "parse5";
 
-export type Parse5Node = DefaultTreeAdapterMap["node"];
-export type Parse5NodeFilter = (node: Parse5Node) => "include" | "skip";
+type Parse5Node = DefaultTreeAdapterMap["node"];
+/** Decides, per node of a fragment visited in document order, whether its subtree is kept. */
+export type Parse5NodeFilter = (node: DefaultTreeAdapterMap["childNode"]) => "include" | "skip";
 
 export function isElementNode(node: Parse5Node): node is DefaultTreeAdapterMap["element"] {
   return "tagName" in node;
@@ -103,57 +103,73 @@ function shouldSkipWikipediaElement(node: DefaultTreeAdapterMap["element"]): boo
   return shouldExcludeWikipediaElement({
     tagName: node.tagName,
     classTokens: classTokens(node),
+    role: attrValue(node, "role"),
   });
 }
 
 /**
- * Creates a stateful node filter for Wikipedia content extraction and rendering.
+ * Creates a stateful node filter for Wikipedia content extraction and rendering,
+ * for nodes visited in document order (pre-order, skipped subtrees not entered).
  *
  * This handles:
- * - section-level exclusion (e.g. "References", "External links")
- * - element-level exclusion (e.g. citation superscripts, edit links)
- * - text-node suppression while inside an excluded section
+ * - element-level exclusion (e.g. citation superscripts, edit links, navboxes)
+ * - section-level exclusion (e.g. "References", "External links"): an excluded
+ *   heading (or its Parsoid `div.mw-heading` wrapper) and its following
+ *   siblings, up to the next sibling heading of the same or a higher level —
+ *   the extension's rule too (`sectionElements` in its Wikipedia adapter).
+ *   Being sibling-based, it holds for flat Parse API output and for read views
+ *   that nest each section in a `<section>` element alike.
  */
 export function createWikipediaNodeFilter(): Parse5NodeFilter {
-  let skipSectionLevel: number | null = null;
-
-  return (node: Parse5Node): "include" | "skip" => {
-    if (isElementNode(node)) {
-      const classTokenValues = classTokens(node);
-      const firstChildHeadingNode = firstDirectChildHeadingNode(node);
-      const nodeHeadingLevel = effectiveHeadingLevel(
-        toHeadingLevelDescriptor(node, classTokenValues, firstChildHeadingNode),
-      );
-      if (nodeHeadingLevel !== null) {
-        if (skipSectionLevel !== null && nodeHeadingLevel <= skipSectionLevel) {
-          skipSectionLevel = null;
-        }
-
-        const headingText = normalizeWikipediaSectionTitle(
-          effectiveHeadingText(toNodeDescriptor(node, classTokenValues, firstChildHeadingNode)),
-        );
-        if (isExcludedWikipediaSectionTitle(headingText)) {
-          skipSectionLevel = nodeHeadingLevel;
-          return "skip";
-        }
-      }
+  let excludedSection: {
+    parent: DefaultTreeAdapterMap["parentNode"] | null;
+    level: number;
+  } | null = null;
+
+  return (node) => {
+    // Pre-order traversal reaches a node outside the section's parent only
+    // once it has left that parent for good.
+    if (excludedSection !== null && node.parentNode !== excludedSection.parent) {
+      excludedSection = null;
+    }
 
-      if (skipSectionLevel !== null || shouldSkipWikipediaElement(node)) {
+    const headingLevel = isElementNode(node) ? headingLevelOf(node) : null;
+    if (excludedSection !== null) {
+      if (headingLevel === null || headingLevel > excludedSection.level) {
         return "skip";
       }
+      excludedSection = null;
+    }
 
+    if (!isElementNode(node)) {
       return "include";
     }
-
-    // Text nodes: suppress when inside an excluded section.
-    if (skipSectionLevel !== null) {
+    if (shouldSkipWikipediaElement(node)) {
+      return "skip";
+    }
+    if (headingLevel !== null && hasExcludedSectionTitle(node)) {
+      excludedSection = { parent: node.parentNode, level: headingLevel };
       return "skip";
     }
-
     return "include";
   };
 }
 
+/** The level of the section `node` opens (a heading or Parsoid heading wrapper), or null. */
+function headingLevelOf(node: DefaultTreeAdapterMap["element"]): number | null {
+  return effectiveHeadingLevel(
+    toHeadingLevelDescriptor(node, classTokens(node), firstDirectChildHeadingNode(node)),
+  );
+}
+
+/** Whether the heading (or heading wrapper) `node` titles an excluded section. */
+function hasExcludedSectionTitle(node: DefaultTreeAdapterMap["element"]): boolean {
+  const headingText = effectiveHeadingText(
+    toNodeDescriptor(node, classTokens(node), firstDirectChildHeadingNode(node)),
+  );
+  return isExcludedWikipediaSectionTitle(headingText);
+}
+
 /**
  * Strip excluded Wikipedia sections/elements from a parse5 tree in place.
  */
diff --git a/src/typescript/api/src/lib/services/word-count.ts b/src/typescript/api/src/lib/services/word-count.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..09a4476
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/typescript/api/src/lib/services/word-count.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+/**
+ * Whitespace-delimited word count stored on ContentBlob and compared against
+ * WORD_COUNT_LIMIT by investigateNow and the selector (SPEC §2.4).
+ */
+export function wordCount(text: string): number {
+  return text.split(/\s+/).filter(Boolean).length;
+}
diff --git a/src/typescript/api/src/lib/services/worker-runner.ts b/src/typescript/api/src/lib/services/worker-runner.ts
index ef083fa..d0b42e3 100644
--- a/src/typescript/api/src/lib/services/worker-runner.ts
+++ b/src/typescript/api/src/lib/services/worker-runner.ts
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import { run } from "graphile-worker";
 import { getEnv } from "$lib/config/env.js";
 import { normalizePgConnectionStringForNode } from "$lib/db/connection-string.js";
+import { createOpenAIInvestigator } from "$lib/investigators/openai.js";
 import { orchestrateInvestigation } from "./orchestrator.js";
 
 function isInvestigatePayload(payload: unknown): payload is { investigationId: string } {
@@ -23,6 +24,7 @@ export async function startWorker(): Promise<void> {
 
         await orchestrateInvestigation(payload.investigationId, helpers.logger, {
           workerIdentity: `worker-job-${helpers.job.id}`,
+          createInvestigator: createOpenAIInvestigator,
         });
       },
     },
diff --git a/src/typescript/api/src/lib/trpc/context.ts b/src/typescript/api/src/lib/trpc/context.ts
index 31aff29..e3d4575 100644
--- a/src/typescript/api/src/lib/trpc/context.ts
+++ b/src/typescript/api/src/lib/trpc/context.ts
@@ -1,13 +1,16 @@
 import { getPrisma, type PrismaClient } from "$lib/db/client";
-import { getEnv, MINIMUM_SUPPORTED_EXTENSION_VERSION } from "$lib/config/env.js";
+import { MINIMUM_SUPPORTED_EXTENSION_VERSION } from "$lib/config/env.js";
 import { hashContent, trimToOptionalNonEmpty } from "@openerrata/shared";
-import { verifyHmac } from "$lib/services/hmac.js";
 import { deriveIpRangePrefix } from "$lib/network/ip.js";
 import { findActiveInstanceApiKeyHash } from "$lib/services/instance-api-key.js";
 import { deriveRequestIdentity } from "$lib/services/request-identity.js";
 
 export interface RequestEventLike {
   request: Request;
+  /**
+   * The client's IP address. Behind the chart's ingress this comes from the
+   * proxy header named by ADDRESS_HEADER (see startup checks), not the socket.
+   */
   getClientAddress: () => string;
 }
 
@@ -17,9 +20,8 @@ export interface Context {
   viewerKey: string;
   ipRangeKey: string;
   isAuthenticated: boolean;
-  canInvestigate: boolean;
+  /** Request-scoped user OpenAI key as sent (`x-openai-api-key`); not yet verified. */
   userOpenAiApiKey: string | null;
-  hasValidAttestation: boolean;
   extensionVersion: string | null;
   minimumSupportedExtensionVersion: string;
 }
@@ -32,13 +34,10 @@ export async function createContext(event: RequestEventLike): Promise<Context> {
       userAgent: event.request.headers.get("user-agent") ?? "",
       instanceApiKey: event.request.headers.get("x-api-key"),
       userOpenAiApiKey: event.request.headers.get("x-openai-api-key"),
-      attestationSignature: event.request.headers.get("x-openerrata-signature"),
-      attestationBody: await readRequestBody(event),
     },
     {
       hashContent,
       deriveIpRangePrefix,
-      verifyHmac: (body, signature) => verifyHmac(getEnv().HMAC_SECRET, body, signature),
       findActiveInstanceApiKeyHash: async (apiKey) => findActiveInstanceApiKeyHash(prisma, apiKey),
     },
   );
@@ -49,19 +48,9 @@ export async function createContext(event: RequestEventLike): Promise<Context> {
     viewerKey: identity.viewerKey,
     ipRangeKey: identity.ipRangeKey,
     isAuthenticated: identity.isAuthenticated,
-    canInvestigate: identity.canInvestigate,
     userOpenAiApiKey: identity.userOpenAiApiKey,
-    hasValidAttestation: identity.hasValidAttestation,
     extensionVersion:
       trimToOptionalNonEmpty(event.request.headers.get("x-openerrata-extension-version")) ?? null,
     minimumSupportedExtensionVersion: MINIMUM_SUPPORTED_EXTENSION_VERSION,
   };
 }
-
-async function readRequestBody(event: RequestEventLike): Promise<string | null> {
-  try {
-    return await event.request.clone().text();
-  } catch {
-    return null;
-  }
-}
diff --git a/src/typescript/api/src/lib/trpc/router.ts b/src/typescript/api/src/lib/trpc/router.ts
index de35d88..5cde4d0 100644
--- a/src/typescript/api/src/lib/trpc/router.ts
+++ b/src/typescript/api/src/lib/trpc/router.ts
@@ -1,12 +1,11 @@
 import { router } from "./init.js";
 import { postRouter } from "./routes/post.js";
-import { publicRouter } from "./routes/public.js";
 import type { EXTENSION_TRPC_PATH, ExtensionApiProcedureContract } from "@openerrata/shared";
 import type { inferRouterInputs, inferRouterOutputs } from "@trpc/server";
 
+/** Extension-facing RPC. Public read access is GraphQL only (SPEC §3.4). */
 export const appRouter = router({
   post: postRouter,
-  public: publicRouter,
 });
 
 type IsExactly<A, B> = [A] extends [B] ? ([B] extends [A] ? true : never) : never;
diff --git a/src/typescript/api/src/lib/trpc/routes/post.ts b/src/typescript/api/src/lib/trpc/routes/post.ts
index 1e484b1..4d4b2e9 100644
--- a/src/typescript/api/src/lib/trpc/routes/post.ts
+++ b/src/typescript/api/src/lib/trpc/routes/post.ts
@@ -20,46 +20,31 @@ import {
   batchStatusInputSchema,
   batchStatusOutputSchema,
   settingsValidationOutputSchema,
-  contentProvenanceSchema,
   isExtensionVersionAtLeast,
-  type ContentProvenance,
   type ExtensionRuntimeErrorCode,
   type Platform,
 } from "@openerrata/shared";
 import { getOrCreateCurrentPrompt } from "$lib/services/prompt.js";
 import { TRPCError } from "@trpc/server";
-
-/** Parse provenance from required InvestigationInput snapshots. */
-function parseProvenance(input: {
-  investigationId: string;
-  snapshot: { provenance: string } | null;
-}): ContentProvenance {
-  if (input.snapshot === null) {
-    throw new TRPCError({
-      code: "INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR",
-      message: `Investigation ${input.investigationId} has no InvestigationInput snapshot`,
-    });
-  }
-  return contentProvenanceSchema.parse(input.snapshot.provenance);
-}
-import { InvestigationWordLimitError } from "$lib/services/investigation-lifecycle.js";
+import {
+  InvestigationWordLimitError,
+  requestInvestigation,
+  UserOpenAiKeyRejectedError,
+  type InvestigationRequester,
+} from "$lib/services/investigate-now.js";
 import { maybeIncrementUniqueViewScore } from "$lib/services/view-credit.js";
-import { attachOpenAiKeySourceIfPending } from "$lib/services/user-key-source.js";
 import { validateOpenAiApiKeyForSettings } from "$lib/services/openai-key-validation.js";
 import { registerObservedVersion, findPostVersionById } from "./post/content-storage.js";
 import {
   loadInvestigationWithClaims,
-  findCompletedInvestigationByPostVersionId,
-  findLatestServerVerifiedCompleteInvestigationForPost,
-  selectSourceInvestigationForUpdate,
-  toPriorInvestigationResult,
+  findCarriedForwardClaims,
   formatClaims,
-  ensureInvestigationsWithUpdateMetadata,
   maybeRecordCorroboration,
   unreachableInvestigationStatus,
   requireCompleteCheckedAtIso,
   prismaInvestigationRepository,
   parseProgressClaims,
+  type InvestigationRepository,
 } from "./post/investigation-queries.js";
 
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -123,6 +108,107 @@ function assertSupportedExtensionVersion(input: {
   });
 }
 
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// investigateNow funding
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+/**
+ * Who would pay for a run this investigateNow admits: the request's own
+ * OpenAI key when it sends one, otherwise the instance key it authenticated
+ * with. Requests with neither cannot ask for investigations.
+ */
+function investigationRequester(ctx: {
+  isAuthenticated: boolean;
+  userOpenAiApiKey: string | null;
+}): InvestigationRequester {
+  if (ctx.userOpenAiApiKey !== null) {
+    return { kind: "USER_OPENAI_KEY", apiKey: ctx.userOpenAiApiKey };
+  }
+  if (ctx.isAuthenticated) {
+    return { kind: "INSTANCE_API_KEY" };
+  }
+  throw new TRPCError({
+    code: "UNAUTHORIZED",
+    message: "Valid API key or x-openai-api-key required for investigateNow",
+  });
+}
+
+function userOpenAiKeyRejectedError(error: UserOpenAiKeyRejectedError): TRPCError {
+  const { outcome } = error;
+  switch (outcome.openaiApiKeyStatus) {
+    case "missing":
+      return new TRPCError({ code: "UNAUTHORIZED", message: "x-openai-api-key is empty" });
+    case "format_invalid":
+    case "invalid":
+      return new TRPCError({
+        code: "UNAUTHORIZED",
+        message: `x-openai-api-key was rejected: ${outcome.openaiApiKeyMessage}`,
+      });
+    case "authenticated_restricted":
+      return new TRPCError({
+        code: "FORBIDDEN",
+        message: `x-openai-api-key cannot run investigations: ${outcome.openaiApiKeyMessage}`,
+      });
+    case "error":
+      return new TRPCError({
+        code: "BAD_GATEWAY",
+        message: `Could not verify x-openai-api-key with OpenAI: ${outcome.openaiApiKeyMessage}`,
+      });
+  }
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Investigation status projection
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+type LoadedInvestigation = NonNullable<Awaited<ReturnType<typeof loadInvestigationWithClaims>>>;
+
+/**
+ * Client-facing status of one investigation. Shared by `recordViewAndGetStatus`
+ * (lookup by post version) and `getInvestigation` (lookup by id) so a viewer
+ * sees the same projection — including live progress claims and the interim
+ * claims carried forward to the version (spec §2.8) — however the
+ * investigation was found.
+ */
+async function projectInvestigationStatus(
+  repo: InvestigationRepository,
+  investigation: LoadedInvestigation,
+) {
+  const provenance = investigation.input.provenance;
+
+  switch (investigation.status) {
+    case "COMPLETE":
+      return {
+        investigationState: "INVESTIGATED" as const,
+        provenance,
+        claims: formatClaims(investigation.claims),
+      };
+    case "PENDING":
+    case "PROCESSING": {
+      const progress = parseProgressClaims(investigation.lease?.progressClaims ?? null);
+      return {
+        investigationState: "INVESTIGATING" as const,
+        status: investigation.status,
+        provenance,
+        pendingClaims: progress.pendingClaims,
+        confirmedClaims: progress.confirmedClaims,
+        priorInvestigationResult: await findCarriedForwardClaims(repo, {
+          id: investigation.postVersion.id,
+          postId: investigation.postVersion.postId,
+          contentText: investigation.postVersion.contentBlob.contentText,
+        }),
+      };
+    }
+    case "FAILED":
+      return {
+        investigationState: "FAILED" as const,
+        provenance,
+      };
+    default:
+      return unreachableInvestigationStatus(investigation.status);
+  }
+}
+
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 // Router
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -154,10 +240,10 @@ export const postRouter = router({
     .mutation(async ({ input, ctx }) => {
       const postVersion = await findPostVersionById(ctx.prisma, input.postVersionId);
       if (postVersion === null) {
-        return {
-          investigationState: "NOT_INVESTIGATED" as const,
-          priorInvestigationResult: null,
-        };
+        throw new TRPCError({
+          code: "BAD_REQUEST",
+          message: "Unknown post version",
+        });
       }
 
       await ctx.prisma.post.update({
@@ -175,42 +261,32 @@ export const postRouter = router({
         ctx.ipRangeKey,
       );
 
-      await maybeRecordCorroboration(
-        prismaInvestigationRepository(ctx.prisma),
-        postVersion.id,
-        ctx.viewerKey,
-        ctx.isAuthenticated,
-      );
+      const repo = prismaInvestigationRepository(ctx.prisma);
+      await maybeRecordCorroboration(repo, postVersion.id, ctx.viewerKey, ctx.isAuthenticated);
 
-      const complete = await findCompletedInvestigationByPostVersionId(
-        prismaInvestigationRepository(ctx.prisma),
-        postVersion.id,
-      );
-
-      if (complete) {
+      // At most one investigation exists per post version (spec §3.5). If it
+      // exists in any state, report that state with its id: a viewer of a post
+      // someone else (or the selector) queued must be able to poll it.
+      const existing = await ctx.prisma.investigation.findUnique({
+        where: { postVersionId: postVersion.id },
+        select: { id: true },
+      });
+      const investigation =
+        existing === null ? null : await loadInvestigationWithClaims(repo, existing.id);
+      if (investigation !== null) {
         return {
-          investigationState: "INVESTIGATED" as const,
-          provenance: parseProvenance({
-            investigationId: complete.id,
-            snapshot: complete.input,
-          }),
-          claims: formatClaims(complete.claims),
+          investigationId: investigation.id,
+          ...(await projectInvestigationStatus(repo, investigation)),
         };
       }
 
-      const latestServerVerifiedSource = await findLatestServerVerifiedCompleteInvestigationForPost(
-        prismaInvestigationRepository(ctx.prisma),
-        postVersion.post.id,
-      );
-
-      const sourceInvestigation = selectSourceInvestigationForUpdate(
-        latestServerVerifiedSource,
-        postVersion.id,
-      );
-
       return {
         investigationState: "NOT_INVESTIGATED" as const,
-        priorInvestigationResult: toPriorInvestigationResult(sourceInvestigation),
+        priorInvestigationResult: await findCarriedForwardClaims(repo, {
+          id: postVersion.id,
+          postId: postVersion.post.id,
+          contentText: postVersion.contentBlob.contentText,
+        }),
       };
     }),
 
@@ -218,10 +294,8 @@ export const postRouter = router({
     .input(getInvestigationInputSchema)
     .output(getInvestigationOutputSchema)
     .query(async ({ input, ctx }) => {
-      const investigation = await loadInvestigationWithClaims(
-        prismaInvestigationRepository(ctx.prisma),
-        input.investigationId,
-      );
+      const repo = prismaInvestigationRepository(ctx.prisma);
+      const investigation = await loadInvestigationWithClaims(repo, input.investigationId);
 
       if (!investigation) {
         return {
@@ -230,60 +304,21 @@ export const postRouter = router({
         };
       }
 
-      const provenance = parseProvenance({
-        investigationId: investigation.id,
-        snapshot: investigation.input,
-      });
-
-      switch (investigation.status) {
-        case "COMPLETE":
-          return {
-            investigationState: "INVESTIGATED" as const,
-            provenance,
-            claims: formatClaims(investigation.claims),
-            checkedAt: requireCompleteCheckedAtIso(investigation.id, investigation.checkedAt),
-          };
-        case "PENDING":
-        case "PROCESSING": {
-          const progress = parseProgressClaims(investigation.lease?.progressClaims ?? null);
-          return {
-            investigationState: "INVESTIGATING" as const,
-            status: investigation.status,
-            provenance,
-            pendingClaims: progress.pendingClaims,
-            confirmedClaims: progress.confirmedClaims,
-            priorInvestigationResult:
-              investigation.parentInvestigation !== null &&
-              investigation.parentInvestigation.status === "COMPLETE"
-                ? {
-                    oldClaims: formatClaims(investigation.parentInvestigation.claims),
-                    sourceInvestigationId: investigation.parentInvestigation.id,
-                  }
-                : null,
-            checkedAt: investigation.checkedAt?.toISOString(),
-          };
-        }
-        case "FAILED":
-          return {
-            investigationState: "FAILED" as const,
-            provenance,
-            checkedAt: investigation.checkedAt?.toISOString(),
-          };
-        default:
-          return unreachableInvestigationStatus(investigation.status);
+      const status = await projectInvestigationStatus(repo, investigation);
+      if (status.investigationState === "INVESTIGATED") {
+        return {
+          ...status,
+          checkedAt: requireCompleteCheckedAtIso(investigation.id, investigation.checkedAt),
+        };
       }
+      return status;
     }),
 
   investigateNow: extensionProcedure
     .input(investigateNowInputSchema)
     .output(investigateNowOutputSchema)
     .mutation(async ({ input, ctx }) => {
-      if (!ctx.canInvestigate) {
-        throw new TRPCError({
-          code: "UNAUTHORIZED",
-          message: "Valid API key or x-openai-api-key required for investigateNow",
-        });
-      }
+      const requester = investigationRequester(ctx);
 
       const postVersion = await findPostVersionById(ctx.prisma, input.postVersionId);
       if (postVersion === null) {
@@ -293,84 +328,14 @@ export const postRouter = router({
         });
       }
 
-      const complete = await findCompletedInvestigationByPostVersionId(
-        prismaInvestigationRepository(ctx.prisma),
-        postVersion.id,
-      );
-      if (complete) {
-        return {
-          investigationId: complete.id,
-          status: complete.status,
-          provenance: parseProvenance({
-            investigationId: complete.id,
-            snapshot: complete.input,
-          }),
-          claims: formatClaims(complete.claims),
-        };
-      }
-
-      const latestServerVerifiedSource = await findLatestServerVerifiedCompleteInvestigationForPost(
-        prismaInvestigationRepository(ctx.prisma),
-        postVersion.post.id,
-      );
-
-      const sourceInvestigation = selectSourceInvestigationForUpdate(
-        latestServerVerifiedSource,
-        postVersion.id,
-      );
-
       const prompt = await getOrCreateCurrentPrompt();
+      let investigationId: string;
       try {
-        const { investigation } = await ensureInvestigationsWithUpdateMetadata({
-          prisma: ctx.prisma,
+        ({ investigationId } = await requestInvestigation(ctx.prisma, {
           postVersion,
           promptId: prompt.id,
-          sourceInvestigation,
-          onPendingInvestigation: async ({ prisma, investigation: pendingInvestigation }) => {
-            if (ctx.userOpenAiApiKey === null) return;
-            await attachOpenAiKeySourceIfPending(prisma, {
-              investigationId: pendingInvestigation.id,
-              openAiApiKey: ctx.userOpenAiApiKey,
-            });
-          },
-        });
-
-        const loadedInvestigation = await loadInvestigationWithClaims(
-          prismaInvestigationRepository(ctx.prisma),
-          investigation.id,
-        );
-        if (!loadedInvestigation) {
-          throw new TRPCError({
-            code: "INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR",
-            message: `Investigation ${investigation.id} disappeared after ensureInvestigationsWithUpdateMetadata`,
-          });
-        }
-
-        const provenance = parseProvenance({
-          investigationId: loadedInvestigation.id,
-          snapshot: loadedInvestigation.input,
-        });
-
-        switch (loadedInvestigation.status) {
-          case "COMPLETE": {
-            return {
-              investigationId: loadedInvestigation.id,
-              status: loadedInvestigation.status,
-              provenance,
-              claims: formatClaims(loadedInvestigation.claims),
-            };
-          }
-          case "PENDING":
-          case "PROCESSING":
-          case "FAILED":
-            return {
-              investigationId: loadedInvestigation.id,
-              status: loadedInvestigation.status,
-              provenance,
-            };
-          default:
-            return unreachableInvestigationStatus(loadedInvestigation.status);
-        }
+          requester,
+        }));
       } catch (error) {
         if (error instanceof InvestigationWordLimitError) {
           throw new TRPCError({
@@ -378,8 +343,43 @@ export const postRouter = router({
             message: error.message,
           });
         }
+        if (error instanceof UserOpenAiKeyRejectedError) {
+          throw userOpenAiKeyRejectedError(error);
+        }
         throw error;
       }
+
+      const investigation = await loadInvestigationWithClaims(
+        prismaInvestigationRepository(ctx.prisma),
+        investigationId,
+      );
+      if (!investigation) {
+        throw new TRPCError({
+          code: "INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR",
+          message: `Investigation ${investigationId} disappeared after investigateNow`,
+        });
+      }
+
+      const provenance = investigation.input.provenance;
+      switch (investigation.status) {
+        case "COMPLETE":
+          return {
+            investigationId: investigation.id,
+            status: investigation.status,
+            provenance,
+            claims: formatClaims(investigation.claims),
+          };
+        case "PENDING":
+        case "PROCESSING":
+        case "FAILED":
+          return {
+            investigationId: investigation.id,
+            status: investigation.status,
+            provenance,
+          };
+        default:
+          return unreachableInvestigationStatus(investigation.status);
+      }
     }),
 
   validateSettings: extensionProcedure
@@ -400,39 +400,37 @@ export const postRouter = router({
       const lookupKey = (platform: Platform, externalId: string, versionHash: string): string =>
         `${platform}:${externalId}:${versionHash}`;
 
-      const versions =
-        input.posts.length === 0
-          ? []
-          : await ctx.prisma.postVersion.findMany({
-              where: {
-                OR: input.posts.map((post) => ({
-                  versionHash: post.versionHash,
-                  post: {
-                    platform: post.platform,
-                    externalId: post.externalId,
-                  },
-                })),
-              },
-              select: {
-                versionHash: true,
-                post: {
-                  select: {
-                    platform: true,
-                    externalId: true,
-                  },
-                },
-                investigation: {
-                  select: {
-                    status: true,
-                    _count: {
-                      select: {
-                        claims: true,
-                      },
-                    },
-                  },
+      // batchStatusInputSchema requires at least one post.
+      const versions = await ctx.prisma.postVersion.findMany({
+        where: {
+          OR: input.posts.map((post) => ({
+            versionHash: post.versionHash,
+            post: {
+              platform: post.platform,
+              externalId: post.externalId,
+            },
+          })),
+        },
+        select: {
+          versionHash: true,
+          post: {
+            select: {
+              platform: true,
+              externalId: true,
+            },
+          },
+          investigation: {
+            select: {
+              status: true,
+              _count: {
+                select: {
+                  claims: true,
                 },
               },
-            });
+            },
+          },
+        },
+      });
 
       const byLookupKey = new Map<string, (typeof versions)[number]>();
       for (const version of versions) {
diff --git a/src/typescript/api/src/lib/trpc/routes/post/content-storage.ts b/src/typescript/api/src/lib/trpc/routes/post/content-storage.ts
index 0f6931c..e574bbe 100644
--- a/src/typescript/api/src/lib/trpc/routes/post/content-storage.ts
+++ b/src/typescript/api/src/lib/trpc/routes/post/content-storage.ts
@@ -5,6 +5,5 @@
  * `post/content-storage/` to keep each file maintainable.
  */
 
-export type { ResolvedPostVersion } from "./content-storage/shared.js";
 export { findPostVersionById } from "./content-storage/post-version.js";
 export { registerObservedVersion } from "./content-storage/register-observed-version.js";
diff --git a/src/typescript/api/src/lib/trpc/routes/post/content-storage/blobs.ts b/src/typescript/api/src/lib/trpc/routes/post/content-storage/blobs.ts
index dce1729..7f7bbd4 100644
--- a/src/typescript/api/src/lib/trpc/routes/post/content-storage/blobs.ts
+++ b/src/typescript/api/src/lib/trpc/routes/post/content-storage/blobs.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import { TRPCError } from "@trpc/server";
-import { wordCount } from "$lib/services/investigation-lifecycle.js";
+import { wordCount } from "$lib/services/word-count.js";
 import type { ContentBlob } from "$lib/db/prisma-client";
 import { createOrFindByUniqueConstraint, type DbClient } from "./shared.js";
 import { sha256 } from "./hashing.js";
diff --git a/src/typescript/api/src/lib/trpc/routes/post/content-storage/content-preparation.ts b/src/typescript/api/src/lib/trpc/routes/post/content-storage/content-preparation.ts
index 70b65aa..f4aa45c 100644
--- a/src/typescript/api/src/lib/trpc/routes/post/content-storage/content-preparation.ts
+++ b/src/typescript/api/src/lib/trpc/routes/post/content-storage/content-preparation.ts
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ export function applyServerVerifiedWikipediaIdentity(input: {
   if (
     input.preparedInput.platform !== "WIKIPEDIA" ||
     input.canonical.provenance !== "SERVER_VERIFIED" ||
-    input.canonical.canonicalIdentity?.platform !== "WIKIPEDIA"
+    input.canonical.canonicalIdentity.platform !== "WIKIPEDIA"
   ) {
     return input.preparedInput;
   }
diff --git a/src/typescript/api/src/lib/trpc/routes/post/content-storage/metadata.ts b/src/typescript/api/src/lib/trpc/routes/post/content-storage/metadata.ts
index 738dd18..14484bf 100644
--- a/src/typescript/api/src/lib/trpc/routes/post/content-storage/metadata.ts
+++ b/src/typescript/api/src/lib/trpc/routes/post/content-storage/metadata.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import type { ViewPostInput } from "@openerrata/shared";
-import { trimToOptionalNonEmpty } from "@openerrata/shared";
+import { observedImageUrlsFromOccurrences, trimToOptionalNonEmpty } from "@openerrata/shared";
 import { TRPCError } from "@trpc/server";
 import { toOptionalDate } from "$lib/date.js";
 import type { Prisma } from "$lib/db/prisma-client";
@@ -8,10 +8,37 @@ import { createOrFindByUniqueConstraint, type DbClient } from "./shared.js";
 import { getOrCreateHtmlBlob } from "./blobs.js";
 import type { PreparedViewPostInput } from "../wikipedia.js";
 
-export async function createPlatformVersionMetadataIfMissing(
+/**
+ * LessWrong title/author for version metadata: the server's when it verified
+ * the post (identity binding, SPEC §2.9), otherwise what the client reported.
+ */
+function lesswrongDisplayMetadata(
+  metadata: Extract<PreparedViewPostInput, { platform: "LESSWRONG" }>["metadata"],
+  canonical: CanonicalContentVersion,
+): { title: string | undefined; authorName: string | undefined; authorSlug: string | undefined } {
+  if (
+    canonical.provenance === "SERVER_VERIFIED" &&
+    canonical.canonicalIdentity.platform === "LESSWRONG"
+  ) {
+    const { title, author } = canonical.canonicalIdentity;
+    return { title, authorName: author?.displayName, authorSlug: author?.slug };
+  }
+  return {
+    title: trimToOptionalNonEmpty(metadata.title),
+    authorName: trimToOptionalNonEmpty(metadata.authorName),
+    authorSlug: trimToOptionalNonEmpty(metadata.authorSlug),
+  };
+}
+
+/**
+ * Create the version's platform metadata row, or update its mutable fields
+ * (latest wins) when it already exists; client HTML is first-write-wins.
+ */
+export async function upsertPlatformVersionMetadata(
   prisma: DbClient,
   input: {
     preparedInput: PreparedViewPostInput;
+    canonical: CanonicalContentVersion;
     postVersionId: string;
     htmlBlobIds: {
       serverHtmlBlobId: string | null;
@@ -19,6 +46,7 @@ export async function createPlatformVersionMetadataIfMissing(
     };
   },
 ): Promise<void> {
+  const imageUrls = observedImageUrlsFromOccurrences(input.preparedInput.observedImageOccurrences);
   switch (input.preparedInput.platform) {
     case "LESSWRONG": {
       const metadata = input.preparedInput.metadata;
@@ -29,9 +57,7 @@ export async function createPlatformVersionMetadataIfMissing(
           message: `LessWrong version requires at least one HTML snapshot (postVersionId=${input.postVersionId})`,
         });
       }
-      const title = trimToOptionalNonEmpty(metadata.title);
-      const authorName = trimToOptionalNonEmpty(metadata.authorName);
-      const authorSlug = trimToOptionalNonEmpty(metadata.authorSlug);
+      const { title, authorName, authorSlug } = lesswrongDisplayMetadata(metadata, input.canonical);
 
       const existingOrCreated = await createOrFindByUniqueConstraint({
         findExisting: () =>
@@ -49,7 +75,7 @@ export async function createPlatformVersionMetadataIfMissing(
               ...(title !== undefined && { title }),
               ...(serverHtmlBlobId !== null && { serverHtmlBlobId }),
               ...(clientHtmlBlobId !== null && { clientHtmlBlobId }),
-              imageUrls: input.preparedInput.observedImageUrls ?? [],
+              imageUrls,
               ...(authorName !== undefined && { authorName }),
               ...(authorSlug !== undefined && { authorSlug }),
               tags: metadata.tags,
@@ -73,7 +99,7 @@ export async function createPlatformVersionMetadataIfMissing(
         slug: metadata.slug,
         title: title ?? null,
         ...(serverHtmlBlobId !== null && { serverHtmlBlobId }),
-        imageUrls: input.preparedInput.observedImageUrls ?? [],
+        imageUrls,
         authorName: authorName ?? null,
         authorSlug: authorSlug ?? null,
         tags: metadata.tags,
@@ -136,6 +162,12 @@ export async function createPlatformVersionMetadataIfMissing(
     case "SUBSTACK": {
       const metadata = input.preparedInput.metadata;
       const { serverHtmlBlobId, clientHtmlBlobId } = input.htmlBlobIds;
+      if (serverHtmlBlobId !== null) {
+        throw new TRPCError({
+          code: "INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR",
+          message: `Substack has no server-side fetch, yet server HTML was stored (postVersionId=${input.postVersionId})`,
+        });
+      }
       const authorSubstackHandle = trimToOptionalNonEmpty(metadata.authorSubstackHandle);
 
       const existingOrCreated = await createOrFindByUniqueConstraint({
@@ -156,9 +188,8 @@ export async function createPlatformVersionMetadataIfMissing(
               slug: metadata.slug,
               title: metadata.title,
               subtitle: metadata.subtitle ?? null,
-              ...(serverHtmlBlobId !== null && { serverHtmlBlobId }),
               ...(clientHtmlBlobId !== null && { clientHtmlBlobId }),
-              imageUrls: input.preparedInput.observedImageUrls ?? [],
+              imageUrls,
               authorName: metadata.authorName,
               authorSubstackHandle: authorSubstackHandle ?? null,
               publishedAt: toOptionalDate(metadata.publishedAt),
@@ -184,8 +215,7 @@ export async function createPlatformVersionMetadataIfMissing(
         slug: metadata.slug,
         title: metadata.title,
         subtitle: metadata.subtitle ?? null,
-        ...(serverHtmlBlobId !== null && { serverHtmlBlobId }),
-        imageUrls: input.preparedInput.observedImageUrls ?? [],
+        imageUrls,
         authorName: metadata.authorName,
         authorSubstackHandle: authorSubstackHandle ?? null,
         publishedAt: toOptionalDate(metadata.publishedAt),
@@ -233,7 +263,7 @@ export async function createPlatformVersionMetadataIfMissing(
               ...(clientHtmlBlobId !== null && { clientHtmlBlobId }),
               revisionId: metadata.revisionId,
               lastModifiedAt: toOptionalDate(metadata.lastModifiedAt),
-              imageUrls: input.preparedInput.observedImageUrls ?? [],
+              imageUrls,
             },
             select: {
               pageId: true,
@@ -256,7 +286,7 @@ export async function createPlatformVersionMetadataIfMissing(
         ...(serverHtmlBlobId !== null && { serverHtmlBlobId }),
         revisionId: metadata.revisionId,
         lastModifiedAt: toOptionalDate(metadata.lastModifiedAt),
-        imageUrls: input.preparedInput.observedImageUrls ?? [],
+        imageUrls,
       } satisfies Prisma.WikipediaVersionMetaUpdateInput;
 
       await Promise.all([
diff --git a/src/typescript/api/src/lib/trpc/routes/post/content-storage/observed-url.ts b/src/typescript/api/src/lib/trpc/routes/post/content-storage/observed-url.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9302772
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/typescript/api/src/lib/trpc/routes/post/content-storage/observed-url.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+/**
+ * Validation of the post URL a client reports to registerObservedVersion.
+ *
+ * Until a server fetch supplies the canonical URL (SPEC §2.9), the client's
+ * URL is what we store and link to publicly, so it must be an https URL on the
+ * platform's own host that names the same post as `externalId`. Substack
+ * publications may use custom domains, so only the post path is checked there.
+ */
+
+import { TRPCError } from "@trpc/server";
+import type { PreparedViewPostInput } from "../wikipedia.js";
+
+const LESSWRONG_HOSTS: ReadonlySet<string> = new Set(["lesswrong.com", "www.lesswrong.com"]);
+const X_HOSTS = ["x.com", "twitter.com"] as const;
+
+function isXHost(hostname: string): boolean {
+  return X_HOSTS.some((host) => hostname === host || hostname.endsWith(`.${host}`));
+}
+
+/** Status id named by an X status path (`/<handle>/status/<id>`, `/i/status/<id>`, `/i/web/status/<id>`). */
+function xStatusIdFromPath(pathname: string): string | null {
+  const segments = pathname.split("/").filter((segment) => segment.length > 0);
+  const statusIndex = segments.indexOf("status");
+  if (statusIndex < 1) return null;
+  return segments[statusIndex + 1] ?? null;
+}
+
+function lesswrongPathNamesPost(pathname: string, externalId: string): boolean {
+  const prefix = `/posts/${externalId}`;
+  return pathname === prefix || pathname.startsWith(`${prefix}/`);
+}
+
+function rejectUrl(platform: string, reason: string): never {
+  throw new TRPCError({
+    code: "BAD_REQUEST",
+    message: `Invalid ${platform} post URL: ${reason}`,
+  });
+}
+
+export function assertObservedPostUrlMatchesPlatform(input: PreparedViewPostInput): void {
+  let url: URL;
+  try {
+    url = new URL(input.url);
+  } catch {
+    return rejectUrl(input.platform, "not a URL");
+  }
+  if (url.protocol !== "https:") {
+    rejectUrl(input.platform, "must use https");
+  }
+  if (url.username.length > 0 || url.password.length > 0) {
+    rejectUrl(input.platform, "must not embed credentials");
+  }
+  const hostname = url.hostname.toLowerCase();
+
+  switch (input.platform) {
+    case "LESSWRONG":
+      if (!LESSWRONG_HOSTS.has(hostname)) {
+        rejectUrl(input.platform, `unexpected host ${hostname}`);
+      }
+      if (!lesswrongPathNamesPost(url.pathname, input.externalId)) {
+        rejectUrl(input.platform, "path does not name the post's externalId");
+      }
+      return;
+    case "X":
+      if (!isXHost(hostname)) {
+        rejectUrl(input.platform, `unexpected host ${hostname}`);
+      }
+      if (xStatusIdFromPath(url.pathname) !== input.externalId) {
+        rejectUrl(input.platform, "path does not name the post's externalId");
+      }
+      return;
+    case "SUBSTACK":
+      if (!/^\/p\/[^/]+/.test(url.pathname)) {
+        rejectUrl(input.platform, "path is not a /p/<slug> post path");
+      }
+      return;
+    case "WIKIPEDIA":
+      // Host and article identity are checked against metadata when the
+      // external ID is derived (prepareViewPostInput).
+      return;
+  }
+}
diff --git a/src/typescript/api/src/lib/trpc/routes/post/content-storage/post-upsert.ts b/src/typescript/api/src/lib/trpc/routes/post/content-storage/post-upsert.ts
index 3b7574f..dc18671 100644
--- a/src/typescript/api/src/lib/trpc/routes/post/content-storage/post-upsert.ts
+++ b/src/typescript/api/src/lib/trpc/routes/post/content-storage/post-upsert.ts
@@ -1,157 +1,173 @@
-import { trimToOptionalNonEmpty } from "@openerrata/shared";
-import type { DbClient, UpsertPostInput } from "./shared.js";
-import type { Post } from "$lib/db/prisma-client";
+/**
+ * Post identity storage (SPEC §2.9 identity binding).
+ *
+ * A post's URL and author are identity-bound. When the server fetch verified
+ * the post, they come from the platform's response and the post is latched as
+ * identity-verified (Post.identityVerifiedAt). Otherwise the client's
+ * validated URL and reported author are used — but never over a post whose
+ * identity a server fetch has already verified.
+ */
+
+import { trimToOptionalNonEmpty, type Platform } from "@openerrata/shared";
+import type { DbClient } from "$lib/db/client";
+import type { CanonicalContentVersion } from "$lib/services/canonical-resolution.js";
 import type { PreparedViewPostInput } from "../wikipedia.js";
 
-async function upsertAuthorAndAttachToPost(
-  prisma: DbClient,
-  input: {
-    postId: string;
-    platform: UpsertPostInput["platform"];
-    platformUserId: string;
-    displayName: string;
-  },
-): Promise<void> {
-  const author = await prisma.author.upsert({
-    where: {
-      platform_platformUserId: {
-        platform: input.platform,
-        platformUserId: input.platformUserId,
-      },
-    },
-    create: {
-      platform: input.platform,
-      platformUserId: input.platformUserId,
-      displayName: input.displayName,
-    },
-    update: {
-      displayName: input.displayName,
-    },
-    select: { id: true },
-  });
+interface AuthorIdentity {
+  platformUserId: string;
+  displayName: string;
+}
 
-  await prisma.post.update({
-    where: { id: input.postId },
-    data: { authorId: author.id },
-  });
+interface PostIdentity {
+  source: "SERVER_VERIFIED" | "CLIENT_OBSERVED";
+  url: string;
+  /** Null when the source names no author; the stored author link is then left as is. */
+  author: AuthorIdentity | null;
 }
 
-/**
- * Upsert the Author record for a post and link it via Post.authorId.
- * Extracted from the deleted linkAuthorAndMetadata; handles only author
- * identity — platform-specific metadata lives in version meta tables.
- */
-async function upsertAuthorForPost(
-  prisma: DbClient,
-  input: { postId: string } & UpsertPostInput,
-): Promise<void> {
+function clientReportedAuthor(input: PreparedViewPostInput): AuthorIdentity | null {
   switch (input.platform) {
     case "LESSWRONG": {
       const authorName = trimToOptionalNonEmpty(input.metadata.authorName);
       const authorSlug = trimToOptionalNonEmpty(input.metadata.authorSlug);
-      const authorDisplayName = authorName ?? authorSlug;
-      if (authorDisplayName !== undefined && authorDisplayName.length > 0) {
-        const platformUserId = authorSlug ?? `name:${authorDisplayName.toLowerCase()}`;
-        await upsertAuthorAndAttachToPost(prisma, {
-          postId: input.postId,
-          platform: "LESSWRONG",
-          platformUserId,
-          displayName: authorDisplayName,
-        });
-      }
-      return;
+      const displayName = authorName ?? authorSlug;
+      if (displayName === undefined) return null;
+      return {
+        platformUserId: authorSlug ?? `name:${displayName.toLowerCase()}`,
+        displayName,
+      };
     }
     case "X": {
       const authorHandle = input.metadata.authorHandle;
-      const authorDisplayName = trimToOptionalNonEmpty(input.metadata.authorDisplayName);
-      await upsertAuthorAndAttachToPost(prisma, {
-        postId: input.postId,
-        platform: "X",
+      return {
         platformUserId: authorHandle,
-        displayName: authorDisplayName ?? authorHandle,
-      });
-      return;
+        displayName: trimToOptionalNonEmpty(input.metadata.authorDisplayName) ?? authorHandle,
+      };
     }
     case "SUBSTACK": {
       const authorName = input.metadata.authorName.trim();
-      const authorSubstackHandle = trimToOptionalNonEmpty(input.metadata.authorSubstackHandle);
-      const platformUserId =
-        authorSubstackHandle ??
-        `publication:${input.metadata.publicationSubdomain}:name:${authorName.toLowerCase()}`;
-      await upsertAuthorAndAttachToPost(prisma, {
-        postId: input.postId,
-        platform: "SUBSTACK",
-        platformUserId,
+      return {
+        platformUserId:
+          trimToOptionalNonEmpty(input.metadata.authorSubstackHandle) ??
+          `publication:${input.metadata.publicationSubdomain}:name:${authorName.toLowerCase()}`,
         displayName: authorName,
-      });
-      return;
+      };
     }
     case "WIKIPEDIA":
-      return;
+      return null;
+  }
+}
+
+function resolvePostIdentity(
+  input: PreparedViewPostInput,
+  canonical: CanonicalContentVersion,
+): PostIdentity {
+  if (canonical.provenance === "SERVER_VERIFIED") {
+    const identity = canonical.canonicalIdentity;
+    switch (identity.platform) {
+      case "LESSWRONG":
+        return {
+          source: "SERVER_VERIFIED",
+          url: identity.url,
+          author:
+            identity.author === null
+              ? null
+              : { platformUserId: identity.author.slug, displayName: identity.author.displayName },
+        };
+      case "WIKIPEDIA":
+        return { source: "SERVER_VERIFIED", url: identity.url, author: null };
+    }
   }
+  return { source: "CLIENT_OBSERVED", url: input.url, author: clientReportedAuthor(input) };
 }
 
-async function upsertPost(prisma: DbClient, input: UpsertPostInput) {
-  const post = await prisma.post.upsert({
+function externalIdOf(input: PreparedViewPostInput): string {
+  return input.platform === "WIKIPEDIA" ? input.derivedExternalId : input.externalId;
+}
+
+async function linkAuthor(
+  db: DbClient,
+  input: {
+    postId: string;
+    platform: Platform;
+    author: AuthorIdentity;
+    /** Only link when the post's identity is not server-verified. */
+    onlyIfUnverified: boolean;
+  },
+): Promise<void> {
+  const author = await db.author.upsert({
     where: {
-      platform_externalId: {
+      platform_platformUserId: {
         platform: input.platform,
-        externalId: input.externalId,
+        platformUserId: input.author.platformUserId,
       },
     },
     create: {
       platform: input.platform,
-      externalId: input.externalId,
-      url: input.url,
+      platformUserId: input.author.platformUserId,
+      displayName: input.author.displayName,
     },
     update: {
-      url: input.url,
+      displayName: input.author.displayName,
     },
+    select: { id: true },
   });
 
-  await upsertAuthorForPost(prisma, {
-    postId: post.id,
-    ...input,
+  await db.post.updateMany({
+    where: {
+      id: input.postId,
+      ...(input.onlyIfUnverified ? { identityVerifiedAt: null } : {}),
+    },
+    data: { authorId: author.id },
   });
-
-  return post;
 }
 
+/** Upsert the Post row for an observed version and apply its identity. Returns the post id. */
 export async function upsertPostFromViewInput(
-  prisma: DbClient,
+  db: DbClient,
   input: PreparedViewPostInput,
-): Promise<Post> {
-  if (input.platform === "LESSWRONG") {
-    return upsertPost(prisma, {
-      url: input.url,
-      platform: "LESSWRONG",
-      externalId: input.externalId,
-      metadata: input.metadata,
-    });
+  canonical: CanonicalContentVersion,
+): Promise<{ id: string }> {
+  const identity = resolvePostIdentity(input, canonical);
+  const verified = identity.source === "SERVER_VERIFIED";
+  const now = new Date();
+
+  const post = await db.post.upsert({
+    where: {
+      platform_externalId: {
+        platform: input.platform,
+        externalId: externalIdOf(input),
+      },
+    },
+    create: {
+      platform: input.platform,
+      externalId: externalIdOf(input),
+      url: identity.url,
+      identityVerifiedAt: verified ? now : null,
+    },
+    update: verified ? { url: identity.url, identityVerifiedAt: now } : {},
+    select: { id: true, identityVerifiedAt: true },
+  });
+
+  if (!verified && post.identityVerifiedAt !== null) {
+    // A server fetch verified this post earlier; unverified client data
+    // never overwrites that.
+    return { id: post.id };
   }
 
-  if (input.platform === "X") {
-    return upsertPost(prisma, {
-      url: input.url,
-      platform: "X",
-      externalId: input.externalId,
-      metadata: input.metadata,
+  if (!verified) {
+    await db.post.updateMany({
+      where: { id: post.id, identityVerifiedAt: null },
+      data: { url: identity.url },
     });
   }
-
-  if (input.platform === "WIKIPEDIA") {
-    return upsertPost(prisma, {
-      url: input.url,
-      platform: "WIKIPEDIA",
-      externalId: input.derivedExternalId,
-      metadata: input.metadata,
+  if (identity.author !== null) {
+    await linkAuthor(db, {
+      postId: post.id,
+      platform: input.platform,
+      author: identity.author,
+      onlyIfUnverified: !verified,
     });
   }
-
-  return upsertPost(prisma, {
-    url: input.url,
-    platform: "SUBSTACK",
-    externalId: input.externalId,
-    metadata: input.metadata,
-  });
+  return { id: post.id };
 }
diff --git a/src/typescript/api/src/lib/trpc/routes/post/content-storage/register-observed-version.ts b/src/typescript/api/src/lib/trpc/routes/post/content-storage/register-observed-version.ts
index 889e97c..2cebcf3 100644
--- a/src/typescript/api/src/lib/trpc/routes/post/content-storage/register-observed-version.ts
+++ b/src/typescript/api/src/lib/trpc/routes/post/content-storage/register-observed-version.ts
@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@ import type { PrismaClient } from "$lib/db/prisma-client";
 import type { ViewPostInput } from "@openerrata/shared";
 import { fetchCanonicalContent } from "$lib/services/content-fetcher.js";
 import { resolveCanonicalContentVersion } from "$lib/services/canonical-resolution.js";
-import { TRPCError } from "@trpc/server";
 import { isUniqueConstraintError } from "$lib/db/errors.js";
 import { prepareViewPostInput } from "../wikipedia.js";
 import {
@@ -11,10 +10,11 @@ import {
   delay,
   type ResolvedPostVersion,
 } from "./shared.js";
+import { assertObservedPostUrlMatchesPlatform } from "./observed-url.js";
 import { upsertPostFromViewInput } from "./post-upsert.js";
 import { upsertPostVersion } from "./post-version.js";
 import {
-  createPlatformVersionMetadataIfMissing,
+  upsertPlatformVersionMetadata,
   resolveHtmlBlobIdsForStorage,
   resolveHtmlSnapshotsForStorage,
 } from "./metadata.js";
@@ -35,6 +35,7 @@ export async function registerObservedVersion(
   input: ViewPostInput,
 ): Promise<ResolvedPostVersion> {
   const initiallyPreparedInput = prepareViewPostInput(input);
+  assertObservedPostUrlMatchesPlatform(initiallyPreparedInput);
   const observed = await toObservedContentVersion(initiallyPreparedInput);
 
   const canonical = await resolveCanonicalContentVersion({
@@ -55,10 +56,12 @@ export async function registerObservedVersion(
     preparedInput: initiallyPreparedInput,
     canonical,
   });
-  for (let attempt = 0; attempt < UNIQUE_CONSTRAINT_RACE_RETRY_ATTEMPTS; attempt += 1) {
+  // Concurrent registrations of the same post race on unique constraints;
+  // retry the whole transaction, re-throwing once the retries are spent.
+  for (let attempt = 1; ; attempt += 1) {
     try {
       return await prisma.$transaction(async (tx) => {
-        const post = await upsertPostFromViewInput(tx, preparedInput);
+        const post = await upsertPostFromViewInput(tx, preparedInput, canonical);
         const postVersion = await upsertPostVersion(tx, {
           postId: post.id,
           canonical,
@@ -67,26 +70,19 @@ export async function registerObservedVersion(
             : { observedImageOccurrences: preparedInput.observedImageOccurrences }),
         });
         const htmlBlobIds = await resolveHtmlBlobIdsForStorage(tx, htmlSnapshotsForStorage);
-        await createPlatformVersionMetadataIfMissing(tx, {
+        await upsertPlatformVersionMetadata(tx, {
           preparedInput,
+          canonical,
           postVersionId: postVersion.id,
           htmlBlobIds,
         });
         return postVersion;
       });
     } catch (error) {
-      if (
-        !isUniqueConstraintError(error) ||
-        attempt === UNIQUE_CONSTRAINT_RACE_RETRY_ATTEMPTS - 1
-      ) {
+      if (!isUniqueConstraintError(error) || attempt >= UNIQUE_CONSTRAINT_RACE_RETRY_ATTEMPTS) {
         throw error;
       }
       await delay(UNIQUE_CONSTRAINT_RACE_RETRY_DELAY_MS);
     }
   }
-
-  throw new TRPCError({
-    code: "INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR",
-    message: "Failed to register observed version due to repeated unique-constraint races",
-  });
 }
diff --git a/src/typescript/api/src/lib/trpc/routes/post/content-storage/shared.ts b/src/typescript/api/src/lib/trpc/routes/post/content-storage/shared.ts
index 75676c4..929f7cf 100644
--- a/src/typescript/api/src/lib/trpc/routes/post/content-storage/shared.ts
+++ b/src/typescript/api/src/lib/trpc/routes/post/content-storage/shared.ts
@@ -1,15 +1,6 @@
-import type { Platform, PlatformMetadataByPlatform } from "@openerrata/shared";
-import type { PrismaClient, Prisma } from "$lib/db/prisma-client";
-import { isUniqueConstraintError } from "$lib/db/errors.js";
+import type { Platform } from "@openerrata/shared";
 
-export type UpsertPostInput = {
-  [P in Platform]: {
-    platform: P;
-    externalId: string;
-    url: string;
-    metadata: PlatformMetadataByPlatform[P];
-  };
-}[Platform];
+export type { DbClient } from "$lib/db/client";
 
 export interface ResolvedPostVersion {
   id: string;
@@ -32,49 +23,26 @@ export interface ResolvedPostVersion {
 export const UNIQUE_CONSTRAINT_RACE_RETRY_ATTEMPTS = 30;
 export const UNIQUE_CONSTRAINT_RACE_RETRY_DELAY_MS = 20;
 
-export type DbClient = PrismaClient | Prisma.TransactionClient;
-
 export function delay(ms: number): Promise<void> {
   return new Promise((resolve) => {
     setTimeout(resolve, ms);
   });
 }
 
+/**
+ * Find-or-create inside an interactive transaction. A unique violation from a
+ * concurrent insert aborts the transaction, so it propagates for the caller's
+ * whole-transaction retry (registerObservedVersion) rather than being handled here.
+ */
 export async function createOrFindByUniqueConstraint<T>(input: {
   findExisting: () => Promise<T | null>;
   create: () => Promise<T>;
   assertEquivalent: (existing: T) => void;
-  /**
-   * Safe only outside of interactive transactions.
-   * Inside a transaction, unique violations abort the transaction until rollback.
-   */
-  retryReadAfterUniqueConflict?: boolean;
 }): Promise<T> {
   const existing = await input.findExisting();
   if (existing !== null) {
     input.assertEquivalent(existing);
     return existing;
   }
-
-  try {
-    return await input.create();
-  } catch (error) {
-    if (!isUniqueConstraintError(error)) {
-      throw error;
-    }
-    if (input.retryReadAfterUniqueConflict !== true) {
-      throw error;
-    }
-    // For non-transactional callers, the winning insert can briefly be
-    // invisible right after a unique-constraint conflict.
-    for (let attempt = 0; attempt < UNIQUE_CONSTRAINT_RACE_RETRY_ATTEMPTS; attempt += 1) {
-      const raced = await input.findExisting();
-      if (raced !== null) {
-        input.assertEquivalent(raced);
-        return raced;
-      }
-      await delay(UNIQUE_CONSTRAINT_RACE_RETRY_DELAY_MS);
-    }
-    throw error;
-  }
+  return input.create();
 }
diff --git a/src/typescript/api/src/lib/trpc/routes/post/investigation-queries.ts b/src/typescript/api/src/lib/trpc/routes/post/investigation-queries.ts
index 3504716..d00f513 100644
--- a/src/typescript/api/src/lib/trpc/routes/post/investigation-queries.ts
+++ b/src/typescript/api/src/lib/trpc/routes/post/investigation-queries.ts
@@ -1,23 +1,19 @@
 /**
- * Investigation query helpers for the post router.
- *
- * Provides loading, formatting, and lifecycle helpers for investigations:
- * claim formatting, diff computation for update investigations,
- * corroboration recording, and investigation queueing with update metadata.
+ * Investigation query helpers for the post router: loading, claim formatting,
+ * interim claim carry-forward, and corroboration recording.
  */
 
 import {
   claimIdSchema,
   investigationClaimPayloadSchema,
+  normalizeContent,
   type InvestigationClaim,
   type InvestigationClaimPayload,
 } from "@openerrata/shared";
 import { z } from "zod";
-import { ensureInvestigationQueued } from "$lib/services/investigation-lifecycle.js";
 import { isUniqueConstraintError } from "$lib/db/errors.js";
 import type { Prisma, PrismaClient } from "$lib/db/prisma-client";
 import { TRPCError } from "@trpc/server";
-import type { ResolvedPostVersion } from "./content-storage.js";
 
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 // Prisma include shapes and derived payload types
@@ -28,6 +24,8 @@ const investigationWithClaimsInclude = {
   lease: true,
   postVersion: {
     select: {
+      id: true,
+      postId: true,
       contentBlob: {
         select: {
           contentText: true,
@@ -41,72 +39,12 @@ const investigationWithClaimsInclude = {
       sources: true,
     },
   },
-  parentInvestigation: {
-    include: {
-      claims: {
-        include: {
-          sources: true,
-        },
-      },
-      postVersion: {
-        select: {
-          contentBlob: {
-            select: {
-              contentText: true,
-            },
-          },
-        },
-      },
-    },
-  },
 } satisfies Prisma.InvestigationInclude;
 
 type InvestigationWithClaims = Prisma.InvestigationGetPayload<{
   include: typeof investigationWithClaimsInclude;
 }>;
 
-const completedInvestigationInclude = {
-  input: true,
-  postVersion: {
-    select: {
-      id: true,
-      contentBlob: {
-        select: {
-          contentText: true,
-          contentHash: true,
-        },
-      },
-    },
-  },
-  claims: {
-    include: {
-      sources: true,
-    },
-  },
-} satisfies Prisma.InvestigationInclude;
-
-type CompletedInvestigation = Prisma.InvestigationGetPayload<{
-  include: typeof completedInvestigationInclude;
-}>;
-
-const serverVerifiedSourceInclude = {
-  postVersion: {
-    select: {
-      id: true,
-      contentBlob: {
-        select: {
-          contentText: true,
-        },
-      },
-    },
-  },
-  claims: {
-    include: {
-      sources: true,
-    },
-  },
-} satisfies Prisma.InvestigationInclude;
-
 interface ClaimSourceSummary {
   url: string;
   title: string;
@@ -122,71 +60,12 @@ interface ClaimSummary {
   sources: ClaimSourceSummary[];
 }
 
-interface SourceInvestigationForUpdate {
+/** A complete investigation whose claims may be carried forward to another version. */
+interface CompleteInvestigationClaims {
   id: string;
-  postVersion: {
-    id: string;
-    contentBlob: {
-      contentText: string;
-    };
-  };
   claims: ClaimSummary[];
 }
 
-type LatestServerVerifiedCompleteInvestigation = SourceInvestigationForUpdate | null;
-
-type EnsuredInvestigationStatus = Awaited<
-  ReturnType<typeof ensureInvestigationQueued>
->["investigation"]["status"];
-
-interface EnsureInvestigationResult {
-  investigation: {
-    id: string;
-    status: EnsuredInvestigationStatus;
-  };
-}
-
-interface EnsureQueuedInput<TPrisma> {
-  prisma: TPrisma;
-  postVersionId: string;
-  promptId: string;
-  parentInvestigationId?: string;
-  contentDiff?: string;
-  rejectOverWordLimitOnCreate: true;
-  allowRequeueFailed: true;
-  onPendingInvestigation?: (input: {
-    prisma: TPrisma;
-    investigation: {
-      id: string;
-      status: EnsuredInvestigationStatus;
-    };
-  }) => Promise<void>;
-}
-
-type EnsureQueued<TPrisma> = (
-  input: EnsureQueuedInput<TPrisma>,
-) => Promise<EnsureInvestigationResult>;
-
-interface EnsureWithDefaultInput {
-  prisma: PrismaClient;
-  promptId: string;
-  postVersion: ResolvedPostVersion;
-  sourceInvestigation: LatestServerVerifiedCompleteInvestigation;
-  onPendingInvestigation?: Parameters<
-    typeof ensureInvestigationQueued
-  >[0]["onPendingInvestigation"];
-  ensureQueued?: undefined;
-}
-
-interface EnsureWithCustomInput<TPrisma> {
-  prisma: TPrisma;
-  promptId: string;
-  postVersion: ResolvedPostVersion;
-  sourceInvestigation: LatestServerVerifiedCompleteInvestigation;
-  onPendingInvestigation?: EnsureQueuedInput<TPrisma>["onPendingInvestigation"];
-  ensureQueued: EnsureQueued<TPrisma>;
-}
-
 /**
  * Semantic repository interface for investigation queries. Both PrismaClient
  * (production) and test stubs implement this — decoupled from Prisma's exact
@@ -194,8 +73,14 @@ interface EnsureWithCustomInput<TPrisma> {
  */
 export interface InvestigationRepository {
   findInvestigationWithClaims(id: string): Promise<InvestigationWithClaims | null>;
-  findCompletedByPostVersionId(postVersionId: string): Promise<CompletedInvestigation | null>;
-  findLatestServerVerifiedComplete(postId: string): Promise<SourceInvestigationForUpdate | null>;
+  /**
+   * The post's most recently completed investigation of any provenance on a
+   * version other than `excludedPostVersionId`, or null when there is none.
+   */
+  findLatestCompleteOnOtherVersion(
+    postId: string,
+    excludedPostVersionId: string,
+  ): Promise<CompleteInvestigationClaims | null>;
   findClientFallbackInvestigationId(postVersionId: string): Promise<string | null>;
   recordCorroborationCredit(investigationId: string, reporterKey: string): Promise<void>;
 }
@@ -209,21 +94,17 @@ export function prismaInvestigationRepository(prisma: PrismaClient): Investigati
         include: investigationWithClaimsInclude,
       });
     },
-    async findCompletedByPostVersionId(postVersionId) {
-      return prisma.investigation.findFirst({
-        where: { postVersionId, status: "COMPLETE" },
-        include: completedInvestigationInclude,
-      });
-    },
-    async findLatestServerVerifiedComplete(postId) {
+    async findLatestCompleteOnOtherVersion(postId, excludedPostVersionId) {
       return prisma.investigation.findFirst({
         where: {
           status: "COMPLETE",
-          postVersion: { postId },
-          input: { provenance: "SERVER_VERIFIED" },
+          postVersion: { postId, id: { not: excludedPostVersionId } },
+        },
+        orderBy: [{ checkedAt: "desc" }, { id: "desc" }],
+        select: {
+          id: true,
+          claims: { include: { sources: true } },
         },
-        orderBy: { checkedAt: "desc" },
-        include: serverVerifiedSourceInclude,
       });
     },
     async findClientFallbackInvestigationId(postVersionId) {
@@ -331,87 +212,61 @@ export async function loadInvestigationWithClaims(
   return repo.findInvestigationWithClaims(investigationId);
 }
 
-export async function findCompletedInvestigationByPostVersionId(
-  repo: InvestigationRepository,
-  postVersionId: string,
-): Promise<CompletedInvestigation | null> {
-  return repo.findCompletedByPostVersionId(postVersionId);
-}
-
-export async function findLatestServerVerifiedCompleteInvestigationForPost(
-  repo: InvestigationRepository,
-  postId: string,
-): Promise<LatestServerVerifiedCompleteInvestigation> {
-  return repo.findLatestServerVerifiedComplete(postId);
-}
-
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-// Update investigation helpers
+// Interim claim carry-forward (spec §2.8 "Interim carry-forward")
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-export function selectSourceInvestigationForUpdate(
-  latestServerVerifiedSource: LatestServerVerifiedCompleteInvestigation,
-  currentPostVersionId: string,
-): LatestServerVerifiedCompleteInvestigation {
-  if (latestServerVerifiedSource === null) {
-    return null;
-  }
+/** Claims shown on a post version while it has no finished investigation of its own. */
+interface CarriedForwardClaims {
+  oldClaims: InvestigationClaim[];
+  sourceInvestigationId: string;
+}
 
-  return latestServerVerifiedSource.postVersion.id === currentPostVersionId
-    ? null
-    : latestServerVerifiedSource;
+/**
+ * Whether a claim's quoted text occurs verbatim in `contentText`, compared
+ * after the normalization all content text gets (spec §3.8) — the text the
+ * extension locates claims in. Empty text quotes nothing.
+ */
+function claimTextOccursIn(claimText: string, contentText: string): boolean {
+  const normalizedClaimText = normalizeContent(claimText);
+  return normalizedClaimText.length > 0 && contentText.includes(normalizedClaimText);
 }
 
-export function toPriorInvestigationResult(
-  sourceInvestigation: LatestServerVerifiedCompleteInvestigation,
-): {
-  oldClaims: InvestigationClaim[];
-  sourceInvestigationId: string;
-} | null {
-  if (sourceInvestigation === null) {
+/**
+ * The claims of `source` that are still about `contentText`: those whose
+ * quoted text still occurs in it. A correction is only shown while the exact
+ * text it corrects is still on the page. Null when no claim survives.
+ */
+export function carryForwardClaims(
+  source: CompleteInvestigationClaims,
+  contentText: string,
+): CarriedForwardClaims | null {
+  const survivingClaims = source.claims.filter((claim) =>
+    claimTextOccursIn(claim.text, contentText),
+  );
+  if (survivingClaims.length === 0) {
     return null;
   }
-
   return {
-    oldClaims: formatClaims(sourceInvestigation.claims),
-    sourceInvestigationId: sourceInvestigation.id,
+    oldClaims: formatClaims(survivingClaims),
+    sourceInvestigationId: source.id,
   };
 }
 
-function buildLineDiff(previous: string, current: string): string {
-  if (previous === current) {
-    return "No changes detected.";
-  }
-
-  const previousLines = previous.split("\n");
-  const currentLines = current.split("\n");
-  const maxStart = Math.min(previousLines.length, currentLines.length);
-  let start = 0;
-  while (start < maxStart && previousLines[start] === currentLines[start]) {
-    start += 1;
-  }
-
-  let previousEnd = previousLines.length;
-  let currentEnd = currentLines.length;
-  while (
-    previousEnd > start &&
-    currentEnd > start &&
-    previousLines[previousEnd - 1] === currentLines[currentEnd - 1]
-  ) {
-    previousEnd -= 1;
-    currentEnd -= 1;
-  }
-
-  const removed = previousLines.slice(start, previousEnd);
-  const added = currentLines.slice(start, currentEnd);
-
-  return [
-    "Diff summary (line context):",
-    "- Removed lines:",
-    removed.length > 0 ? removed.join("\n") : "(none)",
-    "+ Added lines:",
-    added.length > 0 ? added.join("\n") : "(none)",
-  ].join("\n");
+/**
+ * Interim claims for a post version with no finished investigation (spec §2.8
+ * "Interim carry-forward"): the claims of the post's latest complete
+ * investigation of another version — of either provenance — that still occur
+ * in this version's content text. Null when there is no such investigation or
+ * none of its claims survive. Every status that reports interim claims
+ * (not investigated, investigating) takes them from here.
+ */
+export async function findCarriedForwardClaims(
+  repo: InvestigationRepository,
+  postVersion: { id: string; postId: string; contentText: string },
+): Promise<CarriedForwardClaims | null> {
+  const source = await repo.findLatestCompleteOnOtherVersion(postVersion.postId, postVersion.id);
+  return source === null ? null : carryForwardClaims(source, postVersion.contentText);
 }
 
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -431,101 +286,3 @@ export async function maybeRecordCorroboration(
 
   await repo.recordCorroborationCredit(investigationId, viewerKey);
 }
-
-// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-// Investigation queueing with update metadata
-// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-function buildEnsureQueuedInputWithoutPending<TPrisma>(input: {
-  prisma: TPrisma;
-  promptId: string;
-  postVersion: ResolvedPostVersion;
-  sourceInvestigation: LatestServerVerifiedCompleteInvestigation;
-}): Omit<EnsureQueuedInput<TPrisma>, "onPendingInvestigation"> {
-  const baseInput: Omit<EnsureQueuedInput<TPrisma>, "onPendingInvestigation"> = {
-    prisma: input.prisma,
-    postVersionId: input.postVersion.id,
-    promptId: input.promptId,
-    rejectOverWordLimitOnCreate: true,
-    allowRequeueFailed: true,
-  };
-
-  if (input.sourceInvestigation === null) {
-    return baseInput;
-  }
-
-  return {
-    ...baseInput,
-    parentInvestigationId: input.sourceInvestigation.id,
-    contentDiff: buildLineDiff(
-      input.sourceInvestigation.postVersion.contentBlob.contentText,
-      input.postVersion.contentBlob.contentText,
-    ),
-  };
-}
-
-export async function ensureInvestigationsWithUpdateMetadata(
-  input: EnsureWithDefaultInput,
-): Promise<EnsureInvestigationResult>;
-
-export async function ensureInvestigationsWithUpdateMetadata<TPrisma>(input: {
-  prisma: TPrisma;
-  promptId: string;
-  postVersion: ResolvedPostVersion;
-  sourceInvestigation: LatestServerVerifiedCompleteInvestigation;
-  onPendingInvestigation?: EnsureQueuedInput<TPrisma>["onPendingInvestigation"];
-  ensureQueued: EnsureQueued<TPrisma>;
-}): Promise<EnsureInvestigationResult>;
-
-export async function ensureInvestigationsWithUpdateMetadata<TPrisma>(
-  input:
-    | {
-        prisma: PrismaClient;
-        promptId: string;
-        postVersion: ResolvedPostVersion;
-        sourceInvestigation: LatestServerVerifiedCompleteInvestigation;
-        onPendingInvestigation?: Parameters<
-          typeof ensureInvestigationQueued
-        >[0]["onPendingInvestigation"];
-        ensureQueued?: undefined;
-      }
-    | EnsureWithCustomInput<TPrisma>,
-): Promise<EnsureInvestigationResult> {
-  if (input.ensureQueued !== undefined) {
-    const queuedInput: EnsureQueuedInput<TPrisma> = {
-      ...buildEnsureQueuedInputWithoutPending<TPrisma>({
-        prisma: input.prisma,
-        promptId: input.promptId,
-        postVersion: input.postVersion,
-        sourceInvestigation: input.sourceInvestigation,
-      }),
-      ...(input.onPendingInvestigation === undefined
-        ? {}
-        : { onPendingInvestigation: input.onPendingInvestigation }),
-    };
-    return input.ensureQueued(queuedInput);
-  }
-
-  const queuedInput: Parameters<typeof ensureInvestigationQueued>[0] = {
-    ...buildEnsureQueuedInputWithoutPending<PrismaClient>({
-      prisma: input.prisma,
-      promptId: input.promptId,
-      postVersion: input.postVersion,
-      sourceInvestigation: input.sourceInvestigation,
-    }),
-    ...(input.onPendingInvestigation === undefined
-      ? {}
-      : { onPendingInvestigation: input.onPendingInvestigation }),
-  };
-  const ensured = await ensureInvestigationQueued(queuedInput);
-  return {
-    investigation: {
-      id: ensured.investigation.id,
-      status: ensured.investigation.status,
-    },
-  };
-}
-
-export const investigationQueriesInternals = {
-  buildLineDiff,
-};
diff --git a/src/typescript/api/src/lib/trpc/routes/post/wikipedia.ts b/src/typescript/api/src/lib/trpc/routes/post/wikipedia.ts
index b79b3f2..6d25c7f 100644
--- a/src/typescript/api/src/lib/trpc/routes/post/wikipedia.ts
+++ b/src/typescript/api/src/lib/trpc/routes/post/wikipedia.ts
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
 
 import {
   normalizeWikipediaTitleToken,
-  parseWikipediaIdentity,
+  parseWikipediaUrlIdentity,
   wikipediaExternalIdFromPageId,
   type ViewPostInput,
 } from "@openerrata/shared";
@@ -49,10 +49,15 @@ function canonicalizeWikipediaMetadata(
   };
 }
 
+/**
+ * The stored external ID is always `{language}:{pageId}` from metadata. The
+ * submitted URL must be consistent with that metadata: same language, and the
+ * same page — by page ID when the URL carries one, otherwise by title.
+ */
 function deriveWikipediaExternalId(
   input: Pick<WikipediaViewInput, "url"> & { metadata: WikipediaViewInput["metadata"] },
 ): string {
-  const urlIdentity = parseWikipediaIdentity(input.url);
+  const urlIdentity = parseWikipediaUrlIdentity(input.url);
   if (urlIdentity === null) {
     throw new TRPCError({
       code: "BAD_REQUEST",
@@ -67,22 +72,23 @@ function deriveWikipediaExternalId(
     });
   }
 
-  if (urlIdentity.pageId !== null && urlIdentity.pageId !== input.metadata.pageId) {
-    throw new TRPCError({
-      code: "BAD_REQUEST",
-      message: "Wikipedia metadata.pageId does not match URL page ID",
-    });
-  }
-
-  if (
-    urlIdentity.pageId === null &&
-    urlIdentity.title !== null &&
-    urlIdentity.title !== input.metadata.title
-  ) {
-    throw new TRPCError({
-      code: "BAD_REQUEST",
-      message: "Wikipedia metadata.title does not match URL article title",
-    });
+  switch (urlIdentity.kind) {
+    case "PAGE_ID":
+      if (urlIdentity.pageId !== input.metadata.pageId) {
+        throw new TRPCError({
+          code: "BAD_REQUEST",
+          message: "Wikipedia metadata.pageId does not match URL page ID",
+        });
+      }
+      break;
+    case "TITLE":
+      if (urlIdentity.title !== input.metadata.title) {
+        throw new TRPCError({
+          code: "BAD_REQUEST",
+          message: "Wikipedia metadata.title does not match URL article title",
+        });
+      }
+      break;
   }
 
   return wikipediaExternalIdFromPageId(input.metadata.language, input.metadata.pageId);
diff --git a/src/typescript/api/src/lib/trpc/routes/public.ts b/src/typescript/api/src/lib/trpc/routes/public.ts
deleted file mode 100644
index e64eb84..0000000
--- a/src/typescript/api/src/lib/trpc/routes/public.ts
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,104 +0,0 @@
-import { router, publicProcedure } from "../init.js";
-import {
-  getPublicInvestigationInputSchema,
-  getPostInvestigationsInputSchema,
-  searchInvestigationsInputSchema,
-  getMetricsInputSchema,
-  publicGetInvestigationOutputSchema,
-  publicGetPostInvestigationsOutputSchema,
-  publicSearchInvestigationsOutputSchema,
-  publicGetMetricsOutputSchema,
-} from "@openerrata/shared";
-import {
-  getPublicInvestigationById,
-  getPublicPostInvestigations,
-  searchPublicInvestigations,
-  getPublicMetrics,
-} from "$lib/services/public-read-model.js";
-
-interface PublicOrigin {
-  provenance: "SERVER_VERIFIED" | "CLIENT_FALLBACK";
-  serverVerifiedAt: Date | null;
-}
-
-function toOriginOutput(origin: PublicOrigin) {
-  return {
-    provenance: origin.provenance,
-    ...(origin.serverVerifiedAt !== null && {
-      serverVerifiedAt: origin.serverVerifiedAt.toISOString(),
-    }),
-  };
-}
-
-export const publicRouter = router({
-  getInvestigation: publicProcedure
-    .input(getPublicInvestigationInputSchema)
-    .output(publicGetInvestigationOutputSchema)
-    .query(async ({ input, ctx }) => {
-      const result = await getPublicInvestigationById(ctx.prisma, input.investigationId);
-      if (!result) {
-        return null;
-      }
-
-      return {
-        investigation: {
-          id: result.investigation.id,
-          corroborationCount: result.investigation.corroborationCount,
-          checkedAt: result.investigation.checkedAt.toISOString(),
-          origin: toOriginOutput(result.investigation.origin),
-          promptVersion: result.investigation.promptVersion,
-          provider: result.investigation.provider,
-          model: result.investigation.model,
-        },
-        post: result.post,
-        claims: result.claims,
-      };
-    }),
-
-  getPostInvestigations: publicProcedure
-    .input(getPostInvestigationsInputSchema)
-    .output(publicGetPostInvestigationsOutputSchema)
-    .query(async ({ input, ctx }) => {
-      const result = await getPublicPostInvestigations(ctx.prisma, input);
-      return {
-        post: result.post,
-        investigations: result.investigations.map((investigation) => ({
-          id: investigation.id,
-          contentHash: investigation.contentHash,
-          corroborationCount: investigation.corroborationCount,
-          checkedAt: investigation.checkedAt.toISOString(),
-          claimCount: investigation.claimCount,
-          claimSummaries: investigation.claimSummaries,
-          origin: toOriginOutput(investigation.origin),
-        })),
-      };
-    }),
-
-  searchInvestigations: publicProcedure
-    .input(searchInvestigationsInputSchema)
-    .output(publicSearchInvestigationsOutputSchema)
-    .query(async ({ input, ctx }) => {
-      const result = await searchPublicInvestigations(ctx.prisma, input);
-
-      return {
-        investigations: result.investigations.map((investigation) => ({
-          id: investigation.id,
-          contentHash: investigation.contentHash,
-          checkedAt: investigation.checkedAt.toISOString(),
-          platform: investigation.platform,
-          externalId: investigation.externalId,
-          url: investigation.url,
-          corroborationCount: investigation.corroborationCount,
-          claimCount: investigation.claimCount,
-          claimSummaries: investigation.claimSummaries,
-          origin: toOriginOutput(investigation.origin),
-        })),
-        hasMore: result.hasMore,
-      };
-    }),
-
-  getMetrics: publicProcedure
-    .input(getMetricsInputSchema)
-    .output(publicGetMetricsOutputSchema)
-    .query(async ({ input, ctx }) => getPublicMetrics(ctx.prisma, input)),
-});
diff --git a/src/typescript/api/test/helpers/fake-openai.ts b/src/typescript/api/test/helpers/fake-openai.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1e3701f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/typescript/api/test/helpers/fake-openai.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,202 @@
+/* eslint-disable @typescript-eslint/explicit-module-boundary-types */
+import assert from "node:assert/strict";
+import OpenAI from "openai";
+import type {
+  Response as OpenAiResponse,
+  ResponseCreateParamsNonStreaming,
+  ResponseFunctionToolCall,
+  ResponseFunctionWebSearch,
+  ResponseOutputItem,
+  ResponseOutputMessage,
+  ResponseReasoningItem,
+} from "openai/resources/responses/responses";
+import type { InvestigatorRequestAudit } from "../../src/lib/investigators/interface.js";
+
+/**
+ * A real OpenAI SDK client whose HTTP transport is a test double: tests see
+ * exactly the request bodies the SDK puts on the wire, and replies go through
+ * the SDK's own response handling and error classes.
+ */
+
+export interface RecordedOpenAiRequest {
+  path: string;
+  /** The JSON body as sent. */
+  body: ResponseCreateParamsNonStreaming;
+}
+
+export type FakeOpenAiReply =
+  | { kind: "response"; response: OpenAiResponse }
+  | { kind: "http_error"; status: number; message: string }
+  /** Never answers; the request ends only when the SDK aborts it. */
+  | { kind: "hang" };
+
+export function createFakeOpenAiClient(
+  reply: (
+    request: RecordedOpenAiRequest,
+    index: number,
+  ) => FakeOpenAiReply | Promise<FakeOpenAiReply>,
+  clientOptions: { timeoutMs?: number } = {},
+) {
+  const requests: RecordedOpenAiRequest[] = [];
+  const client = new OpenAI({
+    apiKey: "sk-test-fake-key",
+    maxRetries: 0,
+    ...(clientOptions.timeoutMs === undefined ? {} : { timeout: clientOptions.timeoutMs }),
+    fetch: async (url, init) => {
+      const requestBody = init?.body;
+      if (typeof requestBody !== "string") {
+        assert.fail("the SDK sends JSON string bodies");
+      }
+      const request: RecordedOpenAiRequest = {
+        path: new URL(url instanceof Request ? url.url : url).pathname,
+        body: JSON.parse(requestBody),
+      };
+      requests.push(request);
+      const result = await reply(request, requests.length - 1);
+      if (result.kind === "hang") {
+        return new Promise<globalThis.Response>((_resolve, reject) => {
+          const signal = init?.signal;
+          signal?.addEventListener("abort", () => {
+            reject(new DOMException("The operation was aborted.", "AbortError"));
+          });
+        });
+      }
+      const status = result.kind === "response" ? 200 : result.status;
+      const responseBody =
+        result.kind === "response"
+          ? result.response
+          : { error: { message: result.message, type: "invalid_request_error" } };
+      return new globalThis.Response(JSON.stringify(responseBody), {
+        status,
+        headers: { "content-type": "application/json" },
+      });
+    },
+  });
+  return { client, requests };
+}
+
+export function makeResponse(input: {
+  id: string;
+  output: ResponseOutputItem[];
+  status?: OpenAiResponse["status"];
+  model?: string;
+  incompleteReason?: "max_output_tokens" | "content_filter";
+}): OpenAiResponse {
+  return {
+    id: input.id,
+    object: "response",
+    created_at: 1_760_000_000,
+    model: input.model ?? "gpt-6.1-sol-2026-09-01",
+    status: input.status ?? "completed",
+    output: input.output,
+    output_text: "",
+    error: null,
+    incomplete_details:
+      input.incompleteReason === undefined ? null : { reason: input.incompleteReason },
+    instructions: null,
+    metadata: null,
+    parallel_tool_calls: true,
+    temperature: null,
+    tool_choice: "auto",
+    tools: [],
+    top_p: null,
+    usage: {
+      input_tokens: 100,
+      input_tokens_details: { cached_tokens: 10 },
+      output_tokens: 50,
+      output_tokens_details: { reasoning_tokens: 20 },
+      total_tokens: 150,
+    },
+  };
+}
+
+export function makeFunctionCall(
+  callId: string,
+  name: string,
+  args: unknown,
+): ResponseFunctionToolCall {
+  return {
+    type: "function_call",
+    id: `fc_${callId}`,
+    call_id: callId,
+    name,
+    arguments: JSON.stringify(args),
+    status: "completed",
+  };
+}
+
+export function makeMessage(id: string, text: string): ResponseOutputMessage {
+  return {
+    type: "message",
+    id,
+    role: "assistant",
+    status: "completed",
+    content: [{ type: "output_text", text, annotations: [] }],
+  };
+}
+
+export function makeReasoning(id: string, summaries: string[]): ResponseReasoningItem {
+  return {
+    type: "reasoning",
+    id,
+    summary: summaries.map((text) => ({ type: "summary_text", text })),
+  };
+}
+
+export function makeWebSearch(
+  id: string,
+  query: string,
+  sourceUrls: string[],
+): ResponseFunctionWebSearch {
+  return {
+    type: "web_search_call",
+    id,
+    status: "completed",
+    action: {
+      type: "search",
+      query,
+      sources: sourceUrls.map((url) => ({ type: "url", url })),
+    },
+  };
+}
+
+export function makeVerdictResponse(id: string, approved: boolean): OpenAiResponse {
+  return makeResponse({ id, output: [makeMessage(`msg_${id}`, JSON.stringify({ approved }))] });
+}
+
+export function makeClaim(label: string) {
+  return {
+    text: `Incorrect claim: ${label}`,
+    context: `The article states ${label}`,
+    summary: `${label} is wrong because of evidence`,
+    reasoning: `Detailed reasoning for ${label}`,
+    sources: [
+      {
+        url: `https://example.com/${label.toLowerCase()}`,
+        title: `Source ${label}`,
+        snippet: `Evidence for ${label}`,
+      },
+    ],
+  };
+}
+
+/** Whether a recorded request is a stage-2 validation call (structured verdict, no tools). */
+export function isValidationRequest(request: RecordedOpenAiRequest): boolean {
+  return request.body.text !== undefined;
+}
+
+/** A validation request's audit, for tests that only need some request to carry. */
+export function makeValidationRequestAudit(claimIndex: number): InvestigatorRequestAudit {
+  return {
+    subject: { kind: "CLAIM_VALIDATION", claimIndex },
+    model: "gpt-6.1-sol",
+    instructions: "validation instructions",
+    input: "validation prompt",
+    previousResponseId: null,
+    reasoningEffort: "medium",
+    reasoningSummary: "detailed",
+    include: [],
+    tools: [],
+    response: null,
+  };
+}
diff --git a/src/typescript/api/test/integration/api-endpoints.attempt-audit.integration.test.ts b/src/typescript/api/test/integration/api-endpoints.attempt-audit.integration.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1ef114e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/typescript/api/test/integration/api-endpoints.attempt-audit.integration.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,329 @@
+import type {
+  InvestigatorOutput,
+  InvestigatorRequestAudit,
+} from "../../src/lib/investigators/interface.js";
+import {
+  assert,
+  orchestrateInvestigation,
+  prisma,
+  seedInvestigation,
+  seedPost,
+  test,
+  withIntegrationPrefix,
+} from "./api-endpoints.integration.shared.js";
+
+const RECEIVED_AT = new Date("2026-10-02T12:00:00.000Z");
+
+function factCheckRound(round: number): InvestigatorRequestAudit {
+  return {
+    subject: { kind: "FACT_CHECK_ROUND", round },
+    model: "gpt-6.1-sol",
+    instructions: "fact-check instructions",
+    input:
+      round === 0
+        ? [
+            {
+              role: "user",
+              content: [
+                { type: "input_text", text: "Post text" },
+                { type: "input_image", detail: "auto", imageContentHash: "hash-image" },
+              ],
+            },
+          ]
+        : [{ type: "function_call_output", call_id: "call-1", output: '{"acknowledged":true}' }],
+    previousResponseId: round === 0 ? null : "resp_round_0",
+    reasoningEffort: "medium",
+    reasoningSummary: "detailed",
+    include: ["web_search_call.action.sources"],
+    tools: [
+      { toolType: "web_search", rawDefinition: { type: "web_search" } },
+      { toolType: "function", rawDefinition: { type: "function", name: "submit_correction" } },
+    ],
+    response: {
+      providerResponseId: `resp_round_${round.toString()}`,
+      status: "completed",
+      modelVersion: "gpt-6.1-sol-2026-09-01",
+      receivedAt: RECEIVED_AT,
+      outputItems:
+        round === 0
+          ? [
+              {
+                providerItemId: "rs_1",
+                itemType: "reasoning",
+                itemStatus: null,
+                content: { kind: "REASONING", summaries: ["Check the date.", "Search."] },
+              },
+              {
+                providerItemId: "ws_1",
+                itemType: "web_search_call",
+                itemStatus: "completed",
+                content: {
+                  kind: "TOOL_CALL",
+                  rawPayload: {
+                    type: "web_search_call",
+                    id: "ws_1",
+                    status: "completed",
+                    action: {
+                      type: "search",
+                      query: "q",
+                      sources: [{ type: "url", url: "https://a.example" }],
+                    },
+                  },
+                },
+              },
+            ]
+          : [
+              {
+                providerItemId: "msg_1",
+                itemType: "message",
+                itemStatus: "completed",
+                content: {
+                  kind: "MESSAGE",
+                  textParts: [
+                    {
+                      partType: "output_text",
+                      text: "Done, see source.",
+                      annotations: [
+                        {
+                          annotationType: "url_citation",
+                          startIndex: 0,
+                          endIndex: 4,
+                          url: "https://a.example",
+                          title: "A",
+                          fileId: null,
+                        },
+                      ],
+                    },
+                  ],
+                },
+              },
+            ],
+      usage: {
+        inputTokens: 100,
+        outputTokens: 20,
+        totalTokens: 120,
+        cachedInputTokens: 0,
+        reasoningOutputTokens: 10,
+      },
+    },
+  };
+}
+
+function claimValidation(claimIndex: number): InvestigatorRequestAudit {
+  return {
+    subject: { kind: "CLAIM_VALIDATION", claimIndex },
+    model: "gpt-6.1-sol",
+    instructions: "validation instructions",
+    input: `validation prompt ${claimIndex.toString()}`,
+    previousResponseId: null,
+    reasoningEffort: "medium",
+    reasoningSummary: "detailed",
+    include: [],
+    tools: [],
+    response: null,
+  };
+}
+
+void test("a completed investigation records its model and one audit row per provider request", async () => {
+  const post = await seedPost({
+    platform: "X",
+    externalId: "attempt-audit-requests-1",
+    url: "https://x.com/openerrata/status/attempt-audit-requests-1",
+    contentText: "Every provider request gets its own audit row.",
+  });
+  const investigation = await seedInvestigation({
+    postId: post.id,
+    contentHash: post.contentHash,
+    contentText: post.contentText,
+    provenance: "CLIENT_FALLBACK",
+    status: "PENDING",
+    promptLabel: "attempt-audit-requests",
+  });
+  const output: InvestigatorOutput = {
+    result: { claims: [] },
+    attemptAudit: {
+      outcome: "SUCCEEDED",
+      startedAt: RECEIVED_AT,
+      completedAt: RECEIVED_AT,
+      requests: [factCheckRound(0), factCheckRound(1), claimValidation(0)],
+    },
+    model: "gpt-6.1-sol",
+    modelVersion: "gpt-6.1-sol-2026-09-01",
+  };
+
+  await orchestrateInvestigation(
+    investigation.id,
+    { info() {}, warn() {}, error() {} },
+    {
+      workerIdentity: withIntegrationPrefix("worker-attempt-audit"),
+      createInvestigator: () => ({ investigate: async () => output }),
+    },
+  );
+
+  const stored = await prisma.investigation.findUniqueOrThrow({
+    where: { id: investigation.id },
+    select: { status: true, model: true, modelVersion: true },
+  });
+  assert.deepEqual(stored, {
+    status: "COMPLETE",
+    model: "gpt-6.1-sol",
+    modelVersion: "gpt-6.1-sol-2026-09-01",
+  });
+
+  const attempt = await prisma.investigationAttempt.findFirstOrThrow({
+    where: { investigationId: investigation.id },
+    include: {
+      error: true,
+      requests: {
+        // Enum order: FACT_CHECK_ROUND before CLAIM_VALIDATION.
+        orderBy: [{ kind: "asc" }, { factCheckRound: "asc" }, { claimIndex: "asc" }],
+        include: {
+          requestedTools: { orderBy: { requestOrder: "asc" } },
+          response: {
+            include: {
+              usage: true,
+              outputItems: {
+                orderBy: { outputIndex: "asc" },
+                include: {
+                  textParts: { include: { annotations: true } },
+                  reasoningSummaries: { orderBy: { summaryIndex: "asc" } },
+                  toolCall: true,
+                },
+              },
+            },
+          },
+        },
+      },
+    },
+  });
+  assert.equal(attempt.outcome, "SUCCEEDED");
+  assert.equal(attempt.error, null);
+
+  assert.deepEqual(
+    attempt.requests.map((request) => [request.kind, request.factCheckRound, request.claimIndex]),
+    [
+      ["FACT_CHECK_ROUND", 0, null],
+      ["FACT_CHECK_ROUND", 1, null],
+      ["CLAIM_VALIDATION", null, 0],
+    ],
+  );
+  const [round0, round1, validation] = attempt.requests;
+  assert.ok(validation && round0 && round1);
+  assert.equal(validation.response, null);
+  assert.equal(validation.input, "validation prompt 0");
+  assert.deepEqual(validation.include, []);
+
+  assert.deepEqual(round0.input, factCheckRound(0).input);
+  assert.equal(round0.previousResponseId, null);
+  assert.equal(round1.previousResponseId, "resp_round_0");
+  assert.deepEqual(round0.include, ["web_search_call.action.sources"]);
+  assert.deepEqual(
+    round0.requestedTools.map((tool) => [tool.requestOrder, tool.toolType]),
+    [
+      [0, "web_search"],
+      [1, "function"],
+    ],
+  );
+
+  assert.ok(round0.response);
+  assert.equal(round0.response.providerResponseId, "resp_round_0");
+  assert.equal(round0.response.receivedAt?.toISOString(), RECEIVED_AT.toISOString());
+  assert.equal(round0.response.usage?.totalTokens, 120);
+  const [reasoning, webSearch] = round0.response.outputItems;
+  assert.ok(reasoning && webSearch);
+  assert.equal(reasoning.providerItemId, "rs_1");
+  assert.equal(reasoning.itemStatus, null);
+  assert.deepEqual(
+    reasoning.reasoningSummaries.map((summary) => summary.text),
+    ["Check the date.", "Search."],
+  );
+  assert.ok(webSearch.toolCall);
+  assert.deepEqual(webSearch.toolCall.rawPayload, {
+    type: "web_search_call",
+    id: "ws_1",
+    status: "completed",
+    action: { type: "search", query: "q", sources: [{ type: "url", url: "https://a.example" }] },
+  });
+
+  const [message] = round1.response?.outputItems ?? [];
+  assert.equal(message?.textParts[0]?.text, "Done, see source.");
+  assert.equal(message.textParts[0].annotations[0]?.url, "https://a.example");
+});
+
+void test("the database rejects a COMPLETE investigation without a recorded model", async () => {
+  const post = await seedPost({
+    platform: "X",
+    externalId: "attempt-audit-model-check-1",
+    url: "https://x.com/openerrata/status/attempt-audit-model-check-1",
+    contentText: "COMPLETE requires a model.",
+  });
+  const investigation = await seedInvestigation({
+    postId: post.id,
+    contentHash: post.contentHash,
+    contentText: post.contentText,
+    provenance: "CLIENT_FALLBACK",
+    status: "PENDING",
+    promptLabel: "attempt-audit-model-check",
+  });
+
+  await assert.rejects(
+    prisma.investigation.update({
+      where: { id: investigation.id },
+      data: { status: "COMPLETE", checkedAt: new Date() },
+    }),
+    /Investigation_model_consistency_check/,
+  );
+  await assert.rejects(
+    prisma.investigation.update({
+      where: { id: investigation.id },
+      data: { model: "gpt-6.1-sol" },
+    }),
+    /Investigation_model_consistency_check/,
+  );
+});
+
+void test("the database rejects an attempt request whose subject does not match its kind", async () => {
+  const post = await seedPost({
+    platform: "X",
+    externalId: "attempt-audit-subject-check-1",
+    url: "https://x.com/openerrata/status/attempt-audit-subject-check-1",
+    contentText: "Request subjects must match their kind.",
+  });
+  const investigation = await seedInvestigation({
+    postId: post.id,
+    contentHash: post.contentHash,
+    contentText: post.contentText,
+    provenance: "CLIENT_FALLBACK",
+    status: "FAILED",
+    promptLabel: "attempt-audit-subject-check",
+  });
+  const attempt = await prisma.investigationAttempt.create({
+    data: {
+      investigationId: investigation.id,
+      attemptNumber: 1,
+      outcome: "FAILED",
+      startedAt: new Date(),
+      completedAt: new Date(),
+    },
+  });
+
+  const request = {
+    attemptId: attempt.id,
+    model: "gpt-6.1-sol",
+    instructions: "instructions",
+    input: "input",
+    include: [],
+  };
+  for (const subject of [
+    { kind: "FACT_CHECK_ROUND" as const, factCheckRound: null, claimIndex: null },
+    { kind: "FACT_CHECK_ROUND" as const, factCheckRound: 0, claimIndex: 0 },
+    { kind: "CLAIM_VALIDATION" as const, factCheckRound: 0, claimIndex: null },
+    { kind: "LEGACY_COMBINED" as const, factCheckRound: 0, claimIndex: null },
+  ]) {
+    await assert.rejects(
+      prisma.investigationAttemptRequest.create({ data: { ...request, ...subject } }),
+      /InvestigationAttemptRequest_subject_check/,
+      JSON.stringify(subject),
+    );
+  }
+});
diff --git a/src/typescript/api/test/integration/api-endpoints.integration.attempt-audit.ts b/src/typescript/api/test/integration/api-endpoints.integration.attempt-audit.ts
index 204a6a5..89bf4f3 100644
--- a/src/typescript/api/test/integration/api-endpoints.integration.attempt-audit.ts
+++ b/src/typescript/api/test/integration/api-endpoints.integration.attempt-audit.ts
@@ -1,43 +1,65 @@
-/* eslint-disable @typescript-eslint/explicit-module-boundary-types */
-export function buildSucceededAttemptAudit(label: string) {
-  const now = new Date().toISOString();
+import type {
+  InvestigatorFailedAttemptAudit,
+  InvestigatorOutput,
+  InvestigatorRequestAudit,
+  InvestigatorSucceededAttemptAudit,
+} from "../../src/lib/investigators/interface.js";
+
+function buildFactCheckRequestAudit(label: string): InvestigatorRequestAudit {
   return {
-    startedAt: now,
-    completedAt: now,
-    requestModel: `test-model-${label}`,
-    requestInstructions: `instructions-${label}`,
-    requestInput: `input-${label}`,
-    requestReasoningEffort: null,
-    requestReasoningSummary: null,
-    requestedTools: [],
+    subject: { kind: "FACT_CHECK_ROUND", round: 0 },
+    model: "gpt-6.1-sol",
+    instructions: `instructions-${label}`,
+    input: `input-${label}`,
+    previousResponseId: null,
+    reasoningEffort: "medium",
+    reasoningSummary: "detailed",
+    include: ["web_search_call.action.sources"],
+    tools: [{ toolType: "web_search", rawDefinition: { type: "web_search" } }],
     response: {
-      responseId: `response-${label}`,
-      responseStatus: "completed",
-      responseModelVersion: "test-model-version",
-      responseOutputText: '{"claims":[]}',
-      outputItems: [],
-      outputTextParts: [],
-      outputTextAnnotations: [],
-      reasoningSummaries: [],
-      toolCalls: [],
-      usage: null,
+      providerResponseId: `response-${label}`,
+      status: "completed",
+      modelVersion: "test-model-version",
+      receivedAt: new Date(),
+      outputItems: [
+        {
+          providerItemId: `msg-${label}`,
+          itemType: "message",
+          itemStatus: "completed",
+          content: {
+            kind: "MESSAGE",
+            textParts: [{ partType: "output_text", text: "No issues found.", annotations: [] }],
+          },
+        },
+      ],
+      usage: {
+        inputTokens: 10,
+        outputTokens: 5,
+        totalTokens: 15,
+        cachedInputTokens: 0,
+        reasoningOutputTokens: 2,
+      },
     },
-    error: null,
   };
 }
 
-export function buildFailedAttemptAudit(label: string) {
-  const now = new Date().toISOString();
+export function buildSucceededAttemptAudit(label: string): InvestigatorSucceededAttemptAudit {
+  const now = new Date();
   return {
+    outcome: "SUCCEEDED",
     startedAt: now,
     completedAt: now,
-    requestModel: `test-model-${label}`,
-    requestInstructions: `instructions-${label}`,
-    requestInput: `input-${label}`,
-    requestReasoningEffort: null,
-    requestReasoningSummary: null,
-    requestedTools: [],
-    response: null,
+    requests: [buildFactCheckRequestAudit(label)],
+  };
+}
+
+export function buildFailedAttemptAudit(label: string): InvestigatorFailedAttemptAudit {
+  const now = new Date();
+  return {
+    outcome: "FAILED",
+    startedAt: now,
+    completedAt: now,
+    requests: [{ ...buildFactCheckRequestAudit(label), response: null }],
     error: {
       errorName: "TransientTestFailure",
       errorMessage: `transient-error-${label}`,
@@ -45,3 +67,13 @@ export function buildFailedAttemptAudit(label: string) {
     },
   };
 }
+
+/** A successful investigator result with no claims, as the fake investigators return it. */
+export function buildSucceededInvestigatorOutput(label: string): InvestigatorOutput {
+  return {
+    result: { claims: [] },
+    attemptAudit: buildSucceededAttemptAudit(label),
+    model: "gpt-6.1-sol",
+    modelVersion: "test-model-version",
+  };
+}
diff --git a/src/typescript/api/test/integration/api-endpoints.integration.shared.ts b/src/typescript/api/test/integration/api-endpoints.integration.shared.ts
index 38528ab..a95b24e 100644
--- a/src/typescript/api/test/integration/api-endpoints.integration.shared.ts
+++ b/src/typescript/api/test/integration/api-endpoints.integration.shared.ts
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ import {
   hashContent,
   isNonNullObject,
   normalizeContent,
+  observedImageUrlsFromOccurrences,
   serializeVersionHashSeed,
   serializeVersionIdentityImageOccurrences,
   WORD_COUNT_LIMIT,
@@ -22,11 +23,17 @@ import {
 import {
   buildFailedAttemptAudit,
   buildSucceededAttemptAudit,
+  buildSucceededInvestigatorOutput,
 } from "./api-endpoints.integration.attempt-audit.js";
 import { applyIntegrationEnvironmentDefaults } from "./integration-env.js";
+import {
+  installMockOpenAiApi,
+  lesswrongPostIdFromGraphqlBody,
+} from "./helpers/external-api-mocks.js";
 import { INTEGRATION_LESSWRONG_FIXTURE_KEYS, readLesswrongFixture } from "./lesswrong-fixtures.js";
 
 applyIntegrationEnvironmentDefaults(process.env);
+installMockOpenAiApi();
 
 const INTEGRATION_TEST_RUN_ID = [
   Date.now().toString(36),
@@ -48,11 +55,12 @@ const [
   { buildHealthResponse },
   { handlePublicGraphqlRequest },
   { closeQueueUtils },
-  { ensureInvestigationQueued },
   { runSelector },
+  { requestInvestigation, UserOpenAiKeyRejectedError },
+  { LeaseLostError },
   { lesswrongHtmlToNormalizedText },
   { orchestrateInvestigation },
-  { OpenAIInvestigator, InvestigatorExecutionError },
+  { InvestigatorExecutionError },
 ] = await Promise.all([
   import("../../src/lib/trpc/router.js"),
   import("../../src/lib/db/client.js"),
@@ -61,11 +69,12 @@ const [
   import("../../src/lib/services/health.js"),
   import("../../src/lib/graphql/handler.js"),
   import("../../src/lib/services/queue.js"),
-  import("../../src/lib/services/investigation-lifecycle.js"),
   import("../../src/lib/services/selector.js"),
+  import("../../src/lib/services/investigate-now.js"),
+  import("../../src/lib/services/investigation-lease.js"),
   import("../../src/lib/services/content-fetcher.js"),
   import("../../src/lib/services/orchestrator.js"),
-  import("../../src/lib/investigators/openai.js"),
+  import("../../src/lib/investigators/errors.js"),
 ]);
 
 const prisma = getPrisma();
@@ -137,15 +146,12 @@ function createCaller(options: CallerOptions = {}): AppCaller {
     viewerKey: options.viewerKey ?? "integration-viewer",
     ipRangeKey: options.ipRangeKey ?? "integration-ip-range",
     isAuthenticated,
-    canInvestigate: isAuthenticated || userOpenAiApiKey !== null,
     userOpenAiApiKey,
-    hasValidAttestation: false,
     extensionVersion: options.extensionVersion ?? MINIMUM_SUPPORTED_EXTENSION_VERSION,
     minimumSupportedExtensionVersion: MINIMUM_SUPPORTED_EXTENSION_VERSION,
   });
 
   return {
-    public: caller.public,
     post: {
       registerObservedVersion: caller.post.registerObservedVersion,
       getInvestigation: caller.post.getInvestigation,
@@ -464,6 +470,8 @@ async function assertSchemaCatalogInvariants(): Promise<void> {
     WHERE n.nspname = 'public'
       AND NOT tg.tgisinternal
       AND tg.tgname IN (
+        'enforce_lease_status_on_investigation_trigger',
+        'enforce_lease_status_on_lease_trigger',
         'enforce_investigation_parent_semantics_trigger',
         'enforce_referenced_parent_investigation_validity_trigger',
         'enforce_server_verified_at_latch_trigger',
@@ -476,6 +484,22 @@ async function assertSchemaCatalogInvariants(): Promise<void> {
     string,
     { tableName: string; functionName: string; requiredFragments: string[] }
   >([
+    [
+      "enforce_lease_status_on_investigation_trigger",
+      {
+        tableName: "Investigation",
+        functionName: "enforce_lease_status_on_investigation",
+        requiredFragments: ["after insert or update of status", "deferrable initially deferred"],
+      },
+    ],
+    [
+      "enforce_lease_status_on_lease_trigger",
+      {
+        tableName: "InvestigationLease",
+        functionName: "enforce_lease_status_on_lease",
+        requiredFragments: ["after insert or delete or update", "deferrable initially deferred"],
+      },
+    ],
     [
       "enforce_investigation_parent_semantics_trigger",
       {
@@ -565,6 +589,8 @@ async function assertSchemaCatalogInvariants(): Promise<void> {
     FROM information_schema.triggers
     WHERE trigger_schema = 'public'
       AND trigger_name IN (
+        'enforce_lease_status_on_investigation_trigger',
+        'enforce_lease_status_on_lease_trigger',
         'enforce_investigation_parent_semantics_trigger',
         'enforce_referenced_parent_investigation_validity_trigger',
         'enforce_server_verified_at_latch_trigger',
@@ -575,6 +601,11 @@ async function assertSchemaCatalogInvariants(): Promise<void> {
   const expectedTriggerEvents = [
     "enforce_investigation_parent_semantics_trigger|Investigation|BEFORE|INSERT",
     "enforce_investigation_parent_semantics_trigger|Investigation|BEFORE|UPDATE",
+    "enforce_lease_status_on_investigation_trigger|Investigation|AFTER|INSERT",
+    "enforce_lease_status_on_investigation_trigger|Investigation|AFTER|UPDATE",
+    "enforce_lease_status_on_lease_trigger|InvestigationLease|AFTER|DELETE",
+    "enforce_lease_status_on_lease_trigger|InvestigationLease|AFTER|INSERT",
+    "enforce_lease_status_on_lease_trigger|InvestigationLease|AFTER|UPDATE",
     "enforce_referenced_parent_investigation_validity_trigger|Investigation|BEFORE|UPDATE",
     "enforce_server_verified_at_latch_trigger|PostVersion|BEFORE|UPDATE",
     "enforce_server_verified_html_snapshot_trigger|PostVersion|AFTER|INSERT",
@@ -791,34 +822,8 @@ async function ensureServerHtmlSnapshotForSeed(input: {
       }
       return;
     }
-    case "SUBSTACK": {
-      const existing = await prisma.substackVersionMeta.findUnique({
-        where: { postVersionId: input.postVersionId },
-        select: { serverHtmlBlobId: true },
-      });
-      if (existing === null) {
-        await prisma.substackVersionMeta.create({
-          data: {
-            postVersionId: input.postVersionId,
-            substackPostId: `seed-${input.externalId}`,
-            publicationSubdomain: "seed",
-            slug: `seed-${input.externalId}`,
-            title: "Seeded Substack Post",
-            serverHtmlBlobId: htmlBlob.id,
-            imageUrls: [],
-            authorName: "Seed Author",
-          },
-        });
-        return;
-      }
-      if (existing.serverHtmlBlobId === null) {
-        await prisma.substackVersionMeta.updateMany({
-          where: { postVersionId: input.postVersionId, serverHtmlBlobId: null },
-          data: { serverHtmlBlobId: htmlBlob.id },
-        });
-      }
-      return;
-    }
+    case "SUBSTACK":
+      throw new Error("Substack has no server-side fetch; seed Substack posts as CLIENT_FALLBACK");
     case "WIKIPEDIA": {
       const existing = await prisma.wikipediaVersionMeta.findUnique({
         where: { postVersionId: input.postVersionId },
@@ -1095,6 +1100,10 @@ async function seedInvestigation(input: {
   contentDiff?: string;
   leaseOwner?: string | null;
   leaseExpiresAt?: Date | null;
+  /** Defaults to INSTANCE_REQUEST so seeds never count against the selector's daily budget. */
+  origin?: "SELECTOR" | "INSTANCE_REQUEST" | "USER_KEY_REQUEST";
+  admittedAt?: Date;
+  attemptCount?: number;
 }): Promise<{ id: string }> {
   const prompt = await seedPrompt(input.promptLabel);
   const checkedAt = input.status === "COMPLETE" ? (input.checkedAt ?? new Date()) : null;
@@ -1107,12 +1116,19 @@ async function seedInvestigation(input: {
 
   const investigationId = randomUUID();
   const investigation = await prisma.$transaction(async (tx) => {
+    const post = await tx.post.findUniqueOrThrow({
+      where: { id: input.postId },
+      select: { url: true },
+    });
     await tx.investigationInput.create({
       data: {
         investigationId,
         provenance: input.provenance,
         contentHash: input.contentHash,
         markdownSource: "NONE",
+        imagePlaceholderSourceUrls: [],
+        postUrl: post.url,
+        hasVideo: false,
       },
     });
 
@@ -1124,7 +1140,10 @@ async function seedInvestigation(input: {
         status: input.status,
         promptId: prompt.id,
         provider: "OPENAI",
-        model: "OPENAI_GPT_5",
+        model: input.status === "COMPLETE" ? "gpt-6.1-sol" : null,
+        origin: input.origin ?? "INSTANCE_REQUEST",
+        admittedAt: input.admittedAt ?? new Date(),
+        attemptCount: input.attemptCount ?? 0,
         checkedAt,
         parentInvestigationId: input.parentInvestigationId ?? null,
         contentDiff: input.contentDiff ?? null,
@@ -1174,14 +1193,19 @@ async function seedInvestigationWithLeaseFields(input: {
   });
 }
 
+/**
+ * Seed one claim with one source. `text` is the passage the claim quotes;
+ * tests that do not depend on where the claim sits get a generic label.
+ */
 async function seedClaimWithSource(
   investigationId: string,
   index: number,
+  options: { text?: string } = {},
 ): Promise<{ id: string }> {
   const claim = await prisma.claim.create({
     data: {
       investigationId,
-      text: `Claim ${index.toString()}`,
+      text: options.text ?? `Claim ${index.toString()}`,
       context: `Context ${index.toString()}`,
       summary: `Summary ${index.toString()}`,
       reasoning: `Reasoning ${index.toString()}`,
@@ -1195,7 +1219,6 @@ async function seedClaimWithSource(
       url: `https://example.com/source-${index.toString()}`,
       title: `Source ${index.toString()}`,
       snippet: `Snippet ${index.toString()}`,
-      retrievedAt: new Date("2026-02-19T00:00:00.000Z"),
     },
   });
 
@@ -1216,7 +1239,6 @@ async function seedCorroborationCredits(investigationId: string, count: number):
 function buildXViewInput(input: {
   externalId: string;
   observedContentText: string;
-  observedImageUrls?: string[];
   observedImageOccurrences?: {
     originalIndex: number;
     normalizedTextOffset: number;
@@ -1226,14 +1248,12 @@ function buildXViewInput(input: {
 }) {
   const externalId = withIntegrationPrefix(input.externalId);
   const observedContentText = input.observedContentText;
-  const observedImageUrls = input.observedImageUrls ?? [];
 
   return {
     platform: "X" as const,
     externalId,
     url: `https://x.com/openerrata/status/${externalId}`,
     observedContentText,
-    ...(observedImageUrls.length === 0 ? {} : { observedImageUrls }),
     ...(input.observedImageOccurrences === undefined
       ? {}
       : { observedImageOccurrences: input.observedImageOccurrences }),
@@ -1241,7 +1261,7 @@ function buildXViewInput(input: {
       authorHandle: withIntegrationPrefix("author"),
       authorDisplayName: "Integration Author",
       text: observedContentText,
-      mediaUrls: observedImageUrls,
+      mediaUrls: observedImageUrlsFromOccurrences(input.observedImageOccurrences),
     },
   };
 }
@@ -1270,6 +1290,12 @@ async function withMockLesswrongFetch<ResponseType>(
   return withMockLesswrongCanonicalHtml(fixture.html, run);
 }
 
+/** Identity the mocked LessWrong GraphQL API reports for every post. */
+const LESSWRONG_MOCK_SERVER_SLUG = "server-slug";
+const LESSWRONG_MOCK_SERVER_TITLE = "Server LW Title";
+const LESSWRONG_MOCK_SERVER_AUTHOR_SLUG = withIntegrationPrefix("server-lw-author");
+const LESSWRONG_MOCK_SERVER_AUTHOR_NAME = "Server LW Author";
+
 async function withMockLesswrongCanonicalHtml<ResponseType>(
   html: string,
   run: () => Promise<ResponseType>,
@@ -1284,15 +1310,23 @@ async function withMockLesswrongCanonicalHtml<ResponseType>(
       return originalFetch(input, init);
     }
     sawLesswrongRequest = true;
+    const postId = lesswrongPostIdFromGraphqlBody(init?.body);
 
     return new Response(
       JSON.stringify({
         data: {
           post: {
             result: {
+              _id: postId,
+              slug: LESSWRONG_MOCK_SERVER_SLUG,
+              title: LESSWRONG_MOCK_SERVER_TITLE,
               contents: {
                 html,
               },
+              user: {
+                slug: LESSWRONG_MOCK_SERVER_AUTHOR_SLUG,
+                displayName: LESSWRONG_MOCK_SERVER_AUTHOR_NAME,
+              },
             },
           },
         },
@@ -1413,9 +1447,13 @@ export {
   EMPTY_IMAGE_OCCURRENCES_HASH,
   INTEGRATION_DATA_PREFIX,
   INTEGRATION_LESSWRONG_FIXTURE_KEYS,
+  LeaseLostError,
+  LESSWRONG_MOCK_SERVER_AUTHOR_NAME,
+  LESSWRONG_MOCK_SERVER_AUTHOR_SLUG,
+  LESSWRONG_MOCK_SERVER_SLUG,
+  LESSWRONG_MOCK_SERVER_TITLE,
   InvestigatorExecutionError,
   MINIMUM_SUPPORTED_EXTENSION_VERSION,
-  OpenAIInvestigator,
   WORD_COUNT_LIMIT,
   appRouter,
   assert,
@@ -1424,13 +1462,13 @@ export {
   buildHealthResponse,
   buildLesswrongViewInput,
   buildSucceededAttemptAudit,
+  buildSucceededInvestigatorOutput,
   buildXViewInput,
   closeQueueUtils,
   createCaller,
   createContext,
   createDeterministicRandom,
   createMockRequestEvent,
-  ensureInvestigationQueued,
   ensurePostVersionForSeed,
   errorHasOpenErrataCode,
   getPrisma,
@@ -1446,6 +1484,7 @@ export {
   randomChance,
   randomInt,
   readLesswrongFixture,
+  requestInvestigation,
   resetDatabase,
   runConcurrentInvestigateNowScenario,
   runSelector,
@@ -1465,6 +1504,7 @@ export {
   sha256,
   sleep,
   test,
+  UserOpenAiKeyRejectedError,
   versionHashFromContentHash,
   withIntegrationPrefix,
   withMockLesswrongCanonicalHtml,
diff --git a/src/typescript/api/test/integration/api-endpoints.lifecycle.integration.test.ts b/src/typescript/api/test/integration/api-endpoints.lifecycle.integration.test.ts
index 3f1311c..62fd989 100644
--- a/src/typescript/api/test/integration/api-endpoints.lifecycle.integration.test.ts
+++ b/src/typescript/api/test/integration/api-endpoints.lifecycle.integration.test.ts
@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
-import type { InvestigatorInput } from "../../src/lib/investigators/interface.js";
+import OpenAI from "openai";
+import type { Investigator } from "../../src/lib/investigators/interface.js";
 import {
   EMPTY_IMAGE_OCCURRENCES_HASH,
   INTEGRATION_DATA_PREFIX,
   INTEGRATION_LESSWRONG_FIXTURE_KEYS,
   InvestigatorExecutionError,
   MINIMUM_SUPPORTED_EXTENSION_VERSION,
-  OpenAIInvestigator,
   WORD_COUNT_LIMIT,
   appRouter,
   assert,
@@ -13,13 +13,13 @@ import {
   buildFailedAttemptAudit,
   buildLesswrongViewInput,
   buildSucceededAttemptAudit,
+  buildSucceededInvestigatorOutput,
   buildXViewInput,
   closeQueueUtils,
   createCaller,
   createContext,
   createDeterministicRandom,
   createMockRequestEvent,
-  ensureInvestigationQueued,
   ensurePostVersionForSeed,
   errorHasOpenErrataCode,
   getPrisma,
@@ -58,6 +58,11 @@ import {
   withIntegrationPrefix,
   withMockLesswrongCanonicalHtml,
   withMockLesswrongFetch,
+  LeaseLostError,
+  LESSWRONG_MOCK_SERVER_AUTHOR_NAME,
+  LESSWRONG_MOCK_SERVER_SLUG,
+  requestInvestigation,
+  UserOpenAiKeyRejectedError,
 } from "./api-endpoints.integration.shared.js";
 
 void [
@@ -66,7 +71,6 @@ void [
   INTEGRATION_LESSWRONG_FIXTURE_KEYS,
   InvestigatorExecutionError,
   MINIMUM_SUPPORTED_EXTENSION_VERSION,
-  OpenAIInvestigator,
   WORD_COUNT_LIMIT,
   appRouter,
   assert,
@@ -74,13 +78,13 @@ void [
   buildFailedAttemptAudit,
   buildLesswrongViewInput,
   buildSucceededAttemptAudit,
+  buildSucceededInvestigatorOutput,
   buildXViewInput,
   closeQueueUtils,
   createCaller,
   createContext,
   createDeterministicRandom,
   createMockRequestEvent,
-  ensureInvestigationQueued,
   ensurePostVersionForSeed,
   errorHasOpenErrataCode,
   getPrisma,
@@ -141,36 +145,21 @@ void test("orchestrateInvestigation skips work when lease is held by another wor
   });
 
   let investigateCalled = false;
-  const originalInvestigateDescriptor = Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(
-    OpenAIInvestigator.prototype,
-    "investigate",
-  );
-  assert.ok(originalInvestigateDescriptor);
-  assert.equal(typeof originalInvestigateDescriptor.value, "function");
-  OpenAIInvestigator.prototype.investigate = async () => {
-    investigateCalled = true;
-    return {
-      result: { claims: [] },
-      attemptAudit: buildSucceededAttemptAudit("lease-held"),
-      modelVersion: "test-model-version",
-    };
-  };
+  const createInvestigator = (): Investigator => ({
+    investigate: async () => {
+      investigateCalled = true;
+      return buildSucceededInvestigatorOutput("lease-held");
+    },
+  });
 
-  try {
-    await orchestrateInvestigation(
-      investigation.id,
-      { info() {}, warn() {}, error() {} },
-      {
-        workerIdentity: withIntegrationPrefix("contending-worker"),
-      },
-    );
-  } finally {
-    Object.defineProperty(
-      OpenAIInvestigator.prototype,
-      "investigate",
-      originalInvestigateDescriptor,
-    );
-  }
+  await orchestrateInvestigation(
+    investigation.id,
+    { info() {}, warn() {}, error() {} },
+    {
+      workerIdentity: withIntegrationPrefix("contending-worker"),
+      createInvestigator,
+    },
+  );
 
   assert.equal(investigateCalled, false);
   const storedInvestigation = await prisma.investigation.findUnique({
@@ -214,54 +203,39 @@ void test("orchestrateInvestigation passes update context to investigator for up
   });
 
   let sawExpectedUpdateContext = false;
-  const originalInvestigateDescriptor = Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(
-    OpenAIInvestigator.prototype,
-    "investigate",
-  );
-  assert.ok(originalInvestigateDescriptor);
-  assert.equal(typeof originalInvestigateDescriptor.value, "function");
-  OpenAIInvestigator.prototype.investigate = async (input: InvestigatorInput) => {
-    assert.equal(input.isUpdate, true);
-    assert.equal(input.contentDiff, contentDiff);
-    assert.deepStrictEqual(input.oldClaims, [
-      {
-        id: parentClaim.id,
-        text: "Claim 1",
-        context: "Context 1",
-        summary: "Summary 1",
-        reasoning: "Reasoning 1",
-        sources: [
-          {
-            url: "https://example.com/source-1",
-            title: "Source 1",
-            snippet: "Snippet 1",
-          },
-        ],
-      },
-    ]);
-    sawExpectedUpdateContext = true;
-    return {
-      result: { claims: [] },
-      attemptAudit: buildSucceededAttemptAudit("update-context"),
-      modelVersion: "test-model-version",
-    };
-  };
+  const createInvestigator = (): Investigator => ({
+    investigate: async (input) => {
+      assert.equal(input.isUpdate, true);
+      assert.equal(input.contentDiff, contentDiff);
+      assert.deepStrictEqual(input.oldClaims, [
+        {
+          id: parentClaim.id,
+          text: "Claim 1",
+          context: "Context 1",
+          summary: "Summary 1",
+          reasoning: "Reasoning 1",
+          sources: [
+            {
+              url: "https://example.com/source-1",
+              title: "Source 1",
+              snippet: "Snippet 1",
+            },
+          ],
+        },
+      ]);
+      sawExpectedUpdateContext = true;
+      return buildSucceededInvestigatorOutput("update-context");
+    },
+  });
 
-  try {
-    await orchestrateInvestigation(
-      updateInvestigation.id,
-      { info() {}, warn() {}, error() {} },
-      {
-        workerIdentity: withIntegrationPrefix("worker-update-context"),
-      },
-    );
-  } finally {
-    Object.defineProperty(
-      OpenAIInvestigator.prototype,
-      "investigate",
-      originalInvestigateDescriptor,
-    );
-  }
+  await orchestrateInvestigation(
+    updateInvestigation.id,
+    { info() {}, warn() {}, error() {} },
+    {
+      workerIdentity: withIntegrationPrefix("worker-update-context"),
+      createInvestigator,
+    },
+  );
 
   assert.equal(sawExpectedUpdateContext, true);
 
@@ -294,74 +268,59 @@ void test("orchestrateInvestigation does not persist late progress updates after
     resolveLateCallbackFired = resolve;
   });
 
-  const originalInvestigateDescriptor = Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(
-    OpenAIInvestigator.prototype,
-    "investigate",
-  );
-  assert.ok(originalInvestigateDescriptor);
-  assert.equal(typeof originalInvestigateDescriptor.value, "function");
-  OpenAIInvestigator.prototype.investigate = async (_input: InvestigatorInput, callbacks) => {
-    const latePending = [
-      {
-        text: "Late pending claim",
-        context: "Late pending context",
-        summary: "Late pending summary",
-        reasoning: "Late pending reasoning",
-        sources: [
-          {
-            url: "https://example.com/late-pending",
-            title: "Late Pending Source",
-            snippet: "Late pending snippet",
-          },
-        ],
-      },
-    ];
-    const lateConfirmed = [
-      {
-        text: "Late confirmed claim",
-        context: "Late confirmed context",
-        summary: "Late confirmed summary",
-        reasoning: "Late confirmed reasoning",
-        sources: [
-          {
-            url: "https://example.com/late-confirmed",
-            title: "Late Confirmed Source",
-            snippet: "Late confirmed snippet",
-          },
-        ],
-      },
-    ];
+  const createInvestigator = (): Investigator => ({
+    investigate: async (_input, options) => {
+      const latePending = [
+        {
+          text: "Late pending claim",
+          context: "Late pending context",
+          summary: "Late pending summary",
+          reasoning: "Late pending reasoning",
+          sources: [
+            {
+              url: "https://example.com/late-pending",
+              title: "Late Pending Source",
+              snippet: "Late pending snippet",
+            },
+          ],
+        },
+      ];
+      const lateConfirmed = [
+        {
+          text: "Late confirmed claim",
+          context: "Late confirmed context",
+          summary: "Late confirmed summary",
+          reasoning: "Late confirmed reasoning",
+          sources: [
+            {
+              url: "https://example.com/late-confirmed",
+              title: "Late Confirmed Source",
+              snippet: "Late confirmed snippet",
+            },
+          ],
+        },
+      ];
 
-    setTimeout(() => {
-      callbacks?.onProgressUpdate(latePending, lateConfirmed);
-      resolveLateCallbackFired();
-    }, 25);
+      setTimeout(() => {
+        options.callbacks?.onProgressUpdate(latePending, lateConfirmed);
+        resolveLateCallbackFired();
+      }, 25);
 
-    return {
-      result: { claims: [] },
-      attemptAudit: buildSucceededAttemptAudit("late-progress"),
-      modelVersion: "test-model-version",
-    };
-  };
+      return buildSucceededInvestigatorOutput("late-progress");
+    },
+  });
 
-  try {
-    await orchestrateInvestigation(
-      investigation.id,
-      { info() {}, warn() {}, error() {} },
-      {
-        workerIdentity: withIntegrationPrefix("worker-late-progress"),
-      },
-    );
-    await lateCallbackFired;
-    // Allow the asynchronous callback write attempt to settle.
-    await sleep(50);
-  } finally {
-    Object.defineProperty(
-      OpenAIInvestigator.prototype,
-      "investigate",
-      originalInvestigateDescriptor,
-    );
-  }
+  await orchestrateInvestigation(
+    investigation.id,
+    { info() {}, warn() {}, error() {} },
+    {
+      workerIdentity: withIntegrationPrefix("worker-late-progress"),
+      createInvestigator,
+    },
+  );
+  await lateCallbackFired;
+  // Allow the asynchronous callback write attempt to settle.
+  await sleep(50);
 
   const storedInvestigation = await prisma.investigation.findUnique({
     where: { id: investigation.id },
@@ -407,29 +366,21 @@ void test("orchestrateInvestigation ignores stale transient failure after anothe
     };
   });
 
-  const originalInvestigateDescriptor = Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(
-    OpenAIInvestigator.prototype,
-    "investigate",
-  );
-  assert.ok(originalInvestigateDescriptor);
-  assert.equal(typeof originalInvestigateDescriptor.value, "function");
-  OpenAIInvestigator.prototype.investigate = async () => {
-    callCount += 1;
-    if (callCount === 1) {
-      markFirstStarted();
-      await firstWorkerContinue;
-      throw new InvestigatorExecutionError(
-        "simulated transient failure from stale worker",
-        buildFailedAttemptAudit("stale"),
-        new Error("network timeout"),
-      );
-    }
-    return {
-      result: { claims: [] },
-      attemptAudit: buildSucceededAttemptAudit("winner"),
-      modelVersion: "test-model-version",
-    };
-  };
+  const createInvestigator = (): Investigator => ({
+    investigate: async () => {
+      callCount += 1;
+      if (callCount === 1) {
+        markFirstStarted();
+        await firstWorkerContinue;
+        throw new InvestigatorExecutionError(
+          "simulated transient failure from stale worker",
+          buildFailedAttemptAudit("stale"),
+          new Error("network timeout"),
+        );
+      }
+      return buildSucceededInvestigatorOutput("winner");
+    },
+  });
 
   try {
     const firstWorker = orchestrateInvestigation(
@@ -437,6 +388,7 @@ void test("orchestrateInvestigation ignores stale transient failure after anothe
       { info() {}, warn() {}, error() {} },
       {
         workerIdentity: withIntegrationPrefix("worker-a"),
+        createInvestigator,
       },
     );
     await firstWorkerStarted;
@@ -455,6 +407,7 @@ void test("orchestrateInvestigation ignores stale transient failure after anothe
       { info() {}, warn() {}, error() {} },
       {
         workerIdentity: withIntegrationPrefix("worker-b"),
+        createInvestigator,
       },
     );
 
@@ -462,11 +415,6 @@ void test("orchestrateInvestigation ignores stale transient failure after anothe
     await firstWorker;
   } finally {
     releaseFirstWorker();
-    Object.defineProperty(
-      OpenAIInvestigator.prototype,
-      "investigate",
-      originalInvestigateDescriptor,
-    );
   }
 
   assert.equal(callCount, 2);
@@ -518,6 +466,7 @@ void test("orchestrateInvestigation marks exhausted stale PROCESSING investigati
     { info() {}, warn() {}, error() {} },
     {
       workerIdentity: withIntegrationPrefix("worker-exhausted-stale"),
+      createInvestigator: () => assert.fail("an exhausted investigation must not run"),
     },
   );
 
@@ -533,12 +482,12 @@ void test("orchestrateInvestigation marks exhausted stale PROCESSING investigati
   assert.equal(stored.lease, null);
 });
 
-void test("ensureInvestigationQueued requeueing FAILED resets retry counters and clears stale lease row", async () => {
+void test("investigateNow leaves FAILED investigations terminal and never resets attempt numbering", async () => {
   const post = await seedPost({
     platform: "X",
-    externalId: withIntegrationPrefix("ensure-queued-requeue-failed-reset-1"),
-    url: "https://x.com/openerrata/status/ensure-queued-requeue-failed-reset-1",
-    contentText: "Failed investigations should become runnable when requeued.",
+    externalId: "investigate-now-failed-terminal-1",
+    url: "https://x.com/openerrata/status/investigate-now-failed-terminal-1",
+    contentText: "Failed investigations stay failed for this content version.",
   });
   const investigation = await seedInvestigation({
     postId: post.id,
@@ -546,58 +495,20 @@ void test("ensureInvestigationQueued requeueing FAILED resets retry counters and
     contentText: post.contentText,
     provenance: "CLIENT_FALLBACK",
     status: "FAILED",
-    promptLabel: "ensure-queued-requeue-failed-reset",
+    promptLabel: "investigate-now-failed-terminal",
+    attemptCount: 4,
   });
-  const prompt = await seedPrompt("ensure-queued-requeue-failed-reset-prompt");
 
-  await prisma.investigation.update({
-    where: { id: investigation.id },
-    data: {
-      attemptCount: 4, // MAX_INVESTIGATION_ATTEMPTS
-      retryAfter: new Date(Date.now() + 10 * 60_000),
-    },
-  });
-  await prisma.investigationLease.create({
-    data: {
-      investigationId: investigation.id,
-      leaseOwner: withIntegrationPrefix("stale-failed-lease"),
-      leaseExpiresAt: new Date(Date.now() - 5 * 60_000),
-      startedAt: new Date(Date.now() - 10 * 60_000),
-      heartbeatAt: new Date(Date.now() - 5 * 60_000),
-    },
-  });
-
-  const storedBefore = await prisma.investigation.findUnique({
-    where: { id: investigation.id },
-    select: { postVersionId: true },
-  });
-  assert.ok(storedBefore);
-
-  const result = await ensureInvestigationQueued({
-    prisma,
-    postVersionId: storedBefore.postVersionId,
-    promptId: prompt.id,
-    allowRequeueFailed: true,
-    enqueue: false,
-  });
-
-  assert.equal(result.investigation.id, investigation.id);
-  assert.equal(result.investigation.status, "PENDING");
+  const caller = createCaller({ isAuthenticated: true });
+  const result = await caller.post.investigateNow({ postVersionId: post.postVersionId });
 
-  const storedAfter = await prisma.investigation.findUnique({
+  assert.equal(result.investigationId, investigation.id);
+  assert.equal(result.status, "FAILED");
+  const stored = await prisma.investigation.findUniqueOrThrow({
     where: { id: investigation.id },
-    select: {
-      status: true,
-      attemptCount: true,
-      retryAfter: true,
-      lease: { select: { investigationId: true } },
-    },
+    select: { status: true, attemptCount: true },
   });
-  assert.ok(storedAfter);
-  assert.equal(storedAfter.status, "PENDING");
-  assert.equal(storedAfter.attemptCount, 0);
-  assert.equal(storedAfter.retryAfter, null);
-  assert.equal(storedAfter.lease, null);
+  assert.deepEqual(stored, { status: "FAILED", attemptCount: 4 });
 });
 
 void test("investigateNow persists InvestigationInput snapshot at queue time", async () => {
@@ -618,6 +529,7 @@ void test("investigateNow persists InvestigationInput snapshot at queue time", a
     select: {
       id: true,
       inputId: true,
+      origin: true,
       input: {
         select: {
           investigationId: true,
@@ -625,257 +537,388 @@ void test("investigateNow persists InvestigationInput snapshot at queue time", a
           markdownSource: true,
           markdown: true,
           markdownRendererVersion: true,
+          postUrl: true,
+          authorName: true,
+          hasVideo: true,
+          imagePlaceholderSourceUrls: true,
         },
       },
     },
   });
   assert.ok(investigation);
   assert.equal(investigation.inputId, investigation.id);
+  assert.equal(investigation.origin, "INSTANCE_REQUEST");
   assert.equal(investigation.input.investigationId, investigation.id);
   assert.equal(investigation.input.provenance, "SERVER_VERIFIED");
   assert.equal(investigation.input.markdownSource, "SERVER_HTML");
   assert.equal(typeof investigation.input.markdown, "string");
   assert.equal(typeof investigation.input.markdownRendererVersion, "string");
+  // Prompt context comes from the server-verified identity, frozen at queue time.
+  assert.equal(
+    investigation.input.postUrl,
+    `https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/${viewInput.externalId}/${LESSWRONG_MOCK_SERVER_SLUG}`,
+  );
+  assert.equal(investigation.input.authorName, LESSWRONG_MOCK_SERVER_AUTHOR_NAME);
+  assert.equal(investigation.input.hasVideo, false);
+  assert.deepEqual(investigation.input.imagePlaceholderSourceUrls, []);
+
+  // Later changes to the live Post row do not reach the snapshot.
+  await prisma.post.updateMany({
+    where: { externalId: viewInput.externalId },
+    data: { url: "https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/changed" },
+  });
+  const snapshotAfterEdit = await prisma.investigationInput.findUniqueOrThrow({
+    where: { investigationId: investigation.id },
+    select: { postUrl: true },
+  });
+  assert.equal(snapshotAfterEdit.postUrl, investigation.input.postUrl);
 });
 
-void test("ensureInvestigationQueued randomized state model preserves lifecycle invariants", async () => {
-  const random = createDeterministicRandom(0x94ab73d1);
-  const rounds = 18;
-  const seedCases = [
-    { name: "new", status: null },
-    { name: "failed", status: "FAILED" },
-    { name: "pending", status: "PENDING" },
-    { name: "processing-stale", status: "PROCESSING", leaseKind: "STALE" },
-    { name: "processing-active", status: "PROCESSING", leaseKind: "ACTIVE" },
-  ] as const;
-
-  for (let round = 0; round < rounds; round += 1) {
-    const seedCaseIndex = randomInt(random, 0, seedCases.length - 1);
-    const seedCase = seedCases[seedCaseIndex];
-    assert.ok(seedCase, `seed case index out of bounds: ${seedCaseIndex.toString()}`);
-    const allowRequeueFailed = randomChance(random, 0.5);
-    const enqueue = randomChance(random, 0.7);
-    const includeOnPendingInvestigation = randomChance(random, 0.6);
-    const canonicalProvenance = randomChance(random, 0.5) ? "SERVER_VERIFIED" : "CLIENT_FALLBACK";
-    const roundTag = [
-      `round=${round.toString()}`,
-      `seedCase=${seedCase.name}`,
-      `allowRequeueFailed=${allowRequeueFailed.toString()}`,
-      `enqueue=${enqueue.toString()}`,
-      `canonicalProvenance=${canonicalProvenance}`,
-    ].join(" ");
+type RequestedState =
+  | "NONE"
+  | "COMPLETE"
+  | "FAILED"
+  | "PENDING_FUNDED"
+  | "PENDING_UNFUNDED"
+  | "PROCESSING_ACTIVE"
+  | "PROCESSING_STALE"
+  | "PROCESSING_STALE_EXHAUSTED";
+
+interface RequestInvestigationCase {
+  state: RequestedState;
+  requester: "INSTANCE_API_KEY" | "USER_OPENAI_KEY";
+  expected: {
+    status: "PENDING" | "PROCESSING" | "COMPLETE" | "FAILED";
+    origin: "SELECTOR" | "INSTANCE_REQUEST" | "USER_KEY_REQUEST";
+    hasKeySource: boolean;
+    hasLease: boolean;
+  };
+}
+
+const REQUEST_INVESTIGATION_CASES: RequestInvestigationCase[] = [
+  {
+    state: "NONE",
+    requester: "INSTANCE_API_KEY",
+    expected: {
+      status: "PENDING",
+      origin: "INSTANCE_REQUEST",
+      hasKeySource: false,
+      hasLease: false,
+    },
+  },
+  {
+    state: "NONE",
+    requester: "USER_OPENAI_KEY",
+    expected: {
+      status: "PENDING",
+      origin: "USER_KEY_REQUEST",
+      hasKeySource: true,
+      hasLease: false,
+    },
+  },
+  {
+    state: "COMPLETE",
+    requester: "USER_OPENAI_KEY",
+    expected: { status: "COMPLETE", origin: "SELECTOR", hasKeySource: false, hasLease: false },
+  },
+  {
+    state: "FAILED",
+    requester: "USER_OPENAI_KEY",
+    expected: { status: "FAILED", origin: "SELECTOR", hasKeySource: false, hasLease: false },
+  },
+  // A user key never takes over an investigation someone else is paying for.
+  {
+    state: "PENDING_FUNDED",
+    requester: "USER_OPENAI_KEY",
+    expected: { status: "PENDING", origin: "SELECTOR", hasKeySource: false, hasLease: false },
+  },
+  {
+    state: "PENDING_UNFUNDED",
+    requester: "INSTANCE_API_KEY",
+    expected: {
+      status: "PENDING",
+      origin: "INSTANCE_REQUEST",
+      hasKeySource: false,
+      hasLease: false,
+    },
+  },
+  {
+    state: "PENDING_UNFUNDED",
+    requester: "USER_OPENAI_KEY",
+    expected: {
+      status: "PENDING",
+      origin: "USER_KEY_REQUEST",
+      hasKeySource: true,
+      hasLease: false,
+    },
+  },
+  {
+    state: "PROCESSING_ACTIVE",
+    requester: "USER_OPENAI_KEY",
+    expected: { status: "PROCESSING", origin: "SELECTOR", hasKeySource: false, hasLease: true },
+  },
+  {
+    state: "PROCESSING_STALE",
+    requester: "INSTANCE_API_KEY",
+    expected: { status: "PENDING", origin: "SELECTOR", hasKeySource: false, hasLease: false },
+  },
+  {
+    state: "PROCESSING_STALE_EXHAUSTED",
+    requester: "INSTANCE_API_KEY",
+    expected: { status: "FAILED", origin: "SELECTOR", hasKeySource: false, hasLease: false },
+  },
+];
 
+function seedStatusFor(state: Exclude<RequestedState, "NONE">) {
+  switch (state) {
+    case "COMPLETE":
+      return "COMPLETE" as const;
+    case "FAILED":
+      return "FAILED" as const;
+    case "PENDING_FUNDED":
+    case "PENDING_UNFUNDED":
+      return "PENDING" as const;
+    case "PROCESSING_ACTIVE":
+    case "PROCESSING_STALE":
+    case "PROCESSING_STALE_EXHAUSTED":
+      return "PROCESSING" as const;
+  }
+}
+
+void test("requestInvestigation follows the investigateNow state table for every starting state", async () => {
+  const prompt = await seedPrompt("request-investigation-state-table");
+  for (const [index, testCase] of REQUEST_INVESTIGATION_CASES.entries()) {
+    const caseTag = `${testCase.state}/${testCase.requester}`;
     const post = await seedPost({
       platform: "X",
-      externalId: `ensure-queued-fuzz-${round.toString()}`,
-      url: `https://x.com/openerrata/status/${withIntegrationPrefix(`ensure-queued-fuzz-${round.toString()}`)}`,
-      contentText: `ensureInvestigationQueued fuzz payload ${roundTag}`,
+      externalId: `request-investigation-state-${index.toString()}`,
+      url: `https://x.com/openerrata/status/${withIntegrationPrefix(`request-investigation-state-${index.toString()}`)}`,
+      contentText: `requestInvestigation state table ${caseTag}`,
     });
-    const prompt = await seedPrompt(`ensure-queued-fuzz-${round.toString()}`);
-
-    let seededInvestigationId: string | null = null;
-    let seededExistingProvenance: "SERVER_VERIFIED" | "CLIENT_FALLBACK" | null = null;
-    let seededActiveLeaseOwner: string | null = null;
-    let seededActiveLeaseExpiresAt: Date | null = null;
 
-    if (seedCase.status !== null) {
-      seededExistingProvenance = randomChance(random, 0.5) ? "SERVER_VERIFIED" : "CLIENT_FALLBACK";
-      const leaseKind = "leaseKind" in seedCase ? seedCase.leaseKind : null;
-
-      const activeLeaseOwner =
-        leaseKind === "ACTIVE" ? withIntegrationPrefix(`active-worker-${round.toString()}`) : null;
-      const activeLeaseExpiresAt =
-        leaseKind === "ACTIVE" ? new Date(Date.now() + 10 * 60_000) : null;
-      seededActiveLeaseOwner = activeLeaseOwner;
-      seededActiveLeaseExpiresAt = activeLeaseExpiresAt;
-
-      const investigation = await seedInvestigation({
+    let seededId: string | null = null;
+    if (testCase.state !== "NONE") {
+      const stale = testCase.state.startsWith("PROCESSING_STALE");
+      const seeded = await seedInvestigation({
         postId: post.id,
         contentHash: post.contentHash,
         contentText: post.contentText,
-        provenance: seededExistingProvenance,
-        status: seedCase.status,
-        promptLabel: `ensure-queued-existing-${round.toString()}`,
-        ...(leaseKind === "ACTIVE" && activeLeaseOwner !== null && activeLeaseExpiresAt !== null
-          ? {
-              leaseOwner: activeLeaseOwner,
-              leaseExpiresAt: activeLeaseExpiresAt,
-            }
-          : leaseKind === "STALE"
-            ? {
-                leaseOwner: withIntegrationPrefix(`stale-worker-${round.toString()}`),
-                leaseExpiresAt: new Date(Date.now() - 5 * 60_000),
-              }
-            : {}),
+        provenance: "CLIENT_FALLBACK",
+        status: seedStatusFor(testCase.state),
+        promptLabel: `request-investigation-state-${index.toString()}`,
+        origin: testCase.state === "PENDING_UNFUNDED" ? "USER_KEY_REQUEST" : "SELECTOR",
+        attemptCount: testCase.state === "PROCESSING_STALE_EXHAUSTED" ? 4 : 1,
+        ...(stale ? { leaseExpiresAt: new Date(Date.now() - 60_000) } : {}),
       });
-      seededInvestigationId = investigation.id;
-      // The lease row (including leaseOwner, leaseExpiresAt) is fully created
-      // by seedInvestigation above. No follow-up seedInvestigationWithLeaseFields
-      // call is needed here — startedAt/heartbeatAt are not asserted in this test.
+      seededId = seeded.id;
     }
 
-    let onPendingInvestigationCalls = 0;
-    let onPendingInvestigationId: string | null = null;
-    const canonicalPostVersion = await ensurePostVersionForSeed({
-      postId: post.id,
-      contentHash: post.contentHash,
-      contentText: post.contentText,
-      provenance: canonicalProvenance,
+    const postVersion = await prisma.postVersion.findUniqueOrThrow({
+      where: { id: post.postVersionId },
+      select: {
+        id: true,
+        postId: true,
+        contentBlob: { select: { contentText: true, wordCount: true } },
+      },
     });
-    const result = await ensureInvestigationQueued({
-      prisma,
-      postVersionId: canonicalPostVersion.id,
+    const { investigationId } = await requestInvestigation(prisma, {
+      postVersion,
       promptId: prompt.id,
-      allowRequeueFailed,
-      enqueue,
-      ...(includeOnPendingInvestigation
-        ? {
-            onPendingInvestigation: async ({ investigation }) => {
-              onPendingInvestigationCalls += 1;
-              onPendingInvestigationId = investigation.id;
+      requester:
+        testCase.requester === "INSTANCE_API_KEY"
+          ? { kind: "INSTANCE_API_KEY" }
+          : {
+              kind: "USER_OPENAI_KEY",
+              apiKey: `sk-test-state-table-${index.toString()}-0123456789`,
             },
-          }
-        : {}),
     });
 
-    const startedWithoutInvestigation = seedCase.status === null;
-    const expectedCreated = startedWithoutInvestigation;
-    const statusAfterRecord = startedWithoutInvestigation
-      ? "PENDING"
-      : seedCase.status === "FAILED" && allowRequeueFailed
-        ? "PENDING"
-        : seedCase.status;
-    const leaseKind = "leaseKind" in seedCase ? seedCase.leaseKind : null;
-    const expectedRecoveredFromStaleProcessing =
-      statusAfterRecord === "PROCESSING" && leaseKind === "STALE";
-    const expectedFinalStatus = expectedRecoveredFromStaleProcessing
-      ? "PENDING"
-      : statusAfterRecord;
-    const expectedEnqueued = enqueue && expectedFinalStatus === "PENDING";
-
-    assert.equal(result.created, expectedCreated, `created mismatch (${roundTag})`);
-    assert.equal(result.enqueued, expectedEnqueued, `enqueued mismatch (${roundTag})`);
-    assert.equal(
-      result.investigation.status,
-      expectedFinalStatus,
-      `result status mismatch (${roundTag})`,
-    );
-    if (seededInvestigationId !== null) {
-      assert.equal(
-        result.investigation.id,
-        seededInvestigationId,
-        `existing investigation identity mismatch (${roundTag})`,
-      );
-    }
-
-    const expectedOnPendingInvestigationCalls =
-      includeOnPendingInvestigation && expectedEnqueued ? 1 : 0;
-    assert.equal(
-      onPendingInvestigationCalls,
-      expectedOnPendingInvestigationCalls,
-      `onPendingInvestigation invocation mismatch (${roundTag})`,
-    );
-    if (expectedOnPendingInvestigationCalls === 1) {
-      assert.equal(
-        onPendingInvestigationId,
-        result.investigation.id,
-        `onPendingInvestigation investigation mismatch (${roundTag})`,
-      );
+    if (seededId !== null) {
+      assert.equal(investigationId, seededId, `existing investigation reused (${caseTag})`);
     }
-
-    const storedInvestigations = await prisma.investigation.findMany({
-      where: {
-        postVersion: {
-          postId: post.id,
-        },
-      },
+    const stored = await prisma.investigation.findUniqueOrThrow({
+      where: { id: investigationId },
       select: {
-        id: true,
         status: true,
-        queuedAt: true,
-        postVersion: {
-          select: {
-            serverVerifiedAt: true,
-          },
-        },
+        origin: true,
+        openAiKeySource: { select: { investigationId: true } },
+        lease: { select: { investigationId: true } },
       },
     });
-    assert.equal(
-      storedInvestigations.length,
-      1,
-      `exactly one investigation row expected (${roundTag})`,
-    );
-    const storedInvestigation = storedInvestigations[0];
-    assert.ok(storedInvestigation, `missing stored investigation (${roundTag})`);
-    assert.equal(
-      storedInvestigation.id,
-      result.investigation.id,
-      `stored investigation id mismatch (${roundTag})`,
-    );
-    assert.equal(
-      storedInvestigation.status,
-      expectedFinalStatus,
-      `stored status mismatch (${roundTag})`,
+    assert.deepEqual(
+      {
+        status: stored.status,
+        origin: stored.origin,
+        hasKeySource: stored.openAiKeySource !== null,
+        hasLease: stored.lease !== null,
+      },
+      testCase.expected,
+      caseTag,
     );
+  }
+});
 
-    const expectedServerVerified =
-      seedCase.status === null
-        ? canonicalProvenance === "SERVER_VERIFIED"
-        : seededExistingProvenance === "SERVER_VERIFIED" ||
-          canonicalProvenance === "SERVER_VERIFIED";
-    if (expectedServerVerified) {
-      assert.notEqual(
-        storedInvestigation.postVersion.serverVerifiedAt,
-        null,
-        `server-verified rows should have serverVerifiedAt (${roundTag})`,
-      );
-    } else {
-      assert.equal(
-        storedInvestigation.postVersion.serverVerifiedAt,
-        null,
-        `client-fallback rows should not have serverVerifiedAt (${roundTag})`,
-      );
-    }
+void test("requestInvestigation verifies a user key before it funds anything", async () => {
+  const prompt = await seedPrompt("request-investigation-rejected-key");
+  const post = await seedPost({
+    platform: "X",
+    externalId: "request-investigation-rejected-key-1",
+    url: `https://x.com/openerrata/status/${withIntegrationPrefix("request-investigation-rejected-key-1")}`,
+    contentText: "A key OpenAI rejects must not create or fund an investigation.",
+  });
+  const postVersion = await prisma.postVersion.findUniqueOrThrow({
+    where: { id: post.postVersionId },
+    select: {
+      id: true,
+      postId: true,
+      contentBlob: { select: { contentText: true, wordCount: true } },
+    },
+  });
 
-    // queuedAt is now always non-null (@default(now())), so just verify it's set
-    assert.notEqual(
-      storedInvestigation.queuedAt,
-      null,
-      `queuedAt should always be populated (${roundTag})`,
-    );
+  await assert.rejects(
+    requestInvestigation(prisma, {
+      postVersion,
+      promptId: prompt.id,
+      requester: { kind: "USER_OPENAI_KEY", apiKey: "sk-test-rejected-key-0123456789" },
+    }),
+    (error: unknown) =>
+      error instanceof UserOpenAiKeyRejectedError && error.outcome.openaiApiKeyStatus === "invalid",
+  );
+  assert.equal(
+    await prisma.investigation.count({ where: { postVersionId: post.postVersionId } }),
+    0,
+  );
+});
 
-    // Check lease state via InvestigationLease table
-    const storedLease = await prisma.investigationLease.findUnique({
-      where: { investigationId: storedInvestigation.id },
-      select: { leaseOwner: true, leaseExpiresAt: true },
-    });
+async function requestUserKeyInvestigation(externalId: string): Promise<string> {
+  const caller = createCaller({ userOpenAiApiKey: `sk-test-${externalId}` });
+  const result = await caller.post.investigateNow(
+    buildXViewInput({ externalId, observedContentText: `User key funding for ${externalId}.` }),
+  );
+  assert.equal(result.status, "PENDING");
+  return result.investigationId;
+}
 
-    if (expectedRecoveredFromStaleProcessing) {
-      assert.equal(
-        storedLease,
-        null,
-        `recovered stale investigations should have no lease row (${roundTag})`,
-      );
-    }
+void test("orchestrateInvestigation drops a user key OpenAI refuses instead of failing the investigation", async () => {
+  const investigationId = await requestUserKeyInvestigation("user-key-refused-1");
 
-    if (statusAfterRecord === "PROCESSING" && !expectedRecoveredFromStaleProcessing) {
-      assert.equal(
-        leaseKind,
-        "ACTIVE",
-        `non-recovered processing cases must come from active lease seeds (${roundTag})`,
-      );
-      assert.ok(storedLease, `active processing investigation should have lease row (${roundTag})`);
-      assert.equal(
-        storedLease.leaseOwner,
-        seededActiveLeaseOwner,
-        `active processing investigation should keep lease owner (${roundTag})`,
-      );
-      assert.ok(seededActiveLeaseExpiresAt, `active lease should have seeded expiry (${roundTag})`);
-      assert.equal(
-        storedLease.leaseExpiresAt.getTime(),
-        seededActiveLeaseExpiresAt.getTime(),
-        `active processing investigation should keep lease expiry (${roundTag})`,
-      );
-    }
-  }
+  await orchestrateInvestigation(
+    investigationId,
+    { info() {}, warn() {}, error() {} },
+    {
+      workerIdentity: withIntegrationPrefix("worker-user-key-refused"),
+      createInvestigator: () => ({
+        investigate: () =>
+          Promise.reject(
+            new InvestigatorExecutionError(
+              "OpenAI rejected the key",
+              buildFailedAttemptAudit("user-key-refused"),
+              OpenAI.APIError.generate(
+                401,
+                { error: { message: "Incorrect API key provided" } },
+                undefined,
+                new Headers(),
+              ),
+            ),
+          ),
+      }),
+    },
+  );
+
+  const stored = await prisma.investigation.findUniqueOrThrow({
+    where: { id: investigationId },
+    select: {
+      status: true,
+      origin: true,
+      attemptCount: true,
+      openAiKeySource: { select: { investigationId: true } },
+      attempts: { select: { attemptNumber: true, outcome: true } },
+    },
+  });
+  assert.equal(stored.status, "PENDING");
+  assert.equal(stored.origin, "USER_KEY_REQUEST");
+  assert.equal(stored.openAiKeySource, null);
+  assert.deepEqual(stored.attempts, [{ attemptNumber: 1, outcome: "FAILED" }]);
+
+  // Unfunded: a worker that picks the job up again does nothing, and never
+  // falls back to the server key.
+  await orchestrateInvestigation(
+    investigationId,
+    { info() {}, warn() {}, error() {} },
+    {
+      workerIdentity: withIntegrationPrefix("worker-user-key-unfunded"),
+      createInvestigator: () => assert.fail("an unfunded investigation must not run"),
+    },
+  );
+  const afterSkip = await prisma.investigation.findUniqueOrThrow({
+    where: { id: investigationId },
+    select: { status: true, attemptCount: true },
+  });
+  assert.deepEqual(afterSkip, { status: "PENDING", attemptCount: stored.attemptCount });
+});
+
+void test("orchestrateInvestigation drops an expired user key before calling OpenAI", async () => {
+  const investigationId = await requestUserKeyInvestigation("user-key-expired-1");
+  await prisma.investigationOpenAiKeySource.update({
+    where: { investigationId },
+    data: { expiresAt: new Date(Date.now() - 1_000) },
+  });
+
+  await orchestrateInvestigation(
+    investigationId,
+    { info() {}, warn() {}, error() {} },
+    {
+      workerIdentity: withIntegrationPrefix("worker-user-key-expired"),
+      createInvestigator: () => assert.fail("an expired user key must not reach OpenAI"),
+    },
+  );
+
+  const stored = await prisma.investigation.findUniqueOrThrow({
+    where: { id: investigationId },
+    select: { status: true, openAiKeySource: { select: { investigationId: true } } },
+  });
+  assert.equal(stored.status, "PENDING");
+  assert.equal(stored.openAiKeySource, null);
+});
+
+void test("orchestrateInvestigation abandons an attempt whose lease was lost without writing", async () => {
+  const post = await seedPost({
+    platform: "X",
+    externalId: "orchestrator-lease-lost-1",
+    url: "https://x.com/openerrata/status/orchestrator-lease-lost-1",
+    contentText: "A run that lost its lease must not write results.",
+  });
+  const investigation = await seedPendingInvestigation({
+    postId: post.id,
+    contentHash: post.contentHash,
+    contentText: post.contentText,
+    provenance: "CLIENT_FALLBACK",
+  });
+  const workerIdentity = withIntegrationPrefix("worker-lease-lost");
+
+  await orchestrateInvestigation(
+    investigation.id,
+    { info() {}, warn() {}, error() {} },
+    {
+      workerIdentity,
+      createInvestigator: () => ({
+        investigate: () =>
+          Promise.reject(new LeaseLostError(investigation.id, "simulated lost lease")),
+      }),
+    },
+  );
+
+  const stored = await prisma.investigation.findUniqueOrThrow({
+    where: { id: investigation.id },
+    select: {
+      status: true,
+      attempts: { select: { id: true } },
+      lease: { select: { leaseOwner: true } },
+    },
+  });
+  // Left for expired-lease recovery: still PROCESSING under this worker's
+  // lease, with no attempt audit or status change written.
+  assert.equal(stored.status, "PROCESSING");
+  assert.deepEqual(stored.attempts, []);
+  assert.equal(stored.lease?.leaseOwner, workerIdentity);
 });
diff --git a/src/typescript/api/test/integration/api-endpoints.public-and-auth.integration.test.ts b/src/typescript/api/test/integration/api-endpoints.public-and-auth.integration.test.ts
index 11d8f8f..af133c9 100644
--- a/src/typescript/api/test/integration/api-endpoints.public-and-auth.integration.test.ts
+++ b/src/typescript/api/test/integration/api-endpoints.public-and-auth.integration.test.ts
@@ -5,7 +5,6 @@ import {
   INTEGRATION_LESSWRONG_FIXTURE_KEYS,
   InvestigatorExecutionError,
   MINIMUM_SUPPORTED_EXTENSION_VERSION,
-  OpenAIInvestigator,
   WORD_COUNT_LIMIT,
   appRouter,
   assert,
@@ -13,13 +12,13 @@ import {
   buildFailedAttemptAudit,
   buildLesswrongViewInput,
   buildSucceededAttemptAudit,
+  buildSucceededInvestigatorOutput,
   buildXViewInput,
   closeQueueUtils,
   createCaller,
   createContext,
   createDeterministicRandom,
   createMockRequestEvent,
-  ensureInvestigationQueued,
   ensurePostVersionForSeed,
   errorHasOpenErrataCode,
   getPrisma,
@@ -66,7 +65,6 @@ void [
   INTEGRATION_LESSWRONG_FIXTURE_KEYS,
   InvestigatorExecutionError,
   MINIMUM_SUPPORTED_EXTENSION_VERSION,
-  OpenAIInvestigator,
   WORD_COUNT_LIMIT,
   appRouter,
   assert,
@@ -74,13 +72,13 @@ void [
   buildFailedAttemptAudit,
   buildLesswrongViewInput,
   buildSucceededAttemptAudit,
+  buildSucceededInvestigatorOutput,
   buildXViewInput,
   closeQueueUtils,
   createCaller,
   createContext,
   createDeterministicRandom,
   createMockRequestEvent,
-  ensureInvestigationQueued,
   ensurePostVersionForSeed,
   errorHasOpenErrataCode,
   getPrisma,
@@ -145,11 +143,11 @@ void test("post.investigateNow allows user OpenAI key callers and returns inline
   assert.equal(result.claims.length, 1);
 });
 
-void test("post.investigateNow requeues existing failed investigations as PENDING", async () => {
+void test("post.investigateNow returns existing FAILED investigations unchanged", async () => {
   const caller = createCaller({ isAuthenticated: true });
   const input = buildXViewInput({
-    externalId: "investigate-now-requeue-failed-1",
-    observedContentText: "Canonical content should be retried after FAILED state.",
+    externalId: "investigate-now-failed-terminal-1",
+    observedContentText: "FAILED is terminal for this content version.",
   });
   const seeded = await seedInvestigationForXViewInput({
     viewInput: input,
@@ -160,67 +158,94 @@ void test("post.investigateNow requeues existing failed investigations as PENDIN
   const result = await caller.post.investigateNow(input);
 
   assert.equal(result.investigationId, seeded.investigationId);
-  assert.equal(result.status, "PENDING");
+  assert.equal(result.status, "FAILED");
   assert.equal(result.provenance, "CLIENT_FALLBACK");
 
-  const stored = await prisma.investigation.findUnique({
+  const stored = await prisma.investigation.findUniqueOrThrow({
     where: { id: seeded.investigationId },
-    select: { status: true, checkedAt: true },
+    select: { status: true },
   });
-  assert.ok(stored);
-  assert.equal(stored.status, "PENDING");
-  assert.equal(stored.checkedAt, null);
+  assert.equal(stored.status, "FAILED");
 });
 
-void test("post.investigateNow attaches first user key source while investigation is PENDING", async () => {
+void test("post.investigateNow attaches a user key only to the investigation its request creates", async () => {
   const firstCaller = createCaller({
-    userOpenAiApiKey: "sk-test-user-key-first",
+    userOpenAiApiKey: "sk-test-user-key-first-0123456789",
   });
   const secondCaller = createCaller({
-    userOpenAiApiKey: "sk-test-user-key-second",
+    userOpenAiApiKey: "sk-test-user-key-second-0123456789",
   });
   const input = buildXViewInput({
     externalId: "investigate-now-user-key-first-wins-1",
-    observedContentText: "Pending investigation should keep the first user key source.",
+    observedContentText: "The creating request's key funds the investigation.",
+  });
+
+  const firstResult = await firstCaller.post.investigateNow(input);
+  assert.equal(firstResult.status, "PENDING");
+  const created = await prisma.investigation.findUniqueOrThrow({
+    where: { id: firstResult.investigationId },
+    select: {
+      origin: true,
+      openAiKeySource: { select: { ciphertext: true, iv: true, authTag: true, keyId: true } },
+    },
+  });
+  assert.equal(created.origin, "USER_KEY_REQUEST");
+  assert.ok(created.openAiKeySource);
+
+  const secondResult = await secondCaller.post.investigateNow(input);
+  assert.equal(secondResult.investigationId, firstResult.investigationId);
+  const afterSecond = await prisma.investigationOpenAiKeySource.findUniqueOrThrow({
+    where: { investigationId: firstResult.investigationId },
+    select: { ciphertext: true, iv: true, authTag: true, keyId: true },
+  });
+  assert.deepEqual(afterSecond, created.openAiKeySource);
+});
+
+void test("post.investigateNow never attaches a user key to an investigation the server is paying for", async () => {
+  const caller = createCaller({ userOpenAiApiKey: "sk-test-user-key-late-0123456789" });
+  const input = buildXViewInput({
+    externalId: "investigate-now-user-key-no-takeover-1",
+    observedContentText: "A selector-admitted investigation keeps its server funding.",
   });
   const seeded = await seedInvestigationForXViewInput({
     viewInput: input,
     status: "PENDING",
     provenance: "CLIENT_FALLBACK",
   });
+  await prisma.investigation.update({
+    where: { id: seeded.investigationId },
+    data: { origin: "SELECTOR" },
+  });
 
-  const firstResult = await firstCaller.post.investigateNow(input);
-  assert.equal(firstResult.investigationId, seeded.investigationId);
-  assert.equal(firstResult.status, "PENDING");
+  const result = await caller.post.investigateNow(input);
 
-  const storedAfterFirst = await prisma.investigationOpenAiKeySource.findUnique({
-    where: { investigationId: seeded.investigationId },
-    select: {
-      ciphertext: true,
-      iv: true,
-      authTag: true,
-      keyId: true,
-      expiresAt: true,
-    },
+  assert.equal(result.investigationId, seeded.investigationId);
+  assert.equal(result.status, "PENDING");
+  const stored = await prisma.investigation.findUniqueOrThrow({
+    where: { id: seeded.investigationId },
+    select: { origin: true, openAiKeySource: { select: { investigationId: true } } },
   });
-  assert.ok(storedAfterFirst);
+  assert.equal(stored.origin, "SELECTOR");
+  assert.equal(stored.openAiKeySource, null);
+});
 
-  const secondResult = await secondCaller.post.investigateNow(input);
-  assert.equal(secondResult.investigationId, seeded.investigationId);
-  assert.equal(secondResult.status, "PENDING");
+void test("post.investigateNow rejects a user key OpenAI refuses before creating anything", async () => {
+  const caller = createCaller({ userOpenAiApiKey: "sk-test-rejected-user-key" });
+  const input = buildXViewInput({
+    externalId: "investigate-now-user-key-rejected-1",
+    observedContentText: "A refused key must not create an investigation.",
+  });
 
-  const storedAfterSecond = await prisma.investigationOpenAiKeySource.findUnique({
-    where: { investigationId: seeded.investigationId },
-    select: {
-      ciphertext: true,
-      iv: true,
-      authTag: true,
-      keyId: true,
-      expiresAt: true,
-    },
+  await assert.rejects(caller.post.investigateNow(input), /x-openai-api-key was rejected/);
+
+  const registered = await prisma.post.findUniqueOrThrow({
+    where: { platform_externalId: { platform: "X", externalId: input.externalId } },
+    select: { versions: { select: { investigation: { select: { id: true } } } } },
   });
-  assert.ok(storedAfterSecond);
-  assert.deepEqual(storedAfterSecond, storedAfterFirst);
+  assert.deepEqual(
+    registered.versions.map((version) => version.investigation),
+    [null],
+  );
 });
 
 void test("post.investigateNow recovers stale PROCESSING investigations to PENDING", async () => {
@@ -332,8 +357,9 @@ void test("selector recovers stale PROCESSING investigations using shared lifecy
     heartbeatAt: new Date(Date.now() - 5 * 60_000),
   });
 
-  const enqueued = await runSelector();
-  assert.ok(enqueued >= 1);
+  const summary = await runSelector({ dailyBudget: 0 });
+  assert.ok(summary.recovered >= 1);
+  assert.deepEqual(summary.failures, []);
 
   const stored = await prisma.investigation.findUnique({
     where: { id: processingInvestigation.id },
@@ -353,6 +379,104 @@ void test("selector recovers stale PROCESSING investigations using shared lifecy
   assert.equal(storedLease, null);
 });
 
+async function selectorAdmissionsToday(): Promise<number> {
+  const dayStart = new Date();
+  dayStart.setUTCHours(0, 0, 0, 0);
+  return prisma.investigation.count({
+    where: { origin: "SELECTOR", admittedAt: { gte: dayStart } },
+  });
+}
+
+async function seedTopScoredPost(externalId: string, uniqueViewScore: number) {
+  const post = await seedPost({
+    platform: "X",
+    externalId,
+    url: `https://x.com/openerrata/status/${withIntegrationPrefix(externalId)}`,
+    contentText: `Selector admission candidate ${externalId}.`,
+  });
+  await prisma.post.update({ where: { id: post.id }, data: { uniqueViewScore } });
+  return post;
+}
+
+void test("selector admits at most its daily budget of new investigations per UTC day", async () => {
+  const post = await seedTopScoredPost("selector-daily-budget-1", 2_000_000_000);
+  const dailyBudget = (await selectorAdmissionsToday()) + 1;
+
+  const first = await runSelector({ dailyBudget });
+  assert.equal(first.admitted, 1);
+  assert.equal(first.budgetRemaining, 0);
+  assert.deepEqual(first.failures, []);
+  const admitted = await prisma.investigation.findUniqueOrThrow({
+    where: { postVersionId: post.postVersionId },
+    select: {
+      status: true,
+      origin: true,
+      input: { select: { postUrl: true } },
+    },
+  });
+  assert.deepEqual(admitted, {
+    status: "PENDING",
+    origin: "SELECTOR",
+    input: { postUrl: post.url },
+  });
+
+  // Running again the same day admits nothing more, however often it runs.
+  await seedTopScoredPost("selector-daily-budget-2", 2_000_000_001);
+  const second = await runSelector({ dailyBudget });
+  assert.equal(second.admitted, 0);
+  assert.equal(second.budgetRemaining, 0);
+});
+
+void test("selector funds an investigation whose user key was dropped, within its budget", async () => {
+  const post = await seedTopScoredPost("selector-adopts-unfunded-1", 2_000_000_010);
+  const unfunded = await seedPendingInvestigation({
+    postId: post.id,
+    contentHash: post.contentHash,
+    contentText: post.contentText,
+    provenance: "CLIENT_FALLBACK",
+  });
+  await prisma.investigation.update({
+    where: { id: unfunded.id },
+    data: { origin: "USER_KEY_REQUEST" },
+  });
+
+  const summary = await runSelector({ dailyBudget: (await selectorAdmissionsToday()) + 1 });
+
+  assert.equal(summary.admitted, 1);
+  const stored = await prisma.investigation.findUniqueOrThrow({
+    where: { id: unfunded.id },
+    select: { origin: true, status: true },
+  });
+  assert.deepEqual(stored, { origin: "SELECTOR", status: "PENDING" });
+});
+
+void test("selector-created investigations of edited posts get update lineage", async () => {
+  const post = await seedTopScoredPost("selector-update-lineage-1", 2_000_000_020);
+  const parent = await seedCompleteInvestigation({
+    postId: post.id,
+    contentHash: post.contentHash,
+    contentText: post.contentText,
+    provenance: "SERVER_VERIFIED",
+  });
+  const editedText = normalizeContent(`${post.contentText} An edited sentence.`);
+  const editedVersion = await ensurePostVersionForSeed({
+    postId: post.id,
+    contentHash: await hashContent(editedText),
+    contentText: editedText,
+    provenance: "CLIENT_FALLBACK",
+  });
+
+  const summary = await runSelector({ dailyBudget: (await selectorAdmissionsToday()) + 1 });
+
+  assert.equal(summary.admitted, 1);
+  const update = await prisma.investigation.findUniqueOrThrow({
+    where: { postVersionId: editedVersion.id },
+    select: { parentInvestigationId: true, contentDiff: true },
+  });
+  assert.equal(update.parentInvestigationId, parent.id);
+  assert.match(update.contentDiff ?? "", /An edited sentence\./);
+});
+
 void test("post.investigateNow rejects unauthenticated callers", async () => {
   const caller = createCaller({ isAuthenticated: false });
   const input = buildXViewInput({
@@ -457,8 +581,108 @@ void test("post.batchStatus returns investigation state and incorrect claim coun
   assert.equal(notInvestigated.incorrectClaimCount, 0);
 });
 
-void test("public.getInvestigation hides non-COMPLETE investigations", async () => {
-  const caller = createCaller();
+interface GraphqlOrigin {
+  provenance: "SERVER_VERIFIED" | "CLIENT_FALLBACK";
+  serverVerifiedAt: string | null;
+}
+
+async function queryPublicInvestigation(investigationId: string) {
+  const result = await queryPublicGraphql<{
+    publicInvestigation: {
+      investigation: { id: string; origin: GraphqlOrigin; corroborationCount: number };
+      post: { platform: Platform; externalId: string; url: string };
+      claims: { id: string }[];
+    } | null;
+  }>(
+    `
+      query PublicInvestigation($investigationId: ID!) {
+        publicInvestigation(investigationId: $investigationId) {
+          investigation {
+            id
+            origin {
+              provenance
+              serverVerifiedAt
+            }
+            corroborationCount
+          }
+          post {
+            platform
+            externalId
+            url
+          }
+          claims {
+            id
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    `,
+    { investigationId },
+  );
+  return result.publicInvestigation;
+}
+
+async function querySearchInvestigations(variables: {
+  query?: string;
+  platform?: Platform;
+  minClaimCount?: number;
+}): Promise<{ id: string; platform: Platform; origin: GraphqlOrigin }[]> {
+  const result = await queryPublicGraphql<{
+    searchInvestigations: {
+      investigations: { id: string; platform: Platform; origin: GraphqlOrigin }[];
+    };
+  }>(
+    `
+      query SearchInvestigations($query: String, $platform: Platform, $minClaimCount: Int) {
+        searchInvestigations(
+          query: $query
+          platform: $platform
+          minClaimCount: $minClaimCount
+          limit: 20
+          offset: 0
+        ) {
+          investigations {
+            id
+            platform
+            origin {
+              provenance
+              serverVerifiedAt
+            }
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    `,
+    variables,
+  );
+  return result.searchInvestigations.investigations;
+}
+
+async function queryPublicMetrics(variables: {
+  windowStart: string;
+  windowEnd: string;
+  platform?: Platform;
+}) {
+  const result = await queryPublicGraphql<{
+    publicMetrics: {
+      totalInvestigatedPosts: number;
+      investigatedPostsWithFlags: number;
+      factCheckIncidence: number | null;
+    };
+  }>(
+    `
+      query PublicMetrics($windowStart: DateTime, $windowEnd: DateTime, $platform: Platform) {
+        publicMetrics(windowStart: $windowStart, windowEnd: $windowEnd, platform: $platform) {
+          totalInvestigatedPosts
+          investigatedPostsWithFlags
+          factCheckIncidence
+        }
+      }
+    `,
+    variables,
+  );
+  return result.publicMetrics;
+}
+
+void test("publicInvestigation hides non-COMPLETE investigations", async () => {
   const post = await seedPost({
     platform: "LESSWRONG",
     externalId: "public-investigation-non-complete-hidden-1",
@@ -484,35 +708,11 @@ void test("public.getInvestigation hides non-COMPLETE investigations", async ()
   });
 
   for (const investigationId of [pending.id, failed.id]) {
-    const trpcResult = await caller.public.getInvestigation({
-      investigationId,
-    });
-    assert.equal(trpcResult, null);
-
-    const graphqlResult = await queryPublicGraphql<{
-      publicInvestigation: {
-        investigation: {
-          id: string;
-        };
-      } | null;
-    }>(
-      `
-        query PublicInvestigation($investigationId: ID!) {
-          publicInvestigation(investigationId: $investigationId) {
-            investigation {
-              id
-            }
-          }
-        }
-      `,
-      { investigationId },
-    );
-    assert.equal(graphqlResult.publicInvestigation, null);
+    assert.equal(await queryPublicInvestigation(investigationId), null);
   }
 });
 
-void test("public.getInvestigation returns complete investigation and trust signals", async () => {
-  const caller = createCaller();
+void test("publicInvestigation returns complete investigation and trust signals", async () => {
   const post = await seedPost({
     platform: "LESSWRONG",
     externalId: "public-investigation-1",
@@ -528,70 +728,18 @@ void test("public.getInvestigation returns complete investigation and trust sign
   });
   await seedClaimWithSource(investigation.id, 1);
 
-  const result = await caller.public.getInvestigation({
-    investigationId: investigation.id,
-  });
-
+  const result = await queryPublicInvestigation(investigation.id);
   assert.ok(result);
   assert.equal(result.investigation.id, investigation.id);
   assert.equal(result.investigation.origin.provenance, "SERVER_VERIFIED");
   assert.equal(result.investigation.corroborationCount, 0);
-  assert.equal(typeof result.investigation.origin.serverVerifiedAt, "string");
+  assert.notEqual(result.investigation.origin.serverVerifiedAt, null);
   assert.equal(result.post.platform, post.platform);
   assert.equal(result.post.externalId, post.externalId);
   assert.equal(result.claims.length, 1);
-
-  const graphqlResult = await queryPublicGraphql<{
-    publicInvestigation: {
-      investigation: {
-        id: string;
-        origin: {
-          provenance: "SERVER_VERIFIED" | "CLIENT_FALLBACK";
-          serverVerifiedAt: string | null;
-        };
-        corroborationCount: number;
-      };
-      post: {
-        platform: Platform;
-        externalId: string;
-      };
-      claims: { id: string }[];
-    } | null;
-  }>(
-    `
-      query PublicInvestigation($investigationId: ID!) {
-        publicInvestigation(investigationId: $investigationId) {
-          investigation {
-            id
-            origin {
-              provenance
-              serverVerifiedAt
-            }
-            corroborationCount
-          }
-          post {
-            platform
-            externalId
-          }
-          claims {
-            id
-          }
-        }
-      }
-    `,
-    { investigationId: investigation.id },
-  );
-
-  assert.ok(graphqlResult.publicInvestigation);
-  const graphqlInvestigation = graphqlResult.publicInvestigation.investigation;
-  assert.equal(graphqlInvestigation.id, investigation.id);
-  assert.equal(graphqlInvestigation.origin.provenance, "SERVER_VERIFIED");
-  assert.equal(graphqlInvestigation.corroborationCount, 0);
-  assert.notEqual(graphqlInvestigation.origin.serverVerifiedAt, null);
 });
 
-void test("public.getInvestigation returns CLIENT_FALLBACK without corroboration", async () => {
-  const caller = createCaller();
+void test("publicInvestigation returns CLIENT_FALLBACK without corroboration", async () => {
   const post = await seedPost({
     platform: "LESSWRONG",
     externalId: "public-investigation-fallback-1",
@@ -605,54 +753,14 @@ void test("public.getInvestigation returns CLIENT_FALLBACK without corroboration
     provenance: "CLIENT_FALLBACK",
   });
 
-  const result = await caller.public.getInvestigation({
-    investigationId: investigation.id,
-  });
-
+  const result = await queryPublicInvestigation(investigation.id);
   assert.ok(result);
-  assert.equal(result.investigation.id, investigation.id);
   assert.equal(result.investigation.origin.provenance, "CLIENT_FALLBACK");
   assert.equal(result.investigation.corroborationCount, 0);
-  assert.equal(result.investigation.origin.serverVerifiedAt, undefined);
-
-  const graphqlResult = await queryPublicGraphql<{
-    publicInvestigation: {
-      investigation: {
-        origin: {
-          provenance: "SERVER_VERIFIED" | "CLIENT_FALLBACK";
-          serverVerifiedAt: string | null;
-        };
-        corroborationCount: number;
-      };
-    } | null;
-  }>(
-    `
-      query PublicInvestigation($investigationId: ID!) {
-        publicInvestigation(investigationId: $investigationId) {
-          investigation {
-            origin {
-              provenance
-              serverVerifiedAt
-            }
-            corroborationCount
-          }
-        }
-      }
-    `,
-    { investigationId: investigation.id },
-  );
-
-  assert.ok(graphqlResult.publicInvestigation);
-  assert.equal(
-    graphqlResult.publicInvestigation.investigation.origin.provenance,
-    "CLIENT_FALLBACK",
-  );
-  assert.equal(graphqlResult.publicInvestigation.investigation.corroborationCount, 0);
-  assert.equal(graphqlResult.publicInvestigation.investigation.origin.serverVerifiedAt, null);
+  assert.equal(result.investigation.origin.serverVerifiedAt, null);
 });
 
-void test("public.getInvestigation reports corroborationCount for CLIENT_FALLBACK investigations", async () => {
-  const caller = createCaller();
+void test("publicInvestigation reports corroborationCount for CLIENT_FALLBACK investigations", async () => {
   const post = await seedPost({
     platform: "LESSWRONG",
     externalId: "public-investigation-corroborated-1",
@@ -668,10 +776,7 @@ void test("public.getInvestigation reports corroborationCount for CLIENT_FALLBAC
   await seedClaimWithSource(investigation.id, 1);
   await seedCorroborationCredits(investigation.id, 3);
 
-  const result = await caller.public.getInvestigation({
-    investigationId: investigation.id,
-  });
-
+  const result = await queryPublicInvestigation(investigation.id);
   assert.ok(result);
   assert.equal(result.investigation.id, investigation.id);
   assert.equal(result.investigation.origin.provenance, "CLIENT_FALLBACK");
@@ -679,8 +784,7 @@ void test("public.getInvestigation reports corroborationCount for CLIENT_FALLBAC
   assert.equal(result.claims.length, 1);
 });
 
-void test("public.getPostInvestigations lists all complete investigations for a post", async () => {
-  const caller = createCaller();
+void test("postInvestigations lists all complete investigations for a post", async () => {
   const post = await seedPost({
     platform: "LESSWRONG",
     externalId: "public-post-investigations-all-complete-1",
@@ -706,44 +810,24 @@ void test("public.getPostInvestigations lists all complete investigations for a
   });
   await seedClaimWithSource(serverVerifiedInvestigation.id, 1);
 
-  const result = await caller.public.getPostInvestigations({
-    platform: post.platform,
-    externalId: post.externalId,
-  });
-
-  assert.ok(result.post);
-  assert.equal(result.post.platform, post.platform);
-  assert.equal(result.post.externalId, post.externalId);
-  assert.equal(result.investigations.length, 2);
-
-  const byId = new Map<string, (typeof result.investigations)[number]>(
-    result.investigations.map((item) => [item.id, item]),
-  );
-  const fallback = byId.get(fallbackInvestigation.id);
-  assert.ok(fallback);
-  assert.equal(fallback.origin.provenance, "CLIENT_FALLBACK");
-  assert.equal(fallback.corroborationCount, 2);
-
-  const serverVerified = byId.get(serverVerifiedInvestigation.id);
-  assert.ok(serverVerified);
-  assert.equal(serverVerified.origin.provenance, "SERVER_VERIFIED");
-  assert.equal(serverVerified.claimCount, 1);
-
-  const graphqlResult = await queryPublicGraphql<{
+  const result = await queryPublicGraphql<{
     postInvestigations: {
+      post: { platform: Platform; externalId: string } | null;
       investigations: {
         id: string;
-        origin: {
-          provenance: "SERVER_VERIFIED" | "CLIENT_FALLBACK";
-          serverVerifiedAt: string | null;
-        };
+        origin: GraphqlOrigin;
         corroborationCount: number;
+        claimCount: number;
       }[];
     };
   }>(
     `
       query PostInvestigations($platform: Platform!, $externalId: String!) {
         postInvestigations(platform: $platform, externalId: $externalId) {
+          post {
+            platform
+            externalId
+          }
           investigations {
             id
             origin {
@@ -751,6 +835,7 @@ void test("public.getPostInvestigations lists all complete investigations for a
               serverVerifiedAt
             }
             corroborationCount
+            claimCount
           }
         }
       }
@@ -761,12 +846,25 @@ void test("public.getPostInvestigations lists all complete investigations for a
     },
   );
 
-  assert.equal(graphqlResult.postInvestigations.investigations.length, 2);
-});
+  assert.deepEqual(result.postInvestigations.post, {
+    platform: post.platform,
+    externalId: post.externalId,
+  });
+  const byId = new Map(result.postInvestigations.investigations.map((item) => [item.id, item]));
+  assert.equal(byId.size, 2);
 
-void test("public.searchInvestigations filters by query/platform and includes fallback matches", async () => {
-  const caller = createCaller();
+  const fallback = byId.get(fallbackInvestigation.id);
+  assert.ok(fallback);
+  assert.equal(fallback.origin.provenance, "CLIENT_FALLBACK");
+  assert.equal(fallback.corroborationCount, 2);
 
+  const serverVerified = byId.get(serverVerifiedInvestigation.id);
+  assert.ok(serverVerified);
+  assert.equal(serverVerified.origin.provenance, "SERVER_VERIFIED");
+  assert.equal(serverVerified.claimCount, 1);
+});
+
+void test("searchInvestigations filters by query/platform and includes fallback matches", async () => {
   const moonMarker = "graphql-search-marker-astronomy-moon";
   const moonPost = await seedPost({
     platform: "LESSWRONG",
@@ -782,6 +880,21 @@ void test("public.searchInvestigations filters by query/platform and includes fa
   });
   await seedClaimWithSource(moonInvestigation.id, 1);
 
+  const multiClaimMoonPost = await seedPost({
+    platform: "LESSWRONG",
+    externalId: "public-search-moon-2",
+    url: "https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/public-search-moon-2",
+    contentText: `${moonMarker} gamma`,
+  });
+  const multiClaimMoonInvestigation = await seedCompleteInvestigation({
+    postId: multiClaimMoonPost.id,
+    contentHash: multiClaimMoonPost.contentHash,
+    contentText: multiClaimMoonPost.contentText,
+    provenance: "SERVER_VERIFIED",
+  });
+  await seedClaimWithSource(multiClaimMoonInvestigation.id, 2);
+  await seedClaimWithSource(multiClaimMoonInvestigation.id, 3);
+
   const xPost = await seedPost({
     platform: "X",
     externalId: "public-search-x-1",
@@ -808,69 +921,33 @@ void test("public.searchInvestigations filters by query/platform and includes fa
     provenance: "CLIENT_FALLBACK",
   });
 
-  const queryResult = await caller.public.searchInvestigations({
-    query: moonMarker,
-    limit: 20,
-    offset: 0,
-  });
-
-  const queryIds = new Set<string>(queryResult.investigations.map((item) => item.id));
+  const queryResult = await querySearchInvestigations({ query: moonMarker });
+  const queryIds = new Set(queryResult.map((item) => item.id));
   assert.equal(queryIds.has(moonInvestigation.id), true);
+  assert.equal(queryIds.has(multiClaimMoonInvestigation.id), true);
   assert.equal(queryIds.has(fallbackMoonInvestigation.id), true);
   assert.equal(
-    queryResult.investigations.every((item) => item.platform === "LESSWRONG"),
+    queryResult.every((item) => item.platform === "LESSWRONG"),
     true,
   );
 
-  const platformResult = await caller.public.searchInvestigations({
-    platform: "X",
-    limit: 20,
-    offset: 0,
+  const minClaimCountResult = await querySearchInvestigations({
+    query: moonMarker,
+    minClaimCount: 2,
   });
+  assert.deepEqual(
+    minClaimCountResult.map((item) => item.id),
+    [multiClaimMoonInvestigation.id],
+  );
 
-  const platformIds = new Set<string>(platformResult.investigations.map((item) => item.id));
+  const platformIds = new Set(
+    (await querySearchInvestigations({ platform: "X" })).map((item) => item.id),
+  );
   assert.equal(platformIds.has(xInvestigation.id), true);
   assert.equal(platformIds.has(moonInvestigation.id), false);
-
-  const graphqlResult = await queryPublicGraphql<{
-    searchInvestigations: {
-      investigations: {
-        id: string;
-        origin: {
-          provenance: "SERVER_VERIFIED" | "CLIENT_FALLBACK";
-          serverVerifiedAt: string | null;
-        };
-      }[];
-    };
-  }>(
-    `
-      query SearchInvestigations($query: String!, $limit: Int!, $offset: Int!) {
-        searchInvestigations(query: $query, limit: $limit, offset: $offset) {
-          investigations {
-            id
-            origin {
-              provenance
-              serverVerifiedAt
-            }
-          }
-        }
-      }
-    `,
-    {
-      query: moonMarker,
-      limit: 20,
-      offset: 0,
-    },
-  );
-  const graphqlIds = new Set(
-    graphqlResult.searchInvestigations.investigations.map((item) => item.id),
-  );
-  assert.equal(graphqlIds.has(moonInvestigation.id), true);
-  assert.equal(graphqlIds.has(fallbackMoonInvestigation.id), true);
 });
 
-void test("public.getMetrics counts all complete investigations and honors filters", async () => {
-  const caller = createCaller();
+void test("publicMetrics counts all complete investigations and honors filters", async () => {
   const metricsWindowStart = "2026-02-23T00:00:00.000Z";
   const metricsWindowEnd = "2026-02-23T23:59:59.999Z";
 
@@ -918,56 +995,26 @@ void test("public.getMetrics counts all complete investigations and honors filte
   });
   await seedCorroborationCredits(fallbackInvestigation.id, 1);
 
-  const allMetrics = await caller.public.getMetrics({
-    windowStart: metricsWindowStart,
-    windowEnd: metricsWindowEnd,
-  });
-  assert.equal(allMetrics.totalInvestigatedPosts, 3);
-  assert.equal(allMetrics.investigatedPostsWithFlags, 1);
-  assert.equal(allMetrics.factCheckIncidence, 1 / 3);
-
-  const xMetrics = await caller.public.getMetrics({
-    platform: "X",
-    windowStart: metricsWindowStart,
-    windowEnd: metricsWindowEnd,
-  });
-  assert.equal(xMetrics.totalInvestigatedPosts, 2);
-  assert.equal(xMetrics.investigatedPostsWithFlags, 1);
-  assert.equal(xMetrics.factCheckIncidence, 0.5);
-
-  const emptyWindowMetrics = await caller.public.getMetrics({
-    windowStart: "2026-02-24T00:00:00.000Z",
-    windowEnd: "2026-02-24T23:59:59.999Z",
-  });
-  assert.equal(emptyWindowMetrics.totalInvestigatedPosts, 0);
-  assert.equal(emptyWindowMetrics.investigatedPostsWithFlags, 0);
-  assert.equal(emptyWindowMetrics.factCheckIncidence, 0);
-
-  const graphqlResult = await queryPublicGraphql<{
-    publicMetrics: {
-      totalInvestigatedPosts: number;
-      investigatedPostsWithFlags: number;
-      factCheckIncidence: number;
-    };
-  }>(
-    `
-      query PublicMetrics($windowStart: DateTime, $windowEnd: DateTime, $platform: Platform) {
-        publicMetrics(windowStart: $windowStart, windowEnd: $windowEnd, platform: $platform) {
-          totalInvestigatedPosts
-          investigatedPostsWithFlags
-          factCheckIncidence
-        }
-      }
-    `,
-    {
+  assert.deepEqual(
+    await queryPublicMetrics({ windowStart: metricsWindowStart, windowEnd: metricsWindowEnd }),
+    { totalInvestigatedPosts: 3, investigatedPostsWithFlags: 1, factCheckIncidence: 1 / 3 },
+  );
+  assert.deepEqual(
+    await queryPublicMetrics({
       windowStart: metricsWindowStart,
       windowEnd: metricsWindowEnd,
       platform: "X",
-    },
+    }),
+    { totalInvestigatedPosts: 2, investigatedPostsWithFlags: 1, factCheckIncidence: 0.5 },
+  );
+  // No investigations in the window: incidence is undefined, not 0.
+  assert.deepEqual(
+    await queryPublicMetrics({
+      windowStart: "2026-02-24T00:00:00.000Z",
+      windowEnd: "2026-02-24T23:59:59.999Z",
+    }),
+    { totalInvestigatedPosts: 0, investigatedPostsWithFlags: 0, factCheckIncidence: null },
   );
-  assert.equal(graphqlResult.publicMetrics.totalInvestigatedPosts, 2);
-  assert.equal(graphqlResult.publicMetrics.investigatedPostsWithFlags, 1);
-  assert.equal(graphqlResult.publicMetrics.factCheckIncidence, 0.5);
 });
 
 void test("post.validateSettings reports instance api-key acceptance", async () => {
@@ -998,7 +1045,6 @@ void test("createContext authenticates active instance API keys from database",
   );
 
   assert.equal(context.isAuthenticated, true);
-  assert.equal(context.canInvestigate, true);
 });
 
 void test("createContext rejects unknown and revoked instance API keys", async () => {
@@ -1031,10 +1077,5 @@ void test("createContext rejects unknown and revoked instance API keys", async (
       false,
       `Expected unauthenticated context for ${rejectedKeyCase.label}`,
     );
-    assert.equal(
-      context.canInvestigate,
-      false,
-      `Expected non-investigating context for ${rejectedKeyCase.label}`,
-    );
   }
 });
diff --git a/src/typescript/api/test/integration/api-endpoints.record-and-investigate.content-and-versioning.integration.test.ts b/src/typescript/api/test/integration/api-endpoints.record-and-investigate.content-and-versioning.integration.test.ts
index 3aace8c..30ba1f1 100644
--- a/src/typescript/api/test/integration/api-endpoints.record-and-investigate.content-and-versioning.integration.test.ts
+++ b/src/typescript/api/test/integration/api-endpoints.record-and-investigate.content-and-versioning.integration.test.ts
@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@ import {
   INTEGRATION_LESSWRONG_FIXTURE_KEYS,
   InvestigatorExecutionError,
   MINIMUM_SUPPORTED_EXTENSION_VERSION,
-  OpenAIInvestigator,
   WORD_COUNT_LIMIT,
   appRouter,
   assert,
@@ -13,13 +12,13 @@ import {
   buildHealthResponse,
   buildLesswrongViewInput,
   buildSucceededAttemptAudit,
+  buildSucceededInvestigatorOutput,
   buildXViewInput,
   closeQueueUtils,
   createCaller,
   createContext,
   createDeterministicRandom,
   createMockRequestEvent,
-  ensureInvestigationQueued,
   ensurePostVersionForSeed,
   errorHasOpenErrataCode,
   getPrisma,
@@ -55,6 +54,10 @@ import {
   withIntegrationPrefix,
   withMockLesswrongCanonicalHtml,
   withMockLesswrongFetch,
+  LESSWRONG_MOCK_SERVER_AUTHOR_NAME,
+  LESSWRONG_MOCK_SERVER_AUTHOR_SLUG,
+  LESSWRONG_MOCK_SERVER_SLUG,
+  LESSWRONG_MOCK_SERVER_TITLE,
 } from "./api-endpoints.integration.shared.js";
 import { createInvestigateNowFuzzRoundScenario } from "./helpers/investigate-now-scenario-dsl.js";
 
@@ -64,7 +67,6 @@ void [
   INTEGRATION_LESSWRONG_FIXTURE_KEYS,
   InvestigatorExecutionError,
   MINIMUM_SUPPORTED_EXTENSION_VERSION,
-  OpenAIInvestigator,
   WORD_COUNT_LIMIT,
   appRouter,
   assert,
@@ -73,13 +75,13 @@ void [
   buildHealthResponse,
   buildLesswrongViewInput,
   buildSucceededAttemptAudit,
+  buildSucceededInvestigatorOutput,
   buildXViewInput,
   closeQueueUtils,
   createCaller,
   createContext,
   createDeterministicRandom,
   createMockRequestEvent,
-  ensureInvestigationQueued,
   ensurePostVersionForSeed,
   errorHasOpenErrataCode,
   getPrisma,
@@ -289,6 +291,7 @@ void test("post.registerObservedVersion corrects Wikipedia identity to server-ve
     return new Response(
       JSON.stringify({
         parse: {
+          title: "OpenErrata",
           text: "<div class='mw-parser-output'><p>Server canonical article text.</p></div>",
           pageid: 99999,
           revid: 67890,
@@ -413,6 +416,7 @@ void test("post.registerObservedVersion enriches existing Wikipedia version html
     return new Response(
       JSON.stringify({
         parse: {
+          title: "OpenErrata",
           text: canonicalHtml,
           pageid: Number(pageId),
           revid: 888888,
@@ -470,7 +474,13 @@ void test("post.registerObservedVersion keeps LessWrong mutable version metadata
   });
   const firstInput = {
     ...firstInputBase,
-    observedImageUrls: ["https://images.example.test/lesswrong-old.png"],
+    observedImageOccurrences: [
+      {
+        originalIndex: 0,
+        normalizedTextOffset: 0,
+        sourceUrl: "https://images.example.test/lesswrong.png",
+      },
+    ],
     metadata: {
       ...firstInputBase.metadata,
       slug: `${firstInputBase.externalId}-old-slug`,
@@ -493,7 +503,13 @@ void test("post.registerObservedVersion keeps LessWrong mutable version metadata
   });
   const secondInput = {
     ...secondInputBase,
-    observedImageUrls: ["https://images.example.test/lesswrong-new.png"],
+    observedImageOccurrences: [
+      {
+        originalIndex: 0,
+        normalizedTextOffset: 0,
+        sourceUrl: "https://images.example.test/lesswrong.png",
+      },
+    ],
     metadata: {
       ...secondInputBase.metadata,
       slug: `${secondInputBase.externalId}-new-slug`,
@@ -532,12 +548,17 @@ void test("post.registerObservedVersion keeps LessWrong mutable version metadata
   });
   assert.ok(meta);
   assert.equal(meta.slug, secondInput.metadata.slug);
-  assert.equal(meta.title, secondInput.metadata.title);
-  assert.equal(meta.authorName, secondInput.metadata.authorName);
-  assert.equal(meta.authorSlug, secondInput.metadata.authorSlug);
+  // Server-verified posts take title and author from LessWrong, not the client.
+  assert.equal(meta.title, LESSWRONG_MOCK_SERVER_TITLE);
+  assert.equal(meta.authorName, LESSWRONG_MOCK_SERVER_AUTHOR_NAME);
+  assert.equal(meta.authorSlug, LESSWRONG_MOCK_SERVER_AUTHOR_SLUG);
   assert.deepEqual(meta.tags, secondInput.metadata.tags);
   assert.equal(meta.publishedAt?.toISOString(), "2026-02-21T00:00:00.000Z");
-  assert.deepEqual(meta.imageUrls, secondInput.observedImageUrls);
+  // Image URLs are derived from the version's image occurrences.
+  assert.deepEqual(
+    meta.imageUrls,
+    secondInput.observedImageOccurrences.map((occurrence) => occurrence.sourceUrl),
+  );
   assert.equal(meta.serverHtmlBlob?.htmlContent, canonicalHtml);
   // Client HTML remains first-write-wins.
   assert.equal(meta.clientHtmlBlob?.htmlContent ?? null, firstClientHtml);
@@ -555,7 +576,13 @@ void test("post.registerObservedVersion keeps Substack mutable version metadata
     externalId,
     url: "https://openerrata-integration.substack.com/p/mutable-version-meta",
     observedContentText: stableContent,
-    observedImageUrls: ["https://images.example.test/substack-old.png"],
+    observedImageOccurrences: [
+      {
+        originalIndex: 0,
+        normalizedTextOffset: 0,
+        sourceUrl: "https://images.example.test/substack.png",
+      },
+    ],
     metadata: {
       substackPostId: "40001",
       publicationSubdomain: "openerrata-integration",
@@ -579,7 +606,13 @@ void test("post.registerObservedVersion keeps Substack mutable version metadata
     externalId,
     url: "https://openerrata-integration.substack.com/p/mutable-version-meta",
     observedContentText: stableContent,
-    observedImageUrls: ["https://images.example.test/substack-new.png"],
+    observedImageOccurrences: [
+      {
+        originalIndex: 0,
+        normalizedTextOffset: 0,
+        sourceUrl: "https://images.example.test/substack.png",
+      },
+    ],
     metadata: {
       substackPostId: "40001",
       publicationSubdomain: "openerrata-updated",
@@ -615,7 +648,6 @@ void test("post.registerObservedVersion keeps Substack mutable version metadata
       likeCount: true,
       commentCount: true,
       imageUrls: true,
-      serverHtmlBlob: { select: { htmlContent: true } },
       clientHtmlBlob: { select: { htmlContent: true } },
     },
   });
@@ -629,8 +661,11 @@ void test("post.registerObservedVersion keeps Substack mutable version metadata
   assert.equal(meta.publishedAt?.toISOString(), "2026-02-11T00:00:00.000Z");
   assert.equal(meta.likeCount, secondInput.metadata.likeCount);
   assert.equal(meta.commentCount, secondInput.metadata.commentCount);
-  assert.deepEqual(meta.imageUrls, secondInput.observedImageUrls);
-  assert.equal(meta.serverHtmlBlob?.htmlContent ?? null, null);
+  // Image URLs are derived from the version's image occurrences.
+  assert.deepEqual(
+    meta.imageUrls,
+    secondInput.observedImageOccurrences.map((occurrence) => occurrence.sourceUrl),
+  );
   // Client HTML remains first-write-wins.
   assert.equal(meta.clientHtmlBlob?.htmlContent ?? null, firstClientHtml);
 });
@@ -646,7 +681,13 @@ void test("post.registerObservedVersion updates Wikipedia revision metadata for
     platform: "WIKIPEDIA" as const,
     url,
     observedContentText: normalizeContent("Stable article text."),
-    observedImageUrls: ["https://images.example.test/wiki-old.png"],
+    observedImageOccurrences: [
+      {
+        originalIndex: 0,
+        normalizedTextOffset: 0,
+        sourceUrl: "https://images.example.test/wiki.png",
+      },
+    ],
     metadata: {
       language: "en",
       title: "OpenErrata_revision_meta_sync",
@@ -673,6 +714,7 @@ void test("post.registerObservedVersion updates Wikipedia revision metadata for
     return new Response(
       JSON.stringify({
         parse: {
+          title: "OpenErrata",
           text: canonicalHtml,
           pageid: Number(pageId),
           revid: 10001,
@@ -698,7 +740,13 @@ void test("post.registerObservedVersion updates Wikipedia revision metadata for
     platform: "WIKIPEDIA" as const,
     url,
     observedContentText: normalizeContent("Stable article text."),
-    observedImageUrls: ["https://images.example.test/wiki-new.png"],
+    observedImageOccurrences: [
+      {
+        originalIndex: 0,
+        normalizedTextOffset: 0,
+        sourceUrl: "https://images.example.test/wiki.png",
+      },
+    ],
     metadata: {
       language: "en",
       title: "OpenErrata_revision_meta_sync_v2",
@@ -723,6 +771,7 @@ void test("post.registerObservedVersion updates Wikipedia revision metadata for
     return new Response(
       JSON.stringify({
         parse: {
+          title: "OpenErrata",
           text: canonicalHtml,
           pageid: Number(pageId),
           revid: 10002,
@@ -767,7 +816,11 @@ void test("post.registerObservedVersion updates Wikipedia revision metadata for
   assert.equal(meta.displayTitle, secondInput.metadata.displayTitle);
   assert.equal(meta.revisionId, secondInput.metadata.revisionId);
   assert.equal(meta.lastModifiedAt?.toISOString(), "2026-02-26T00:00:00.000Z");
-  assert.deepEqual(meta.imageUrls, secondInput.observedImageUrls);
+  // Image URLs are derived from the version's image occurrences.
+  assert.deepEqual(
+    meta.imageUrls,
+    secondInput.observedImageOccurrences.map((occurrence) => occurrence.sourceUrl),
+  );
   assert.equal(meta.serverHtmlBlob?.htmlContent, canonicalHtml);
   // Client HTML remains first-write-wins.
   assert.equal(meta.clientHtmlBlob?.htmlContent ?? null, firstClientHtml);
@@ -877,3 +930,97 @@ void test("post.recordViewAndGetStatus deduplicates unique-view credit for repea
   });
   assert.equal(creditCount, 1);
 });
+
+void test("post.registerObservedVersion binds LessWrong URL and author to the server's answer", async () => {
+  const caller = createCaller();
+  const html = "<p>Identity-bound LessWrong post body.</p>";
+  const baseInput = buildLesswrongViewInput({
+    externalId: "identity-binding-lw-1",
+    htmlContent: html,
+  });
+  const verifiedInput = {
+    ...baseInput,
+    metadata: {
+      ...baseInput.metadata,
+      authorName: "Client Claimed Author",
+      authorSlug: withIntegrationPrefix("client-claimed-author"),
+    },
+  };
+
+  await withMockLesswrongCanonicalHtml(html, () =>
+    caller.post.registerObservedVersion(verifiedInput),
+  );
+
+  const loadPost = () =>
+    prisma.post.findUniqueOrThrow({
+      where: {
+        platform_externalId: { platform: "LESSWRONG", externalId: verifiedInput.externalId },
+      },
+      select: {
+        url: true,
+        identityVerifiedAt: true,
+        author: { select: { platformUserId: true, displayName: true } },
+      },
+    });
+  const verified = await loadPost();
+  const serverUrl = `https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/${verifiedInput.externalId}/${LESSWRONG_MOCK_SERVER_SLUG}`;
+  assert.equal(verified.url, serverUrl);
+  assert.notEqual(verified.identityVerifiedAt, null);
+  assert.deepEqual(verified.author, {
+    platformUserId: LESSWRONG_MOCK_SERVER_AUTHOR_SLUG,
+    displayName: LESSWRONG_MOCK_SERVER_AUTHOR_NAME,
+  });
+
+  // A later registration that falls back to client data (LessWrong unreachable)
+  // must not overwrite the verified identity.
+  const originalFetch = globalThis.fetch;
+  globalThis.fetch = async (fetchInput, fetchInit) => {
+    const url =
+      typeof fetchInput === "string"
+        ? fetchInput
+        : fetchInput instanceof URL
+          ? fetchInput.toString()
+          : fetchInput.url;
+    if (url === "https://www.lesswrong.com/graphql") {
+      return new Response("unavailable", { status: 503 });
+    }
+    return originalFetch(fetchInput, fetchInit);
+  };
+  try {
+    const fallback = await caller.post.registerObservedVersion({
+      ...verifiedInput,
+      url: `https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/${verifiedInput.externalId}/spoofed-slug`,
+      metadata: {
+        ...verifiedInput.metadata,
+        htmlContent: "<p>Different client-observed body.</p>",
+        authorName: "Spoofed Author",
+        authorSlug: withIntegrationPrefix("spoofed-author"),
+      },
+    });
+    assert.equal(fallback.provenance, "CLIENT_FALLBACK");
+  } finally {
+    globalThis.fetch = originalFetch;
+  }
+
+  assert.deepEqual(await loadPost(), verified);
+});
+
+void test("post.registerObservedVersion rejects post URLs that are not https on the platform's host", async () => {
+  const caller = createCaller();
+  const base = buildXViewInput({
+    externalId: "observed-url-validation-1",
+    observedContentText: "URL validation guards what the public site links to.",
+  });
+  for (const url of [
+    ["javascript", "alert(document.cookie)"].join(":"),
+    `http://x.com/openerrata/status/${base.externalId}`,
+    `https://evil.example/openerrata/status/${base.externalId}`,
+    "https://x.com/openerrata/status/some-other-post",
+  ]) {
+    await assert.rejects(
+      caller.post.registerObservedVersion({ ...base, url }),
+      /Invalid X post URL/,
+      url,
+    );
+  }
+});
diff --git a/src/typescript/api/test/integration/api-endpoints.record-and-investigate.integration.test.ts b/src/typescript/api/test/integration/api-endpoints.record-and-investigate.integration.test.ts
index 82a9051..76f6166 100644
--- a/src/typescript/api/test/integration/api-endpoints.record-and-investigate.integration.test.ts
+++ b/src/typescript/api/test/integration/api-endpoints.record-and-investigate.integration.test.ts
@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@ import {
   INTEGRATION_LESSWRONG_FIXTURE_KEYS,
   InvestigatorExecutionError,
   MINIMUM_SUPPORTED_EXTENSION_VERSION,
-  OpenAIInvestigator,
   WORD_COUNT_LIMIT,
   appRouter,
   assert,
@@ -12,13 +11,13 @@ import {
   buildFailedAttemptAudit,
   buildLesswrongViewInput,
   buildSucceededAttemptAudit,
+  buildSucceededInvestigatorOutput,
   buildXViewInput,
   closeQueueUtils,
   createCaller,
   createContext,
   createDeterministicRandom,
   createMockRequestEvent,
-  ensureInvestigationQueued,
   ensurePostVersionForSeed,
   errorHasOpenErrataCode,
   getPrisma,
@@ -63,7 +62,6 @@ void [
   INTEGRATION_LESSWRONG_FIXTURE_KEYS,
   InvestigatorExecutionError,
   MINIMUM_SUPPORTED_EXTENSION_VERSION,
-  OpenAIInvestigator,
   WORD_COUNT_LIMIT,
   appRouter,
   assert,
@@ -71,13 +69,13 @@ void [
   buildFailedAttemptAudit,
   buildLesswrongViewInput,
   buildSucceededAttemptAudit,
+  buildSucceededInvestigatorOutput,
   buildXViewInput,
   closeQueueUtils,
   createCaller,
   createContext,
   createDeterministicRandom,
   createMockRequestEvent,
-  ensureInvestigationQueued,
   ensurePostVersionForSeed,
   errorHasOpenErrataCode,
   getPrisma,
@@ -142,7 +140,7 @@ void test("post.getInvestigation returns complete investigation with claims", as
   assert.equal(result.checkedAt, "2026-02-19T00:00:00.000Z");
 });
 
-void test("post.getInvestigation returns priorInvestigationResult for update investigations and null for non-updates", async () => {
+void test("post.getInvestigation reports the claims carried forward to an investigating version, and none when no claim still applies", async () => {
   const caller = createCaller();
   const post = await seedPost({
     platform: "X",
@@ -156,7 +154,7 @@ void test("post.getInvestigation returns priorInvestigationResult for update inv
     contentText: post.contentText,
     provenance: "SERVER_VERIFIED",
   });
-  await seedClaimWithSource(parent.id, 1);
+  await seedClaimWithSource(parent.id, 1, { text: "Initial content" });
 
   const updateContentText = normalizeContent(
     "Initial content for update projection coverage. Edited sentence.",
@@ -173,6 +171,7 @@ void test("post.getInvestigation returns priorInvestigationResult for update inv
     contentDiff: "Diff summary (line context):\n- Removed lines:\nOld\n+ Added lines:\nNew",
   });
 
+  // A version that no longer contains the passage the earlier claim quoted.
   const nonUpdateContentText = normalizeContent(
     "Fresh pending investigation that is not an update.",
   );
diff --git a/src/typescript/api/test/integration/api-endpoints.record-and-investigate.interim-source-selection.integration.test.ts b/src/typescript/api/test/integration/api-endpoints.record-and-investigate.interim-source-selection.integration.test.ts
index 65bfa62..ad00828 100644
--- a/src/typescript/api/test/integration/api-endpoints.record-and-investigate.interim-source-selection.integration.test.ts
+++ b/src/typescript/api/test/integration/api-endpoints.record-and-investigate.interim-source-selection.integration.test.ts
@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@ import {
   INTEGRATION_LESSWRONG_FIXTURE_KEYS,
   InvestigatorExecutionError,
   MINIMUM_SUPPORTED_EXTENSION_VERSION,
-  OpenAIInvestigator,
   WORD_COUNT_LIMIT,
   appRouter,
   assert,
@@ -12,13 +11,13 @@ import {
   buildFailedAttemptAudit,
   buildLesswrongViewInput,
   buildSucceededAttemptAudit,
+  buildSucceededInvestigatorOutput,
   buildXViewInput,
   closeQueueUtils,
   createCaller,
   createContext,
   createDeterministicRandom,
   createMockRequestEvent,
-  ensureInvestigationQueued,
   ensurePostVersionForSeed,
   errorHasOpenErrataCode,
   getPrisma,
@@ -56,6 +55,10 @@ import {
   withMockLesswrongFetch,
 } from "./api-endpoints.integration.shared.js";
 import { createInvestigateNowFuzzRoundScenario } from "./helpers/investigate-now-scenario-dsl.js";
+import {
+  findCarriedForwardClaims,
+  prismaInvestigationRepository,
+} from "../../src/lib/trpc/routes/post/investigation-queries.js";
 
 void [
   EMPTY_IMAGE_OCCURRENCES_HASH,
@@ -63,7 +66,6 @@ void [
   INTEGRATION_LESSWRONG_FIXTURE_KEYS,
   InvestigatorExecutionError,
   MINIMUM_SUPPORTED_EXTENSION_VERSION,
-  OpenAIInvestigator,
   WORD_COUNT_LIMIT,
   appRouter,
   assert,
@@ -71,13 +73,13 @@ void [
   buildFailedAttemptAudit,
   buildLesswrongViewInput,
   buildSucceededAttemptAudit,
+  buildSucceededInvestigatorOutput,
   buildXViewInput,
   closeQueueUtils,
   createCaller,
   createContext,
   createDeterministicRandom,
   createMockRequestEvent,
-  ensureInvestigationQueued,
   ensurePostVersionForSeed,
   errorHasOpenErrataCode,
   getPrisma,
@@ -115,7 +117,7 @@ void [
   withMockLesswrongFetch,
   createInvestigateNowFuzzRoundScenario,
 ];
-void test("post.recordViewAndGetStatus returns interim old claims from latest complete server-verified investigation without queueing", async () => {
+void test("post.recordViewAndGetStatus carries forward only the server-verified claims whose text is still on the page, without queueing", async () => {
   const caller = createCaller();
   const externalId = "view-post-update-interim-1";
   const previousHtml = "<article><p>The moon is made of green cheese.</p></article>";
@@ -147,8 +149,11 @@ void test("post.recordViewAndGetStatus returns interim old claims from latest co
     contentText: previousCanonicalText,
     provenance: "SERVER_VERIFIED",
   });
-  await seedClaimWithSource(sourceInvestigation.id, 1);
-  await seedClaimWithSource(sourceInvestigation.id, 2);
+  const survivingClaim = await seedClaimWithSource(sourceInvestigation.id, 1, {
+    text: "The moon is made of",
+  });
+  // The edit removed the text this claim corrects, so it no longer applies.
+  await seedClaimWithSource(sourceInvestigation.id, 2, { text: "made of green cheese" });
 
   const currentInput = buildLesswrongViewInput({
     externalId,
@@ -163,7 +168,10 @@ void test("post.recordViewAndGetStatus returns interim old claims from latest co
   assert.notEqual(interimResult, null);
   assert.ok(interimResult);
   assert.equal(interimResult.sourceInvestigationId, sourceInvestigation.id);
-  assert.equal(interimResult.oldClaims.length, 2);
+  assert.deepEqual(
+    interimResult.oldClaims.map((claim) => claim.id),
+    [survivingClaim.id],
+  );
 
   const currentCanonicalText = lesswrongHtmlToNormalizedText(currentHtml);
   const currentCanonicalHash = await hashContent(currentCanonicalText);
@@ -208,7 +216,7 @@ void test("post.recordViewAndGetStatus returns interim old claims from latest co
   );
 });
 
-void test("post.recordViewAndGetStatus does not reuse CLIENT_FALLBACK investigations as interim update claims", async () => {
+void test("post.recordViewAndGetStatus carries forward CLIENT_FALLBACK investigations as interim claims", async () => {
   const caller = createCaller();
   const externalId = "view-post-update-interim-fallback-source-1";
   const previousHtml = "<article><p>Venus has one moon.</p></article>";
@@ -231,7 +239,9 @@ void test("post.recordViewAndGetStatus does not reuse CLIENT_FALLBACK investigat
     contentText: previousCanonicalText,
     provenance: "CLIENT_FALLBACK",
   });
-  await seedClaimWithSource(fallbackOnlySource.id, 11);
+  const survivingClaim = await seedClaimWithSource(fallbackOnlySource.id, 11, {
+    text: "Venus has",
+  });
 
   const currentInput = buildLesswrongViewInput({
     externalId,
@@ -242,10 +252,15 @@ void test("post.recordViewAndGetStatus does not reuse CLIENT_FALLBACK investigat
   );
 
   assert.equal(result.investigationState, "NOT_INVESTIGATED");
-  assert.equal(result.priorInvestigationResult, null);
+  assert.ok(result.priorInvestigationResult);
+  assert.equal(result.priorInvestigationResult.sourceInvestigationId, fallbackOnlySource.id);
+  assert.deepEqual(
+    result.priorInvestigationResult.oldClaims.map((claim) => claim.id),
+    [survivingClaim.id],
+  );
 });
 
-void test("post.recordViewAndGetStatus reuses latest complete SERVER_VERIFIED interim claims when canonical provenance is CLIENT_FALLBACK", async () => {
+void test("post.recordViewAndGetStatus carries forward SERVER_VERIFIED claims to a CLIENT_FALLBACK version", async () => {
   const caller = createCaller();
   const externalId = "view-post-update-interim-client-fallback-canonical-1";
   const previousInput = buildXViewInput({
@@ -273,7 +288,7 @@ void test("post.recordViewAndGetStatus reuses latest complete SERVER_VERIFIED in
     contentText: previousCanonicalText,
     provenance: "SERVER_VERIFIED",
   });
-  await seedClaimWithSource(sourceInvestigation.id, 41);
+  await seedClaimWithSource(sourceInvestigation.id, 41, { text: "Mercury has" });
 
   const currentInput = buildXViewInput({
     externalId,
@@ -287,10 +302,10 @@ void test("post.recordViewAndGetStatus reuses latest complete SERVER_VERIFIED in
   assert.ok(interimResult);
   assert.equal(interimResult.sourceInvestigationId, sourceInvestigation.id);
   assert.equal(interimResult.oldClaims.length, 1);
-  assert.equal(interimResult.oldClaims[0]?.text, "Claim 41");
+  assert.equal(interimResult.oldClaims[0]?.text, "Mercury has");
 });
 
-void test("post.recordViewAndGetStatus uses newest complete SERVER_VERIFIED investigation as interim source", async () => {
+void test("post.recordViewAndGetStatus takes interim claims from the newest complete investigation of any provenance", async () => {
   const caller = createCaller();
   const externalId = "view-post-update-interim-newest-source-1";
   const baselineHtml = "<article><p>Jupiter has 79 moons.</p></article>";
@@ -323,7 +338,7 @@ void test("post.recordViewAndGetStatus uses newest complete SERVER_VERIFIED inve
     provenance: "SERVER_VERIFIED",
     checkedAt: new Date("2026-02-01T00:00:00.000Z"),
   });
-  await seedClaimWithSource(olderSource.id, 21);
+  await seedClaimWithSource(olderSource.id, 21, { text: "Jupiter has" });
 
   const newerSourceText = normalizeContent("Jupiter has exactly 92 moons.");
   const newerSourceHash = await hashContent(newerSourceText);
@@ -331,10 +346,10 @@ void test("post.recordViewAndGetStatus uses newest complete SERVER_VERIFIED inve
     postId: post.id,
     contentHash: newerSourceHash,
     contentText: newerSourceText,
-    provenance: "SERVER_VERIFIED",
+    provenance: "CLIENT_FALLBACK",
     checkedAt: new Date("2026-02-20T00:00:00.000Z"),
   });
-  await seedClaimWithSource(newerSource.id, 22);
+  await seedClaimWithSource(newerSource.id, 22, { text: "Jupiter has" });
 
   const currentInput = buildLesswrongViewInput({
     externalId,
@@ -350,7 +365,7 @@ void test("post.recordViewAndGetStatus uses newest complete SERVER_VERIFIED inve
   assert.ok(newestInterimResult);
   assert.equal(newestInterimResult.sourceInvestigationId, newerSource.id);
   assert.equal(newestInterimResult.oldClaims.length, 1);
-  assert.equal(newestInterimResult.oldClaims[0]?.text, "Claim 22");
+  assert.equal(newestInterimResult.oldClaims[0]?.text, "Jupiter has");
 });
 
 void test("post.recordViewAndGetStatus returns INVESTIGATED for current-version complete result even when an older interim source exists", async () => {
@@ -408,3 +423,80 @@ void test("post.recordViewAndGetStatus returns INVESTIGATED for current-version
   assert.equal(result.claims.length, 1);
   assert.equal(result.claims[0]?.text, "Claim 32");
 });
+
+void test("post.recordViewAndGetStatus reports no interim claims when none of the source's claims is still on the page", async () => {
+  const caller = createCaller();
+  const externalId = "view-post-update-interim-none-surviving-1";
+  const previousInput = buildXViewInput({
+    externalId,
+    observedContentText: "Neptune has sixteen moons.",
+  });
+  await caller.post.recordViewAndGetStatus(previousInput);
+  const post = await prisma.post.findUniqueOrThrow({
+    where: {
+      platform_externalId: {
+        platform: previousInput.platform,
+        externalId: previousInput.externalId,
+      },
+    },
+    select: { id: true },
+  });
+  const previousText = normalizeContent(previousInput.observedContentText);
+  const source = await seedCompleteInvestigation({
+    postId: post.id,
+    contentHash: await hashContent(previousText),
+    contentText: previousText,
+    provenance: "CLIENT_FALLBACK",
+  });
+  await seedClaimWithSource(source.id, 51, { text: "Neptune has sixteen moons." });
+
+  const result = await caller.post.recordViewAndGetStatus(
+    buildXViewInput({
+      externalId,
+      observedContentText: "Neptune's moons are still being counted.",
+    }),
+  );
+
+  assert.equal(result.investigationState, "NOT_INVESTIGATED");
+  assert.equal(result.priorInvestigationResult, null);
+});
+
+void test("findCarriedForwardClaims never uses the requested version's own investigation as its prior", async () => {
+  const post = await seedPost({
+    platform: "X",
+    externalId: "interim-never-self-1",
+    url: "https://x.com/openerrata/status/interim-never-self-1",
+    contentText: "Uranus has 28 moons.",
+  });
+  const olderText = normalizeContent("Uranus has 27 moons.");
+  const olderSource = await seedCompleteInvestigation({
+    postId: post.id,
+    contentHash: await hashContent(olderText),
+    contentText: olderText,
+    provenance: "SERVER_VERIFIED",
+    checkedAt: new Date("2026-02-01T00:00:00.000Z"),
+  });
+  const olderClaim = await seedClaimWithSource(olderSource.id, 61, { text: "Uranus has" });
+  // The requested version's own investigation is the post's newest complete one.
+  const ownInvestigation = await seedCompleteInvestigation({
+    postId: post.id,
+    contentHash: post.contentHash,
+    contentText: post.contentText,
+    provenance: "SERVER_VERIFIED",
+    checkedAt: new Date("2026-03-01T00:00:00.000Z"),
+  });
+  await seedClaimWithSource(ownInvestigation.id, 62, { text: "Uranus has 28 moons." });
+
+  const carried = await findCarriedForwardClaims(prismaInvestigationRepository(prisma), {
+    id: post.postVersionId,
+    postId: post.id,
+    contentText: post.contentText,
+  });
+
+  assert.ok(carried);
+  assert.equal(carried.sourceInvestigationId, olderSource.id);
+  assert.deepEqual(
+    carried.oldClaims.map((claim) => claim.id),
+    [olderClaim.id],
+  );
+});
diff --git a/src/typescript/api/test/integration/api-endpoints.record-view-status.integration.test.ts b/src/typescript/api/test/integration/api-endpoints.record-view-status.integration.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c7b23b8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/typescript/api/test/integration/api-endpoints.record-view-status.integration.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,207 @@
+import { TRPCError } from "@trpc/server";
+import {
+  assert,
+  buildXViewInput,
+  createCaller,
+  hashContent,
+  normalizeContent,
+  prisma,
+  seedClaimWithSource,
+  seedCompleteInvestigation,
+  seedInvestigation,
+  seedInvestigationForXViewInput,
+  seedPostForXViewInput,
+  test,
+} from "./api-endpoints.integration.shared.js";
+
+// recordViewAndGetStatus reports the investigation of the viewed post version in
+// whatever state it is in (spec §2.6), with its id, so a viewer who did not
+// start the investigation can still poll it to completion.
+
+void test("post.recordViewAndGetStatus reports a PENDING investigation as INVESTIGATING with its id and interim claims", async () => {
+  const caller = createCaller();
+  const input = buildXViewInput({
+    externalId: "record-view-status-pending-update-1",
+    observedContentText: "Original content for the record view status coverage.",
+  });
+  const post = await seedPostForXViewInput(input);
+  const parent = await seedCompleteInvestigation({
+    postId: post.id,
+    contentHash: post.contentHash,
+    contentText: post.contentText,
+    provenance: "SERVER_VERIFIED",
+  });
+  const survivingClaim = await seedClaimWithSource(parent.id, 1, {
+    text: "Original content for the record view status coverage.",
+  });
+  // The edit removed the passage this claim quoted, so it is not carried forward.
+  await seedClaimWithSource(parent.id, 2, { text: "A sentence the edit removed." });
+
+  const updatedText = normalizeContent(
+    "Original content for the record view status coverage. Edited sentence.",
+  );
+  const pending = await seedInvestigation({
+    postId: post.id,
+    contentHash: await hashContent(updatedText),
+    contentText: updatedText,
+    provenance: "SERVER_VERIFIED",
+    status: "PENDING",
+    promptLabel: "record-view-status-pending-update",
+    parentInvestigationId: parent.id,
+    contentDiff: "Diff summary (line context):\n- Removed lines:\nOld\n+ Added lines:\nNew",
+  });
+  const pendingVersion = await prisma.investigation.findUniqueOrThrow({
+    where: { id: pending.id },
+    select: { postVersionId: true },
+  });
+
+  const result = await caller.post.recordViewAndGetStatus({
+    postVersionId: pendingVersion.postVersionId,
+  });
+
+  assert.equal(result.investigationState, "INVESTIGATING");
+  assert.equal(result.investigationId, pending.id);
+  assert.equal(result.status, "PENDING");
+  assert.equal(result.provenance, "SERVER_VERIFIED");
+  assert.deepEqual(result.pendingClaims, []);
+  assert.deepEqual(result.confirmedClaims, []);
+  assert.ok(result.priorInvestigationResult);
+  assert.equal(result.priorInvestigationResult.sourceInvestigationId, parent.id);
+  assert.deepEqual(
+    result.priorInvestigationResult.oldClaims.map((claim) => claim.id),
+    [survivingClaim.id],
+  );
+});
+
+void test("post.recordViewAndGetStatus reports no interim claims for an INVESTIGATING update when none of the parent's claims is still on the page", async () => {
+  const caller = createCaller();
+  const input = buildXViewInput({
+    externalId: "record-view-status-pending-update-none-surviving-1",
+    observedContentText: "A post whose every sentence the author later rewrote.",
+  });
+  const post = await seedPostForXViewInput(input);
+  const parent = await seedCompleteInvestigation({
+    postId: post.id,
+    contentHash: post.contentHash,
+    contentText: post.contentText,
+    provenance: "SERVER_VERIFIED",
+  });
+  await seedClaimWithSource(parent.id, 1, { text: "every sentence the author later rewrote" });
+
+  const rewrittenText = normalizeContent("The rewritten post shares no sentence with the old one.");
+  const pending = await seedInvestigation({
+    postId: post.id,
+    contentHash: await hashContent(rewrittenText),
+    contentText: rewrittenText,
+    provenance: "SERVER_VERIFIED",
+    status: "PENDING",
+    promptLabel: "record-view-status-pending-update-none-surviving",
+    parentInvestigationId: parent.id,
+    contentDiff: "Diff summary (line context):\n- Removed lines:\nOld\n+ Added lines:\nNew",
+  });
+  const pendingVersion = await prisma.investigation.findUniqueOrThrow({
+    where: { id: pending.id },
+    select: { postVersionId: true },
+  });
+
+  const result = await caller.post.recordViewAndGetStatus({
+    postVersionId: pendingVersion.postVersionId,
+  });
+
+  assert.equal(result.investigationState, "INVESTIGATING");
+  assert.equal(result.priorInvestigationResult, null);
+});
+
+void test("post.recordViewAndGetStatus reports PROCESSING progress claims from the active lease", async () => {
+  const caller = createCaller();
+  const input = buildXViewInput({
+    externalId: "record-view-status-processing-1",
+    observedContentText: "Processing content for the record view status coverage.",
+  });
+  const seeded = await seedInvestigationForXViewInput({
+    viewInput: input,
+    status: "PROCESSING",
+    provenance: "CLIENT_FALLBACK",
+  });
+  const progressClaim = {
+    text: "Processing content",
+    context: "Processing content for the record view status coverage.",
+    summary: "Summary of a claim found so far.",
+    reasoning: "Reasoning for the claim found so far.",
+    sources: [{ url: "https://example.com/source", title: "Source", snippet: "Snippet" }],
+  };
+  await prisma.investigationLease.update({
+    where: { investigationId: seeded.investigationId },
+    data: { progressClaims: { pending: [progressClaim], confirmed: [] } },
+  });
+
+  const result = await caller.post.recordViewAndGetStatus({
+    postVersionId: seeded.post.postVersionId,
+  });
+
+  assert.equal(result.investigationState, "INVESTIGATING");
+  assert.equal(result.investigationId, seeded.investigationId);
+  assert.equal(result.status, "PROCESSING");
+  assert.equal(result.provenance, "CLIENT_FALLBACK");
+  assert.deepEqual(result.pendingClaims, [progressClaim]);
+  assert.deepEqual(result.confirmedClaims, []);
+  assert.equal(result.priorInvestigationResult, null);
+
+  const viewedPost = await prisma.post.findUniqueOrThrow({
+    where: { id: seeded.post.id },
+    select: { viewCount: true },
+  });
+  assert.equal(viewedPost.viewCount, 1, "a view of an in-progress post is still recorded");
+});
+
+void test("post.recordViewAndGetStatus reports FAILED investigations as FAILED rather than not investigated", async () => {
+  const caller = createCaller();
+  const seeded = await seedInvestigationForXViewInput({
+    viewInput: buildXViewInput({
+      externalId: "record-view-status-failed-1",
+      observedContentText: "Failed content for the record view status coverage.",
+    }),
+    status: "FAILED",
+    provenance: "CLIENT_FALLBACK",
+  });
+
+  const result = await caller.post.recordViewAndGetStatus({
+    postVersionId: seeded.post.postVersionId,
+  });
+
+  assert.deepEqual(result, {
+    investigationState: "FAILED",
+    investigationId: seeded.investigationId,
+    provenance: "CLIENT_FALLBACK",
+  });
+});
+
+void test("post.recordViewAndGetStatus reports COMPLETE investigations with their id", async () => {
+  const caller = createCaller();
+  const seeded = await seedInvestigationForXViewInput({
+    viewInput: buildXViewInput({
+      externalId: "record-view-status-complete-1",
+      observedContentText: "Complete content for the record view status coverage.",
+    }),
+    status: "COMPLETE",
+    provenance: "CLIENT_FALLBACK",
+    claimCount: 2,
+  });
+
+  const result = await caller.post.recordViewAndGetStatus({
+    postVersionId: seeded.post.postVersionId,
+  });
+
+  assert.equal(result.investigationState, "INVESTIGATED");
+  assert.equal(result.investigationId, seeded.investigationId);
+  assert.equal(result.claims.length, 2);
+});
+
+void test("post.recordViewAndGetStatus rejects unknown post versions", async () => {
+  const caller = createCaller();
+
+  await assert.rejects(
+    () => caller.post.recordViewAndGetStatus({ postVersionId: "unknown-post-version-id" }),
+    (error: unknown) => error instanceof TRPCError && error.code === "BAD_REQUEST",
+  );
+});
diff --git a/src/typescript/api/test/integration/api-endpoints.version-identity-and-retry.integration.test.ts b/src/typescript/api/test/integration/api-endpoints.version-identity-and-retry.integration.test.ts
index e319663..c0b9733 100644
--- a/src/typescript/api/test/integration/api-endpoints.version-identity-and-retry.integration.test.ts
+++ b/src/typescript/api/test/integration/api-endpoints.version-identity-and-retry.integration.test.ts
@@ -1,11 +1,10 @@
 import type { InvestigatorInput } from "../../src/lib/investigators/interface.js";
 import {
   InvestigatorExecutionError,
-  OpenAIInvestigator,
   assert,
   buildFailedAttemptAudit,
   buildLesswrongViewInput,
-  buildSucceededAttemptAudit,
+  buildSucceededInvestigatorOutput,
   buildXViewInput,
   createCaller,
   orchestrateInvestigation,
@@ -23,7 +22,6 @@ void test("investigateNow creates a new version and investigation when only imag
   const firstInput = buildXViewInput({
     externalId: "investigate-now-image-only-version-change-1",
     observedContentText: "The text body is unchanged between views.",
-    observedImageUrls: [firstImageUrl],
     observedImageOccurrences: [
       {
         originalIndex: 0,
@@ -40,7 +38,6 @@ void test("investigateNow creates a new version and investigation when only imag
   const secondInput = buildXViewInput({
     externalId: "investigate-now-image-only-version-change-1",
     observedContentText: "The text body is unchanged between views.",
-    observedImageUrls: [secondImageUrl],
     observedImageOccurrences: [
       {
         originalIndex: 0,
@@ -105,7 +102,6 @@ void test("orchestrateInvestigation retries with identical multimodal snapshot i
       externalId: "orchestrator-retry-multimodal-snapshot-1",
       htmlContent: html,
     }),
-    observedImageUrls: [imageUrl],
     observedImageOccurrences: [
       {
         originalIndex: 0,
@@ -123,52 +119,38 @@ void test("orchestrateInvestigation retries with identical multimodal snapshot i
   const capturedInputs: InvestigatorInput[] = [];
   let invocation = 0;
 
-  const originalInvestigateDescriptor = Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(
-    OpenAIInvestigator.prototype,
-    "investigate",
-  );
-  assert.ok(originalInvestigateDescriptor);
-  assert.equal(typeof originalInvestigateDescriptor.value, "function");
-  OpenAIInvestigator.prototype.investigate = async (input: InvestigatorInput) => {
-    capturedInputs.push(structuredClone(input));
-    invocation += 1;
-    if (invocation === 1) {
-      throw new InvestigatorExecutionError(
-        "simulated transient retry path",
-        buildFailedAttemptAudit("multimodal-retry-first"),
-        new Error("simulated network timeout"),
-      );
-    }
-    return {
-      result: { claims: [] },
-      attemptAudit: buildSucceededAttemptAudit("multimodal-retry-second"),
-      modelVersion: "test-model-version",
-    };
-  };
+  const createInvestigator = () => ({
+    investigate: async (input: InvestigatorInput) => {
+      capturedInputs.push(structuredClone(input));
+      invocation += 1;
+      if (invocation === 1) {
+        throw new InvestigatorExecutionError(
+          "simulated transient retry path",
+          buildFailedAttemptAudit("multimodal-retry-first"),
+          new Error("simulated network timeout"),
+        );
+      }
+      return buildSucceededInvestigatorOutput("multimodal-retry-second");
+    },
+  });
 
-  try {
-    await orchestrateInvestigation(
-      queued.investigationId,
-      { info() {}, warn() {}, error() {} },
-      {
-        workerIdentity: withIntegrationPrefix("worker-retry-snapshot-first"),
-      },
-    );
+  await orchestrateInvestigation(
+    queued.investigationId,
+    { info() {}, warn() {}, error() {} },
+    {
+      workerIdentity: withIntegrationPrefix("worker-retry-snapshot-first"),
+      createInvestigator,
+    },
+  );
 
-    await orchestrateInvestigation(
-      queued.investigationId,
-      { info() {}, warn() {}, error() {} },
-      {
-        workerIdentity: withIntegrationPrefix("worker-retry-snapshot-second"),
-      },
-    );
-  } finally {
-    Object.defineProperty(
-      OpenAIInvestigator.prototype,
-      "investigate",
-      originalInvestigateDescriptor,
-    );
-  }
+  await orchestrateInvestigation(
+    queued.investigationId,
+    { info() {}, warn() {}, error() {} },
+    {
+      workerIdentity: withIntegrationPrefix("worker-retry-snapshot-second"),
+      createInvestigator,
+    },
+  );
 
   assert.equal(capturedInputs.length, 2);
   const [firstAttemptInput, secondAttemptInput] = capturedInputs;
@@ -176,5 +158,9 @@ void test("orchestrateInvestigation retries with identical multimodal snapshot i
   assert.ok(secondAttemptInput);
   assert.deepEqual(secondAttemptInput, firstAttemptInput);
   assert.match(firstAttemptInput.contentMarkdown ?? "", /\[IMAGE:0\]/);
-  assert.equal(firstAttemptInput.imagePlaceholders?.[0]?.matchBy, "ORIGINAL_INDEX");
+  // Placeholders carry the image source URL captured at queue time, so the
+  // investigator matches [IMAGE:N] to the downloaded image by URL, never by position.
+  assert.deepEqual(firstAttemptInput.imagePlaceholders, [
+    { index: 0, matchBy: "SOURCE_URL", sourceUrl: imageUrl },
+  ]);
 });
diff --git a/src/typescript/api/test/integration/helpers/external-api-mocks.ts b/src/typescript/api/test/integration/helpers/external-api-mocks.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8398d9e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/typescript/api/test/integration/helpers/external-api-mocks.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+import { isNonNullObject } from "@openerrata/shared";
+
+/**
+ * Stand in for the OpenAI API during integration tests so no test can reach
+ * it. Keys containing "rejected" get 401 (OpenAI refused the key); every other
+ * key is accepted. Installed once, underneath any per-test fetch mocks.
+ */
+export function installMockOpenAiApi(): void {
+  const originalFetch = globalThis.fetch;
+  const mockedFetch: typeof fetch = async (input, init) => {
+    const url = new URL(
+      typeof input === "string" ? input : input instanceof URL ? input.href : input.url,
+    );
+    if (url.hostname !== "api.openai.com") {
+      return originalFetch(input, init);
+    }
+    const headers = new Headers(init?.headers ?? (input instanceof Request ? input.headers : {}));
+    const authorization = headers.get("authorization") ?? "";
+    if (authorization.includes("rejected")) {
+      return new Response(
+        JSON.stringify({
+          error: { message: "Incorrect API key provided", type: "invalid_request_error" },
+        }),
+        { status: 401, headers: { "Content-Type": "application/json" } },
+      );
+    }
+    const body = url.pathname.includes("/models")
+      ? { id: "mock-model", object: "model", created: 0, owned_by: "openai" }
+      : {
+          id: "resp_mock",
+          object: "response",
+          status: "completed",
+          model: "mock-model",
+          output: [],
+          output_text: "pong",
+        };
+    return new Response(JSON.stringify(body), {
+      status: 200,
+      headers: { "Content-Type": "application/json" },
+    });
+  };
+  globalThis.fetch = mockedFetch;
+}
+
+/** The post id a mocked LessWrong GraphQL request asks for. */
+export function lesswrongPostIdFromGraphqlBody(body: BodyInit | null | undefined): string {
+  if (typeof body !== "string") {
+    throw new Error("Expected LessWrong GraphQL request body to be a JSON string");
+  }
+  const parsed: unknown = JSON.parse(body);
+  if (
+    !isNonNullObject(parsed) ||
+    !isNonNullObject(parsed["variables"]) ||
+    typeof parsed["variables"]["id"] !== "string"
+  ) {
+    throw new Error("LessWrong GraphQL request is missing variables.id");
+  }
+  return parsed["variables"]["id"];
+}
diff --git a/src/typescript/api/test/integration/helpers/investigate-now-scenario-dsl.ts b/src/typescript/api/test/integration/helpers/investigate-now-scenario-dsl.ts
index 63fa925..4564bde 100644
--- a/src/typescript/api/test/integration/helpers/investigate-now-scenario-dsl.ts
+++ b/src/typescript/api/test/integration/helpers/investigate-now-scenario-dsl.ts
@@ -83,6 +83,10 @@ function expectedStoredStatusForScenario(
   if (scenario === "COMPLETE") {
     return "COMPLETE";
   }
+  // FAILED is terminal for a content version (SPEC §3.7); investigateNow returns it as is.
+  if (scenario === "FAILED") {
+    return "FAILED";
+  }
   if (scenario === "PROCESSING_ACTIVE") {
     return "PROCESSING";
   }
@@ -131,7 +135,7 @@ function createCallerPlan(input: {
     return {
       jitterMs: input.jitterMs,
       caller: createCaller({
-        userOpenAiApiKey: `sk-test-fuzz-${input.round.toString()}-${input.index.toString()}`,
+        userOpenAiApiKey: `sk-test-fuzz-key-${input.round.toString()}-${input.index.toString()}-0123456789`,
         viewerKey,
         ipRangeKey,
       }),
@@ -152,7 +156,7 @@ function createCallerPlan(input: {
   return {
     jitterMs: input.jitterMs,
     caller: createCaller({
-      userOpenAiApiKey: `sk-test-fuzz-mixed-${input.round.toString()}-${input.index.toString()}`,
+      userOpenAiApiKey: `sk-test-fuzz-mixed-${input.round.toString()}-${input.index.toString()}-0123456789`,
       viewerKey,
       ipRangeKey,
     }),
diff --git a/src/typescript/api/test/integration/integration-env.ts b/src/typescript/api/test/integration/integration-env.ts
index de2cb35..4d58b16 100644
--- a/src/typescript/api/test/integration/integration-env.ts
+++ b/src/typescript/api/test/integration/integration-env.ts
@@ -2,16 +2,18 @@ export const DEFAULT_INTEGRATION_DATABASE_URL =
   "postgresql://openerrata:openerrata_dev@localhost:5433/openerrata";
 
 const INTEGRATION_ENV_OVERRIDES = {
-  HMAC_SECRET: "test-hmac-secret",
   BLOB_STORAGE_PROVIDER: "aws",
   BLOB_STORAGE_REGION: "us-east-1",
   BLOB_STORAGE_ENDPOINT: "",
   BLOB_STORAGE_BUCKET: "test-openerrata-images",
   BLOB_STORAGE_ACCESS_KEY_ID: "test-blob-access-key",
   BLOB_STORAGE_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY: "test-blob-secret",
-  BLOB_STORAGE_PUBLIC_URL_PREFIX: "https://example.test/images",
   DATABASE_ENCRYPTION_KEY: "integration-test-database-encryption-key",
   OPENAI_API_KEY: "sk-test-openai-key",
+  OPENAI_MAX_RESPONSE_TOOL_ROUNDS: "150",
+  WORKER_CONCURRENCY: "250",
+  SELECTOR_DAILY_BUDGET: "100",
+  IP_RANGE_CREDIT_CAP: "10",
 } as const;
 
 interface ApplyIntegrationEnvironmentOptions {
diff --git a/src/typescript/api/test/integration/lesswrong-fixtures.ts b/src/typescript/api/test/integration/lesswrong-fixtures.ts
index a237ca0..4b51795 100644
--- a/src/typescript/api/test/integration/lesswrong-fixtures.ts
+++ b/src/typescript/api/test/integration/lesswrong-fixtures.ts
@@ -37,6 +37,8 @@ interface LesswrongFixtureDefinition {
   fixtureKey: string;
   externalId: string;
   postUrl: string;
+  /** The post's author on LessWrong; the live canary checks identity extraction against it. */
+  author: { slug: string; displayName: string };
 }
 
 const INTEGRATION_LESSWRONG_FIXTURE_DEFINITIONS: Record<
@@ -48,6 +50,7 @@ const INTEGRATION_LESSWRONG_FIXTURE_DEFINITIONS: Record<
     externalId: "ioZxrP7BhS5ArK59w",
     postUrl:
       "https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/ioZxrP7BhS5ArK59w/did-claude-3-opus-align-itself-via-gradient-hacking",
+    author: { slug: "fiora-starlight", displayName: "Fiora Starlight" },
   },
 };
 
diff --git a/src/typescript/api/test/integration/live-canary.test.ts b/src/typescript/api/test/integration/live-canary.test.ts
index a7d2112..e5ac739 100644
--- a/src/typescript/api/test/integration/live-canary.test.ts
+++ b/src/typescript/api/test/integration/live-canary.test.ts
@@ -1,12 +1,26 @@
+/**
+ * Live LessWrong canary: does production extraction still work against the
+ * real LessWrong API?
+ *
+ * It runs the same canonical fetch registerObservedVersion uses and checks
+ * properties that hold for any healthy extraction of the post, whatever its
+ * author has since edited: the server verifies it, the text is substantial
+ * and free of leaked markup, identity (URL, title, author) is extracted, and
+ * normalization is stable across a re-fetch. It deliberately does not compare
+ * against the cached fixture's text, which goes stale whenever the post is
+ * edited (refresh it with `pnpm refresh:fixtures:lesswrong <key>`).
+ */
 import assert from "node:assert/strict";
 import { test } from "node:test";
 import {
-  fetchLesswrongHtmlFromLive,
-  hashText,
   INTEGRATION_LESSWRONG_FIXTURE_KEYS,
   readLesswrongFixture,
+  resolveLesswrongFixtureDefinition,
 } from "./lesswrong-fixtures.js";
-import { lesswrongHtmlToNormalizedText } from "../../src/lib/services/content-fetcher.js";
+import {
+  fetchCanonicalContent,
+  lesswrongHtmlToNormalizedText,
+} from "../../src/lib/services/content-fetcher.js";
 
 const fixtureKeysFromEnv = (process.env["LESSWRONG_CANARY_FIXTURE_KEYS"] ?? "")
   .split(",")
@@ -17,20 +31,72 @@ const fixtureKeys =
     ? fixtureKeysFromEnv
     : Object.values(INTEGRATION_LESSWRONG_FIXTURE_KEYS);
 
+/**
+ * Extracted text must keep at least this share of the cached fixture's text.
+ * Edits move the length a little; extraction failures (truncated API fields,
+ * a changed content field, an over-eager filter) lose most of it.
+ */
+const MIN_LIVE_TO_FIXTURE_TEXT_RATIO = 0.5;
+
+// Structural HTML elements LessWrong posts are built from. Posts may quote
+// angle-bracketed text (e.g. "<bash>") legitimately, so only real HTML element
+// names count as leaked markup.
+const LEAKED_TAG_PATTERN =
+  /<\/?(?:p|div|span|a|em|strong|i|b|u|s|ul|ol|li|h[1-6]|blockquote|img|br|hr|figure|figcaption|table|thead|tbody|tr|td|th|code|pre|sup|sub|section|article)(?:\s[^<>]*)?\/?>/i;
+const LEAKED_ENTITY_PATTERN = /&(?:amp|lt|gt|quot|apos|nbsp|#\d+|#x[0-9a-f]+);/i;
+
+async function fetchLive(externalId: string, url: string) {
+  const result = await fetchCanonicalContent({ platform: "LESSWRONG", externalId, url });
+  if (result.provenance !== "SERVER_VERIFIED") {
+    assert.fail(
+      `LessWrong canonical fetch fell back for ${externalId}: ${result.fetchFailureReason}`,
+    );
+  }
+  return result;
+}
+
 void test(
-  "lesswrong fixture cache matches live pages",
+  "live LessWrong extraction produces verified, clean, stable content and identity",
   { skip: fixtureKeys.length === 0 },
   async () => {
     for (const fixtureKey of fixtureKeys) {
+      const definition = resolveLesswrongFixtureDefinition(fixtureKey);
       const fixture = await readLesswrongFixture(fixtureKey);
-      const liveHtml = await fetchLesswrongHtmlFromLive(fixture.externalId);
-      const liveHash = hashText(lesswrongHtmlToNormalizedText(liveHtml));
-      const fixtureHash = hashText(lesswrongHtmlToNormalizedText(fixture.html));
+      const fixtureText = lesswrongHtmlToNormalizedText(fixture.html);
+
+      const live = await fetchLive(definition.externalId, definition.postUrl);
+      const label = `${fixtureKey} (${definition.externalId})`;
+
+      assert.ok(
+        live.contentText.length >= fixtureText.length * MIN_LIVE_TO_FIXTURE_TEXT_RATIO,
+        `${label}: extracted ${live.contentText.length.toString()} chars, fixture has ${fixtureText.length.toString()}`,
+      );
+      assert.doesNotMatch(live.contentText, LEAKED_TAG_PATTERN, `${label}: HTML tags leaked`);
+      assert.doesNotMatch(live.contentText, LEAKED_ENTITY_PATTERN, `${label}: entities leaked`);
+      assert.equal(
+        live.contentText,
+        lesswrongHtmlToNormalizedText(live.sourceHtml),
+        `${label}: stored text must be the normalization of the stored HTML`,
+      );
+
+      const identity = live.canonicalIdentity;
+      if (identity.platform !== "LESSWRONG") {
+        assert.fail(`${label}: canonical identity is for ${identity.platform}`);
+      }
+      assert.match(
+        identity.url,
+        new RegExp(`^https://www\\.lesswrong\\.com/posts/${definition.externalId}/[^/]+$`),
+        `${label}: canonical URL`,
+      );
+      assert.ok(identity.title.trim().length > 0, `${label}: title extracted`);
+      assert.doesNotMatch(identity.title, LEAKED_TAG_PATTERN, `${label}: title markup`);
+      assert.deepEqual(identity.author, definition.author, `${label}: author`);
 
+      const refetched = await fetchLive(definition.externalId, definition.postUrl);
       assert.equal(
-        liveHash,
-        fixtureHash,
-        `Live LessWrong fixture drift detected for ${fixtureKey} (${fixture.externalId}).`,
+        refetched.contentHash,
+        live.contentHash,
+        `${label}: normalized text changed between two consecutive fetches`,
       );
     }
   },
diff --git a/src/typescript/api/test/integration/trigger-behavior.integration.test.ts b/src/typescript/api/test/integration/trigger-behavior.integration.test.ts
index 70170ec..db5e75a 100644
--- a/src/typescript/api/test/integration/trigger-behavior.integration.test.ts
+++ b/src/typescript/api/test/integration/trigger-behavior.integration.test.ts
@@ -124,6 +124,9 @@ async function createInvestigation(
       markdownSource: "NONE",
       markdown: null,
       markdownRendererVersion: null,
+      imagePlaceholderSourceUrls: [],
+      postUrl: "https://example.com/trigger-test-post",
+      hasVideo: false,
     },
   });
 
@@ -137,7 +140,9 @@ async function createInvestigation(
       status,
       promptId,
       provider: "OPENAI",
-      model: "OPENAI_GPT_5",
+      model: status === "COMPLETE" ? "gpt-6.1-sol" : null,
+      origin: "INSTANCE_REQUEST",
+      admittedAt: new Date(),
       checkedAt: options?.checkedAt ?? (status === "COMPLETE" ? new Date() : null),
     },
   });
@@ -605,3 +610,125 @@ describe("Investigation parent semantics trigger", () => {
     assert.equal(child.parentInvestigationId, parent.id);
   });
 });
+
+// ── Lease row ⇔ PROCESSING ──────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+function leaseRow(investigationId: string) {
+  const now = new Date();
+  return {
+    investigationId,
+    leaseOwner: uniqueId("worker"),
+    leaseExpiresAt: new Date(now.getTime() + 60_000),
+    startedAt: now,
+    heartbeatAt: now,
+  };
+}
+
+describe("Investigation lease invariant triggers", () => {
+  test("PENDING → PROCESSING with a lease in one transaction succeeds", async () => {
+    const post = await createTestPost("X");
+    const pv = await createPostVersion(post.id);
+    const investigation = await createInvestigation(pv.id, { status: "PENDING" });
+
+    await prisma.$transaction(async (tx) => {
+      await tx.investigation.update({
+        where: { id: investigation.id },
+        data: { status: "PROCESSING" },
+      });
+      await tx.investigationLease.create({ data: leaseRow(investigation.id) });
+    });
+
+    const stored = await prisma.investigation.findUniqueOrThrow({
+      where: { id: investigation.id },
+      select: { status: true, lease: { select: { investigationId: true } } },
+    });
+    assert.equal(stored.status, "PROCESSING");
+    assert.ok(stored.lease);
+  });
+
+  test("PROCESSING without a lease is rejected at commit", async () => {
+    const post = await createTestPost("X");
+    const pv = await createPostVersion(post.id);
+    const investigation = await createInvestigation(pv.id, { status: "PENDING" });
+
+    await assert.rejects(
+      prisma.investigation.update({
+        where: { id: investigation.id },
+        data: { status: "PROCESSING" },
+      }),
+      /lease row must exist iff status = PROCESSING/,
+    );
+  });
+
+  test("a lease on a non-PROCESSING investigation is rejected at commit", async () => {
+    const post = await createTestPost("X");
+    const pv = await createPostVersion(post.id);
+    const investigation = await createInvestigation(pv.id, { status: "PENDING" });
+
+    await assert.rejects(
+      prisma.investigationLease.create({ data: leaseRow(investigation.id) }),
+      /lease row must exist iff status = PROCESSING/,
+    );
+  });
+
+  test("leaving PROCESSING without deleting the lease is rejected", async () => {
+    const post = await createTestPost("X");
+    const pv = await createPostVersion(post.id);
+    const investigation = await createInvestigation(pv.id, { status: "PENDING" });
+    await prisma.$transaction(async (tx) => {
+      await tx.investigation.update({
+        where: { id: investigation.id },
+        data: { status: "PROCESSING" },
+      });
+      await tx.investigationLease.create({ data: leaseRow(investigation.id) });
+    });
+
+    await assert.rejects(
+      prisma.investigation.update({
+        where: { id: investigation.id },
+        data: { status: "PENDING" },
+      }),
+      /lease row must exist iff status = PROCESSING/,
+    );
+  });
+});
+
+// ── Post identity latch ─────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+describe("Post.identityVerifiedAt latch trigger", () => {
+  test("null → timestamp and timestamp → later timestamp succeed", async () => {
+    const post = await createTestPost("LESSWRONG");
+    await prisma.post.update({
+      where: { id: post.id },
+      data: { identityVerifiedAt: new Date("2026-01-01T00:00:00.000Z") },
+    });
+    await prisma.post.update({
+      where: { id: post.id },
+      data: { identityVerifiedAt: new Date("2026-02-01T00:00:00.000Z") },
+    });
+  });
+
+  test("timestamp → null is rejected", async () => {
+    const post = await createTestPost("LESSWRONG");
+    await prisma.post.update({
+      where: { id: post.id },
+      data: { identityVerifiedAt: new Date() },
+    });
+    await assert.rejects(
+      prisma.post.update({ where: { id: post.id }, data: { identityVerifiedAt: null } }),
+      /identityVerifiedAt cannot be cleared/,
+    );
+  });
+});
+
+// ── Substack has no server verification ─────────────────────────────────
+
+describe("Server-verified HTML snapshot trigger", () => {
+  test("a server-verified Substack version is rejected", async () => {
+    const post = await createTestPost("SUBSTACK");
+    await assert.rejects(
+      createPostVersion(post.id, { serverVerifiedAt: new Date() }),
+      /Substack posts have no server-side verification/,
+    );
+  });
+});
diff --git a/src/typescript/api/test/unit/attempt-audit.test.ts b/src/typescript/api/test/unit/attempt-audit.test.ts
deleted file mode 100644
index e419962..0000000
--- a/src/typescript/api/test/unit/attempt-audit.test.ts
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,188 +0,0 @@
-import assert from "node:assert/strict";
-import { test } from "node:test";
-import type {
-  InvestigatorAttemptAudit,
-  InvestigatorResponseAudit,
-} from "../../src/lib/investigators/interface.js";
-
-/**
- * Invariants under test:
- *
- * 1. **Outcome is derived, not declared**: persistAttemptAudit derives
- *    "SUCCEEDED"/"FAILED" from the audit's discriminated union (error !== null
- *    → FAILED). There is no separate `outcome` parameter. This makes the
- *    inconsistent state (outcome=SUCCEEDED + error present) unrepresentable.
- *
- * 2. **parseInvestigatorAttemptAudit rejects untrusted payloads at the
- *    boundary**: The audit enters as `unknown` from the investigator. Invalid
- *    shapes (non-objects, malformed timestamps, invalid pairings) must be
- *    caught here, not at the DB layer. These are runtime validation checks on
- *    data we don't control (OpenAI response shapes).
- *
- * 3. **Paired-nullability superRefine guards**: outputItem's
- *    providerItemId/itemStatus and toolCall's providerToolCallId/status must
- *    be both-present or both-null. These are runtime refinements that the
- *    TypeScript type system can't express (both fields are `string | null`).
- */
-
-import {
-  investigatorOutputItemAuditSchema,
-  investigatorToolCallAuditSchema,
-  parseInvestigatorAttemptAudit,
-} from "../../src/lib/investigators/interface.js";
-
-// ── Test fixtures ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
-
-const NOW = new Date().toISOString();
-
-function makeMinimalResponse(): InvestigatorResponseAudit {
-  return {
-    responseId: "resp_test_1",
-    responseStatus: "completed",
-    responseModelVersion: "gpt-4o-2025-01-01",
-    responseOutputText: '{"claims":[]}',
-    outputItems: [
-      {
-        outputIndex: 0,
-        providerItemId: "item_001",
-        itemType: "message",
-        itemStatus: "completed",
-      },
-    ],
-    outputTextParts: [
-      {
-        outputIndex: 0,
-        partIndex: 0,
-        partType: "output_text",
-        text: '{"claims":[]}',
-      },
-    ],
-    outputTextAnnotations: [],
-    reasoningSummaries: [],
-    toolCalls: [],
-    usage: {
-      inputTokens: 100,
-      outputTokens: 50,
-      totalTokens: 150,
-      cachedInputTokens: null,
-      reasoningOutputTokens: null,
-    },
-  };
-}
-
-function makeSucceededAudit(): InvestigatorAttemptAudit {
-  return {
-    startedAt: NOW,
-    completedAt: NOW,
-    requestModel: "gpt-4o",
-    requestInstructions: "system prompt",
-    requestInput: "user prompt",
-    requestReasoningEffort: "medium",
-    requestReasoningSummary: "auto",
-    requestedTools: [
-      {
-        requestOrder: 0,
-        toolType: "web_search_preview",
-        rawDefinition: { type: "web_search_preview" },
-      },
-    ],
-    response: makeMinimalResponse(),
-    error: null,
-  };
-}
-
-// ── parseInvestigatorAttemptAudit: boundary validation ────────────────────────
-//
-// The audit payload comes from the investigator as untyped data. These tests
-// verify the runtime boundary rejects shapes that would cause DB errors or
-// corrupt audit trails.
-
-test("parseInvestigatorAttemptAudit rejects non-object input", () => {
-  assert.throws(() => parseInvestigatorAttemptAudit("not an object"));
-  assert.throws(() => parseInvestigatorAttemptAudit(null));
-  assert.throws(() => parseInvestigatorAttemptAudit(42));
-});
-
-test("parseInvestigatorAttemptAudit rejects invalid ISO timestamps", () => {
-  assert.throws(() =>
-    parseInvestigatorAttemptAudit({
-      ...makeSucceededAudit(),
-      startedAt: "not-a-timestamp",
-    }),
-  );
-});
-
-test("parseInvestigatorAttemptAudit rejects error=null + response=null (impossible audit state)", () => {
-  // The discriminated union has two branches:
-  //   succeeded: error=null, response=ResponseAudit (non-null)
-  //   failed:    error=ErrorAudit (non-null), response=ResponseAudit|null
-  // error=null + response=null fits neither branch.
-  assert.throws(() =>
-    parseInvestigatorAttemptAudit({
-      ...makeSucceededAudit(),
-      response: null,
-      error: null,
-    }),
-  );
-});
-
-// ── Paired-nullability: outputItem providerItemId ↔ itemStatus ───────────────
-//
-// OpenAI sometimes returns output items without an id (e.g., intermediate
-// streaming items). The superRefine guard ensures we never store a half-
-// identified item (id without status or vice versa), which would break
-// the audit query joins. TypeScript's `string | null` can't express this
-// pairing constraint.
-
-test("outputItemAudit rejects providerItemId without itemStatus", () => {
-  const result = investigatorOutputItemAuditSchema.safeParse({
-    outputIndex: 0,
-    providerItemId: "item_001",
-    itemType: "message",
-    itemStatus: null,
-  });
-  assert.equal(result.success, false);
-});
-
-test("outputItemAudit rejects itemStatus without providerItemId", () => {
-  const result = investigatorOutputItemAuditSchema.safeParse({
-    outputIndex: 0,
-    providerItemId: null,
-    itemType: "message",
-    itemStatus: "completed",
-  });
-  assert.equal(result.success, false);
-});
-
-// ── Paired-nullability: toolCall providerToolCallId ↔ status ─────────────────
-//
-// Same invariant for tool calls. A tool call with an id but no status (or vice
-// versa) indicates a parsing bug in the audit extraction layer.
-
-test("toolCallAudit rejects providerToolCallId without status", () => {
-  const result = investigatorToolCallAuditSchema.safeParse({
-    outputIndex: 0,
-    providerToolCallId: "tc_001",
-    toolType: "web_search_preview",
-    status: null,
-    rawPayload: {},
-    capturedAt: NOW,
-    providerStartedAt: null,
-    providerCompletedAt: null,
-  });
-  assert.equal(result.success, false);
-});
-
-test("toolCallAudit rejects status without providerToolCallId", () => {
-  const result = investigatorToolCallAuditSchema.safeParse({
-    outputIndex: 0,
-    providerToolCallId: null,
-    toolType: "web_search_preview",
-    status: "completed",
-    rawPayload: {},
-    capturedAt: NOW,
-    providerStartedAt: null,
-    providerCompletedAt: null,
-  });
-  assert.equal(result.success, false);
-});
diff --git a/src/typescript/api/test/unit/canonical-resolution.test.ts b/src/typescript/api/test/unit/canonical-resolution.test.ts
index 8f161ba..7aac4a5 100644
--- a/src/typescript/api/test/unit/canonical-resolution.test.ts
+++ b/src/typescript/api/test/unit/canonical-resolution.test.ts
@@ -6,7 +6,17 @@ import {
   resolveCanonicalContentVersion,
   type ServerVerifiedContentMismatch,
 } from "../../src/lib/services/canonical-resolution.js";
-import type { CanonicalFetchInput } from "../../src/lib/services/content-fetcher.js";
+import type {
+  CanonicalFetchInput,
+  CanonicalIdentity,
+} from "../../src/lib/services/content-fetcher.js";
+
+const SERVER_IDENTITY: CanonicalIdentity = {
+  platform: "LESSWRONG",
+  url: "https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/unit-test-post-lw-1/openerrata",
+  title: "OpenErrata",
+  author: null,
+};
 
 function buildXViewInput(observedContentText: string): Extract<ViewPostInput, { platform: "X" }> {
   return viewPostInputSchema.parse({
@@ -92,7 +102,7 @@ test("resolveCanonicalContentVersion returns server-verified canonical content",
         contentText: "Server canonical text",
         contentHash: "server-hash",
         sourceHtml: "<p>Server canonical text</p>",
-        canonicalIdentity: null,
+        canonicalIdentity: SERVER_IDENTITY,
       };
     },
   });
@@ -107,7 +117,7 @@ test("resolveCanonicalContentVersion returns server-verified canonical content",
     contentText: "Server canonical text",
     contentHash: "server-hash",
     sourceHtml: "<p>Server canonical text</p>",
-    canonicalIdentity: null,
+    canonicalIdentity: SERVER_IDENTITY,
   });
 });
 
@@ -130,7 +140,7 @@ test("resolveCanonicalContentVersion uses server content even when client hash d
       contentText: "Server canonical text",
       contentHash: "server-hash",
       sourceHtml: "<p>Server canonical text</p>",
-      canonicalIdentity: null,
+      canonicalIdentity: SERVER_IDENTITY,
     }),
   });
 
@@ -139,7 +149,7 @@ test("resolveCanonicalContentVersion uses server content even when client hash d
     contentText: "Server canonical text",
     contentHash: "server-hash",
     sourceHtml: "<p>Server canonical text</p>",
-    canonicalIdentity: null,
+    canonicalIdentity: SERVER_IDENTITY,
   });
 });
 
@@ -167,7 +177,7 @@ test("resolveCanonicalContentVersion reports mismatches for all server-verified
         contentText: "Server canonical text",
         contentHash: "server-hash",
         sourceHtml: "<p>Server canonical text</p>",
-        canonicalIdentity: null,
+        canonicalIdentity: SERVER_IDENTITY,
       }),
       onServerVerifiedContentMismatch: (mismatch) => {
         capturedMismatch = mismatch;
@@ -286,7 +296,7 @@ test("resolveCanonicalContentVersion does not call onClientFallback on successfu
       contentText: "Observed text",
       contentHash: "observed-hash",
       sourceHtml: "<p>Observed text</p>",
-      canonicalIdentity: null,
+      canonicalIdentity: SERVER_IDENTITY,
     }),
     onClientFallback: () => {
       callbackCalled = true;
diff --git a/src/typescript/api/test/unit/content-fetcher.test.ts b/src/typescript/api/test/unit/content-fetcher.test.ts
index 622d62c..b4631ab 100644
--- a/src/typescript/api/test/unit/content-fetcher.test.ts
+++ b/src/typescript/api/test/unit/content-fetcher.test.ts
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import assert from "node:assert/strict";
 import { test } from "node:test";
 import {
-  CONTENT_BLOCK_SEPARATOR_TAGS,
+  WORD_SEPARATOR_TAGS,
   WIKIPEDIA_EXCLUDED_SECTION_TITLES,
   hashContent,
 } from "@openerrata/shared";
@@ -23,6 +23,16 @@ test("lesswrongHtmlToNormalizedText preserves malformed literal less-than text",
   assert.equal(lesswrongHtmlToNormalizedText(html), "1 < 2");
 });
 
+test("lesswrongHtmlToNormalizedText separates the words either side of a line break", () => {
+  const html =
+    "<p>See steg-reasoning-is-hard.<br>This work extends it.</p><p>A stanza<br/>in two lines</p>";
+
+  assert.equal(
+    lesswrongHtmlToNormalizedText(html),
+    "See steg-reasoning-is-hard. This work extends it. A stanza in two lines",
+  );
+});
+
 test("lesswrongHtmlToNormalizedText removes HTML comments", () => {
   const html = "<p>Hello</p> <!-- hidden --> <p>world</p>";
 
@@ -102,6 +112,7 @@ function makeWikipediaParseResponse(): Response {
   return new Response(
     JSON.stringify({
       parse: {
+        title: "OpenErrata",
         text: "<div class='mw-parser-output'><p>Server article text.</p></div>",
         pageid: 99999,
         revid: 67890,
@@ -227,6 +238,7 @@ test("fetchCanonicalContent returns SERVER_VERIFIED Wikipedia content and canoni
       new Response(
         JSON.stringify({
           parse: {
+            title: "Who Framed Roger Rabbit?",
             text: "<div class='mw-parser-output'><p>Server article text.</p></div>",
             pageid: 99999,
             revid: 67890,
@@ -259,6 +271,7 @@ test("fetchCanonicalContent returns SERVER_VERIFIED Wikipedia content and canoni
       sourceHtml: "<div class='mw-parser-output'><p>Server article text.</p></div>",
       canonicalIdentity: {
         platform: "WIKIPEDIA",
+        url: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Who_Framed_Roger_Rabbit%3F",
         language: "en",
         pageId: "99999",
         revisionId: "67890",
@@ -269,6 +282,97 @@ test("fetchCanonicalContent returns SERVER_VERIFIED Wikipedia content and canoni
   }
 });
 
+function makeLesswrongPostResponse(result: Record<string, unknown>): Response {
+  return new Response(JSON.stringify({ data: { post: { result } } }), {
+    status: 200,
+    headers: { "content-type": "application/json" },
+  });
+}
+
+const LESSWRONG_FETCH_INPUT = {
+  platform: "LESSWRONG" as const,
+  url: "https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/abc123/client-supplied-slug",
+  externalId: "abc123",
+};
+
+test("fetchCanonicalContent takes LessWrong URL, title and author from the server response", async () => {
+  const originalFetch = globalThis.fetch;
+  try {
+    globalThis.fetch = async (): Promise<Response> =>
+      makeLesswrongPostResponse({
+        _id: "abc123",
+        slug: "server-slug",
+        title: "Server Title",
+        contents: { html: "<p>Server body.</p>" },
+        user: { slug: "server-author", displayName: "Server Author" },
+      });
+
+    const result = await fetchCanonicalContent(LESSWRONG_FETCH_INPUT);
+    assert.equal(result.provenance, "SERVER_VERIFIED");
+    assert.equal(result.contentText, "Server body.");
+    assert.deepEqual(result.canonicalIdentity, {
+      platform: "LESSWRONG",
+      url: "https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/abc123/server-slug",
+      title: "Server Title",
+      author: { slug: "server-author", displayName: "Server Author" },
+    });
+  } finally {
+    globalThis.fetch = originalFetch;
+  }
+});
+
+test("fetchCanonicalContent falls back when LessWrong returns a different post", async () => {
+  const originalFetch = globalThis.fetch;
+  try {
+    globalThis.fetch = async (): Promise<Response> =>
+      makeLesswrongPostResponse({
+        _id: "someOtherPost",
+        slug: "s",
+        title: "T",
+        contents: { html: "<p>Body.</p>" },
+        user: null,
+      });
+
+    const result = await fetchCanonicalContent(LESSWRONG_FETCH_INPUT);
+    assert.equal(result.provenance, "CLIENT_FALLBACK");
+  } finally {
+    globalThis.fetch = originalFetch;
+  }
+});
+
+test("fetchCanonicalContent falls back instead of reading an oversized canonical response", async () => {
+  const originalFetch = globalThis.fetch;
+  try {
+    globalThis.fetch = async (): Promise<Response> =>
+      new Response("{}", {
+        status: 200,
+        headers: { "content-type": "application/json", "content-length": "52428800" },
+      });
+
+    const result = await fetchCanonicalContent(WIKIPEDIA_FETCH_INPUT);
+    assert.equal(result.provenance, "CLIENT_FALLBACK");
+  } finally {
+    globalThis.fetch = originalFetch;
+  }
+});
+
+test("fetchCanonicalContent passes an abort deadline to every fetch attempt", async () => {
+  const originalFetch = globalThis.fetch;
+  const signals: (AbortSignal | null | undefined)[] = [];
+  try {
+    globalThis.fetch = async (_input, init): Promise<Response> => {
+      signals.push(init?.signal);
+      return makeWikipediaParseResponse();
+    };
+
+    await fetchCanonicalContent(WIKIPEDIA_FETCH_INPUT);
+    assert.equal(signals.length, 1);
+    assert.ok(signals[0] instanceof AbortSignal);
+  } finally {
+    globalThis.fetch = originalFetch;
+  }
+});
+
 test("wikipediaHtmlToNormalizedText excludes references section and citation superscripts", () => {
   const html = `
     <div class="mw-parser-output">
@@ -391,6 +495,33 @@ test("wikipediaHtmlToNormalizedText handles Parsoid h3 sub-section exclusion und
   assert.equal(wikipediaHtmlToNormalizedText(html), "Main content.");
 });
 
+test("wikipediaHtmlToNormalizedText excludes the same sections when each sits in its own <section> element", () => {
+  // Parsoid read views (fr.wikipedia, 2026-10) nest every section, with its
+  // subsections, in a <section>; the Parse API returns the same article flat.
+  const section = (level: 2 | 3, title: string, body: string, nested = ""): string =>
+    `<section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading${level.toString()}"><h${level.toString()}>${title}</h${level.toString()}></div>${body}${nested}</section>`;
+  const heading = (level: 2 | 3, title: string): string =>
+    `<div class="mw-heading mw-heading${level.toString()}"><h${level.toString()}>${title}</h${level.toString()}></div>`;
+  const sectioned = `<div class="mw-parser-output">
+    <section><p>Lead.</p></section>
+    ${section(2, "Biographie", "<p>Life.</p>")}
+    ${section(2, "Notes et références", "<p>Cited source.</p>")}
+    ${section(2, "Voir aussi", "", section(3, "Bibliographie", "<p>A book.</p>") + section(3, "Articles connexes", "<p>Radium</p>"))}
+  </div>`;
+  const flat = `<div class="mw-parser-output">
+    <p>Lead.</p>
+    ${heading(2, "Biographie")}<p>Life.</p>
+    ${heading(2, "Notes et références")}<p>Cited source.</p>
+    ${heading(2, "Voir aussi")}
+    ${heading(3, "Bibliographie")}<p>A book.</p>
+    ${heading(3, "Articles connexes")}<p>Radium</p>
+  </div>`;
+
+  const expected = "Lead. Biographie Life. Voir aussi Articles connexes Radium";
+  assert.equal(wikipediaHtmlToNormalizedText(sectioned), expected);
+  assert.equal(wikipediaHtmlToNormalizedText(flat), expected);
+});
+
 test("wikipediaHtmlToNormalizedText treats div.mw-heading as a section boundary only with a direct heading child", () => {
   const html = `
     <div class="mw-parser-output">
@@ -409,25 +540,28 @@ test("wikipediaHtmlToNormalizedText treats div.mw-heading as a section boundary
   assert.equal(wikipediaHtmlToNormalizedText(html), "Lead paragraph. History Kept paragraph.");
 });
 
-// ── Block separator exhaustiveness ────────────────────────────────────────────
-// Every tag in CONTENT_BLOCK_SEPARATOR_TAGS must produce word-separated output
+// ── Word separator exhaustiveness ─────────────────────────────────────────────
+// Every tag in WORD_SEPARATOR_TAGS must produce word-separated output
 // when adjacent elements have no whitespace text node between them.  Both
 // extractors (lesswrong / wikipedia) are tested because they use different
 // internal traversal implementations that must stay in sync.
 //
 // Table-related tags (<tr>, <td>, <th>) cannot contain text as direct children
 // in valid HTML — parse5 foster-parents text nodes outside the element when no
-// table context exists, which defeats the block-separator check.  The map below
-// provides minimal valid table structures that exercise each tag as a separator.
-const TABLE_BLOCK_SEPARATOR_HTML: Record<string, string> = {
+// table context exists, which defeats the separator check; void elements
+// (<br>, <hr>) hold no text and separate the text around them.  The map below
+// provides minimal valid structures that exercise each such tag as a separator.
+const SEPARATOR_HTML_OVERRIDES: Record<string, string> = {
   tr: "<table><tbody><tr><td>Word1</td></tr><tr><td>Word2</td></tr></tbody></table>",
   td: "<table><tbody><tr><td>Word1</td><td>Word2</td></tr></tbody></table>",
   th: "<table><thead><tr><th>Word1</th><th>Word2</th></tr></thead></table>",
+  br: "<p>Word1<br>Word2</p>",
+  hr: "Word1<hr>Word2",
 };
 
-test("lesswrongHtmlToNormalizedText separates text across adjacent CONTENT_BLOCK_SEPARATOR_TAGS elements", () => {
-  for (const tag of CONTENT_BLOCK_SEPARATOR_TAGS) {
-    const html = TABLE_BLOCK_SEPARATOR_HTML[tag] ?? `<${tag}>Word1</${tag}><${tag}>Word2</${tag}>`;
+test("lesswrongHtmlToNormalizedText separates text across adjacent WORD_SEPARATOR_TAGS elements", () => {
+  for (const tag of WORD_SEPARATOR_TAGS) {
+    const html = SEPARATOR_HTML_OVERRIDES[tag] ?? `<${tag}>Word1</${tag}><${tag}>Word2</${tag}>`;
     assert.equal(
       lesswrongHtmlToNormalizedText(html),
       "Word1 Word2",
@@ -436,9 +570,9 @@ test("lesswrongHtmlToNormalizedText separates text across adjacent CONTENT_BLOCK
   }
 });
 
-test("wikipediaHtmlToNormalizedText separates text across adjacent CONTENT_BLOCK_SEPARATOR_TAGS elements", () => {
-  for (const tag of CONTENT_BLOCK_SEPARATOR_TAGS) {
-    const inner = TABLE_BLOCK_SEPARATOR_HTML[tag] ?? `<${tag}>Word1</${tag}><${tag}>Word2</${tag}>`;
+test("wikipediaHtmlToNormalizedText separates text across adjacent WORD_SEPARATOR_TAGS elements", () => {
+  for (const tag of WORD_SEPARATOR_TAGS) {
+    const inner = SEPARATOR_HTML_OVERRIDES[tag] ?? `<${tag}>Word1</${tag}><${tag}>Word2</${tag}>`;
     assert.equal(
       wikipediaHtmlToNormalizedText(`<div class="mw-parser-output">${inner}</div>`),
       "Word1 Word2",
diff --git a/src/typescript/api/test/unit/env-config.test.ts b/src/typescript/api/test/unit/env-config.test.ts
index dc0694c..c5016aa 100644
--- a/src/typescript/api/test/unit/env-config.test.ts
+++ b/src/typescript/api/test/unit/env-config.test.ts
@@ -5,14 +5,16 @@ import { parseEnvironmentValues } from "../../src/lib/config/env.js";
 function createBaseEnvironment(overrides: Partial<NodeJS.ProcessEnv> = {}): NodeJS.ProcessEnv {
   return {
     DATABASE_URL: "postgresql://openerrata:openerrata_dev@localhost:5433/openerrata",
-    HMAC_SECRET: "test-hmac-secret",
     BLOB_STORAGE_PROVIDER: "aws",
     BLOB_STORAGE_REGION: "us-west-2",
     BLOB_STORAGE_BUCKET: "test-openerrata-images",
     BLOB_STORAGE_ACCESS_KEY_ID: "test-blob-access-key",
     BLOB_STORAGE_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY: "test-blob-secret",
-    BLOB_STORAGE_PUBLIC_URL_PREFIX: "https://example.test/images",
     DATABASE_ENCRYPTION_KEY: "integration-test-database-encryption-key",
+    OPENAI_MAX_RESPONSE_TOOL_ROUNDS: "150",
+    WORKER_CONCURRENCY: "250",
+    SELECTOR_DAILY_BUDGET: "100",
+    IP_RANGE_CREDIT_CAP: "10",
     ...overrides,
   };
 }
@@ -22,7 +24,6 @@ test("accepts aws blob storage configuration with an explicit region", () => {
   assert.equal(environment.BLOB_STORAGE_PROVIDER, "aws");
   assert.equal(environment.BLOB_STORAGE_REGION, "us-west-2");
   assert.equal(environment.BLOB_STORAGE_ENDPOINT, undefined);
-  assert.equal(environment.WORKER_CONCURRENCY, 250);
 });
 
 test("accepts a custom worker concurrency", () => {
@@ -34,6 +35,20 @@ test("accepts a custom worker concurrency", () => {
   assert.equal(environment.WORKER_CONCURRENCY, 32);
 });
 
+test("requires the numeric tuning variables the chart always sets", () => {
+  for (const name of [
+    "OPENAI_MAX_RESPONSE_TOOL_ROUNDS",
+    "WORKER_CONCURRENCY",
+    "SELECTOR_DAILY_BUDGET",
+    "IP_RANGE_CREDIT_CAP",
+  ]) {
+    assert.throws(
+      () => parseEnvironmentValues(createBaseEnvironment({ [name]: undefined })),
+      new RegExp(name),
+    );
+  }
+});
+
 test("rejects aws blob storage configuration when endpoint is set", () => {
   assert.throws(
     () =>
@@ -84,3 +99,11 @@ test("accepts s3-compatible blob storage with endpoint and region", () => {
   assert.equal(environment.BLOB_STORAGE_REGION, "auto");
   assert.equal(environment.BLOB_STORAGE_ENDPOINT, "https://example.r2.cloudflarestorage.com");
 });
+
+test("SELECTOR_DAILY_BUDGET is read as a positive integer", () => {
+  assert.equal(
+    parseEnvironmentValues(createBaseEnvironment({ SELECTOR_DAILY_BUDGET: "25" }))
+      .SELECTOR_DAILY_BUDGET,
+    25,
+  );
+});
diff --git a/src/typescript/api/test/unit/env-example.test.ts b/src/typescript/api/test/unit/env-example.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..22490d8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/typescript/api/test/unit/env-example.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+import assert from "node:assert/strict";
+import { readFileSync } from "node:fs";
+import { test } from "node:test";
+import { parse as parseDotenv } from "dotenv";
+import { parseEnvironmentValues } from "../../src/lib/config/env.js";
+
+// README tells developers to copy api/.env.example to api/.env, so the example
+// must always be a complete, valid configuration.
+test("api/.env.example satisfies the API environment schema", () => {
+  const example = parseDotenv(readFileSync(new URL("../../.env.example", import.meta.url)));
+  assert.doesNotThrow(() => parseEnvironmentValues(example));
+});
diff --git a/src/typescript/api/test/unit/frontend-graphql-contract.test.ts b/src/typescript/api/test/unit/frontend-graphql-contract.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0a87bb3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/typescript/api/test/unit/frontend-graphql-contract.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,134 @@
+/**
+ * Consumer contract for the public frontend: every GraphQL document the site
+ * sends must validate against this API's schema, and the API's responses to
+ * it must parse with the shared output schemas the site parses them with.
+ */
+import assert from "node:assert/strict";
+import { test } from "node:test";
+import { graphql, parse, validate } from "graphql";
+import {
+  publicInvestigationQuery,
+  searchInvestigationsQuery,
+} from "../../../frontend/src/lib/public-queries.js";
+import { createPublicGraphqlSchema } from "../../src/lib/graphql/public-schema.js";
+
+const checkedAt = new Date("2026-09-30T12:00:00.000Z");
+
+/** In-process execution keeps scalars as JS values (e.g. Date); the HTTP handler sends JSON. */
+function overTheWire(data: unknown): unknown {
+  return JSON.parse(JSON.stringify(data));
+}
+
+const schema = createPublicGraphqlSchema({
+  getPublicInvestigationById: async (_prisma, investigationId) =>
+    investigationId === "missing"
+      ? null
+      : {
+          investigation: {
+            id: investigationId,
+            origin: { provenance: "SERVER_VERIFIED", serverVerifiedAt: checkedAt },
+            corroborationCount: 1,
+            checkedAt,
+            promptVersion: "v1.0.0",
+            provider: "OPENAI",
+            model: "gpt-6.1-sol",
+          },
+          post: {
+            platform: "WIKIPEDIA",
+            externalId: "en:42",
+            url: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Example",
+          },
+          claims: [
+            {
+              id: "claim-1",
+              text: "Claim text",
+              context: "Context around the claim text",
+              summary: "Correction summary",
+              reasoning: "Reasoning",
+              sources: [{ url: "https://example.org/a", title: "A", snippet: "Snippet" }],
+            },
+          ],
+        },
+  getPublicPostInvestigations: async () => ({ post: null, investigations: [] }),
+  searchPublicInvestigations: async () => ({
+    investigations: [
+      {
+        id: "inv-1",
+        contentHash: "b".repeat(64),
+        checkedAt,
+        platform: "X",
+        externalId: "1234",
+        url: "https://x.com/someone/status/1234",
+        origin: { provenance: "CLIENT_FALLBACK", serverVerifiedAt: null },
+        corroborationCount: 0,
+        claimCount: 1,
+        claimSummaries: [{ id: "claim-1", summary: "Correction summary" }],
+      },
+      {
+        id: "inv-2",
+        contentHash: "c".repeat(64),
+        checkedAt,
+        platform: "SUBSTACK",
+        externalId: "99",
+        url: "https://example.substack.com/p/post",
+        origin: { provenance: "CLIENT_FALLBACK", serverVerifiedAt: checkedAt },
+        corroborationCount: 3,
+        claimCount: 0,
+        claimSummaries: [],
+      },
+    ],
+    hasMore: true,
+  }),
+  getPublicMetrics: async () => ({
+    totalInvestigatedPosts: 0,
+    investigatedPostsWithFlags: 0,
+    factCheckIncidence: 0,
+  }),
+});
+
+for (const [name, query] of Object.entries({
+  searchInvestigationsQuery,
+  publicInvestigationQuery,
+})) {
+  test(`frontend ${name} validates against the public GraphQL schema`, () => {
+    assert.deepEqual(validate(schema, parse(query.document)), []);
+  });
+}
+
+test("searchInvestigations responses parse with the frontend's shared schema", async () => {
+  const result = await graphql({
+    schema,
+    source: searchInvestigationsQuery.document,
+    variableValues: searchInvestigationsQuery.variablesSchema.parse({
+      platform: "X",
+      minClaimCount: 1,
+    }),
+    contextValue: { prisma: {} },
+  });
+  assert.equal(result.errors, undefined);
+
+  const data = searchInvestigationsQuery.dataSchema.parse(overTheWire(result.data));
+  assert.equal(data.searchInvestigations.investigations.length, 2);
+  assert.equal(data.searchInvestigations.hasMore, true);
+});
+
+async function runPublicInvestigationQuery(investigationId: string) {
+  const result = await graphql({
+    schema,
+    source: publicInvestigationQuery.document,
+    variableValues: publicInvestigationQuery.variablesSchema.parse({ investigationId }),
+    contextValue: { prisma: {} },
+  });
+  assert.equal(result.errors, undefined);
+  return publicInvestigationQuery.dataSchema.parse(overTheWire(result.data)).publicInvestigation;
+}
+
+test("publicInvestigation responses parse with the frontend's shared schema", async () => {
+  const investigation = await runPublicInvestigationQuery("inv-1");
+  assert.equal(investigation?.investigation.model, "gpt-6.1-sol");
+  assert.equal(investigation.claims.length, 1);
+});
+
+test("publicInvestigation answers null for an unknown investigation", async () => {
+  assert.equal(await runPublicInvestigationQuery("missing"), null);
+});
diff --git a/src/typescript/api/test/unit/hmac.test.ts b/src/typescript/api/test/unit/hmac.test.ts
deleted file mode 100644
index 6614c5a..0000000
--- a/src/typescript/api/test/unit/hmac.test.ts
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,30 +0,0 @@
-import assert from "node:assert/strict";
-import { createHmac } from "node:crypto";
-import { test } from "node:test";
-import { verifyHmac } from "../../src/lib/services/hmac.js";
-
-const TEST_SECRET = "test-hmac-secret";
-
-function sign(body: string): string {
-  return createHmac("sha256", TEST_SECRET).update(body).digest("hex");
-}
-
-test("verifyHmac accepts signatures computed with the configured secret", async () => {
-  const body = '{"message":"hello"}';
-  const signature = sign(body);
-
-  const accepted = await verifyHmac(TEST_SECRET, body, signature);
-  assert.equal(accepted, true);
-});
-
-test("verifyHmac rejects wrong signatures and mismatched lengths", async () => {
-  const body = '{"message":"hello"}';
-  const goodSignature = sign(body);
-  const wrongBodySignature = sign('{"message":"different"}');
-  const sameLengthWrongSignature =
-    goodSignature.slice(0, -1) + (goodSignature.endsWith("0") ? "1" : "0");
-
-  assert.equal(await verifyHmac(TEST_SECRET, body, wrongBodySignature), false);
-  assert.equal(await verifyHmac(TEST_SECRET, body, sameLengthWrongSignature), false);
-  assert.equal(await verifyHmac(TEST_SECRET, body, "short"), false);
-});
diff --git a/src/typescript/api/test/unit/host-safety.test.ts b/src/typescript/api/test/unit/host-safety.test.ts
index 286a38e..ccfb83f 100644
--- a/src/typescript/api/test/unit/host-safety.test.ts
+++ b/src/typescript/api/test/unit/host-safety.test.ts
@@ -1,27 +1,136 @@
 import assert from "node:assert/strict";
+import { createServer } from "node:http";
+import type { AddressInfo } from "node:net";
 import { test } from "node:test";
-import { hasAddressIntersection, isPrivateIpAddress } from "../../src/lib/network/host-safety.js";
+import ipaddr from "ipaddr.js";
+import {
+  isLocallyScopedHostname,
+  isPublicUnicastAddress,
+  parseIpLiteral,
+} from "../../src/lib/network/host-safety.js";
+import {
+  BlockedDestinationError,
+  fetchPublicHttp,
+  publicOnlyLookup,
+} from "../../src/lib/network/public-http-fetch.js";
 
-test("isPrivateIpAddress blocks reserved IPv4 ranges used for SSRF bypasses", () => {
-  assert.equal(isPrivateIpAddress("100.64.0.1"), true);
-  assert.equal(isPrivateIpAddress("198.18.0.1"), true);
-  assert.equal(isPrivateIpAddress("240.0.0.1"), true);
-  assert.equal(isPrivateIpAddress("255.255.255.255"), true);
+function isPublic(address: string): boolean {
+  return isPublicUnicastAddress(ipaddr.parse(address));
+}
+
+test("isPublicUnicastAddress rejects private, loopback, link-local, CGNAT and reserved IPv4", () => {
+  for (const address of [
+    "10.0.0.1",
+    "172.16.5.4",
+    "192.168.1.1",
+    "127.0.0.1",
+    "169.254.169.254",
+    "100.64.0.1",
+    "198.18.0.1",
+    "192.0.0.1",
+    "240.0.0.1",
+    "224.0.0.1",
+    "255.255.255.255",
+    "0.0.0.0",
+  ]) {
+    assert.equal(isPublic(address), false, address);
+  }
+});
+
+test("isPublicUnicastAddress rejects IPv6 forms that can reach internal networks", () => {
+  for (const address of [
+    "::1",
+    "::",
+    "fc00::1",
+    "fe80::1",
+    "ff02::1",
+    "::ffff:10.0.0.1",
+    "64:ff9b::a00:1", // NAT64 well-known prefix
+    "64:ff9b:1::a00:1", // NAT64 local-use prefix
+    "2002:a00:1::1", // 6to4
+    "2001::1", // Teredo
+    "2001:db8::1",
+  ]) {
+    assert.equal(isPublic(address), false, address);
+  }
 });
 
-test("isPrivateIpAddress blocks mapped IPv4 private ranges in IPv6 notation", () => {
-  assert.equal(isPrivateIpAddress("::ffff:192.168.1.1"), true);
-  assert.equal(isPrivateIpAddress("::ffff:c0a8:0101"), true);
-  assert.equal(isPrivateIpAddress("[::ffff:c0a8:0101]"), true);
+test("isPublicUnicastAddress accepts ordinary public addresses", () => {
+  assert.equal(isPublic("8.8.8.8"), true);
+  assert.equal(isPublic("2606:4700:4700::1111"), true);
 });
 
-test("isPrivateIpAddress allows normal public addresses", () => {
-  assert.equal(isPrivateIpAddress("8.8.8.8"), false);
-  assert.equal(isPrivateIpAddress("2606:4700:4700::1111"), false);
-  assert.equal(isPrivateIpAddress("[2606:4700:4700::1111]"), false);
+test("parseIpLiteral recognizes bracketed and zoned IPv6 literals but not DNS names", () => {
+  assert.equal(parseIpLiteral("[::1]")?.toString(), "::1");
+  assert.equal(parseIpLiteral("fe80::1%eth0")?.toString(), "fe80::1");
+  assert.equal(parseIpLiteral("203.0.113.5")?.toString(), "203.0.113.5");
+  assert.equal(parseIpLiteral("example.com"), null);
+});
+
+test("isLocallyScopedHostname flags localhost-style names", () => {
+  assert.equal(isLocallyScopedHostname("localhost"), true);
+  assert.equal(isLocallyScopedHostname("LOCALHOST."), true);
+  assert.equal(isLocallyScopedHostname("printer.local"), true);
+  assert.equal(isLocallyScopedHostname("app.localhost"), true);
+  assert.equal(isLocallyScopedHostname("example.com"), false);
+});
+
+function lookupAll(hostname: string): Promise<{ error: Error | null; addresses: unknown }> {
+  return new Promise((resolve) => {
+    publicOnlyLookup(hostname, { all: true }, (error, addresses) => {
+      resolve({ error, addresses });
+    });
+  });
+}
+
+test("publicOnlyLookup refuses a name that resolves to a non-public address", async () => {
+  const { error } = await lookupAll("localhost");
+  assert.ok(error instanceof BlockedDestinationError);
+});
+
+test("publicOnlyLookup passes through public addresses in both callback shapes", async () => {
+  const all = await lookupAll("8.8.8.8");
+  assert.equal(all.error, null);
+  assert.deepEqual(all.addresses, [{ address: "8.8.8.8", family: 4 }]);
+
+  const single = await new Promise<{ address: unknown; family: unknown }>((resolve) => {
+    publicOnlyLookup("8.8.8.8", { all: false }, (_error, address, family) => {
+      resolve({ address, family });
+    });
+  });
+  assert.deepEqual(single, { address: "8.8.8.8", family: 4 });
 });
 
-test("hasAddressIntersection compares address sets case-insensitively", () => {
-  assert.equal(hasAddressIntersection(["2001:DB8::1", "203.0.113.5"], ["203.0.113.5"]), true);
-  assert.equal(hasAddressIntersection(["2001:DB8::1"], ["2001:db8::2"]), false);
+test("fetchPublicHttp never connects to loopback, private or credentialed URLs", async () => {
+  let requests = 0;
+  const server = createServer((_request, response) => {
+    requests += 1;
+    response.end("internal");
+  });
+  await new Promise<void>((resolve) => {
+    server.listen(0, "127.0.0.1", resolve);
+  });
+  const { port } = server.address() as AddressInfo;
+  try {
+    for (const url of [
+      `http://127.0.0.1:${port.toString()}/`,
+      `http://[::ffff:127.0.0.1]:${port.toString()}/`,
+      `http://localhost:${port.toString()}/`,
+      `http://user:pass@example.com/`,
+      `ftp://example.com/`,
+    ]) {
+      await assert.rejects(
+        fetchPublicHttp({ url: new URL(url), headers: {}, signal: AbortSignal.timeout(5_000) }),
+        BlockedDestinationError,
+        url,
+      );
+    }
+    assert.equal(requests, 0);
+  } finally {
+    await new Promise<void>((resolve) => {
+      server.close(() => {
+        resolve();
+      });
+    });
+  }
 });
diff --git a/src/typescript/api/test/unit/html-to-markdown.test.ts b/src/typescript/api/test/unit/html-to-markdown.test.ts
index e0fe959..6039762 100644
--- a/src/typescript/api/test/unit/html-to-markdown.test.ts
+++ b/src/typescript/api/test/unit/html-to-markdown.test.ts
@@ -11,11 +11,14 @@ import {
   substackHtmlToContentMarkdown,
 } from "../../src/lib/services/html-to-markdown.js";
 
+/** Base URL for resolving relative image sources. */
+const POST_URL = "https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/abc123/example-post";
+
 // ── Basic structural elements ────────────────────────────────────────────
 
 test("converts headings to markdown heading syntax", () => {
   const html = "<h1>Title</h1><h2>Subtitle</h2><h3>Sub-subtitle</h3>";
-  const md = lesswrongHtmlToContentMarkdown(html).markdown;
+  const md = lesswrongHtmlToContentMarkdown(html, POST_URL).markdown;
   assert.ok(md.includes("# Title"));
   assert.ok(md.includes("## Subtitle"));
   assert.ok(md.includes("### Sub-subtitle"));
@@ -23,7 +26,7 @@ test("converts headings to markdown heading syntax", () => {
 
 test("converts paragraphs to double-newline-separated blocks", () => {
   const html = "<p>First paragraph.</p><p>Second paragraph.</p>";
-  const md = lesswrongHtmlToContentMarkdown(html).markdown;
+  const md = lesswrongHtmlToContentMarkdown(html, POST_URL).markdown;
   assert.ok(md.includes("First paragraph."));
   assert.ok(md.includes("Second paragraph."));
   // Should have separation between paragraphs.
@@ -34,7 +37,7 @@ test("converts paragraphs to double-newline-separated blocks", () => {
 
 test("converts unordered lists to dash-prefixed items", () => {
   const html = "<ul><li>Item one</li><li>Item two</li><li>Item three</li></ul>";
-  const md = lesswrongHtmlToContentMarkdown(html).markdown;
+  const md = lesswrongHtmlToContentMarkdown(html, POST_URL).markdown;
   assert.ok(md.includes("-   Item one"));
   assert.ok(md.includes("-   Item two"));
   assert.ok(md.includes("-   Item three"));
@@ -42,7 +45,7 @@ test("converts unordered lists to dash-prefixed items", () => {
 
 test("converts ordered lists to numbered items", () => {
   const html = "<ol><li>First</li><li>Second</li><li>Third</li></ol>";
-  const md = lesswrongHtmlToContentMarkdown(html).markdown;
+  const md = lesswrongHtmlToContentMarkdown(html, POST_URL).markdown;
   assert.ok(md.includes("1.  First"), `Expected "1.  First" in: ${md}`);
   assert.ok(md.includes("2.  Second"), `Expected "2.  Second" in: ${md}`);
   assert.ok(md.includes("3.  Third"), `Expected "3.  Third" in: ${md}`);
@@ -51,7 +54,7 @@ test("converts ordered lists to numbered items", () => {
 test("handles nested lists with indentation", () => {
   const html =
     "<ul><li>Outer<ul><li>Inner one</li><li>Inner two</li></ul></li><li>Another outer</li></ul>";
-  const md = lesswrongHtmlToContentMarkdown(html).markdown;
+  const md = lesswrongHtmlToContentMarkdown(html, POST_URL).markdown;
   assert.ok(md.includes("-   Outer"), `Expected "-   Outer" in: ${md}`);
   assert.ok(md.includes("-   Inner one"), `Expected nested "-   Inner one" in: ${md}`);
   assert.ok(md.includes("-   Inner two"), `Expected nested "-   Inner two" in: ${md}`);
@@ -60,7 +63,7 @@ test("handles nested lists with indentation", () => {
 
 test("converts blockquotes to > prefixed text", () => {
   const html = "<blockquote><p>A wise quote.</p></blockquote>";
-  const md = lesswrongHtmlToContentMarkdown(html).markdown;
+  const md = lesswrongHtmlToContentMarkdown(html, POST_URL).markdown;
   assert.ok(md.includes("> A wise quote."), `Expected "> A wise quote." in: ${md}`);
 });
 
@@ -68,41 +71,41 @@ test("converts blockquotes to > prefixed text", () => {
 
 test("renders bold tags as plain text (no ** markers)", () => {
   const html = "<p>This is <strong>important</strong> text.</p>";
-  const md = lesswrongHtmlToContentMarkdown(html).markdown;
+  const md = lesswrongHtmlToContentMarkdown(html, POST_URL).markdown;
   assert.ok(md.includes("important"));
   assert.ok(!md.includes("**important**"));
 });
 
 test("renders <b> tags as plain text (no ** markers)", () => {
   const html = "<p>Also <b>bold</b> text.</p>";
-  const md = lesswrongHtmlToContentMarkdown(html).markdown;
+  const md = lesswrongHtmlToContentMarkdown(html, POST_URL).markdown;
   assert.ok(md.includes("bold"));
   assert.ok(!md.includes("**bold**"));
 });
 
 test("renders italic tags as plain text (no * markers)", () => {
   const html = "<p>This is <em>emphasized</em> text.</p>";
-  const md = lesswrongHtmlToContentMarkdown(html).markdown;
+  const md = lesswrongHtmlToContentMarkdown(html, POST_URL).markdown;
   assert.ok(md.includes("emphasized"));
   assert.ok(!md.includes("*emphasized*"));
 });
 
 test("renders <i> tags as plain text (no * markers)", () => {
   const html = "<p>Also <i>italic</i> text.</p>";
-  const md = lesswrongHtmlToContentMarkdown(html).markdown;
+  const md = lesswrongHtmlToContentMarkdown(html, POST_URL).markdown;
   assert.ok(md.includes("italic"));
   assert.ok(!md.includes("*italic*"));
 });
 
 test("converts links to markdown link syntax", () => {
   const html = '<p>Visit <a href="https://example.com">Example</a> for more.</p>';
-  const md = lesswrongHtmlToContentMarkdown(html).markdown;
+  const md = lesswrongHtmlToContentMarkdown(html, POST_URL).markdown;
   assert.ok(md.includes("[Example](https://example.com)"));
 });
 
 test("preserves superscript text inline", () => {
   const html = "<p>Footnote<sup>1</sup> here.</p>";
-  const md = lesswrongHtmlToContentMarkdown(html).markdown;
+  const md = lesswrongHtmlToContentMarkdown(html, POST_URL).markdown;
   assert.ok(md.includes("Footnote1 here."), `Expected inline superscript text in: ${md}`);
 });
 
@@ -111,7 +114,7 @@ test("preserves superscript text inline", () => {
 test("excludes NON_CONTENT_TAGS (script, style, noscript)", () => {
   const html =
     '<p>Article text.</p><script>var x = "leaked";</script><style>.cls { color: red; }</style><noscript>tracking</noscript><p>More text.</p>';
-  const md = lesswrongHtmlToContentMarkdown(html).markdown;
+  const md = lesswrongHtmlToContentMarkdown(html, POST_URL).markdown;
   assert.ok(!md.includes("leaked"));
   assert.ok(!md.includes("color"));
   assert.ok(!md.includes("tracking"));
@@ -120,29 +123,25 @@ test("excludes NON_CONTENT_TAGS (script, style, noscript)", () => {
 });
 
 test("replaces img elements with [IMAGE:N] placeholders", () => {
-  const { markdown, imagePlaceholders } = lesswrongHtmlToContentMarkdown(
+  const { markdown, imageSourceUrls } = lesswrongHtmlToContentMarkdown(
     '<p>Before image.</p><img src="test.jpg" alt="test"/><p>After image.</p>',
+    POST_URL,
   );
   assert.ok(!markdown.includes("test.jpg"), "src URL should not appear in markdown");
   assert.ok(markdown.includes("[IMAGE:0]"), "placeholder should appear in markdown");
   assert.ok(markdown.includes("Before image."));
   assert.ok(markdown.includes("After image."));
-  assert.equal(imagePlaceholders.length, 1);
-  assert.deepEqual(imagePlaceholders[0], {
-    index: 0,
-    matchBy: "SOURCE_URL",
-    sourceUrl: "test.jpg",
-  });
+  assert.deepEqual(imageSourceUrls, ["https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/abc123/test.jpg"]);
 });
 
 test("strips anchor wrapper when link contains only an image", () => {
   // Substack (and other platforms) wrap images in <a href="..."><img/></a>.
   // The anchor URL is redundant because the image URL is already captured in
-  // imagePlaceholders, so the link markup should be removed and only the
+  // imageSourceUrls, so the link markup should be removed and only the
   // [IMAGE:N] placeholder should remain.
   const html =
     '<p>Caption text.</p><a href="https://cdn.example.com/big.jpg"><img src="https://cdn.example.com/thumb.jpg"/></a><p>After.</p>';
-  const { markdown, imagePlaceholders } = substackHtmlToContentMarkdown(html);
+  const { markdown, imageSourceUrls } = substackHtmlToContentMarkdown(html, POST_URL);
   assert.ok(markdown.includes("[IMAGE:0]"), "placeholder should be present");
   assert.ok(
     !markdown.includes("](https://cdn.example.com/big.jpg)"),
@@ -152,12 +151,7 @@ test("strips anchor wrapper when link contains only an image", () => {
     !markdown.includes("[ [IMAGE:0] ]"),
     "placeholder should not be wrapped in link syntax",
   );
-  assert.equal(imagePlaceholders.length, 1);
-  assert.deepEqual(imagePlaceholders[0], {
-    index: 0,
-    matchBy: "SOURCE_URL",
-    sourceUrl: "https://cdn.example.com/thumb.jpg",
-  });
+  assert.deepEqual(imageSourceUrls, ["https://cdn.example.com/thumb.jpg"]);
 });
 
 test("strips anchor wrapper for image-in-div structure (Substack CDN pattern)", () => {
@@ -170,7 +164,7 @@ test("strips anchor wrapper for image-in-div structure (Substack CDN pattern)",
     </a>
     <p>As you can see above.</p>
   `;
-  const { markdown } = substackHtmlToContentMarkdown(html);
+  const { markdown } = substackHtmlToContentMarkdown(html, POST_URL);
   assert.ok(markdown.includes("[IMAGE:0]"));
   assert.ok(!markdown.includes("](https://substackcdn.com/big.png)"));
   // No stray newlines inside the placeholder from the inner div
@@ -185,7 +179,7 @@ test("strips anchor wrapper for image-in-div structure (Substack CDN pattern)",
 test("preserves anchor when link contains text alongside an image", () => {
   // An anchor with both text and an image should keep the link markup.
   const html = '<p><a href="https://example.com">See chart <img src="chart.png"/></a></p>';
-  const { markdown } = lesswrongHtmlToContentMarkdown(html);
+  const { markdown } = lesswrongHtmlToContentMarkdown(html, POST_URL);
   assert.ok(
     markdown.includes("[See chart  [IMAGE:0]  ](https://example.com)") ||
       markdown.includes("https://example.com"),
@@ -197,7 +191,7 @@ test("preserves anchor when link contains text alongside an image", () => {
 
 test("decodes HTML entities", () => {
   const html = "<p>Tea&nbsp;&amp;&nbsp;Biscuits</p>";
-  const md = lesswrongHtmlToContentMarkdown(html).markdown;
+  const md = lesswrongHtmlToContentMarkdown(html, POST_URL).markdown;
   assert.ok(md.includes("Tea"));
   assert.ok(md.includes("&"));
   assert.ok(md.includes("Biscuits"));
@@ -214,7 +208,7 @@ test("bullet list items are separate lines, not run-on text", () => {
       <li>issuing an executive order</li>
     </ul>
   `;
-  const md = substackHtmlToContentMarkdown(html).markdown;
+  const md = substackHtmlToContentMarkdown(html, POST_URL).markdown;
   assert.ok(md.includes("-   canceling the contract"));
   assert.ok(md.includes("-   using the Defense Production Act"));
   assert.ok(md.includes("-   issuing an executive order"));
@@ -241,7 +235,7 @@ test("wikipediaHtmlToContentMarkdown excludes all WIKIPEDIA_EXCLUDED_SECTION_TIT
       </div>
     `;
     assert.ok(
-      !wikipediaHtmlToContentMarkdown(html).markdown.includes("Excluded section text."),
+      !wikipediaHtmlToContentMarkdown(html, POST_URL).markdown.includes("Excluded section text."),
       `"${title}" section should be excluded (legacy heading format)`,
     );
   }
@@ -261,7 +255,7 @@ test("wikipediaHtmlToContentMarkdown excludes all WIKIPEDIA_EXCLUDED_SECTION_TIT
       </div>
     `;
     assert.ok(
-      !wikipediaHtmlToContentMarkdown(html).markdown.includes("Excluded section text."),
+      !wikipediaHtmlToContentMarkdown(html, POST_URL).markdown.includes("Excluded section text."),
       `"${title}" section should be excluded (Parsoid heading format)`,
     );
   }
@@ -273,7 +267,7 @@ test("wikipedia markdown excludes citation superscripts", () => {
       <p>A fact.<sup class="reference">[1]</sup></p>
     </div>
   `;
-  const md = wikipediaHtmlToContentMarkdown(html).markdown;
+  const md = wikipediaHtmlToContentMarkdown(html, POST_URL).markdown;
   assert.ok(md.includes("A fact."));
   assert.ok(!md.includes("[1]"));
 });
@@ -292,7 +286,7 @@ test("lesswrongHtmlToContentMarkdown handles complex post structure", () => {
     </ul>
     <blockquote><p>A quote from someone.</p></blockquote>
   `;
-  const md = lesswrongHtmlToContentMarkdown(html).markdown;
+  const md = lesswrongHtmlToContentMarkdown(html, POST_URL).markdown;
   assert.ok(md.includes("# Post Title"));
   assert.ok(md.includes("bold") && !md.includes("**bold**"));
   assert.ok(md.includes("italic") && !md.includes("*italic*"));
@@ -304,7 +298,7 @@ test("lesswrongHtmlToContentMarkdown handles complex post structure", () => {
 
 test("substackHtmlToContentMarkdown renders same as lesswrong for shared elements", () => {
   const html = "<h2>Title</h2><p>Paragraph one.</p><p>Paragraph two.</p>";
-  const md = substackHtmlToContentMarkdown(html).markdown;
+  const md = substackHtmlToContentMarkdown(html, POST_URL).markdown;
   assert.ok(md.includes("## Title"));
   assert.ok(md.includes("Paragraph one."));
   assert.ok(md.includes("Paragraph two."));
@@ -316,7 +310,7 @@ test("substackHtmlToContentMarkdown renders same as lesswrong for shared element
 // indices skip values, repeat, or don't match the array entries, images are
 // silently lost or mismatched in the prompt.
 
-test("multiple images produce sequential 0-based [IMAGE:N] placeholders with matching array entries", () => {
+test("multiple images produce sequential 0-based [IMAGE:N] placeholders with matching source URLs", () => {
   const html = `
     <p>First paragraph.</p>
     <img src="https://cdn.example.com/photo1.jpg" alt="Photo 1"/>
@@ -326,69 +320,47 @@ test("multiple images produce sequential 0-based [IMAGE:N] placeholders with mat
     <img src="https://cdn.example.com/diagram3.svg" alt="Diagram 3"/>
     <p>Final paragraph.</p>
   `;
-  const { markdown, imagePlaceholders } = lesswrongHtmlToContentMarkdown(html);
+  const { markdown, imageSourceUrls } = lesswrongHtmlToContentMarkdown(html, POST_URL);
 
-  // Exactly 3 placeholders in the markdown
+  // Exactly 3 placeholders in the markdown, numbered 0, 1, 2 in document order
   const placeholderMatches = [...markdown.matchAll(/\[IMAGE:(\d+)\]/g)];
-  assert.equal(placeholderMatches.length, 3);
-
-  // Indices must be sequential: 0, 1, 2
-  assert.equal(placeholderMatches[0]?.[1], "0");
-  assert.equal(placeholderMatches[1]?.[1], "1");
-  assert.equal(placeholderMatches[2]?.[1], "2");
+  assert.deepEqual(
+    placeholderMatches.map((match) => match[1]),
+    ["0", "1", "2"],
+  );
 
-  // imagePlaceholders array must have matching entries
-  assert.equal(imagePlaceholders.length, 3);
+  // imageSourceUrls[N] is the source of [IMAGE:N]
+  assert.deepEqual(imageSourceUrls, [
+    "https://cdn.example.com/photo1.jpg",
+    "https://cdn.example.com/chart2.png",
+    "https://cdn.example.com/diagram3.svg",
+  ]);
 
-  const [ph0, ph1, ph2] = imagePlaceholders as [
-    (typeof imagePlaceholders)[0],
-    (typeof imagePlaceholders)[0],
-    (typeof imagePlaceholders)[0],
-  ];
-  assert.deepEqual(ph0, {
-    index: 0,
-    matchBy: "SOURCE_URL",
-    sourceUrl: "https://cdn.example.com/photo1.jpg",
-  });
-  assert.deepEqual(ph1, {
-    index: 1,
-    matchBy: "SOURCE_URL",
-    sourceUrl: "https://cdn.example.com/chart2.png",
-  });
-  assert.deepEqual(ph2, {
-    index: 2,
-    matchBy: "SOURCE_URL",
-    sourceUrl: "https://cdn.example.com/diagram3.svg",
-  });
-
-  // Placeholders must appear in document order between surrounding text
-  const idx0 = markdown.indexOf("[IMAGE:0]");
-  const idx1 = markdown.indexOf("[IMAGE:1]");
-  const idx2 = markdown.indexOf("[IMAGE:2]");
-  assert.ok(idx0 < idx1);
-  assert.ok(idx1 < idx2);
-  assert.ok(markdown.indexOf("First paragraph.") < idx0);
-  assert.ok(idx2 < markdown.indexOf("Final paragraph."));
+  assert.ok(markdown.indexOf("First paragraph.") < markdown.indexOf("[IMAGE:0]"));
+  assert.ok(markdown.indexOf("[IMAGE:2]") < markdown.indexOf("Final paragraph."));
 });
 
-test("imagePlaceholders index equals array position for all images", () => {
-  // When buildInitialInput does `imagePlaceholders.find(p => p.index === N)`,
-  // it relies on each placeholder's .index matching the [IMAGE:N] in the
-  // markdown. This test verifies the identity: placeholder[i].index === i.
+test("image sources resolve against the post URL; unfetchable sources get no placeholder", () => {
+  // Wikipedia HTML uses protocol-relative URLs; image occurrences reported by
+  // the extension are absolute, so placeholders must be absolute to match.
   const html = `
-    <div>
-      <img src="a.png"/>
-      <img src="b.png"/>
-      <img src="c.png"/>
-      <img src="d.png"/>
-      <img src="e.png"/>
-    </div>
+    <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/a.png"/>
+    <img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACw="/>
+    <img src=""/>
+    <img src="/static/b.png"/>
   `;
-  const { imagePlaceholders } = lesswrongHtmlToContentMarkdown(html);
-  assert.equal(imagePlaceholders.length, 5);
-  for (let i = 0; i < imagePlaceholders.length; i++) {
-    assert.equal(imagePlaceholders[i]?.index, i, `imagePlaceholders[${i}].index must equal ${i}`);
-  }
+  const { markdown, imageSourceUrls } = wikipediaHtmlToContentMarkdown(
+    html,
+    "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Example",
+  );
+  assert.deepEqual(imageSourceUrls, [
+    "https://upload.wikimedia.org/a.png",
+    "https://en.wikipedia.org/static/b.png",
+  ]);
+  assert.deepEqual(
+    [...markdown.matchAll(/\[IMAGE:(\d+)\]/g)].map((match) => match[1]),
+    ["0", "1"],
+  );
 });
 
 // ── Markdown prose ⊆ normalized text invariant ─────────────────────────
@@ -440,7 +412,7 @@ function assertMarkdownProseSubsetOfNormalizedText(
 
   const wrapHtml = platform === "wikipedia" ? `<div class="mw-parser-output">${html}</div>` : html;
 
-  const { markdown } = toMarkdown(wrapHtml);
+  const { markdown } = toMarkdown(wrapHtml, POST_URL);
   const normalizedText = toNormalized(wrapHtml);
   const proseWords = extractProseWords(markdown);
 
@@ -512,7 +484,7 @@ for (const { name, html } of PROSE_SUBSET_HTML_CASES) {
 // holds through the substackHtmlToContentMarkdown entry point too.
 for (const { name, html } of PROSE_SUBSET_HTML_CASES) {
   test(`markdown prose ⊆ normalized text: ${name} (substack)`, () => {
-    const { markdown } = substackHtmlToContentMarkdown(html);
+    const { markdown } = substackHtmlToContentMarkdown(html, POST_URL);
     const normalizedText = lesswrongHtmlToNormalizedText(html);
     const proseWords = extractProseWords(markdown);
 
@@ -552,9 +524,7 @@ describe("inline emphasis/code tags never produce markdown syntax", () => {
         wikipediaHtmlToContentMarkdown,
         substackHtmlToContentMarkdown,
       ]) {
-        const { markdown } = toMarkdown(
-          tag === "code" ? html : html, // same HTML for all
-        );
+        const { markdown } = toMarkdown(html, POST_URL);
         assert.ok(
           markdown.includes("wrapped content"),
           `<${tag}> content should appear in markdown`,
diff --git a/src/typescript/api/test/unit/investigation-input.test.ts b/src/typescript/api/test/unit/investigation-input.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6e7980f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/typescript/api/test/unit/investigation-input.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,204 @@
+import assert from "node:assert/strict";
+import { test } from "node:test";
+import type { Platform } from "@openerrata/shared";
+import type { DbClient } from "../../src/lib/db/client.js";
+import {
+  buildInvestigationInputSnapshot,
+  investigationInputRow,
+  isLikelyVideoUrl,
+} from "../../src/lib/services/investigation-input.js";
+
+/**
+ * Invariants under test: the InvestigationInput snapshot captures, at queue
+ * time, everything about the post that the prompt uses and that can change
+ * later — markdown (with the source URL behind each image placeholder), post
+ * URL, author and publication time — and labels the markdown's trust tier.
+ */
+
+interface FakePostVersion {
+  serverVerifiedAt: Date | null;
+  contentBlob: { contentHash: string };
+  post: { platform: Platform; url: string; author: { displayName: string } | null };
+  lesswrongVersionMeta: null | {
+    publishedAt: Date | null;
+    serverHtmlBlob: { htmlContent: string } | null;
+    clientHtmlBlob: { htmlContent: string } | null;
+  };
+  xVersionMeta: null | { postedAt: Date | null; mediaUrls: string[] };
+  substackVersionMeta: null | {
+    publishedAt: Date | null;
+    clientHtmlBlob: { htmlContent: string } | null;
+  };
+  wikipediaVersionMeta: null | {
+    lastModifiedAt: Date | null;
+    serverHtmlBlob: { htmlContent: string } | null;
+    clientHtmlBlob: { htmlContent: string } | null;
+  };
+}
+
+function fakeDb(postVersion: FakePostVersion): DbClient {
+  return {
+    postVersion: { findUnique: async () => postVersion },
+  } as unknown as DbClient;
+}
+
+function basePostVersion(platform: Platform, url: string): FakePostVersion {
+  return {
+    serverVerifiedAt: null,
+    contentBlob: { contentHash: "content-hash" },
+    post: { platform, url, author: null },
+    lesswrongVersionMeta: null,
+    xVersionMeta: null,
+    substackVersionMeta: null,
+    wikipediaVersionMeta: null,
+  };
+}
+
+test("LessWrong server-verified snapshot renders server HTML and resolves image sources", async () => {
+  const publishedAt = new Date("2026-01-02T03:04:05.000Z");
+  const snapshot = await buildInvestigationInputSnapshot(
+    fakeDb({
+      ...basePostVersion("LESSWRONG", "https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/abc/title"),
+      serverVerifiedAt: new Date("2026-01-03T00:00:00.000Z"),
+      post: {
+        platform: "LESSWRONG",
+        url: "https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/abc/title",
+        author: { displayName: "Author Name" },
+      },
+      lesswrongVersionMeta: {
+        publishedAt,
+        serverHtmlBlob: { htmlContent: '<p>Server text.</p><img src="/img/a.png"/>' },
+        clientHtmlBlob: { htmlContent: "<p>Client text.</p>" },
+      },
+    }),
+    "pv-1",
+  );
+
+  assert.equal(snapshot.provenance, "SERVER_VERIFIED");
+  assert.equal(snapshot.markdown.source, "SERVER_HTML");
+  assert.ok(snapshot.markdown.markdown.includes("Server text."));
+  assert.ok(snapshot.markdown.markdown.includes("[IMAGE:0]"));
+  assert.deepEqual(snapshot.markdown.imageSourceUrls, ["https://www.lesswrong.com/img/a.png"]);
+  assert.equal(snapshot.postUrl, "https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/abc/title");
+  assert.equal(snapshot.authorName, "Author Name");
+  assert.deepEqual(snapshot.postPublishedAt, publishedAt);
+  assert.equal(snapshot.hasVideo, false);
+});
+
+test("X snapshot has no markdown and flags video media", async () => {
+  const postedAt = new Date("2026-02-01T00:00:00.000Z");
+  const snapshot = await buildInvestigationInputSnapshot(
+    fakeDb({
+      ...basePostVersion("X", "https://x.com/someone/status/1"),
+      xVersionMeta: {
+        postedAt,
+        mediaUrls: ["https://video.twimg.com/clip.mp4?tag=12"],
+      },
+    }),
+    "pv-x",
+  );
+
+  assert.equal(snapshot.provenance, "CLIENT_FALLBACK");
+  assert.deepEqual(snapshot.markdown, { source: "NONE" });
+  assert.equal(snapshot.hasVideo, true);
+  assert.deepEqual(snapshot.postPublishedAt, postedAt);
+  assert.equal(snapshot.authorName, null);
+});
+
+test("Substack and Wikipedia snapshots use client HTML and their own timestamps", async () => {
+  const substackPublishedAt = new Date("2026-03-01T00:00:00.000Z");
+  const substack = await buildInvestigationInputSnapshot(
+    fakeDb({
+      ...basePostVersion("SUBSTACK", "https://example.substack.com/p/post"),
+      substackVersionMeta: {
+        publishedAt: substackPublishedAt,
+        clientHtmlBlob: { htmlContent: "<p>Substack body.</p>" },
+      },
+    }),
+    "pv-s",
+  );
+  assert.equal(substack.markdown.source, "CLIENT_HTML");
+  assert.deepEqual(substack.postPublishedAt, substackPublishedAt);
+
+  const lastModifiedAt = new Date("2026-04-01T00:00:00.000Z");
+  const wikipedia = await buildInvestigationInputSnapshot(
+    fakeDb({
+      ...basePostVersion("WIKIPEDIA", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Example"),
+      wikipediaVersionMeta: {
+        lastModifiedAt,
+        serverHtmlBlob: null,
+        clientHtmlBlob: { htmlContent: "<p>Wiki body.</p>" },
+      },
+    }),
+    "pv-w",
+  );
+  assert.equal(wikipedia.markdown.source, "CLIENT_HTML");
+  assert.deepEqual(wikipedia.postPublishedAt, lastModifiedAt);
+});
+
+test("snapshot refuses a server-verified version without server HTML", async () => {
+  await assert.rejects(
+    buildInvestigationInputSnapshot(
+      fakeDb({
+        ...basePostVersion("WIKIPEDIA", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Example"),
+        serverVerifiedAt: new Date(),
+        wikipediaVersionMeta: {
+          lastModifiedAt: null,
+          serverHtmlBlob: null,
+          clientHtmlBlob: { htmlContent: "<p>Wiki body.</p>" },
+        },
+      }),
+      "pv-bad",
+    ),
+    /serverVerifiedAt is set but serverHtml is missing/,
+  );
+});
+
+test("investigationInputRow stores placeholders only alongside markdown", () => {
+  const common = {
+    provenance: "CLIENT_FALLBACK" as const,
+    contentHash: "hash",
+    postUrl: "https://x.com/a/status/1",
+    authorName: null,
+    postPublishedAt: null,
+    hasVideo: false,
+  };
+  const noMarkdown = investigationInputRow("inv-1", { ...common, markdown: { source: "NONE" } });
+  assert.equal(noMarkdown.markdownSource, "NONE");
+  assert.deepEqual(noMarkdown.imagePlaceholderSourceUrls, []);
+  assert.equal(noMarkdown.markdown, undefined);
+
+  const withMarkdown = investigationInputRow("inv-2", {
+    ...common,
+    markdown: {
+      source: "CLIENT_HTML",
+      markdown: "Body [IMAGE:0]",
+      rendererVersion: "1.3.0",
+      imageSourceUrls: ["https://example.com/a.png"],
+    },
+  });
+  assert.equal(withMarkdown.markdown, "Body [IMAGE:0]");
+  assert.deepEqual(withMarkdown.imagePlaceholderSourceUrls, ["https://example.com/a.png"]);
+});
+
+test("isLikelyVideoUrl judges by path extension, case-insensitively, ignoring the query", () => {
+  for (const url of [
+    "https://example.com/video.mp4",
+    "https://example.com/video.webm",
+    "https://example.com/stream.m3u8",
+    "https://example.com/clip.mov",
+    "https://example.com/clip.m4v",
+    "https://example.com/Video.MP4",
+    "https://example.com/video.mp4?token=abc",
+  ]) {
+    assert.equal(isLikelyVideoUrl(url), true, url);
+  }
+  for (const url of [
+    "https://example.com/image.png",
+    "https://example.com/page",
+    "https://example.com/page?file=video.mp4",
+    "not a url.mp4",
+  ]) {
+    assert.equal(isLikelyVideoUrl(url), false, url);
+  }
+});
diff --git a/src/typescript/api/test/unit/investigation-lease.test.ts b/src/typescript/api/test/unit/investigation-lease.test.ts
index f3f63aa..b7a1512 100644
--- a/src/typescript/api/test/unit/investigation-lease.test.ts
+++ b/src/typescript/api/test/unit/investigation-lease.test.ts
@@ -1,83 +1,25 @@
 import assert from "node:assert/strict";
 import { test } from "node:test";
 import {
-  BASE_BACKOFF_MS,
   MAX_INVESTIGATION_ATTEMPTS,
+  retryBackoffMs,
 } from "../../src/lib/services/investigation-lease.js";
 
 /**
- * Invariants under test:
- *
- * The retry backoff schedule determines how quickly a transiently-failed
- * investigation is re-attempted. Two properties must hold:
- *
- * 1. **Every backoff delay is strictly positive.** A zero or negative delay
- *    would cause immediate re-enqueue, defeating the backoff entirely and
- *    hammering the provider API on every failure.
- *
- * 2. **Delays are strictly increasing.** Each retry should wait longer than
- *    the last. A flat or decreasing schedule means later failures don't back
- *    off further, which doesn't reduce load during sustained provider issues.
- *
- * 3. **The maximum delay is bounded at a reasonable ceiling.** Too long and
- *    investigations are stuck for minutes; too short and the backoff provides
- *    no relief. We enforce < 120s as a sanity ceiling.
- *
- * These tests pin the concrete schedule (10s, 20s, 40s for attempts 1–3) so
- * any change to the backoff formula or constants is a deliberate, visible
- * choice rather than an accidental breakage.
+ * The retry backoff schedule (SPEC §3.7: 10s × 2^(attempt − 1)) determines how
+ * quickly a transiently failed investigation is re-attempted. Pinning the
+ * concrete values makes any change to the schedule or the attempt cap a
+ * deliberate, visible choice.
  */
 
-test("investigation retry backoff schedule: positive, strictly increasing, bounded", () => {
-  const retryAttempts = MAX_INVESTIGATION_ATTEMPTS - 1; // attempts that actually retry
-
-  let prevBackoffMs = 0;
-  for (let attempt = 1; attempt <= retryAttempts; attempt++) {
-    const backoffMs = BASE_BACKOFF_MS * Math.pow(2, attempt - 1);
-
-    assert.ok(
-      backoffMs > 0,
-      `attempt ${attempt.toString()} backoff must be positive (got ${backoffMs.toString()}ms)`,
-    );
-    assert.ok(
-      backoffMs > prevBackoffMs,
-      `attempt ${attempt.toString()} backoff (${backoffMs.toString()}ms) must exceed attempt ${(attempt - 1).toString()} (${prevBackoffMs.toString()}ms)`,
-    );
-    assert.ok(
-      backoffMs < 120_000,
-      `attempt ${attempt.toString()} backoff must be < 120s (got ${backoffMs.toString()}ms)`,
-    );
-
-    prevBackoffMs = backoffMs;
-  }
-});
-
-test("investigation retry backoff schedule: concrete values match spec §3.7", () => {
-  // Spec §3.7: exponential backoff 10s × 2^(attempt-1)
-  // attempt 1 → 10s, attempt 2 → 20s, attempt 3 → 40s
-  const expected = [10_000, 20_000, 40_000];
-  const retryAttempts = MAX_INVESTIGATION_ATTEMPTS - 1;
-
-  assert.equal(
-    retryAttempts,
-    expected.length,
-    "Expected retry attempt count does not match expected backoff table length",
+test("retryBackoffMs follows 10s × 2^(attempt − 1) for every retried attempt", () => {
+  const retriedAttempts = Array.from(
+    { length: MAX_INVESTIGATION_ATTEMPTS - 1 },
+    (_, index) => index + 1,
   );
-
-  for (let i = 0; i < retryAttempts; i++) {
-    const attempt = i + 1;
-    const backoffMs = BASE_BACKOFF_MS * Math.pow(2, attempt - 1);
-    assert.equal(
-      backoffMs,
-      expected[i],
-      `attempt ${attempt.toString()} backoff should be ${(expected[i] ?? 0).toString()}ms`,
-    );
-  }
+  assert.deepEqual(retriedAttempts.map(retryBackoffMs), [10_000, 20_000, 40_000]);
 });
 
 test("MAX_INVESTIGATION_ATTEMPTS is 4 (1 initial attempt + 3 retries)", () => {
-  // Pins the concrete value so any intentional change to the attempt cap is
-  // a deliberate, visible choice that breaks this test, triggering a review
-  // of the backoff table in the test above.
   assert.equal(MAX_INVESTIGATION_ATTEMPTS, 4);
 });
diff --git a/src/typescript/api/test/unit/investigation-lifecycle.test.ts b/src/typescript/api/test/unit/investigation-lifecycle.test.ts
deleted file mode 100644
index a7cabfc..0000000
--- a/src/typescript/api/test/unit/investigation-lifecycle.test.ts
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,98 +0,0 @@
-import assert from "node:assert/strict";
-import { test } from "node:test";
-import { WORD_COUNT_LIMIT } from "@openerrata/shared";
-import {
-  wordCount,
-  InvestigationWordLimitError,
-} from "../../src/lib/services/investigation-lifecycle.js";
-
-/**
- * Invariants under test:
- *
- * 1. **wordCount is the gatekeeper for the word limit**: The lifecycle rejects
- *    posts where wordCount(text) > WORD_COUNT_LIMIT. These tests verify the
- *    counting algorithm handles edge cases (mixed whitespace, non-breaking
- *    spaces, Unicode) and that the boundary condition is correct (exactly
- *    WORD_COUNT_LIMIT words passes, WORD_COUNT_LIMIT + 1 fails).
- *
- * 2. **InvestigationWordLimitError carries metadata for the API response**:
- *    The observedWordCount and limit fields are what the caller returns to
- *    the extension to explain the rejection.
- */
-
-// ── wordCount ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
-
-test("wordCount counts words separated by single spaces", () => {
-  assert.equal(wordCount("hello world"), 2);
-});
-
-test("wordCount counts words across mixed whitespace", () => {
-  assert.equal(wordCount("hello   world\t\tfoo\nbar"), 4);
-});
-
-test("wordCount returns 0 for empty string", () => {
-  assert.equal(wordCount(""), 0);
-});
-
-test("wordCount returns 0 for whitespace-only string", () => {
-  assert.equal(wordCount("   \t\n  "), 0);
-});
-
-test("wordCount counts hyphenated and contracted words as single tokens", () => {
-  assert.equal(wordCount("mother-in-law it's don't"), 3);
-});
-
-test("wordCount counts punctuation-adjacent text as single tokens", () => {
-  assert.equal(wordCount("Hello, world!"), 2);
-});
-
-test("wordCount handles non-breaking space as a word separator", () => {
-  // \u00A0 is a non-breaking space; \s+ matches it in JavaScript
-  assert.equal(wordCount("hello\u00A0world"), 2);
-});
-
-test("wordCount handles single word", () => {
-  assert.equal(wordCount("hello"), 1);
-});
-
-// ── wordCount + WORD_COUNT_LIMIT boundary ────────────────────────────────────
-
-test("wordCount of exactly WORD_COUNT_LIMIT words is at the boundary", () => {
-  const text = Array.from({ length: WORD_COUNT_LIMIT }, (_, i) => `word${i.toString()}`).join(" ");
-  assert.equal(wordCount(text), WORD_COUNT_LIMIT);
-});
-
-test("wordCount boundary: WORD_COUNT_LIMIT + 1 exceeds the limit", () => {
-  const count = WORD_COUNT_LIMIT + 1;
-  const text = Array.from({ length: count }, (_, i) => `word${i.toString()}`).join(" ");
-  assert.equal(wordCount(text), count);
-  assert.ok(wordCount(text) > WORD_COUNT_LIMIT);
-});
-
-// ── InvestigationWordLimitError ──────────────────────────────────────────────
-
-test("InvestigationWordLimitError stores observedWordCount and limit", () => {
-  const error = new InvestigationWordLimitError(15234, 10000);
-  assert.equal(error.observedWordCount, 15234);
-  assert.equal(error.limit, 10000);
-  assert.match(error.message, /10000/);
-});
-
-// ── wordCount edge cases ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────
-
-test("wordCount treats Unicode text as individual words", () => {
-  assert.equal(wordCount("你好 世界"), 2);
-});
-
-test("wordCount counts emoji as words when space-separated", () => {
-  assert.equal(wordCount("🎉 🎊 🎈"), 3);
-});
-
-test("wordCount handles very long words correctly", () => {
-  const longWord = "a".repeat(10_000);
-  assert.equal(wordCount(longWord), 1);
-});
-
-test("wordCount handles newline-only text", () => {
-  assert.equal(wordCount("\n\n\n"), 0);
-});
diff --git a/src/typescript/api/test/unit/ip-prefix.test.ts b/src/typescript/api/test/unit/ip-prefix.test.ts
index c6020c0..d935bc5 100644
--- a/src/typescript/api/test/unit/ip-prefix.test.ts
+++ b/src/typescript/api/test/unit/ip-prefix.test.ts
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ test("deriveIpRangePrefix normalizes IPv4 addresses to /24 prefixes", () => {
   assert.equal(deriveIpRangePrefix(" 198.51.100.7 "), "198.51.100");
 });
 
-test("deriveIpRangePrefix returns normalized IPv6 prefixes", () => {
+test("deriveIpRangePrefix returns normalized IPv6 /48 prefixes", () => {
   assert.equal(deriveIpRangePrefix("2001:0db8::1"), "2001:db8:0");
   assert.equal(deriveIpRangePrefix("fe80::1%eth0"), "fe80:0:0");
 });
@@ -16,13 +16,10 @@ test("deriveIpRangePrefix collapses IPv4-mapped IPv6 to IPv4 /24 prefixes", () =
   assert.equal(deriveIpRangePrefix("::ffff:192.168.1.77"), "192.168.1");
 });
 
-test("deriveIpRangePrefix returns invalid marker for malformed input", () => {
-  assert.equal(deriveIpRangePrefix("999.1.1.1"), "invalid:999.1.1.1");
-  assert.equal(deriveIpRangePrefix("2001::db8::1"), "invalid:2001::db8::1");
-  assert.equal(deriveIpRangePrefix("NotAnIp"), "invalid:notanip");
-});
-
-test("deriveIpRangePrefix returns unknown for empty client addresses", () => {
-  assert.equal(deriveIpRangePrefix(""), "unknown");
-  assert.equal(deriveIpRangePrefix("   "), "unknown");
+test("deriveIpRangePrefix rejects anything that is not an IP address", () => {
+  // A non-IP client address means the proxy header configuration is broken;
+  // bucketing such clients together would silently merge their view credits.
+  for (const value of ["999.1.1.1", "2001::db8::1", "NotAnIp", "", "   ", "10.1"]) {
+    assert.throws(() => deriveIpRangePrefix(value), /not an IP address/, JSON.stringify(value));
+  }
 });
diff --git a/src/typescript/api/test/unit/markdown-resolution-placeholders.test.ts b/src/typescript/api/test/unit/markdown-resolution-placeholders.test.ts
deleted file mode 100644
index 85fa2b3..0000000
--- a/src/typescript/api/test/unit/markdown-resolution-placeholders.test.ts
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,65 +0,0 @@
-import assert from "node:assert/strict";
-import { test } from "node:test";
-import { extractImagePlaceholdersFromMarkdown } from "../../src/lib/services/markdown-resolution.js";
-
-test("extractImagePlaceholdersFromMarkdown extracts placeholders in document order", () => {
-  const md = "Text [IMAGE:0] more text [IMAGE:1] end [IMAGE:2]";
-  const result = extractImagePlaceholdersFromMarkdown(md);
-
-  assert.equal(result.length, 3);
-  assert.equal(result[0]?.index, 0);
-  assert.equal(result[1]?.index, 1);
-  assert.equal(result[2]?.index, 2);
-});
-
-test("extractImagePlaceholdersFromMarkdown preserves out-of-order indices", () => {
-  const md = "[IMAGE:5] first [IMAGE:2] second [IMAGE:10]";
-  const result = extractImagePlaceholdersFromMarkdown(md);
-
-  assert.equal(result.length, 3);
-  assert.equal(result[0]?.index, 5);
-  assert.equal(result[1]?.index, 2);
-  assert.equal(result[2]?.index, 10);
-});
-
-test("extractImagePlaceholdersFromMarkdown returns empty for no placeholders", () => {
-  assert.deepEqual(extractImagePlaceholdersFromMarkdown("Just plain text with no images"), []);
-});
-
-test("extractImagePlaceholdersFromMarkdown returns empty for empty string", () => {
-  assert.deepEqual(extractImagePlaceholdersFromMarkdown(""), []);
-});
-
-test("extractImagePlaceholdersFromMarkdown ignores malformed placeholders", () => {
-  // [IMAGE:abc] has non-digit content and should not match \d+
-  const md = "[IMAGE:0] [IMAGE:abc] [IMAGE:] [IMAGE:99]";
-  const result = extractImagePlaceholdersFromMarkdown(md);
-
-  assert.equal(result.length, 2);
-  assert.equal(result[0]?.index, 0);
-  assert.equal(result[1]?.index, 99);
-});
-
-test("extractImagePlaceholdersFromMarkdown handles duplicate indices", () => {
-  const md = "[IMAGE:0] duplicate [IMAGE:0] here";
-  const result = extractImagePlaceholdersFromMarkdown(md);
-
-  assert.equal(result.length, 2);
-  assert.equal(result[0]?.index, 0);
-  assert.equal(result[1]?.index, 0);
-});
-
-test("extractImagePlaceholdersFromMarkdown marks placeholders for index matching", () => {
-  // sourceUrl is not recoverable from markdown; retries match by original index.
-  const result = extractImagePlaceholdersFromMarkdown("[IMAGE:3]");
-  assert.equal(result.length, 1);
-  assert.equal(result[0]?.matchBy, "ORIGINAL_INDEX");
-});
-
-test("extractImagePlaceholdersFromMarkdown ignores bracket patterns that are not image placeholders", () => {
-  const md = "See [link](url) and [IMAGE:0] and [not-an-image:1]";
-  const result = extractImagePlaceholdersFromMarkdown(md);
-
-  assert.equal(result.length, 1);
-  assert.equal(result[0]?.index, 0);
-});
diff --git a/src/typescript/api/test/unit/markdown-resolution.test.ts b/src/typescript/api/test/unit/markdown-resolution.test.ts
index 0a51f39..919e5d0 100644
--- a/src/typescript/api/test/unit/markdown-resolution.test.ts
+++ b/src/typescript/api/test/unit/markdown-resolution.test.ts
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import { MARKDOWN_RENDERER_VERSION } from "../../src/lib/services/html-to-markdo
 import { resolveMarkdownForInvestigation } from "../../src/lib/services/markdown-resolution.js";
 
 const HTML_PLATFORMS: Platform[] = ["LESSWRONG", "SUBSTACK", "WIKIPEDIA"];
+const POST_URL = "https://example.com/posts/1";
 
 function sampleHtml(platform: Platform): string {
   return `<h1>${platform} title</h1><p>Body with an <img src="https://example.com/image.png" /></p>`;
@@ -17,6 +18,7 @@ test("resolveMarkdownForInvestigation trust source is monotonic with serverVerif
     const clientFallback = resolveMarkdownForInvestigation({
       platform,
       snapshots: { serverVerifiedAt: null, serverHtml: null, clientHtml: html },
+      postUrl: POST_URL,
     });
     assert.equal(clientFallback.source, "CLIENT_HTML");
 
@@ -27,13 +29,15 @@ test("resolveMarkdownForInvestigation trust source is monotonic with serverVerif
         serverHtml: html,
         clientHtml: html,
       },
+      postUrl: POST_URL,
     });
     assert.equal(serverVerified.source, "SERVER_HTML");
 
     // Trust label can change from CLIENT_HTML -> SERVER_HTML, but the rendered
     // markdown payload should stay stable for identical HTML input.
     assert.equal(serverVerified.markdown, clientFallback.markdown);
-    assert.deepEqual(serverVerified.imagePlaceholders, clientFallback.imagePlaceholders);
+    assert.deepEqual(serverVerified.imageSourceUrls, clientFallback.imageSourceUrls);
+    assert.deepEqual(serverVerified.imageSourceUrls, ["https://example.com/image.png"]);
     assert.equal(serverVerified.rendererVersion, MARKDOWN_RENDERER_VERSION);
     assert.equal(clientFallback.rendererVersion, MARKDOWN_RENDERER_VERSION);
   }
@@ -47,6 +51,7 @@ test("resolveMarkdownForInvestigation returns NONE for missing html regardless o
       resolveMarkdownForInvestigation({
         platform,
         snapshots: { serverVerifiedAt: null, serverHtml: null, clientHtml: null },
+        postUrl: POST_URL,
       }),
       { source: "NONE" },
     );
diff --git a/src/typescript/api/test/unit/openai-attempt-audit-builder.test.ts b/src/typescript/api/test/unit/openai-attempt-audit-builder.test.ts
deleted file mode 100644
index 68d77c7..0000000
--- a/src/typescript/api/test/unit/openai-attempt-audit-builder.test.ts
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,108 +0,0 @@
-import assert from "node:assert/strict";
-import { test } from "node:test";
-import {
-  buildFailedAttemptAudit,
-  buildFullAttemptResponseAudit,
-  buildSuccessfulAttemptAudit,
-  createStageOneAttemptAuditBase,
-  createStageTwoAttemptAuditBase,
-} from "../../src/lib/investigators/openai-attempt-audit-builder.js";
-import type { InvestigatorResponseAudit } from "../../src/lib/investigators/interface.js";
-
-function makeResponseAudit(input: {
-  responseId: string;
-  outputCount: number;
-}): InvestigatorResponseAudit {
-  return {
-    responseId: input.responseId,
-    responseStatus: "completed",
-    responseModelVersion: "test-model",
-    responseOutputText: null,
-    outputItems: Array.from({ length: input.outputCount }, (_, index) => ({
-      outputIndex: index,
-      providerItemId: `item-${index.toString()}`,
-      itemType: "message",
-      itemStatus: "completed",
-    })),
-    outputTextParts: [],
-    outputTextAnnotations: [],
-    reasoningSummaries: [],
-    toolCalls: [],
-    usage: null,
-  };
-}
-
-test("attempt audit builders construct stage-one and stage-two request metadata", () => {
-  const stageOne = createStageOneAttemptAuditBase({
-    startedAt: "2026-01-01T00:00:00.000Z",
-    openAiModelId: "test-model",
-    systemPrompt: "fact-check prompt",
-    userPrompt: "user prompt",
-    requestReasoning: {
-      effort: "medium",
-      summary: "detailed",
-    },
-    requestedTools: [{ type: "web_search_preview" }],
-  });
-
-  const stageTwo = createStageTwoAttemptAuditBase({
-    stageOneBase: stageOne,
-    userPrompt: "user prompt",
-    validationInputSummary: "Claim 0: approved",
-  });
-
-  assert.match(stageTwo.requestInstructions, /Stage 1/);
-  assert.match(stageTwo.requestInstructions, /Stage 2/);
-  assert.match(stageTwo.requestInput, /Claim 0: approved/);
-});
-
-test("buildFullAttemptResponseAudit offsets validation output indices", () => {
-  const factCheck = makeResponseAudit({ responseId: "resp-stage1", outputCount: 2 });
-  const validationA = makeResponseAudit({ responseId: "resp-val-a", outputCount: 1 });
-  const validationB = makeResponseAudit({ responseId: "resp-val-b", outputCount: 1 });
-
-  const merged = buildFullAttemptResponseAudit({
-    factCheckResponseAudit: factCheck,
-    successfulValidationResponseAudits: [validationA],
-    failedValidationResponseAudits: [validationB],
-  });
-
-  assert.equal(merged.outputItems.length, 4);
-  assert.deepEqual(
-    merged.outputItems.map((item) => item.outputIndex),
-    [0, 1, 2, 3],
-  );
-});
-
-test("buildFailedAttemptAudit and buildSuccessfulAttemptAudit set terminal fields", () => {
-  const base = createStageOneAttemptAuditBase({
-    startedAt: "2026-01-01T00:00:00.000Z",
-    openAiModelId: "test-model",
-    systemPrompt: "prompt",
-    userPrompt: "user",
-    requestReasoning: {
-      effort: "medium",
-      summary: "detailed",
-    },
-    requestedTools: [],
-  });
-
-  const response = makeResponseAudit({ responseId: "resp-stage1", outputCount: 1 });
-
-  const failed = buildFailedAttemptAudit({
-    base,
-    response,
-    error: new Error("boom"),
-    completedAt: "2026-01-01T00:00:01.000Z",
-  });
-  assert.notEqual(failed.error, null);
-  assert.equal(failed.completedAt, "2026-01-01T00:00:01.000Z");
-
-  const succeeded = buildSuccessfulAttemptAudit({
-    base,
-    response,
-    completedAt: "2026-01-01T00:00:02.000Z",
-  });
-  assert.equal(succeeded.error, null);
-  assert.equal(succeeded.completedAt, "2026-01-01T00:00:02.000Z");
-});
diff --git a/src/typescript/api/test/unit/openai-claim-tools.test.ts b/src/typescript/api/test/unit/openai-claim-tools.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6aa0663
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/typescript/api/test/unit/openai-claim-tools.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,140 @@
+import assert from "node:assert/strict";
+import { test } from "node:test";
+import type { FunctionTool } from "openai/resources/responses/responses";
+import { fetchUrlToolDefinition } from "../../src/lib/investigators/fetch-url-tool.js";
+import {
+  buildRetainCorrectionToolDefinition,
+  parseRetainCorrectionArguments,
+  parseSubmitCorrectionArguments,
+  submitCorrectionToolDefinition,
+} from "../../src/lib/investigators/openai-claim-tools.js";
+import { buildFactCheckTools } from "../../src/lib/investigators/openai-request-config.js";
+import { makeClaim } from "../helpers/fake-openai.js";
+
+// Keywords OpenAI strict mode accepts, per JSON Schema node type
+// (https://platform.openai.com/docs/guides/structured-outputs#supported-schemas).
+const STRICT_MODE_KEYWORDS: Record<string, ReadonlySet<string>> = {
+  object: new Set(["type", "description", "properties", "required", "additionalProperties"]),
+  array: new Set(["type", "description", "items", "minItems", "maxItems"]),
+  string: new Set(["type", "description", "enum", "pattern", "format"]),
+};
+const STRICT_MODE_STRING_FORMATS = new Set([
+  "date-time",
+  "time",
+  "date",
+  "duration",
+  "email",
+  "hostname",
+  "ipv4",
+  "ipv6",
+  "uuid",
+]);
+
+/** Throws describing the first strict-mode violation under `path`. */
+function assertStrictModeSchema(schema: Record<string, unknown>, path: string): void {
+  const type = schema["type"];
+  assert.equal(typeof type, "string", `${path}: every node needs a single type`);
+  const allowed = STRICT_MODE_KEYWORDS[String(type)];
+  assert.ok(allowed, `${path}: unsupported type ${String(type)}`);
+  for (const keyword of Object.keys(schema)) {
+    if (keyword === "$schema" && path === "parameters") continue;
+    assert.ok(allowed.has(keyword), `${path}: keyword "${keyword}" is not allowed in strict mode`);
+  }
+  if (type === "string" && schema["format"] !== undefined) {
+    assert.ok(STRICT_MODE_STRING_FORMATS.has(schema["format"] as string), `${path}: format`);
+  }
+  if (type === "object") {
+    const properties = schema["properties"] as Record<string, Record<string, unknown>>;
+    assert.equal(schema["additionalProperties"], false, `${path}: additionalProperties`);
+    assert.deepEqual(schema["required"], Object.keys(properties), `${path}: all fields required`);
+    for (const [name, property] of Object.entries(properties)) {
+      assertStrictModeSchema(property, `${path}.${name}`);
+    }
+  }
+  if (type === "array") {
+    assertStrictModeSchema(schema["items"] as Record<string, unknown>, `${path}[]`);
+  }
+}
+
+test("every function tool offered to the fact-check is valid under OpenAI strict mode", () => {
+  const functionTools = buildFactCheckTools(["claim-1", "claim-2"]).filter(
+    (tool): tool is FunctionTool => tool.type === "function",
+  );
+  assert.deepEqual(
+    functionTools.map((tool) => tool.name),
+    [fetchUrlToolDefinition.name, "submit_correction", "retain_correction"],
+  );
+  for (const tool of functionTools) {
+    assert.equal(tool.strict, true, tool.name);
+    assert.ok(tool.parameters);
+    assertStrictModeSchema(tool.parameters, "parameters");
+  }
+});
+
+test("submit_correction advertises the shared claim payload's shape", () => {
+  const parameters = submitCorrectionToolDefinition.parameters;
+  assert.ok(parameters);
+  assert.deepEqual(Object.keys(parameters["properties"] as object), [
+    "text",
+    "context",
+    "summary",
+    "reasoning",
+    "sources",
+  ]);
+  const sources = (parameters["properties"] as Record<string, Record<string, unknown>>)["sources"];
+  assert.ok(sources);
+  assert.equal(sources["minItems"], 1);
+  assert.deepEqual(
+    Object.keys((sources["items"] as Record<string, unknown>)["properties"] as object),
+    ["url", "title", "snippet"],
+  );
+});
+
+test("parseSubmitCorrectionArguments accepts a valid claim", () => {
+  const claim = makeClaim("Alpha");
+  assert.deepEqual(parseSubmitCorrectionArguments(JSON.stringify(claim)), {
+    kind: "valid",
+    value: claim,
+  });
+});
+
+test("parseSubmitCorrectionArguments rejects non-http(s) source URLs", () => {
+  for (const url of ["data:text/plain,hi", "ftp://example.com/file", "example.com/page"]) {
+    const claim = { ...makeClaim("Alpha"), sources: [{ url, title: "T", snippet: "S" }] };
+    assert.equal(parseSubmitCorrectionArguments(JSON.stringify(claim)).kind, "invalid", url);
+  }
+});
+
+test("parseSubmitCorrectionArguments rejects claims the shared schema rejects", () => {
+  const cases = [
+    { ...makeClaim("Alpha"), sources: [] },
+    { ...makeClaim("Alpha"), text: "" },
+    { ...makeClaim("Alpha"), extra: "field" },
+  ];
+  for (const claim of cases) {
+    assert.equal(parseSubmitCorrectionArguments(JSON.stringify(claim)).kind, "invalid");
+  }
+  assert.deepEqual(parseSubmitCorrectionArguments("{not json"), {
+    kind: "invalid",
+    error: "Arguments are not valid JSON",
+  });
+});
+
+test("retain_correction accepts exactly the retainable claim ids", () => {
+  const ids = ["claim-1", "claim-2"] as const;
+  const definition = buildRetainCorrectionToolDefinition(ids);
+  assert.deepEqual(
+    (definition.parameters?.["properties"] as Record<string, Record<string, unknown>>)["id"]?.[
+      "enum"
+    ],
+    ["claim-1", "claim-2"],
+  );
+  assert.deepEqual(parseRetainCorrectionArguments(JSON.stringify({ id: "claim-2" }), ids), {
+    kind: "valid",
+    value: "claim-2",
+  });
+  assert.equal(
+    parseRetainCorrectionArguments(JSON.stringify({ id: "claim-3" }), ids).kind,
+    "invalid",
+  );
+});
diff --git a/src/typescript/api/test/unit/openai-claim-validation-scheduler.test.ts b/src/typescript/api/test/unit/openai-claim-validation-scheduler.test.ts
index 910c48c..99a7144 100644
--- a/src/typescript/api/test/unit/openai-claim-validation-scheduler.test.ts
+++ b/src/typescript/api/test/unit/openai-claim-validation-scheduler.test.ts
@@ -6,7 +6,8 @@ import {
   createInvestigationRunState,
   getConfirmedClaims,
 } from "../../src/lib/investigators/openai-investigation-run-state.js";
-import type { PerClaimValidationResult } from "../../src/lib/investigators/openai-claim-validator.js";
+import type { ClaimValidationResult } from "../../src/lib/investigators/openai-claim-validator.js";
+import { makeValidationRequestAudit } from "../helpers/fake-openai.js";
 
 function makeClaim(label: string): InvestigationResult["claims"][number] {
   return {
@@ -24,23 +25,11 @@ function makeClaim(label: string): InvestigationResult["claims"][number] {
   };
 }
 
-function makeValidationResult(claimIndex: number, approved: boolean): PerClaimValidationResult {
+function makeValidationResult(claimIndex: number, approved: boolean): ClaimValidationResult {
   return {
+    kind: approved ? "approved" : "rejected",
     claimIndex,
-    approved,
-    responseAudit: {
-      responseId: `resp-${claimIndex.toString()}`,
-      responseStatus: "completed",
-      responseModelVersion: "test-model",
-      responseOutputText: JSON.stringify({ approved }),
-      outputItems: [],
-      outputTextParts: [],
-      outputTextAnnotations: [],
-      reasoningSummaries: [],
-      toolCalls: [],
-      usage: null,
-    },
-    error: null,
+    request: makeValidationRequestAudit(claimIndex),
   };
 }
 
@@ -48,13 +37,13 @@ test("claim validation scheduler preserves submission ordering in confirmed clai
   const claimA = makeClaim("alpha");
   const claimB = makeClaim("beta");
 
-  const resolvers: ((result: PerClaimValidationResult) => void)[] = [];
+  const resolvers: ((result: ClaimValidationResult) => void)[] = [];
 
   const scheduler = createClaimValidationScheduler({
     initialState: createInvestigationRunState({}),
     validationLimiter: async (task) => task(),
     runValidation: async (claimIndex) =>
-      new Promise<PerClaimValidationResult>((resolve) => {
+      new Promise<ClaimValidationResult>((resolve) => {
         resolvers[claimIndex] = resolve;
       }),
   });
diff --git a/src/typescript/api/test/unit/openai-claim-validator.test.ts b/src/typescript/api/test/unit/openai-claim-validator.test.ts
index 81c6df8..fd35548 100644
--- a/src/typescript/api/test/unit/openai-claim-validator.test.ts
+++ b/src/typescript/api/test/unit/openai-claim-validator.test.ts
@@ -1,274 +1,99 @@
 import assert from "node:assert/strict";
 import { test } from "node:test";
-import type OpenAI from "openai";
 import {
   InvestigatorIncompleteResponseError,
-  validateClaim,
-} from "../../src/lib/investigators/openai-claim-validator.js";
-import type { InvestigationResult } from "@openerrata/shared";
-
-/**
- * Invariants under test:
- *
- * 1. **InvestigatorIncompleteResponseError carries diagnostic metadata**: The
- *    orchestrator uses responseStatus, responseId, incompleteReason, and
- *    outputTextLength to classify failures as transient vs. terminal. If any
- *    of these are silently dropped, the retry logic makes wrong decisions.
- *
- * 2. **Error message is grep-able**: Operator log triage needs all four
- *    diagnostic fields in the message string. Null fields must render as
- *    "unknown", not crash the constructor.
- *
- * 3. **validateClaim routes through discriminated result paths**: Success
- *    returns approved + audit + null error; API exception returns error result;
- *    incomplete response returns error result with responseAudit preserved.
- */
-
-function makeClaim(): InvestigationResult["claims"][number] {
-  return {
-    text: "The earth is flat.",
-    context: "In the article the author states the earth is flat.",
-    summary: "The earth is not flat.",
-    reasoning: "Scientific consensus establishes the earth as an oblate spheroid.",
-    sources: [{ url: "https://example.com", title: "Source", snippet: "Evidence" }],
-  };
-}
-
-function makeCompletedResponse(approved: boolean): Record<string, unknown> {
-  return {
-    id: "resp_test_123",
-    status: "completed",
-    model: "gpt-4.1",
-    output: [
-      {
-        type: "message",
-        id: "msg_1",
-        status: "completed",
-        role: "assistant",
-        content: [{ type: "output_text", text: JSON.stringify({ approved }) }],
-      },
-    ],
-    output_text: JSON.stringify({ approved }),
-    usage: {
-      input_tokens: 100,
-      output_tokens: 50,
-      total_tokens: 150,
-    },
-  };
-}
-
-function makeMockClient(responseOrError: Record<string, unknown> | Error): OpenAI {
-  const responsesCreate =
-    responseOrError instanceof Error
-      ? () => Promise.reject(responseOrError)
-      : () => Promise.resolve(responseOrError);
-
-  return {
-    responses: { create: responsesCreate },
-  } as unknown as OpenAI;
+  InvestigatorStructuredOutputError,
+} from "../../src/lib/investigators/errors.js";
+import { validateClaim } from "../../src/lib/investigators/openai-claim-validator.js";
+import { INVESTIGATION_REQUEST_CONFIG } from "../../src/lib/investigators/openai-request-config.js";
+import { INVESTIGATION_VALIDATION_SYSTEM_PROMPT } from "../../src/lib/investigators/prompt.js";
+import {
+  createFakeOpenAiClient,
+  makeClaim,
+  makeMessage,
+  makeResponse,
+  makeVerdictResponse,
+  type FakeOpenAiReply,
+} from "../helpers/fake-openai.js";
+
+async function validate(reply: FakeOpenAiReply) {
+  const { client, requests } = createFakeOpenAiClient(() => reply);
+  const result = await validateClaim({
+    client,
+    requestConfig: INVESTIGATION_REQUEST_CONFIG,
+    claimIndex: 3,
+    claim: makeClaim("Alpha"),
+    contentText: "The post text.",
+    imageContextNotes: undefined,
+    signal: new AbortController().signal,
+  });
+  return { result, requests };
 }
 
-const defaultReasoning = { effort: "low" as const, summary: "auto" as const };
-
-test("InvestigatorIncompleteResponseError stores all diagnostic fields", () => {
-  const error = new InvestigatorIncompleteResponseError({
-    responseStatus: "incomplete",
-    responseId: "resp_abc123",
-    incompleteReason: "max_output_tokens",
-    outputTextLength: 1024,
+test("validateClaim sends a structured yes/no request without tools", async () => {
+  const { requests } = await validate({
+    kind: "response",
+    response: makeVerdictResponse("resp_v", true),
   });
 
-  assert.equal(error.responseStatus, "incomplete");
-  assert.equal(error.responseId, "resp_abc123");
-  assert.equal(error.incompleteReason, "max_output_tokens");
-  assert.equal(error.outputTextLength, 1024);
+  const [request] = requests;
+  assert.ok(request);
+  assert.equal(request.body.model, "gpt-6.1-sol");
+  assert.equal(request.body.instructions, INVESTIGATION_VALIDATION_SYSTEM_PROMPT);
+  assert.equal(request.body.tools, undefined);
+  assert.equal(request.body.text?.format?.type, "json_schema");
+  assert.equal(typeof request.body.input, "string");
+  assert.match(request.body.input as string, /Incorrect claim: Alpha/);
 });
 
-test("InvestigatorIncompleteResponseError message contains all diagnostic fields", () => {
-  const error = new InvestigatorIncompleteResponseError({
-    responseStatus: "incomplete",
-    responseId: "resp_abc123",
-    incompleteReason: "max_output_tokens",
-    outputTextLength: 512,
+test("validateClaim reports approved and rejected verdicts with the request audit", async () => {
+  const approved = await validate({
+    kind: "response",
+    response: makeVerdictResponse("resp_yes", true),
   });
+  assert.equal(approved.result.kind, "approved");
+  assert.deepEqual(approved.result.request.subject, { kind: "CLAIM_VALIDATION", claimIndex: 3 });
+  assert.equal(approved.result.request.response?.providerResponseId, "resp_yes");
 
-  assert.match(error.message, /incomplete/);
-  assert.match(error.message, /resp_abc123/);
-  assert.match(error.message, /max_output_tokens/);
-  assert.match(error.message, /512/);
-});
-
-test("InvestigatorIncompleteResponseError renders null fields as 'unknown'", () => {
-  const error = new InvestigatorIncompleteResponseError({
-    responseStatus: null,
-    responseId: null,
-    incompleteReason: null,
-    outputTextLength: 0,
+  const rejected = await validate({
+    kind: "response",
+    response: makeVerdictResponse("resp_no", false),
   });
-
-  // Must not crash, and the message must be informative for log grep.
-  assert.match(error.message, /unknown/);
-  assert.equal(error.name, "InvestigatorIncompleteResponseError");
-});
-
-// --- validateClaim ---
-
-test("validateClaim returns approved=true with responseAudit when model approves", async () => {
-  const client = makeMockClient(makeCompletedResponse(true));
-  const result = await validateClaim(
-    client,
-    "gpt-4.1",
-    0,
-    makeClaim(),
-    "Some post content.",
-    undefined,
-    defaultReasoning,
-  );
-
-  assert.equal(result.claimIndex, 0);
-  assert.equal(result.approved, true);
-  assert.equal(result.error, null);
-  assert.notEqual(result.responseAudit, null);
-  assert.equal(result.responseAudit.responseId, "resp_test_123");
-  assert.equal(result.responseAudit.responseStatus, "completed");
-});
-
-test("validateClaim returns approved=false with responseAudit when model rejects", async () => {
-  const client = makeMockClient(makeCompletedResponse(false));
-  const result = await validateClaim(
-    client,
-    "gpt-4.1",
-    3,
-    makeClaim(),
-    "Some post content.",
-    undefined,
-    defaultReasoning,
-  );
-
-  assert.equal(result.claimIndex, 3);
-  assert.equal(result.approved, false);
-  assert.equal(result.error, null);
-  assert.notEqual(result.responseAudit, null);
+  assert.equal(rejected.result.kind, "rejected");
 });
 
-test("validateClaim returns error result when API call throws", async () => {
-  const client = makeMockClient(new Error("API rate limit exceeded"));
-  const result = await validateClaim(
-    client,
-    "gpt-4.1",
-    1,
-    makeClaim(),
-    "Some content.",
-    undefined,
-    defaultReasoning,
-  );
+test("validateClaim reports a failed request with no response audit", async () => {
+  const { result } = await validate({ kind: "http_error", status: 500, message: "boom" });
 
-  assert.equal(result.claimIndex, 1);
-  assert.equal(result.approved, false);
-  assert.notEqual(result.error, null);
-  assert.ok(result.error !== null);
-  assert.match(result.error.message, /API rate limit exceeded/);
-  // responseAudit is null when the API call itself fails
-  assert.equal(result.responseAudit, null);
+  assert.equal(result.kind, "failed");
+  assert.equal(result.request.response, null);
+  assert.equal(result.error.message, "500 boom");
 });
 
-test("validateClaim returns error result for incomplete response", async () => {
-  const incompleteResponse: Record<string, unknown> = {
-    id: "resp_incomplete",
-    status: "incomplete",
-    model: "gpt-4.1",
-    output: [],
-    output_text: null,
-    incomplete_details: { reason: "max_output_tokens" },
-    usage: { input_tokens: 100, output_tokens: 50, total_tokens: 150 },
-  };
-  const client = makeMockClient(incompleteResponse);
-  const result = await validateClaim(
-    client,
-    "gpt-4.1",
-    2,
-    makeClaim(),
-    "Some content.",
-    undefined,
-    defaultReasoning,
-  );
+test("validateClaim fails on an incomplete response", async () => {
+  const { result } = await validate({
+    kind: "response",
+    response: makeResponse({
+      id: "resp_cut",
+      status: "incomplete",
+      incompleteReason: "max_output_tokens",
+      output: [],
+    }),
+  });
 
-  assert.equal(result.claimIndex, 2);
-  assert.equal(result.approved, false);
-  assert.notEqual(result.error, null);
+  assert.equal(result.kind, "failed");
   assert.ok(result.error instanceof InvestigatorIncompleteResponseError);
-  // responseAudit should still be captured even on incomplete response
-  assert.notEqual(result.responseAudit, null);
-  assert.equal(result.responseAudit?.responseId, "resp_incomplete");
-});
-
-test("validateClaim returns error result when output_text is invalid JSON", async () => {
-  const response: Record<string, unknown> = {
-    id: "resp_bad_json",
-    status: "completed",
-    model: "gpt-4.1",
-    output: [
-      {
-        type: "message",
-        id: "msg_1",
-        status: "completed",
-        role: "assistant",
-        content: [{ type: "output_text", text: "not valid json" }],
-      },
-    ],
-    output_text: "not valid json",
-    usage: { input_tokens: 50, output_tokens: 10, total_tokens: 60 },
-  };
-  const client = makeMockClient(response);
-  const result = await validateClaim(
-    client,
-    "gpt-4.1",
-    0,
-    makeClaim(),
-    "Some content.",
-    undefined,
-    defaultReasoning,
-  );
-
-  assert.equal(result.approved, false);
-  assert.notEqual(result.error, null);
-  // responseAudit is preserved even on JSON parse error
-  assert.notEqual(result.responseAudit, null);
+  assert.equal(result.request.response?.status, "incomplete");
 });
 
-test("validateClaim captures responseAudit even when structured output is malformed JSON object", async () => {
-  // Model returns valid JSON but with wrong structure — the error path must
-  // still preserve the responseAudit for operator debugging
-  const response: Record<string, unknown> = {
-    id: "resp_bad_schema",
-    status: "completed",
-    model: "gpt-4.1",
-    output: [
-      {
-        type: "message",
-        id: "msg_1",
-        status: "completed",
-        role: "assistant",
-        content: [{ type: "output_text", text: JSON.stringify({ wrong_field: true }) }],
-      },
-    ],
-    output_text: JSON.stringify({ wrong_field: true }),
-    usage: { input_tokens: 50, output_tokens: 10, total_tokens: 60 },
-  };
-  const client = makeMockClient(response);
-  const result = await validateClaim(
-    client,
-    "gpt-4.1",
-    0,
-    makeClaim(),
-    "Some content.",
-    undefined,
-    defaultReasoning,
-  );
-
-  assert.equal(result.approved, false);
-  assert.notEqual(result.error, null);
-  // Key invariant: responseAudit is preserved for logging even when parse fails
-  assert.notEqual(result.responseAudit, null);
-  assert.equal(result.responseAudit?.responseId, "resp_bad_schema");
+test("validateClaim fails when the verdict is not valid structured output", async () => {
+  for (const text of ["not json", JSON.stringify({ approved: "yes" }), ""]) {
+    const { result } = await validate({
+      kind: "response",
+      response: makeResponse({ id: "resp_bad", output: [makeMessage("msg", text)] }),
+    });
+    assert.equal(result.kind, "failed", text);
+    assert.ok(result.error instanceof InvestigatorStructuredOutputError);
+    assert.equal(result.request.response?.providerResponseId, "resp_bad");
+  }
 });
diff --git a/src/typescript/api/test/unit/openai-input-builder.test.ts b/src/typescript/api/test/unit/openai-input-builder.test.ts
index b25cdda..699df7b 100644
--- a/src/typescript/api/test/unit/openai-input-builder.test.ts
+++ b/src/typescript/api/test/unit/openai-input-builder.test.ts
@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ test("buildInitialInput interleaves images at [IMAGE:N] placeholders with duplic
   ];
 
   const contentOffset = userPrompt.indexOf(contentString);
-  const input = buildInitialInput(
+  const { request: input } = buildInitialInput(
     userPrompt,
     contentString,
     contentOffset,
@@ -152,7 +152,7 @@ test("buildInitialInput falls back to text-offset interleaving when placeholders
   ];
 
   const contentOffset = userPrompt.indexOf(contentString);
-  const input = buildInitialInput(
+  const { request: input } = buildInitialInput(
     userPrompt,
     contentString,
     contentOffset,
@@ -244,6 +244,61 @@ test("buildInitialInput yields equivalent multimodal payload on retry placeholde
   );
 });
 
+test("buildInitialInput audits image parts by content hash instead of data URI", () => {
+  const contentString = "Alpha Beta";
+  const userPrompt = `prefix\n${contentString}\nsuffix`;
+  const imageOccurrences: InvestigatorImageOccurrence[] = [
+    {
+      originalIndex: 0,
+      normalizedTextOffset: 6,
+      sourceUrl: "https://example.com/a.png",
+      resolution: "resolved",
+      imageDataUri: "data:image/png;base64,AAA",
+      contentHash: "hash-a",
+    },
+  ];
+
+  const { request, audit } = buildInitialInput(
+    userPrompt,
+    contentString,
+    userPrompt.indexOf(contentString),
+    imageOccurrences,
+    undefined,
+  );
+
+  assert.deepEqual(request, [
+    {
+      role: "user",
+      content: [
+        { type: "input_text", text: "prefix\n" },
+        { type: "input_text", text: "Alpha " },
+        { type: "input_image", detail: "auto", image_url: "data:image/png;base64,AAA" },
+        { type: "input_text", text: "Beta" },
+        { type: "input_text", text: "\nsuffix" },
+      ],
+    },
+  ]);
+  assert.deepEqual(audit, [
+    {
+      role: "user",
+      content: [
+        { type: "input_text", text: "prefix\n" },
+        { type: "input_text", text: "Alpha " },
+        { type: "input_image", detail: "auto", imageContentHash: "hash-a" },
+        { type: "input_text", text: "Beta" },
+        { type: "input_text", text: "\nsuffix" },
+      ],
+    },
+  ]);
+});
+
+test("buildInitialInput sends and audits the plain prompt when there are no images", () => {
+  assert.deepEqual(buildInitialInput("prompt with content", "content", 12, [], undefined), {
+    request: "prompt with content",
+    audit: "prompt with content",
+  });
+});
+
 test("buildValidationImageContextNotes describes resolved duplicates distinctly", () => {
   const notes = buildValidationImageContextNotes([
     {
diff --git a/src/typescript/api/test/unit/openai-investigate-claim-order.test.ts b/src/typescript/api/test/unit/openai-investigate-claim-order.test.ts
deleted file mode 100644
index 35ba2ba..0000000
--- a/src/typescript/api/test/unit/openai-investigate-claim-order.test.ts
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,197 +0,0 @@
-import assert from "node:assert/strict";
-import { test } from "node:test";
-import type OpenAI from "openai";
-import { OpenAIInvestigator } from "../../src/lib/investigators/openai.js";
-import type { InvestigatorInput } from "../../src/lib/investigators/interface.js";
-
-/**
- * Invariant under test:
- *
- * The final `result.claims` array must be ordered by **submission order**
- * (the order the model produced submit_correction / retain_correction tool
- * calls), regardless of which per-claim validation promises settle first.
- *
- * Without explicit sorting, `confirmedClaims` is populated by `.then()`
- * callbacks on bounded-concurrency promises, whose settlement order depends
- * on wall-clock timing — a non-deterministic race.
- */
-
-function makeClaim(label: string) {
-  return {
-    text: `Incorrect claim: ${label}`,
-    context: `The article states ${label}`,
-    summary: `${label} is wrong because of evidence`,
-    reasoning: `Detailed reasoning for ${label}`,
-    sources: [
-      {
-        url: `https://example.com/${label.toLowerCase()}`,
-        title: `Source ${label}`,
-        snippet: `Evidence for ${label}`,
-      },
-    ],
-  };
-}
-
-function makeSubmitCorrectionFunctionCall(callId: string, claim: ReturnType<typeof makeClaim>) {
-  return {
-    type: "function_call",
-    id: `fc_${callId}`,
-    call_id: callId,
-    name: "submit_correction",
-    arguments: JSON.stringify(claim),
-    status: "completed",
-  };
-}
-
-function makeToolLoopResponse(claims: ReturnType<typeof makeClaim>[]) {
-  return {
-    id: "resp_round1",
-    status: "completed",
-    model: "test-model",
-    output: claims.map((claim, i) =>
-      makeSubmitCorrectionFunctionCall(`call-${i.toString()}`, claim),
-    ),
-    output_text: null,
-    usage: { input_tokens: 200, output_tokens: 200, total_tokens: 400 },
-  };
-}
-
-function makeFinalToolLoopResponse() {
-  return {
-    id: "resp_round2",
-    status: "completed",
-    model: "test-model",
-    output: [
-      { type: "message", id: "msg_final", status: "completed", role: "assistant", content: [] },
-    ],
-    output_text: null,
-    usage: { input_tokens: 50, output_tokens: 10, total_tokens: 60 },
-  };
-}
-
-function makeValidationResponse(approved: boolean) {
-  return {
-    id: "resp_validation",
-    status: "completed",
-    model: "test-model",
-    output: [
-      {
-        type: "message",
-        id: "msg_val",
-        status: "completed",
-        role: "assistant",
-        content: [{ type: "output_text", text: JSON.stringify({ approved }) }],
-      },
-    ],
-    output_text: JSON.stringify({ approved }),
-    usage: { input_tokens: 50, output_tokens: 10, total_tokens: 60 },
-  };
-}
-
-function delay(ms: number): Promise<void> {
-  return new Promise((resolve) => {
-    setTimeout(resolve, ms);
-  });
-}
-
-const minimalInput: InvestigatorInput = {
-  contentText: "Some test content for fact-checking.",
-  platform: "LESSWRONG",
-  url: "https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/abc123/test-post",
-};
-
-test("investigate returns claims in submission order regardless of validation settlement order", async () => {
-  const claimA = makeClaim("Alpha");
-  const claimB = makeClaim("Beta");
-  const claimC = makeClaim("Gamma");
-
-  let toolLoopCallCount = 0;
-  let validationCallIndex = 0;
-
-  const mockClient = {
-    responses: {
-      create: async (request: Record<string, unknown>) => {
-        // Stage 2 validation calls use text.format (no tools array)
-        if (request["text"] !== undefined) {
-          const idx = validationCallIndex;
-          validationCallIndex += 1;
-
-          // Settle in REVERSE order: claim 2 fastest, claim 0 slowest.
-          // With 3 claims and pLimit(4), all start immediately.
-          const delays = [40, 20, 5];
-          await delay(delays[idx] ?? 0);
-
-          return makeValidationResponse(true);
-        }
-
-        // Stage 1 tool loop calls have a tools array
-        toolLoopCallCount += 1;
-        if (toolLoopCallCount === 1) {
-          return makeToolLoopResponse([claimA, claimB, claimC]);
-        }
-        return makeFinalToolLoopResponse();
-      },
-    },
-  } as unknown as OpenAI;
-
-  const investigator = new OpenAIInvestigator("fake-key", {
-    client: mockClient,
-    modelId: "test-model",
-    maxToolRounds: 10,
-  });
-
-  const output = await investigator.investigate(minimalInput);
-
-  assert.equal(output.result.claims.length, 3);
-  // Claims must be in submission order (A, B, C) — not settlement order (C, B, A).
-  assert.equal(output.result.claims[0]?.text, claimA.text);
-  assert.equal(output.result.claims[1]?.text, claimB.text);
-  assert.equal(output.result.claims[2]?.text, claimC.text);
-});
-
-test("investigate preserves submission order when some validations reject", async () => {
-  const claimA = makeClaim("Alpha");
-  const claimB = makeClaim("Beta");
-  const claimC = makeClaim("Gamma");
-
-  let toolLoopCallCount = 0;
-  let validationCallIndex = 0;
-
-  const mockClient = {
-    responses: {
-      create: async (request: Record<string, unknown>) => {
-        if (request["text"] !== undefined) {
-          const idx = validationCallIndex;
-          validationCallIndex += 1;
-
-          // Claim 0 (Alpha): slow, approved
-          // Claim 1 (Beta): fast, REJECTED
-          // Claim 2 (Gamma): medium, approved
-          const delays = [30, 5, 15];
-          const approvals = [true, false, true];
-          await delay(delays[idx] ?? 0);
-          return makeValidationResponse(approvals[idx] ?? false);
-        }
-
-        toolLoopCallCount += 1;
-        if (toolLoopCallCount === 1) {
-          return makeToolLoopResponse([claimA, claimB, claimC]);
-        }
-        return makeFinalToolLoopResponse();
-      },
-    },
-  } as unknown as OpenAI;
-
-  const investigator = new OpenAIInvestigator("fake-key", {
-    client: mockClient,
-    modelId: "test-model",
-    maxToolRounds: 10,
-  });
-
-  const output = await investigator.investigate(minimalInput);
-
-  // Beta was rejected; Alpha and Gamma approved — must be in submission order.
-  assert.equal(output.result.claims.length, 2);
-  assert.equal(output.result.claims[0]?.text, claimA.text);
-  assert.equal(output.result.claims[1]?.text, claimC.text);
-});
diff --git a/src/typescript/api/test/unit/openai-investigation-run-state.test.ts b/src/typescript/api/test/unit/openai-investigation-run-state.test.ts
index 8cc3de5..7459eed 100644
--- a/src/typescript/api/test/unit/openai-investigation-run-state.test.ts
+++ b/src/typescript/api/test/unit/openai-investigation-run-state.test.ts
@@ -9,7 +9,8 @@ import {
   retainOldClaim,
   settlePendingValidation,
 } from "../../src/lib/investigators/openai-investigation-run-state.js";
-import type { PerClaimValidationResult } from "../../src/lib/investigators/openai-claim-validator.js";
+import type { ClaimValidationResult } from "../../src/lib/investigators/openai-claim-validator.js";
+import { makeValidationRequestAudit } from "../helpers/fake-openai.js";
 
 function makeClaim(label: string): InvestigationResult["claims"][number] {
   return {
@@ -30,23 +31,11 @@ function makeClaim(label: string): InvestigationResult["claims"][number] {
 function makeValidationResult(input: {
   claimIndex: number;
   approved: boolean;
-}): PerClaimValidationResult {
+}): ClaimValidationResult {
   return {
+    kind: input.approved ? "approved" : "rejected",
     claimIndex: input.claimIndex,
-    approved: input.approved,
-    responseAudit: {
-      responseId: "resp-1",
-      responseStatus: "completed",
-      responseModelVersion: "test-model",
-      responseOutputText: JSON.stringify({ approved: input.approved }),
-      outputItems: [],
-      outputTextParts: [],
-      outputTextAnnotations: [],
-      reasoningSummaries: [],
-      toolCalls: [],
-      usage: null,
-    },
-    error: null,
+    request: makeValidationRequestAudit(input.claimIndex),
   };
 }
 
@@ -119,3 +108,23 @@ test("retainOldClaim validates claim id and deduplicates retention", () => {
     reason: "unknown_id",
   });
 });
+
+test("settlePendingValidation rejects settling the same validation twice", () => {
+  const queued = enqueuePendingValidation(createInvestigationRunState({}), {
+    claim: makeClaim("alpha"),
+    promise: Promise.resolve(makeValidationResult({ claimIndex: 0, approved: true })),
+  });
+  const settled = settlePendingValidation(queued.nextState, {
+    pendingIndex: queued.pendingIndex,
+    result: makeValidationResult({ claimIndex: 0, approved: true }),
+  });
+
+  assert.throws(
+    () =>
+      settlePendingValidation(settled, {
+        pendingIndex: queued.pendingIndex,
+        result: makeValidationResult({ claimIndex: 0, approved: false }),
+      }),
+    /already settled/,
+  );
+});
diff --git a/src/typescript/api/test/unit/openai-investigator.test.ts b/src/typescript/api/test/unit/openai-investigator.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..517f95c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/typescript/api/test/unit/openai-investigator.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,403 @@
+import assert from "node:assert/strict";
+import { test } from "node:test";
+import { claimIdSchema } from "@openerrata/shared";
+import {
+  InvestigatorExecutionError,
+  InvestigatorIncompleteResponseError,
+  InvestigatorStructuredOutputError,
+} from "../../src/lib/investigators/errors.js";
+import type { InvestigatorInput } from "../../src/lib/investigators/interface.js";
+import { OpenAIInvestigator } from "../../src/lib/investigators/openai.js";
+import { INVESTIGATION_REQUEST_CONFIG } from "../../src/lib/investigators/openai-request-config.js";
+import {
+  INVESTIGATION_SYSTEM_PROMPT,
+  INVESTIGATION_VALIDATION_SYSTEM_PROMPT,
+} from "../../src/lib/investigators/prompt.js";
+import { isNonRetryableProviderError } from "../../src/lib/services/orchestrator-errors.js";
+import {
+  createFakeOpenAiClient,
+  isValidationRequest,
+  makeClaim,
+  makeFunctionCall,
+  makeMessage,
+  makeResponse,
+  makeVerdictResponse,
+  makeWebSearch,
+  type FakeOpenAiReply,
+  type RecordedOpenAiRequest,
+} from "../helpers/fake-openai.js";
+
+const minimalInput: InvestigatorInput = {
+  contentText: "Some test content for fact-checking.",
+  platform: "LESSWRONG",
+  url: "https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/abc123/test-post",
+};
+
+function delay(ms: number): Promise<void> {
+  return new Promise((resolve) => {
+    setTimeout(resolve, ms);
+  });
+}
+
+function runOptions() {
+  return { signal: new AbortController().signal };
+}
+
+function createInvestigator(
+  reply: (
+    request: RecordedOpenAiRequest,
+    index: number,
+  ) => FakeOpenAiReply | Promise<FakeOpenAiReply>,
+  maxToolRounds = 10,
+) {
+  const fake = createFakeOpenAiClient(reply);
+  return {
+    investigator: new OpenAIInvestigator({
+      client: fake.client,
+      requestConfig: INVESTIGATION_REQUEST_CONFIG,
+      maxToolRounds,
+    }),
+    requests: fake.requests,
+  };
+}
+
+/** Fact-check rounds answered from `rounds` in order; validations approve unless `approve` says otherwise. */
+function scriptedReplies(input: {
+  rounds: ReturnType<typeof makeResponse>[];
+  approve?: (validationIndex: number) => boolean;
+  validationDelayMs?: (validationIndex: number) => number;
+}) {
+  let roundIndex = 0;
+  let validationIndex = 0;
+  return async (request: RecordedOpenAiRequest): Promise<FakeOpenAiReply> => {
+    if (isValidationRequest(request)) {
+      const index = validationIndex;
+      validationIndex += 1;
+      await delay(input.validationDelayMs?.(index) ?? 0);
+      return {
+        kind: "response",
+        response: makeVerdictResponse(
+          `resp_validation_${index.toString()}`,
+          input.approve?.(index) ?? true,
+        ),
+      };
+    }
+    const response = input.rounds[roundIndex];
+    roundIndex += 1;
+    assert.ok(response, "unexpected extra fact-check round");
+    return { kind: "response", response };
+  };
+}
+
+async function rejectsWithExecutionError(
+  promise: Promise<unknown>,
+): Promise<InvestigatorExecutionError> {
+  try {
+    await promise;
+  } catch (error) {
+    assert.ok(error instanceof InvestigatorExecutionError, `unexpected error: ${String(error)}`);
+    return error;
+  }
+  assert.fail("expected investigate() to reject");
+}
+
+test("fact-check rounds send the gpt-6.1-sol request shape and chain previous responses", async () => {
+  const { investigator, requests } = createInvestigator(
+    scriptedReplies({
+      rounds: [
+        makeResponse({
+          id: "resp_round_0",
+          output: [makeFunctionCall("call-fetch", "fetch_url", { url: "not a url" })],
+        }),
+        makeResponse({ id: "resp_round_1", output: [makeMessage("msg_done", "Done.")] }),
+      ],
+    }),
+  );
+
+  await investigator.investigate(minimalInput, runOptions());
+
+  const [firstRound, secondRound] = requests;
+  assert.ok(firstRound && secondRound);
+  assert.equal(firstRound.path, "/v1/responses");
+  assert.equal(firstRound.body.model, "gpt-6.1-sol");
+  assert.equal(firstRound.body.instructions, INVESTIGATION_SYSTEM_PROMPT);
+  assert.deepEqual(firstRound.body.reasoning, { effort: "medium", summary: "detailed" });
+  assert.deepEqual(firstRound.body.include, ["web_search_call.action.sources"]);
+  assert.deepEqual(
+    firstRound.body.tools?.map((tool) => (tool.type === "function" ? tool.name : tool.type)),
+    ["web_search", "fetch_url", "submit_correction"],
+  );
+  assert.equal(firstRound.body.previous_response_id, undefined);
+  assert.equal(firstRound.body.max_output_tokens, undefined);
+
+  assert.equal(secondRound.body.previous_response_id, "resp_round_0");
+  assert.deepEqual(secondRound.body.tools, firstRound.body.tools);
+  const [fetchOutput] = Array.isArray(secondRound.body.input) ? secondRound.body.input : [];
+  assert.ok(fetchOutput?.type === "function_call_output");
+  assert.equal(fetchOutput.call_id, "call-fetch");
+});
+
+test("update investigations offer retain_correction limited to the prior claim ids", async () => {
+  const oldClaimId = claimIdSchema.parse("claim-old-1");
+  const { investigator, requests } = createInvestigator(
+    scriptedReplies({
+      rounds: [
+        makeResponse({
+          id: "resp_round_0",
+          output: [makeFunctionCall("call-retain", "retain_correction", { id: oldClaimId })],
+        }),
+        makeResponse({ id: "resp_round_1", output: [] }),
+      ],
+    }),
+  );
+
+  const output = await investigator.investigate(
+    { ...minimalInput, isUpdate: true, oldClaims: [{ id: oldClaimId, ...makeClaim("Old") }] },
+    runOptions(),
+  );
+
+  const retainTool = requests[0]?.body.tools?.find(
+    (tool) => tool.type === "function" && tool.name === "retain_correction",
+  );
+  assert.ok(retainTool?.type === "function");
+  assert.deepEqual(retainTool.parameters?.["properties"], {
+    id: {
+      type: "string",
+      enum: [oldClaimId],
+      description: "The ID of the existing claim to retain.",
+    },
+  });
+  assert.deepEqual(output.result.claims, [makeClaim("Old")]);
+});
+
+test("investigate returns claims in submission order regardless of validation settlement order", async () => {
+  const claims = [makeClaim("Alpha"), makeClaim("Beta"), makeClaim("Gamma")];
+  const { investigator } = createInvestigator(
+    scriptedReplies({
+      rounds: [
+        makeResponse({
+          id: "resp_round_0",
+          output: claims.map((claim, index) =>
+            makeFunctionCall(`call-${index.toString()}`, "submit_correction", claim),
+          ),
+        }),
+        makeResponse({ id: "resp_round_1", output: [] }),
+      ],
+      // Settle in reverse order: claim 2 fastest, claim 0 slowest.
+      validationDelayMs: (index) => [40, 20, 5][index] ?? 0,
+    }),
+  );
+
+  const output = await investigator.investigate(minimalInput, runOptions());
+
+  assert.deepEqual(output.result.claims, claims);
+});
+
+test("investigate preserves submission order when some validations reject", async () => {
+  const claims = [makeClaim("Alpha"), makeClaim("Beta"), makeClaim("Gamma")];
+  const { investigator } = createInvestigator(
+    scriptedReplies({
+      rounds: [
+        makeResponse({
+          id: "resp_round_0",
+          output: claims.map((claim, index) =>
+            makeFunctionCall(`call-${index.toString()}`, "submit_correction", claim),
+          ),
+        }),
+        makeResponse({ id: "resp_round_1", output: [] }),
+      ],
+      approve: (index) => index !== 1,
+      validationDelayMs: (index) => [30, 5, 15][index] ?? 0,
+    }),
+  );
+
+  const output = await investigator.investigate(minimalInput, runOptions());
+
+  assert.deepEqual(output.result.claims, [claims[0], claims[2]]);
+});
+
+test("invalid claim submissions are rejected back to the model and never validated", async () => {
+  const unsafeClaim = {
+    ...makeClaim("Unsafe"),
+    sources: [{ url: "ftp://example.com/evidence.txt", title: "Source", snippet: "Snippet" }],
+  };
+  const { investigator, requests } = createInvestigator(
+    scriptedReplies({
+      rounds: [
+        makeResponse({
+          id: "resp_round_0",
+          output: [makeFunctionCall("call-unsafe", "submit_correction", unsafeClaim)],
+        }),
+        makeResponse({ id: "resp_round_1", output: [] }),
+      ],
+    }),
+  );
+
+  const output = await investigator.investigate(minimalInput, runOptions());
+
+  assert.deepEqual(output.result.claims, []);
+  assert.equal(requests.filter(isValidationRequest).length, 0);
+  const [rejection] = Array.isArray(requests[1]?.body.input) ? requests[1].body.input : [];
+  assert.ok(rejection?.type === "function_call_output");
+  assert.equal(rejection.call_id, "call-unsafe");
+  assert.equal(typeof rejection.output, "string");
+  assert.match(rejection.output as string, /Invalid claim, not recorded/);
+});
+
+test("the attempt audit records every provider request, with model and modelVersion from stage 1", async () => {
+  const { investigator } = createInvestigator(
+    scriptedReplies({
+      rounds: [
+        makeResponse({
+          id: "resp_round_0",
+          model: "gpt-6.1-sol-2026-09-01",
+          output: [
+            makeWebSearch("ws_1", "moon distance", ["https://nasa.gov/moon"]),
+            makeFunctionCall("call-0", "submit_correction", makeClaim("Alpha")),
+          ],
+        }),
+        makeResponse({ id: "resp_round_1", model: "gpt-6.1-sol-2026-09-01", output: [] }),
+      ],
+    }),
+  );
+
+  const output = await investigator.investigate(minimalInput, runOptions());
+
+  assert.equal(output.model, "gpt-6.1-sol");
+  assert.equal(output.modelVersion, "gpt-6.1-sol-2026-09-01");
+  assert.equal(output.attemptAudit.outcome, "SUCCEEDED");
+  assert.deepEqual(
+    output.attemptAudit.requests.map((request) => request.subject),
+    [
+      { kind: "FACT_CHECK_ROUND", round: 0 },
+      { kind: "FACT_CHECK_ROUND", round: 1 },
+      { kind: "CLAIM_VALIDATION", claimIndex: 0 },
+    ],
+  );
+  const [round0, round1, validation] = output.attemptAudit.requests;
+  assert.ok(round0 && round1 && validation);
+  assert.equal(typeof round0.input, "string");
+  assert.match(round0.input as string, /Some test content for fact-checking\./);
+  assert.equal(round0.previousResponseId, null);
+  assert.equal(round1.previousResponseId, "resp_round_0");
+  assert.deepEqual(round0.include, ["web_search_call.action.sources"]);
+  assert.equal(round0.response?.outputItems[0]?.content.kind, "TOOL_CALL");
+  assert.equal(validation.instructions, INVESTIGATION_VALIDATION_SYSTEM_PROMPT);
+  assert.equal(typeof validation.input, "string");
+  assert.match(validation.input as string, /Incorrect claim: Alpha/);
+  assert.deepEqual(validation.tools, []);
+  assert.equal(validation.response?.providerResponseId, "resp_validation_0");
+});
+
+test("the round limit fails the attempt without running the last round's tool calls", async () => {
+  const { investigator, requests } = createInvestigator(
+    scriptedReplies({
+      rounds: [
+        makeResponse({
+          id: "resp_round_0",
+          output: [makeFunctionCall("call-0", "submit_correction", makeClaim("Alpha"))],
+        }),
+        makeResponse({
+          id: "resp_round_1",
+          output: [makeFunctionCall("call-1", "submit_correction", makeClaim("Beta"))],
+        }),
+      ],
+    }),
+    2,
+  );
+
+  const error = await rejectsWithExecutionError(
+    investigator.investigate(minimalInput, runOptions()),
+  );
+
+  assert.ok(error.cause instanceof InvestigatorStructuredOutputError);
+  assert.match(error.cause.message, /round limit \(2\)/);
+  assert.equal(isNonRetryableProviderError(error), true);
+  // Only the first round's claim was validated; the second was never acknowledged.
+  assert.equal(requests.filter(isValidationRequest).length, 1);
+  assert.deepEqual(
+    error.attemptAudit.requests.map((request) => request.subject.kind),
+    ["FACT_CHECK_ROUND", "FACT_CHECK_ROUND", "CLAIM_VALIDATION"],
+  );
+  assert.equal(error.attemptAudit.outcome, "FAILED");
+});
+
+test("an incomplete fact-check response fails the attempt non-retryably", async () => {
+  const { investigator } = createInvestigator(
+    scriptedReplies({
+      rounds: [
+        makeResponse({
+          id: "resp_round_0",
+          status: "incomplete",
+          incompleteReason: "max_output_tokens",
+          output: [makeMessage("msg_partial", "Partial")],
+        }),
+      ],
+    }),
+  );
+
+  const error = await rejectsWithExecutionError(
+    investigator.investigate(minimalInput, runOptions()),
+  );
+
+  assert.ok(error.cause instanceof InvestigatorIncompleteResponseError);
+  assert.equal(error.cause.responseStatus, "incomplete");
+  assert.equal(error.cause.incompleteReason, "max_output_tokens");
+  assert.equal(isNonRetryableProviderError(error), true);
+  assert.equal(error.attemptAudit.error.errorName, "InvestigatorIncompleteResponseError");
+  assert.equal(error.attemptAudit.requests[0]?.response?.status, "incomplete");
+});
+
+test("a failed validation fails the attempt after recording every request", async () => {
+  const { investigator } = createInvestigator(async (request) => {
+    if (isValidationRequest(request)) {
+      return { kind: "http_error", status: 500, message: "upstream failure" };
+    }
+    return request.body.previous_response_id === undefined
+      ? {
+          kind: "response",
+          response: makeResponse({
+            id: "resp_round_0",
+            output: [makeFunctionCall("call-0", "submit_correction", makeClaim("Alpha"))],
+          }),
+        }
+      : { kind: "response", response: makeResponse({ id: "resp_round_1", output: [] }) };
+  });
+
+  const error = await rejectsWithExecutionError(
+    investigator.investigate(minimalInput, runOptions()),
+  );
+
+  assert.match(error.message, /claim indices: 0/);
+  assert.equal(isNonRetryableProviderError(error), false);
+  assert.equal(error.attemptAudit.error.statusCode, 500);
+  const validation = error.attemptAudit.requests[2];
+  assert.deepEqual(validation?.subject, { kind: "CLAIM_VALIDATION", claimIndex: 0 });
+  assert.equal(validation.response, null);
+});
+
+test("an aborted run fails with the audit of the request it interrupted", async () => {
+  const { investigator } = createInvestigator(() => ({ kind: "hang" }));
+  const controller = new AbortController();
+
+  const run = investigator.investigate(minimalInput, { signal: controller.signal });
+  controller.abort();
+  const error = await rejectsWithExecutionError(run);
+
+  assert.equal(error.attemptAudit.requests.length, 1);
+  assert.equal(error.attemptAudit.requests[0]?.response, null);
+  assert.equal(error.attemptAudit.error.errorName, "APIUserAbortError");
+});
+
+test("the constructor rejects a non-positive tool round budget", () => {
+  const { client } = createFakeOpenAiClient(() => ({ kind: "hang" }));
+  assert.throws(
+    () =>
+      new OpenAIInvestigator({
+        client,
+        requestConfig: INVESTIGATION_REQUEST_CONFIG,
+        maxToolRounds: 0,
+      }),
+    /maxToolRounds must be a positive integer/,
+  );
+});
diff --git a/src/typescript/api/test/unit/openai-key-validation-core.test.ts b/src/typescript/api/test/unit/openai-key-validation-core.test.ts
index 7ec8a4b..72c28fd 100644
--- a/src/typescript/api/test/unit/openai-key-validation-core.test.ts
+++ b/src/typescript/api/test/unit/openai-key-validation-core.test.ts
@@ -1,87 +1,100 @@
 import assert from "node:assert/strict";
 import { test } from "node:test";
-import { validateOpenAiApiKeyForSettingsWithReachability } from "../../src/lib/services/openai-key-validation-core.js";
+import { validateOpenAiApiKeyForSettingsWithClient } from "../../src/lib/services/openai-key-validation-core.js";
+import {
+  createFakeOpenAiClient,
+  makeResponse,
+  type FakeOpenAiReply,
+} from "../helpers/fake-openai.js";
 
-test("validateOpenAiApiKeyForSettingsWithReachability returns missing for empty values", async () => {
-  const result = await validateOpenAiApiKeyForSettingsWithReachability("   ", async () => {
-    throw new Error("should not run");
-  });
+const WELL_FORMED_KEY = "sk-test-key-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz";
 
-  assert.deepEqual(result, { openaiApiKeyStatus: "missing" });
-});
+async function validateWithReply(reply: FakeOpenAiReply, timeoutMs?: number) {
+  const fake = createFakeOpenAiClient(() => reply, timeoutMs === undefined ? {} : { timeoutMs });
+  const result = await validateOpenAiApiKeyForSettingsWithClient(
+    WELL_FORMED_KEY,
+    () => fake.client,
+  );
+  return { result, requests: fake.requests };
+}
 
-test("validateOpenAiApiKeyForSettingsWithReachability returns format_invalid for malformed keys", async () => {
-  const result = await validateOpenAiApiKeyForSettingsWithReachability("invalid-key", async () => {
-    throw new Error("should not run");
+test("missing and malformed keys are reported without calling OpenAI", async () => {
+  const neverCalled = () => assert.fail("OpenAI must not be called");
+  assert.deepEqual(await validateOpenAiApiKeyForSettingsWithClient("   ", neverCalled), {
+    openaiApiKeyStatus: "missing",
   });
-
-  assert.deepEqual(result, {
+  assert.deepEqual(await validateOpenAiApiKeyForSettingsWithClient("invalid-key", neverCalled), {
     openaiApiKeyStatus: "format_invalid",
     openaiApiKeyMessage: "OpenAI API keys must begin with sk- and include the full token value.",
   });
 });
 
-test("validateOpenAiApiKeyForSettingsWithReachability returns valid on successful reachability check", async () => {
-  const result = await validateOpenAiApiKeyForSettingsWithReachability(
-    "sk-valid-test-key-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz",
-    async () => {},
-  );
+test("a key is valid when OpenAI accepts the investigation request probe", async () => {
+  const { result, requests } = await validateWithReply({
+    kind: "response",
+    // The probe's tiny output cap usually leaves the response incomplete.
+    response: makeResponse({ id: "resp_probe", status: "incomplete", output: [] }),
+  });
 
   assert.deepEqual(result, { openaiApiKeyStatus: "valid" });
+  const [probe] = requests;
+  assert.ok(probe);
+  assert.equal(probe.body.model, "gpt-6.1-sol");
+  assert.equal(probe.body.tool_choice, "none");
+  assert.equal(probe.body.max_output_tokens, 16);
+  assert.deepEqual(probe.body.include, ["web_search_call.action.sources"]);
+  assert.deepEqual(probe.body.reasoning, { effort: "medium", summary: "detailed" });
+  assert.deepEqual(
+    probe.body.tools?.map((tool) => (tool.type === "function" ? tool.name : tool.type)),
+    ["web_search", "fetch_url", "submit_correction"],
+  );
 });
 
-test("validateOpenAiApiKeyForSettingsWithReachability maps known OpenAI status codes", async () => {
-  const invalidResult = await validateOpenAiApiKeyForSettingsWithReachability(
-    "sk-invalid-test-key-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz",
-    async () => {
-      const error = new Error("unauthorized") as Error & { status: number };
-      error.status = 401;
-      throw error;
-    },
+test("OpenAI authentication and permission failures map to key statuses", async () => {
+  assert.deepEqual(
+    (await validateWithReply({ kind: "http_error", status: 401, message: "Incorrect API key" }))
+      .result,
+    { openaiApiKeyStatus: "invalid", openaiApiKeyMessage: "OpenAI rejected this API key." },
   );
-  assert.deepEqual(invalidResult, {
-    openaiApiKeyStatus: "invalid",
-    openaiApiKeyMessage: "OpenAI rejected this API key.",
-  });
-
-  const restrictedResult = await validateOpenAiApiKeyForSettingsWithReachability(
-    "sk-restricted-test-key-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz",
-    async () => {
-      const error = new Error("forbidden") as Error & { status: number };
-      error.status = 403;
-      throw error;
+  assert.deepEqual(
+    (await validateWithReply({ kind: "http_error", status: 403, message: "Forbidden" })).result,
+    {
+      openaiApiKeyStatus: "authenticated_restricted",
+      openaiApiKeyMessage:
+        "OpenAI authenticated this key, but access is restricted for validation checks.",
     },
   );
-  assert.deepEqual(restrictedResult, {
-    openaiApiKeyStatus: "authenticated_restricted",
+});
+
+test("other OpenAI rejections are reported with OpenAI's explanation", async () => {
+  const { result } = await validateWithReply({
+    kind: "http_error",
+    status: 404,
+    message: "The model `gpt-6.1-sol` does not exist or you do not have access to it.",
+  });
+  assert.deepEqual(result, {
+    openaiApiKeyStatus: "error",
     openaiApiKeyMessage:
-      "OpenAI authenticated this key, but access is restricted for validation checks.",
+      "404 The model `gpt-6.1-sol` does not exist or you do not have access to it.",
   });
 });
 
-test("validateOpenAiApiKeyForSettingsWithReachability handles timeout and generic failures", async () => {
-  const timeoutResult = await validateOpenAiApiKeyForSettingsWithReachability(
-    "sk-timeout-test-key-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz",
-    async () => {
-      const error = new Error("timed out");
-      error.name = "AbortError";
-      throw error;
-    },
-  );
-  assert.deepEqual(timeoutResult, {
+test("a probe that times out reports the timeout", async () => {
+  const { result } = await validateWithReply({ kind: "hang" }, 20);
+  assert.deepEqual(result, {
     openaiApiKeyStatus: "error",
     openaiApiKeyMessage:
       "OpenAI key validation timed out. Confirm outbound network access and retry.",
   });
+});
 
-  const genericResult = await validateOpenAiApiKeyForSettingsWithReachability(
-    "sk-generic-test-key-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz",
-    async () => {
-      throw new Error("network is blocked");
-    },
-  );
-  assert.deepEqual(genericResult, {
+test("a probe response that failed server-side is not a valid key", async () => {
+  const { result } = await validateWithReply({
+    kind: "response",
+    response: makeResponse({ id: "resp_probe", status: "failed", output: [] }),
+  });
+  assert.deepEqual(result, {
     openaiApiKeyStatus: "error",
-    openaiApiKeyMessage: "network is blocked",
+    openaiApiKeyMessage: "OpenAI probe response resp_probe ended with status failed",
   });
 });
diff --git a/src/typescript/api/test/unit/openai-response-audit.test.ts b/src/typescript/api/test/unit/openai-response-audit.test.ts
index a07ec7c..0f20f01 100644
--- a/src/typescript/api/test/unit/openai-response-audit.test.ts
+++ b/src/typescript/api/test/unit/openai-response-audit.test.ts
@@ -1,796 +1,194 @@
 import assert from "node:assert/strict";
 import { test } from "node:test";
+import OpenAI from "openai";
 import {
-  sanitizeJsonValue,
-  sanitizeJsonRecord,
-  describeJsonValueType,
-  requireJsonObject,
-  readString,
-  readOptionalInteger,
-  readIncompleteReason,
-  parseTimestamp,
-  findTimestamp,
-  extractRequestedTools,
-  extractOutputItems,
-  extractOutputTextArtifacts,
-  extractReasoningSummaries,
-  extractToolCalls,
-  extractUsage,
-  extractResponseAudit,
-  offsetResponseAuditIndices,
-  aggregateUsage,
-  mergeResponseAudits,
+  INVESTIGATION_REQUEST_CONFIG,
+  buildFactCheckRequestParams,
+  buildFactCheckTools,
+} from "../../src/lib/investigators/openai-request-config.js";
+import {
+  auditRequest,
+  auditResponse,
   buildErrorAudit,
-  requireCompletedOutputText,
 } from "../../src/lib/investigators/openai-response-audit.js";
-import { InvestigatorStructuredOutputError } from "../../src/lib/investigators/openai.js";
-import type { InvestigatorResponseAudit } from "../../src/lib/investigators/interface.js";
-
-// --- sanitizeJsonValue ---
-
-test("sanitizeJsonValue preserves primitives and null", () => {
-  assert.equal(sanitizeJsonValue("hello"), "hello");
-  assert.equal(sanitizeJsonValue(42), 42);
-  assert.equal(sanitizeJsonValue(true), true);
-  assert.equal(sanitizeJsonValue(null), null);
-});
-
-test("sanitizeJsonValue sanitizes arrays recursively", () => {
-  assert.deepStrictEqual(sanitizeJsonValue([1, "two", null]), [1, "two", null]);
-});
-
-test("sanitizeJsonValue sanitizes objects recursively", () => {
-  assert.deepStrictEqual(sanitizeJsonValue({ a: 1, b: "x" }), { a: 1, b: "x" });
-});
-
-test("sanitizeJsonValue converts bigint to string", () => {
-  assert.equal(sanitizeJsonValue(123n), "123");
-});
-
-test("sanitizeJsonValue converts symbol to description", () => {
-  assert.equal(sanitizeJsonValue(Symbol("test")), "test");
-});
-
-test("sanitizeJsonValue converts function to placeholder", () => {
-  assert.equal(
-    sanitizeJsonValue(() => {}),
-    "[function]",
-  );
-});
-
-test("sanitizeJsonValue truncates at max depth", () => {
-  assert.equal(sanitizeJsonValue({ nested: true }, 9), "[max-depth]");
-});
-
-test("sanitizeJsonValue returns [unsupported] for undefined", () => {
-  assert.equal(sanitizeJsonValue(undefined), "[unsupported]");
-});
-
-// --- sanitizeJsonRecord ---
-
-test("sanitizeJsonRecord sanitizes object entries", () => {
-  const result = sanitizeJsonRecord({ a: 1, b: "two" });
-  assert.deepStrictEqual(result, { a: 1, b: "two" });
-});
-
-test("sanitizeJsonRecord throws for non-object input", () => {
-  assert.throws(() => sanitizeJsonRecord("not an object"), InvestigatorStructuredOutputError);
-});
-
-// --- describeJsonValueType ---
-
-test("describeJsonValueType returns correct types", () => {
-  assert.equal(describeJsonValueType(null), "null");
-  assert.equal(describeJsonValueType([]), "array");
-  assert.equal(describeJsonValueType({}), "object");
-  assert.equal(describeJsonValueType("str"), "string");
-  assert.equal(describeJsonValueType(42), "number");
-  assert.equal(describeJsonValueType(true), "boolean");
-});
-
-// --- requireJsonObject ---
-
-test("requireJsonObject returns object for valid input", () => {
-  const obj = { a: 1 };
-  assert.deepStrictEqual(requireJsonObject(obj, "test"), obj);
-});
-
-test("requireJsonObject throws for null", () => {
-  assert.throws(
-    () => requireJsonObject(null, "test"),
-    (error: unknown) =>
-      error instanceof InvestigatorStructuredOutputError && error.message.includes("null"),
-  );
-});
-
-test("requireJsonObject throws for array", () => {
-  assert.throws(
-    () => requireJsonObject([], "test"),
-    (error: unknown) =>
-      error instanceof InvestigatorStructuredOutputError && error.message.includes("array"),
-  );
-});
-
-// --- requireCompletedOutputText ---
-
-test("requireCompletedOutputText throws when output text is null", () => {
-  assert.throws(
-    () =>
-      requireCompletedOutputText({
-        responseAudit: makeEmptyResponseAudit({ responseOutputText: null }),
-        responseRecord: {},
-        context: "Test",
-      }),
-    InvestigatorStructuredOutputError,
-  );
-});
-
-test("requireCompletedOutputText throws when output text is empty", () => {
-  assert.throws(
-    () =>
-      requireCompletedOutputText({
-        responseAudit: makeEmptyResponseAudit({ responseOutputText: "   " }),
-        responseRecord: {},
-        context: "Test",
-      }),
-    InvestigatorStructuredOutputError,
-  );
-});
-
-test("requireCompletedOutputText returns output text when present", () => {
-  const text = requireCompletedOutputText({
-    responseAudit: makeEmptyResponseAudit({ responseOutputText: '{"claims":[]}' }),
-    responseRecord: {},
-    context: "Test",
-  });
-  assert.equal(text, '{"claims":[]}');
-});
-
-// --- readString / readOptionalInteger ---
-
-test("readString returns string for string input", () => {
-  assert.equal(readString("hello"), "hello");
-});
-
-test("readString returns null for non-string input", () => {
-  assert.equal(readString(42), null);
-  assert.equal(readString(null), null);
-  assert.equal(readString(undefined), null);
-});
-
-test("readOptionalInteger returns integer for integer input", () => {
-  assert.equal(readOptionalInteger(42), 42);
-});
-
-test("readOptionalInteger returns null for non-integer", () => {
-  assert.equal(readOptionalInteger(3.14), null);
-  assert.equal(readOptionalInteger("42"), null);
-  assert.equal(readOptionalInteger(null), null);
-});
-
-// --- readIncompleteReason ---
-
-test("readIncompleteReason extracts reason from incomplete_details", () => {
-  const record = { incomplete_details: { reason: "max_output_tokens" } };
-  assert.equal(readIncompleteReason(record), "max_output_tokens");
-});
-
-test("readIncompleteReason returns null when incomplete_details is missing", () => {
-  assert.equal(readIncompleteReason({}), null);
-});
-
-test("readIncompleteReason returns null when reason is not a string", () => {
-  assert.equal(readIncompleteReason({ incomplete_details: { reason: 42 } }), null);
-});
-
-// --- buildErrorAudit ---
-
-test("buildErrorAudit handles Error instance", () => {
-  const error = new TypeError("bad type");
-  const audit = buildErrorAudit(error);
-  assert.equal(audit.errorName, "TypeError");
-  assert.equal(audit.errorMessage, "bad type");
-  assert.equal(audit.statusCode, null);
-});
-
-test("buildErrorAudit handles string error", () => {
-  const audit = buildErrorAudit("string error");
-  assert.equal(audit.errorName, "UnknownError");
-  assert.equal(audit.errorMessage, "string error");
-});
-
-test("buildErrorAudit handles unknown value", () => {
-  const audit = buildErrorAudit(42);
-  assert.equal(audit.errorName, "UnknownError");
-  assert.equal(audit.errorMessage, "unknown");
-});
-
-test("buildErrorAudit reads status from error with status property", () => {
-  const error = Object.assign(new Error("api error"), { status: 429 });
-  const audit = buildErrorAudit(error);
-  assert.equal(audit.statusCode, 429);
-});
-
-// --- parseTimestamp ---
-
-test("parseTimestamp parses unix seconds", () => {
-  const result = parseTimestamp(1700000000);
-  assert.ok(result !== null);
-  assert.ok(result.includes("2023-11-14"));
-});
-
-test("parseTimestamp parses unix milliseconds", () => {
-  const result = parseTimestamp(1700000000000);
-  assert.ok(result !== null);
-  assert.ok(result.includes("2023-11-14"));
-});
-
-test("parseTimestamp parses ISO string", () => {
-  const result = parseTimestamp("2024-01-15T10:30:00Z");
-  assert.ok(result !== null);
-  assert.ok(result.includes("2024-01-15"));
-});
-
-test("parseTimestamp returns null for empty string", () => {
-  assert.equal(parseTimestamp("  "), null);
-});
-
-test("parseTimestamp returns null for non-numeric non-string", () => {
-  assert.equal(parseTimestamp(null), null);
-  assert.equal(parseTimestamp(undefined), null);
-  assert.equal(parseTimestamp(true), null);
-});
-
-test("parseTimestamp returns null for invalid date string", () => {
-  assert.equal(parseTimestamp("not-a-date"), null);
-});
-
-test("parseTimestamp returns null for NaN", () => {
-  assert.equal(parseTimestamp(NaN), null);
-});
-
-test("parseTimestamp returns null for Infinity", () => {
-  assert.equal(parseTimestamp(Infinity), null);
-});
-
-// --- findTimestamp ---
-
-test("findTimestamp finds timestamp at matching key", () => {
-  const value = { created_at: 1700000000 };
-  const result = findTimestamp(value, new Set(["created_at"]));
-  assert.ok(result !== null);
-});
-
-test("findTimestamp finds nested timestamp", () => {
-  const value = { outer: { inner: { started_at: "2024-01-01T00:00:00Z" } } };
-  const result = findTimestamp(value, new Set(["started_at"]));
-  assert.ok(result !== null);
-});
-
-test("findTimestamp returns null when no match", () => {
-  const result = findTimestamp({ foo: "bar" }, new Set(["started_at"]));
-  assert.equal(result, null);
-});
-
-test("findTimestamp respects max depth", () => {
-  const value = { a: { b: { c: { d: { e: { f: { g: { started_at: 1700000000 } } } } } } } };
-  const result = findTimestamp(value, new Set(["started_at"]));
-  assert.equal(result, null);
-});
-
-test("findTimestamp searches arrays", () => {
-  const value = [{ started_at: 1700000000 }];
-  const result = findTimestamp(value, new Set(["started_at"]));
-  assert.ok(result !== null);
-});
-
-// --- extractRequestedTools ---
-
-test("extractRequestedTools extracts tools from array", () => {
-  const tools = [{ type: "web_search_preview" }, { type: "function", name: "fetch_url" }];
-  const result = extractRequestedTools(tools);
-  assert.equal(result.length, 2);
-  assert.ok(result[0]);
-  assert.equal(result[0].requestOrder, 0);
-  assert.equal(result[0].toolType, "web_search_preview");
-  assert.ok(result[1]);
-  assert.equal(result[1].requestOrder, 1);
-  assert.equal(result[1].toolType, "function");
-});
-
-test("extractRequestedTools returns empty for non-array", () => {
-  assert.deepStrictEqual(extractRequestedTools(null), []);
-  assert.deepStrictEqual(extractRequestedTools(undefined), []);
-});
-
-test("extractRequestedTools skips non-object entries", () => {
-  const tools = ["not-an-object", { type: "function" }];
-  const result = extractRequestedTools(tools);
-  assert.equal(result.length, 1);
-});
-
-// --- extractOutputItems ---
-
-test("extractOutputItems extracts items with id and status", () => {
-  const items = [
-    { type: "message", id: "msg-1", status: "completed" },
-    { type: "function_call", id: "fc-1", status: "completed" },
-  ];
-  const result = extractOutputItems(items);
-  assert.equal(result.length, 2);
-  assert.ok(result[0]);
-  assert.equal(result[0].providerItemId, "msg-1");
-  assert.equal(result[0].itemStatus, "completed");
-});
-
-test("extractOutputItems handles missing id by nulling both id and status", () => {
-  const items = [{ type: "message", status: "completed" }];
-  const result = extractOutputItems(items);
-  assert.ok(result[0]);
-  assert.equal(result[0].providerItemId, null);
-  assert.equal(result[0].itemStatus, null);
-});
-
-test("extractOutputItems handles non-object entries", () => {
-  const items = ["not-an-object"];
-  const result = extractOutputItems(items);
-  assert.ok(result[0]);
-  assert.equal(result[0].itemType, "unknown");
-  assert.equal(result[0].providerItemId, null);
-});
-
-// --- extractOutputTextArtifacts ---
-
-test("extractOutputTextArtifacts extracts text parts from message output", () => {
-  const items = [
-    {
-      type: "message",
-      content: [{ type: "output_text", text: "Hello world" }],
-    },
-  ];
-  const { parts, annotations } = extractOutputTextArtifacts(items);
-  assert.equal(parts.length, 1);
-  assert.ok(parts[0]);
-  assert.equal(parts[0].text, "Hello world");
-  assert.equal(annotations.length, 0);
-});
-
-test("extractOutputTextArtifacts extracts annotations", () => {
-  const items = [
-    {
-      type: "message",
-      content: [
+import { makeResponse, makeWebSearch } from "../helpers/fake-openai.js";
+
+const RECEIVED_AT = new Date("2026-10-02T12:00:00.000Z");
+
+test("auditResponse nests text parts, citations, summaries and tool payloads under their items", () => {
+  const webSearch = makeWebSearch("ws_1", "moon distance", ["https://nasa.gov/moon"]);
+  const audit = auditResponse(
+    makeResponse({
+      id: "resp_1",
+      model: "gpt-6.1-sol-2026-09-01",
+      output: [
+        // Reasoning items carry an id but no status; the id is still recorded.
+        { type: "reasoning", id: "rs_1", summary: [{ type: "summary_text", text: "Plan." }] },
+        webSearch,
+        {
+          type: "function_call",
+          call_id: "call-1",
+          name: "fetch_url",
+          arguments: "{}",
+        },
         {
-          type: "output_text",
-          text: "See [link]",
-          annotations: [
+          type: "message",
+          id: "msg_1",
+          role: "assistant",
+          status: "completed",
+          content: [
             {
-              type: "url_citation",
-              start_index: 4,
-              end_index: 10,
-              url: "https://example.com",
-              title: "Example",
+              type: "output_text",
+              text: "The moon is far.",
+              annotations: [
+                {
+                  type: "url_citation",
+                  start_index: 0,
+                  end_index: 16,
+                  url: "https://nasa.gov/moon",
+                  title: "Moon",
+                },
+              ],
             },
+            { type: "refusal", refusal: "No." },
           ],
         },
       ],
-    },
-  ];
-  const { parts, annotations } = extractOutputTextArtifacts(items);
-  assert.equal(parts.length, 1);
-  assert.equal(annotations.length, 1);
-  assert.ok(annotations[0]);
-  assert.equal(annotations[0].url, "https://example.com");
-  assert.deepStrictEqual(annotations[0].characterPosition, { start: 4, end: 10 });
-});
+    }),
+    RECEIVED_AT,
+  );
 
-test("extractOutputTextArtifacts extracts refusal parts", () => {
-  const items = [
+  assert.equal(audit.providerResponseId, "resp_1");
+  assert.equal(audit.modelVersion, "gpt-6.1-sol-2026-09-01");
+  assert.equal(audit.status, "completed");
+  assert.equal(audit.receivedAt, RECEIVED_AT);
+  assert.deepEqual(audit.outputItems, [
     {
-      type: "message",
-      content: [{ type: "refusal", refusal: "I cannot help with that" }],
+      providerItemId: "rs_1",
+      itemType: "reasoning",
+      itemStatus: null,
+      content: { kind: "REASONING", summaries: ["Plan."] },
     },
-  ];
-  const { parts } = extractOutputTextArtifacts(items);
-  assert.equal(parts.length, 1);
-  assert.ok(parts[0]);
-  assert.equal(parts[0].partType, "refusal");
-  assert.equal(parts[0].text, "I cannot help with that");
-});
-
-test("extractOutputTextArtifacts skips non-message output items", () => {
-  const items = [{ type: "reasoning", summary: [] }, { type: "function_call" }];
-  const { parts } = extractOutputTextArtifacts(items);
-  assert.equal(parts.length, 0);
-});
-
-// --- extractReasoningSummaries ---
-
-test("extractReasoningSummaries extracts summaries from reasoning items", () => {
-  const items = [
     {
-      type: "reasoning",
-      summary: [{ text: "Step 1 reasoning" }, { text: "Step 2 reasoning" }],
+      providerItemId: "ws_1",
+      itemType: "web_search_call",
+      itemStatus: "completed",
+      content: { kind: "TOOL_CALL", rawPayload: JSON.parse(JSON.stringify(webSearch)) },
     },
-  ];
-  const result = extractReasoningSummaries(items);
-  assert.equal(result.length, 2);
-  assert.ok(result[0]);
-  assert.equal(result[0].text, "Step 1 reasoning");
-  assert.ok(result[1]);
-  assert.equal(result[1].summaryIndex, 1);
-});
-
-test("extractReasoningSummaries skips empty text", () => {
-  const items = [
     {
-      type: "reasoning",
-      summary: [{ text: "" }, { text: "valid" }],
-    },
-  ];
-  const result = extractReasoningSummaries(items);
-  assert.equal(result.length, 1);
-});
-
-// --- extractToolCalls ---
-
-test("extractToolCalls extracts function_call items", () => {
-  const items = [
-    { type: "message", id: "msg-1", status: "completed" },
-    {
-      type: "function_call",
-      id: "fc-1",
-      status: "completed",
-      started_at: 1700000000,
-      completed_at: 1700000001,
-    },
-  ];
-  const result = extractToolCalls(items);
-  assert.equal(result.length, 1);
-  assert.ok(result[0]);
-  assert.equal(result[0].toolType, "function_call");
-  assert.equal(result[0].providerToolCallId, "fc-1");
-});
-
-test("extractToolCalls skips message and reasoning types", () => {
-  const items = [
-    { type: "message", id: "msg-1", status: "completed" },
-    { type: "reasoning", id: "r-1", status: "completed" },
-  ];
-  const result = extractToolCalls(items);
-  assert.equal(result.length, 0);
-});
-
-// --- extractUsage ---
-
-test("extractUsage extracts usage data", () => {
-  const record = {
-    usage: {
-      input_tokens: 100,
-      output_tokens: 50,
-      total_tokens: 150,
-      input_tokens_details: { cached_tokens: 20 },
-      output_tokens_details: { reasoning_tokens: 10 },
-    },
-  };
-  const result = extractUsage(record);
-  assert.ok(result !== null);
-  assert.equal(result.inputTokens, 100);
-  assert.equal(result.outputTokens, 50);
-  assert.equal(result.totalTokens, 150);
-  assert.equal(result.cachedInputTokens, 20);
-  assert.equal(result.reasoningOutputTokens, 10);
-});
-
-test("extractUsage returns null when usage is missing", () => {
-  assert.equal(extractUsage({}), null);
-});
-
-test("extractUsage returns null when required token fields are missing", () => {
-  assert.equal(extractUsage({ usage: { input_tokens: 100 } }), null);
-});
-
-// --- extractResponseAudit ---
-
-test("extractResponseAudit extracts a complete audit from response record", () => {
-  const record = {
-    id: "resp-123",
-    status: "completed",
-    model: "gpt-4o-2024-08-06",
-    output_text: '{"claims":[]}',
-    output: [
-      {
-        type: "message",
-        id: "msg-1",
-        status: "completed",
-        content: [{ type: "output_text", text: '{"claims":[]}' }],
-      },
-    ],
-    usage: { input_tokens: 10, output_tokens: 5, total_tokens: 15 },
-  };
-  const audit = extractResponseAudit(record);
-  assert.equal(audit.responseId, "resp-123");
-  assert.equal(audit.responseStatus, "completed");
-  assert.equal(audit.responseModelVersion, "gpt-4o-2024-08-06");
-  assert.equal(audit.outputItems.length, 1);
-  assert.equal(audit.outputTextParts.length, 1);
-  assert.ok(audit.usage !== null);
-});
-
-test("extractResponseAudit handles empty response record", () => {
-  const audit = extractResponseAudit({});
-  assert.equal(audit.responseId, null);
-  assert.equal(audit.responseStatus, null);
-  assert.equal(audit.outputItems.length, 0);
-  assert.equal(audit.usage, null);
-});
-
-// --- offsetResponseAuditIndices ---
-
-test("offsetResponseAuditIndices returns same audit when offset is 0", () => {
-  const audit = makeEmptyResponseAudit();
-  assert.strictEqual(offsetResponseAuditIndices(audit, 0), audit);
-});
-
-test("offsetResponseAuditIndices offsets all index fields", () => {
-  const audit: InvestigatorResponseAudit = {
-    ...makeEmptyResponseAudit(),
-    outputItems: [{ outputIndex: 0, providerItemId: null, itemType: "message", itemStatus: null }],
-    outputTextParts: [{ outputIndex: 0, partIndex: 0, partType: "output_text", text: "hello" }],
-    outputTextAnnotations: [
-      {
-        outputIndex: 0,
-        partIndex: 0,
-        annotationIndex: 0,
-        annotationType: "url_citation",
-        url: null,
-        title: null,
-        fileId: null,
-      },
-    ],
-    reasoningSummaries: [{ outputIndex: 0, summaryIndex: 0, text: "reasoning" }],
-    toolCalls: [
-      {
-        outputIndex: 0,
-        providerToolCallId: null,
-        toolType: "function_call",
-        status: null,
-        rawPayload: {},
-        capturedAt: new Date().toISOString(),
-        providerStartedAt: null,
-        providerCompletedAt: null,
+      providerItemId: null,
+      itemType: "function_call",
+      itemStatus: null,
+      content: {
+        kind: "TOOL_CALL",
+        rawPayload: {
+          type: "function_call",
+          call_id: "call-1",
+          name: "fetch_url",
+          arguments: "{}",
+        },
       },
-    ],
-  };
-
-  const offset = offsetResponseAuditIndices(audit, 5);
-  assert.ok(offset.outputItems[0]);
-  assert.equal(offset.outputItems[0].outputIndex, 5);
-  assert.ok(offset.outputTextParts[0]);
-  assert.equal(offset.outputTextParts[0].outputIndex, 5);
-  assert.ok(offset.outputTextAnnotations[0]);
-  assert.equal(offset.outputTextAnnotations[0].outputIndex, 5);
-  assert.ok(offset.reasoningSummaries[0]);
-  assert.equal(offset.reasoningSummaries[0].outputIndex, 5);
-  assert.ok(offset.toolCalls[0]);
-  assert.equal(offset.toolCalls[0].outputIndex, 5);
-});
-
-// --- aggregateUsage ---
-
-test("aggregateUsage returns null for empty array", () => {
-  assert.equal(aggregateUsage([]), null);
-});
-
-test("aggregateUsage returns null for all-null array", () => {
-  assert.equal(aggregateUsage([null, null]), null);
-});
-
-test("aggregateUsage sums token counts", () => {
-  const result = aggregateUsage([
-    {
-      inputTokens: 10,
-      outputTokens: 5,
-      totalTokens: 15,
-      cachedInputTokens: 2,
-      reasoningOutputTokens: 1,
     },
     {
-      inputTokens: 20,
-      outputTokens: 10,
-      totalTokens: 30,
-      cachedInputTokens: 3,
-      reasoningOutputTokens: null,
+      providerItemId: "msg_1",
+      itemType: "message",
+      itemStatus: "completed",
+      content: {
+        kind: "MESSAGE",
+        textParts: [
+          {
+            partType: "output_text",
+            text: "The moon is far.",
+            annotations: [
+              {
+                annotationType: "url_citation",
+                startIndex: 0,
+                endIndex: 16,
+                url: "https://nasa.gov/moon",
+                title: "Moon",
+                fileId: null,
+              },
+            ],
+          },
+          { partType: "refusal", text: "No.", annotations: [] },
+        ],
+      },
     },
   ]);
-  assert.ok(result !== null);
-  assert.equal(result.inputTokens, 30);
-  assert.equal(result.outputTokens, 15);
-  assert.equal(result.totalTokens, 45);
-  assert.equal(result.cachedInputTokens, 5);
-  assert.equal(result.reasoningOutputTokens, 1);
+  assert.deepEqual(audit.usage, {
+    inputTokens: 100,
+    outputTokens: 50,
+    totalTokens: 150,
+    cachedInputTokens: 10,
+    reasoningOutputTokens: 20,
+  });
 });
 
-// --- mergeResponseAudits ---
-
-test("mergeResponseAudits throws for empty array", () => {
-  assert.throws(() => mergeResponseAudits([]), /Cannot merge empty response audits/);
+test("auditResponse records a missing status and missing usage as null", () => {
+  const {
+    usage: _usage,
+    status: _status,
+    ...withoutUsageOrStatus
+  } = makeResponse({ id: "resp_1", output: [] });
+  const audit = auditResponse(withoutUsageOrStatus, RECEIVED_AT);
+  assert.equal(audit.status, null);
+  assert.equal(audit.usage, null);
 });
 
-test("mergeResponseAudits uses final audit metadata and flattens arrays", () => {
-  const audit1 = makeEmptyResponseAudit({
-    responseId: "resp-1",
-    responseStatus: "completed",
-    responseModelVersion: "model-1",
-  });
-  audit1.outputItems = [
-    { outputIndex: 0, providerItemId: null, itemType: "message", itemStatus: null },
-  ];
-  audit1.usage = {
-    inputTokens: 10,
-    outputTokens: 5,
-    totalTokens: 15,
-    cachedInputTokens: null,
-    reasoningOutputTokens: null,
-  };
-
-  const audit2 = makeEmptyResponseAudit({
-    responseId: "resp-2",
-    responseStatus: "completed",
-    responseModelVersion: "model-2",
+test("auditRequest records the request as sent, with the audit form of its input", () => {
+  const params = buildFactCheckRequestParams(INVESTIGATION_REQUEST_CONFIG, {
+    instructions: "instructions",
+    tools: buildFactCheckTools(null),
+    input: [
+      { role: "user", content: [{ type: "input_image", detail: "auto", image_url: "data:x" }] },
+    ],
+    previousResponseId: "resp_0",
   });
-  audit2.outputItems = [
-    { outputIndex: 1, providerItemId: null, itemType: "function_call", itemStatus: null },
-  ];
-  audit2.usage = {
-    inputTokens: 20,
-    outputTokens: 10,
-    totalTokens: 30,
-    cachedInputTokens: null,
-    reasoningOutputTokens: null,
-  };
-
-  const merged = mergeResponseAudits([audit1, audit2]);
-  assert.equal(merged.responseId, "resp-2");
-  assert.equal(merged.responseModelVersion, "model-2");
-  assert.equal(merged.outputItems.length, 2);
-  assert.ok(merged.usage !== null);
-  assert.equal(merged.usage.inputTokens, 30);
-});
-
-// --- offset + merge pipeline (multi-round global index uniqueness) ---
-// The investigation pipeline calls offsetResponseAuditIndices on each API round
-// with a cumulative offset equal to the running total of output items from prior
-// rounds, then merges all audits. If the offset is computed incorrectly (e.g.
-// off-by-one, uses wrong count), outputIndex values will collide across rounds,
-// corrupting the audit trail.
-
-test("offset + merge pipeline produces globally unique outputIndex values across rounds", () => {
-  // Simulate a 3-round tool loop where each round has different output sizes.
-  const round1 = makeEmptyResponseAudit({ responseId: "resp-round-1" });
-  round1.outputItems = [
-    { outputIndex: 0, providerItemId: "msg-1", itemType: "message", itemStatus: "completed" },
-    { outputIndex: 1, providerItemId: "fc-1", itemType: "function_call", itemStatus: "completed" },
-    { outputIndex: 2, providerItemId: "fc-2", itemType: "function_call", itemStatus: "completed" },
-  ];
-  round1.toolCalls = [
-    {
-      outputIndex: 1,
-      providerToolCallId: "fc-1",
-      toolType: "function_call",
-      status: "completed",
-      rawPayload: {},
-      capturedAt: new Date().toISOString(),
-      providerStartedAt: null,
-      providerCompletedAt: null,
-    },
-    {
-      outputIndex: 2,
-      providerToolCallId: "fc-2",
-      toolType: "function_call",
-      status: "completed",
-      rawPayload: {},
-      capturedAt: new Date().toISOString(),
-      providerStartedAt: null,
-      providerCompletedAt: null,
-    },
-  ];
-  round1.outputTextParts = [
-    { outputIndex: 0, partIndex: 0, partType: "output_text", text: "round 1 text" },
-  ];
-
-  const round2 = makeEmptyResponseAudit({ responseId: "resp-round-2" });
-  round2.outputItems = [
-    { outputIndex: 0, providerItemId: "msg-2", itemType: "message", itemStatus: "completed" },
-    {
-      outputIndex: 1,
-      providerItemId: "ws-1",
-      itemType: "web_search_call",
-      itemStatus: "completed",
-    },
-  ];
-  round2.toolCalls = [
-    {
-      outputIndex: 1,
-      providerToolCallId: "ws-1",
-      toolType: "web_search_call",
-      status: "completed",
-      rawPayload: {},
-      capturedAt: new Date().toISOString(),
-      providerStartedAt: null,
-      providerCompletedAt: null,
-    },
+  const auditInput = [
+    { role: "user", content: [{ type: "input_image", detail: "auto", imageContentHash: "h" }] },
   ];
 
-  const round3 = makeEmptyResponseAudit({
-    responseId: "resp-round-3",
-    responseStatus: "completed",
+  const audit = auditRequest({
+    subject: { kind: "FACT_CHECK_ROUND", round: 1 },
+    params,
+    auditInput,
+    response: null,
   });
-  round3.outputItems = [
-    { outputIndex: 0, providerItemId: "msg-3", itemType: "message", itemStatus: "completed" },
-  ];
-  round3.outputTextParts = [
-    { outputIndex: 0, partIndex: 0, partType: "output_text", text: "final result" },
-  ];
-
-  // Apply cumulative offsets (same pattern as openai.ts investigate loop).
-  let offset = 0;
-  const offsetRound1 = offsetResponseAuditIndices(round1, offset);
-  offset += round1.outputItems.length; // offset = 3
-
-  const offsetRound2 = offsetResponseAuditIndices(round2, offset);
-  offset += round2.outputItems.length; // offset = 5
-
-  const offsetRound3 = offsetResponseAuditIndices(round3, offset);
-
-  const merged = mergeResponseAudits([offsetRound1, offsetRound2, offsetRound3]);
 
-  // All indices must be unique — no collisions between rounds.
-  // Note: some indices may repeat across sub-record types within the same round
-  // (e.g. outputItems[0] and outputTextParts[0] share outputIndex=0 because
-  // they refer to the same output item). The invariant is that the SAME
-  // sub-record type has no duplicate indices after merge.
-  const outputItemIndices = merged.outputItems.map((item) => item.outputIndex);
-  assert.equal(
-    new Set(outputItemIndices).size,
-    outputItemIndices.length,
-    "outputItems must have unique outputIndex values after offset + merge",
-  );
-
-  const toolCallIndices = merged.toolCalls.map((call) => call.outputIndex);
-  assert.equal(
-    new Set(toolCallIndices).size,
-    toolCallIndices.length,
-    "toolCalls must have unique outputIndex values after offset + merge",
+  assert.deepEqual(audit.subject, { kind: "FACT_CHECK_ROUND", round: 1 });
+  assert.equal(audit.model, "gpt-6.1-sol");
+  assert.equal(audit.instructions, "instructions");
+  assert.equal(audit.input, auditInput);
+  assert.equal(audit.previousResponseId, "resp_0");
+  assert.equal(audit.reasoningEffort, "medium");
+  assert.equal(audit.reasoningSummary, "detailed");
+  assert.deepEqual(audit.include, ["web_search_call.action.sources"]);
+  assert.deepEqual(
+    audit.tools.map((tool) => tool.toolType),
+    ["web_search", "function", "function"],
   );
+  assert.deepEqual(audit.tools[0]?.rawDefinition, { type: "web_search" });
+  assert.equal(audit.response, null);
+});
 
-  // Verify specific offset arithmetic: round 1 items at 0,1,2; round 2 at 3,4; round 3 at 5.
-  assert.deepStrictEqual(
-    merged.outputItems.map((item) => item.outputIndex),
-    [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5],
+test("buildErrorAudit records the HTTP status of OpenAI API errors only", () => {
+  const apiError = OpenAI.APIError.generate(
+    429,
+    { error: { message: "Rate limit reached" } },
+    undefined,
+    new Headers(),
   );
+  assert.deepEqual(buildErrorAudit(apiError), {
+    errorName: "RateLimitError",
+    errorMessage: "429 Rate limit reached",
+    statusCode: 429,
+  });
 
-  // Metadata comes from the final audit.
-  assert.equal(merged.responseId, "resp-round-3");
-  assert.equal(merged.responseStatus, "completed");
+  const lookalike = Object.assign(new Error("not from OpenAI"), { status: 401 });
+  assert.equal(buildErrorAudit(lookalike).statusCode, null);
+  assert.deepEqual(buildErrorAudit("plain string"), {
+    errorName: "UnknownError",
+    errorMessage: "plain string",
+    statusCode: null,
+  });
 });
-
-// --- helpers ---
-
-function makeEmptyResponseAudit(
-  overrides?: Partial<InvestigatorResponseAudit>,
-): InvestigatorResponseAudit {
-  return {
-    responseId: null,
-    responseStatus: null,
-    responseModelVersion: null,
-    responseOutputText: null,
-    outputItems: [],
-    outputTextParts: [],
-    outputTextAnnotations: [],
-    reasoningSummaries: [],
-    toolCalls: [],
-    usage: null,
-    ...overrides,
-  };
-}
diff --git a/src/typescript/api/test/unit/openai-schemas.test.ts b/src/typescript/api/test/unit/openai-schemas.test.ts
deleted file mode 100644
index 94f78c5..0000000
--- a/src/typescript/api/test/unit/openai-schemas.test.ts
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,64 +0,0 @@
-import assert from "node:assert/strict";
-import { test } from "node:test";
-import { ZodError } from "zod";
-import {
-  claimValidationResultSchema,
-  providerStructuredSourceUrlSchema,
-  providerStructuredInvestigationClaimPayloadSchema,
-} from "../../src/lib/investigators/openai-schemas.js";
-
-test("claimValidationResultSchema accepts { approved: true }", () => {
-  const result = claimValidationResultSchema.parse({ approved: true });
-  assert.deepStrictEqual(result, { approved: true });
-});
-
-test("claimValidationResultSchema accepts { approved: false }", () => {
-  const result = claimValidationResultSchema.parse({ approved: false });
-  assert.deepStrictEqual(result, { approved: false });
-});
-
-test("claimValidationResultSchema rejects extra keys (strict mode)", () => {
-  assert.throws(
-    () => claimValidationResultSchema.parse({ approved: true, extra: "nope" }),
-    ZodError,
-  );
-});
-
-test("providerStructuredSourceUrlSchema accepts valid http url", () => {
-  const url = providerStructuredSourceUrlSchema.parse("https://example.com/page");
-  assert.equal(url, "https://example.com/page");
-});
-
-test("providerStructuredSourceUrlSchema rejects non-http url", () => {
-  assert.throws(() => providerStructuredSourceUrlSchema.parse("ftp://example.com"), ZodError);
-});
-
-test("providerStructuredSourceUrlSchema rejects empty string", () => {
-  assert.throws(() => providerStructuredSourceUrlSchema.parse(""), ZodError);
-});
-
-test("providerStructuredInvestigationClaimPayloadSchema accepts valid claim", () => {
-  const claim = providerStructuredInvestigationClaimPayloadSchema.parse({
-    text: "claim text",
-    context: "claim context",
-    summary: "summary",
-    reasoning: "reasoning",
-    sources: [{ url: "https://example.com", title: "Title", snippet: "Snippet" }],
-  });
-  assert.equal(claim.text, "claim text");
-  assert.equal(claim.sources.length, 1);
-});
-
-test("providerStructuredInvestigationClaimPayloadSchema rejects empty sources", () => {
-  assert.throws(
-    () =>
-      providerStructuredInvestigationClaimPayloadSchema.parse({
-        text: "claim text",
-        context: "claim context",
-        summary: "summary",
-        reasoning: "reasoning",
-        sources: [],
-      }),
-    ZodError,
-  );
-});
diff --git a/src/typescript/api/test/unit/openai-tool-dispatch.test.ts b/src/typescript/api/test/unit/openai-tool-dispatch.test.ts
index 76cc061..42f03f1 100644
--- a/src/typescript/api/test/unit/openai-tool-dispatch.test.ts
+++ b/src/typescript/api/test/unit/openai-tool-dispatch.test.ts
@@ -1,111 +1,95 @@
 import assert from "node:assert/strict";
 import { test } from "node:test";
 import {
-  extractPendingFunctionToolCalls,
-  deduplicateFunctionToolCalls,
-  buildRetainCorrectionToolDefinition,
-  isClaimToolCall,
-  SUBMIT_CORRECTION_TOOL_NAME,
-  RETAIN_CORRECTION_TOOL_NAME,
+  buildFunctionCallOutput,
+  dispatchFunctionToolCalls,
+  executeFunctionToolCall,
+  extractFunctionToolCalls,
   type PendingFunctionToolCall,
 } from "../../src/lib/investigators/openai-tool-dispatch.js";
+import {
+  makeFunctionCall,
+  makeMessage,
+  makeReasoning,
+  makeResponse,
+  makeWebSearch,
+} from "../helpers/fake-openai.js";
 
-test("extractPendingFunctionToolCalls extracts valid function calls", () => {
-  const record = {
-    output: [
-      { type: "message", id: "msg-1", status: "completed" },
-      {
-        type: "function_call",
-        call_id: "call-1",
-        name: "fetch_url",
-        arguments: '{"url":"https://example.com"}',
-      },
-    ],
-  };
-  const calls = extractPendingFunctionToolCalls(record);
-  assert.equal(calls.length, 1);
-  assert.ok(calls[0]);
-  assert.equal(calls[0].callId, "call-1");
-  assert.equal(calls[0].name, "fetch_url");
-  assert.equal(calls[0].argumentsJson, '{"url":"https://example.com"}');
-});
-
-test("extractPendingFunctionToolCalls skips non-function_call items", () => {
-  const record = {
-    output: [{ type: "message", id: "msg-1", status: "completed" }, { type: "reasoning" }],
-  };
-  const calls = extractPendingFunctionToolCalls(record);
-  assert.equal(calls.length, 0);
-});
-
-test("extractPendingFunctionToolCalls skips entries missing required fields", () => {
-  const record = {
+test("extractFunctionToolCalls returns function calls in emission order and nothing else", () => {
+  const response = makeResponse({
+    id: "resp_1",
     output: [
-      { type: "function_call", call_id: "", name: "fetch_url", arguments: "{}" },
-      { type: "function_call", call_id: "call-2", name: "", arguments: "{}" },
-      { type: "function_call", call_id: "call-3", name: "fetch_url", arguments: null },
+      makeReasoning("rs_1", []),
+      makeFunctionCall("call-1", "fetch_url", { url: "https://example.com" }),
+      makeWebSearch("ws_1", "query", []),
+      makeMessage("msg_1", "text"),
+      makeFunctionCall("call-2", "submit_correction", { text: "x" }),
     ],
-  };
-  const calls = extractPendingFunctionToolCalls(record);
-  assert.equal(calls.length, 0);
-});
-
-test("extractPendingFunctionToolCalls handles missing output", () => {
-  assert.deepStrictEqual(extractPendingFunctionToolCalls({}), []);
-});
+  });
 
-test("extractPendingFunctionToolCalls handles non-array output", () => {
-  assert.deepStrictEqual(extractPendingFunctionToolCalls({ output: "not-array" }), []);
+  assert.deepEqual(extractFunctionToolCalls(response), [
+    { callId: "call-1", name: "fetch_url", argumentsJson: '{"url":"https://example.com"}' },
+    { callId: "call-2", name: "submit_correction", argumentsJson: '{"text":"x"}' },
+  ]);
 });
 
-test("deduplicateFunctionToolCalls removes duplicate callIds", () => {
+test("dispatchFunctionToolCalls routes each call and answers in call order", async () => {
   const calls: PendingFunctionToolCall[] = [
-    { callId: "call-1", name: "fetch_url", argumentsJson: '{"url":"a"}' },
-    { callId: "call-1", name: "fetch_url", argumentsJson: '{"url":"b"}' },
-    { callId: "call-2", name: "fetch_url", argumentsJson: '{"url":"c"}' },
+    { callId: "c1", name: "fetch_url", argumentsJson: "{}" },
+    { callId: "c2", name: "submit_correction", argumentsJson: "{}" },
+    { callId: "c3", name: "retain_correction", argumentsJson: "{}" },
+    { callId: "c4", name: "submit_correction", argumentsJson: "{}" },
   ];
-  const result = deduplicateFunctionToolCalls(calls);
-  assert.equal(result.length, 2);
-  assert.ok(result[0]);
-  assert.equal(result[0].callId, "call-1");
-  assert.equal(result[0].argumentsJson, '{"url":"a"}');
-  assert.ok(result[1]);
-  assert.equal(result[1].callId, "call-2");
-});
-
-test("deduplicateFunctionToolCalls handles empty array", () => {
-  assert.deepStrictEqual(deduplicateFunctionToolCalls([]), []);
-});
+  const handled: string[] = [];
 
-// --- isClaimToolCall ---
+  const outputs = await dispatchFunctionToolCalls(calls, {
+    submitCorrection: (call) => {
+      handled.push(`submit:${call.callId}`);
+      return buildFunctionCallOutput(call.callId, "submitted");
+    },
+    retainCorrection: (call) => {
+      handled.push(`retain:${call.callId}`);
+      return buildFunctionCallOutput(call.callId, "retained");
+    },
+    research: async (call) => {
+      handled.push(`research:${call.callId}`);
+      return buildFunctionCallOutput(call.callId, "researched");
+    },
+  });
 
-test("isClaimToolCall distinguishes claim tools from research tools", () => {
-  // Claim tools → true (these get routed to the incremental claim pipeline)
-  assert.equal(
-    isClaimToolCall({ callId: "c1", name: SUBMIT_CORRECTION_TOOL_NAME, argumentsJson: "{}" }),
-    true,
-  );
-  assert.equal(
-    isClaimToolCall({ callId: "c2", name: RETAIN_CORRECTION_TOOL_NAME, argumentsJson: "{}" }),
-    true,
-  );
-  // Research tools → false (these get dispatched to executeFunctionToolCall)
-  assert.equal(isClaimToolCall({ callId: "c3", name: "fetch_url", argumentsJson: "{}" }), false);
-  assert.equal(
-    isClaimToolCall({ callId: "c4", name: "web_search_preview", argumentsJson: "{}" }),
-    false,
+  // Claim tools are handled synchronously in emission order (submission order).
+  assert.deepEqual(handled, ["research:c1", "submit:c2", "retain:c3", "submit:c4"]);
+  assert.deepEqual(
+    outputs.map((output) => [output.call_id, output.output]),
+    [
+      ["c1", "researched"],
+      ["c2", "submitted"],
+      ["c3", "retained"],
+      ["c4", "submitted"],
+    ],
   );
 });
 
-// --- buildRetainCorrectionToolDefinition ---
-
-test("buildRetainCorrectionToolDefinition constrains id to exactly the provided claim IDs", () => {
-  const tool = buildRetainCorrectionToolDefinition(["claim-a", "claim-b", "claim-c"]);
-  // The dynamic enum is the key behavior — it constrains the model to only retain existing claims
-  assert.deepStrictEqual(tool.parameters.properties.id.enum, ["claim-a", "claim-b", "claim-c"]);
+test("executeFunctionToolCall answers unknown tools with an error output", async () => {
+  const output = await executeFunctionToolCall(
+    { callId: "c1", name: "made_up_tool", argumentsJson: "{}" },
+    new AbortController().signal,
+  );
+  assert.deepEqual(output, {
+    type: "function_call_output",
+    call_id: "c1",
+    output: JSON.stringify({ ok: false, error: "Unknown function tool: made_up_tool" }),
+  });
 });
 
-test("buildRetainCorrectionToolDefinition single-element enum still constrains correctly", () => {
-  const tool = buildRetainCorrectionToolDefinition(["only-claim"]);
-  assert.deepStrictEqual(tool.parameters.properties.id.enum, ["only-claim"]);
+test("executeFunctionToolCall does not start work for an aborted run", async () => {
+  const controller = new AbortController();
+  controller.abort();
+  await assert.rejects(
+    executeFunctionToolCall(
+      { callId: "c1", name: "fetch_url", argumentsJson: '{"url":"https://example.com"}' },
+      controller.signal,
+    ),
+    { name: "AbortError" },
+  );
 });
diff --git a/src/typescript/api/test/unit/openai-tool-loop.test.ts b/src/typescript/api/test/unit/openai-tool-loop.test.ts
index 30ff30c..04da158 100644
--- a/src/typescript/api/test/unit/openai-tool-loop.test.ts
+++ b/src/typescript/api/test/unit/openai-tool-loop.test.ts
@@ -1,203 +1,151 @@
 import assert from "node:assert/strict";
 import { test } from "node:test";
-import type OpenAI from "openai";
+import { INVESTIGATION_REQUEST_CONFIG } from "../../src/lib/investigators/openai-request-config.js";
 import {
-  runToolLoop,
-  ToolLoopExecutionError,
-} from "../../src/lib/investigators/openai-tool-loop.js";
-import type {
-  FunctionCallOutput,
-  PendingFunctionToolCall,
+  buildFunctionCallOutput,
+  type PendingFunctionToolCall,
 } from "../../src/lib/investigators/openai-tool-dispatch.js";
+import { runToolLoop } from "../../src/lib/investigators/openai-tool-loop.js";
+import {
+  createFakeOpenAiClient,
+  makeFunctionCall,
+  makeMessage,
+  makeResponse,
+  type FakeOpenAiReply,
+  type RecordedOpenAiRequest,
+} from "../helpers/fake-openai.js";
 
-function makeFunctionCall(call: { callId: string; name: string; argumentsJson: string }) {
-  return {
-    type: "function_call",
-    id: `fc_${call.callId}`,
-    call_id: call.callId,
-    name: call.name,
-    arguments: call.argumentsJson,
-    status: "completed",
-  };
+function runLoop(input: {
+  reply: (request: RecordedOpenAiRequest, index: number) => FakeOpenAiReply;
+  maxRounds: number;
+  onCalls?: (calls: PendingFunctionToolCall[]) => void;
+}) {
+  const { client, requests } = createFakeOpenAiClient(input.reply);
+  const handled: PendingFunctionToolCall[][] = [];
+  const result = runToolLoop({
+    client,
+    requestConfig: INVESTIGATION_REQUEST_CONFIG,
+    maxRounds: input.maxRounds,
+    instructions: "test instructions",
+    tools: [{ type: "web_search" }],
+    initialInput: { request: "initial prompt", audit: "initial prompt" },
+    signal: new AbortController().signal,
+    handleFunctionCalls: async (calls) => {
+      handled.push(calls);
+      input.onCalls?.(calls);
+      return calls.map((call) => buildFunctionCallOutput(call.callId, `output-${call.callId}`));
+    },
+  });
+  return { result, requests, handled };
 }
 
-test("runToolLoop routes submit/retain/research calls and collects response audits", async () => {
-  const routed: {
-    submitted: PendingFunctionToolCall[];
-    retained: PendingFunctionToolCall[];
-    research: PendingFunctionToolCall[];
-  } = {
-    submitted: [],
-    retained: [],
-    research: [],
-  };
+function toolCallRound(id: string, callId: string) {
+  return makeResponse({ id, output: [makeFunctionCall(callId, "fetch_url", { url: "x" })] });
+}
 
-  let callCount = 0;
-  const client = {
-    responses: {
-      create: async () => {
-        callCount += 1;
-        if (callCount === 1) {
-          return {
-            id: "resp-1",
-            status: "completed",
-            model: "test-model",
-            output: [
-              makeFunctionCall({
-                callId: "submit-1",
-                name: "submit_correction",
-                argumentsJson: JSON.stringify({
-                  text: "claim",
-                  context: "ctx",
-                  summary: "sum",
-                  reasoning: "reason",
-                  sources: [
-                    {
-                      url: "https://example.com",
-                      title: "Example",
-                      snippet: "Snippet",
-                    },
-                  ],
-                }),
-              }),
-              makeFunctionCall({
-                callId: "retain-1",
-                name: "retain_correction",
-                argumentsJson: JSON.stringify({ id: "old-1" }),
-              }),
-              makeFunctionCall({
-                callId: "research-1",
-                name: "fetch_url",
-                argumentsJson: JSON.stringify({ url: "https://example.com" }),
-              }),
-            ],
-            output_text: null,
-            usage: { input_tokens: 10, output_tokens: 10, total_tokens: 20 },
-          };
-        }
+test("the loop answers function calls until the model stops calling tools", async () => {
+  const { result, requests, handled } = runLoop({
+    maxRounds: 5,
+    reply: (_request, index) => ({
+      kind: "response",
+      response:
+        index === 0
+          ? toolCallRound("resp_0", "call-a")
+          : makeResponse({ id: "resp_1", output: [makeMessage("msg", "done")] }),
+    }),
+  });
 
-        return {
-          id: "resp-2",
-          status: "completed",
-          model: "test-model",
-          output: [
-            {
-              type: "message",
-              id: "msg-final",
-              status: "completed",
-              role: "assistant",
-              content: [],
-            },
-          ],
-          output_text: null,
-          usage: { input_tokens: 5, output_tokens: 5, total_tokens: 10 },
-        };
-      },
-    },
-  } as unknown as OpenAI;
+  const outcome = await result;
+  assert.equal(outcome.kind, "completed");
+  assert.equal(outcome.finalResponse.id, "resp_1");
+  assert.deepEqual(
+    handled.map((calls) => calls.map((call) => call.callId)),
+    [["call-a"]],
+  );
+  assert.equal(requests[1]?.body.previous_response_id, "resp_0");
+  assert.deepEqual(requests[1].body.input, [
+    { type: "function_call_output", call_id: "call-a", output: "output-call-a" },
+  ]);
+  assert.deepEqual(
+    outcome.rounds.map((round) => [round.subject, round.previousResponseId, round.input]),
+    [
+      [{ kind: "FACT_CHECK_ROUND", round: 0 }, null, "initial prompt"],
+      [
+        { kind: "FACT_CHECK_ROUND", round: 1 },
+        "resp_0",
+        [{ type: "function_call_output", call_id: "call-a", output: "output-call-a" }],
+      ],
+    ],
+  );
+});
 
-  const output = await runToolLoop({
-    client,
-    maxResponseToolRounds: 5,
-    baseResponseRequest: {
-      model: "test-model",
-      stream: false,
-      instructions: "test instructions",
-      tools: [],
-      reasoning: {
-        effort: "medium",
-        summary: "detailed",
-      },
-    },
-    initialInput: "input",
-    handleSubmittedClaims: async (calls) => {
-      routed.submitted = calls;
-      return [
-        {
-          type: "function_call_output",
-          call_id: calls[0]?.callId ?? "none",
-          output: '{"acknowledged":true}',
-        },
-      ] as FunctionCallOutput[];
-    },
-    handleRetainedClaims: async (calls) => {
-      routed.retained = calls;
-      return [
-        {
-          type: "function_call_output",
-          call_id: calls[0]?.callId ?? "none",
-          output: '{"acknowledged":true}',
-        },
-      ];
-    },
-    handleResearchCalls: async (calls) => {
-      routed.research = calls;
-      return [
-        {
-          type: "function_call_output",
-          call_id: calls[0]?.callId ?? "none",
-          output: '{"ok":true}',
-        },
-      ];
-    },
+test("the loop stops at the round limit without handling the last round's calls", async () => {
+  const { result, requests, handled } = runLoop({
+    maxRounds: 2,
+    reply: (_request, index) => ({
+      kind: "response",
+      response: toolCallRound(`resp_${index.toString()}`, `call-${index.toString()}`),
+    }),
   });
 
-  assert.equal(routed.submitted.length, 1);
-  assert.equal(routed.submitted[0]?.name, "submit_correction");
-  assert.equal(routed.retained.length, 1);
-  assert.equal(routed.retained[0]?.name, "retain_correction");
-  assert.equal(routed.research.length, 1);
-  assert.equal(routed.research[0]?.name, "fetch_url");
-  assert.equal(output.responseAudits.length, 2);
-  assert.equal(output.latestResponseRecord?.["id"], "resp-2");
+  const outcome = await result;
+  assert.equal(outcome.kind, "round_limit");
+  assert.equal(requests.length, 2);
+  assert.equal(outcome.rounds.length, 2);
+  assert.deepEqual(
+    handled.map((calls) => calls.map((call) => call.callId)),
+    [["call-0"]],
+  );
 });
 
-test("runToolLoop throws ToolLoopExecutionError when tool calls have no response id", async () => {
-  const client = {
-    responses: {
-      create: async () => ({
-        id: null,
-        status: "completed",
-        model: "test-model",
-        output: [
-          makeFunctionCall({
-            callId: "submit-1",
-            name: "submit_correction",
-            argumentsJson: "{}",
-          }),
-        ],
-        output_text: null,
+test("a response that did not complete ends the loop before its calls are handled", async () => {
+  const { result, handled } = runLoop({
+    maxRounds: 5,
+    reply: () => ({
+      kind: "response",
+      response: makeResponse({
+        id: "resp_0",
+        status: "incomplete",
+        incompleteReason: "content_filter",
+        output: [makeFunctionCall("call-a", "fetch_url", {})],
       }),
-    },
-  } as unknown as OpenAI;
+    }),
+  });
 
-  await assert.rejects(
-    () =>
-      runToolLoop({
-        client,
-        maxResponseToolRounds: 2,
-        baseResponseRequest: {
-          model: "test-model",
-          stream: false,
-          instructions: "test instructions",
-          tools: [],
-          reasoning: {
-            effort: "medium",
-            summary: "detailed",
-          },
-        },
-        initialInput: "input",
-        handleSubmittedClaims: async () => [],
-        handleRetainedClaims: async () => [],
-        handleResearchCalls: async () => [],
-      }),
-    (error: unknown) => {
-      if (!(error instanceof ToolLoopExecutionError)) {
-        return false;
-      }
-      assert.match(error.message, /response id/);
-      assert.equal(error.responseAudits.length, 1);
-      return true;
-    },
+  const outcome = await result;
+  assert.equal(outcome.kind, "response_not_completed");
+  assert.equal(handled.length, 0);
+});
+
+test("a failed request ends the loop with that request audited without a response", async () => {
+  const { result } = runLoop({
+    maxRounds: 5,
+    reply: (_request, index) =>
+      index === 0
+        ? { kind: "response", response: toolCallRound("resp_0", "call-a") }
+        : { kind: "http_error", status: 503, message: "overloaded" },
+  });
+
+  const outcome = await result;
+  assert.equal(outcome.kind, "failed");
+  assert.deepEqual(
+    outcome.rounds.map((round) => round.response?.providerResponseId ?? null),
+    ["resp_0", null],
   );
 });
+
+test("a throwing tool handler ends the loop as failed", async () => {
+  const { result } = runLoop({
+    maxRounds: 5,
+    reply: () => ({ kind: "response", response: toolCallRound("resp_0", "call-a") }),
+    onCalls: () => {
+      throw new Error("tool exploded");
+    },
+  });
+
+  const outcome = await result;
+  assert.equal(outcome.kind, "failed");
+  assert.ok(outcome.error instanceof Error);
+  assert.equal(outcome.error.message, "tool exploded");
+  assert.equal(outcome.rounds.length, 1);
+});
diff --git a/src/typescript/api/test/unit/orchestrator-errors.test.ts b/src/typescript/api/test/unit/orchestrator-errors.test.ts
index b144b57..5b86342 100644
--- a/src/typescript/api/test/unit/orchestrator-errors.test.ts
+++ b/src/typescript/api/test/unit/orchestrator-errors.test.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import assert from "node:assert/strict";
 import { test } from "node:test";
+import OpenAI from "openai";
 import { ZodError } from "zod";
 import {
   unwrapError,
@@ -9,25 +10,22 @@ import {
 } from "../../src/lib/services/orchestrator-errors.js";
 import {
   InvestigatorExecutionError,
+  InvestigatorIncompleteResponseError,
+  InvestigatorInputError,
   InvestigatorStructuredOutputError,
-} from "../../src/lib/investigators/openai.js";
-import type { InvestigatorAttemptAudit } from "../../src/lib/investigators/interface.js";
+} from "../../src/lib/investigators/errors.js";
+import type { InvestigatorFailedAttemptAudit } from "../../src/lib/investigators/interface.js";
 import {
   ExpiredOpenAiKeySourceError,
   InvalidOpenAiKeySourceError,
 } from "../../src/lib/services/user-key-source.js";
 
-function makeDummyAttemptAudit(): InvestigatorAttemptAudit {
+function makeFailedAttemptAudit(): InvestigatorFailedAttemptAudit {
   return {
-    startedAt: new Date().toISOString(),
-    completedAt: new Date().toISOString(),
-    requestModel: "test-model",
-    requestInstructions: "test",
-    requestInput: "test",
-    requestReasoningEffort: null,
-    requestReasoningSummary: null,
-    requestedTools: [],
-    response: null,
+    outcome: "FAILED",
+    startedAt: new Date(),
+    completedAt: new Date(),
+    requests: [],
     error: {
       errorName: "TestError",
       errorMessage: "test error",
@@ -36,19 +34,18 @@ function makeDummyAttemptAudit(): InvestigatorAttemptAudit {
   };
 }
 
+function apiError(status: number, message: string): InstanceType<typeof OpenAI.APIError> {
+  return OpenAI.APIError.generate(status, { error: { message } }, undefined, new Headers());
+}
+
 // --- unwrapError ---
 
 test("unwrapError returns cause of InvestigatorExecutionError", () => {
   const cause = new TypeError("cause");
-  const error = new InvestigatorExecutionError("wrapper", makeDummyAttemptAudit(), cause);
+  const error = new InvestigatorExecutionError("wrapper", makeFailedAttemptAudit(), cause);
   assert.strictEqual(unwrapError(error), cause);
 });
 
-test("unwrapError returns InvestigatorExecutionError itself when no cause", () => {
-  const error = new InvestigatorExecutionError("no cause", makeDummyAttemptAudit());
-  assert.strictEqual(unwrapError(error), error);
-});
-
 test("unwrapError returns plain Error directly", () => {
   const error = new Error("plain");
   assert.strictEqual(unwrapError(error), error);
@@ -73,13 +70,14 @@ test("unwrapError stringifies arrays", () => {
 
 // --- getErrorStatus ---
 
-test("getErrorStatus returns status from error object", () => {
-  const error = Object.assign(new Error("fail"), { status: 500 });
-  assert.equal(getErrorStatus(error), 500);
+test("getErrorStatus returns the status of OpenAI API errors", () => {
+  assert.equal(getErrorStatus(apiError(500, "fail")), 500);
 });
 
-test("getErrorStatus returns null for error without status", () => {
+test("getErrorStatus returns null for errors that are not OpenAI API errors", () => {
   assert.equal(getErrorStatus(new Error("no status")), null);
+  assert.equal(getErrorStatus(Object.assign(new Error("lookalike"), { status: 500 })), null);
+  assert.equal(getErrorStatus(new OpenAI.APIConnectionTimeoutError()), null);
 });
 
 test("getErrorStatus returns null for string error", () => {
@@ -87,16 +85,18 @@ test("getErrorStatus returns null for string error", () => {
 });
 
 test("getErrorStatus unwraps InvestigatorExecutionError cause", () => {
-  const cause = Object.assign(new Error("api"), { status: 429 });
-  const error = new InvestigatorExecutionError("wrapper", makeDummyAttemptAudit(), cause);
+  const error = new InvestigatorExecutionError(
+    "wrapper",
+    makeFailedAttemptAudit(),
+    apiError(429, "api"),
+  );
   assert.equal(getErrorStatus(error), 429);
 });
 
 // --- formatErrorForLog ---
 
 test("formatErrorForLog formats Error with status", () => {
-  const error = Object.assign(new Error("bad request"), { status: 400 });
-  assert.equal(formatErrorForLog(error), "status=400: bad request");
+  assert.equal(formatErrorForLog(apiError(400, "bad request")), "status=400: 400 bad request");
 });
 
 test("formatErrorForLog formats Error without status", () => {
@@ -108,11 +108,6 @@ test("formatErrorForLog formats string", () => {
   assert.equal(formatErrorForLog("string error"), "string error");
 });
 
-test("formatErrorForLog formats object with status", () => {
-  const error = { status: 502 };
-  assert.equal(formatErrorForLog(error), "status=502");
-});
-
 test("formatErrorForLog formats object without status", () => {
   const error = { foo: "bar" };
   assert.equal(formatErrorForLog(error), "unknown object error");
@@ -134,24 +129,33 @@ test("isNonRetryableProviderError returns true for InvestigatorStructuredOutputE
   assert.equal(isNonRetryableProviderError(error), true);
 });
 
-test("isNonRetryableProviderError returns true for 400 status", () => {
-  const error = Object.assign(new Error("bad request"), { status: 400 });
-  assert.equal(isNonRetryableProviderError(error), true);
+test("isNonRetryableProviderError returns true for request, auth and not-found statuses", () => {
+  for (const status of [400, 401, 403, 404, 422]) {
+    assert.equal(isNonRetryableProviderError(apiError(status, "rejected")), true, String(status));
+  }
 });
 
-test("isNonRetryableProviderError returns true for 401 status", () => {
-  const error = Object.assign(new Error("unauthorized"), { status: 401 });
-  assert.equal(isNonRetryableProviderError(error), true);
+test("isNonRetryableProviderError returns false for rate limits and server errors", () => {
+  for (const status of [429, 500, 503]) {
+    assert.equal(isNonRetryableProviderError(apiError(status, "transient")), false, String(status));
+  }
 });
 
-test("isNonRetryableProviderError returns false for 429 status (rate limit)", () => {
-  const error = Object.assign(new Error("rate limited"), { status: 429 });
-  assert.equal(isNonRetryableProviderError(error), false);
+test("isNonRetryableProviderError treats timeouts as transient", () => {
+  assert.equal(isNonRetryableProviderError(new OpenAI.APIConnectionTimeoutError()), false);
+});
+
+test("isNonRetryableProviderError returns true for incomplete responses (SPEC §3.7 PARTIAL)", () => {
+  const error = new InvestigatorIncompleteResponseError({
+    responseStatus: "incomplete",
+    responseId: "resp_1",
+    incompleteReason: "max_output_tokens",
+  });
+  assert.equal(isNonRetryableProviderError(error), true);
 });
 
-test("isNonRetryableProviderError returns false for 500 status (server error)", () => {
-  const error = Object.assign(new Error("server error"), { status: 500 });
-  assert.equal(isNonRetryableProviderError(error), false);
+test("isNonRetryableProviderError returns true for investigator input contract violations", () => {
+  assert.equal(isNonRetryableProviderError(new InvestigatorInputError("bad offsets")), true);
 });
 
 test("isNonRetryableProviderError returns false for plain Error without status", () => {
@@ -160,7 +164,7 @@ test("isNonRetryableProviderError returns false for plain Error without status",
 
 test("isNonRetryableProviderError unwraps InvestigatorExecutionError", () => {
   const cause = new InvestigatorStructuredOutputError("bad output");
-  const error = new InvestigatorExecutionError("wrapper", makeDummyAttemptAudit(), cause);
+  const error = new InvestigatorExecutionError("wrapper", makeFailedAttemptAudit(), cause);
   assert.equal(isNonRetryableProviderError(error), true);
 });
 
@@ -176,6 +180,6 @@ test("isNonRetryableProviderError returns true for InvalidOpenAiKeySourceError",
 
 test("isNonRetryableProviderError detects key source errors wrapped in InvestigatorExecutionError", () => {
   const cause = new ExpiredOpenAiKeySourceError("run-789");
-  const error = new InvestigatorExecutionError("wrapper", makeDummyAttemptAudit(), cause);
+  const error = new InvestigatorExecutionError("wrapper", makeFailedAttemptAudit(), cause);
   assert.equal(isNonRetryableProviderError(error), true);
 });
diff --git a/src/typescript/api/test/unit/orchestrator-persist-guard.test.ts b/src/typescript/api/test/unit/orchestrator-persist-guard.test.ts
index e65b00b..4cc1dc0 100644
--- a/src/typescript/api/test/unit/orchestrator-persist-guard.test.ts
+++ b/src/typescript/api/test/unit/orchestrator-persist-guard.test.ts
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ import {
   releaseLeaseToRetryInTx,
 } from "../../src/lib/services/attempt-audit.js";
 import type { Prisma } from "../../src/lib/db/prisma-client";
-import type { InvestigatorAttemptAudit } from "../../src/lib/investigators/interface.js";
+import type { InvestigatorSucceededAttemptAudit } from "../../src/lib/investigators/interface.js";
 
 /**
  * Invariants under test:
@@ -31,29 +31,12 @@ import type { InvestigatorAttemptAudit } from "../../src/lib/investigators/inter
  *   inconsistent non-PROCESSING state, silently corrupting the lifecycle.
  */
 
-function makeMinimalAttemptAudit(): InvestigatorAttemptAudit {
+function makeMinimalAttemptAudit(): InvestigatorSucceededAttemptAudit {
   return {
-    startedAt: new Date().toISOString(),
-    completedAt: new Date().toISOString(),
-    requestModel: "test-model",
-    requestInstructions: "test instructions",
-    requestInput: "test input",
-    requestReasoningEffort: null,
-    requestReasoningSummary: null,
-    requestedTools: [],
-    response: {
-      responseId: "resp_test",
-      responseStatus: "completed",
-      responseModelVersion: null,
-      responseOutputText: null,
-      outputItems: [],
-      outputTextParts: [],
-      outputTextAnnotations: [],
-      reasoningSummaries: [],
-      toolCalls: [],
-      usage: null,
-    },
-    error: null,
+    outcome: "SUCCEEDED",
+    startedAt: new Date(),
+    completedAt: new Date(),
+    requests: [],
   };
 }
 
@@ -69,7 +52,7 @@ function makeClaim() {
 
 test("persistCompletedInvestigation returns false and writes nothing when guard fails", async () => {
   let claimCreateCalled = false;
-  let attemptUpsertCalled = false;
+  let attemptCreateCalled = false;
 
   // Mock transaction client where investigationLease.deleteMany returns 0 rows
   // (guard fails). All other methods throw if called — the test fails if any
@@ -84,8 +67,8 @@ test("persistCompletedInvestigation returns false and writes nothing when guard
       },
     },
     investigationAttempt: {
-      upsert: async () => {
-        attemptUpsertCalled = true;
+      create: async () => {
+        attemptCreateCalled = true;
         throw new Error("Attempt audit write leaked past guard");
       },
     },
@@ -103,12 +86,13 @@ test("persistCompletedInvestigation returns false and writes nothing when guard
     claims: [makeClaim(), makeClaim()],
     attemptNumber: 1,
     attemptAudit: makeMinimalAttemptAudit(),
-    modelVersion: null,
+    model: "gpt-6.1-sol",
+    modelVersion: "gpt-6.1-sol-2026-09-01",
   });
 
   assert.equal(result, false, "Should return false when guard matches 0 rows");
   assert.equal(claimCreateCalled, false, "claim.create must not be called when guard fails");
-  assert.equal(attemptUpsertCalled, false, "attemptAudit must not be written when guard fails");
+  assert.equal(attemptCreateCalled, false, "attemptAudit must not be written when guard fails");
 });
 
 test("persistCompletedInvestigation proceeds to claim writes when guard succeeds", async () => {
@@ -117,23 +101,25 @@ test("persistCompletedInvestigation proceeds to claim writes when guard succeeds
   // investigation.updateMany is called (which happens immediately after the
   // lease guard). Full claim-write verification is covered by integration tests.
   let investigationUpdateManyReached = false;
+  let completionData: unknown = null;
 
   const mockTx = {
     investigationLease: {
       deleteMany: async () => ({ count: 1 }),
     },
     investigation: {
-      updateMany: async () => {
+      updateMany: async (args: { data: unknown }) => {
         investigationUpdateManyReached = true;
+        completionData = args.data;
         // Return count=1 to indicate the status transition succeeded, then
         // throw on the next call to short-circuit the deeply-mocked path.
         return { count: 1 };
       },
     },
-    // persistAttemptAudit calls upsert first — intercept it to stop execution
-    // after verifying the guard passed and updateMany was called.
+    // persistAttemptAudit creates the attempt first — intercept it to stop
+    // execution after verifying the guard passed and updateMany was called.
     investigationAttempt: {
-      upsert: async () => {
+      create: async () => {
         throw new Error("Mock: stopping after guard verification");
       },
     },
@@ -146,7 +132,8 @@ test("persistCompletedInvestigation proceeds to claim writes when guard succeeds
       claims: [makeClaim()],
       attemptNumber: 1,
       attemptAudit: makeMinimalAttemptAudit(),
-      modelVersion: null,
+      model: "gpt-6.1-sol",
+      modelVersion: "gpt-6.1-sol-2026-09-01",
     }),
     /Mock: stopping after guard verification/,
   );
@@ -156,6 +143,16 @@ test("persistCompletedInvestigation proceeds to claim writes when guard succeeds
     true,
     "When guard succeeds (count=1), execution must proceed past the guard to investigation.updateMany",
   );
+  // INV-INV-MODEL-AT-COMPLETION: the model that ran is recorded with the COMPLETE transition.
+  assert.deepEqual(
+    { ...(completionData as Record<string, unknown>), checkedAt: "<set>" },
+    {
+      status: "COMPLETE",
+      checkedAt: "<set>",
+      model: "gpt-6.1-sol",
+      modelVersion: "gpt-6.1-sol-2026-09-01",
+    },
+  );
 });
 
 // ── Step-2 invariant: lease deleted but investigation not PROCESSING ──────────
@@ -182,7 +179,8 @@ test("persistCompletedInvestigation throws invariant error when lease deleted bu
       claims: [],
       attemptNumber: 1,
       attemptAudit: makeMinimalAttemptAudit(),
-      modelVersion: null,
+      model: "gpt-6.1-sol",
+      modelVersion: "gpt-6.1-sol-2026-09-01",
     }),
     /Invariant violation.*inv-test-123/,
     "Must throw invariant error when lease exists but investigation is not PROCESSING",
diff --git a/src/typescript/api/test/unit/post-investigation-queries.test.ts b/src/typescript/api/test/unit/post-investigation-queries.test.ts
index 2abea75..27b70c8 100644
--- a/src/typescript/api/test/unit/post-investigation-queries.test.ts
+++ b/src/typescript/api/test/unit/post-investigation-queries.test.ts
@@ -1,17 +1,12 @@
 import assert from "node:assert/strict";
 import { test } from "node:test";
-import type { ResolvedPostVersion } from "../../src/lib/trpc/routes/post/content-storage.js";
 import {
-  ensureInvestigationsWithUpdateMetadata,
-  findCompletedInvestigationByPostVersionId,
-  findLatestServerVerifiedCompleteInvestigationForPost,
-  investigationQueriesInternals,
+  carryForwardClaims,
+  findCarriedForwardClaims,
   loadInvestigationWithClaims,
   maybeRecordCorroboration,
   parseProgressClaims,
   requireCompleteCheckedAtIso,
-  selectSourceInvestigationForUpdate,
-  toPriorInvestigationResult,
   unreachableInvestigationStatus,
   type InvestigationRepository,
 } from "../../src/lib/trpc/routes/post/investigation-queries.js";
@@ -19,30 +14,20 @@ import {
 function nullRepo(): InvestigationRepository {
   return {
     findInvestigationWithClaims: async () => null,
-    findCompletedByPostVersionId: async () => null,
-    findLatestServerVerifiedComplete: async () => null,
+    findLatestCompleteOnOtherVersion: async () => null,
     findClientFallbackInvestigationId: async () => null,
     recordCorroborationCredit: async () => {},
   };
 }
 
-function buildResolvedPostVersion(contentText = "new line"): ResolvedPostVersion {
+function claim(id: string, text: string) {
   return {
-    id: "post-version-id",
-    postId: "post-id",
-    versionHash: "version-hash",
-    serverVerifiedAt: new Date(),
-    contentBlob: {
-      contentHash: "content-hash",
-      contentText,
-      wordCount: 2,
-    },
-    post: {
-      id: "post-id",
-      platform: "X",
-      externalId: "external-id",
-      url: "https://x.com/openerrata/status/1",
-    },
+    id,
+    text,
+    context: `Context of ${text}`,
+    summary: `Summary of ${text}`,
+    reasoning: `Reasoning about ${text}`,
+    sources: [{ url: `https://example.com/${id}`, title: `Source ${id}`, snippet: "Snippet" }],
   };
 }
 
@@ -53,84 +38,77 @@ test("requireCompleteCheckedAtIso returns ISO and throws when checkedAt is missi
   assert.throws(() => requireCompleteCheckedAtIso("inv-2", null), /COMPLETE with null checkedAt/);
 });
 
-test("selectSourceInvestigationForUpdate drops same-version source and keeps prior version", () => {
+test("carryForwardClaims keeps exactly the claims whose text still occurs in the content", () => {
   const source = {
     id: "source-investigation-id",
-    postVersion: {
-      id: "source-post-version-id",
-      contentBlob: {
-        contentText: "old line",
-      },
-    },
-    claims: [],
+    claims: [
+      claim("claim_kept", "The moon is made of cheese."),
+      claim("claim_removed", "Mars has three moons."),
+    ],
   };
+  const contentText = "Intro. The moon is made of cheese. Mars has two moons.";
 
-  assert.equal(selectSourceInvestigationForUpdate(null, "current-post-version-id"), null);
-  assert.equal(selectSourceInvestigationForUpdate(source, "source-post-version-id"), null);
-  assert.equal(selectSourceInvestigationForUpdate(source, "current-post-version-id"), source);
+  assert.deepEqual(carryForwardClaims(source, contentText), {
+    sourceInvestigationId: "source-investigation-id",
+    oldClaims: [claim("claim_kept", "The moon is made of cheese.")],
+  });
 });
 
-test("toPriorInvestigationResult maps source claims and handles null source", () => {
-  assert.equal(toPriorInvestigationResult(null), null);
+test("carryForwardClaims is null when no claim survives", () => {
+  const source = { id: "source", claims: [claim("claim_1", "Removed sentence.")] };
+  assert.equal(carryForwardClaims(source, "Entirely rewritten post."), null);
+  assert.equal(carryForwardClaims({ id: "source", claims: [] }, "Any text."), null);
+});
 
+test("carryForwardClaims matches claim text after content normalization", () => {
+  // Content text is normalized (§3.8): curly quotes and dashes become ASCII
+  // and whitespace collapses. A claim quoting the page's original typography
+  // still occurs in it.
   const source = {
-    id: "source-investigation-id",
-    postVersion: {
-      id: "source-post-version-id",
-      contentBlob: { contentText: "old line" },
+    id: "source",
+    claims: [claim("claim_1", "It\u2019s  a \u201Ctest\u201D \u2014 really.")],
+  };
+  const result = carryForwardClaims(source, `Prefix. It's a "test" - really. Suffix.`);
+  assert.equal(result?.oldClaims.length, 1);
+});
+
+test("carryForwardClaims never carries a claim whose text normalizes to nothing", () => {
+  const source = { id: "source", claims: [claim("claim_1", " \u200B ")] };
+  assert.equal(carryForwardClaims(source, "Some content."), null);
+});
+
+test("findCarriedForwardClaims excludes the requested version and filters the latest complete source", async () => {
+  const lookups: { postId: string; excludedPostVersionId: string }[] = [];
+  const repo: InvestigationRepository = {
+    ...nullRepo(),
+    findLatestCompleteOnOtherVersion: async (postId, excludedPostVersionId) => {
+      lookups.push({ postId, excludedPostVersionId });
+      return {
+        id: "source",
+        claims: [claim("claim_1", "Kept sentence."), claim("claim_2", "Gone sentence.")],
+      };
     },
-    claims: [
-      {
-        id: "claim_1",
-        text: "Claim text",
-        context: "Claim context",
-        summary: "Claim summary",
-        reasoning: "Claim reasoning",
-        sources: [
-          {
-            url: "https://example.com/1",
-            title: "Source 1",
-            snippet: "Snippet 1",
-          },
-        ],
-      },
-    ],
   };
 
-  assert.deepEqual(toPriorInvestigationResult(source), {
-    sourceInvestigationId: "source-investigation-id",
-    oldClaims: [
-      {
-        id: "claim_1",
-        text: "Claim text",
-        context: "Claim context",
-        summary: "Claim summary",
-        reasoning: "Claim reasoning",
-        sources: [
-          {
-            url: "https://example.com/1",
-            title: "Source 1",
-            snippet: "Snippet 1",
-          },
-        ],
-      },
-    ],
+  const result = await findCarriedForwardClaims(repo, {
+    id: "requested-version",
+    postId: "post-1",
+    contentText: "Kept sentence. New sentence.",
   });
-});
 
-test("buildLineDiff reports no changes and changed line blocks", () => {
-  assert.equal(
-    investigationQueriesInternals.buildLineDiff("same\ncontent", "same\ncontent"),
-    "No changes detected.",
+  assert.deepEqual(lookups, [{ postId: "post-1", excludedPostVersionId: "requested-version" }]);
+  assert.deepEqual(
+    result?.oldClaims.map((c) => c.id),
+    ["claim_1"],
   );
-
-  const diff = investigationQueriesInternals.buildLineDiff(
-    "keep one\nremove me\nkeep tail",
-    "keep one\nadd me\nkeep tail",
+  assert.equal(
+    await findCarriedForwardClaims(nullRepo(), {
+      id: "requested-version",
+      postId: "post-1",
+      contentText: "Kept sentence.",
+    }),
+    null,
   );
-  assert.match(diff, /Diff summary \(line context\):/);
-  assert.match(diff, /- Removed lines:\nremove me/);
-  assert.match(diff, /\+ Added lines:\nadd me/);
 });
 
 test("unreachableInvestigationStatus throws explicit internal error", () => {
@@ -147,11 +125,8 @@ test("parseProgressClaims fails fast on malformed progress payload", () => {
   );
 });
 
-test("load and lookup helpers delegate to repository methods", async () => {
-  const repo = nullRepo();
-  assert.equal(await loadInvestigationWithClaims(repo, "inv-1"), null);
-  assert.equal(await findCompletedInvestigationByPostVersionId(repo, "pv-1"), null);
-  assert.equal(await findLatestServerVerifiedCompleteInvestigationForPost(repo, "post-1"), null);
+test("load helper delegates to repository method", async () => {
+  assert.equal(await loadInvestigationWithClaims(nullRepo(), "inv-1"), null);
 });
 
 test("maybeRecordCorroboration gates on auth and delegates to repository", async () => {
@@ -197,69 +172,3 @@ test("maybeRecordCorroboration gates on auth and delegates to repository", async
   assert.equal(lookupCalls, 3);
   assert.equal(creditCalls, 2);
 });
-
-test("ensureInvestigationsWithUpdateMetadata forwards create and update payloads", async () => {
-  const ensureQueuedCalls: {
-    prisma: { name: string };
-    postVersionId: string;
-    promptId: string;
-    parentInvestigationId?: string;
-    contentDiff?: string;
-    rejectOverWordLimitOnCreate: true;
-    allowRequeueFailed: true;
-    onPendingInvestigation?: unknown;
-  }[] = [];
-  const ensureQueued = async (input: (typeof ensureQueuedCalls)[number]) => {
-    ensureQueuedCalls.push(input);
-    return { investigation: { id: "inv-id", status: "PENDING" as const } };
-  };
-  const postVersion = buildResolvedPostVersion("new line\ntail");
-  const prismaToken = { name: "prisma-token" };
-  const onPendingInvestigation = async () => {};
-
-  await ensureInvestigationsWithUpdateMetadata({
-    prisma: prismaToken,
-    promptId: "prompt-id",
-    postVersion,
-    sourceInvestigation: null,
-    onPendingInvestigation,
-    ensureQueued,
-  });
-
-  assert.deepEqual(ensureQueuedCalls[0], {
-    prisma: prismaToken,
-    postVersionId: "post-version-id",
-    promptId: "prompt-id",
-    rejectOverWordLimitOnCreate: true,
-    allowRequeueFailed: true,
-    onPendingInvestigation,
-  });
-
-  await ensureInvestigationsWithUpdateMetadata({
-    prisma: prismaToken,
-    promptId: "prompt-id",
-    postVersion,
-    sourceInvestigation: {
-      id: "source-investigation-id",
-      postVersion: {
-        id: "old-post-version-id",
-        contentBlob: {
-          contentText: "old line\ntail",
-        },
-      },
-      claims: [],
-    },
-    ensureQueued,
-  });
-
-  assert.deepEqual(ensureQueuedCalls[1], {
-    prisma: prismaToken,
-    postVersionId: "post-version-id",
-    promptId: "prompt-id",
-    parentInvestigationId: "source-investigation-id",
-    contentDiff:
-      "Diff summary (line context):\n- Removed lines:\nold line\n+ Added lines:\nnew line",
-    rejectOverWordLimitOnCreate: true,
-    allowRequeueFailed: true,
-  });
-});
diff --git a/src/typescript/api/test/unit/prompt-context.test.ts b/src/typescript/api/test/unit/prompt-context.test.ts
deleted file mode 100644
index 015b523..0000000
--- a/src/typescript/api/test/unit/prompt-context.test.ts
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,468 +0,0 @@
-import assert from "node:assert/strict";
-import { test } from "node:test";
-import { PLATFORM_VALUES, type Platform } from "@openerrata/shared";
-import {
-  isLikelyVideoUrl,
-  hasXVideoMedia,
-  toPromptPostContext,
-  resolveHtmlSnapshotsFromVersionMeta,
-} from "../../src/lib/services/prompt-context.js";
-
-type PromptPostContextInput = Parameters<typeof toPromptPostContext>[0];
-
-// --- isLikelyVideoUrl ---
-
-test("isLikelyVideoUrl returns true for .mp4 URL", () => {
-  assert.equal(isLikelyVideoUrl("https://example.com/video.mp4"), true);
-});
-
-test("isLikelyVideoUrl returns true for .webm URL", () => {
-  assert.equal(isLikelyVideoUrl("https://example.com/video.webm"), true);
-});
-
-test("isLikelyVideoUrl returns true for .m3u8 URL", () => {
-  assert.equal(isLikelyVideoUrl("https://example.com/stream.m3u8"), true);
-});
-
-test("isLikelyVideoUrl returns true for .mov URL", () => {
-  assert.equal(isLikelyVideoUrl("https://example.com/clip.mov"), true);
-});
-
-test("isLikelyVideoUrl returns true for .m4v URL", () => {
-  assert.equal(isLikelyVideoUrl("https://example.com/clip.m4v"), true);
-});
-
-test("isLikelyVideoUrl returns false for .png URL", () => {
-  assert.equal(isLikelyVideoUrl("https://example.com/image.png"), false);
-});
-
-test("isLikelyVideoUrl returns false for .jpg URL", () => {
-  assert.equal(isLikelyVideoUrl("https://example.com/photo.jpg"), false);
-});
-
-test("isLikelyVideoUrl returns false for URL without extension", () => {
-  assert.equal(isLikelyVideoUrl("https://example.com/page"), false);
-});
-
-test("isLikelyVideoUrl works with query strings (uses pathname only)", () => {
-  assert.equal(isLikelyVideoUrl("https://example.com/video.mp4?token=abc"), true);
-});
-
-test("isLikelyVideoUrl handles malformed URLs gracefully", () => {
-  // Malformed URL falls back to the raw string
-  assert.equal(isLikelyVideoUrl("not-a-url-video.mp4"), true);
-  assert.equal(isLikelyVideoUrl("not-a-url-image.png"), false);
-});
-
-test("isLikelyVideoUrl is case insensitive", () => {
-  assert.equal(isLikelyVideoUrl("https://example.com/Video.MP4"), true);
-  assert.equal(isLikelyVideoUrl("https://example.com/Video.WebM"), true);
-});
-
-// --- hasXVideoMedia ---
-
-test("hasXVideoMedia returns true when at least one video URL exists", () => {
-  assert.equal(
-    hasXVideoMedia(["https://example.com/photo.jpg", "https://example.com/clip.mp4"]),
-    true,
-  );
-});
-
-test("hasXVideoMedia returns false when no video URLs exist", () => {
-  assert.equal(
-    hasXVideoMedia(["https://example.com/photo.jpg", "https://example.com/img.png"]),
-    false,
-  );
-});
-
-test("hasXVideoMedia returns false for empty array", () => {
-  assert.equal(hasXVideoMedia([]), false);
-});
-
-// --- toPromptPostContext ---
-
-// Each platform stores its publication timestamp in a different version-meta field.
-// This table drives exhaustive coverage: if a platform is added to PLATFORM_VALUES
-// without a corresponding entry here, TypeScript will fail to compile the satisfies.
-
-const SAMPLE_TIMESTAMP = new Date("2026-01-02T03:04:05.000Z");
-
-function sampleUrlForPlatform(platform: Platform): string {
-  switch (platform) {
-    case "LESSWRONG":
-      return "https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/example";
-    case "X":
-      return "https://x.com/u/status/1";
-    case "SUBSTACK":
-      return "https://example.substack.com/p/test";
-    case "WIKIPEDIA":
-      return "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Test";
-  }
-}
-
-const platformTimestampFixtures: Record<
-  Platform,
-  { input: PromptPostContextInput; hasVideo?: boolean }
-> = {
-  LESSWRONG: {
-    input: {
-      serverVerifiedAt: new Date(),
-      contentBlob: { contentText: "unused", contentHash: "hash" },
-      imageOccurrenceSet: { occurrences: [] },
-      lesswrongVersionMeta: {
-        serverHtmlBlob: { htmlContent: "<h1>Version Heading</h1>" },
-        clientHtmlBlob: { htmlContent: "<h1>Version Heading (client)</h1>" },
-        publishedAt: SAMPLE_TIMESTAMP,
-      },
-      xVersionMeta: null,
-      substackVersionMeta: null,
-      wikipediaVersionMeta: null,
-      post: {
-        platform: "LESSWRONG" as const,
-        url: sampleUrlForPlatform("LESSWRONG"),
-        author: { displayName: "Author Name" },
-      },
-    } satisfies PromptPostContextInput,
-  },
-  X: {
-    input: {
-      serverVerifiedAt: null,
-      contentBlob: { contentText: "unused", contentHash: "hash" },
-      imageOccurrenceSet: { occurrences: [] },
-      lesswrongVersionMeta: null,
-      xVersionMeta: {
-        postedAt: SAMPLE_TIMESTAMP,
-        mediaUrls: ["https://example.com/video.mp4"],
-      },
-      substackVersionMeta: null,
-      wikipediaVersionMeta: null,
-      post: {
-        platform: "X" as const,
-        url: sampleUrlForPlatform("X"),
-        author: { displayName: "Author Name" },
-      },
-    } satisfies PromptPostContextInput,
-    hasVideo: true,
-  },
-  SUBSTACK: {
-    input: {
-      serverVerifiedAt: null,
-      contentBlob: { contentText: "unused", contentHash: "hash" },
-      imageOccurrenceSet: { occurrences: [] },
-      lesswrongVersionMeta: null,
-      xVersionMeta: null,
-      substackVersionMeta: {
-        publishedAt: SAMPLE_TIMESTAMP,
-        serverHtmlBlob: null,
-        clientHtmlBlob: { htmlContent: "<h2>Substack Version</h2>" },
-      },
-      wikipediaVersionMeta: null,
-      post: {
-        platform: "SUBSTACK" as const,
-        url: sampleUrlForPlatform("SUBSTACK"),
-        author: { displayName: "Author Name" },
-      },
-    } satisfies PromptPostContextInput,
-  },
-  WIKIPEDIA: {
-    input: {
-      serverVerifiedAt: new Date(),
-      contentBlob: { contentText: "unused", contentHash: "hash" },
-      imageOccurrenceSet: { occurrences: [] },
-      lesswrongVersionMeta: null,
-      xVersionMeta: null,
-      substackVersionMeta: null,
-      wikipediaVersionMeta: {
-        lastModifiedAt: SAMPLE_TIMESTAMP,
-        serverHtmlBlob: { htmlContent: "<h2>History</h2><p>Version text.</p>" },
-        clientHtmlBlob: null,
-      },
-      post: {
-        platform: "WIKIPEDIA" as const,
-        url: sampleUrlForPlatform("WIKIPEDIA"),
-        author: { displayName: "Author Name" },
-      },
-    } satisfies PromptPostContextInput,
-  },
-};
-
-test("toPromptPostContext extracts timestamp from each platform's version meta", () => {
-  for (const platform of PLATFORM_VALUES) {
-    const { input, hasVideo } = platformTimestampFixtures[platform];
-    const ctx = toPromptPostContext(input);
-    assert.equal(ctx.platform, platform, `platform=${platform}`);
-    assert.equal(ctx.postPublishedAt, SAMPLE_TIMESTAMP.toISOString(), `platform=${platform}`);
-    if (hasVideo !== undefined) {
-      assert.equal(ctx.hasVideo, hasVideo, `platform=${platform}`);
-    }
-  }
-});
-
-test("toPromptPostContext omits postPublishedAt when platform version meta is absent", () => {
-  for (const platform of PLATFORM_VALUES) {
-    const ctx = toPromptPostContext({
-      serverVerifiedAt: null,
-      contentBlob: { contentText: "unused", contentHash: "hash" },
-      imageOccurrenceSet: { occurrences: [] },
-      lesswrongVersionMeta: null,
-      xVersionMeta: null,
-      substackVersionMeta: null,
-      wikipediaVersionMeta: null,
-      post: {
-        platform,
-        url: sampleUrlForPlatform(platform),
-        author: { displayName: "Author Name" },
-      },
-    });
-    assert.equal(ctx.postPublishedAt, undefined, `platform=${platform}`);
-  }
-});
-
-// --- resolveHtmlSnapshotsFromVersionMeta ---
-
-type HtmlSnapshotsInput = Parameters<typeof resolveHtmlSnapshotsFromVersionMeta>[0];
-
-test("resolveHtmlSnapshotsFromVersionMeta throws when serverVerifiedAt is set but serverHtml is missing", () => {
-  const HTML_PLATFORMS: Platform[] = ["LESSWRONG", "SUBSTACK", "WIKIPEDIA"];
-  for (const platform of HTML_PLATFORMS) {
-    const metaWithMissingServerBlob = {
-      serverHtmlBlob: null,
-      clientHtmlBlob: { htmlContent: "<p>client</p>" },
-    };
-    const input: HtmlSnapshotsInput = {
-      serverVerifiedAt: new Date("2026-02-20T12:00:00.000Z"),
-      contentBlob: { contentText: "unused", contentHash: "hash" },
-      imageOccurrenceSet: { occurrences: [] },
-      lesswrongVersionMeta:
-        platform === "LESSWRONG" ? { publishedAt: null, ...metaWithMissingServerBlob } : null,
-      xVersionMeta: null,
-      substackVersionMeta:
-        platform === "SUBSTACK" ? { publishedAt: null, ...metaWithMissingServerBlob } : null,
-      wikipediaVersionMeta:
-        platform === "WIKIPEDIA" ? { lastModifiedAt: null, ...metaWithMissingServerBlob } : null,
-      post: {
-        platform,
-        url: sampleUrlForPlatform(platform),
-        author: { displayName: "Author" },
-      },
-    };
-    assert.throws(
-      () => resolveHtmlSnapshotsFromVersionMeta(input),
-      /serverVerifiedAt is set but serverHtml is missing/,
-      `platform=${platform}`,
-    );
-  }
-});
-
-// ── Additional invariants ────────────────────────────────────────────────────
-//
-// 6. **Image occurrence mapping**: toPromptPostContext must faithfully forward
-//    image occurrences from the DB shape to the prompt shape, including the
-//    optional captionText field (omitted when null in DB).
-//
-// 7. **authorName omission**: When the post has no author, authorName must be
-//    absent from the returned context (not undefined or empty string).
-//
-// 8. **X hasVideo=false when media has no video URLs**: The X branch must
-//    correctly report hasVideo=false when mediaUrls contains only images.
-//
-// 9. **resolveHtmlSnapshotsFromVersionMeta: X always returns null/null**:
-//    X posts never have server/client HTML blobs.
-//
-// 10. **resolveHtmlSnapshotsFromVersionMeta: server-verified path returns
-//     typed discriminated union**: When serverVerifiedAt is non-null, the
-//     returned type has serverHtml: string (not null).
-
-test("toPromptPostContext maps image occurrences faithfully", () => {
-  const input: PromptPostContextInput = {
-    serverVerifiedAt: null,
-    contentBlob: { contentText: "text", contentHash: "hash" },
-    imageOccurrenceSet: {
-      occurrences: [
-        {
-          originalIndex: 0,
-          normalizedTextOffset: 42,
-          sourceUrl: "https://example.com/img.png",
-          captionText: "A caption",
-        },
-        {
-          originalIndex: 1,
-          normalizedTextOffset: 100,
-          sourceUrl: "https://example.com/img2.png",
-          captionText: null,
-        },
-      ],
-    },
-    lesswrongVersionMeta: null,
-    xVersionMeta: null,
-    substackVersionMeta: {
-      publishedAt: null,
-      serverHtmlBlob: null,
-      clientHtmlBlob: null,
-    },
-    wikipediaVersionMeta: null,
-    post: {
-      platform: "SUBSTACK",
-      url: "https://example.substack.com/p/test",
-      author: null,
-    },
-  };
-
-  const ctx = toPromptPostContext(input);
-  assert.equal(ctx.imageOccurrences.length, 2);
-
-  assert.equal(ctx.imageOccurrences[0]?.originalIndex, 0);
-  assert.equal(ctx.imageOccurrences[0].normalizedTextOffset, 42);
-  assert.equal(ctx.imageOccurrences[0].sourceUrl, "https://example.com/img.png");
-  assert.equal(ctx.imageOccurrences[0].captionText, "A caption");
-
-  assert.equal(ctx.imageOccurrences[1]?.originalIndex, 1);
-  assert.equal(ctx.imageOccurrences[1].captionText, undefined, "null captionText is omitted");
-});
-
-test("toPromptPostContext omits authorName when author is null", () => {
-  for (const platform of PLATFORM_VALUES) {
-    const ctx = toPromptPostContext({
-      serverVerifiedAt: null,
-      contentBlob: { contentText: "text", contentHash: "hash" },
-      imageOccurrenceSet: { occurrences: [] },
-      lesswrongVersionMeta: null,
-      xVersionMeta: null,
-      substackVersionMeta: null,
-      wikipediaVersionMeta: null,
-      post: {
-        platform,
-        url: sampleUrlForPlatform(platform),
-        author: null,
-      },
-    });
-    assert.equal(ctx.authorName, undefined, `platform=${platform}`);
-  }
-});
-
-test("toPromptPostContext: X hasVideo=false when media contains only images", () => {
-  const ctx = toPromptPostContext({
-    serverVerifiedAt: null,
-    contentBlob: { contentText: "tweet", contentHash: "hash" },
-    imageOccurrenceSet: { occurrences: [] },
-    lesswrongVersionMeta: null,
-    xVersionMeta: {
-      postedAt: null,
-      mediaUrls: ["https://pbs.twimg.com/media/photo.jpg"],
-    },
-    substackVersionMeta: null,
-    wikipediaVersionMeta: null,
-    post: {
-      platform: "X",
-      url: "https://x.com/u/status/1",
-      author: { displayName: "User" },
-    },
-  });
-
-  assert.equal(ctx.hasVideo, false);
-});
-
-test("toPromptPostContext: X hasVideo=false when mediaUrls is empty", () => {
-  const ctx = toPromptPostContext({
-    serverVerifiedAt: null,
-    contentBlob: { contentText: "tweet", contentHash: "hash" },
-    imageOccurrenceSet: { occurrences: [] },
-    lesswrongVersionMeta: null,
-    xVersionMeta: {
-      postedAt: null,
-      mediaUrls: [],
-    },
-    substackVersionMeta: null,
-    wikipediaVersionMeta: null,
-    post: {
-      platform: "X",
-      url: "https://x.com/u/status/2",
-      author: null,
-    },
-  });
-
-  assert.equal(ctx.hasVideo, false);
-});
-
-test("toPromptPostContext: non-X platforms have hasVideo=false", () => {
-  const NON_X: Platform[] = ["LESSWRONG", "SUBSTACK", "WIKIPEDIA"];
-  for (const platform of NON_X) {
-    const { input } = platformTimestampFixtures[platform];
-    const ctx = toPromptPostContext(input);
-    assert.equal(ctx.hasVideo, false, `platform=${platform}`);
-  }
-});
-
-test("resolveHtmlSnapshotsFromVersionMeta: X returns null/null regardless of serverVerifiedAt", () => {
-  const input: HtmlSnapshotsInput = {
-    serverVerifiedAt: null,
-    contentBlob: { contentText: "tweet", contentHash: "hash" },
-    imageOccurrenceSet: { occurrences: [] },
-    lesswrongVersionMeta: null,
-    xVersionMeta: { postedAt: null, mediaUrls: [] },
-    substackVersionMeta: null,
-    wikipediaVersionMeta: null,
-    post: {
-      platform: "X",
-      url: "https://x.com/u/status/1",
-      author: null,
-    },
-  };
-
-  const result = resolveHtmlSnapshotsFromVersionMeta(input);
-  assert.equal(result.serverVerifiedAt, null);
-  assert.equal(result.serverHtml, null);
-  assert.equal(result.clientHtml, null);
-});
-
-test("resolveHtmlSnapshotsFromVersionMeta: server-verified returns non-null serverHtml", () => {
-  const input: HtmlSnapshotsInput = {
-    serverVerifiedAt: new Date("2026-02-20T12:00:00.000Z"),
-    contentBlob: { contentText: "unused", contentHash: "hash" },
-    imageOccurrenceSet: { occurrences: [] },
-    lesswrongVersionMeta: {
-      publishedAt: null,
-      serverHtmlBlob: { htmlContent: "<h1>Server</h1>" },
-      clientHtmlBlob: { htmlContent: "<h1>Client</h1>" },
-    },
-    xVersionMeta: null,
-    substackVersionMeta: null,
-    wikipediaVersionMeta: null,
-    post: {
-      platform: "LESSWRONG",
-      url: "https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/example",
-      author: null,
-    },
-  };
-
-  const result = resolveHtmlSnapshotsFromVersionMeta(input);
-  assert.notEqual(result.serverVerifiedAt, null);
-  assert.equal(result.serverHtml, "<h1>Server</h1>");
-  assert.equal(result.clientHtml, "<h1>Client</h1>");
-});
-
-test("resolveHtmlSnapshotsFromVersionMeta: unverified returns nullable serverHtml", () => {
-  const input: HtmlSnapshotsInput = {
-    serverVerifiedAt: null,
-    contentBlob: { contentText: "unused", contentHash: "hash" },
-    imageOccurrenceSet: { occurrences: [] },
-    lesswrongVersionMeta: {
-      publishedAt: null,
-      serverHtmlBlob: null,
-      clientHtmlBlob: { htmlContent: "<h1>Client</h1>" },
-    },
-    xVersionMeta: null,
-    substackVersionMeta: null,
-    wikipediaVersionMeta: null,
-    post: {
-      platform: "LESSWRONG",
-      url: "https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/example",
-      author: null,
-    },
-  };
-
-  const result = resolveHtmlSnapshotsFromVersionMeta(input);
-  assert.equal(result.serverVerifiedAt, null);
-  assert.equal(result.serverHtml, null);
-  assert.equal(result.clientHtml, "<h1>Client</h1>");
-});
diff --git a/src/typescript/api/test/unit/public-read-model.test.ts b/src/typescript/api/test/unit/public-read-model.test.ts
index dfd71c5..2a34a4c 100644
--- a/src/typescript/api/test/unit/public-read-model.test.ts
+++ b/src/typescript/api/test/unit/public-read-model.test.ts
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ interface InvestigationFindFirstResult {
   id: string;
   checkedAt: Date | null;
   provider: string;
-  model: string;
+  model: string | null;
   input: {
     provenance: string;
   } | null;
@@ -124,7 +124,7 @@ test("getPublicInvestigationById maps a complete SERVER_VERIFIED investigation",
         id: "inv_1",
         checkedAt,
         provider: "OPENAI",
-        model: "OPENAI_GPT_5",
+        model: "gpt-6.1-sol",
         input: {
           provenance: "SERVER_VERIFIED",
         },
@@ -176,32 +176,33 @@ test("getPublicInvestigationById maps a complete SERVER_VERIFIED investigation",
     provenance: "SERVER_VERIFIED",
     serverVerifiedAt,
   });
+  assert.equal(result.investigation.model, "gpt-6.1-sol");
   assert.equal(result.post.platform, "X");
   assert.equal(result.post.externalId, "tweet_1");
   assert.equal(result.claims.length, 1);
   assert.equal(result.claims[0]?.sources.length, 1);
 });
 
-test("getPublicInvestigationById throws on invalid lifecycle provenance data", async () => {
+test("getPublicInvestigationById throws when a COMPLETE investigation has no recorded model", async () => {
   const prisma = createMockPrisma({
     investigation: {
       findFirst: async () => ({
-        id: "inv_invalid",
+        id: "inv_no_model",
         checkedAt: new Date("2026-02-27T09:30:00.000Z"),
         provider: "OPENAI",
-        model: "OPENAI_GPT_5",
+        model: null,
         input: {
-          provenance: "UNKNOWN_PROVENANCE",
+          provenance: "SERVER_VERIFIED",
         },
         postVersion: {
-          serverVerifiedAt: null,
+          serverVerifiedAt: new Date("2026-02-27T09:00:00.000Z"),
           contentBlob: {
-            contentHash: "hash-invalid",
+            contentHash: "hash-no-model",
           },
           post: {
             platform: "X",
-            externalId: "tweet_invalid",
-            url: "https://x.com/openerrata/status/tweet_invalid",
+            externalId: "tweet_no_model",
+            url: "https://x.com/openerrata/status/tweet_no_model",
           },
         },
         prompt: {
@@ -217,14 +218,13 @@ test("getPublicInvestigationById throws on invalid lifecycle provenance data", a
   });
 
   await assert.rejects(
-    getPublicInvestigationById(prisma, "inv_invalid"),
+    getPublicInvestigationById(prisma, "inv_no_model"),
     (error: unknown) =>
-      error instanceof PublicReadModelInvariantError &&
-      error.message.includes("invalid provenance"),
+      error instanceof PublicReadModelInvariantError && error.message.includes("null model"),
   );
 });
 
-test("getPublicMetrics computes incidence and handles empty query rows", async () => {
+test("getPublicMetrics computes incidence, and reports none when nothing was investigated", async () => {
   const metricsPrisma = createMockPrisma({
     $queryRaw: async () => [{ total_investigated: 4, with_flags: 1 }],
   });
@@ -242,12 +242,19 @@ test("getPublicMetrics computes incidence and handles empty query rows", async (
   });
 
   const emptyPrisma = createMockPrisma({
-    $queryRaw: async () => [],
+    $queryRaw: async () => [{ total_investigated: 0, with_flags: 0 }],
   });
   const empty = await getPublicMetrics(emptyPrisma, {});
   assert.deepEqual(empty, {
     totalInvestigatedPosts: 0,
     investigatedPostsWithFlags: 0,
-    factCheckIncidence: 0,
+    factCheckIncidence: null,
+  });
+});
+
+test("getPublicMetrics fails loudly if the aggregate query returns no row", async () => {
+  const brokenPrisma = createMockPrisma({
+    $queryRaw: async () => [],
   });
+  await assert.rejects(getPublicMetrics(brokenPrisma, {}), PublicReadModelInvariantError);
 });
diff --git a/src/typescript/api/test/unit/public-schema.test.ts b/src/typescript/api/test/unit/public-schema.test.ts
index 687adf9..b398aaf 100644
--- a/src/typescript/api/test/unit/public-schema.test.ts
+++ b/src/typescript/api/test/unit/public-schema.test.ts
@@ -1,10 +1,7 @@
 import assert from "node:assert/strict";
 import { test } from "node:test";
 import { graphql } from "graphql";
-import { MINIMUM_SUPPORTED_EXTENSION_VERSION } from "../../src/lib/config/env.js";
 import type { PrismaClient } from "../../src/lib/db/prisma-client.js";
-import { appRouter } from "../../src/lib/trpc/router.js";
-import type { Context } from "../../src/lib/trpc/context.js";
 import { createPublicGraphqlSchema } from "../../src/lib/graphql/public-schema.js";
 
 test("createPublicGraphqlSchema uses injected public read-model dependencies", async () => {
@@ -39,7 +36,7 @@ test("createPublicGraphqlSchema uses injected public read-model dependencies", a
           checkedAt: new Date("2026-02-01T00:00:00.000Z"),
           promptVersion: "integration-test-prompt",
           provider: "OPENAI",
-          model: "OPENAI_GPT_5",
+          model: "gpt-6.1-sol",
         },
         post: { platform: "X", externalId: "x-1", url: "https://x.com/openerrata/status/x-1" },
         claims: [],
@@ -155,113 +152,6 @@ test("createPublicGraphqlSchema uses injected public read-model dependencies", a
   });
 });
 
-interface PublicInvestigationGraphqlResult {
-  investigation: {
-    id: string;
-    origin: {
-      provenance: "SERVER_VERIFIED" | "CLIENT_FALLBACK";
-      serverVerifiedAt: Date | string | null;
-    };
-    corroborationCount: number;
-    checkedAt: Date | string;
-    promptVersion: string;
-    provider: string;
-    model: string;
-  };
-  post: {
-    platform: string;
-    externalId: string;
-    url: string;
-  };
-  claims: {
-    id: string;
-    text: string;
-    context: string;
-    summary: string;
-    reasoning: string;
-    sources: {
-      url: string;
-      title: string;
-      snippet: string;
-    }[];
-  }[];
-}
-
-interface PublicInvestigationTrpcResult {
-  investigation: {
-    id: string;
-    origin: {
-      provenance: "SERVER_VERIFIED" | "CLIENT_FALLBACK";
-      serverVerifiedAt?: string | undefined;
-    };
-    corroborationCount: number;
-    checkedAt: string;
-    promptVersion: string;
-    provider: string;
-    model: string;
-  };
-  post: {
-    platform: string;
-    externalId: string;
-    url: string;
-  };
-  claims: {
-    id: string;
-    text: string;
-    context: string;
-    summary: string;
-    reasoning: string;
-    sources: {
-      url: string;
-      title: string;
-      snippet: string;
-    }[];
-  }[];
-}
-
-function normalizePublicInvestigationResult(
-  input: PublicInvestigationGraphqlResult | PublicInvestigationTrpcResult,
-) {
-  const toIsoOrNull = (value: Date | string | null | undefined): string | null => {
-    if (value === null || value === undefined) {
-      return null;
-    }
-    return value instanceof Date ? value.toISOString() : value;
-  };
-
-  return {
-    investigation: {
-      id: input.investigation.id,
-      origin: {
-        provenance: input.investigation.origin.provenance,
-        serverVerifiedAt: toIsoOrNull(input.investigation.origin.serverVerifiedAt),
-      },
-      corroborationCount: input.investigation.corroborationCount,
-      checkedAt: toIsoOrNull(input.investigation.checkedAt),
-      promptVersion: input.investigation.promptVersion,
-      provider: input.investigation.provider,
-      model: input.investigation.model,
-    },
-    post: {
-      platform: input.post.platform,
-      externalId: input.post.externalId,
-      url: input.post.url,
-    },
-    claims: input.claims.map((claim) => ({
-      id: claim.id,
-      text: claim.text,
-      context: claim.context,
-      summary: claim.summary,
-      reasoning: claim.reasoning,
-      sources: claim.sources.map((source) => ({
-        url: source.url,
-        title: source.title,
-        snippet: source.snippet,
-      })),
-    })),
-  };
-}
-
 interface MockPublicInvestigationRow {
   id: string;
   checkedAt: Date | null;
@@ -325,13 +215,13 @@ function createPublicPrismaMock(
   return prisma as PrismaClient;
 }
 
-test("public.getInvestigation is semantically consistent between tRPC and GraphQL", async () => {
+test("publicInvestigation maps trust signals and claims from the read model", async () => {
   const rowsByInvestigationId: Record<string, MockPublicInvestigationRow> = {
     "inv-server": {
       id: "inv-server",
       checkedAt: new Date("2026-02-28T09:30:00.000Z"),
       provider: "OPENAI",
-      model: "OPENAI_GPT_5",
+      model: "gpt-6.1-sol",
       input: {
         provenance: "SERVER_VERIFIED",
       },
@@ -373,7 +263,7 @@ test("public.getInvestigation is semantically consistent between tRPC and GraphQ
       id: "inv-fallback",
       checkedAt: new Date("2026-02-28T10:30:00.000Z"),
       provider: "OPENAI",
-      model: "OPENAI_GPT_5",
+      model: "gpt-6.1-sol",
       input: {
         provenance: "CLIENT_FALLBACK",
       },
@@ -398,21 +288,6 @@ test("public.getInvestigation is semantically consistent between tRPC and GraphQ
     },
   };
   const prisma = createPublicPrismaMock(rowsByInvestigationId);
-  const event = Object.create(null) as Context["event"];
-
-  const caller = appRouter.createCaller({
-    event,
-    prisma,
-    viewerKey: "unit-viewer",
-    ipRangeKey: "unit-ip-range",
-    isAuthenticated: false,
-    canInvestigate: false,
-    userOpenAiApiKey: null,
-    hasValidAttestation: false,
-    extensionVersion: null,
-    minimumSupportedExtensionVersion: MINIMUM_SUPPORTED_EXTENSION_VERSION,
-  });
-
   const graphqlSchema = createPublicGraphqlSchema();
   const graphqlQuery = `
     query PublicInvestigation($investigationId: ID!) {
@@ -450,15 +325,59 @@ test("public.getInvestigation is semantically consistent between tRPC and GraphQ
     }
   `;
 
-  for (const investigationId of ["inv-server", "inv-fallback"] as const) {
-    const trpcResult = await caller.public.getInvestigation({
-      investigationId,
-    });
-    assert.notEqual(trpcResult, null);
-    if (trpcResult === null) {
-      throw new Error("Expected tRPC public.getInvestigation result");
-    }
+  const expected = {
+    "inv-server": {
+      investigation: {
+        id: "inv-server",
+        origin: { provenance: "SERVER_VERIFIED", serverVerifiedAt: "2026-02-28T09:00:00.000Z" },
+        corroborationCount: 3,
+        checkedAt: "2026-02-28T09:30:00.000Z",
+        promptVersion: "v1.11.0",
+        provider: "OPENAI",
+        model: "gpt-6.1-sol",
+      },
+      post: {
+        platform: "X",
+        externalId: "x-server",
+        url: "https://x.com/openerrata/status/x-server",
+      },
+      claims: [
+        {
+          id: "claim-server",
+          text: "Claim text",
+          context: "Claim context",
+          summary: "Claim summary",
+          reasoning: "Claim reasoning",
+          sources: [
+            {
+              url: "https://example.com/source-server",
+              title: "Server Source",
+              snippet: "Server snippet",
+            },
+          ],
+        },
+      ],
+    },
+    "inv-fallback": {
+      investigation: {
+        id: "inv-fallback",
+        origin: { provenance: "CLIENT_FALLBACK", serverVerifiedAt: null },
+        corroborationCount: 1,
+        checkedAt: "2026-02-28T10:30:00.000Z",
+        promptVersion: "v1.11.0",
+        provider: "OPENAI",
+        model: "gpt-6.1-sol",
+      },
+      post: {
+        platform: "LESSWRONG",
+        externalId: "lw-fallback",
+        url: "https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/lw-fallback",
+      },
+      claims: [],
+    },
+  };
 
+  for (const investigationId of ["inv-server", "inv-fallback"] as const) {
     const graphqlResponse = await graphql({
       schema: graphqlSchema,
       source: graphqlQuery,
@@ -466,20 +385,8 @@ test("public.getInvestigation is semantically consistent between tRPC and GraphQ
       contextValue: { prisma },
     });
     assert.deepEqual(graphqlResponse.errors, undefined);
-
-    const publicInvestigation = (
-      graphqlResponse.data as {
-        publicInvestigation: PublicInvestigationGraphqlResult | null;
-      }
-    ).publicInvestigation;
-    assert.notEqual(publicInvestigation, null);
-    if (publicInvestigation === null) {
-      throw new Error("Expected GraphQL publicInvestigation result");
-    }
-
-    assert.deepEqual(
-      normalizePublicInvestigationResult(trpcResult),
-      normalizePublicInvestigationResult(publicInvestigation),
-    );
+    assert.deepEqual(JSON.parse(JSON.stringify(graphqlResponse.data)), {
+      publicInvestigation: expected[investigationId],
+    });
   }
 });
diff --git a/src/typescript/api/test/unit/queue-lifecycle.test.ts b/src/typescript/api/test/unit/queue-lifecycle.test.ts
deleted file mode 100644
index ccb98c9..0000000
--- a/src/typescript/api/test/unit/queue-lifecycle.test.ts
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,354 +0,0 @@
-import assert from "node:assert/strict";
-import { test } from "node:test";
-import {
-  QUEUE_ERROR_CODES,
-  QueueClosedError,
-  QueueConnectError,
-  QueueReleaseError,
-  createQueueManager,
-  type QueueErrorCode,
-  type Releasable,
-} from "../../src/lib/services/queue-lifecycle.js";
-import {
-  createDeterministicRandom,
-  randomChance,
-  randomInt,
-  sleep,
-  withTimeout,
-} from "../helpers/fuzz-utils.js";
-
-type QueueErrorClass =
-  | typeof QueueClosedError
-  | typeof QueueConnectError
-  | typeof QueueReleaseError;
-
-function expectQueueError(
-  error: unknown,
-  expectedClass: QueueErrorClass,
-  expectedCode: QueueErrorCode,
-  expectedCause?: unknown,
-): true {
-  assert.ok(error instanceof expectedClass);
-  assert.equal(error.code, expectedCode);
-  if (expectedCause !== undefined) {
-    assert.equal(error.cause, expectedCause);
-  }
-  return true;
-}
-
-function createMockUtils(): Releasable & { released: boolean } {
-  return {
-    released: false,
-    async release() {
-      this.released = true;
-    },
-  };
-}
-
-function deferred<T>(): {
-  promise: Promise<T>;
-  resolve: (value: T) => void;
-  reject: (error: Error) => void;
-} {
-  let resolve!: (value: T) => void;
-  let reject!: (error: Error) => void;
-  const promise = new Promise<T>((res, rej) => {
-    resolve = res;
-    reject = rej;
-  });
-  return { promise, resolve, reject };
-}
-
-test("acquire returns connected utils", async () => {
-  const mockUtils = createMockUtils();
-  const manager = createQueueManager(async () => mockUtils);
-  const utils = await manager.acquire();
-  assert.equal(utils, mockUtils);
-});
-
-test("acquire coalesces concurrent callers on the same connection", async () => {
-  let connectCount = 0;
-  const mockUtils = createMockUtils();
-  const manager = createQueueManager(async () => {
-    connectCount++;
-    return mockUtils;
-  });
-
-  const [a, b, c] = await Promise.all([manager.acquire(), manager.acquire(), manager.acquire()]);
-
-  assert.equal(a, mockUtils);
-  assert.equal(b, mockUtils);
-  assert.equal(c, mockUtils);
-  assert.equal(connectCount, 1);
-});
-
-test("acquire reuses ready utils without reconnecting", async () => {
-  let connectCount = 0;
-  const mockUtils = createMockUtils();
-  const manager = createQueueManager(async () => {
-    connectCount++;
-    return mockUtils;
-  });
-
-  await manager.acquire();
-  await manager.acquire();
-  await manager.acquire();
-  assert.equal(connectCount, 1);
-});
-
-test("acquire throws after close", async () => {
-  const manager = createQueueManager(async () => createMockUtils());
-  await manager.close();
-  await assert.rejects(
-    () => manager.acquire(),
-    (error) => expectQueueError(error, QueueClosedError, QUEUE_ERROR_CODES.CLOSED),
-  );
-});
-
-test("close releases ready utils", async () => {
-  const mockUtils = createMockUtils();
-  const manager = createQueueManager(async () => mockUtils);
-  await manager.acquire();
-  assert.equal(mockUtils.released, false);
-
-  await manager.close();
-  assert.equal(mockUtils.released, true);
-  await assert.rejects(
-    () => manager.acquire(),
-    (error) => expectQueueError(error, QueueClosedError, QUEUE_ERROR_CODES.CLOSED),
-  );
-});
-
-test("close during initialization waits for init then releases", async () => {
-  const mockUtils = createMockUtils();
-  const init = deferred<Releasable>();
-  const manager = createQueueManager(() => init.promise);
-
-  // Start acquisition (blocks on init)
-  const acquirePromise = manager.acquire();
-
-  // Request close while init is pending
-  const closePromise = manager.close();
-
-  // Resolve init — close should release the utils
-  init.resolve(mockUtils);
-  await closePromise;
-
-  assert.equal(mockUtils.released, true);
-  await assert.rejects(
-    () => acquirePromise,
-    (error) => expectQueueError(error, QueueClosedError, QUEUE_ERROR_CODES.CLOSED),
-  );
-});
-
-test("close during failed initialization transitions to closed", async () => {
-  const init = deferred<Releasable>();
-  const manager = createQueueManager(() => init.promise);
-
-  // Start acquisition (blocks on init)
-  const acquirePromise = manager.acquire();
-
-  // Request close while init is pending
-  const closePromise = manager.close();
-
-  // Reject init — nothing to release, close should succeed
-  init.reject(new Error("connection refused"));
-  await closePromise;
-
-  // acquire should see "closed", not the connection error
-  await assert.rejects(
-    () => acquirePromise,
-    (error) => expectQueueError(error, QueueClosedError, QUEUE_ERROR_CODES.CLOSED),
-  );
-});
-
-test("acquire swallows close errors and retries on next call", async () => {
-  let connectCount = 0;
-  const goodUtils = createMockUtils();
-  const releaseFailure = new Error("release failed");
-  const failingUtils: Releasable = {
-    async release() {
-      throw releaseFailure;
-    },
-  };
-
-  const manager = createQueueManager(async () => {
-    connectCount++;
-    if (connectCount === 1) return failingUtils;
-    return goodUtils;
-  });
-
-  // First acquire succeeds
-  await manager.acquire();
-
-  // Close fails because release throws — state reverts to idle
-  await assert.rejects(
-    () => manager.close(),
-    (error) =>
-      expectQueueError(error, QueueReleaseError, QUEUE_ERROR_CODES.RELEASE_FAILED, releaseFailure),
-  );
-
-  // Second acquire should reconnect (not throw "closed" or "release failed")
-  const utils = await manager.acquire();
-  assert.equal(utils, goodUtils);
-  assert.equal(connectCount, 2);
-});
-
-test("acquire retries after connection failure", async () => {
-  let connectCount = 0;
-  const mockUtils = createMockUtils();
-  const connectionFailure = new Error("connection refused");
-  const manager = createQueueManager(async () => {
-    connectCount++;
-    if (connectCount === 1) throw connectionFailure;
-    return mockUtils;
-  });
-
-  await assert.rejects(
-    () => manager.acquire(),
-    (error) =>
-      expectQueueError(
-        error,
-        QueueConnectError,
-        QUEUE_ERROR_CODES.CONNECT_FAILED,
-        connectionFailure,
-      ),
-  );
-
-  const utils = await manager.acquire();
-  assert.equal(utils, mockUtils);
-  assert.equal(connectCount, 2);
-});
-
-test("concurrent close callers coalesce on the same promise", async () => {
-  const mockUtils = createMockUtils();
-  const manager = createQueueManager(async () => mockUtils);
-  await manager.acquire();
-
-  // Both close calls should resolve without error
-  await Promise.all([manager.close(), manager.close()]);
-  assert.equal(mockUtils.released, true);
-});
-
-test("close is idempotent", async () => {
-  const manager = createQueueManager(async () => createMockUtils());
-  await manager.close();
-  await manager.close();
-  await assert.rejects(
-    () => manager.acquire(),
-    (error) => expectQueueError(error, QueueClosedError, QUEUE_ERROR_CODES.CLOSED),
-  );
-});
-
-test("randomized acquire/close schedule preserves lifecycle invariants", async () => {
-  const random = createDeterministicRandom(0x5eedc0de);
-  const rounds = 16;
-  const actionsPerRound = 80;
-
-  for (let round = 0; round < rounds; round += 1) {
-    let connectInFlight = 0;
-    let maxConnectInFlight = 0;
-    let successfulConnectCount = 0;
-    let releaseCallCount = 0;
-    let closeSuccessCount = 0;
-    let injectReleaseFailures = true;
-    const seenUtils = new Set<object>();
-
-    const manager = createQueueManager(async () => {
-      connectInFlight += 1;
-      maxConnectInFlight = Math.max(maxConnectInFlight, connectInFlight);
-
-      try {
-        await sleep(randomInt(random, 0, 4));
-
-        if (randomChance(random, 0.2)) {
-          throw new Error(`connect failed in round ${round.toString()}`);
-        }
-
-        const utils = {
-          id: `${round.toString()}-${successfulConnectCount.toString()}`,
-          async release() {
-            releaseCallCount += 1;
-            await sleep(randomInt(random, 0, 4));
-            if (injectReleaseFailures && randomChance(random, 0.15)) {
-              throw new Error(`release failed in round ${round.toString()}`);
-            }
-          },
-        };
-
-        successfulConnectCount += 1;
-        seenUtils.add(utils);
-        return utils;
-      } finally {
-        connectInFlight -= 1;
-      }
-    });
-
-    const operationPromises = Array.from({ length: actionsPerRound }, () =>
-      (async () => {
-        await sleep(randomInt(random, 0, 5));
-        const runAcquire = randomChance(random, 0.65);
-
-        if (runAcquire) {
-          const startedAfterClose = closeSuccessCount > 0;
-          try {
-            const utils = await manager.acquire();
-            assert.equal(seenUtils.has(utils), true, "acquire returned an unknown utils instance");
-            if (startedAfterClose) {
-              assert.fail("acquire resolved successfully even though manager was already closed");
-            }
-          } catch (error) {
-            assert.equal(
-              error instanceof QueueClosedError || error instanceof QueueConnectError,
-              true,
-              "acquire rejected with unexpected error class",
-            );
-          }
-          return;
-        }
-
-        try {
-          await manager.close();
-          closeSuccessCount += 1;
-        } catch (error) {
-          assert.equal(
-            error instanceof QueueReleaseError,
-            true,
-            "close rejected with unexpected error class",
-          );
-        }
-      })(),
-    );
-
-    await withTimeout(
-      Promise.all(operationPromises).then(() => undefined),
-      10_000,
-      `queue lifecycle random round ${round.toString()} timed out`,
-    );
-
-    // Final close should deterministically terminate the manager. Release
-    // failures above are intentionally injected for concurrent lifecycle paths.
-    injectReleaseFailures = false;
-    await manager.close();
-
-    assert.equal(
-      maxConnectInFlight <= 1,
-      true,
-      "connect should never run concurrently across callers",
-    );
-    assert.equal(
-      releaseCallCount <= successfulConnectCount,
-      true,
-      "release calls cannot exceed successful connections",
-    );
-
-    await Promise.all(
-      Array.from({ length: 8 }, async () => {
-        await assert.rejects(
-          () => manager.acquire(),
-          (error) => expectQueueError(error, QueueClosedError, QUEUE_ERROR_CODES.CLOSED),
-        );
-      }),
-    );
-  }
-});
diff --git a/src/typescript/api/test/unit/request-identity.test.ts b/src/typescript/api/test/unit/request-identity.test.ts
index 7c3e564..d32e491 100644
--- a/src/typescript/api/test/unit/request-identity.test.ts
+++ b/src/typescript/api/test/unit/request-identity.test.ts
@@ -2,9 +2,13 @@ import assert from "node:assert/strict";
 import { test } from "node:test";
 import { deriveRequestIdentity } from "../../src/lib/services/request-identity.js";
 
-test("deriveRequestIdentity uses authenticated viewer key path when api key is active", async () => {
+const dependencies = {
+  hashContent: async (value: string) => `hash:${value}`,
+  deriveIpRangePrefix: (address: string) => `prefix:${address}`,
+};
+
+test("deriveRequestIdentity keys authenticated viewers by their instance API key", async () => {
   const lookedUpApiKeys: string[] = [];
-  const verifiedSignatures: { body: string; signature: string }[] = [];
 
   const identity = await deriveRequestIdentity(
     {
@@ -12,37 +16,26 @@ test("deriveRequestIdentity uses authenticated viewer key path when api key is a
       userAgent: "UnitTestBrowser/1.0",
       instanceApiKey: " live-key ",
       userOpenAiApiKey: " sk-user ",
-      attestationSignature: "sig-v1",
-      attestationBody: '{"hello":"world"}',
     },
     {
-      hashContent: async (value) => `hash:${value}`,
+      ...dependencies,
       findActiveInstanceApiKeyHash: async (apiKey) => {
         lookedUpApiKeys.push(apiKey);
         return apiKey === "live-key" ? "api-hash" : null;
       },
-      deriveIpRangePrefix: (address) => `prefix:${address}`,
-      verifyHmac: async (body, signature) => {
-        verifiedSignatures.push({ body, signature });
-        return true;
-      },
     },
   );
 
   assert.deepEqual(lookedUpApiKeys, ["live-key"]);
-  assert.deepEqual(verifiedSignatures, [{ body: '{"hello":"world"}', signature: "sig-v1" }]);
   assert.deepEqual(identity, {
-    authenticatedApiKeyHash: "api-hash",
     viewerKey: "hash:apikey:api-hash",
     ipRangeKey: "hash:iprange:prefix:203.0.113.7",
-    userOpenAiApiKey: "sk-user",
     isAuthenticated: true,
-    canInvestigate: true,
-    hasValidAttestation: true,
+    userOpenAiApiKey: "sk-user",
   });
 });
 
-test("deriveRequestIdentity uses anonymous viewer key path when api key is absent", async () => {
+test("deriveRequestIdentity keys anonymous viewers by address and user agent", async () => {
   let lookupCount = 0;
   const identity = await deriveRequestIdentity(
     {
@@ -50,74 +43,37 @@ test("deriveRequestIdentity uses anonymous viewer key path when api key is absen
       userAgent: "UnitTestBrowser/2.0",
       instanceApiKey: "  ",
       userOpenAiApiKey: null,
-      attestationSignature: null,
-      attestationBody: null,
     },
     {
-      hashContent: async (value) => `hash:${value}`,
+      ...dependencies,
       findActiveInstanceApiKeyHash: async () => {
         lookupCount += 1;
         return "should-not-be-used";
       },
-      deriveIpRangePrefix: (address) => `prefix:${address}`,
-      verifyHmac: async () => true,
     },
   );
 
   assert.equal(lookupCount, 0);
   assert.deepEqual(identity, {
-    authenticatedApiKeyHash: null,
     viewerKey: "hash:anon:198.51.100.11:UnitTestBrowser/2.0",
     ipRangeKey: "hash:iprange:prefix:198.51.100.11",
-    userOpenAiApiKey: null,
     isAuthenticated: false,
-    canInvestigate: false,
-    hasValidAttestation: false,
+    userOpenAiApiKey: null,
   });
 });
 
-test("deriveRequestIdentity allows investigate with user-provided OpenAI key", async () => {
+test("deriveRequestIdentity treats an unknown or revoked instance key as anonymous", async () => {
   const identity = await deriveRequestIdentity(
     {
-      clientAddress: "192.0.2.44",
+      clientAddress: "198.51.100.12",
       userAgent: "UnitTestBrowser/3.0",
-      instanceApiKey: null,
-      userOpenAiApiKey: "  sk-openai  ",
-      attestationSignature: null,
-      attestationBody: "",
-    },
-    {
-      hashContent: async (value) => `hash:${value}`,
-      findActiveInstanceApiKeyHash: async () => null,
-      deriveIpRangePrefix: (address) => `prefix:${address}`,
-      verifyHmac: async () => true,
+      instanceApiKey: "revoked-key",
+      userOpenAiApiKey: "sk-user",
     },
+    { ...dependencies, findActiveInstanceApiKeyHash: async () => null },
   );
 
   assert.equal(identity.isAuthenticated, false);
-  assert.equal(identity.userOpenAiApiKey, "sk-openai");
-  assert.equal(identity.canInvestigate, true);
-});
-
-test("deriveRequestIdentity marks attestation invalid when verifier throws", async () => {
-  const identity = await deriveRequestIdentity(
-    {
-      clientAddress: "198.18.0.5",
-      userAgent: "UnitTestBrowser/4.0",
-      instanceApiKey: null,
-      userOpenAiApiKey: null,
-      attestationSignature: "sig-v1",
-      attestationBody: "payload",
-    },
-    {
-      hashContent: async (value) => `hash:${value}`,
-      findActiveInstanceApiKeyHash: async () => null,
-      deriveIpRangePrefix: (address) => `prefix:${address}`,
-      verifyHmac: async () => {
-        throw new Error("boom");
-      },
-    },
-  );
-
-  assert.equal(identity.hasValidAttestation, false);
+  assert.equal(identity.viewerKey, "hash:anon:198.51.100.12:UnitTestBrowser/3.0");
+  assert.equal(identity.userOpenAiApiKey, "sk-user");
 });
diff --git a/src/typescript/api/test/unit/startup-config.test.ts b/src/typescript/api/test/unit/startup-config.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..eb38c00
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/typescript/api/test/unit/startup-config.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+import assert from "node:assert/strict";
+import { test } from "node:test";
+import { assertClientAddressSourceConfigured } from "../../src/lib/config/startup.js";
+
+/**
+ * In production the API sits behind the ingress proxy; without a trusted
+ * client-address header every viewer would share the proxy's IP range and the
+ * per-range view-credit cap would flatten selector ranking.
+ */
+
+test("production API refuses to start without ADDRESS_HEADER", () => {
+  assert.throws(() => assertClientAddressSourceConfigured({}), /ADDRESS_HEADER/);
+  assert.throws(
+    () => assertClientAddressSourceConfigured({ ADDRESS_HEADER: " " }),
+    /ADDRESS_HEADER/,
+  );
+});
+
+test("X-Forwarded-For needs an explicit positive XFF_DEPTH", () => {
+  for (const XFF_DEPTH of [undefined, "", "0", "-1", "one"]) {
+    assert.throws(
+      () =>
+        assertClientAddressSourceConfigured({
+          ADDRESS_HEADER: "X-Forwarded-For",
+          ...(XFF_DEPTH === undefined ? {} : { XFF_DEPTH }),
+        }),
+      /XFF_DEPTH/,
+      String(XFF_DEPTH),
+    );
+  }
+});
+
+test("the chart's defaults and single-value headers are accepted", () => {
+  assertClientAddressSourceConfigured({ ADDRESS_HEADER: "x-forwarded-for", XFF_DEPTH: "1" });
+  assertClientAddressSourceConfigured({ ADDRESS_HEADER: "cf-connecting-ip" });
+});
diff --git a/src/typescript/api/test/unit/update-lineage.test.ts b/src/typescript/api/test/unit/update-lineage.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4aa97e8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/typescript/api/test/unit/update-lineage.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+import assert from "node:assert/strict";
+import { test } from "node:test";
+import { buildLineDiff } from "../../src/lib/services/update-lineage.js";
+
+test("buildLineDiff reports no changes for identical text", () => {
+  assert.equal(buildLineDiff("same\ncontent", "same\ncontent"), "No changes detected.");
+});
+
+test("buildLineDiff reports the differing middle as removed and added lines", () => {
+  const diff = buildLineDiff("keep one\nremove me\nkeep tail", "keep one\nadd me\nkeep tail");
+  assert.equal(
+    diff,
+    "Diff summary (line context):\n- Removed lines:\nremove me\n+ Added lines:\nadd me",
+  );
+});
+
+test("buildLineDiff marks a pure insertion with no removed lines", () => {
+  const diff = buildLineDiff("head\ntail", "head\nnew\ntail");
+  assert.match(diff, /- Removed lines:\n\(none\)/);
+  assert.match(diff, /\+ Added lines:\nnew/);
+});
diff --git a/src/typescript/api/test/unit/word-count.test.ts b/src/typescript/api/test/unit/word-count.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..20f4380
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/typescript/api/test/unit/word-count.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+import assert from "node:assert/strict";
+import { test } from "node:test";
+import { WORD_COUNT_LIMIT } from "@openerrata/shared";
+import { wordCount } from "../../src/lib/services/word-count.js";
+
+/**
+ * wordCount is what ContentBlob.wordCount stores, and investigateNow and the
+ * selector compare it against WORD_COUNT_LIMIT, so the count must be stable
+ * across whitespace kinds and the limit boundary must be exact.
+ */
+
+test("wordCount splits on any run of whitespace, including non-breaking space", () => {
+  assert.equal(wordCount("hello world"), 2);
+  assert.equal(wordCount("hello   world\t\tfoo\nbar"), 4);
+  assert.equal(wordCount("hello world"), 2);
+});
+
+test("wordCount returns 0 for empty and whitespace-only text", () => {
+  assert.equal(wordCount(""), 0);
+  assert.equal(wordCount("   \t\n  "), 0);
+  assert.equal(wordCount("\n\n\n"), 0);
+});
+
+test("wordCount treats punctuation-joined and non-Latin tokens as single words", () => {
+  assert.equal(wordCount("mother-in-law it's don't"), 3);
+  assert.equal(wordCount("Hello, world!"), 2);
+  assert.equal(wordCount("你好 世界"), 2);
+  assert.equal(wordCount("🎉 🎊 🎈"), 3);
+  assert.equal(wordCount("a".repeat(10_000)), 1);
+});
+
+test("wordCount is exact at the WORD_COUNT_LIMIT boundary", () => {
+  const words = (count: number): string =>
+    Array.from({ length: count }, (_, i) => `word${i.toString()}`).join(" ");
+  assert.equal(wordCount(words(WORD_COUNT_LIMIT)), WORD_COUNT_LIMIT);
+  assert.equal(wordCount(words(WORD_COUNT_LIMIT + 1)), WORD_COUNT_LIMIT + 1);
+});
diff --git a/src/typescript/api/tsconfig.json b/src/typescript/api/tsconfig.json
index ebd3a03..d1d86cd 100644
--- a/src/typescript/api/tsconfig.json
+++ b/src/typescript/api/tsconfig.json
@@ -4,5 +4,5 @@
     "lib": ["ES2022"],
     "types": ["node"]
   },
-  "include": ["src", "test", "prisma.config.ts"]
+  "include": ["src", "test", "scripts", "prisma.config.ts"]
 }
diff --git a/src/typescript/extension/AGENTS.md b/src/typescript/extension/AGENTS.md
index 2554321..8fe041a 100644
--- a/src/typescript/extension/AGENTS.md
+++ b/src/typescript/extension/AGENTS.md
@@ -30,23 +30,27 @@ After building:
 ### Message Flow
 
 ```
-Content Script (runs on supported pages)
-  → extract content via platform adapter
-  → browser.runtime.sendMessage({ type: "PAGE_CONTENT", payload })
-  → Background runtime (service worker in Chrome, scripts/event page in Firefox)
-      → api-client.ts: HTTP POST to /trpc/post.registerObservedVersion
-      → receives { postVersionId, versionHash, provenance }
-      → api-client.ts: HTTP POST to /trpc/post.recordViewAndGetStatus({ postVersionId })
-      → optional: /trpc/post.investigateNow({ postVersionId }) when auto-investigate is enabled
-      → OpenErrata API
-  ← response with investigationState + claims
-  → Content Script renders annotations (or records "skipped")
+Content Script (runs on supported pages; one controller per page)
+  → extract content via platform adapter (shared text index, src/content/dom-text-index.ts)
+  → PAGE_CONTENT { tabSessionId, content }       (typed: src/lib/messaging.ts)
+  → Background runtime (service worker in Chrome, event page in Firefox)
+      → api-client.ts: post.registerObservedVersion → { postVersionId, ... }
+      → api-client.ts: post.recordViewAndGetStatus({ postVersionId })
+      → caches the page session's status in storage.session (background/tab-state.ts)
+      → INVESTIGATING (started here or elsewhere) → polls post.getInvestigation
+      → optional: post.investigateNow when auto-investigate is enabled
+  ← reply: the cached ExtensionPostStatus; later updates arrive as STATUS_CHANGED
+  → Content Script renders highlights (or reports PAGE_SKIPPED)
 ```
 
-The popup communicates with the background via `browser.runtime.sendMessage`
-using the same message protocol. The popup sends `GET_CACHED` to fetch the
-active tab's status; the background queries `browser.tabs.query` to resolve
-the active tab (since popup messages have no `sender.tab`).
+The message protocol (types, payloads, responses) is one table per direction
+in `shared/src/schemas/extension-protocol.ts`; see SPEC §3.8.1. The popup asks
+the background for a tab's status with `GET_TAB_STATUS { tabId }` and talks to
+the tab's content script directly (`GET_VISIBILITY`, `REQUEST_INVESTIGATE`,
+`FOCUS_CLAIM`, ...). The background relays History API navigations to the
+content script as `LOCATION_CHANGED` (content scripts run in an isolated world
+and cannot see the page's `pushState`) and probes for a live content script
+with the side-effect-free `PING` before injecting one.
 
 ### Content Scripts — IIFE Build Requirement
 
@@ -67,33 +71,34 @@ the background worker and communicate via messages.
 
 ### Platform Adapters
 
-Each adapter implements `PlatformAdapter` (defined in `adapters/lesswrong.ts`):
+Each adapter implements `PlatformAdapter` (`adapters/model.ts`):
 
-- `matches(url)` — does this URL belong to this platform?
-- `extract(document)` — extract `PlatformContent` from the DOM
-- `getContentRoot(document)` — return the element containing the post body
+- `matches(url)` / `detectFromDom(document)` — URL-first platform selection, DOM fallback
+- `pageLocator(url)` — what the URL says about the post (`lib/page-locator.ts`, the one URL parser)
+- `extract(document)` — `PlatformContent` (or a not-ready reason)
+- `getContentRoot(document)` + `contentExclusionFilter(root)` — the root and the
+  non-content subtrees; text extraction, claim matching and HTML snapshots all
+  go through these, so they agree with each other and with the API
 
-The `PlatformContent` includes a `platform` field (the string union value)
-and `metadata` with platform-specific fields (slug, title, author, etc.).
-
-**Media detection**: adapters classify posts as `text_only`, `has_images`, or
-`has_video`. Image posts are investigated; `has_video` posts are skipped.
-Adapters also skip private/protected/subscriber-only views with
-`reason: "private_or_gated"` and do not send content to the API in that case.
-The content script sends `PAGE_SKIPPED` when skipping.
+**Media detection**: content carries `hasVideo` and its image occurrences
+(`has_video` > `has_images` > `text_only`). Image posts are investigated;
+video posts are skipped. Adapters also skip private/protected/subscriber-only
+views with `reason: "private_or_gated"` and do not send content to the API in
+that case. The content script sends `PAGE_SKIPPED` when skipping.
 
 ### LessWrong Adapter
 
 - URL pattern: `lesswrong.com/posts/{postId}/{slug}`
-- Content selector: `.PostsPage-postContent`
+- Content selector: `#postContent` inside the `.PostsPage-postContent` whose JSON-LD names the post
 - Media check: `img, video, iframe` inside the content element
 - Source: `vendor/ForumMagnum/` has the LessWrong source for selector reference
 
 ### X/Twitter Adapter
 
 - URL pattern: `x.com/{author}/status/{tweetId}` (also `twitter.com`)
-- Content selector: `[data-testid="tweetText"]`
-- Media check: `tweetPhoto`, `videoPlayer`, `card.wrapper` test IDs
+- Content selector: `[data-testid="tweetText"]` (logged in) or the article's own
+  `div[dir="auto"]` (logged-out frontend, no test IDs)
+- Media check: `tweetPhoto`/`card.wrapper` images, `videoPlayer` or any `<video>`
 - Note: X DOM selectors are fragile and change periodically
 
 ### Wikipedia Adapter
@@ -114,11 +119,12 @@ If all tiers fail, the claim appears in the popup but is not annotated inline.
 
 ### Annotation Rendering
 
-- Red wavy underline via `<mark class="openerrata-annotation">`
+- Red wavy underline via `<mark class="openerrata-annotation">`, one per text-node piece
 - Hover tooltip with claim summary
-- Click opens detail panel with full reasoning + source links
-- `clearAnnotations()` unwraps all marks before re-applying
+- Click opens detail panel with full reasoning (markdown, no images, allowlisted tags) + source links
+- Clearing restores the page's own text nodes (never `normalize()`s nodes React owns)
 - MutationObserver re-applies annotations after SPA re-renders
+- Page HTML sent to the API is serialized with marks unwrapped (`cloneWithoutAnnotations`)
 
 ### Extension Settings
 
@@ -126,14 +132,28 @@ The options page (`options/App.svelte`) stores settings in `browser.storage.loca
 
 - `openaiApiKey` — user-provided OpenAI key for request-scoped investigations
 - `autoInvestigate` — auto-trigger investigate-now after the register+record flow returns `NOT_INVESTIGATED`
-- `apiBaseUrl` — API server URL (default: `https://api.openerrata.com`)
-- `hmacSecret` — optional override for request attestation secret
+- `apiBaseUrl` — API server URL (default when unset: `https://api.openerrata.com`)
 - `apiKey` — optional instance API key
 
-`src/lib/settings.ts` is the source of truth for parsing defaults and storage
-shape. Both the options page and background API client use it.
-
-When a user saves a non-localhost API URL, the options page requests
-host-origin permission via `browser.permissions.request` before persisting the
-URL. The background's `api-client.ts` then reads settings on init (and on
-storage changes) and uses them for all API calls.
+`src/lib/settings-core.ts` is the source of truth for parsing and storage
+shape: loading yields `VALID` settings or `INVALID` with the problem. An
+invalid stored value (e.g. an API URL that fails validation) is shown in the
+options page and popup and blocks API calls — it is never replaced by the
+hosted default.
+
+When a user saves an API URL, the options page requests host-origin
+permission via `browser.permissions.request` before persisting it (`http://`
+origins are optional host permissions). The background's `api-client.ts`
+reads settings lazily, re-reads them on storage changes, and uses them for all
+API calls. API calls are untyped at the tRPC level (`TRPCUntypedClient`);
+inputs and outputs are pinned by the shared `ExtensionApiProcedureContract`
+and validated with the shared output schemas.
+
+### Tests
+
+- `pnpm test:unit` — node:test + jsdom (`test/unit`, helpers in `test/helpers`).
+- `pnpm test:e2e` — builds, then runs Playwright against the built extension in
+  headless Chromium (`channel: "chromium"` new headless mode; no window opens,
+  no virtual display needed). The API is mocked with `context.route`, which
+  also intercepts the extension service worker's requests
+  (`test/e2e/extension-harness.ts`).
diff --git a/src/typescript/extension/package.json b/src/typescript/extension/package.json
index 360e4f2..7ffb1be 100644
--- a/src/typescript/extension/package.json
+++ b/src/typescript/extension/package.json
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
   "name": "@openerrata/extension",
-  "version": "0.3.2",
+  "version": "0.4.0",
   "type": "module",
   "scripts": {
     "dev": "vite build --watch --mode development",
diff --git a/src/typescript/extension/scripts/run-playwright-e2e.mjs b/src/typescript/extension/scripts/run-playwright-e2e.mjs
index 44a7e96..9072e8f 100644
--- a/src/typescript/extension/scripts/run-playwright-e2e.mjs
+++ b/src/typescript/extension/scripts/run-playwright-e2e.mjs
@@ -1,43 +1,15 @@
 import { spawnSync } from "node:child_process";
 import process from "node:process";
 
-const PLAYWRIGHT_ARGS = [
-  "exec",
-  "playwright",
-  "test",
-  "-c",
-  "playwright.config.ts",
-  ...process.argv.slice(2),
-];
-
-function run(command, args) {
-  const result = spawnSync(command, args, { stdio: "inherit" });
-  if (result.error) {
-    if (result.error.code === "ENOENT") {
-      return { status: null, notFound: true };
-    }
-    throw result.error;
-  }
-  return { status: result.status ?? 1, notFound: false };
+// The suite launches Chromium headless (new headless mode via
+// `channel: "chromium"`), which loads extensions without a display, so no
+// virtual display (xvfb) is needed on any platform.
+const result = spawnSync(
+  "pnpm",
+  ["exec", "playwright", "test", "-c", "playwright.config.ts", ...process.argv.slice(2)],
+  { stdio: "inherit" },
+);
+if (result.error) {
+  throw result.error;
 }
-
-function runPlaywright() {
-  const preferXvfb = process.env["OPENERRATA_PREFER_XVFB"] !== "0";
-  if (preferXvfb) {
-    process.stderr.write("[extension:e2e] attempting to run under xvfb-run.\n");
-    const xvfbResult = run("xvfb-run", ["-a", "pnpm", ...PLAYWRIGHT_ARGS]);
-    if (!xvfbResult.notFound) {
-      return xvfbResult;
-    }
-    if (process.platform === "linux") {
-      process.stderr.write(
-        "[extension:e2e] xvfb-run not found on Linux; running without virtual display.\n",
-      );
-    }
-  }
-
-  return run("pnpm", PLAYWRIGHT_ARGS);
-}
-
-const result = runPlaywright();
 process.exit(result.status ?? 1);
diff --git a/src/typescript/extension/src/background/api-client-core.ts b/src/typescript/extension/src/background/api-client-core.ts
index 27093df..5172ec3 100644
--- a/src/typescript/extension/src/background/api-client-core.ts
+++ b/src/typescript/extension/src/background/api-client-core.ts
@@ -3,14 +3,10 @@ import { EXTENSION_TRPC_PATH } from "@openerrata/shared";
 import type { ExtensionSettings } from "../lib/settings-core.js";
 import { ApiClientError } from "./api-client-error.js";
 
-export const BUNDLED_ATTESTATION_SECRET = "openerrata-attestation-v1";
 export const TRPC_REQUEST_BODY_LIMIT_BYTES = 512 * 1024;
 export const EXTENSION_VERSION_HEADER_NAME = "x-openerrata-extension-version";
 
-type ApiClientSettings = Pick<
-  ExtensionSettings,
-  "apiBaseUrl" | "apiKey" | "openaiApiKey" | "hmacSecret"
->;
+type ApiClientSettings = Pick<ExtensionSettings, "apiBaseUrl" | "apiKey" | "openaiApiKey">;
 
 interface TrpcFetchInit {
   headers?: HeadersInit;
@@ -23,11 +19,7 @@ function utf8ByteLength(value: string): number {
   return new TextEncoder().encode(value).byteLength;
 }
 
-export function attestationSecretFor(settingsValue: ApiClientSettings): string {
-  const configured = settingsValue.hmacSecret.trim();
-  return configured.length > 0 ? configured : BUNDLED_ATTESTATION_SECRET;
-}
-
+/** Cache key for a tRPC client: every setting its requests depend on. */
 export function clientKeyFor(
   settingsValue: ApiClientSettings,
   includeUserOpenAiHeader: boolean,
@@ -36,7 +28,6 @@ export function clientKeyFor(
     settingsValue.apiBaseUrl,
     settingsValue.apiKey.trim(),
     includeUserOpenAiHeader ? settingsValue.openaiApiKey.trim() : "",
-    attestationSecretFor(settingsValue),
   ].join("|");
 }
 
@@ -44,14 +35,13 @@ export function shouldIncludeUserOpenAiKeyHeader(path: ExtensionApiProcedurePath
   return path === EXTENSION_TRPC_PATH.INVESTIGATE_NOW;
 }
 
-export async function buildTrpcRequestInit(input: {
+export function buildTrpcRequestInit(input: {
   init: TrpcFetchInit | undefined;
   settings: ApiClientSettings;
   includeUserOpenAiHeader: boolean;
   extensionVersion: string;
-  computeHmac: (secret: string, body: string) => Promise<string>;
   utf8Length?: (value: string) => number;
-}): Promise<RequestInit> {
+}): RequestInit {
   const headers = new Headers(input.init?.headers);
   const apiKey = input.settings.apiKey.trim();
   if (apiKey.length > 0) {
@@ -66,7 +56,7 @@ export async function buildTrpcRequestInit(input: {
     headers.set(EXTENSION_VERSION_HEADER_NAME, trimmedExtensionVersion);
   }
 
-  if (typeof input.init?.body === "string" && input.init.body.length > 0) {
+  if (typeof input.init?.body === "string") {
     const bodyBytes = (input.utf8Length ?? utf8ByteLength)(input.init.body);
     if (bodyBytes > TRPC_REQUEST_BODY_LIMIT_BYTES) {
       throw new ApiClientError(
@@ -74,11 +64,6 @@ export async function buildTrpcRequestInit(input: {
         { errorCode: "PAYLOAD_TOO_LARGE" },
       );
     }
-    const signature = await input.computeHmac(
-      attestationSecretFor(input.settings),
-      input.init.body,
-    );
-    headers.set("x-openerrata-signature", signature);
   }
 
   const requestInit: RequestInit = { headers };
diff --git a/src/typescript/extension/src/background/api-client.ts b/src/typescript/extension/src/background/api-client.ts
index 7c95919..f567d84 100644
--- a/src/typescript/extension/src/background/api-client.ts
+++ b/src/typescript/extension/src/background/api-client.ts
@@ -20,14 +20,14 @@ import {
 import { createTRPCUntypedClient, httpLink, type TRPCUntypedClient } from "@trpc/client";
 import browser from "webextension-polyfill";
 import {
+  SETTINGS_KEYS,
   apiEndpointUrl,
   apiHostPermissionFor,
-  DEFAULT_EXTENSION_SETTINGS,
   loadExtensionSettings,
   type ExtensionSettings,
+  type SettingsLoadResult,
 } from "../lib/settings.js";
 import { extractApiErrorCode, extractMinimumSupportedExtensionVersion } from "./api-error-code.js";
-export { ApiClientError } from "./api-client-error.js";
 import { ApiClientError } from "./api-client-error.js";
 import { describeError } from "../lib/describe-error.js";
 import {
@@ -37,79 +37,67 @@ import {
   shouldIncludeUserOpenAiKeyHeader,
 } from "./api-client-core.js";
 import { EXTENSION_VERSION } from "../lib/extension-version.js";
+import { clearUpgradeRequired, markUpgradeRequired } from "./upgrade-required.js";
 
-let settings: ExtensionSettings = { ...DEFAULT_EXTENSION_SETTINGS };
-let initPromise: Promise<void> | null = null;
-let storageListenerRegistered = false;
-const cachedClientsByKey = new Map<string, TrpcClient>();
-
+// Untyped at the tRPC level: request and response shapes are pinned by the
+// shared `ExtensionApiProcedureContract` and validated with the shared output
+// schemas below.
 type TrpcClient = TRPCUntypedClient<never>;
-type ParsedRegisterObservedVersionOutput = ReturnType<
-  typeof registerObservedVersionOutputSchema.parse
->;
-type ParsedViewPostOutput = ReturnType<typeof viewPostOutputSchema.parse>;
-type ParsedGetInvestigationOutput = ReturnType<typeof getInvestigationOutputSchema.parse>;
-type ParsedInvestigateNowOutput = ReturnType<typeof investigateNowOutputSchema.parse>;
 
-async function loadSettingsFromStorage(): Promise<void> {
-  settings = await loadExtensionSettings();
-}
+/** The stored settings, read once and re-read after the user changes them. */
+let settingsPromise: Promise<SettingsLoadResult> | null = null;
+const cachedClientsByKey = new Map<string, TrpcClient>();
 
-function registerStorageListener(): void {
-  if (storageListenerRegistered) return;
-  storageListenerRegistered = true;
+function currentSettings(): Promise<SettingsLoadResult> {
+  settingsPromise ??= loadExtensionSettings().catch((error: unknown) => {
+    settingsPromise = null;
+    throw error;
+  });
+  return settingsPromise;
+}
 
+/** Re-read settings after the options page saves them. */
+export function watchSettingsChanges(): void {
   browser.storage.onChanged.addListener((changes, areaName) => {
     if (areaName !== "local") return;
-    if (
-      !changes["apiBaseUrl"] &&
-      !changes["hmacSecret"] &&
-      !changes["apiKey"] &&
-      !changes["openaiApiKey"] &&
-      !changes["autoInvestigate"]
-    ) {
-      return;
-    }
+    if (!SETTINGS_KEYS.some((key) => Object.hasOwn(changes, key))) return;
 
+    settingsPromise = null;
     cachedClientsByKey.clear();
-    void loadSettingsFromStorage().catch((err: unknown) => {
-      console.error("Failed to refresh extension settings:", err);
-    });
+    if (Object.hasOwn(changes, "apiBaseUrl")) {
+      // An upgrade notice is about one API; a different API may accept us.
+      void clearUpgradeRequired().catch((error: unknown) => {
+        console.error("Failed to clear upgrade-required state after API URL change:", error);
+      });
+    }
   });
 }
 
-export async function init(): Promise<void> {
-  initPromise ??= (async () => {
-    await loadSettingsFromStorage();
-    registerStorageListener();
-  })();
-
-  try {
-    await initPromise;
-  } catch (err) {
-    initPromise = null;
-    console.error("Failed to initialize extension API settings; keeping last-known settings:", err);
-    throw err;
+/** Settings usable for API calls, or an INVALID_EXTENSION_SETTINGS error. */
+async function requireApiSettings(): Promise<ExtensionSettings> {
+  const loaded = await currentSettings();
+  if (loaded.kind === "INVALID") {
+    throw new ApiClientError(`Extension settings are invalid: ${loaded.problem}`, {
+      errorCode: "INVALID_EXTENSION_SETTINGS",
+    });
   }
+  return loaded.settings;
 }
 
-async function computeHmac(secret: string, body: string): Promise<string> {
-  const key = await crypto.subtle.importKey(
-    "raw",
-    new TextEncoder().encode(secret),
-    { name: "HMAC", hash: "SHA-256" },
-    false,
-    ["sign"],
+/** Whether a NOT_INVESTIGATED view should start an investigation right away. */
+export async function shouldAutoInvestigate(): Promise<boolean> {
+  const loaded = await currentSettings();
+  return (
+    loaded.kind === "VALID" &&
+    loaded.settings.autoInvestigate &&
+    loaded.settings.openaiApiKey.length > 0
   );
-
-  const sig = await crypto.subtle.sign("HMAC", key, new TextEncoder().encode(body));
-
-  return Array.from(new Uint8Array(sig))
-    .map((b) => b.toString(16).padStart(2, "0"))
-    .join("");
 }
 
-function getOrCreateTrpcClient(options: { includeUserOpenAiHeader: boolean }): TrpcClient {
+function getOrCreateTrpcClient(
+  settings: ExtensionSettings,
+  options: { includeUserOpenAiHeader: boolean },
+): TrpcClient {
   const key = clientKeyFor(settings, options.includeUserOpenAiHeader);
   const cachedClient = cachedClientsByKey.get(key);
   if (cachedClient) {
@@ -121,12 +109,11 @@ function getOrCreateTrpcClient(options: { includeUserOpenAiHeader: boolean }): T
       httpLink({
         url: apiEndpointUrl(settings.apiBaseUrl, "trpc"),
         fetch: async (url, requestInitInput) => {
-          const requestInit = await buildTrpcRequestInit({
+          const requestInit = buildTrpcRequestInit({
             init: requestInitInput,
             settings,
             includeUserOpenAiHeader: options.includeUserOpenAiHeader,
             extensionVersion: EXTENSION_VERSION,
-            computeHmac,
           });
           const response = await fetch(url, requestInit);
           assertTrpcResponseAccepted(response.status);
@@ -140,34 +127,57 @@ function getOrCreateTrpcClient(options: { includeUserOpenAiHeader: boolean }): T
   return client;
 }
 
+function toApiClientError(
+  error: unknown,
+  context: { apiBaseUrl: string; path: ExtensionApiProcedurePath },
+): ApiClientError {
+  const errorCode =
+    (error instanceof ApiClientError ? error.errorCode : undefined) ?? extractApiErrorCode(error);
+  const minimumSupportedExtensionVersion =
+    (error instanceof ApiClientError ? error.minimumSupportedExtensionVersion : undefined) ??
+    extractMinimumSupportedExtensionVersion(error);
+  return new ApiClientError(
+    `${describeError(error)} (apiBaseUrl=${context.apiBaseUrl}, path=${context.path})`,
+    {
+      cause: error,
+      ...(errorCode === undefined ? {} : { errorCode }),
+      ...(minimumSupportedExtensionVersion === undefined
+        ? {}
+        : { minimumSupportedExtensionVersion }),
+    },
+  );
+}
+
+/**
+ * Run one API call with the current settings. Also tracks API compatibility:
+ * an UPGRADE_REQUIRED rejection records the upgrade notice, and any accepted
+ * call clears it.
+ */
 async function withTrpcClient<Output>(
   path: ExtensionApiProcedurePath,
   operation: (client: TrpcClient) => Promise<Output>,
 ): Promise<Output> {
+  const settings = await requireApiSettings();
+  let output: Output;
   try {
-    await init();
     await assertApiHostPermissionGranted(settings.apiBaseUrl);
-    const client = getOrCreateTrpcClient({
-      includeUserOpenAiHeader: shouldIncludeUserOpenAiKeyHeader(path),
-    });
-    return await operation(client);
-  } catch (error) {
-    const errorCode =
-      (error instanceof ApiClientError ? error.errorCode : undefined) ?? extractApiErrorCode(error);
-    const minimumSupportedExtensionVersion =
-      (error instanceof ApiClientError ? error.minimumSupportedExtensionVersion : undefined) ??
-      extractMinimumSupportedExtensionVersion(error);
-    throw new ApiClientError(
-      `${describeError(error)} (apiBaseUrl=${settings.apiBaseUrl}, path=${path})`,
-      {
-        cause: error,
-        ...(errorCode === undefined ? {} : { errorCode }),
-        ...(minimumSupportedExtensionVersion === undefined
-          ? {}
-          : { minimumSupportedExtensionVersion }),
-      },
+    output = await operation(
+      getOrCreateTrpcClient(settings, {
+        includeUserOpenAiHeader: shouldIncludeUserOpenAiKeyHeader(path),
+      }),
     );
+  } catch (error) {
+    const apiError = toApiClientError(error, { apiBaseUrl: settings.apiBaseUrl, path });
+    if (apiError.errorCode === "UPGRADE_REQUIRED") {
+      await markUpgradeRequired({
+        apiBaseUrl: settings.apiBaseUrl,
+        minimumSupportedExtensionVersion: apiError.minimumSupportedExtensionVersion,
+      });
+    }
+    throw apiError;
   }
+  await clearUpgradeRequired();
+  return output;
 }
 
 async function queryApi<Path extends ExtensionApiQueryPath>(
@@ -184,26 +194,6 @@ async function mutateApi<Path extends ExtensionApiMutationPath>(
   return withTrpcClient(path, (client) => client.mutation(path, input));
 }
 
-function normalizeRecordViewAndGetStatusOutput(value: ParsedViewPostOutput): ViewPostOutput {
-  return value;
-}
-
-function normalizeRegisterObservedVersionOutput(
-  value: ParsedRegisterObservedVersionOutput,
-): RegisterObservedVersionOutput {
-  return value;
-}
-
-function normalizeGetInvestigationOutput(
-  value: ParsedGetInvestigationOutput,
-): GetInvestigationOutput {
-  return value;
-}
-
-function normalizeInvestigateNowOutput(value: ParsedInvestigateNowOutput): InvestigateNowOutput {
-  return value;
-}
-
 function parseApiOutput<T>(input: {
   operation: string;
   value: unknown;
@@ -230,61 +220,46 @@ async function assertApiHostPermissionGranted(apiBaseUrl: string): Promise<void>
   if (hasPermission) return;
 
   const origin = new URL(apiBaseUrl).origin;
-  throw new Error(
+  throw new ApiClientError(
     `Missing host permission for ${origin}. Open extension settings and save to grant access.`,
+    { errorCode: "INVALID_EXTENSION_SETTINGS" },
   );
 }
 
 export async function recordViewAndGetStatus(
   input: RecordViewAndGetStatusInput,
 ): Promise<ViewPostOutput> {
-  const output = parseApiOutput({
+  return parseApiOutput({
     operation: EXTENSION_TRPC_PATH.RECORD_VIEW_AND_GET_STATUS,
     value: await mutateApi(EXTENSION_TRPC_PATH.RECORD_VIEW_AND_GET_STATUS, input),
     safeParse: (value) => viewPostOutputSchema.safeParse(value),
   });
-  return normalizeRecordViewAndGetStatusOutput(output);
 }
 
 export async function registerObservedVersion(
   input: RegisterObservedVersionInput,
 ): Promise<RegisterObservedVersionOutput> {
-  const output = parseApiOutput({
+  return parseApiOutput({
     operation: EXTENSION_TRPC_PATH.REGISTER_OBSERVED_VERSION,
     value: await mutateApi(EXTENSION_TRPC_PATH.REGISTER_OBSERVED_VERSION, input),
     safeParse: (value) => registerObservedVersionOutputSchema.safeParse(value),
   });
-  return normalizeRegisterObservedVersionOutput(output);
 }
 
 export async function getInvestigation(
   input: GetInvestigationInput,
 ): Promise<GetInvestigationOutput> {
-  const output = parseApiOutput({
+  return parseApiOutput({
     operation: EXTENSION_TRPC_PATH.GET_INVESTIGATION,
     value: await queryApi(EXTENSION_TRPC_PATH.GET_INVESTIGATION, input),
     safeParse: (value) => getInvestigationOutputSchema.safeParse(value),
   });
-  return normalizeGetInvestigationOutput(output);
 }
 
 export async function investigateNow(input: InvestigateNowInput): Promise<InvestigateNowOutput> {
-  const output = parseApiOutput({
+  return parseApiOutput({
     operation: EXTENSION_TRPC_PATH.INVESTIGATE_NOW,
     value: await mutateApi(EXTENSION_TRPC_PATH.INVESTIGATE_NOW, input),
     safeParse: (value) => investigateNowOutputSchema.safeParse(value),
   });
-  return normalizeInvestigateNowOutput(output);
-}
-
-export function hasUserOpenAiKey(): boolean {
-  return settings.openaiApiKey.trim().length > 0;
-}
-
-export function isAutoInvestigateEnabled(): boolean {
-  return settings.autoInvestigate;
-}
-
-export function getCurrentApiBaseUrl(): string {
-  return settings.apiBaseUrl;
 }
diff --git a/src/typescript/extension/src/background/browser-compat.ts b/src/typescript/extension/src/background/browser-compat.ts
index c4163ce..71de4f6 100644
--- a/src/typescript/extension/src/background/browser-compat.ts
+++ b/src/typescript/extension/src/background/browser-compat.ts
@@ -16,15 +16,6 @@ interface ScriptingApi {
   insertCSS: (details: { target: { tabId: number }; files: string[] }) => Promise<void>;
 }
 
-interface WebNavigationEvent {
-  addListener: (listener: (details: NavigationDetails) => void) => void;
-}
-
-interface WebNavigationApi {
-  onDOMContentLoaded: WebNavigationEvent;
-  onHistoryStateUpdated: WebNavigationEvent;
-}
-
 function isScriptingApi(value: unknown): value is ScriptingApi {
   if (!isNonNullObject(value)) {
     return false;
@@ -33,21 +24,8 @@ function isScriptingApi(value: unknown): value is ScriptingApi {
   return typeof value["executeScript"] === "function" && typeof value["insertCSS"] === "function";
 }
 
-function isWebNavigationEvent(value: unknown): value is WebNavigationEvent {
-  return isNonNullObject(value) && typeof value["addListener"] === "function";
-}
-
-function isWebNavigationApi(value: unknown): value is WebNavigationApi {
-  if (!isNonNullObject(value)) {
-    return false;
-  }
-
-  return (
-    isWebNavigationEvent(value["onDOMContentLoaded"]) &&
-    isWebNavigationEvent(value["onHistoryStateUpdated"])
-  );
-}
-
+// `browser.scripting` is MV3-only and missing from the polyfill's types, so it
+// is looked up and checked at runtime.
 function getScriptingApi(): ScriptingApi {
   const scripting: unknown = Reflect.get(browser as object, "scripting");
   if (!isScriptingApi(scripting)) {
@@ -58,24 +36,13 @@ function getScriptingApi(): ScriptingApi {
   return scripting;
 }
 
-function getWebNavigationApi(): WebNavigationApi | null {
-  const webNavigation: unknown = Reflect.get(browser as object, "webNavigation");
-  if (!isWebNavigationApi(webNavigation)) {
-    return null;
-  }
-  return webNavigation;
-}
-
-export async function executeTabFunction<TResult>(
-  tabId: number,
-  func: () => TResult,
-): Promise<TResult | undefined> {
+/** Run `func` in the tab's page; its result crosses a serialization boundary, so callers validate it. */
+export async function executeTabFunction(tabId: number, func: () => unknown): Promise<unknown> {
   const [probeResult] = await getScriptingApi().executeScript({
     target: { tabId },
     func,
   });
-  // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-unsafe-type-assertion -- executeScript returns unknown; callers own the type contract
-  return probeResult?.result as TResult | undefined;
+  return probeResult?.result;
 }
 
 export async function injectTabAssets(input: {
@@ -96,34 +63,31 @@ export async function injectTabAssets(input: {
   ]);
 }
 
-export function addDomContentLoadedListener(listener: (details: NavigationDetails) => void): void {
-  const webNavigation = getWebNavigationApi();
-  if (webNavigation === null) {
-    console.warn("webNavigation API unavailable; skipping DOMContentLoaded listener.");
-    return;
-  }
-  webNavigation.onDOMContentLoaded.addListener((details) => {
-    listener({
-      frameId: details.frameId,
-      tabId: details.tabId,
-      url: details.url,
-    });
-  });
+function mainFrameOnly(
+  listener: (details: NavigationDetails) => void,
+): (details: NavigationDetails) => void {
+  return (details) => {
+    if (details.frameId !== 0) return;
+    listener({ frameId: details.frameId, tabId: details.tabId, url: details.url });
+  };
 }
 
-export function addHistoryStateUpdatedListener(
+/** A tab's top frame committed a new document (not a same-document navigation). */
+export function addMainFrameCommittedListener(
   listener: (details: NavigationDetails) => void,
 ): void {
-  const webNavigation = getWebNavigationApi();
-  if (webNavigation === null) {
-    console.warn("webNavigation API unavailable; skipping HistoryState listener.");
-    return;
-  }
-  webNavigation.onHistoryStateUpdated.addListener((details) => {
-    listener({
-      frameId: details.frameId,
-      tabId: details.tabId,
-      url: details.url,
-    });
-  });
+  browser.webNavigation.onCommitted.addListener(mainFrameOnly(listener));
+}
+
+export function addMainFrameDomContentLoadedListener(
+  listener: (details: NavigationDetails) => void,
+): void {
+  browser.webNavigation.onDOMContentLoaded.addListener(mainFrameOnly(listener));
+}
+
+/** A tab's top frame changed URL through the History API (`pushState`, `replaceState`, traversal). */
+export function addMainFrameHistoryStateUpdatedListener(
+  listener: (details: NavigationDetails) => void,
+): void {
+  browser.webNavigation.onHistoryStateUpdated.addListener(mainFrameOnly(listener));
 }
diff --git a/src/typescript/extension/src/background/cache-store.ts b/src/typescript/extension/src/background/cache-store.ts
deleted file mode 100644
index 823d0f6..0000000
--- a/src/typescript/extension/src/background/cache-store.ts
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,237 +0,0 @@
-import {
-  extensionPostStatusSchema,
-  extensionSkippedStatusSchema,
-  isNonNullObject,
-} from "@openerrata/shared";
-import type {
-  ExtensionPageStatus,
-  ExtensionPostStatus,
-  ExtensionSkippedStatus,
-} from "@openerrata/shared";
-
-interface TabCacheRecord {
-  activePostStatus: ExtensionPostStatus | null;
-  skippedStatus: ExtensionSkippedStatus | null;
-}
-
-type StorageRecord = Record<string, unknown>;
-
-export interface CacheBrowserApi {
-  storage: {
-    local: {
-      get: (key: string) => Promise<StorageRecord>;
-      set: (items: StorageRecord) => Promise<void>;
-      remove: (key: string) => Promise<void>;
-    };
-  };
-  tabs: {
-    query: () => Promise<{ id?: number }[]>;
-  };
-}
-
-interface CacheStoreDeps {
-  browserApi: CacheBrowserApi;
-  updateBadge: (tabId: number, status: ExtensionPostStatus | null) => void;
-  warn: (message?: unknown, ...optionalParams: unknown[]) => void;
-}
-
-interface TabStatusCacheStore {
-  cachePostStatus: (
-    tabId: number | undefined,
-    status: ExtensionPostStatus,
-    options?: { setActive?: boolean },
-  ) => Promise<void>;
-  cacheSkippedStatus: (tabId: number | undefined, status: ExtensionSkippedStatus) => Promise<void>;
-  clearActiveStatus: (tabId: number | undefined) => Promise<void>;
-  getActiveStatus: (tabId: number) => Promise<ExtensionPageStatus | null>;
-  getActivePostStatus: (tabId: number) => Promise<ExtensionPostStatus | null>;
-  clearCache: (tabId: number) => void;
-  syncToolbarBadgesForOpenTabs: () => Promise<void>;
-}
-
-function storageKey(tabId: number): string {
-  return `tab:${tabId.toString()}`;
-}
-
-function emptyRecord(): TabCacheRecord {
-  return {
-    activePostStatus: null,
-    skippedStatus: null,
-  };
-}
-
-function parseStoredRecord(stored: unknown): TabCacheRecord | null {
-  if (!isNonNullObject(stored)) return null;
-
-  const skippedStatusParsed = extensionSkippedStatusSchema.safeParse(stored["skippedStatus"]);
-  const skippedStatus: ExtensionSkippedStatus | null = skippedStatusParsed.success
-    ? skippedStatusParsed.data
-    : null;
-
-  const activePostStatusParsed = extensionPostStatusSchema.safeParse(stored["activePostStatus"]);
-  const activePostStatus: ExtensionPostStatus | null = activePostStatusParsed.success
-    ? activePostStatusParsed.data
-    : null;
-
-  return {
-    activePostStatus,
-    skippedStatus,
-  };
-}
-
-function matchesActiveStatus(
-  activeStatus: ExtensionPostStatus,
-  incomingStatus: ExtensionPostStatus,
-): boolean {
-  if (activeStatus.tabSessionId !== incomingStatus.tabSessionId) {
-    return false;
-  }
-
-  if (
-    activeStatus.platform !== incomingStatus.platform ||
-    activeStatus.externalId !== incomingStatus.externalId ||
-    activeStatus.pageUrl !== incomingStatus.pageUrl
-  ) {
-    return false;
-  }
-
-  if (activeStatus.investigationId !== undefined && incomingStatus.investigationId !== undefined) {
-    return activeStatus.investigationId === incomingStatus.investigationId;
-  }
-
-  return true;
-}
-
-export function createTabStatusCacheStore(deps: CacheStoreDeps): TabStatusCacheStore {
-  const memoryCache = new Map<number, TabCacheRecord>();
-
-  async function loadRecord(tabId: number): Promise<TabCacheRecord> {
-    const fromMemory = memoryCache.get(tabId);
-    if (fromMemory) return fromMemory;
-
-    try {
-      const key = storageKey(tabId);
-      const stored = await deps.browserApi.storage.local.get(key);
-      const parsed = parseStoredRecord(stored[key]);
-      if (parsed) {
-        memoryCache.set(tabId, parsed);
-        return parsed;
-      }
-    } catch (error) {
-      const reason = error instanceof Error ? error.message : String(error);
-      throw new Error(
-        `Failed to load extension cache record for tab ${tabId.toString()}: ${reason}`,
-        { cause: error },
-      );
-    }
-
-    const created = emptyRecord();
-    memoryCache.set(tabId, created);
-    return created;
-  }
-
-  async function saveRecord(tabId: number, record: TabCacheRecord): Promise<void> {
-    memoryCache.set(tabId, record);
-    try {
-      const key = storageKey(tabId);
-      await deps.browserApi.storage.local.set({ [key]: record });
-    } catch (error) {
-      // Best effort cache. Memory copy still works while worker is alive.
-      deps.warn("Failed to persist extension cache record:", error);
-    }
-  }
-
-  async function cachePostStatus(
-    tabId: number | undefined,
-    status: ExtensionPostStatus,
-    options: { setActive?: boolean } = {},
-  ): Promise<void> {
-    if (tabId === undefined) return;
-    const setActive = options.setActive ?? true;
-    const record = await loadRecord(tabId);
-
-    if (setActive) {
-      record.skippedStatus = null;
-      record.activePostStatus = status;
-      await saveRecord(tabId, record);
-      deps.updateBadge(tabId, status);
-      return;
-    }
-
-    if (!record.activePostStatus) return;
-    if (!matchesActiveStatus(record.activePostStatus, status)) return;
-
-    // setActive=false updates are full replacements gated by identity matching.
-    record.activePostStatus = status;
-    await saveRecord(tabId, record);
-    deps.updateBadge(tabId, status);
-  }
-
-  async function cacheSkippedStatus(
-    tabId: number | undefined,
-    status: ExtensionSkippedStatus,
-  ): Promise<void> {
-    if (tabId === undefined) return;
-    const record = await loadRecord(tabId);
-    record.activePostStatus = null;
-    record.skippedStatus = status;
-    await saveRecord(tabId, record);
-    deps.updateBadge(tabId, null);
-  }
-
-  async function clearActiveStatus(tabId: number | undefined): Promise<void> {
-    if (tabId === undefined) return;
-    const record = await loadRecord(tabId);
-    record.activePostStatus = null;
-    record.skippedStatus = null;
-    await saveRecord(tabId, record);
-    deps.updateBadge(tabId, null);
-  }
-
-  async function getActiveStatus(tabId: number): Promise<ExtensionPageStatus | null> {
-    const record = await loadRecord(tabId);
-    if (record.skippedStatus) {
-      return record.skippedStatus;
-    }
-
-    return record.activePostStatus;
-  }
-
-  async function getActivePostStatus(tabId: number): Promise<ExtensionPostStatus | null> {
-    const record = await loadRecord(tabId);
-    return record.activePostStatus;
-  }
-
-  function clearCache(tabId: number): void {
-    memoryCache.delete(tabId);
-    deps.updateBadge(tabId, null);
-    deps.browserApi.storage.local.remove(storageKey(tabId)).catch((error: unknown) => {
-      deps.warn("Failed to clear extension cache for tab:", error);
-    });
-  }
-
-  async function syncToolbarBadgesForOpenTabs(): Promise<void> {
-    const tabs = await deps.browserApi.tabs.query();
-    await Promise.all(
-      tabs.map(async (tab) => {
-        if (tab.id === undefined) return;
-        const status = await getActiveStatus(tab.id);
-        if (status?.kind === "POST") {
-          deps.updateBadge(tab.id, status);
-          return;
-        }
-        deps.updateBadge(tab.id, null);
-      }),
-    );
-  }
-
-  return {
-    cachePostStatus,
-    cacheSkippedStatus,
-    clearActiveStatus,
-    getActiveStatus,
-    getActivePostStatus,
-    clearCache,
-    syncToolbarBadgesForOpenTabs,
-  };
-}
diff --git a/src/typescript/extension/src/background/cache.ts b/src/typescript/extension/src/background/cache.ts
deleted file mode 100644
index 57fc56d..0000000
--- a/src/typescript/extension/src/background/cache.ts
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,47 +0,0 @@
-import browser from "webextension-polyfill";
-
-import { createTabStatusCacheStore, type CacheBrowserApi } from "./cache-store.js";
-import { updateToolbarBadge } from "./toolbar-badge.js";
-
-const browserCacheApi: CacheBrowserApi = {
-  storage: {
-    local: {
-      get: async (key: string) => {
-        return browser.storage.local.get(key);
-      },
-      set: async (items: Record<string, unknown>) => {
-        await browser.storage.local.set(items);
-      },
-      remove: async (key: string) => {
-        await browser.storage.local.remove(key);
-      },
-    },
-  },
-  tabs: {
-    query: async () => {
-      const tabs = await browser.tabs.query({});
-      return tabs.map((tab) => {
-        if (tab.id === undefined) {
-          return {};
-        }
-        return { id: tab.id };
-      });
-    },
-  },
-};
-
-const defaultStore = createTabStatusCacheStore({
-  browserApi: browserCacheApi,
-  updateBadge: updateToolbarBadge,
-  warn: (...args: unknown[]) => {
-    console.warn(...args);
-  },
-});
-
-export const cachePostStatus = defaultStore.cachePostStatus;
-export const cacheSkippedStatus = defaultStore.cacheSkippedStatus;
-export const clearActiveStatus = defaultStore.clearActiveStatus;
-export const getActiveStatus = defaultStore.getActiveStatus;
-export const getActivePostStatus = defaultStore.getActivePostStatus;
-export const clearCache = defaultStore.clearCache;
-export const syncToolbarBadgesForOpenTabs = defaultStore.syncToolbarBadgesForOpenTabs;
diff --git a/src/typescript/extension/src/background/content-script-injection.ts b/src/typescript/extension/src/background/content-script-injection.ts
index 7718e43..8859a2b 100644
--- a/src/typescript/extension/src/background/content-script-injection.ts
+++ b/src/typescript/extension/src/background/content-script-injection.ts
@@ -1,32 +1,49 @@
-import { isNonNullObject, EXTENSION_MESSAGE_PROTOCOL_VERSION } from "@openerrata/shared";
+import {
+  isNonNullObject,
+  type ContentRequestPayload,
+  type ContentRequestType,
+  type ContentResponse,
+} from "@openerrata/shared";
 import browser from "webextension-polyfill";
-import { isSubstackPostPath } from "../lib/substack-url.js";
+import { sendContentRequest, type TabDelivery } from "../lib/messaging.js";
+import {
+  isPossibleCustomDomainSubstackPage,
+  knownHostPageLocator,
+  pageLocatorFor,
+} from "../lib/page-locator.js";
 import { executeTabFunction, injectTabAssets } from "./browser-compat.js";
 
-const KNOWN_DECLARATIVE_DOMAINS = [
-  "substack.com",
-  "lesswrong.com",
-  "x.com",
-  "twitter.com",
-  "wikipedia.org",
-];
-
-const injectedCustomSubstackTabs = new Map<number, string>();
-
-function isKnownDeclarativeDomain(hostname: string): boolean {
-  const normalizedHostname = hostname.toLowerCase();
-  return KNOWN_DECLARATIVE_DOMAINS.some(
-    (domain) => normalizedHostname === domain || normalizedHostname.endsWith(`.${domain}`),
+/** Send a content request to a tab's top-frame content script. */
+export async function sendToTab<Type extends ContentRequestType>(
+  tabId: number,
+  type: Type,
+  payload: ContentRequestPayload<Type>,
+): Promise<TabDelivery<ContentResponse<Type>>> {
+  return sendContentRequest(
+    (message) => browser.tabs.sendMessage(tabId, message, { frameId: 0 }),
+    type,
+    payload,
   );
 }
 
-function hasCandidateSubstackPath(url: URL): boolean {
-  return isSubstackPostPath(url.pathname);
+/**
+ * Where a page may need the content script injected programmatically:
+ * post pages on the platforms' own hosts (declarative injection misses tabs
+ * open before install/update and SPA navigations into post paths), and
+ * `/p/*` pages on other hosts that turn out to be custom-domain Substack.
+ */
+type InjectionCandidate = "KNOWN_PLATFORM_PAGE" | "POSSIBLE_CUSTOM_DOMAIN_SUBSTACK";
+
+function injectionCandidate(url: string): InjectionCandidate | null {
+  if (knownHostPageLocator(url) !== null) return "KNOWN_PLATFORM_PAGE";
+  if (isPossibleCustomDomainSubstackPage(url)) return "POSSIBLE_CUSTOM_DOMAIN_SUBSTACK";
+  return null;
 }
 
-async function detectSubstackDomFingerprint(tabId: number): Promise<boolean> {
-  const probeResult = await executeTabFunction(tabId, () => {
-    const hasSubstackFingerprint =
+async function hasSubstackDomFingerprint(tabId: number): Promise<boolean> {
+  const probe = await executeTabFunction(tabId, () => ({
+    url: window.location.href,
+    hasSubstackFingerprint:
       document.querySelector(
         [
           'link[href*="substackcdn.com"]',
@@ -35,24 +52,28 @@ async function detectSubstackDomFingerprint(tabId: number): Promise<boolean> {
           'meta[property="og:url"][content*=".substack.com"]',
           'meta[name="twitter:image"][content*="post_preview/"]',
         ].join(","),
-      ) !== null;
-    return {
-      pathname: window.location.pathname,
-      hasSubstackFingerprint,
-    };
-  });
-
-  if (!isNonNullObject(probeResult)) {
-    return false;
-  }
-  const { pathname, hasSubstackFingerprint } = probeResult;
-  if (typeof pathname !== "string" || typeof hasSubstackFingerprint !== "boolean") {
-    return false;
-  }
-  return isSubstackPostPath(pathname) && hasSubstackFingerprint;
+      ) !== null,
+  }));
+  if (!isNonNullObject(probe)) return false;
+  const { url, hasSubstackFingerprint } = probe;
+  return (
+    typeof url === "string" &&
+    pageLocatorFor("SUBSTACK", url) !== null &&
+    hasSubstackFingerprint === true
+  );
 }
 
-async function injectContentScriptIntoTab(tabId: number): Promise<void> {
+const injectionsInFlight = new Map<number, Promise<void>>();
+
+async function injectIfAbsent(tabId: number, candidate: InjectionCandidate): Promise<void> {
+  const ping = await sendToTab(tabId, "PING", null);
+  if (ping.kind === "DELIVERED") return;
+  if (
+    candidate === "POSSIBLE_CUSTOM_DOMAIN_SUBSTACK" &&
+    !(await hasSubstackDomFingerprint(tabId))
+  ) {
+    return;
+  }
   await injectTabAssets({
     tabId,
     scriptFile: "content/main.js",
@@ -60,89 +81,51 @@ async function injectContentScriptIntoTab(tabId: number): Promise<void> {
   });
 }
 
-async function hasContentScriptListener(tabId: number): Promise<boolean> {
-  try {
-    await browser.tabs.sendMessage(tabId, {
-      v: EXTENSION_MESSAGE_PROTOCOL_VERSION,
-      type: "GET_ANNOTATION_VISIBILITY",
-    });
-    return true;
-  } catch {
-    return false;
-  }
-}
-
-export async function maybeInjectKnownDomainContentScript(
-  tabId: number,
-  tabUrl: string,
-): Promise<void> {
-  let parsedUrl: URL;
-  try {
-    parsedUrl = new URL(tabUrl);
-  } catch {
-    return;
-  }
-
-  if (!isKnownDeclarativeDomain(parsedUrl.hostname)) {
-    return;
-  }
-
-  if (await hasContentScriptListener(tabId)) {
+/**
+ * Make sure a tab showing `url` has a live content script when it may need
+ * one. A side-effect-free PING decides whether one is already there, and
+ * concurrent calls for a tab share one attempt; the content script itself
+ * also refuses to boot twice in a page.
+ */
+export async function ensureContentScript(tabId: number, url: string): Promise<void> {
+  const candidate = injectionCandidate(url);
+  if (candidate === null) return;
+
+  const inFlight = injectionsInFlight.get(tabId);
+  if (inFlight !== undefined) {
+    await inFlight;
     return;
   }
-
-  try {
-    await injectContentScriptIntoTab(tabId);
-  } catch (error) {
-    console.error("known-domain content script injection failed:", error);
-  }
+  const attempt = injectIfAbsent(tabId, candidate).finally(() => {
+    injectionsInFlight.delete(tabId);
+  });
+  injectionsInFlight.set(tabId, attempt);
+  await attempt;
 }
 
-export async function maybeInjectCustomDomainSubstack(
-  tabId: number,
-  tabUrl: string,
-): Promise<void> {
-  let parsedUrl: URL;
-  try {
-    parsedUrl = new URL(tabUrl);
-  } catch {
-    return;
-  }
-
-  if (isKnownDeclarativeDomain(parsedUrl.hostname)) {
-    return;
-  }
-  if (!hasCandidateSubstackPath(parsedUrl)) {
-    return;
-  }
-  if (injectedCustomSubstackTabs.get(tabId) === tabUrl) {
-    return;
-  }
-
-  try {
-    const isSubstackPage = await detectSubstackDomFingerprint(tabId);
-    if (!isSubstackPage) {
-      return;
-    }
-
-    await injectContentScriptIntoTab(tabId);
-    injectedCustomSubstackTabs.set(tabId, tabUrl);
-  } catch (error) {
-    console.error("custom-domain substack injection failed:", error);
+/**
+ * Relay a History API navigation to the tab's content script, which cannot
+ * observe the page's `pushState` calls itself. A tab without one (e.g. an SPA
+ * navigation into a post path the declarative patterns did not cover) gets
+ * one injected instead; it reads the new location when it boots.
+ */
+export async function relayLocationChange(tabId: number, url: string): Promise<void> {
+  const delivery = await sendToTab(tabId, "LOCATION_CHANGED", null);
+  if (delivery.kind === "NO_RECEIVER") {
+    await ensureContentScript(tabId, url);
   }
 }
 
-export async function ensureSubstackInjectionForOpenTabs(): Promise<void> {
+export async function ensureContentScriptsForOpenTabs(): Promise<void> {
   const tabs = await browser.tabs.query({});
   await Promise.all(
     tabs.map(async (tab) => {
       if (tab.id === undefined || tab.url === undefined || tab.url.length === 0) return;
-      await maybeInjectKnownDomainContentScript(tab.id, tab.url);
-      await maybeInjectCustomDomainSubstack(tab.id, tab.url);
+      try {
+        await ensureContentScript(tab.id, tab.url);
+      } catch (error) {
+        console.error(`Content script injection failed for tab ${tab.id.toString()}:`, error);
+      }
     }),
   );
 }
-
-export function clearInjectedCustomSubstackTab(tabId: number): void {
-  injectedCustomSubstackTabs.delete(tabId);
-}
diff --git a/src/typescript/extension/src/background/index.ts b/src/typescript/extension/src/background/index.ts
index 635af09..a93e121 100644
--- a/src/typescript/extension/src/background/index.ts
+++ b/src/typescript/extension/src/background/index.ts
@@ -1,696 +1,172 @@
+import browser from "webextension-polyfill";
+import { describeError } from "../lib/describe-error.js";
+import { createBackgroundRequestListener } from "../lib/messaging.js";
+import { ApiClientError } from "./api-client-error.js";
 import {
-  extensionMessageSchema,
-  extensionRuntimeErrorResponseSchema,
-  investigationStatusOutputSchema,
-  type ExtensionPageStatus,
-  type ExtensionPostStatus,
-  type InvestigateNowOutput,
-  type InvestigationStatusOutput,
-  type RegisterObservedVersionOutput,
-  type ViewPostInput,
-  type ViewPostOutput,
-} from "@openerrata/shared";
-import browser, { type Runtime } from "webextension-polyfill";
-import {
-  ApiClientError,
-  getCurrentApiBaseUrl,
   getInvestigation,
-  hasUserOpenAiKey,
-  init,
   investigateNow,
-  isAutoInvestigateEnabled,
   recordViewAndGetStatus,
   registerObservedVersion,
+  shouldAutoInvestigate,
+  watchSettingsChanges,
 } from "./api-client.js";
 import {
-  cachePostStatus,
-  cacheSkippedStatus,
-  clearActiveStatus,
-  clearCache,
-  getActivePostStatus,
-  getActiveStatus,
-  syncToolbarBadgesForOpenTabs,
-} from "./cache.js";
-import { toViewPostInput } from "../lib/view-post-input.js";
-import { createPostStatusFromInvestigation } from "./post-status.js";
-import {
-  snapshotFromInvestigateNowResult,
-  toInvestigationStatusForCaching,
-} from "./investigation-snapshot.js";
-import { decidePageContentSnapshot } from "./page-content-decision.js";
-import { decidePageContentPostCacheAction } from "./page-content-action.js";
-import { unsupportedProtocolVersionResponse } from "../lib/protocol-version.js";
-import { addDomContentLoadedListener, addHistoryStateUpdatedListener } from "./browser-compat.js";
-import { describeError } from "../lib/describe-error.js";
-import { wikipediaExternalIdFromPageId } from "../lib/wikipedia-url.js";
+  addMainFrameCommittedListener,
+  addMainFrameDomContentLoadedListener,
+  addMainFrameHistoryStateUpdatedListener,
+} from "./browser-compat.js";
 import {
-  clearUpgradeRequiredState,
-  clearUpgradeRequiredStateBestEffort,
-  isUpgradeRequiredError,
-  markUpgradeRequiredFromError,
-  restoreUpgradeRequiredState,
-} from "./upgrade-required-runtime.js";
-import { normalizeConfiguredApiBaseUrl } from "../lib/settings-core.js";
-import { getUpgradeRequiredState } from "./upgrade-required-state.js";
-import {
-  clearInjectedCustomSubstackTab,
-  ensureSubstackInjectionForOpenTabs,
-  maybeInjectCustomDomainSubstack,
-  maybeInjectKnownDomainContentScript,
+  ensureContentScript,
+  ensureContentScriptsForOpenTabs,
+  relayLocationChange,
+  sendToTab,
 } from "./content-script-injection.js";
-import {
-  cacheApiErrorStatus,
-  clearTabSession,
-  isInvestigatingCheckStatus,
-  isStaleTabSession,
-  maybeResumePollingFromCachedStatus,
-  noteTabSession,
-  parsePollRecoveryAlarmTabId,
-  restoreInvestigationPollingState,
-  retireTabSession,
-  startInvestigationPolling,
-  stopInvestigationPolling,
-} from "./investigation-polling.js";
-import {
-  isBackgroundMessageType,
-  toInvestigationStatusSnapshot,
-  type BackgroundMessageType,
-} from "./message-dispatch.js";
-
-// Initialize API client on worker start, then restore persisted upgrade state.
-void init()
-  .then(() => restoreUpgradeRequiredState())
-  .catch((error: unknown) => {
-    console.error("Failed to initialize extension background state:", error);
-  });
-
-type ParsedExtensionMessage = Extract<
-  ReturnType<typeof extensionMessageSchema.safeParse>,
-  { success: true }
->["data"];
-type ParsedPageContentPayload = Extract<
-  ParsedExtensionMessage,
-  { type: "PAGE_CONTENT" }
->["payload"];
-type ParsedPageSkippedPayload = Extract<
-  ParsedExtensionMessage,
-  { type: "PAGE_SKIPPED" }
->["payload"];
-type ParsedGetStatusPayload = Extract<ParsedExtensionMessage, { type: "GET_STATUS" }>["payload"];
-type ParsedPageResetPayload = Extract<ParsedExtensionMessage, { type: "PAGE_RESET" }>["payload"];
-type ParsedInvestigateNowPayload = Extract<
-  ParsedExtensionMessage,
-  { type: "INVESTIGATE_NOW" }
->["payload"];
-type ParsedBackgroundMessage = Extract<
-  ParsedExtensionMessage,
-  {
-    type: BackgroundMessageType;
-  }
->;
-type ExtensionRuntimeErrorResponse = ReturnType<typeof extensionRuntimeErrorResponseSchema.parse>;
-
-function describeSchemaError(error: { message: string }): string {
-  return `Invalid extension message payload: ${error.message}`;
-}
-
-function parseInvestigationStatusSnapshot(value: unknown): InvestigationStatusOutput {
-  const parsed = investigationStatusOutputSchema.safeParse(value);
-  if (parsed.success) {
-    return parsed.data;
-  }
-
-  throw new ApiClientError(`Malformed GET_STATUS response from API: ${parsed.error.message}`, {
-    errorCode: "INVALID_EXTENSION_MESSAGE",
-  });
-}
-
-function toRuntimeErrorResponse(error: unknown): ExtensionRuntimeErrorResponse {
-  const errorCode = error instanceof ApiClientError ? error.errorCode : undefined;
-  return extensionRuntimeErrorResponseSchema.parse({
-    ok: false,
-    error: describeError(error),
-    ...(errorCode === undefined ? {} : { errorCode }),
-  });
-}
-
-function isBackgroundMessage(message: ParsedExtensionMessage): message is ParsedBackgroundMessage {
-  return isBackgroundMessageType(message.type);
-}
-
-function viewPostExternalId(request: ViewPostInput): string {
-  if (request.platform === "WIKIPEDIA") {
-    return wikipediaExternalIdFromPageId(
-      request.metadata.language.toLowerCase(),
-      request.metadata.pageId,
-    );
-  }
-  return request.externalId;
-}
-
-async function cacheInvestigateNowResult(input: {
-  tabId: number;
-  tabSessionId: number;
-  request: ViewPostInput;
-  result: InvestigateNowOutput;
-  existingStatus?: InvestigationStatusOutput | null;
-}): Promise<void> {
-  const { tabId, tabSessionId, request, result } = input;
-  const externalId = viewPostExternalId(request);
-
-  const initialSnapshot = snapshotFromInvestigateNowResult(result, input.existingStatus);
-
-  await cachePostStatus(
-    tabId,
-    createPostStatusFromInvestigation({
-      tabSessionId,
-      platform: request.platform,
-      externalId,
-      pageUrl: request.url,
-      investigationId: result.investigationId,
-      ...initialSnapshot,
-    }),
-  );
-
-  if (result.status !== "COMPLETE") {
-    return;
-  }
+import { InvestigationPolling, pollRecoveryAlarmTabId } from "./investigation-polling.js";
+import { createBackgroundHandlers, type MessageSender } from "./message-handlers.js";
+import { TabStates } from "./tab-state.js";
+import { updateToolbarBadge } from "./toolbar-badge.js";
+import { getUpgradeRequiredState, setUpgradeRequiredChangeListener } from "./upgrade-required.js";
+
+async function listTabIds(): Promise<number[]> {
+  const tabs = await browser.tabs.query({});
+  return tabs.flatMap((tab) => (tab.id === undefined ? [] : [tab.id]));
 }
 
-async function maybeAutoInvestigate(input: {
-  tabId: number;
-  tabSessionId: number;
-  request: ViewPostInput;
-  registeredVersion: RegisterObservedVersionOutput;
-  existingStatus: ExtensionPostStatus | null;
-}): Promise<void> {
-  const requestExternalId = viewPostExternalId(input.request);
-
-  // The caller already wrote NOT_INVESTIGATED to cache, so bail-out paths
-  // here do not need to write anything — the cache already has a valid status.
-  if (!hasUserOpenAiKey() || !isAutoInvestigateEnabled()) {
-    return;
-  }
-  if (input.existingStatus?.investigationState === "INVESTIGATING") {
-    return;
-  }
-  if (isStaleTabSession(input.tabId, input.tabSessionId)) {
-    return;
-  }
-
-  try {
-    const result = await investigateNow({
-      postVersionId: input.registeredVersion.postVersionId,
-    });
-    if (isStaleTabSession(input.tabId, input.tabSessionId)) {
-      return;
-    }
-    await cacheInvestigateNowResult({
-      tabId: input.tabId,
-      tabSessionId: input.tabSessionId,
-      request: input.request,
-      result,
-      existingStatus: toInvestigationStatusForCaching(input.existingStatus),
-    });
-
-    if (isInvestigatingCheckStatus(result.status)) {
-      if (isStaleTabSession(input.tabId, input.tabSessionId)) {
-        return;
-      }
-      await startInvestigationPolling({
-        tabId: input.tabId,
-        tabSessionId: input.tabSessionId,
-        platform: input.request.platform,
-        externalId: requestExternalId,
-        investigationId: result.investigationId,
-      });
-    }
-  } catch (error) {
-    await cacheApiErrorStatus({
-      error,
-      tabId: input.tabId,
-      tabSessionId: input.tabSessionId,
-      platform: input.request.platform,
-      externalId: requestExternalId,
-      pageUrl: input.request.url,
-      skipIfStale: true,
-      ...(input.existingStatus?.tabSessionId === input.tabSessionId &&
-      input.existingStatus.investigationId !== undefined
-        ? { investigationId: input.existingStatus.investigationId }
-        : {}),
-    });
-    if (isUpgradeRequiredError(error)) {
-      await markUpgradeRequiredFromError(error);
-    }
-    throw error;
-  }
-}
-
-browser.runtime.onMessage.addListener((message: unknown, sender: Runtime.MessageSender) => {
-  const protocolError = unsupportedProtocolVersionResponse(message);
-  if (protocolError) {
-    return protocolError;
-  }
-
-  const parsedMessage = extensionMessageSchema.safeParse(message);
-  if (!parsedMessage.success) {
-    return extensionRuntimeErrorResponseSchema.parse({
-      ok: false,
-      error: describeSchemaError(parsedMessage.error),
-      errorCode: "INVALID_EXTENSION_MESSAGE",
-    });
-  }
-  const typedMessage = parsedMessage.data;
-  if (!isBackgroundMessage(typedMessage)) return false;
-
-  const handle = async () => {
-    switch (typedMessage.type) {
-      case "PAGE_CONTENT":
-        return handlePageContent(typedMessage.payload, sender);
-      case "PAGE_SKIPPED":
-        return handlePageSkipped(typedMessage.payload, sender);
-      case "PAGE_RESET":
-        return handlePageReset(typedMessage.payload, sender);
-      case "GET_STATUS":
-        return handleGetStatus(typedMessage.payload, sender);
-      case "INVESTIGATE_NOW":
-        return handleInvestigateNow(typedMessage.payload, sender);
-      case "GET_CACHED":
-        return handleGetCached(sender);
-    }
-  };
-
-  return handle().catch(async (err: unknown) => {
-    if (isUpgradeRequiredError(err)) {
-      // Upgrade requirement is expected while the extension is outdated.
-    } else {
-      console.error("Background handler error:", err);
-    }
-    try {
-      await markUpgradeRequiredFromError(err);
-    } catch (upgradeStateError) {
-      console.error("Failed to update upgrade-required state:", upgradeStateError);
-    }
-    return toRuntimeErrorResponse(err);
-  });
+const tabStates = new TabStates({
+  storage: {
+    get: (key) => browser.storage.session.get(key),
+    set: (items) => browser.storage.session.set(items),
+    remove: (key) => browser.storage.session.remove(key),
+  },
+  notifyTab: async (tabId, status) => {
+    // A tab without a content script (it navigated away) needs no update.
+    await sendToTab(tabId, "STATUS_CHANGED", { status });
+  },
+  updateBadge: updateToolbarBadge,
+  listTabIds,
 });
 
-async function handlePageContent(
-  payload: ParsedPageContentPayload,
-  sender: Runtime.MessageSender,
-): Promise<ViewPostOutput> {
-  const request = toViewPostInput(payload.content);
-  const requestExternalId = viewPostExternalId(request);
-
-  let registeredVersion: RegisterObservedVersionOutput;
-  let result: ViewPostOutput;
-  try {
-    registeredVersion = await registerObservedVersion(request);
-    await clearUpgradeRequiredStateBestEffort("PAGE_CONTENT");
-    result = await recordViewAndGetStatus({
-      postVersionId: registeredVersion.postVersionId,
-    });
-  } catch (error) {
-    if (sender.tab?.id !== undefined) {
-      await cacheApiErrorStatus({
-        error,
-        tabId: sender.tab.id,
-        tabSessionId: payload.tabSessionId,
-        platform: request.platform,
-        externalId: requestExternalId,
-        pageUrl: request.url,
-        skipIfStale: true,
-        noteSession: true,
-        stopPolling: true,
-      });
-    }
-    throw error;
-  }
-
-  if (sender.tab?.id !== undefined) {
-    const tabId = sender.tab.id;
-    if (isStaleTabSession(tabId, payload.tabSessionId)) {
-      return result;
-    }
-    noteTabSession(tabId, payload.tabSessionId);
-
-    const existing = await getActivePostStatus(tabId);
-    const existingForSession =
-      existing !== null &&
-      existing.tabSessionId === payload.tabSessionId &&
-      existing.platform === request.platform &&
-      existing.externalId === requestExternalId
-        ? existing
-        : null;
-    if (!existingForSession) {
-      stopInvestigationPolling(tabId);
-    }
-
-    const resultUpdateInterim = toInvestigationStatusForCaching(result);
-    const existingForSessionUpdateInterim =
-      existingForSession === null ? null : toInvestigationStatusForCaching(existingForSession);
-
-    const { snapshot, shouldAutoInvestigate } = decidePageContentSnapshot({
-      result,
-      resultUpdateInterim,
-      existingForSession,
-      existingForSessionUpdateInterim,
-    });
-
-    const nextStatus = createPostStatusFromInvestigation({
-      tabSessionId: payload.tabSessionId,
-      platform: request.platform,
-      externalId: requestExternalId,
-      pageUrl: request.url,
-      ...(existingForSession?.investigationId === undefined
-        ? {}
-        : { investigationId: existingForSession.investigationId }),
-      ...snapshot,
-    });
-
-    const postCacheAction = decidePageContentPostCacheAction({
-      status: nextStatus,
-      shouldAutoInvestigate,
-    });
-
-    if (postCacheAction === "RESUME_POLLING") {
-      await cachePostStatus(tabId, nextStatus);
-      await maybeResumePollingFromCachedStatus(tabId, nextStatus);
-    } else if (postCacheAction === "AUTO_INVESTIGATE") {
-      // Write the NOT_INVESTIGATED status immediately so the popup never shows
-      // "Checking This Page" while waiting for the auto-investigate round-trip.
-      // maybeAutoInvestigate will overwrite with INVESTIGATING once the API
-      // call succeeds.
-      await cachePostStatus(tabId, nextStatus);
-      void maybeAutoInvestigate({
-        tabId,
-        tabSessionId: payload.tabSessionId,
-        request,
-        registeredVersion,
-        existingStatus: existingForSession,
-      }).catch((error: unknown) => {
-        console.error("auto investigate failed:", error);
-      });
-    } else {
-      await cachePostStatus(tabId, nextStatus);
-      stopInvestigationPolling(tabId);
-    }
-  }
-
-  return result;
-}
-
-async function handlePageSkipped(
-  payload: ParsedPageSkippedPayload,
-  sender: Runtime.MessageSender,
-): Promise<void> {
-  if (sender.tab?.id === undefined) {
-    return;
-  }
-
-  if (isStaleTabSession(sender.tab.id, payload.tabSessionId)) {
-    return;
-  }
-  noteTabSession(sender.tab.id, payload.tabSessionId);
-
-  stopInvestigationPolling(sender.tab.id);
-  await cacheSkippedStatus(sender.tab.id, {
-    kind: "SKIPPED",
-    tabSessionId: payload.tabSessionId,
-    platform: payload.platform,
-    externalId: payload.externalId,
-    pageUrl: payload.pageUrl,
-    reason: payload.reason,
-  });
-}
-
-async function handlePageReset(
-  payload: ParsedPageResetPayload,
-  sender: Runtime.MessageSender,
-): Promise<void> {
-  if (sender.tab?.id === undefined) {
-    return;
-  }
-  const tabId = sender.tab.id;
-  retireTabSession(tabId, payload.tabSessionId);
-
-  const active = await getActiveStatus(tabId);
-  if (active !== null && active.tabSessionId > payload.tabSessionId) {
-    return;
-  }
-
-  stopInvestigationPolling(tabId);
-  await clearActiveStatus(tabId);
-}
-
-async function handleGetStatus(
-  payload: ParsedGetStatusPayload,
-  sender: Runtime.MessageSender,
-): Promise<InvestigationStatusOutput> {
-  const { tabSessionId, ...request } = payload;
-  const result = await getInvestigation(request);
-  await clearUpgradeRequiredStateBestEffort("GET_STATUS");
-
-  const parsedResponse = parseInvestigationStatusSnapshot(toInvestigationStatusSnapshot(result));
-
-  if (sender.tab?.id !== undefined) {
-    const existing = await getActivePostStatus(sender.tab.id);
-    if (existing) {
-      if (tabSessionId !== undefined && tabSessionId !== existing.tabSessionId) {
-        return parsedResponse;
-      }
-
-      await cachePostStatus(
-        sender.tab.id,
-        createPostStatusFromInvestigation({
-          tabSessionId: existing.tabSessionId,
-          platform: existing.platform,
-          externalId: existing.externalId,
-          pageUrl: existing.pageUrl,
-          investigationId: payload.investigationId,
-          ...parsedResponse,
-        }),
-        { setActive: false },
-      );
-    }
-  }
+const polling = new InvestigationPolling({
+  tabStates,
+  getInvestigation,
+  alarms: {
+    create: (name, info) => browser.alarms.create(name, info),
+    clear: (name) => browser.alarms.clear(name),
+  },
+});
 
-  return parsedResponse;
+function logFailure(context: string): (error: unknown) => void {
+  return (error) => {
+    console.error(`${context}:`, error);
+  };
 }
 
-async function handleInvestigateNow(
-  payload: ParsedInvestigateNowPayload,
-  sender: Runtime.MessageSender,
-): Promise<InvestigateNowOutput> {
-  if (sender.tab?.id !== undefined) {
-    if (isStaleTabSession(sender.tab.id, payload.tabSessionId)) {
-      throw new Error(
-        `Rejected investigateNow for stale tab session ${payload.tabSessionId.toString()}`,
-      );
-    }
-    noteTabSession(sender.tab.id, payload.tabSessionId);
-  }
-
-  const request = payload.request;
-  const requestExternalId = viewPostExternalId(request);
-
-  let registeredVersion: RegisterObservedVersionOutput;
-  let result: InvestigateNowOutput;
-  try {
-    registeredVersion = await registerObservedVersion(request);
-    await clearUpgradeRequiredStateBestEffort("INVESTIGATE_NOW");
-    result = await investigateNow({
-      postVersionId: registeredVersion.postVersionId,
-    });
-  } catch (error) {
-    if (sender.tab?.id !== undefined) {
-      await cacheApiErrorStatus({
-        error,
-        tabId: sender.tab.id,
-        tabSessionId: payload.tabSessionId,
-        platform: request.platform,
-        externalId: requestExternalId,
-        pageUrl: request.url,
-        skipIfStale: true,
-        stopPolling: true,
-      });
-    }
-    throw error;
-  }
-
-  if (sender.tab?.id !== undefined) {
-    if (isStaleTabSession(sender.tab.id, payload.tabSessionId)) {
-      return result;
-    }
-
-    const existingStatus = await getActivePostStatus(sender.tab.id);
-    const existingStatusForCaching = toInvestigationStatusForCaching(existingStatus);
-    const preservedExistingStatus =
-      existingStatusForCaching !== null &&
-      existingStatus !== null &&
-      existingStatus.tabSessionId === payload.tabSessionId &&
-      existingStatus.platform === request.platform &&
-      existingStatus.externalId === requestExternalId
-        ? existingStatusForCaching
-        : null;
-
-    await cacheInvestigateNowResult({
-      tabId: sender.tab.id,
-      tabSessionId: payload.tabSessionId,
-      request,
-      result,
-      ...(preservedExistingStatus !== null ? { existingStatus: preservedExistingStatus } : {}),
-    });
-
-    if (isInvestigatingCheckStatus(result.status)) {
-      if (isStaleTabSession(sender.tab.id, payload.tabSessionId)) {
-        return result;
+// ── Messages ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+browser.runtime.onMessage.addListener(
+  createBackgroundRequestListener<MessageSender>(
+    createBackgroundHandlers({
+      tabStates,
+      polling,
+      api: {
+        registerObservedVersion,
+        recordViewAndGetStatus,
+        investigateNow,
+        shouldAutoInvestigate,
+      },
+      getUpgradeRequiredState,
+    }),
+    (error) => {
+      // An outdated extension is an expected state, surfaced by the popup.
+      if (!(error instanceof ApiClientError && error.errorCode === "UPGRADE_REQUIRED")) {
+        console.error("Background handler error:", error);
       }
-      await startInvestigationPolling({
-        tabId: sender.tab.id,
-        tabSessionId: payload.tabSessionId,
-        platform: request.platform,
-        externalId: requestExternalId,
-        investigationId: result.investigationId,
+      return Promise.resolve({
+        ok: false,
+        error: describeError(error),
+        ...(error instanceof ApiClientError && error.errorCode !== undefined
+          ? { errorCode: error.errorCode }
+          : {}),
       });
-    } else {
-      stopInvestigationPolling(sender.tab.id);
-    }
-  }
+    },
+  ),
+);
 
-  return result;
-}
+// ── Settings and compatibility ────────────────────────────────────────────
 
-async function handleGetCached(sender: Runtime.MessageSender): Promise<ExtensionPageStatus | null> {
-  const upgradeState = getUpgradeRequiredState();
-  if (upgradeState.active) {
-    if (upgradeState.apiBaseUrl !== getCurrentApiBaseUrl()) {
-      await clearUpgradeRequiredStateBestEffort("background GET_CACHED");
-    } else {
-      throw new ApiClientError(upgradeState.message, {
-        errorCode: "UPGRADE_REQUIRED",
-      });
-    }
-  }
-
-  if (sender.tab?.id !== undefined) {
-    const status = await getActiveStatus(sender.tab.id);
-    await maybeResumePollingFromCachedStatus(sender.tab.id, status);
-    return status;
-  }
-
-  // Popup doesn't have a tab — resolve active tab from background context.
-  const [tab] = await browser.tabs.query({ active: true, currentWindow: true });
-  if (tab?.id === undefined) return null;
-  const status = await getActiveStatus(tab.id);
-  await maybeResumePollingFromCachedStatus(tab.id, status);
-  return status;
-}
-
-browser.alarms.onAlarm.addListener((alarm) => {
-  const tabId = parsePollRecoveryAlarmTabId(alarm.name);
-  if (tabId === null) return;
-  void getActiveStatus(tabId)
-    .then((status) => maybeResumePollingFromCachedStatus(tabId, status))
-    .catch((error: unknown) => {
-      console.error("Failed to resume polling from alarm:", error);
-    });
-});
-
-browser.runtime.onStartup.addListener(() => {
-  void restoreInvestigationPollingState().catch((error: unknown) => {
-    console.error("Failed to restore investigation polling on startup:", error);
-  });
-});
-
-browser.runtime.onInstalled.addListener(() => {
-  void restoreInvestigationPollingState().catch((error: unknown) => {
-    console.error("Failed to restore investigation polling on install/update:", error);
-  });
+watchSettingsChanges();
+setUpgradeRequiredChangeListener(() => {
+  void tabStates.syncBadges().catch(logFailure("Toolbar badge sync failed"));
 });
 
-browser.storage.onChanged.addListener((changes, areaName) => {
-  if (areaName !== "local") {
-    return;
-  }
-  if (!Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(changes, "apiBaseUrl")) {
-    return;
-  }
-  const currentUpgradeState = getUpgradeRequiredState();
-  if (!currentUpgradeState.active) {
-    return;
-  }
+// ── Tab lifecycle and navigation ──────────────────────────────────────────
 
-  const changedApiBaseUrl = normalizeConfiguredApiBaseUrl(changes["apiBaseUrl"]?.newValue);
-  if (changedApiBaseUrl === currentUpgradeState.apiBaseUrl) {
-    return;
-  }
-
-  void clearUpgradeRequiredState().catch((error: unknown) => {
-    console.error("Failed to clear upgrade-required state after API base URL change:", error);
-  });
+browser.tabs.onRemoved.addListener((tabId) => {
+  polling.stop(tabId);
+  void tabStates.forgetTab(tabId).catch(logFailure("Failed to forget closed tab"));
 });
 
-browser.tabs.onRemoved.addListener((tabId) => {
-  clearInjectedCustomSubstackTab(tabId);
-  clearTabSession(tabId);
-  stopInvestigationPolling(tabId);
-  clearCache(tabId);
+// A new document in the tab ends every page session of the old one.
+// Same-document (History API) navigations are not commits; the content script
+// handles those as page-session transitions.
+addMainFrameCommittedListener(({ tabId }) => {
+  polling.stop(tabId);
+  void tabStates.forgetTab(tabId).catch(logFailure("Failed to reset tab on navigation"));
 });
 
-browser.tabs.onUpdated.addListener((tabId, changeInfo) => {
-  if (changeInfo.status !== "loading") return;
-  clearInjectedCustomSubstackTab(tabId);
-  clearTabSession(tabId);
-  stopInvestigationPolling(tabId);
-  void clearActiveStatus(tabId).catch((error: unknown) => {
-    console.error("failed to clear active status on tab loading:", error);
-  });
+// Custom-domain Substack pages get the content script as soon as their DOM is
+// parseable, rather than when all subresources finish loading (`complete` can
+// come 5-8 seconds after the article is visible). Known platform pages use
+// declarative content scripts.
+addMainFrameDomContentLoadedListener(({ tabId, url }) => {
+  void ensureContentScript(tabId, url).catch(logFailure("Content script injection failed"));
 });
 
-// Inject content scripts into custom-domain Substack pages as soon as the
-// DOM is ready, rather than waiting for all subresources (`status: "complete"`).
-// Substack pages are heavy and `complete` can fire 5-8 seconds after the
-// article content is already visible and parseable.
-addDomContentLoadedListener((details) => {
-  if (details.frameId !== 0) return;
-  void Promise.all([
-    maybeInjectKnownDomainContentScript(details.tabId, details.url),
-    maybeInjectCustomDomainSubstack(details.tabId, details.url),
-  ]);
+addMainFrameHistoryStateUpdatedListener(({ tabId, url }) => {
+  void relayLocationChange(tabId, url).catch(logFailure("Location change relay failed"));
 });
 
+// Tabs open since before the extension was installed or updated have no
+// content script until something injects one.
 browser.tabs.onActivated.addListener(({ tabId }) => {
   void browser.tabs
     .get(tabId)
-    .then((tab) => {
+    .then(async (tab) => {
       if (tab.url === undefined || tab.url.length === 0) return;
-      return Promise.all([
-        maybeInjectKnownDomainContentScript(tabId, tab.url),
-        maybeInjectCustomDomainSubstack(tabId, tab.url),
-      ]);
+      await ensureContentScript(tabId, tab.url);
     })
-    .catch(() => {
-      // Tab may have been closed between activation and the get() call.
-    });
+    .catch(logFailure("Content script injection on tab activation failed"));
 });
 
-addHistoryStateUpdatedListener((details) => {
-  if (details.frameId !== 0) return;
-  void Promise.all([
-    maybeInjectKnownDomainContentScript(details.tabId, details.url),
-    maybeInjectCustomDomainSubstack(details.tabId, details.url),
-  ]);
-});
+// ── Investigation polling recovery ────────────────────────────────────────
 
-void ensureSubstackInjectionForOpenTabs().catch((error: unknown) => {
-  console.error("substack startup probe failed:", error);
+browser.alarms.onAlarm.addListener((alarm) => {
+  const tabId = pollRecoveryAlarmTabId(alarm.name);
+  if (tabId === null) return;
+  void polling.resume(tabId).catch(logFailure("Failed to resume polling from alarm"));
 });
 
-void syncToolbarBadgesForOpenTabs().catch((error: unknown) => {
-  console.error("toolbar badge startup sync failed:", error);
-});
+// ── Install / update ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────
 
-void restoreInvestigationPollingState().catch((error: unknown) => {
-  console.error("investigation polling startup restore failed:", error);
+browser.runtime.onInstalled.addListener(() => {
+  // Versions up to 0.3.3 kept per-tab statuses in storage.local, where they
+  // outlived the browser session (and the tab ids they were keyed by), and had
+  // an attestation secret override setting ("hmacSecret").
+  void browser.storage.local
+    .get(null)
+    .then((items) => {
+      const legacyKeys = Object.keys(items).filter(
+        (key) => key.startsWith("tab:") || key === "hmacSecret",
+      );
+      return legacyKeys.length === 0 ? undefined : browser.storage.local.remove(legacyKeys);
+    })
+    .catch(logFailure("Failed to remove legacy storage keys"));
 });
+
+// ── Every worker start ────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+void ensureContentScriptsForOpenTabs().catch(logFailure("Content script startup injection failed"));
+void tabStates.syncBadges().catch(logFailure("Toolbar badge startup sync failed"));
+void listTabIds()
+  .then((tabIds) => Promise.all(tabIds.map((tabId) => polling.resume(tabId))))
+  .catch(logFailure("Investigation polling startup restore failed"));
diff --git a/src/typescript/extension/src/background/investigation-polling.ts b/src/typescript/extension/src/background/investigation-polling.ts
index 1d97f7d..09f7e75 100644
--- a/src/typescript/extension/src/background/investigation-polling.ts
+++ b/src/typescript/extension/src/background/investigation-polling.ts
@@ -1,315 +1,194 @@
 import {
   POLL_INTERVAL_MS,
-  getInvestigationInputSchema,
   type ExtensionPageStatus,
   type ExtensionPostStatus,
-  type InvestigateNowOutput,
-  type InvestigationStatusOutput,
-  type ViewPostInput,
+  type GetInvestigationInput,
+  type GetInvestigationOutput,
+  type InvestigationId,
+  type TabSessionId,
 } from "@openerrata/shared";
-import browser from "webextension-polyfill";
-import { getInvestigation } from "./api-client.js";
-import { cachePostStatus, getActivePostStatus, getActiveStatus } from "./cache.js";
-import { apiErrorToPostStatus, createPostStatusFromInvestigation } from "./post-status.js";
-import { BackgroundInvestigationState, type InvestigationPoller } from "./investigation-state.js";
-import {
-  clearUpgradeRequiredStateBestEffort,
-  isTerminalCompatibilityError,
-  isUpgradeRequiredError,
-  markUpgradeRequiredFromError,
-} from "./upgrade-required-runtime.js";
-import { toInvestigationStatusSnapshot } from "./message-dispatch.js";
-
-const backgroundInvestigationState = new BackgroundInvestigationState();
-const INVESTIGATION_POLL_ALARM_PREFIX = "investigation-poll:";
-// Chrome enforces a minimum repeating alarm interval; keep this as a wake-up
-// recovery signal and retain in-memory 5s polling while the worker is alive.
-const INVESTIGATION_POLL_RECOVERY_ALARM_PERIOD_MINUTES = 0.5;
-
-export function noteTabSession(tabId: number, tabSessionId: number): void {
-  backgroundInvestigationState.noteTabSession(tabId, tabSessionId);
+import { ApiClientError } from "./api-client-error.js";
+import { apiErrorPostStatus, postStatusFromPoll, type PostPage } from "./post-status.js";
+import type { TabStates } from "./tab-state.js";
+
+const POLL_RECOVERY_ALARM_PREFIX = "investigation-poll:";
+// Chrome enforces a minimum repeating alarm interval; the alarm only wakes a
+// stopped service worker so polling can resume — ticks run on timers.
+const POLL_RECOVERY_ALARM_PERIOD_MINUTES = 0.5;
+/** Consecutive transient failures (network, 5xx) tolerated before giving up. */
+const MAX_CONSECUTIVE_POLL_FAILURES = 5;
+
+type InvestigatingStatus = Extract<ExtensionPostStatus, { investigationState: "INVESTIGATING" }>;
+
+interface Poller {
+  tabSessionId: TabSessionId;
+  investigationId: InvestigationId;
+  consecutiveFailures: number;
+  timer: ReturnType<typeof setTimeout> | null;
+}
+
+interface InvestigationPollingDeps {
+  tabStates: TabStates;
+  getInvestigation: (input: GetInvestigationInput) => Promise<GetInvestigationOutput>;
+  alarms: {
+    create: (name: string, info: { periodInMinutes: number }) => Promise<void>;
+    clear: (name: string) => Promise<boolean>;
+  };
 }
 
-export function retireTabSession(tabId: number, tabSessionId: number): void {
-  backgroundInvestigationState.retireTabSession(tabId, tabSessionId);
+function pageOf(status: ExtensionPostStatus): PostPage {
+  return {
+    tabSessionId: status.tabSessionId,
+    platform: status.platform,
+    externalId: status.externalId,
+    pageUrl: status.pageUrl,
+  };
 }
 
-export function clearTabSession(tabId: number): void {
-  backgroundInvestigationState.clearTabSession(tabId);
+function isInvestigating(status: ExtensionPageStatus | null): status is InvestigatingStatus {
+  return status?.kind === "POST" && status.investigationState === "INVESTIGATING";
 }
 
-export function isStaleTabSession(tabId: number, tabSessionId: number): boolean {
-  return backgroundInvestigationState.isStaleTabSession(tabId, tabSessionId);
+/**
+ * A failure retrying cannot fix: every coded API client error is a
+ * compatibility, configuration or contract problem, not a transient one.
+ */
+function isNonRetryablePollError(error: unknown): boolean {
+  return error instanceof ApiClientError && error.errorCode !== undefined;
 }
 
-export async function cacheApiErrorStatus(input: {
-  error: unknown;
-  tabId: number;
-  tabSessionId: number;
-  platform: ViewPostInput["platform"];
-  externalId: string;
-  pageUrl: string;
-  investigationId?: string;
-  skipIfStale?: boolean;
-  noteSession?: boolean;
-  stopPolling?: boolean;
-}): Promise<void> {
-  if (input.skipIfStale === true && isStaleTabSession(input.tabId, input.tabSessionId)) {
-    return;
-  }
-  if (input.noteSession === true) {
-    noteTabSession(input.tabId, input.tabSessionId);
-  }
-  if (input.stopPolling === true) {
-    stopInvestigationPolling(input.tabId);
-  }
-
-  const statusInput: Parameters<typeof apiErrorToPostStatus>[0] = {
-    error: input.error,
-    tabSessionId: input.tabSessionId,
-    platform: input.platform,
-    externalId: input.externalId,
-    pageUrl: input.pageUrl,
-  };
-  if (input.investigationId !== undefined) {
-    statusInput.investigationId = input.investigationId;
-  }
-
-  await cachePostStatus(input.tabId, apiErrorToPostStatus(statusInput));
+export function pollRecoveryAlarmTabId(alarmName: string): number | null {
+  if (!alarmName.startsWith(POLL_RECOVERY_ALARM_PREFIX)) return null;
+  const rawTabId = alarmName.slice(POLL_RECOVERY_ALARM_PREFIX.length);
+  if (!/^\d+$/.test(rawTabId)) return null;
+  const tabId = Number.parseInt(rawTabId, 10);
+  return Number.isSafeInteger(tabId) ? tabId : null;
 }
 
 function pollRecoveryAlarmName(tabId: number): string {
-  return `${INVESTIGATION_POLL_ALARM_PREFIX}${tabId.toString()}`;
+  return `${POLL_RECOVERY_ALARM_PREFIX}${tabId.toString()}`;
 }
 
-export function parsePollRecoveryAlarmTabId(alarmName: string): number | null {
-  if (!alarmName.startsWith(INVESTIGATION_POLL_ALARM_PREFIX)) {
-    return null;
-  }
-  const rawTabId = alarmName.slice(INVESTIGATION_POLL_ALARM_PREFIX.length);
-  if (!/^\d+$/.test(rawTabId)) {
-    return null;
+/**
+ * Follows INVESTIGATING statuses: polls `getInvestigation` every
+ * `POLL_INTERVAL_MS` and caches each result, until the investigation settles
+ * or the page session the status belongs to ends.
+ */
+export class InvestigationPolling {
+  readonly #deps: InvestigationPollingDeps;
+  readonly #pollers = new Map<number, Poller>();
+
+  constructor(deps: InvestigationPollingDeps) {
+    this.#deps = deps;
   }
-  const tabId = Number.parseInt(rawTabId, 10);
-  if (!Number.isSafeInteger(tabId) || tabId < 0) {
-    return null;
+
+  follow(tabId: number, status: InvestigatingStatus): void {
+    const existing = this.#pollers.get(tabId);
+    if (
+      existing?.tabSessionId === status.tabSessionId &&
+      existing.investigationId === status.investigationId
+    ) {
+      return;
+    }
+    this.stop(tabId);
+
+    const poller: Poller = {
+      tabSessionId: status.tabSessionId,
+      investigationId: status.investigationId,
+      consecutiveFailures: 0,
+      timer: null,
+    };
+    this.#pollers.set(tabId, poller);
+    void this.#deps.alarms
+      .create(pollRecoveryAlarmName(tabId), {
+        periodInMinutes: POLL_RECOVERY_ALARM_PERIOD_MINUTES,
+      })
+      .catch((error: unknown) => {
+        console.error("Failed to schedule investigation poll recovery alarm:", error);
+      });
+    this.#runTick(tabId, poller);
   }
-  return tabId;
-}
 
-function schedulePollRecoveryAlarm(tabId: number): void {
-  void browser.alarms
-    .create(pollRecoveryAlarmName(tabId), {
-      periodInMinutes: INVESTIGATION_POLL_RECOVERY_ALARM_PERIOD_MINUTES,
-    })
-    .catch((error: unknown) => {
-      console.error("Failed to schedule investigation poll recovery alarm:", error);
+  stop(tabId: number): void {
+    void this.#deps.alarms.clear(pollRecoveryAlarmName(tabId)).catch((error: unknown) => {
+      console.error("Failed to clear investigation poll recovery alarm:", error);
     });
-}
-
-function clearPollRecoveryAlarm(tabId: number): void {
-  void browser.alarms.clear(pollRecoveryAlarmName(tabId)).catch((error: unknown) => {
-    console.error("Failed to clear investigation poll recovery alarm:", error);
-  });
-}
-
-export function stopInvestigationPolling(tabId: number): void {
-  clearPollRecoveryAlarm(tabId);
-
-  const existing = backgroundInvestigationState.getPoller(tabId);
-  if (!existing) return;
-
-  if (existing.timer !== null) {
-    clearInterval(existing.timer);
+    const poller = this.#pollers.get(tabId);
+    if (poller === undefined) return;
+    if (poller.timer !== null) {
+      clearTimeout(poller.timer);
+    }
+    this.#pollers.delete(tabId);
   }
-  backgroundInvestigationState.clearPoller(tabId);
-}
 
-export function isInvestigatingCheckStatus(status: InvestigateNowOutput["status"]): boolean {
-  return status === "PENDING" || status === "PROCESSING";
-}
+  /** Follow (or stop following) whatever the tab's cached status now is. */
+  async resume(tabId: number): Promise<void> {
+    const status = await this.#deps.tabStates.getStatus(tabId);
+    if (isInvestigating(status)) {
+      this.follow(tabId, status);
+    } else {
+      this.stop(tabId);
+    }
+  }
 
-function isInvestigatingSnapshot(
-  snapshot: Pick<InvestigationStatusOutput, "investigationState">,
-): boolean {
-  return snapshot.investigationState === "INVESTIGATING";
-}
+  #isActive(tabId: number, poller: Poller): boolean {
+    return this.#pollers.get(tabId) === poller;
+  }
 
-export async function startInvestigationPolling(input: {
-  tabId: number;
-  tabSessionId: number;
-  platform: ViewPostInput["platform"];
-  externalId: string;
-  investigationId: string;
-}): Promise<void> {
-  stopInvestigationPolling(input.tabId);
+  #schedule(tabId: number, poller: Poller, delayMs: number): void {
+    poller.timer = setTimeout(() => {
+      poller.timer = null;
+      this.#runTick(tabId, poller);
+    }, delayMs);
+  }
 
-  const poller: InvestigationPoller = {
-    tabSessionId: input.tabSessionId,
-    investigationId: input.investigationId,
-    inFlight: false,
-    timer: null,
-  };
-  backgroundInvestigationState.setPoller(input.tabId, poller);
-  schedulePollRecoveryAlarm(input.tabId);
+  #runTick(tabId: number, poller: Poller): void {
+    void this.#tick(tabId, poller).catch((error: unknown) => {
+      console.error("Investigation polling failed:", error);
+      if (this.#isActive(tabId, poller)) this.stop(tabId);
+    });
+  }
 
-  const tick = async () => {
-    const activePoller = backgroundInvestigationState.getPoller(input.tabId);
+  async #tick(tabId: number, poller: Poller): Promise<void> {
+    if (!this.#isActive(tabId, poller)) return;
+    const followed = await this.#deps.tabStates.getStatus(tabId);
     if (
-      activePoller?.tabSessionId !== input.tabSessionId ||
-      activePoller.investigationId !== input.investigationId
+      !isInvestigating(followed) ||
+      followed.tabSessionId !== poller.tabSessionId ||
+      followed.investigationId !== poller.investigationId
     ) {
+      this.stop(tabId);
       return;
     }
-    if (activePoller.inFlight) return;
 
-    activePoller.inFlight = true;
-    let existingStatus: ExtensionPostStatus | null = null;
+    let output: GetInvestigationOutput;
     try {
-      const existing = await getActivePostStatus(input.tabId);
+      output = await this.#deps.getInvestigation({ investigationId: poller.investigationId });
+    } catch (error) {
+      if (!this.#isActive(tabId, poller)) return;
+      poller.consecutiveFailures += 1;
       if (
-        existing?.tabSessionId !== input.tabSessionId ||
-        existing.platform !== input.platform ||
-        existing.externalId !== input.externalId
+        isNonRetryablePollError(error) ||
+        poller.consecutiveFailures >= MAX_CONSECUTIVE_POLL_FAILURES
       ) {
-        stopInvestigationPolling(input.tabId);
-        return;
-      }
-      existingStatus = existing;
-
-      const latest = await getInvestigation(
-        getInvestigationInputSchema.parse({
-          investigationId: input.investigationId,
-        }),
-      );
-      await clearUpgradeRequiredStateBestEffort("investigation polling");
-      const latestSnapshot = toInvestigationStatusSnapshot(latest);
-      await cachePostStatus(
-        input.tabId,
-        createPostStatusFromInvestigation({
-          tabSessionId: input.tabSessionId,
-          platform: input.platform,
-          externalId: input.externalId,
-          pageUrl: existing.pageUrl,
-          investigationId: input.investigationId,
-          ...latestSnapshot,
-        }),
-        { setActive: false },
-      );
-
-      if (!isInvestigatingSnapshot(latestSnapshot)) {
-        stopInvestigationPolling(input.tabId);
-      }
-    } catch (error: unknown) {
-      if (isTerminalCompatibilityError(error)) {
-        if (isUpgradeRequiredError(error)) {
-          await markUpgradeRequiredFromError(error);
-        }
-
-        if (existingStatus !== null) {
-          await cacheApiErrorStatus({
-            error,
-            tabId: input.tabId,
-            tabSessionId: input.tabSessionId,
-            platform: input.platform,
-            externalId: input.externalId,
-            pageUrl: existingStatus.pageUrl,
-            investigationId: input.investigationId,
-            stopPolling: true,
-          });
-        } else {
-          stopInvestigationPolling(input.tabId);
-        }
+        console.error("Investigation polling gave up:", error);
+        this.stop(tabId);
+        await this.#deps.tabStates.putStatus(tabId, apiErrorPostStatus(pageOf(followed)));
         return;
       }
-      console.error("investigation polling failed:", error);
-    } finally {
-      const current = backgroundInvestigationState.getPoller(input.tabId);
-      if (current) {
-        current.inFlight = false;
-      }
-    }
-  };
-
-  await tick();
-  const current = backgroundInvestigationState.getPoller(input.tabId);
-  if (!current || current !== poller) {
-    return;
-  }
-  const timer = setInterval(() => {
-    void tick();
-  }, POLL_INTERVAL_MS);
-  poller.timer = timer;
-}
-
-export async function maybeResumePollingFromCachedStatus(
-  tabId: number,
-  status: ExtensionPageStatus | null,
-): Promise<void> {
-  if (status?.kind !== "POST") {
-    stopInvestigationPolling(tabId);
-    return;
-  }
-  if (status.investigationState !== "INVESTIGATING" || status.investigationId === undefined) {
-    stopInvestigationPolling(tabId);
-    return;
-  }
-
-  const activePoller = backgroundInvestigationState.getPoller(tabId);
-  if (
-    activePoller?.tabSessionId === status.tabSessionId &&
-    activePoller.investigationId === status.investigationId
-  ) {
-    return;
-  }
-
-  await startInvestigationPolling({
-    tabId,
-    tabSessionId: status.tabSessionId,
-    platform: status.platform,
-    externalId: status.externalId,
-    investigationId: status.investigationId,
-  });
-}
-
-async function resumeInvestigationPollingForOpenTabs(): Promise<void> {
-  const tabs = await browser.tabs.query({});
-  await Promise.all(
-    tabs.map(async (tab) => {
-      if (tab.id === undefined) return;
-      try {
-        const status = await getActiveStatus(tab.id);
-        await maybeResumePollingFromCachedStatus(tab.id, status);
-      } catch (error) {
-        console.error("Failed to resume investigation polling for tab:", error);
-      }
-    }),
-  );
-}
-
-async function clearAllPollRecoveryAlarms(): Promise<void> {
-  const alarms = await browser.alarms.getAll();
-  const clearTasks = alarms.flatMap((alarm) => {
-    if (parsePollRecoveryAlarmTabId(alarm.name) === null) {
-      return [];
+      console.error("Investigation poll failed; retrying with backoff:", error);
+      this.#schedule(tabId, poller, POLL_INTERVAL_MS * 2 ** poller.consecutiveFailures);
+      return;
     }
-    return [browser.alarms.clear(alarm.name)];
-  });
-  await Promise.all(clearTasks);
-}
-
-let restoreInvestigationPollingPromise: Promise<void> | null = null;
 
-export async function restoreInvestigationPollingState(): Promise<void> {
-  restoreInvestigationPollingPromise ??= (async () => {
-    for (const tabId of backgroundInvestigationState.pollerTabIds()) {
-      stopInvestigationPolling(tabId);
+    if (!this.#isActive(tabId, poller)) return;
+    poller.consecutiveFailures = 0;
+    const next = postStatusFromPoll(pageOf(followed), poller.investigationId, output);
+    await this.#deps.tabStates.putStatus(tabId, next);
+    if (next.investigationState === "INVESTIGATING" && this.#isActive(tabId, poller)) {
+      this.#schedule(tabId, poller, POLL_INTERVAL_MS);
+    } else {
+      this.stop(tabId);
     }
-    await clearAllPollRecoveryAlarms();
-    await resumeInvestigationPollingForOpenTabs();
-  })().finally(() => {
-    restoreInvestigationPollingPromise = null;
-  });
-
-  await restoreInvestigationPollingPromise;
+  }
 }
diff --git a/src/typescript/extension/src/background/investigation-snapshot.ts b/src/typescript/extension/src/background/investigation-snapshot.ts
deleted file mode 100644
index dbdf2ac..0000000
--- a/src/typescript/extension/src/background/investigation-snapshot.ts
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,92 +0,0 @@
-import {
-  isNonNullObject,
-  priorInvestigationResultSchema,
-  type ExtensionPostStatus,
-  type InvestigationStatusOutput,
-  type InvestigateNowOutput,
-  type ViewPostOutput,
-} from "@openerrata/shared";
-
-type UpdateInterimClaims = NonNullable<
-  Extract<
-    InvestigationStatusOutput,
-    { investigationState: "NOT_INVESTIGATED" }
-  >["priorInvestigationResult"]
->;
-
-export function snapshotFromInvestigateNowResult(
-  result: InvestigateNowOutput,
-  existing?: InvestigationStatusOutput | null,
-): InvestigationStatusOutput {
-  switch (result.status) {
-    case "COMPLETE":
-      return {
-        investigationState: "INVESTIGATED",
-        provenance: result.provenance,
-        claims: result.claims,
-      };
-    case "PENDING":
-    case "PROCESSING": {
-      const updateFallback = readPriorInvestigationResult(existing);
-      return {
-        investigationState: "INVESTIGATING",
-        status: result.status,
-        provenance: result.provenance,
-        pendingClaims: [],
-        confirmedClaims: [],
-        priorInvestigationResult: updateFallback,
-      };
-    }
-    case "FAILED":
-      return {
-        investigationState: "FAILED",
-        provenance: result.provenance,
-      };
-  }
-}
-
-function readPriorInvestigationResult(snapshot: unknown): UpdateInterimClaims | null {
-  if (!isNonNullObject(snapshot)) return null;
-  if (!("priorInvestigationResult" in snapshot)) return null;
-  const result = priorInvestigationResultSchema.safeParse(snapshot["priorInvestigationResult"]);
-  return result.success ? result.data : null;
-}
-
-export function toInvestigationStatusForCaching(
-  snapshot: ViewPostOutput | InvestigationStatusOutput | ExtensionPostStatus | null | undefined,
-): InvestigationStatusOutput | null {
-  if (snapshot === null || snapshot === undefined) {
-    return null;
-  }
-  switch (snapshot.investigationState) {
-    case "NOT_INVESTIGATED":
-      return {
-        investigationState: "NOT_INVESTIGATED",
-        priorInvestigationResult: readPriorInvestigationResult(snapshot),
-      };
-    case "INVESTIGATING":
-      return {
-        investigationState: "INVESTIGATING",
-        status: snapshot.status,
-        provenance: snapshot.provenance,
-        pendingClaims: snapshot.pendingClaims,
-        confirmedClaims: snapshot.confirmedClaims,
-        priorInvestigationResult: readPriorInvestigationResult(snapshot),
-      };
-    case "INVESTIGATED":
-      return {
-        investigationState: "INVESTIGATED",
-        provenance: snapshot.provenance,
-        claims: snapshot.claims,
-      };
-    case "FAILED":
-      return {
-        investigationState: "FAILED",
-        provenance: snapshot.provenance,
-      };
-    case "API_ERROR":
-      // API errors are transient client-side states that don't map to a
-      // server-side investigation status. Nothing to cache.
-      return null;
-  }
-}
diff --git a/src/typescript/extension/src/background/investigation-state.ts b/src/typescript/extension/src/background/investigation-state.ts
deleted file mode 100644
index 172b97c..0000000
--- a/src/typescript/extension/src/background/investigation-state.ts
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,48 +0,0 @@
-export interface InvestigationPoller {
-  tabSessionId: number;
-  investigationId: string;
-  inFlight: boolean;
-  timer: ReturnType<typeof setInterval> | null;
-}
-
-export class BackgroundInvestigationState {
-  private readonly latestTabSessionByTab = new Map<number, number>();
-  private readonly investigationPollers = new Map<number, InvestigationPoller>();
-
-  noteTabSession(tabId: number, tabSessionId: number): void {
-    const existing = this.latestTabSessionByTab.get(tabId);
-    if (existing === undefined || tabSessionId > existing) {
-      this.latestTabSessionByTab.set(tabId, tabSessionId);
-    }
-  }
-
-  retireTabSession(tabId: number, tabSessionId: number): void {
-    this.noteTabSession(tabId, tabSessionId + 1);
-  }
-
-  clearTabSession(tabId: number): void {
-    this.latestTabSessionByTab.delete(tabId);
-  }
-
-  isStaleTabSession(tabId: number, tabSessionId: number): boolean {
-    const latest = this.latestTabSessionByTab.get(tabId);
-    if (latest === undefined) return false;
-    return tabSessionId < latest;
-  }
-
-  setPoller(tabId: number, poller: InvestigationPoller): void {
-    this.investigationPollers.set(tabId, poller);
-  }
-
-  getPoller(tabId: number): InvestigationPoller | undefined {
-    return this.investigationPollers.get(tabId);
-  }
-
-  clearPoller(tabId: number): void {
-    this.investigationPollers.delete(tabId);
-  }
-
-  pollerTabIds(): IterableIterator<number> {
-    return this.investigationPollers.keys();
-  }
-}
diff --git a/src/typescript/extension/src/background/message-dispatch.ts b/src/typescript/extension/src/background/message-dispatch.ts
deleted file mode 100644
index 9a44543..0000000
--- a/src/typescript/extension/src/background/message-dispatch.ts
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,29 +0,0 @@
-import type { GetInvestigationOutput, InvestigationStatusOutput } from "@openerrata/shared";
-
-const BACKGROUND_MESSAGE_TYPES = new Set([
-  "PAGE_CONTENT",
-  "PAGE_SKIPPED",
-  "PAGE_RESET",
-  "GET_STATUS",
-  "INVESTIGATE_NOW",
-  "GET_CACHED",
-]);
-
-export type BackgroundMessageType =
-  | "PAGE_CONTENT"
-  | "PAGE_SKIPPED"
-  | "PAGE_RESET"
-  | "GET_STATUS"
-  | "INVESTIGATE_NOW"
-  | "GET_CACHED";
-
-export function isBackgroundMessageType(type: string): type is BackgroundMessageType {
-  return BACKGROUND_MESSAGE_TYPES.has(type);
-}
-
-export function toInvestigationStatusSnapshot(
-  output: GetInvestigationOutput,
-): InvestigationStatusOutput {
-  const { checkedAt: _checkedAt, ...snapshot } = output;
-  return snapshot;
-}
diff --git a/src/typescript/extension/src/background/message-handlers.ts b/src/typescript/extension/src/background/message-handlers.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4382aa0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/typescript/extension/src/background/message-handlers.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,195 @@
+import type {
+  ExtensionPostStatus,
+  InvestigateNowInput,
+  InvestigateNowOutput,
+  PlatformContent,
+  RecordViewAndGetStatusInput,
+  RegisterObservedVersionInput,
+  RegisterObservedVersionOutput,
+  TabSessionId,
+  ViewPostOutput,
+} from "@openerrata/shared";
+import type { BackgroundRequestHandlers } from "../lib/messaging.js";
+import { toViewPostInput } from "../lib/view-post-input.js";
+import type { InvestigationPolling } from "./investigation-polling.js";
+import {
+  apiErrorPostStatus,
+  postStatusFromInvestigateNow,
+  postStatusFromView,
+  priorResultOf,
+  type PostPage,
+} from "./post-status.js";
+import type { TabStates } from "./tab-state.js";
+import type { UpgradeRequiredState } from "./upgrade-required.js";
+
+/** The parts of a `runtime.onMessage` sender the handlers use. */
+export interface MessageSender {
+  tab?: { id?: number };
+}
+
+interface BackgroundHandlerDeps {
+  tabStates: TabStates;
+  polling: InvestigationPolling;
+  api: {
+    registerObservedVersion: (
+      input: RegisterObservedVersionInput,
+    ) => Promise<RegisterObservedVersionOutput>;
+    recordViewAndGetStatus: (input: RecordViewAndGetStatusInput) => Promise<ViewPostOutput>;
+    investigateNow: (input: InvestigateNowInput) => Promise<InvestigateNowOutput>;
+    shouldAutoInvestigate: () => Promise<boolean>;
+  };
+  getUpgradeRequiredState: () => Promise<UpgradeRequiredState>;
+}
+
+/** Content-script messages always come from a tab; anything else is a protocol violation. */
+function requireSenderTabId(sender: MessageSender): number {
+  const tabId = sender.tab?.id;
+  if (tabId === undefined) {
+    throw new Error("Page-session messages must come from a tab's content script");
+  }
+  return tabId;
+}
+
+function pageOf(tabSessionId: TabSessionId, content: PlatformContent): PostPage {
+  return {
+    tabSessionId,
+    platform: content.platform,
+    externalId: content.externalId,
+    pageUrl: content.url,
+  };
+}
+
+function staleSessionError(tabSessionId: TabSessionId): Error {
+  return new Error(`Tab session ${tabSessionId} is no longer the tab's current page session`);
+}
+
+export function createBackgroundHandlers(
+  deps: BackgroundHandlerDeps,
+): BackgroundRequestHandlers<MessageSender> {
+  const { tabStates, polling, api } = deps;
+
+  /**
+   * Cache a post status and follow it if it is still in progress. False when
+   * its page session was superseded meanwhile (nothing is cached then).
+   */
+  async function publishPostStatus(tabId: number, status: ExtensionPostStatus): Promise<boolean> {
+    if (!(await tabStates.putStatus(tabId, status))) return false;
+    if (status.investigationState === "INVESTIGATING") {
+      polling.follow(tabId, status);
+    } else {
+      polling.stop(tabId);
+    }
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  async function autoInvestigate(
+    tabId: number,
+    page: PostPage,
+    postVersionId: RegisterObservedVersionOutput["postVersionId"],
+  ): Promise<void> {
+    let result: InvestigateNowOutput;
+    try {
+      result = await api.investigateNow({ postVersionId });
+    } catch (error) {
+      await publishPostStatus(tabId, apiErrorPostStatus(page));
+      throw error;
+    }
+    const current = await tabStates.getStatus(tabId);
+    const prior =
+      current?.kind === "POST" && current.tabSessionId === page.tabSessionId
+        ? priorResultOf(current)
+        : null;
+    await publishPostStatus(tabId, postStatusFromInvestigateNow(page, result, prior));
+  }
+
+  return {
+    async PAGE_CONTENT({ tabSessionId, content }, sender) {
+      const tabId = requireSenderTabId(sender);
+      if (!tabStates.claimSession(tabId, tabSessionId)) {
+        throw staleSessionError(tabSessionId);
+      }
+      const page = pageOf(tabSessionId, content);
+
+      let registered: RegisterObservedVersionOutput;
+      let view: ViewPostOutput;
+      try {
+        registered = await api.registerObservedVersion(toViewPostInput(content));
+        view = await api.recordViewAndGetStatus({ postVersionId: registered.postVersionId });
+      } catch (error) {
+        await publishPostStatus(tabId, apiErrorPostStatus(page));
+        throw error;
+      }
+
+      // An investigation someone else (or the selector) started is followed
+      // like one this tab started (spec §2.6).
+      const status = postStatusFromView(page, view);
+      const published = await publishPostStatus(tabId, status);
+
+      if (
+        published &&
+        view.investigationState === "NOT_INVESTIGATED" &&
+        (await api.shouldAutoInvestigate())
+      ) {
+        void autoInvestigate(tabId, page, registered.postVersionId).catch((error: unknown) => {
+          console.error("Auto-investigate failed:", error);
+        });
+      }
+      return status;
+    },
+
+    async PAGE_SKIPPED(skipped, sender) {
+      const tabId = requireSenderTabId(sender);
+      if (!tabStates.claimSession(tabId, skipped.tabSessionId)) {
+        // A superseded session's skip is moot.
+        return null;
+      }
+      polling.stop(tabId);
+      await tabStates.putStatus(tabId, { kind: "SKIPPED", ...skipped });
+      return null;
+    },
+
+    async PAGE_RESET({ tabSessionId }, sender) {
+      const tabId = requireSenderTabId(sender);
+      polling.stop(tabId);
+      await tabStates.retireSession(tabId, tabSessionId);
+      return null;
+    },
+
+    async INVESTIGATE_NOW({ tabSessionId, content }, sender) {
+      const tabId = requireSenderTabId(sender);
+      if (!tabStates.claimSession(tabId, tabSessionId)) {
+        throw staleSessionError(tabSessionId);
+      }
+      const page = pageOf(tabSessionId, content);
+
+      let result: InvestigateNowOutput;
+      try {
+        const registered = await api.registerObservedVersion(toViewPostInput(content));
+        result = await api.investigateNow({ postVersionId: registered.postVersionId });
+      } catch (error) {
+        await publishPostStatus(tabId, apiErrorPostStatus(page));
+        throw error;
+      }
+
+      const current = await tabStates.getStatus(tabId);
+      const prior =
+        current?.kind === "POST" && current.tabSessionId === tabSessionId
+          ? priorResultOf(current)
+          : null;
+      const status = postStatusFromInvestigateNow(page, result, prior);
+      await publishPostStatus(tabId, status);
+      return status;
+    },
+
+    async GET_TAB_STATUS({ tabId }) {
+      const upgrade = await deps.getUpgradeRequiredState();
+      if (upgrade.kind === "REQUIRED") {
+        return { kind: "UPGRADE_REQUIRED", message: upgrade.message };
+      }
+      // A popup read is a natural moment to pick polling back up after the
+      // service worker was stopped.
+      await polling.resume(tabId);
+      return { kind: "STATUS", status: await tabStates.getStatus(tabId) };
+    },
+  };
+}
diff --git a/src/typescript/extension/src/background/page-content-action.ts b/src/typescript/extension/src/background/page-content-action.ts
deleted file mode 100644
index 66bdc01..0000000
--- a/src/typescript/extension/src/background/page-content-action.ts
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,19 +0,0 @@
-import type { ExtensionPostStatus } from "@openerrata/shared";
-
-type PageContentPostCacheAction = "RESUME_POLLING" | "AUTO_INVESTIGATE" | "STOP_POLLING";
-
-export function decidePageContentPostCacheAction(input: {
-  status: Pick<ExtensionPostStatus, "investigationState" | "investigationId">;
-  shouldAutoInvestigate: boolean;
-}): PageContentPostCacheAction {
-  if (
-    input.status.investigationState === "INVESTIGATING" &&
-    input.status.investigationId !== undefined
-  ) {
-    return "RESUME_POLLING";
-  }
-  if (input.shouldAutoInvestigate) {
-    return "AUTO_INVESTIGATE";
-  }
-  return "STOP_POLLING";
-}
diff --git a/src/typescript/extension/src/background/page-content-decision.ts b/src/typescript/extension/src/background/page-content-decision.ts
deleted file mode 100644
index 79f3eb9..0000000
--- a/src/typescript/extension/src/background/page-content-decision.ts
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,47 +0,0 @@
-import type {
-  ExtensionPostStatus,
-  InvestigationStatusOutput,
-  ViewPostOutput,
-} from "@openerrata/shared";
-
-export function decidePageContentSnapshot(input: {
-  result: ViewPostOutput;
-  resultUpdateInterim: InvestigationStatusOutput | null;
-  existingForSession: ExtensionPostStatus | null;
-  existingForSessionUpdateInterim: InvestigationStatusOutput | null;
-}): { snapshot: InvestigationStatusOutput; shouldAutoInvestigate: boolean } {
-  let snapshot: InvestigationStatusOutput;
-  if (input.result.investigationState === "INVESTIGATED") {
-    snapshot = input.result;
-  } else if (input.resultUpdateInterim !== null) {
-    snapshot = input.resultUpdateInterim;
-  } else if (input.existingForSession?.investigationState === "INVESTIGATING") {
-    if (input.existingForSessionUpdateInterim !== null) {
-      snapshot = input.existingForSessionUpdateInterim;
-    } else {
-      snapshot = {
-        investigationState: "INVESTIGATING",
-        status: input.existingForSession.status,
-        provenance: input.existingForSession.provenance,
-        pendingClaims: input.existingForSession.pendingClaims,
-        confirmedClaims: input.existingForSession.confirmedClaims,
-        priorInvestigationResult: null,
-      };
-    }
-  } else if (input.existingForSession?.investigationState === "FAILED") {
-    snapshot = {
-      investigationState: "FAILED",
-      provenance: input.existingForSession.provenance,
-    };
-  } else {
-    // API_ERROR and NOT_INVESTIGATED fall through to the fresh result.
-    snapshot = input.result;
-  }
-
-  return {
-    snapshot,
-    // Auto-investigate should only run for the server's current-version miss.
-    // Interim snapshots are display data and must not trigger new work.
-    shouldAutoInvestigate: input.result.investigationState === "NOT_INVESTIGATED",
-  };
-}
diff --git a/src/typescript/extension/src/background/post-status.ts b/src/typescript/extension/src/background/post-status.ts
index 6c5c0b8..2fbcb5d 100644
--- a/src/typescript/extension/src/background/post-status.ts
+++ b/src/typescript/extension/src/background/post-status.ts
@@ -1,194 +1,112 @@
-import { extensionPostStatusSchema } from "@openerrata/shared";
 import type {
-  ContentProvenance,
   ExtensionPostStatus,
-  InvestigationClaimPayload,
-  InvestigationStatusOutput,
-  ViewPostInput,
+  GetInvestigationOutput,
+  InvestigateNowOutput,
+  InvestigationId,
+  Platform,
+  PostId,
+  TabSessionId,
   ViewPostOutput,
 } from "@openerrata/shared";
-type PriorInvestigationResult = NonNullable<
-  Extract<
-    InvestigationStatusOutput,
-    { investigationState: "NOT_INVESTIGATED" | "INVESTIGATING" }
-  >["priorInvestigationResult"]
->;
 
-interface PostStatusIdentity {
-  tabSessionId: number;
-  platform: ViewPostInput["platform"];
-  externalId: string;
+/** The page session a post status describes. */
+export interface PostPage {
+  tabSessionId: TabSessionId;
+  platform: Platform;
+  externalId: PostId;
   pageUrl: string;
-  investigationId?: string;
 }
 
-type PostStatusInput =
-  | (PostStatusIdentity & {
-      investigationState: "NOT_INVESTIGATED";
-      priorInvestigationResult: PriorInvestigationResult | null;
-    })
-  | (PostStatusIdentity & {
-      investigationState: "INVESTIGATING";
-      status: "PENDING" | "PROCESSING";
-      provenance: ContentProvenance;
-      pendingClaims: InvestigationClaimPayload[];
-      confirmedClaims: InvestigationClaimPayload[];
-      priorInvestigationResult: PriorInvestigationResult | null;
-    })
-  | (PostStatusIdentity & {
-      investigationState: "FAILED";
-      provenance: ContentProvenance;
-    })
-  | (PostStatusIdentity & {
-      investigationState: "API_ERROR";
-    })
-  | (PostStatusIdentity & {
-      investigationState: "INVESTIGATED";
-      provenance: ContentProvenance;
-      claims: Extract<InvestigationStatusOutput, { investigationState: "INVESTIGATED" }>["claims"];
-    });
-
-type InvestigationSnapshot = InvestigationStatusOutput | ViewPostOutput;
-
-const API_ERROR_INVESTIGATION_STATE = { investigationState: "API_ERROR" as const };
+type PriorInvestigationResult = Extract<
+  ExtensionPostStatus,
+  { investigationState: "NOT_INVESTIGATED" }
+>["priorInvestigationResult"];
 
-function toPostStatusBase(input: PostStatusIdentity): {
-  kind: "POST";
-  tabSessionId: number;
-  platform: ViewPostInput["platform"];
-  externalId: string;
-  pageUrl: string;
-  investigationId?: string;
-} {
-  const base: {
-    kind: "POST";
-    tabSessionId: number;
-    platform: ViewPostInput["platform"];
-    externalId: string;
-    pageUrl: string;
-    investigationId?: string;
-  } = {
-    kind: "POST",
-    tabSessionId: input.tabSessionId,
-    platform: input.platform,
-    externalId: input.externalId,
-    pageUrl: input.pageUrl,
+function base(page: PostPage) {
+  return {
+    kind: "POST" as const,
+    tabSessionId: page.tabSessionId,
+    platform: page.platform,
+    externalId: page.externalId,
+    pageUrl: page.pageUrl,
   };
-
-  if (input.investigationId !== undefined) {
-    base.investigationId = input.investigationId;
-  }
-
-  return base;
 }
 
-export function createPostStatus(input: PostStatusInput): ExtensionPostStatus {
-  const base = toPostStatusBase(input);
+/** Status from `recordViewAndGetStatus`. */
+export function postStatusFromView(page: PostPage, view: ViewPostOutput): ExtensionPostStatus {
+  return { ...base(page), ...view };
+}
 
-  switch (input.investigationState) {
-    case "NOT_INVESTIGATED":
-      return extensionPostStatusSchema.parse({
-        ...base,
-        investigationState: "NOT_INVESTIGATED",
-        priorInvestigationResult: input.priorInvestigationResult,
-      });
-    case "INVESTIGATING":
-      return extensionPostStatusSchema.parse({
-        ...base,
+/**
+ * Status from `investigateNow`. Its output carries no progress or interim
+ * claims; `prior` keeps the interim claims the page already showed until the
+ * first poll reports the investigation's own.
+ */
+export function postStatusFromInvestigateNow(
+  page: PostPage,
+  result: InvestigateNowOutput,
+  prior: PriorInvestigationResult,
+): ExtensionPostStatus {
+  switch (result.status) {
+    case "COMPLETE":
+      return {
+        ...base(page),
+        investigationState: "INVESTIGATED",
+        investigationId: result.investigationId,
+        provenance: result.provenance,
+        claims: result.claims,
+      };
+    case "PENDING":
+    case "PROCESSING":
+      return {
+        ...base(page),
         investigationState: "INVESTIGATING",
-        status: input.status,
-        provenance: input.provenance,
-        pendingClaims: input.pendingClaims,
-        confirmedClaims: input.confirmedClaims,
-        priorInvestigationResult: input.priorInvestigationResult,
-      });
+        investigationId: result.investigationId,
+        status: result.status,
+        provenance: result.provenance,
+        pendingClaims: [],
+        confirmedClaims: [],
+        priorInvestigationResult: prior,
+      };
     case "FAILED":
-      return extensionPostStatusSchema.parse({
-        ...base,
+      return {
+        ...base(page),
         investigationState: "FAILED",
-        provenance: input.provenance,
-      });
-    case "API_ERROR":
-      return extensionPostStatusSchema.parse({
-        ...base,
-        investigationState: "API_ERROR",
-      });
-    case "INVESTIGATED":
-      return extensionPostStatusSchema.parse({
-        ...base,
-        investigationState: "INVESTIGATED",
-        provenance: input.provenance,
-        claims: input.claims,
-      });
+        investigationId: result.investigationId,
+        provenance: result.provenance,
+      };
   }
 }
 
-export function createPostStatusFromInvestigation(
-  input: PostStatusIdentity & InvestigationSnapshot,
+/** Status from polling `getInvestigation` for `investigationId`. */
+export function postStatusFromPoll(
+  page: PostPage,
+  investigationId: InvestigationId,
+  output: GetInvestigationOutput,
 ): ExtensionPostStatus {
-  const identity: PostStatusIdentity = {
-    tabSessionId: input.tabSessionId,
-    platform: input.platform,
-    externalId: input.externalId,
-    pageUrl: input.pageUrl,
-  };
-  if (input.investigationId !== undefined) {
-    identity.investigationId = input.investigationId;
-  }
-
-  switch (input.investigationState) {
-    case "INVESTIGATED":
-      return createPostStatus({
-        ...identity,
-        investigationState: "INVESTIGATED",
-        provenance: input.provenance,
-        claims: input.claims,
-      });
+  switch (output.investigationState) {
+    case "NOT_INVESTIGATED":
+      // The API no longer knows the investigation.
+      return { ...base(page), ...output };
     case "INVESTIGATING":
-      return createPostStatus({
-        ...identity,
-        investigationState: "INVESTIGATING",
-        status: input.status,
-        provenance: input.provenance,
-        pendingClaims: input.pendingClaims,
-        confirmedClaims: input.confirmedClaims,
-        priorInvestigationResult: input.priorInvestigationResult ?? null,
-      });
     case "FAILED":
-      return createPostStatus({
-        ...identity,
-        investigationState: "FAILED",
-        provenance: input.provenance,
-      });
-    case "NOT_INVESTIGATED":
-      return createPostStatus({
-        ...identity,
-        investigationState: "NOT_INVESTIGATED",
-        priorInvestigationResult: input.priorInvestigationResult ?? null,
-      });
+      return { ...base(page), investigationId, ...output };
+    case "INVESTIGATED": {
+      const { checkedAt: _checkedAt, ...investigated } = output;
+      return { ...base(page), investigationId, ...investigated };
+    }
   }
 }
 
-export function apiErrorToPostStatus(input: {
-  error: unknown;
-  tabSessionId: number;
-  platform: ViewPostInput["platform"];
-  externalId: string;
-  pageUrl: string;
-  investigationId?: string;
-}): ExtensionPostStatus {
-  // API errors (network failures, version mismatches, etc.) produce API_ERROR,
-  // not FAILED. FAILED is reserved for investigations that ran and failed on the
-  // server, which always have provenance.
-  const statusInput: PostStatusInput = {
-    tabSessionId: input.tabSessionId,
-    platform: input.platform,
-    externalId: input.externalId,
-    pageUrl: input.pageUrl,
-    ...API_ERROR_INVESTIGATION_STATE,
-  };
-  if (input.investigationId !== undefined) {
-    statusInput.investigationId = input.investigationId;
-  }
-  return createPostStatus(statusInput);
+/** The extension could not get a status from the API for this page. */
+export function apiErrorPostStatus(page: PostPage): ExtensionPostStatus {
+  return { ...base(page), investigationState: "API_ERROR" };
+}
+
+/** Interim claims a status shows, to carry over into a newer status of the same page. */
+export function priorResultOf(status: ExtensionPostStatus): PriorInvestigationResult {
+  return status.investigationState === "INVESTIGATING" ||
+    status.investigationState === "NOT_INVESTIGATED"
+    ? status.priorInvestigationResult
+    : null;
 }
diff --git a/src/typescript/extension/src/background/tab-state.ts b/src/typescript/extension/src/background/tab-state.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ecfed54
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/typescript/extension/src/background/tab-state.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,169 @@
+import {
+  extensionPageStatusSchema,
+  type ExtensionPageStatus,
+  type TabSessionId,
+} from "@openerrata/shared";
+import { tabStatusStorageKey } from "../lib/storage-keys.js";
+
+interface SessionStorageArea {
+  get(key: string): Promise<Record<string, unknown>>;
+  set(items: Record<string, unknown>): Promise<void>;
+  remove(key: string): Promise<void>;
+}
+
+interface TabStateDeps {
+  /** `storage.session`: survives service-worker restarts, not browser restarts. */
+  storage: SessionStorageArea;
+  /** Push a newly cached status to the tab's content script. */
+  notifyTab: (tabId: number, status: ExtensionPageStatus) => Promise<void>;
+  updateBadge: (tabId: number, status: ExtensionPageStatus | null) => void;
+  listTabIds: () => Promise<number[]>;
+}
+
+/**
+ * A tab's page sessions as the background has seen them. Session ids are
+ * random, so recency is arrival order: the first message from a new session
+ * makes it current and retires the previous one, and a retired session can
+ * never become current again — late replies for it are dropped.
+ */
+interface TabSessions {
+  current: TabSessionId | null;
+  retired: Set<TabSessionId>;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Per-tab state of the background: which page session is current, and the
+ * status cached for it (spec §3.8.1). Statuses live in memory with
+ * write-through to `storage.session`; each write is pushed to the tab's
+ * content script and reflected in the toolbar badge.
+ */
+export class TabStates {
+  readonly #deps: TabStateDeps;
+  readonly #sessions = new Map<number, TabSessions>();
+  readonly #statuses = new Map<number, ExtensionPageStatus | null>();
+  readonly #loads = new Map<number, Promise<void>>();
+  readonly #writes = new Map<number, Promise<void>>();
+
+  constructor(deps: TabStateDeps) {
+    this.#deps = deps;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Note a message from page session `sessionId`. Returns false when that
+   * session was already superseded, i.e. the message is stale.
+   */
+  claimSession(tabId: number, sessionId: TabSessionId): boolean {
+    const sessions = this.#sessions.get(tabId) ?? { current: null, retired: new Set() };
+    this.#sessions.set(tabId, sessions);
+    if (sessions.retired.has(sessionId)) return false;
+    if (sessions.current !== null && sessions.current !== sessionId) {
+      sessions.retired.add(sessions.current);
+    }
+    sessions.current = sessionId;
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  /** The page session ended; its cached status (if still the tab's) is discarded. */
+  async retireSession(tabId: number, sessionId: TabSessionId): Promise<void> {
+    const sessions = this.#sessions.get(tabId) ?? { current: null, retired: new Set() };
+    this.#sessions.set(tabId, sessions);
+    sessions.retired.add(sessionId);
+    if (sessions.current === sessionId) {
+      sessions.current = null;
+    }
+
+    await this.#load(tabId);
+    if (this.#statuses.get(tabId)?.tabSessionId === sessionId) {
+      await this.#write(tabId, null);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /** The tab loaded a new document or closed: forget everything about it. */
+  async forgetTab(tabId: number): Promise<void> {
+    this.#sessions.delete(tabId);
+    await this.#write(tabId, null);
+  }
+
+  async getStatus(tabId: number): Promise<ExtensionPageStatus | null> {
+    await this.#load(tabId);
+    return this.#statuses.get(tabId) ?? null;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Cache `status` for its page session. Returns false (and writes nothing)
+   * when that session is no longer the tab's current one.
+   */
+  async putStatus(tabId: number, status: ExtensionPageStatus): Promise<boolean> {
+    await this.#load(tabId);
+    if (!this.#isCurrentSession(tabId, status.tabSessionId)) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    await this.#write(tabId, status);
+    void this.#deps.notifyTab(tabId, status).catch((error: unknown) => {
+      console.error(`Failed to push status to content script of tab ${tabId.toString()}:`, error);
+    });
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  async syncBadges(): Promise<void> {
+    const tabIds = await this.#deps.listTabIds();
+    await Promise.all(
+      tabIds.map(async (tabId) => {
+        this.#deps.updateBadge(tabId, await this.getStatus(tabId));
+      }),
+    );
+  }
+
+  #isCurrentSession(tabId: number, sessionId: TabSessionId): boolean {
+    const sessions = this.#sessions.get(tabId);
+    if (sessions !== undefined) {
+      return sessions.current === sessionId;
+    }
+    // No message seen since this worker started: the cached status's session
+    // is the latest one the background knows of.
+    return this.#statuses.get(tabId)?.tabSessionId === sessionId;
+  }
+
+  async #load(tabId: number): Promise<void> {
+    if (this.#statuses.has(tabId)) return;
+    let load = this.#loads.get(tabId);
+    if (load === undefined) {
+      load = (async () => {
+        const key = tabStatusStorageKey(tabId);
+        const record = await this.#deps.storage.get(key);
+        const stored = record[key];
+        if (!this.#statuses.has(tabId)) {
+          this.#statuses.set(
+            tabId,
+            stored === undefined ? null : extensionPageStatusSchema.parse(stored),
+          );
+        }
+      })().finally(() => {
+        this.#loads.delete(tabId);
+      });
+      this.#loads.set(tabId, load);
+    }
+    await load;
+  }
+
+  async #write(tabId: number, status: ExtensionPageStatus | null): Promise<void> {
+    this.#statuses.set(tabId, status);
+    this.#deps.updateBadge(tabId, status);
+    // Persist in call order; each write stores the latest in-memory value, so
+    // completion order cannot leave an older status in storage.
+    const previous = this.#writes.get(tabId) ?? Promise.resolve();
+    const write = previous
+      .catch(() => undefined)
+      .then(async () => {
+        const key = tabStatusStorageKey(tabId);
+        const latest = this.#statuses.get(tabId) ?? null;
+        if (latest === null) {
+          await this.#deps.storage.remove(key);
+        } else {
+          await this.#deps.storage.set({ [key]: latest });
+        }
+      });
+    this.#writes.set(tabId, write);
+    await write;
+  }
+}
diff --git a/src/typescript/extension/src/background/toolbar-badge.ts b/src/typescript/extension/src/background/toolbar-badge.ts
index 548ae31..b783d23 100644
--- a/src/typescript/extension/src/background/toolbar-badge.ts
+++ b/src/typescript/extension/src/background/toolbar-badge.ts
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-import type { ExtensionPostStatus } from "@openerrata/shared";
+import type { ExtensionPageStatus, ExtensionPostStatus } from "@openerrata/shared";
 import browser from "webextension-polyfill";
-import { getUpgradeRequiredState, type UpgradeRequiredState } from "./upgrade-required-state.js";
+import { getUpgradeRequiredState, type UpgradeRequiredState } from "./upgrade-required.js";
 
 interface ToolbarBadgeState {
   text: string;
@@ -81,10 +81,11 @@ function stopIconAnimation(tabId: number): void {
  * - INVESTIGATED + claims:  "N" red     — N claims found
  * - INVESTIGATED + 0 claims: "✓" green  — clean, no claims
  * - FAILED / API_ERROR:     "!" red     — investigation failed or API error
- * - NOT_INVESTIGATED / null: ""         — no badge
+ * - NOT_INVESTIGATED / SKIPPED / none: "" — no badge
  * - UPGRADE_REQUIRED (global): "!" red  — extension version is below server minimum
  */
-export function updateToolbarBadge(tabId: number, status: ExtensionPostStatus | null): void {
+export function updateToolbarBadge(tabId: number, pageStatus: ExtensionPageStatus | null): void {
+  const status = pageStatus?.kind === "POST" ? pageStatus : null;
   const previousUpdate = badgeUpdateQueues.get(tabId) ?? Promise.resolve();
   const nextUpdate = previousUpdate
     .catch(() => {
@@ -93,8 +94,9 @@ export function updateToolbarBadge(tabId: number, status: ExtensionPostStatus |
     .then(async () => {
       // Icon animation is best-effort — it must never prevent the badge from
       // being set, so errors are caught independently.
-      const upgradeState = getUpgradeRequiredState();
-      if (!upgradeState.active && status?.investigationState === "INVESTIGATING") {
+      const upgradeState = await getUpgradeRequiredState();
+      const upgradeRequired = upgradeState.kind === "REQUIRED";
+      if (!upgradeRequired && status?.investigationState === "INVESTIGATING") {
         const investigatingIconApplied = await browser.action
           .setIcon({ tabId, path: animationFramePaths(0) })
           .then(() => true)
@@ -121,7 +123,7 @@ export function updateToolbarBadge(tabId: number, status: ExtensionPostStatus |
       await browser.action
         .setTitle({
           tabId,
-          title: upgradeState.active ? upgradeState.message : DEFAULT_ACTION_TITLE,
+          title: upgradeState.kind === "REQUIRED" ? upgradeState.message : DEFAULT_ACTION_TITLE,
         })
         .catch(() => {
           /* noop */
@@ -157,7 +159,7 @@ function toToolbarBadgeState(
   status: ExtensionPostStatus | null,
   upgradeState: UpgradeRequiredState,
 ): ToolbarBadgeState {
-  if (upgradeState.active) {
+  if (upgradeState.kind === "REQUIRED") {
     return {
       text: "!",
       color: UPGRADE_REQUIRED_BADGE_COLOR,
diff --git a/src/typescript/extension/src/background/upgrade-required-runtime.ts b/src/typescript/extension/src/background/upgrade-required-runtime.ts
deleted file mode 100644
index e6d4a5e..0000000
--- a/src/typescript/extension/src/background/upgrade-required-runtime.ts
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,140 +0,0 @@
-import { isNonNullObject, trimToOptionalNonEmpty } from "@openerrata/shared";
-import browser from "webextension-polyfill";
-import { ApiClientError, getCurrentApiBaseUrl } from "./api-client.js";
-import { syncToolbarBadgesForOpenTabs } from "./cache.js";
-import { EXTENSION_VERSION } from "../lib/extension-version.js";
-import { UPGRADE_REQUIRED_STORAGE_KEY } from "../lib/runtime-error.js";
-import {
-  getUpgradeRequiredState,
-  setUpgradeRequiredState,
-  shouldIgnoreMetadataLessUpgradeRequiredRefresh,
-} from "./upgrade-required-state.js";
-
-interface StoredUpgradeRequiredState {
-  message: string;
-  detectedForVersion: string;
-  apiBaseUrl: string;
-}
-
-export function isUpgradeRequiredError(error: unknown): error is ApiClientError {
-  return error instanceof ApiClientError && error.errorCode === "UPGRADE_REQUIRED";
-}
-
-export function isTerminalCompatibilityError(error: unknown): error is ApiClientError {
-  return (
-    error instanceof ApiClientError &&
-    (error.errorCode === "UPGRADE_REQUIRED" || error.errorCode === "MALFORMED_EXTENSION_VERSION")
-  );
-}
-
-function parseStoredUpgradeRequiredState(value: unknown): StoredUpgradeRequiredState | null {
-  if (!isNonNullObject(value)) {
-    return null;
-  }
-
-  const message =
-    typeof value["message"] === "string" ? trimToOptionalNonEmpty(value["message"]) : undefined;
-  const detectedForVersion =
-    typeof value["detectedForVersion"] === "string"
-      ? trimToOptionalNonEmpty(value["detectedForVersion"])
-      : undefined;
-  const apiBaseUrl =
-    typeof value["apiBaseUrl"] === "string"
-      ? trimToOptionalNonEmpty(value["apiBaseUrl"])
-      : undefined;
-  if (message === undefined || detectedForVersion === undefined || apiBaseUrl === undefined) {
-    return null;
-  }
-
-  return {
-    message,
-    detectedForVersion,
-    apiBaseUrl,
-  };
-}
-
-function upgradeRequiredMessageFromApiError(error: ApiClientError): string {
-  const minimumVersion = error.minimumSupportedExtensionVersion;
-  if (minimumVersion !== undefined) {
-    return `Update required: this API server now requires OpenErrata extension version ${minimumVersion} or newer.`;
-  }
-  return "Update required: this OpenErrata extension version is no longer supported by the API server.";
-}
-
-export async function clearUpgradeRequiredState(): Promise<void> {
-  if (!getUpgradeRequiredState().active) {
-    return;
-  }
-
-  setUpgradeRequiredState({ active: false });
-  await browser.storage.local.remove(UPGRADE_REQUIRED_STORAGE_KEY);
-  await syncToolbarBadgesForOpenTabs();
-}
-
-export async function clearUpgradeRequiredStateBestEffort(operation: string): Promise<void> {
-  try {
-    await clearUpgradeRequiredState();
-  } catch (error) {
-    console.warn(`Failed to clear upgrade-required state during ${operation}:`, error);
-  }
-}
-
-export async function markUpgradeRequiredFromError(error: unknown): Promise<void> {
-  if (!isUpgradeRequiredError(error)) {
-    return;
-  }
-
-  const upgradeRequiredState = getUpgradeRequiredState();
-  const apiBaseUrl = getCurrentApiBaseUrl();
-  if (
-    shouldIgnoreMetadataLessUpgradeRequiredRefresh({
-      state: upgradeRequiredState,
-      apiBaseUrl,
-      minimumSupportedExtensionVersion: error.minimumSupportedExtensionVersion,
-    })
-  ) {
-    return;
-  }
-
-  const message = upgradeRequiredMessageFromApiError(error);
-  if (
-    upgradeRequiredState.active &&
-    upgradeRequiredState.message === message &&
-    upgradeRequiredState.apiBaseUrl === apiBaseUrl
-  ) {
-    return;
-  }
-
-  setUpgradeRequiredState({ active: true, message, apiBaseUrl });
-  await browser.storage.local.set({
-    [UPGRADE_REQUIRED_STORAGE_KEY]: {
-      message,
-      detectedForVersion: EXTENSION_VERSION,
-      apiBaseUrl,
-    } satisfies StoredUpgradeRequiredState,
-  });
-  await syncToolbarBadgesForOpenTabs();
-}
-
-export async function restoreUpgradeRequiredState(): Promise<void> {
-  const storedRecord = await browser.storage.local.get(UPGRADE_REQUIRED_STORAGE_KEY);
-  const storedState = parseStoredUpgradeRequiredState(storedRecord[UPGRADE_REQUIRED_STORAGE_KEY]);
-  const configuredApiBaseUrl = getCurrentApiBaseUrl();
-  const storedApiBaseUrl = storedState?.apiBaseUrl;
-  if (
-    storedState?.detectedForVersion !== EXTENSION_VERSION ||
-    storedApiBaseUrl !== configuredApiBaseUrl
-  ) {
-    setUpgradeRequiredState({ active: false });
-    await browser.storage.local.remove(UPGRADE_REQUIRED_STORAGE_KEY);
-    await syncToolbarBadgesForOpenTabs();
-    return;
-  }
-
-  setUpgradeRequiredState({
-    active: true,
-    message: storedState.message,
-    apiBaseUrl: storedState.apiBaseUrl,
-  });
-  await syncToolbarBadgesForOpenTabs();
-}
diff --git a/src/typescript/extension/src/background/upgrade-required-state.ts b/src/typescript/extension/src/background/upgrade-required-state.ts
deleted file mode 100644
index 54661c3..0000000
--- a/src/typescript/extension/src/background/upgrade-required-state.ts
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,34 +0,0 @@
-/**
- * Single source of truth for the in-memory upgrade-required state.
- *
- * The persistent copy lives in browser.storage.local under the
- * UPGRADE_REQUIRED_STORAGE_KEY. This module owns the in-memory state;
- * callers in index.ts synchronize it with storage and the toolbar
- * badge reads it on demand via getUpgradeRequiredState().
- */
-
-export type UpgradeRequiredState =
-  | { active: false }
-  | { active: true; message: string; apiBaseUrl: string };
-
-let state: UpgradeRequiredState = { active: false };
-
-export function getUpgradeRequiredState(): UpgradeRequiredState {
-  return state;
-}
-
-export function setUpgradeRequiredState(next: UpgradeRequiredState): void {
-  state = next;
-}
-
-export function shouldIgnoreMetadataLessUpgradeRequiredRefresh(input: {
-  state: UpgradeRequiredState;
-  apiBaseUrl: string;
-  minimumSupportedExtensionVersion: string | undefined;
-}): boolean {
-  return (
-    input.state.active &&
-    input.state.apiBaseUrl === input.apiBaseUrl &&
-    input.minimumSupportedExtensionVersion === undefined
-  );
-}
diff --git a/src/typescript/extension/src/background/upgrade-required.ts b/src/typescript/extension/src/background/upgrade-required.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2baf18e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/typescript/extension/src/background/upgrade-required.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,115 @@
+import { isNonNullObject, trimToOptionalNonEmpty } from "@openerrata/shared";
+import browser from "webextension-polyfill";
+import { EXTENSION_VERSION } from "../lib/extension-version.js";
+import { loadExtensionSettings } from "../lib/settings.js";
+import { UPGRADE_REQUIRED_STORAGE_KEY } from "../lib/storage-keys.js";
+
+/**
+ * Whether the configured API rejects this extension version as too old
+ * (spec §3.3). Persisted in `storage.local` so the notice survives restarts;
+ * it is dropped when the extension updates or the API Server URL changes, so
+ * a REQUIRED state always refers to the currently configured API.
+ */
+export type UpgradeRequiredState =
+  | { kind: "NOT_REQUIRED" }
+  | { kind: "REQUIRED"; message: string; apiBaseUrl: string };
+
+interface StoredUpgradeRequiredState {
+  message: string;
+  detectedForVersion: string;
+  apiBaseUrl: string;
+}
+
+const NOT_REQUIRED: UpgradeRequiredState = { kind: "NOT_REQUIRED" };
+
+let statePromise: Promise<UpgradeRequiredState> | null = null;
+let onChange: () => void = () => undefined;
+
+/** Register what to refresh when the state changes (the toolbar badges). */
+export function setUpgradeRequiredChangeListener(listener: () => void): void {
+  onChange = listener;
+}
+
+function parseStoredState(value: unknown): StoredUpgradeRequiredState | null {
+  if (!isNonNullObject(value)) return null;
+  const read = (key: string): string | undefined => {
+    const field = value[key];
+    return typeof field === "string" ? trimToOptionalNonEmpty(field) : undefined;
+  };
+  const message = read("message");
+  const detectedForVersion = read("detectedForVersion");
+  const apiBaseUrl = read("apiBaseUrl");
+  if (message === undefined || detectedForVersion === undefined || apiBaseUrl === undefined) {
+    return null;
+  }
+  return { message, detectedForVersion, apiBaseUrl };
+}
+
+async function restoreState(): Promise<UpgradeRequiredState> {
+  const record = await browser.storage.local.get(UPGRADE_REQUIRED_STORAGE_KEY);
+  const stored = parseStoredState(record[UPGRADE_REQUIRED_STORAGE_KEY]);
+  const settings = await loadExtensionSettings();
+  const stillApplies =
+    stored !== null &&
+    stored.detectedForVersion === EXTENSION_VERSION &&
+    settings.kind === "VALID" &&
+    settings.settings.apiBaseUrl === stored.apiBaseUrl;
+  if (stored === null || !stillApplies) {
+    if (record[UPGRADE_REQUIRED_STORAGE_KEY] !== undefined) {
+      await browser.storage.local.remove(UPGRADE_REQUIRED_STORAGE_KEY);
+    }
+    return NOT_REQUIRED;
+  }
+  return { kind: "REQUIRED", message: stored.message, apiBaseUrl: stored.apiBaseUrl };
+}
+
+export function getUpgradeRequiredState(): Promise<UpgradeRequiredState> {
+  statePromise ??= restoreState().catch((error: unknown) => {
+    statePromise = null;
+    throw error;
+  });
+  return statePromise;
+}
+
+function upgradeRequiredMessage(minimumSupportedExtensionVersion: string | undefined): string {
+  return minimumSupportedExtensionVersion === undefined
+    ? "Update required: this OpenErrata extension version is no longer supported by the API server."
+    : `Update required: this API server now requires OpenErrata extension version ${minimumSupportedExtensionVersion} or newer.`;
+}
+
+/** Record that the API at `apiBaseUrl` rejected this extension version. */
+export async function markUpgradeRequired(input: {
+  apiBaseUrl: string;
+  minimumSupportedExtensionVersion: string | undefined;
+}): Promise<void> {
+  const current = await getUpgradeRequiredState();
+  if (current.kind === "REQUIRED" && current.apiBaseUrl === input.apiBaseUrl) {
+    // Keep a notice that names the minimum version over one that does not.
+    if (input.minimumSupportedExtensionVersion === undefined) return;
+    if (current.message === upgradeRequiredMessage(input.minimumSupportedExtensionVersion)) return;
+  }
+
+  const next: UpgradeRequiredState = {
+    kind: "REQUIRED",
+    message: upgradeRequiredMessage(input.minimumSupportedExtensionVersion),
+    apiBaseUrl: input.apiBaseUrl,
+  };
+  statePromise = Promise.resolve(next);
+  await browser.storage.local.set({
+    [UPGRADE_REQUIRED_STORAGE_KEY]: {
+      message: next.message,
+      detectedForVersion: EXTENSION_VERSION,
+      apiBaseUrl: next.apiBaseUrl,
+    } satisfies StoredUpgradeRequiredState,
+  });
+  onChange();
+}
+
+/** The API accepted this version again, or the configured API changed. */
+export async function clearUpgradeRequired(): Promise<void> {
+  const current = await getUpgradeRequiredState();
+  if (current.kind === "NOT_REQUIRED") return;
+  statePromise = Promise.resolve(NOT_REQUIRED);
+  await browser.storage.local.remove(UPGRADE_REQUIRED_STORAGE_KEY);
+  onChange();
+}
diff --git a/src/typescript/extension/src/content/adapters/index.ts b/src/typescript/extension/src/content/adapters/index.ts
index 5d0bb99..658033f 100644
--- a/src/typescript/extension/src/content/adapters/index.ts
+++ b/src/typescript/extension/src/content/adapters/index.ts
@@ -1,26 +1,39 @@
+import type { PageLocator } from "../../lib/page-locator";
 import { lesswrongAdapter } from "./lesswrong";
 import type { PlatformAdapter } from "./model";
 import { substackAdapter } from "./substack";
 import { wikipediaAdapter } from "./wikipedia";
 import { xAdapter } from "./x";
 
-const adapters: PlatformAdapter[] = [lesswrongAdapter, xAdapter, substackAdapter, wikipediaAdapter];
+const adapters: readonly PlatformAdapter[] = [
+  lesswrongAdapter,
+  xAdapter,
+  substackAdapter,
+  wikipediaAdapter,
+];
+
+/** The adapter for the current page, with what the URL says about the post it shows. */
+interface SelectedAdapter {
+  adapter: PlatformAdapter;
+  locator: PageLocator;
+}
 
 /**
- * Return the first adapter whose `matches()` predicate is true for the
- * given URL, or `null` if no adapter handles this page.
+ * Adapter selection (spec §3.8): URL-first (`matches`), then the DOM
+ * fingerprint fallback for platform pages on custom domains.
  */
-export function getAdapter(url: string, documentForDetection?: Document): PlatformAdapter | null {
-  const fromUrl = adapters.find((adapter) => adapter.matches(url));
-  if (fromUrl) {
-    return fromUrl;
-  }
-
-  if (!documentForDetection) {
+export function selectAdapter(url: string, document: Document): SelectedAdapter | null {
+  const adapter =
+    adapters.find((candidate) => candidate.matches(url)) ??
+    adapters.find((candidate) => candidate.detectFromDom?.(document) === true);
+  if (adapter === undefined) {
     return null;
   }
-
-  return adapters.find((adapter) => adapter.detectFromDom?.(documentForDetection) === true) ?? null;
+  const locator = adapter.pageLocator(url);
+  if (locator === null) {
+    throw new Error(`${adapter.platformKey} adapter selected a page it cannot locate: ${url}`);
+  }
+  return { adapter, locator };
 }
 
 export type { PlatformAdapter };
diff --git a/src/typescript/extension/src/content/adapters/lesswrong.ts b/src/typescript/extension/src/content/adapters/lesswrong.ts
index 65f5c21..0236c06 100644
--- a/src/typescript/extension/src/content/adapters/lesswrong.ts
+++ b/src/typescript/extension/src/content/adapters/lesswrong.ts
@@ -1,25 +1,29 @@
-import { normalizeContent } from "@openerrata/shared";
+import { isNonNullObject, lesswrongExternalIdSchema, normalizeContent } from "@openerrata/shared";
+import { pageLocatorFor, type PageLocator } from "../../lib/page-locator";
 import { isLikelyVisible, type AdapterExtractionResult, type PlatformAdapter } from "./model";
 import {
-  cloneElement,
-  extractContentWithImageOccurrencesFromRoot,
+  extractContent,
   hasVideoContent,
   readFirstMetaDateAsIso,
   readFirstTimeDateAsIso,
+  readJsonLdBlocks,
   readPublishedDateFromJsonLd,
+  serializeContentHtml,
 } from "./utils";
 
-const POST_URL_REGEX =
-  /(?:www\.)?lesswrong\.com\/posts\/([A-Za-z0-9]+)(?:\/([^/?#]*))?(?:[/?#]|$)/i;
-
 const CONTENT_SELECTOR = ".PostsPage-postContent";
+// LessWrong linkposts prepend a client-rendered callout block that is not
+// present in GraphQL `contents.html` (the API's canonical source).
+const LINK_POST_CALLOUT_CLASS = "LinkPostMessage-root";
 const POST_AUTHOR_LINK_SELECTORS = [
   '.PostsAuthors-authorName a[href*="/users/"]',
   '.LWPostsPageHeader-authorInfo a[href*="/users/"]',
   '.PostsAuthors-root a[href*="/users/"]',
 ] as const;
-const TAG_SELECTOR = 'a[href*="/tag/"]';
-const JSON_LD_SELECTOR = 'script[type="application/ld+json"]';
+// Tag chips link to the tag's wiki page (`/w/<slug>` since LessWrong's 2025
+// wiki merge; `/tag/<slug>` before). Scoped to the chip so in-body wiki links
+// are not mistaken for tags.
+const TAG_SELECTOR = '.FooterTag-root a[href^="/w/"], .FooterTag-root a[href*="/tag/"]';
 const META_DATE_SELECTORS = [
   'meta[property="article:published_time"]',
   'meta[name="article:published_time"]',
@@ -64,70 +68,34 @@ function findPostAuthorLink(scope: ParentNode): HTMLAnchorElement | null {
   return null;
 }
 
-function toCanonicalVersioningHtml(canonicalRoot: Element): string {
-  const clone = cloneElement(canonicalRoot);
-  removeLinkPostCallouts(clone);
-
-  return clone.innerHTML;
-}
-
-function removeLinkPostCallouts(root: Element): void {
-  // LessWrong linkposts prepend a client-rendered callout block that is not
-  // present in GraphQL `contents.html`, so include only canonical post HTML.
-  root.querySelectorAll(".LinkPostMessage-root").forEach((node) => {
-    node.remove();
-  });
-}
-
-function extractPostIdFromUrl(url: string): string | null {
-  const match = POST_URL_REGEX.exec(url);
-  return match?.[1] ?? null;
-}
+type LesswrongLocator = Extract<PageLocator, { platform: "LESSWRONG" }>;
 
-function isUnknownArray(value: unknown): value is unknown[] {
-  return Array.isArray(value);
+function lesswrongLocator(url: string): LesswrongLocator | null {
+  const locator = pageLocatorFor("LESSWRONG", url);
+  return locator?.platform === "LESSWRONG" ? locator : null;
 }
 
-function isUnknownRecord(value: unknown): value is Record<string, unknown> {
-  return value !== null && typeof value === "object" && !Array.isArray(value);
+function isLinkPostCallout(element: Element): boolean {
+  return element.classList.contains(LINK_POST_CALLOUT_CLASS);
 }
 
-function scriptPrimaryPostId(script: HTMLScriptElement): string | null {
-  const text = script.textContent;
-  if (text.length === 0) return null;
-
-  try {
-    const parsed = JSON.parse(text) as unknown;
-    const candidates = isUnknownArray(parsed) ? parsed : [parsed];
-    for (const candidate of candidates) {
-      if (!isUnknownRecord(candidate)) continue;
-      const maybeUrl = candidate["url"];
-      if (typeof maybeUrl !== "string") continue;
-      const postId = extractPostIdFromUrl(maybeUrl);
-      if (postId !== null && postId.length > 0) {
-        return postId;
-      }
-    }
-  } catch {
-    return null;
-  }
-
-  return null;
+/** Post IDs a JSON-LD block names as its primary entity (`url` fields of post pages). */
+function jsonLdPrimaryPostIds(block: unknown): string[] {
+  const candidates: unknown[] = Array.isArray(block) ? block : [block];
+  return candidates.flatMap((candidate) => {
+    if (!isNonNullObject(candidate)) return [];
+    const url = candidate["url"];
+    if (typeof url !== "string") return [];
+    const locator = lesswrongLocator(url);
+    return locator === null ? [] : [locator.postId];
+  });
 }
 
 function bodyPrimaryPostIds(contentRoot: Element): string[] {
   const postBody = contentRoot.closest("#postBody");
   if (!postBody) return [];
 
-  const ids = new Set<string>();
-  for (const script of postBody.querySelectorAll<HTMLScriptElement>(JSON_LD_SELECTOR)) {
-    const postId = scriptPrimaryPostId(script);
-    if (postId !== null && postId.length > 0) {
-      ids.add(postId);
-    }
-  }
-
-  return Array.from(ids);
+  return Array.from(new Set(readJsonLdBlocks(postBody).flatMap(jsonLdPrimaryPostIds)));
 }
 
 function bodyMatchesPostId(contentRoot: Element, externalId: string): boolean {
@@ -166,34 +134,21 @@ function pickContentRoot(document: Document, externalId: string): RootSelectionR
     };
   }
 
-  const isJsdom =
-    document.defaultView?.navigator.userAgent.toLowerCase().includes("jsdom") === true;
-
   const withCanonicalRoot = roots.filter((root) => findCanonicalRootWithin(root) !== null);
   const canonicalCandidates = withCanonicalRoot.length > 0 ? withCanonicalRoot : roots;
 
   const identityMatches = canonicalCandidates.filter((root) => bodyMatchesPostId(root, externalId));
   const visibleIdentityMatches = identityMatches.filter((root) => isLikelyVisible(root));
 
-  if (visibleIdentityMatches.length === 1) {
-    const selectedRoot = visibleIdentityMatches[0];
-    if (!selectedRoot) {
-      throw new Error("Expected one visible identity-matching LessWrong root");
-    }
+  const [onlyVisibleMatch] = visibleIdentityMatches;
+  if (visibleIdentityMatches.length === 1 && onlyVisibleMatch !== undefined) {
     return {
       kind: "ready",
-      root: selectedRoot,
+      root: onlyVisibleMatch,
     };
   }
 
-  if (visibleIdentityMatches.length > 1) {
-    return {
-      kind: "not_ready",
-      reason: "ambiguous_dom",
-    };
-  }
-
-  if (identityMatches.length > 1) {
+  if (visibleIdentityMatches.length > 1 || identityMatches.length > 1) {
     return {
       kind: "not_ready",
       reason: "ambiguous_dom",
@@ -201,10 +156,7 @@ function pickContentRoot(document: Document, externalId: string): RootSelectionR
   }
 
   if (identityMatches.length === 1) {
-    const selectedRoot = identityMatches[0];
-    if (!selectedRoot) {
-      throw new Error("Expected one identity-matching LessWrong root");
-    }
+    // The post's body is in the DOM but not rendered yet.
     return {
       kind: "not_ready",
       reason: "hydrating",
@@ -218,41 +170,8 @@ function pickContentRoot(document: Document, externalId: string): RootSelectionR
     };
   }
 
-  if (!isJsdom) {
-    // Wait for LessWrong's JSON-LD post identity before extracting so we
-    // never hash transitional DOM from a different post during SPA switches.
-    return {
-      kind: "not_ready",
-      reason: "hydrating",
-    };
-  }
-
-  const visibleCandidates = canonicalCandidates.filter((root) => isLikelyVisible(root));
-  if (visibleCandidates.length === 1) {
-    const selectedRoot = visibleCandidates[0];
-    if (!selectedRoot) {
-      throw new Error("Expected one visible LessWrong candidate root");
-    }
-    return {
-      kind: "ready",
-      root: selectedRoot,
-    };
-  }
-
-  if (visibleCandidates.length > 1 || canonicalCandidates.length > 1) {
-    return {
-      kind: "not_ready",
-      reason: "ambiguous_dom",
-    };
-  }
-
-  const selectedRoot = canonicalCandidates[0];
-  if (!selectedRoot) {
-    return {
-      kind: "not_ready",
-      reason: "hydrating",
-    };
-  }
+  // Wait for LessWrong's JSON-LD post identity before extracting so we never
+  // hash transitional DOM from a different post during SPA switches.
   return {
     kind: "not_ready",
     reason: "hydrating",
@@ -281,48 +200,55 @@ function nonReadyFromRootSelection(input: {
   };
 }
 
+function contentExclusionFilter(): (element: Element) => boolean {
+  return isLinkPostCallout;
+}
+
+/** The canonical post body (`#postContent`) of the post the URL names, once it is unambiguous. */
+function canonicalContentRoot(document: Document, externalId: string): RootSelectionResult {
+  const rootSelection = pickContentRoot(document, externalId);
+  if (rootSelection.kind !== "ready") {
+    return rootSelection;
+  }
+  const canonicalRoot = findCanonicalRootWithin(rootSelection.root);
+  return canonicalRoot === null
+    ? { kind: "not_ready", reason: "hydrating" }
+    : { kind: "ready", root: canonicalRoot };
+}
+
 export const lesswrongAdapter: PlatformAdapter = {
   platformKey: "LESSWRONG",
-  contentRootSelector: CONTENT_SELECTOR,
 
   matches(url: string): boolean {
-    return POST_URL_REGEX.test(url);
+    return lesswrongLocator(url) !== null;
+  },
+
+  pageLocator(url: string): PageLocator | null {
+    return lesswrongLocator(url);
   },
 
   extract(document: Document): AdapterExtractionResult {
     const url = window.location.href;
-    const match = POST_URL_REGEX.exec(url);
-    const externalId = match?.[1];
-    if (externalId === undefined || externalId.length === 0) {
+    const locator = lesswrongLocator(url);
+    if (locator === null) {
       return {
         kind: "not_ready",
         reason: "missing_identity",
       };
     }
+    const externalId = locator.postId;
 
-    const rootSelection = pickContentRoot(document, externalId);
+    const rootSelection = canonicalContentRoot(document, externalId);
     if (rootSelection.kind !== "ready") {
-      return nonReadyFromRootSelection({
-        rootSelection,
-      });
+      return nonReadyFromRootSelection({ rootSelection });
     }
-
-    const canonicalRoot = findCanonicalRootWithin(rootSelection.root);
-    if (!canonicalRoot) {
-      return {
-        kind: "not_ready",
-        reason: "hydrating",
-      };
-    }
-    const canonicalVersioningHtml = toCanonicalVersioningHtml(canonicalRoot);
-    const canonicalExtractionRoot = cloneElement(canonicalRoot);
-    removeLinkPostCallouts(canonicalExtractionRoot);
-    const extractedContent = extractContentWithImageOccurrencesFromRoot(
-      canonicalExtractionRoot,
-      url,
-    );
-    const contentText = extractedContent.contentText;
-    const postScope = rootSelection.root.closest("#postBody") ?? document;
+    const canonicalRoot = rootSelection.root;
+    const extractedContent = extractContent(canonicalRoot, {
+      exclude: contentExclusionFilter(),
+      imageSelector: "img[src]",
+      baseUrl: url,
+    });
+    const postScope = canonicalRoot.closest("#postBody") ?? document;
     const title = pickTitle(postScope, document.title);
 
     const authorLink = findPostAuthorLink(postScope);
@@ -330,24 +256,21 @@ export const lesswrongAdapter: PlatformAdapter = {
     const authorName = normalizedAuthorName.length > 0 ? normalizedAuthorName : null;
     const authorSlug = parseAuthorSlug(authorLink?.getAttribute("href") ?? null);
 
-    const tags = Array.from(postScope.querySelectorAll(TAG_SELECTOR))
-      .map((el) => normalizeContent(el.textContent))
-      .filter(Boolean);
-    const slugToken = match?.[2];
-    const normalizedSlug = slugToken === undefined ? "" : normalizeContent(slugToken);
+    // The header and the footer both render the tag list.
+    const tags = Array.from(
+      new Set(
+        Array.from(postScope.querySelectorAll(TAG_SELECTOR))
+          .map((el) => normalizeContent(el.textContent))
+          .filter(Boolean),
+      ),
+    );
+    const normalizedSlug = locator.slug === null ? "" : normalizeContent(locator.slug);
     const slug = normalizedSlug.length > 0 ? normalizedSlug : externalId;
     const publishedAt = extractPublishedAt(document, postScope);
 
-    const imageUrls = extractedContent.imageUrls;
-    const hasVideoMedia = hasVideoContent(canonicalRoot);
-    const mediaState = hasVideoMedia
-      ? "has_video"
-      : imageUrls.length > 0
-        ? "has_images"
-        : "text_only";
     const metadata = {
       slug,
-      htmlContent: canonicalVersioningHtml,
+      htmlContent: serializeContentHtml(canonicalRoot, contentExclusionFilter),
       authorSlug,
       tags,
       ...(title === null ? {} : { title }),
@@ -359,11 +282,10 @@ export const lesswrongAdapter: PlatformAdapter = {
       kind: "ready",
       content: {
         platform: "LESSWRONG",
-        externalId,
+        externalId: lesswrongExternalIdSchema.parse(externalId),
         url,
-        contentText,
-        mediaState,
-        imageUrls,
+        contentText: extractedContent.contentText,
+        hasVideo: hasVideoContent(canonicalRoot),
         imageOccurrences: extractedContent.imageOccurrences,
         metadata,
       },
@@ -371,17 +293,13 @@ export const lesswrongAdapter: PlatformAdapter = {
   },
 
   getContentRoot(document: Document): Element | null {
-    const url = window.location.href;
-    const externalId = extractPostIdFromUrl(url);
-    if (externalId === null || externalId.length === 0) {
-      return null;
-    }
-
-    const rootSelection = pickContentRoot(document, externalId);
-    if (rootSelection.kind !== "ready") {
+    const locator = lesswrongLocator(window.location.href);
+    if (locator === null) {
       return null;
     }
-
-    return findCanonicalRootWithin(rootSelection.root);
+    const rootSelection = canonicalContentRoot(document, locator.postId);
+    return rootSelection.kind === "ready" ? rootSelection.root : null;
   },
+
+  contentExclusionFilter,
 };
diff --git a/src/typescript/extension/src/content/adapters/model.ts b/src/typescript/extension/src/content/adapters/model.ts
index 385ef90..d73d1f6 100644
--- a/src/typescript/extension/src/content/adapters/model.ts
+++ b/src/typescript/extension/src/content/adapters/model.ts
@@ -1,10 +1,20 @@
 import type { Platform, PlatformContent } from "@openerrata/shared";
-
+import type { PageLocator } from "../../lib/page-locator.js";
+
+/**
+ * Why an adapter cannot produce content for the current page (spec §3.8):
+ *
+ * - `hydrating` / `ambiguous_dom` / `missing_identity` are transient: the page
+ *   may still be rendering. The content script keeps re-checking and reports
+ *   `unsupported_content` only after a grace period.
+ * - `unsupported` is final for the current DOM: the page is the platform's but
+ *   holds nothing the extension can check (e.g. a non-article namespace).
+ */
 export type AdapterNotReadyReason =
   | "hydrating"
   | "ambiguous_dom"
-  | "unsupported"
-  | "missing_identity";
+  | "missing_identity"
+  | "unsupported";
 
 export type AdapterExtractionResult =
   | {
@@ -18,47 +28,34 @@ export type AdapterExtractionResult =
 
 export interface PlatformAdapter {
   platformKey: Platform;
-  contentRootSelector: string;
+  /** URL-first platform selection (spec §3.8). */
   matches(url: string): boolean;
+  /** DOM-fingerprint fallback for platform pages on custom domains. */
   detectFromDom?(document: Document): boolean;
+  /** What the URL alone says about which post the page shows, or null if it cannot be one. */
+  pageLocator(url: string): PageLocator | null;
   detectPrivateOrGated?(document: Document): boolean;
   extract(document: Document): AdapterExtractionResult;
+  /**
+   * The element whose text is the post's content text — where claims are
+   * located and highlighted — or null while it is not in the DOM.
+   */
   getContentRoot(document: Document): Element | null;
-
   /**
-   * Build a per-root element exclusion filter for claim-to-DOM matching.
-   * The returned predicate identifies elements whose subtrees should be
-   * excluded from both text extraction and annotation rendering, keeping the
-   * DOM mapper's text consistent with the server-side content that claims
-   * were generated against.
-   *
-   * Receives the content root so it can precompute structural exclusions
-   * (e.g. Wikipedia excluded sections like "References" / "External links")
-   * in addition to element-level exclusions (e.g. citation superscripts).
-   *
-   * Returns `undefined` when no filtering is needed (non-Wikipedia adapters).
+   * Elements under `root` whose subtrees are not post content on this
+   * platform (beyond `NON_CONTENT_TAGS`, which are always excluded). One
+   * predicate serves text extraction, claim matching and HTML snapshots, so
+   * they agree with each other and with the API's canonical text.
    */
-  buildMatchingFilter?(root: Element): ((element: Element) => boolean) | undefined;
+  contentExclusionFilter(root: Element): (element: Element) => boolean;
 }
 
-export function isLikelyVisible(element: Element): boolean {
-  const defaultView = element.ownerDocument.defaultView;
-  if (!defaultView || !(element instanceof defaultView.HTMLElement)) {
-    return true;
-  }
-
-  if (element.hidden) {
-    return false;
-  }
-  const style = defaultView.getComputedStyle(element);
-  if (style.display === "none" || style.visibility === "hidden") {
-    return false;
-  }
-
-  const isJsdom = defaultView.navigator.userAgent.toLowerCase().includes("jsdom");
-  if (!isJsdom && element.offsetParent === null && style.position !== "fixed") {
-    return false;
-  }
+/** No platform-specific exclusions. */
+export function excludeNothing(): (element: Element) => boolean {
+  return () => false;
+}
 
-  return true;
+/** Whether `element` is rendered (not `display: none` / `visibility: hidden` / `hidden`). */
+export function isLikelyVisible(element: Element): boolean {
+  return element.checkVisibility({ visibilityProperty: true });
 }
diff --git a/src/typescript/extension/src/content/adapters/substack.ts b/src/typescript/extension/src/content/adapters/substack.ts
index 1302ad7..03e1188 100644
--- a/src/typescript/extension/src/content/adapters/substack.ts
+++ b/src/typescript/extension/src/content/adapters/substack.ts
@@ -1,20 +1,21 @@
-import { normalizeContent, isNonNullObject, utf8ByteLength } from "@openerrata/shared";
-import { ANNOTATION_SELECTOR } from "../annotation-dom";
+import { isNonNullObject, normalizeContent, substackExternalIdSchema } from "@openerrata/shared";
+import { isSubstackHost, pageLocatorFor, type PageLocator } from "../../lib/page-locator";
 import type { AdapterExtractionResult, PlatformAdapter } from "./model";
 import {
-  extractContentWithImageOccurrencesFromRoot,
+  extractContent,
   hasVideoContent,
   readFirstMetaDateAsIso,
   readFirstTimeDateAsIso,
+  readJsonLdBlocks,
   readPublishedDateFromJsonLd,
+  serializeContentHtml,
+  toTransportableHtml,
 } from "./utils";
-import { extractSubstackPostSlug, isSubstackPostPath } from "../../lib/substack-url";
 
 const CONTENT_SELECTOR = ".body.markup";
 const TITLE_SELECTOR = "h1.post-title";
 const SUBTITLE_SELECTOR = "h3.subtitle, h2.subtitle";
 const AUTHOR_META_SELECTOR = 'meta[name="author"]';
-const JSON_LD_SELECTOR = 'script[type="application/ld+json"]';
 const META_DATE_SELECTORS = [
   'meta[property="article:published_time"]',
   'meta[name="article:published_time"]',
@@ -28,7 +29,6 @@ const SUBSTACK_FINGERPRINT_SELECTOR = [
   'meta[property="og:url"][content*=".substack.com"]',
   'meta[name="twitter:image"][content*="post_preview/"]',
 ].join(",");
-const SUBSTACK_HOST_REGEX = /(^|\.)substack\.com$/i;
 const SUBSTACK_POST_PREVIEW_ID_REGEX = /post_preview\/(\d+)\/(?:twitter|facebook)\.(?:jpg|png)/i;
 const SUBSTACK_PUBLICATION_REGEX = /([a-z0-9-]+)\.substack\.com/i;
 const PRIVATE_OR_GATED_SELECTOR = [
@@ -49,6 +49,23 @@ const PRIVATE_OR_GATED_PATTERNS = [
 ] as const;
 const ACCESS_CONTROL_TERMS = ["paywall", "subscriber", "subscription"] as const;
 const SUBSTACK_HTML_CONTENT_MAX_BYTES = 256 * 1024;
+/**
+ * Editor components in the post body that are not the post's own text, by
+ * the `data-component-name` Substack renders them with: calls to action
+ * (subscribe forms; share, comment and subscribe buttons) and cards embedding
+ * content from elsewhere — tweets, whose text is another author's (quoted
+ * tweets are not analyzed, spec §2.1), and other posts. Their text, avatars
+ * and media stay out of the content text and image occurrences.
+ */
+const NON_POST_COMPONENT_SELECTOR = [
+  "SubscribeWidget",
+  "ButtonCreateButton",
+  "Twitter2ToDOM",
+  "DigestPostEmbed",
+  "EmbeddedPostToDOM",
+]
+  .map((componentName) => `[data-component-name="${componentName}"]`)
+  .join(",");
 
 function isHiddenElement(element: Element): boolean {
   return element.closest('[hidden], [aria-hidden="true"]') !== null;
@@ -203,15 +220,8 @@ function extractInteractionCounts(document: Document): {
     }
   };
 
-  for (const script of document.querySelectorAll<HTMLScriptElement>(JSON_LD_SELECTOR)) {
-    const text = script.textContent.trim();
-    if (text.length === 0) continue;
-
-    try {
-      visit(JSON.parse(text) as unknown);
-    } catch {
-      // Ignore malformed JSON-LD payloads.
-    }
+  for (const block of readJsonLdBlocks(document)) {
+    visit(block);
   }
 
   return state;
@@ -224,15 +234,8 @@ function extractAuthorHandle(document: Document): string | undefined {
   return normalized.length > 0 ? normalized : undefined;
 }
 
-function parseSlug(url: URL): string | null {
-  const rawSlug = extractSubstackPostSlug(url.pathname);
-  if (rawSlug === null) return null;
-  const slug = normalizeContent(rawSlug);
-  return slug.length > 0 ? slug : null;
-}
-
 function parsePublicationSubdomain(url: URL, imageCandidates: string[]): string | null {
-  if (SUBSTACK_HOST_REGEX.test(url.hostname) && url.hostname.includes(".")) {
+  if (isSubstackHost(url.hostname)) {
     const parts = url.hostname.toLowerCase().split(".");
     const publicationSubdomainCandidate = parts.length >= 3 ? parts[parts.length - 3] : undefined;
     if (
@@ -261,15 +264,44 @@ function parseSubstackPostId(imageCandidates: string[]): string | null {
   return null;
 }
 
-function hasSubstackHost(url: URL): boolean {
-  return SUBSTACK_HOST_REGEX.test(url.hostname) && url.hostname !== "substack.com";
+type SubstackLocator = Extract<PageLocator, { platform: "SUBSTACK" }>;
+
+/** Substack's non-post components under the content root (`NON_POST_COMPONENT_SELECTOR`). */
+function substackExclusionFilter(): (element: Element) => boolean {
+  return (element) => element.matches(NON_POST_COMPONENT_SELECTOR);
 }
 
-function hasSubstackPostPath(pathname: string): boolean {
-  return isSubstackPostPath(pathname);
+function substackLocator(url: string): SubstackLocator | null {
+  const locator = pageLocatorFor("SUBSTACK", url);
+  return locator?.platform === "SUBSTACK" ? locator : null;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Substack's JSON-LD declares `isAccessibleForFree: false` on every paid-only
+ * post, whichever paywall copy the page renders (free-unlock offers included),
+ * so it is a structural signal where paywall wording is not. A paid
+ * subscriber viewing the full post sees the same declaration: subscriber-only
+ * posts are skipped for everyone (spec §3.11).
+ */
+function isDeclaredNotAccessibleForFree(document: Document): boolean {
+  const visit = (node: unknown, depth: number): boolean => {
+    if (depth > 10) return false;
+    if (Array.isArray(node)) {
+      return node.some((nested: unknown) => visit(nested, depth + 1));
+    }
+    if (!isNonNullObject(node)) return false;
+    const flag = node["isAccessibleForFree"];
+    if (flag === false || flag === "false" || flag === "False") return true;
+    return Object.values(node).some((nested) => visit(nested, depth + 1));
+  };
+  return readJsonLdBlocks(document).some((block) => visit(block, 0));
 }
 
 function hasPrivateOrGatedMarkers(document: Document): boolean {
+  if (isDeclaredNotAccessibleForFree(document)) {
+    return true;
+  }
+
   const explicitMarkers = document.querySelectorAll(PRIVATE_OR_GATED_SELECTOR);
   for (const marker of explicitMarkers) {
     if (isHiddenElement(marker)) continue;
@@ -316,65 +348,23 @@ function hasPrivateOrGatedMarkers(document: Document): boolean {
   return false;
 }
 
-/**
- * Serialize the content root's HTML, stripping any OpenErrata annotation
- * marks that may have been injected into the DOM. The stored HTML must
- * represent the original page content, not our annotations.
- */
-function serializeContentHtml(root: Element): string {
-  const annotations = root.querySelectorAll(ANNOTATION_SELECTOR);
-  if (annotations.length === 0) {
-    return root.innerHTML;
-  }
-
-  const clone = root.cloneNode(true);
-  if (!(clone instanceof Element)) return root.innerHTML;
-  for (const mark of clone.querySelectorAll(ANNOTATION_SELECTOR)) {
-    const parent = mark.parentNode;
-    if (parent === null) continue;
-    while (mark.firstChild !== null) {
-      parent.insertBefore(mark.firstChild, mark);
-    }
-    parent.removeChild(mark);
-  }
-  return clone.innerHTML;
-}
-
-/**
- * htmlContent is optional in the API schema. Omit oversized payloads to avoid
- * failing the entire viewPost request against the extension's hard body limit.
- */
-function toTransportableHtmlContent(html: string): string | undefined {
-  if (html.length === 0) {
-    return undefined;
-  }
-  return utf8ByteLength(html) <= SUBSTACK_HTML_CONTENT_MAX_BYTES ? html : undefined;
-}
-
 export const substackAdapter: PlatformAdapter = {
   platformKey: "SUBSTACK",
-  contentRootSelector: CONTENT_SELECTOR,
 
   matches(url: string): boolean {
-    try {
-      const parsed = new URL(url);
-      return hasSubstackHost(parsed) && hasSubstackPostPath(parsed.pathname);
-    } catch {
-      return false;
-    }
+    const locator = substackLocator(url);
+    return locator !== null && isSubstackHost(new URL(locator.origin).hostname);
   },
 
   detectFromDom(document: Document): boolean {
-    try {
-      const parsed = new URL(document.location.href);
-      if (!hasSubstackPostPath(parsed.pathname)) {
-        return false;
-      }
-    } catch {
-      return false;
-    }
+    return (
+      substackLocator(document.location.href) !== null &&
+      document.querySelector(SUBSTACK_FINGERPRINT_SELECTOR) !== null
+    );
+  },
 
-    return document.querySelector(SUBSTACK_FINGERPRINT_SELECTOR) !== null;
+  pageLocator(url: string): PageLocator | null {
+    return substackLocator(url);
   },
 
   detectPrivateOrGated(document: Document): boolean {
@@ -383,26 +373,16 @@ export const substackAdapter: PlatformAdapter = {
 
   extract(document: Document): AdapterExtractionResult {
     const url = window.location.href;
-    const root = document.querySelector(CONTENT_SELECTOR);
-
-    let parsedUrl: URL;
-    try {
-      parsedUrl = new URL(url);
-    } catch {
-      return {
-        kind: "not_ready",
-        reason: "missing_identity",
-      };
-    }
-
-    const slug = parseSlug(parsedUrl);
-    if (slug === null || slug.length === 0) {
+    const locator = substackLocator(url);
+    const slug = locator === null ? "" : normalizeContent(locator.slug);
+    if (slug.length === 0) {
       return {
         kind: "not_ready",
         reason: "missing_identity",
       };
     }
 
+    const root = this.getContentRoot(document);
     if (!root) {
       return {
         kind: "not_ready",
@@ -439,7 +419,7 @@ export const substackAdapter: PlatformAdapter = {
       };
     }
 
-    const publicationSubdomain = parsePublicationSubdomain(parsedUrl, imageCandidates);
+    const publicationSubdomain = parsePublicationSubdomain(new URL(url), imageCandidates);
     if (publicationSubdomain === null || publicationSubdomain.length === 0) {
       return {
         kind: "not_ready",
@@ -447,28 +427,29 @@ export const substackAdapter: PlatformAdapter = {
       };
     }
 
-    const extractedContent = extractContentWithImageOccurrencesFromRoot(root, url);
-    const contentText = extractedContent.contentText;
-    const htmlContent = toTransportableHtmlContent(serializeContentHtml(root));
+    const extractedContent = extractContent(root, {
+      exclude: substackExclusionFilter(),
+      imageSelector: "img[src]",
+      baseUrl: url,
+    });
+    const htmlContent = toTransportableHtml(
+      serializeContentHtml(root, substackExclusionFilter),
+      SUBSTACK_HTML_CONTENT_MAX_BYTES,
+    );
 
     const subtitle = normalizeContent(document.querySelector(SUBTITLE_SELECTOR)?.textContent ?? "");
     const publishedAt = extractPublishedAt(document, root);
     const interactionCounts = extractInteractionCounts(document);
     const authorSubstackHandle = extractAuthorHandle(document);
 
-    const imageUrls = extractedContent.imageUrls;
-    const hasVideo = hasVideoContent(root);
-    const mediaState = hasVideo ? "has_video" : imageUrls.length > 0 ? "has_images" : "text_only";
-
     return {
       kind: "ready",
       content: {
         platform: "SUBSTACK",
-        externalId: substackPostId,
+        externalId: substackExternalIdSchema.parse(substackPostId),
         url,
-        contentText,
-        mediaState,
-        imageUrls,
+        contentText: extractedContent.contentText,
+        hasVideo: hasVideoContent(root),
         imageOccurrences: extractedContent.imageOccurrences,
         metadata: {
           substackPostId,
@@ -494,4 +475,6 @@ export const substackAdapter: PlatformAdapter = {
   getContentRoot(document: Document): Element | null {
     return document.querySelector(CONTENT_SELECTOR);
   },
+
+  contentExclusionFilter: substackExclusionFilter,
 };
diff --git a/src/typescript/extension/src/content/adapters/utils.ts b/src/typescript/extension/src/content/adapters/utils.ts
index bd6cf49..3e1aeb4 100644
--- a/src/typescript/extension/src/content/adapters/utils.ts
+++ b/src/typescript/extension/src/content/adapters/utils.ts
@@ -1,25 +1,14 @@
 import {
   normalizeContent,
   isNonNullObject,
-  CONTENT_BLOCK_SEPARATOR_TAGS,
+  utf8ByteLength,
   type ObservedImageOccurrence,
 } from "@openerrata/shared";
-
-/**
- * Clone an Element node. The DOM spec guarantees `cloneNode(true)` on an
- * Element returns an Element, but the TS return type is the wider `Node`.
- */
-export function cloneElement(element: Element): Element {
-  const clone = element.cloneNode(true);
-  if (!(clone instanceof Element)) {
-    throw new Error("cloneNode(true) on Element did not return Element");
-  }
-  return clone;
-}
+import { cloneWithoutAnnotations } from "../annotation-dom.js";
+import { buildDomTextIndex, isNonContentElement, type DomTextIndex } from "../dom-text-index.js";
 
 const JSON_LD_SELECTOR = 'script[type="application/ld+json"]';
 const MAX_JSON_LD_DEPTH = 8;
-const TREE_WALKER_TEXT_AND_ELEMENT = 0x1 | 0x4;
 
 function parseIsoDate(value: string | null | undefined): string | null {
   if (value === null || value === undefined || value.length === 0) return null;
@@ -82,55 +71,31 @@ function findDateInJsonLd(
   return null;
 }
 
-export function readPublishedDateFromJsonLd(
-  root: ParentNode,
-  candidateKeys: ReadonlySet<string>,
-): string | null {
+/** Parsed JSON-LD blocks under `root`. Pages ship malformed blocks as-is; those are skipped. */
+export function readJsonLdBlocks(root: ParentNode): unknown[] {
+  const blocks: unknown[] = [];
   for (const script of root.querySelectorAll<HTMLScriptElement>(JSON_LD_SELECTOR)) {
     const text = script.textContent.trim();
     if (text.length === 0) continue;
-
     try {
-      const parsed = JSON.parse(text) as unknown;
-      const found = findDateInJsonLd(parsed, candidateKeys);
-      if (found !== null && found.length > 0) return found;
+      const block: unknown = JSON.parse(text);
+      blocks.push(block);
     } catch {
-      // Ignore malformed JSON-LD blobs.
+      // Not our JSON to fix; a malformed block carries no usable metadata.
     }
   }
-
-  return null;
+  return blocks;
 }
 
-function uniqueNormalizedUrls(
-  values: readonly (string | null | undefined)[],
-  baseUrl: string,
-): string[] {
-  const uniqueUrls = new Set<string>();
-
-  for (const value of values) {
-    const trimmed = value?.trim() ?? "";
-    if (trimmed.length === 0 || trimmed.startsWith("data:")) continue;
-
-    try {
-      uniqueUrls.add(new URL(trimmed, baseUrl).toString());
-    } catch {
-      // Ignore malformed URLs in extracted content.
-    }
-  }
-
-  return Array.from(uniqueUrls);
-}
-
-export function extractImageUrlsFromRoot(
+export function readPublishedDateFromJsonLd(
   root: ParentNode,
-  baseUrl: string,
-  selector = "img[src]",
-): string[] {
-  const values = Array.from(root.querySelectorAll<HTMLImageElement>(selector)).map((image) =>
-    image.getAttribute("src"),
-  );
-  return uniqueNormalizedUrls(values, baseUrl);
+  candidateKeys: ReadonlySet<string>,
+): string | null {
+  for (const block of readJsonLdBlocks(root)) {
+    const found = findDateInJsonLd(block, candidateKeys);
+    if (found !== null && found.length > 0) return found;
+  }
+  return null;
 }
 
 function normalizeImageUrl(value: string | null | undefined, baseUrl: string): string | null {
@@ -159,16 +124,6 @@ function readOptionalCaption(image: HTMLImageElement): string | undefined {
   return undefined;
 }
 
-interface ExtractedContentWithImageOccurrences {
-  contentText: string;
-  imageUrls: string[];
-  imageOccurrences: ObservedImageOccurrence[];
-}
-
-function isDocumentRoot(root: ParentNode): root is Document {
-  return "createTreeWalker" in root && "defaultView" in root;
-}
-
 /**
  * Iframe src patterns that embed video or audio content. Generic iframes
  * (e.g. Manifold Market prediction widgets, tweet embeds) are interactive
@@ -201,131 +156,101 @@ export function hasVideoContent(root: ParentNode): boolean {
   return Array.from(root.querySelectorAll("iframe")).some(isVideoIframe);
 }
 
-function hasOwnerDocument(
-  root: ParentNode,
-): root is ParentNode & { ownerDocument: Document | null } {
-  return "ownerDocument" in root;
+/** Post content read from the live DOM through the shared text pipeline. */
+interface ExtractedContent {
+  contentText: string;
+  imageOccurrences: ObservedImageOccurrence[];
 }
 
-export function extractContentWithImageOccurrencesFromRoot(
-  root: ParentNode,
-  baseUrl: string,
-  selector = "img[src]",
-): ExtractedContentWithImageOccurrences {
-  const targetImages = new Set(Array.from(root.querySelectorAll<HTMLImageElement>(selector)));
-  const rawTextParts: string[] = [];
-  let rawTextLength = 0;
-
-  const uniqueImageUrls: string[] = [];
-  const seenImageUrls = new Set<string>();
-  const rawOccurrences: {
-    rawOffset: number;
-    sourceUrl: string;
-    captionText?: string;
-  }[] = [];
-
-  const document = isDocumentRoot(root) ? root : hasOwnerDocument(root) ? root.ownerDocument : null;
-  if (document === null) {
-    throw new Error("Image occurrence extraction requires an owner document");
-  }
-
-  const defaultView = document.defaultView;
-  if (defaultView === null) {
-    throw new Error("Image occurrence extraction requires a default view");
-  }
+/**
+ * Content text and image occurrences of `root`, via the shared text index
+ * (`buildDomTextIndex`) — the same pipeline the claim mapper and the mutation
+ * check use.
+ */
+export function extractContent(
+  root: Element,
+  options: { exclude: (element: Element) => boolean; imageSelector: string; baseUrl: string },
+): ExtractedContent {
+  const textIndex = buildDomTextIndex(root, {
+    exclude: options.exclude,
+    imageSelector: options.imageSelector,
+  });
+  return {
+    contentText: textIndex.text,
+    imageOccurrences: imageOccurrencesOf(textIndex, options.baseUrl),
+  };
+}
 
-  const appendOccurrence = (image: HTMLImageElement): void => {
-    const sourceUrl = normalizeImageUrl(image.getAttribute("src"), baseUrl);
-    if (sourceUrl === null) return;
+function imageOccurrencesOf(textIndex: DomTextIndex, baseUrl: string): ObservedImageOccurrence[] {
+  return toImageOccurrences(
+    textIndex.images.map((image) => ({
+      element: image.element,
+      normalizedTextOffset: image.normalizedOffset,
+    })),
+    baseUrl,
+  );
+}
 
-    if (!seenImageUrls.has(sourceUrl)) {
-      seenImageUrls.add(sourceUrl);
-      uniqueImageUrls.push(sourceUrl);
-    }
+/**
+ * Occurrences of images that sit outside the text root (e.g. tweet media
+ * below the tweet text), all placed at `normalizedTextOffset`.
+ */
+export function detachedImageOccurrences(
+  scope: ParentNode,
+  options: { imageSelector: string; baseUrl: string; normalizedTextOffset: number },
+): ObservedImageOccurrence[] {
+  return toImageOccurrences(
+    Array.from(scope.querySelectorAll<HTMLImageElement>(options.imageSelector)).map((element) => ({
+      element,
+      normalizedTextOffset: options.normalizedTextOffset,
+    })),
+    options.baseUrl,
+  );
+}
 
-    const captionText = readOptionalCaption(image);
-    rawOccurrences.push({
-      rawOffset: rawTextLength,
+function toImageOccurrences(
+  images: readonly { element: HTMLImageElement; normalizedTextOffset: number }[],
+  baseUrl: string,
+): ObservedImageOccurrence[] {
+  const occurrences: ObservedImageOccurrence[] = [];
+  for (const { element, normalizedTextOffset } of images) {
+    const sourceUrl = normalizeImageUrl(element.getAttribute("src"), baseUrl);
+    if (sourceUrl === null) continue;
+    const captionText = readOptionalCaption(element);
+    occurrences.push({
+      originalIndex: occurrences.length,
+      normalizedTextOffset,
       sourceUrl,
       ...(captionText === undefined ? {} : { captionText }),
     });
-  };
-
-  if (root instanceof defaultView.HTMLImageElement && targetImages.has(root)) {
-    appendOccurrence(root);
   }
+  return occurrences;
+}
 
-  // Track open block elements so we can inject a trailing separator when
-  // the TreeWalker moves past the end of a block element's subtree.  This
-  // mirrors the "exit" phase in the server's parse5 traversal and ensures
-  // that text ending at a block boundary (e.g. <div>about</div><span>Ali</span>)
-  // still produces word-separated output.
-  const openBlockElements: Element[] = [];
-
-  const flushExitedBlocks = (currentNode: Node): void => {
-    while (openBlockElements.length > 0) {
-      const top = openBlockElements[openBlockElements.length - 1];
-      if (top === undefined || top.contains(currentNode)) break;
-      openBlockElements.pop();
-      rawTextParts.push(" ");
-      rawTextLength += 1;
-    }
-  };
-
-  const walker = document.createTreeWalker(root, TREE_WALKER_TEXT_AND_ELEMENT);
-  for (let node = walker.nextNode(); node !== null; node = walker.nextNode()) {
-    flushExitedBlocks(node);
-
-    if (node.nodeType === defaultView.Node.TEXT_NODE) {
-      const value = node.nodeValue ?? "";
-      rawTextParts.push(value);
-      rawTextLength += value.length;
-      continue;
-    }
-
-    // At this point node is an Element (TREE_WALKER_TEXT_AND_ELEMENT only
-    // visits text nodes and element nodes, and text nodes were handled above).
-    if (node instanceof defaultView.Element) {
-      // Inject a space at the start and end of block-level elements so
-      // adjacent elements with no whitespace text node between them still
-      // produce word-separated output after normalizeContent.
-      if (CONTENT_BLOCK_SEPARATOR_TAGS.has(node.tagName.toLowerCase())) {
-        rawTextParts.push(" ");
-        rawTextLength += 1;
-        openBlockElements.push(node);
-      }
-
-      if (node instanceof defaultView.HTMLImageElement && targetImages.has(node)) {
-        appendOccurrence(node);
-      }
+/**
+ * HTML of `root` as transported to the API: OpenErrata's own highlight marks
+ * unwrapped, and the same subtrees removed that text extraction skips.
+ */
+export function serializeContentHtml(
+  root: Element,
+  exclusionFilter: (root: Element) => (element: Element) => boolean,
+): string {
+  const clone = cloneWithoutAnnotations(root);
+  const exclude = exclusionFilter(clone);
+  for (const element of Array.from(clone.querySelectorAll("*"))) {
+    if (isNonContentElement(element) || exclude(element)) {
+      element.remove();
     }
   }
+  return clone.innerHTML;
+}
 
-  // Flush separators for any block elements whose subtrees extended to the
-  // end of the traversal.
-  while (openBlockElements.length > 0) {
-    openBlockElements.pop();
-    rawTextParts.push(" ");
-    rawTextLength += 1;
-  }
-
-  const rawText = rawTextParts.join("");
-  const contentText = normalizeContent(rawText);
-  const imageOccurrences: ObservedImageOccurrence[] = rawOccurrences.map(
-    (occurrence, originalIndex) => {
-      const normalizedTextOffset = normalizeContent(rawText.slice(0, occurrence.rawOffset)).length;
-      return {
-        originalIndex,
-        normalizedTextOffset,
-        sourceUrl: occurrence.sourceUrl,
-        ...(occurrence.captionText === undefined ? {} : { captionText: occurrence.captionText }),
-      };
-    },
-  );
-
-  return {
-    contentText,
-    imageUrls: uniqueImageUrls,
-    imageOccurrences,
-  };
+/**
+ * Optional page HTML is omitted when it is empty or larger than `maxBytes`,
+ * so one oversized snapshot cannot push the whole request over the API's body
+ * limit (the API then works from text alone).
+ */
+export function toTransportableHtml(html: string, maxBytes: number): string | undefined {
+  if (html.length === 0) return undefined;
+  return utf8ByteLength(html) <= maxBytes ? html : undefined;
 }
diff --git a/src/typescript/extension/src/content/adapters/wikipedia.ts b/src/typescript/extension/src/content/adapters/wikipedia.ts
index d77d9bb..d3f7280 100644
--- a/src/typescript/extension/src/content/adapters/wikipedia.ts
+++ b/src/typescript/extension/src/content/adapters/wikipedia.ts
@@ -5,31 +5,21 @@ import {
   isExcludedWikipediaSectionTitle,
   normalizeContent,
   normalizeWikipediaSectionTitle,
+  normalizeWikipediaTitleToken,
   shouldExcludeWikipediaElement,
-  utf8ByteLength,
+  wikipediaExternalIdFromPageId,
+  wikipediaExternalIdSchema,
   type WikipediaNodeDescriptor,
 } from "@openerrata/shared";
+import { pageLocatorFor, type PageLocator } from "../../lib/page-locator";
 import type { AdapterExtractionResult, PlatformAdapter } from "./model";
-import { cloneElement, extractContentWithImageOccurrencesFromRoot } from "./utils";
-import {
-  normalizeWikipediaTitleToken,
-  parseWikipediaIdentity,
-  wikipediaExternalIdFromPageId,
-} from "../../lib/wikipedia-url.js";
-
-// The comma-selector "#mw-content-text .mw-parser-output, #mw-content-text" cannot be
-// used with querySelector() for content root selection: querySelector returns the first
-// match in document order, and parent elements precede their descendants, so
-// #mw-content-text always wins over its descendant .mw-parser-output. We use the
-// comma-selector only for detection (contentRootSelector / detectFromDom), where we
-// just need to know if either element exists. getContentRoot() uses two separate queries
-// with an explicit fallback so .mw-parser-output is preferred.
-//
-// Preferring .mw-parser-output matters because the Wikipedia Parse API returns only the
-// article body (.mw-parser-output equivalent), not the surrounding #mw-content-text which
-// also contains tracking pixels, printfooter, and other non-article elements. Scoping
-// client extraction to .mw-parser-output keeps it consistent with the server's source.
-const CONTENT_ROOT_SELECTOR = "#mw-content-text .mw-parser-output, #mw-content-text";
+import { extractContent, serializeContentHtml, toTransportableHtml } from "./utils";
+
+// Prefer `.mw-parser-output`: the Wikipedia Parse API (the API's canonical
+// source) returns only the article body, not the surrounding
+// `#mw-content-text`, which also holds tracking pixels, the print footer and
+// other non-article elements.
+const CONTENT_ROOT_SELECTORS = ["#mw-content-text .mw-parser-output", "#mw-content-text"] as const;
 const HEADING_SELECTOR = "h2, h3, h4, h5, h6";
 const VIDEO_SELECTOR = [
   "video",
@@ -44,22 +34,6 @@ const INLINE_WIKIPEDIA_CONFIG_SCRIPT_HINTS = ["RLCONF", "mw.config.set"] as cons
 /** Maximum serialized HTML size (UTF-8 bytes) for client-side HTML transport. */
 const WIKIPEDIA_HTML_CONTENT_MAX_BYTES = 256 * 1024;
 
-/**
- * Convert pruned Wikipedia HTML to a transportable string, or undefined if
- * the serialized HTML exceeds the byte-size cap.
- *
- * Unlike Substack's serializeContentHtml, no annotation stripping is needed
- * here: pruneWikipediaContent already operates on a cloneElement() detached
- * from the live DOM, so OpenErrata annotations are never present.
- */
-function toTransportableHtmlContent(prunedRoot: Element): string | undefined {
-  const html = prunedRoot.innerHTML;
-  if (html.length === 0) {
-    return undefined;
-  }
-  return utf8ByteLength(html) <= WIKIPEDIA_HTML_CONTENT_MAX_BYTES ? html : undefined;
-}
-
 // ── MediaWiki config reading ──────────────────────────────────────────────
 //
 // Wikipedia pages embed article metadata (page ID, revision ID, timestamps)
@@ -248,84 +222,115 @@ function firstDirectChildHeadingElement(element: Element): Element | null {
   return null;
 }
 
+function isExcludedWikipediaElement(element: Element): boolean {
+  return shouldExcludeWikipediaElement({
+    tagName: element.tagName,
+    classTokens: Array.from(element.classList),
+    role: element.getAttribute("role"),
+  });
+}
+
+/** `textContent` without the text of excluded descendants (e.g. "[edit]" links in headings). */
+function contentTextOf(element: Element): string {
+  let text = "";
+  for (const child of element.childNodes) {
+    if (isTextNode(child)) {
+      text += child.data;
+    } else if (isElementNode(child) && !isExcludedWikipediaElement(child)) {
+      text += contentTextOf(child);
+    }
+  }
+  return text;
+}
+
+function isTextNode(node: Node): node is Text {
+  return node.nodeType === 3;
+}
+
+function isElementNode(node: Node): node is Element {
+  return node.nodeType === 1;
+}
+
 /** Build a WikipediaNodeDescriptor from a DOM Element for shared heading logic. */
 function toNodeDescriptor(element: Element): WikipediaNodeDescriptor {
   const firstHeading = firstDirectChildHeadingElement(element);
   return {
     tagName: element.tagName,
     classTokens: Array.from(element.classList),
-    textContent: element.textContent,
+    textContent: contentTextOf(element),
     firstChildHeading:
       firstHeading !== null
-        ? { tagName: firstHeading.tagName, textContent: firstHeading.textContent }
+        ? { tagName: firstHeading.tagName, textContent: contentTextOf(firstHeading) }
         : null,
   };
 }
 
 function normalizeHeadingText(heading: Element): string {
   const headline = heading.querySelector(".mw-headline");
-  const descriptor = toNodeDescriptor(heading);
   return normalizeWikipediaSectionTitle(
-    effectiveHeadingText(descriptor, (headline ?? heading).textContent),
+    effectiveHeadingText(toNodeDescriptor(heading), contentTextOf(headline ?? heading)),
   );
 }
 
-function removeSectionFromHeading(heading: HTMLElement): void {
+/**
+ * The elements making up the section a heading opens: the heading (or its
+ * Parsoid `div.mw-heading` wrapper — section content is a sibling of the
+ * wrapper, not of the inner heading) and every following sibling up to the
+ * next heading of the same or a higher level.
+ */
+function sectionElements(heading: Element): Element[] {
   const level = headingLevelFromTag(heading.tagName);
   if (level === null) {
-    heading.remove();
-    return;
+    return [heading];
   }
 
-  // Parsoid HTML wraps headings in `<div class="mw-heading mw-headingN">`.
-  // Starting removal from the wrapper div (rather than the inner <h2>) ensures
-  // that cursor.nextElementSibling is the actual section content — in the
-  // new format, all section content is a sibling of the wrapper, not of the
-  // heading element inside it.
   const parent = heading.parentElement;
   const parentLevel = parent !== null ? effectiveHeadingLevel(toNodeDescriptor(parent)) : null;
-  const startCursor: Element = parent !== null && parentLevel !== null ? parent : heading;
-
-  let cursor: Element = startCursor;
-  while (true) {
-    const nextSibling: Element | null = cursor.nextElementSibling;
-    cursor.remove();
-
-    if (!nextSibling) {
-      return;
-    }
-
-    const nextLevel = effectiveHeadingLevel(toNodeDescriptor(nextSibling));
-    if (nextLevel !== null && nextLevel <= level) {
-      return;
-    }
-
-    cursor = nextSibling;
+  const start: Element = parent !== null && parentLevel !== null ? parent : heading;
+
+  const elements = [start];
+  for (
+    let sibling = start.nextElementSibling;
+    sibling !== null;
+    sibling = sibling.nextElementSibling
+  ) {
+    const siblingLevel = effectiveHeadingLevel(toNodeDescriptor(sibling));
+    if (siblingLevel !== null && siblingLevel <= level) break;
+    elements.push(sibling);
   }
+  return elements;
 }
 
-function pruneWikipediaContent(root: Element): Element {
-  const clone = cloneElement(root);
-
-  for (const node of clone.querySelectorAll<HTMLElement>("*")) {
-    if (
-      shouldExcludeWikipediaElement({
-        tagName: node.tagName,
-        classTokens: Array.from(node.classList),
-      })
-    ) {
-      node.remove();
-    }
+function isWithinExcludedElement(element: Element, root: Element): boolean {
+  for (
+    let cursor: Element | null = element;
+    cursor !== null && cursor !== root;
+    cursor = cursor.parentElement
+  ) {
+    if (isExcludedWikipediaElement(cursor)) return true;
   }
+  return false;
+}
 
-  for (const heading of clone.querySelectorAll<HTMLElement>(HEADING_SELECTOR)) {
-    const headingText = normalizeHeadingText(heading);
-    if (isExcludedWikipediaSectionTitle(headingText)) {
-      removeSectionFromHeading(heading);
+/**
+ * Wikipedia's non-article content under `root`: excluded elements (citation
+ * superscripts, edit links, navboxes, JS-injected UI — see
+ * `shouldExcludeWikipediaElement`) and whole excluded sections (References,
+ * External links, ...). Mirrors the API's canonical Parse-API filtering
+ * (`createWikipediaNodeFilter`) so client and server text agree.
+ */
+function wikipediaExclusionFilter(root: Element): (element: Element) => boolean {
+  const excludedSectionElements = new Set<Element>();
+  for (const heading of root.querySelectorAll(HEADING_SELECTOR)) {
+    if (isWithinExcludedElement(heading, root)) continue;
+    if (!isExcludedWikipediaSectionTitle(normalizeHeadingText(heading))) continue;
+    for (const element of sectionElements(heading)) {
+      excludedSectionElements.add(element);
     }
   }
 
-  return clone;
+  return (element: Element): boolean =>
+    isExcludedWikipediaElement(element) || excludedSectionElements.has(element);
 }
 
 function displayTitleFromDocument(document: Document): string | undefined {
@@ -341,32 +346,41 @@ function metadataTitleFromMwConfig(mwConfig: MwConfig): string | null {
   return normalizeWikipediaTitleToken(pageName);
 }
 
+type WikipediaLocator = Extract<PageLocator, { platform: "WIKIPEDIA" }>;
+
+function wikipediaLocator(url: string): WikipediaLocator | null {
+  const locator = pageLocatorFor("WIKIPEDIA", url);
+  return locator?.platform === "WIKIPEDIA" ? locator : null;
+}
+
 // ── Adapter ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
 
 export const wikipediaAdapter: PlatformAdapter = {
   platformKey: "WIKIPEDIA",
-  contentRootSelector: CONTENT_ROOT_SELECTOR,
 
   matches(url: string): boolean {
-    return parseWikipediaIdentity(url) !== null;
+    return wikipediaLocator(url) !== null;
   },
 
-  detectFromDom(document: Document): boolean {
-    return document.querySelector(CONTENT_ROOT_SELECTOR) !== null;
+  pageLocator(url: string): PageLocator | null {
+    return wikipediaLocator(url);
   },
 
   extract(document: Document): AdapterExtractionResult {
-    const identity = parseWikipediaIdentity(document.location.href);
-    if (!identity) {
+    const locator = wikipediaLocator(document.location.href);
+    if (locator === null) {
       return {
         kind: "not_ready",
         reason: "missing_identity",
       };
     }
+    const { article } = locator;
 
     // Read all MediaWiki config values in one pass — no module-level cache.
     const mwConfig = readMwConfig(document);
 
+    // wgNamespaceNumber is authoritative: URL parsing only knows canonical
+    // namespace names, not localized ones (e.g. German "Diskussion:").
     const namespaceNumber = mwConfig.wgNamespaceNumber;
     if (typeof namespaceNumber === "number" && namespaceNumber !== 0) {
       return {
@@ -383,11 +397,11 @@ export const wikipediaAdapter: PlatformAdapter = {
       };
     }
 
-    const prunedRoot = pruneWikipediaContent(contentRoot);
-    const extracted = extractContentWithImageOccurrencesFromRoot(
-      prunedRoot,
-      document.location.href,
-    );
+    const extracted = extractContent(contentRoot, {
+      exclude: wikipediaExclusionFilter(contentRoot),
+      imageSelector: "img[src]",
+      baseUrl: document.location.href,
+    });
     if (extracted.contentText.length === 0) {
       return {
         kind: "not_ready",
@@ -404,7 +418,7 @@ export const wikipediaAdapter: PlatformAdapter = {
       };
     }
 
-    const metadataTitle = identity.title ?? metadataTitleFromMwConfig(mwConfig);
+    const metadataTitle = article.title ?? metadataTitleFromMwConfig(mwConfig);
     if (metadataTitle === null || metadataTitle.length === 0) {
       return {
         kind: "not_ready",
@@ -412,26 +426,31 @@ export const wikipediaAdapter: PlatformAdapter = {
       };
     }
 
-    const { imageUrls, imageOccurrences } = extracted;
-    const hasVideo = prunedRoot.querySelector(VIDEO_SELECTOR) !== null;
-    const mediaState = hasVideo ? "has_video" : imageUrls.length > 0 ? "has_images" : "text_only";
-
+    // Video is detected on the live root, not through the content exclusions:
+    // TimedMediaHandler wraps <video> in `.mw-tmh-player` (excluded as
+    // non-text UI), so excluding first would miss any video whose player had
+    // initialised before extraction.
+    const hasVideo = contentRoot.querySelector(VIDEO_SELECTOR) !== null;
     const lastModifiedAt = toIsoDate(mwConfig.wgRevisionTimestamp);
     const displayTitle = displayTitleFromDocument(document);
-    const htmlContent = toTransportableHtmlContent(prunedRoot);
+    const htmlContent = toTransportableHtml(
+      serializeContentHtml(contentRoot, wikipediaExclusionFilter),
+      WIKIPEDIA_HTML_CONTENT_MAX_BYTES,
+    );
 
     return {
       kind: "ready",
       content: {
         platform: "WIKIPEDIA",
-        externalId: wikipediaExternalIdFromPageId(identity.language, pageId),
+        externalId: wikipediaExternalIdSchema.parse(
+          wikipediaExternalIdFromPageId(article.language, pageId),
+        ),
         url: document.location.href,
         contentText: extracted.contentText,
-        mediaState,
-        imageUrls,
-        imageOccurrences,
+        hasVideo,
+        imageOccurrences: extracted.imageOccurrences,
         metadata: {
-          language: identity.language,
+          language: article.language,
           title: metadataTitle,
           pageId,
           revisionId,
@@ -443,52 +462,13 @@ export const wikipediaAdapter: PlatformAdapter = {
     };
   },
 
-  buildMatchingFilter(root: Element): (element: Element) => boolean {
-    // Precompute the set of direct-child elements within excluded sections
-    // (e.g. "References", "External links"). An excluded section starts at a
-    // heading whose title matches isExcludedWikipediaSectionTitle and extends
-    // to the next sibling heading of equal or higher level — mirroring the
-    // section removal logic in pruneWikipediaContent / removeSectionFromHeading.
-    const excludedSectionElements = new Set<Element>();
-
-    for (const child of root.children) {
-      const descriptor = toNodeDescriptor(child);
-      const level = effectiveHeadingLevel(descriptor);
-      if (level === null) continue;
-
-      const headingText = normalizeHeadingText(child);
-      if (!isExcludedWikipediaSectionTitle(headingText)) continue;
-
-      excludedSectionElements.add(child);
-      let sibling = child.nextElementSibling;
-      while (sibling) {
-        const siblingLevel = effectiveHeadingLevel(toNodeDescriptor(sibling));
-        if (siblingLevel !== null && siblingLevel <= level) break;
-        excludedSectionElements.add(sibling);
-        sibling = sibling.nextElementSibling;
-      }
+  getContentRoot(document: Document): Element | null {
+    for (const selector of CONTENT_ROOT_SELECTORS) {
+      const root = document.querySelector(selector);
+      if (root !== null) return root;
     }
-
-    return (element: Element): boolean => {
-      // Element-level exclusion (citations, edit sections, navboxes, etc.)
-      if (
-        shouldExcludeWikipediaElement({
-          tagName: element.tagName,
-          classTokens: Array.from(element.classList),
-        })
-      ) {
-        return true;
-      }
-      // Section-level exclusion — the TreeWalker's FILTER_REJECT skips
-      // subtrees, so checking direct membership is sufficient.
-      return excludedSectionElements.has(element);
-    };
+    return null;
   },
 
-  getContentRoot(document: Document): Element | null {
-    return (
-      document.querySelector("#mw-content-text .mw-parser-output") ??
-      document.querySelector("#mw-content-text")
-    );
-  },
+  contentExclusionFilter: wikipediaExclusionFilter,
 };
diff --git a/src/typescript/extension/src/content/adapters/x.ts b/src/typescript/extension/src/content/adapters/x.ts
index 387a9ac..d34d070 100644
--- a/src/typescript/extension/src/content/adapters/x.ts
+++ b/src/typescript/extension/src/content/adapters/x.ts
@@ -1,79 +1,47 @@
-import { normalizeContent } from "@openerrata/shared";
-import type { AdapterExtractionResult, PlatformAdapter } from "./model";
 import {
-  extractContentWithImageOccurrencesFromRoot,
-  readFirstMetaDateAsIso,
-  readFirstTimeDateAsIso,
-} from "./utils";
-
-const HANDLE_STATUS_PATH_REGEX = /^\/([^/]+)\/status\/(\d+)(?:\/|$)/i;
-const WEB_STATUS_PATH_REGEX = /^\/i\/web\/status\/(\d+)(?:\/|$)/i;
-const I_STATUS_PATH_REGEX = /^\/i\/status\/(\d+)(?:\/|$)/i;
+  normalizeContent,
+  observedImageUrlsFromOccurrences,
+  xExternalIdSchema,
+} from "@openerrata/shared";
+import {
+  normalizeXHandle,
+  pageLocatorFor,
+  parseXStatusPath,
+  type PageLocator,
+} from "../../lib/page-locator";
+import { buildDomTextIndex } from "../dom-text-index";
+import { excludeNothing, type AdapterExtractionResult, type PlatformAdapter } from "./model";
+import { detachedImageOccurrences, readFirstMetaDateAsIso, readFirstTimeDateAsIso } from "./utils";
+
+// X serves two frontends. Logged in, tweet parts carry `data-testid`
+// attributes (`tweetText`, `User-Name`, `videoPlayer`, ...). Logged out (seen
+// 2026-10) there are no test ids at all: each tweet is a plain `<article>`
+// whose text is a `div[dir="auto"]` after the author header.
+const LOGGED_IN_TWEET_TEXT_SELECTOR = '[data-testid="tweetText"]';
+const LOGGED_OUT_TWEET_TEXT_SELECTOR = 'div[dir="auto"]';
+const TWEET_CONTAINER_SELECTOR = "article";
+const TWEET_IMAGE_SELECTOR =
+  '[data-testid="tweetPhoto"] img, [data-testid="card.wrapper"] img, img[src*="twimg.com/media"]';
+const TWEET_VIDEO_SELECTOR = '[data-testid="videoPlayer"], video';
 const HANDLE_TEXT_REGEX = /^@([A-Za-z0-9_]{1,15})$/;
 const META_DATE_SELECTORS = [
   'meta[property="article:published_time"]',
   'meta[name="article:published_time"]',
   'meta[property="og:article:published_time"]',
 ] as const;
-const RESERVED_HANDLE_SEGMENTS = new Set([
-  "compose",
-  "explore",
-  "home",
-  "i",
-  "intent",
-  "login",
-  "messages",
-  "notifications",
-  "search",
-  "settings",
-  "signup",
-]);
-
-const TWEET_TEXT_SELECTOR = '[data-testid="tweetText"]';
-const TWEET_CONTAINER_SELECTOR = "article";
 const PRIVATE_OR_GATED_PATTERNS = [
   /these posts are protected/i,
   /only confirmed followers have access/i,
   /unable to view this post/i,
   /account owner limits who can view their posts/i,
-  /this account['\u2019]s posts are protected/i,
+  /this account['’]s posts are protected/i,
 ] as const;
-const X_STATUS_HOSTS = ["x.com", "twitter.com"] as const;
 
-function isSupportedXHost(hostname: string): boolean {
-  const normalized = hostname.toLowerCase();
-  return X_STATUS_HOSTS.some((host) => normalized === host || normalized.endsWith(`.${host}`));
-}
+type XLocator = Extract<PageLocator, { platform: "X" }>;
 
-function parseStatusFromPath(pathname: string): {
-  tweetId: string;
-  authorHandle: string | null;
-} | null {
-  const webMatch = WEB_STATUS_PATH_REGEX.exec(pathname);
-  if (webMatch?.[1] !== undefined && webMatch[1].length > 0) {
-    return {
-      tweetId: webMatch[1],
-      authorHandle: null,
-    };
-  }
-
-  const iStatusMatch = I_STATUS_PATH_REGEX.exec(pathname);
-  if (iStatusMatch?.[1] !== undefined && iStatusMatch[1].length > 0) {
-    return {
-      tweetId: iStatusMatch[1],
-      authorHandle: null,
-    };
-  }
-
-  const handleMatch = HANDLE_STATUS_PATH_REGEX.exec(pathname);
-  if (handleMatch?.[2] !== undefined && handleMatch[2].length > 0) {
-    return {
-      tweetId: handleMatch[2],
-      authorHandle: normalizeAuthorHandle(handleMatch[1]),
-    };
-  }
-
-  return null;
+function xLocator(url: string): XLocator | null {
+  const locator = pageLocatorFor("X", url);
+  return locator?.platform === "X" ? locator : null;
 }
 
 function parseStatusFromHref(href: string | null | undefined): {
@@ -82,8 +50,7 @@ function parseStatusFromHref(href: string | null | undefined): {
 } | null {
   if (href === null || href === undefined || href.length === 0) return null;
   try {
-    const parsed = new URL(href, window.location.origin);
-    return parseStatusFromPath(parsed.pathname);
+    return parseXStatusPath(new URL(href, window.location.origin).pathname);
   } catch {
     return null;
   }
@@ -101,6 +68,26 @@ function hasDocumentLevelTweetIdentity(document: Document, tweetId: string): boo
   return hrefCandidates.some((href) => parseStatusFromHref(href)?.tweetId === tweetId);
 }
 
+/** The handle a tweet article's first profile link (the author's avatar/name) points to. */
+function articleAuthorHandle(tweetContainer: Element): string | null {
+  const href = tweetContainer.querySelector('a[href^="/"]')?.getAttribute("href");
+  if (href === null || href === undefined) return null;
+  return normalizeXHandle(href.split(/[/?#]/).find(Boolean));
+}
+
+/**
+ * The tweet's own text element: logged-in `tweetText`, else (logged out) the
+ * first `div[dir="auto"]` belonging to this article rather than to a nested one.
+ */
+function findTweetTextElement(tweetContainer: Element): Element | null {
+  const loggedIn = tweetContainer.querySelector(LOGGED_IN_TWEET_TEXT_SELECTOR);
+  if (loggedIn !== null) return loggedIn;
+  for (const candidate of tweetContainer.querySelectorAll(LOGGED_OUT_TWEET_TEXT_SELECTOR)) {
+    if (candidate.closest(TWEET_CONTAINER_SELECTOR) === tweetContainer) return candidate;
+  }
+  return null;
+}
+
 type TweetContainerSelection =
   | {
       kind: "ready";
@@ -111,7 +98,8 @@ type TweetContainerSelection =
       reason: "hydrating" | "ambiguous_dom" | "missing_identity";
     };
 
-function pickTargetTweetContainer(document: Document, tweetId: string): TweetContainerSelection {
+function pickTargetTweetContainer(document: Document, status: XLocator): TweetContainerSelection {
+  const { tweetId, authorHandle } = status;
   const permalinkCandidates = document.querySelectorAll<HTMLAnchorElement>(
     `${TWEET_CONTAINER_SELECTOR} a[href*="/status/${tweetId}"]`,
   );
@@ -126,14 +114,21 @@ function pickTargetTweetContainer(document: Document, tweetId: string): TweetCon
     }
   }
 
-  if (permalinkContainers.size === 1) {
-    const [container] = Array.from(permalinkContainers);
-    if (!container) {
-      throw new Error("Expected one permalink-matching X tweet container");
-    }
+  // Replies and quote tweets of the target link to its permalink too; when
+  // the URL names the author, the target is the one such article they wrote.
+  const candidates =
+    permalinkContainers.size > 1 && authorHandle !== null
+      ? Array.from(permalinkContainers).filter(
+          (container) =>
+            articleAuthorHandle(container)?.toLowerCase() === authorHandle.toLowerCase(),
+        )
+      : Array.from(permalinkContainers);
+
+  const [onlyCandidate] = candidates;
+  if (candidates.length === 1 && onlyCandidate !== undefined) {
     return {
       kind: "ready",
-      container,
+      container: onlyCandidate,
     };
   }
 
@@ -151,14 +146,15 @@ function pickTargetTweetContainer(document: Document, tweetId: string): TweetCon
     const articles = Array.from(
       primaryColumn.querySelectorAll<HTMLElement>(TWEET_CONTAINER_SELECTOR),
     );
-    if (articles.length === 1 && hasDocumentLevelTweetIdentity(document, tweetId)) {
-      const [container] = articles;
-      if (!container) {
-        throw new Error("Expected one primary-column X tweet container");
-      }
+    const [onlyArticle] = articles;
+    if (
+      articles.length === 1 &&
+      onlyArticle !== undefined &&
+      hasDocumentLevelTweetIdentity(document, tweetId)
+    ) {
       return {
         kind: "ready",
-        container,
+        container: onlyArticle,
       };
     }
 
@@ -183,14 +179,6 @@ function pickTargetTweetContainer(document: Document, tweetId: string): TweetCon
   };
 }
 
-function normalizeAuthorHandle(raw: string | null | undefined): string | null {
-  if (raw === null || raw === undefined || raw.length === 0) return null;
-  const normalized = raw.trim().replace(/^@/, "");
-  if (normalized.length === 0) return null;
-  if (RESERVED_HANDLE_SEGMENTS.has(normalized.toLowerCase())) return null;
-  return normalized;
-}
-
 function extractPostedAt(document: Document, tweetContainer: Element): string | null {
   return (
     readFirstTimeDateAsIso([tweetContainer, document]) ??
@@ -198,25 +186,6 @@ function extractPostedAt(document: Document, tweetContainer: Element): string |
   );
 }
 
-function parseStatusFromUrl(url: string): { tweetId: string; authorHandle: string | null } | null {
-  try {
-    const parsed = new URL(url);
-    if (!isSupportedXHost(parsed.hostname)) return null;
-    return parseStatusFromPath(parsed.pathname);
-  } catch {
-    return null;
-  }
-}
-
-function extractAuthorHandleFromHref(
-  href: string | null | undefined,
-  tweetId: string,
-): string | null {
-  const parsed = parseStatusFromHref(href);
-  if (parsed?.tweetId !== tweetId) return null;
-  return parsed.authorHandle;
-}
-
 function inferAuthorHandle(
   document: Document,
   tweetContainer: Element,
@@ -234,8 +203,8 @@ function inferAuthorHandle(
   ];
 
   for (const href of hrefCandidates) {
-    const handle = extractAuthorHandleFromHref(href, tweetId);
-    if (handle !== null && handle.length > 0) return handle;
+    const parsed = parseStatusFromHref(href);
+    if (parsed?.tweetId === tweetId && parsed.authorHandle !== null) return parsed.authorHandle;
   }
 
   const profileHref =
@@ -245,15 +214,15 @@ function inferAuthorHandle(
     document
       .querySelector<HTMLAnchorElement>('[data-testid="User-Name"] a[href^="/"]')
       ?.getAttribute("href");
-
   if (profileHref !== undefined && profileHref !== null && profileHref.length > 0) {
     try {
-      const parsed = new URL(profileHref, window.location.origin);
-      const segment = parsed.pathname.split("/").find(Boolean);
-      const handleFromProfile = normalizeAuthorHandle(segment);
-      if (handleFromProfile !== null && handleFromProfile.length > 0) return handleFromProfile;
+      const segment = new URL(profileHref, window.location.origin).pathname
+        .split("/")
+        .find(Boolean);
+      const handleFromProfile = normalizeXHandle(segment);
+      if (handleFromProfile !== null) return handleFromProfile;
     } catch {
-      // Ignore and continue with text fallback.
+      // Ignore and continue with the remaining fallbacks.
     }
   }
 
@@ -262,22 +231,17 @@ function inferAuthorHandle(
     ...Array.from(document.querySelectorAll('[data-testid="User-Name"] span')),
   ];
   for (const candidate of handleTextCandidates) {
-    const normalized = normalizeContent(candidate.textContent);
-    const match = HANDLE_TEXT_REGEX.exec(normalized);
-    if (match?.[1] === undefined || match[1].length === 0) continue;
-    const handleFromText = normalizeAuthorHandle(match[1]);
-    if (handleFromText !== null && handleFromText.length > 0) return handleFromText;
+    const match = HANDLE_TEXT_REGEX.exec(normalizeContent(candidate.textContent));
+    const handleFromText = normalizeXHandle(match?.[1]);
+    if (handleFromText !== null) return handleFromText;
   }
 
-  return null;
-}
-
-function hasSupportedStatusPath(url: string): boolean {
-  return parseStatusFromUrl(url) !== null;
+  // Logged-out frontend: no test ids; the article opens with the author's profile link.
+  return articleAuthorHandle(tweetContainer);
 }
 
-function hasPrivateOrGatedMessage(document: Document, tweetId: string): boolean {
-  if (pickTargetTweetContainer(document, tweetId).kind === "ready") {
+function hasPrivateOrGatedMessage(document: Document, status: XLocator): boolean {
+  if (pickTargetTweetContainer(document, status).kind === "ready") {
     return false;
   }
 
@@ -292,30 +256,32 @@ function hasPrivateOrGatedMessage(document: Document, tweetId: string): boolean
 
 export const xAdapter: PlatformAdapter = {
   platformKey: "X",
-  contentRootSelector: TWEET_TEXT_SELECTOR,
 
   matches(url: string): boolean {
-    return hasSupportedStatusPath(url);
+    return xLocator(url) !== null;
+  },
+
+  pageLocator(url: string): PageLocator | null {
+    return xLocator(url);
   },
 
   detectPrivateOrGated(document: Document): boolean {
-    const statusFromUrl = parseStatusFromUrl(window.location.href);
-    if (!statusFromUrl) return false;
-    return hasPrivateOrGatedMessage(document, statusFromUrl.tweetId);
+    const status = xLocator(window.location.href);
+    if (!status) return false;
+    return hasPrivateOrGatedMessage(document, status);
   },
 
   extract(document: Document): AdapterExtractionResult {
     const url = window.location.href;
-    const statusFromUrl = parseStatusFromUrl(url);
-    if (!statusFromUrl) {
+    const status = xLocator(url);
+    if (!status) {
       return {
         kind: "not_ready",
         reason: "unsupported",
       };
     }
 
-    const tweetId = statusFromUrl.tweetId;
-    const tweetSelection = pickTargetTweetContainer(document, tweetId);
+    const tweetSelection = pickTargetTweetContainer(document, status);
     if (tweetSelection.kind !== "ready") {
       return {
         kind: "not_ready",
@@ -324,7 +290,7 @@ export const xAdapter: PlatformAdapter = {
     }
     const tweetContainer = tweetSelection.container;
 
-    const tweetTextEl = tweetContainer.querySelector(TWEET_TEXT_SELECTOR);
+    const tweetTextEl = findTweetTextElement(tweetContainer);
     if (!tweetTextEl) {
       return {
         kind: "not_ready",
@@ -332,34 +298,20 @@ export const xAdapter: PlatformAdapter = {
       };
     }
 
-    const contentText = normalizeContent(tweetTextEl.textContent);
-    const extractedContent = extractContentWithImageOccurrencesFromRoot(
-      tweetContainer,
-      window.location.origin,
-      '[data-testid="tweetPhoto"] img, [data-testid="card.wrapper"] img, img[src*="twimg.com/media"]',
-    );
-    // Tweet media attachments live outside tweetText on X; keep text scoped to
-    // tweetText and attach images at the end of that text stream.
-    const imageOccurrences = extractedContent.imageOccurrences.map((occurrence, originalIndex) => ({
-      ...occurrence,
-      originalIndex,
+    // Tweet media sit outside the tweet text; text stays scoped to the tweet
+    // text and images are attached at the end of it.
+    const contentText = buildDomTextIndex(tweetTextEl, { exclude: excludeNothing() }).text;
+    const imageOccurrences = detachedImageOccurrences(tweetContainer, {
+      imageSelector: TWEET_IMAGE_SELECTOR,
+      baseUrl: window.location.origin,
       normalizedTextOffset: contentText.length,
-    }));
+    });
     const authorDisplayName = normalizeContent(
       tweetContainer.querySelector('[data-testid="User-Name"]')?.textContent ?? "",
     );
 
-    // Extract images separately from video detection so image posts are investigated.
-    const imageUrls = extractedContent.imageUrls;
-
-    const hasVideo =
-      tweetContainer.querySelector(
-        '[data-testid="videoPlayer"], [data-testid="videoPlayer"] video, [data-testid="card.wrapper"] video',
-      ) !== null;
-    const mediaState = hasVideo ? "has_video" : imageUrls.length > 0 ? "has_images" : "text_only";
-
     const authorHandle =
-      statusFromUrl.authorHandle ?? inferAuthorHandle(document, tweetContainer, tweetId);
+      status.authorHandle ?? inferAuthorHandle(document, tweetContainer, status.tweetId);
     if (authorHandle === null || authorHandle.length === 0) {
       return {
         kind: "not_ready",
@@ -372,17 +324,16 @@ export const xAdapter: PlatformAdapter = {
       kind: "ready",
       content: {
         platform: "X",
-        externalId: tweetId,
+        externalId: xExternalIdSchema.parse(status.tweetId),
         url,
         contentText,
-        mediaState,
-        imageUrls,
+        hasVideo: tweetContainer.querySelector(TWEET_VIDEO_SELECTOR) !== null,
         imageOccurrences,
         metadata: {
           authorHandle,
           authorDisplayName: authorDisplayName.length > 0 ? authorDisplayName : null,
           text: contentText,
-          mediaUrls: imageUrls,
+          mediaUrls: observedImageUrlsFromOccurrences(imageOccurrences),
           ...(postedAt === null ? {} : { postedAt }),
         },
       },
@@ -390,11 +341,12 @@ export const xAdapter: PlatformAdapter = {
   },
 
   getContentRoot(document: Document): Element | null {
-    const statusFromUrl = parseStatusFromUrl(window.location.href);
-    if (!statusFromUrl) return null;
-    const tweetSelection = pickTargetTweetContainer(document, statusFromUrl.tweetId);
+    const status = xLocator(window.location.href);
+    if (!status) return null;
+    const tweetSelection = pickTargetTweetContainer(document, status);
     if (tweetSelection.kind !== "ready") return null;
-    const tweetContainer = tweetSelection.container;
-    return tweetContainer.querySelector(TWEET_TEXT_SELECTOR);
+    return findTweetTextElement(tweetSelection.container);
   },
+
+  contentExclusionFilter: excludeNothing,
 };
diff --git a/src/typescript/extension/src/content/annotation-dom.ts b/src/typescript/extension/src/content/annotation-dom.ts
index 46cb3a8..0855b40 100644
--- a/src/typescript/extension/src/content/annotation-dom.ts
+++ b/src/typescript/extension/src/content/annotation-dom.ts
@@ -1,3 +1,28 @@
 export const ANNOTATION_CLASS = "openerrata-annotation";
 export const ANNOTATION_SELECTOR = `.${ANNOTATION_CLASS}`;
 export const ANNOTATION_CLAIM_ID_ATTRIBUTE = "data-openerrata-claim-id";
+
+/** Replace each OpenErrata highlight mark under `root` by its children. */
+export function unwrapAnnotationMarks(root: ParentNode): void {
+  for (const mark of Array.from(root.querySelectorAll(ANNOTATION_SELECTOR))) {
+    mark.replaceWith(...Array.from(mark.childNodes));
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * A detached copy of `root` without OpenErrata highlight marks. Every page
+ * HTML snapshot that leaves the page must be taken from one: the extension's
+ * own marks are not page content.
+ */
+export function cloneWithoutAnnotations(root: Element): Element {
+  const clone = root.cloneNode(true);
+  if (!isElementNode(clone)) {
+    throw new Error("cloneNode(true) on an Element did not return an Element");
+  }
+  unwrapAnnotationMarks(clone);
+  return clone;
+}
+
+function isElementNode(node: Node): node is Element {
+  return node.nodeType === 1;
+}
diff --git a/src/typescript/extension/src/content/annotation-lifecycle.ts b/src/typescript/extension/src/content/annotation-lifecycle.ts
index 4fafaa0..581faef 100644
--- a/src/typescript/extension/src/content/annotation-lifecycle.ts
+++ b/src/typescript/extension/src/content/annotation-lifecycle.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
-import type { InvestigationClaim, ViewPostOutput } from "@openerrata/shared";
-import type { ParsedExtensionPageStatus } from "./sync";
+import type { ExtensionPostStatus, InvestigationClaim } from "@openerrata/shared";
 
 export function areClaimsEqual(left: InvestigationClaim[], right: InvestigationClaim[]): boolean {
   if (left.length !== right.length) return false;
@@ -35,29 +34,22 @@ export function areClaimsEqual(left: InvestigationClaim[], right: InvestigationC
   return true;
 }
 
-export function extractDisplayClaimsFromViewPost(viewPost: ViewPostOutput): InvestigationClaim[] {
-  if (viewPost.investigationState === "INVESTIGATED") {
-    return viewPost.claims;
+/**
+ * Claims to highlight for a post status: the investigation's own claims once
+ * it is complete; while the current version is not (yet) investigated, the
+ * claims the API carried forward from another version because the text they
+ * correct is still on the page (spec §2.8 "Interim carry-forward"); nothing
+ * when there is no usable result.
+ */
+export function displayClaimsForStatus(status: ExtensionPostStatus): InvestigationClaim[] {
+  switch (status.investigationState) {
+    case "INVESTIGATED":
+      return status.claims;
+    case "INVESTIGATING":
+    case "NOT_INVESTIGATED":
+      return status.priorInvestigationResult?.oldClaims ?? [];
+    case "FAILED":
+    case "API_ERROR":
+      return [];
   }
-  if (viewPost.priorInvestigationResult !== null) {
-    return viewPost.priorInvestigationResult.oldClaims;
-  }
-  return [];
-}
-
-export function extractDisplayClaimsFromStatus(
-  status: ParsedExtensionPageStatus,
-): InvestigationClaim[] | null {
-  if (status.kind !== "POST") return null;
-  if (status.investigationState === "INVESTIGATED") {
-    return status.claims;
-  }
-  if (
-    (status.investigationState === "INVESTIGATING" ||
-      status.investigationState === "NOT_INVESTIGATED") &&
-    status.priorInvestigationResult !== null
-  ) {
-    return status.priorInvestigationResult.oldClaims;
-  }
-  return null;
 }
diff --git a/src/typescript/extension/src/content/annotations.ts b/src/typescript/extension/src/content/annotations.ts
index c55dd36..35ee5fa 100644
--- a/src/typescript/extension/src/content/annotations.ts
+++ b/src/typescript/extension/src/content/annotations.ts
@@ -1,12 +1,23 @@
 import type { InvestigationClaim } from "@openerrata/shared";
-import { renderAnnotations, clearAnnotations } from "./annotator";
 import type { PlatformAdapter } from "./adapters/index";
+import { ANNOTATION_CLAIM_ID_ATTRIBUTE } from "./annotation-dom";
+import {
+  dismissAnnotationOverlays,
+  unwrapPieces,
+  unwrapUntrackedMarks,
+  wrapAnnotations,
+  type WrappedPiece,
+} from "./annotator";
+import { areClaimsEqual } from "./annotation-lifecycle";
+import { contentTextIndexOf } from "./content-text";
 import { mapClaimsToDom } from "./dom-mapper";
-import { ANNOTATION_SELECTOR } from "./annotation-dom";
+import type { DomTextPiece } from "./dom-text-index";
 
+/** The claims highlighted on the page, and whether highlights are shown. */
 export class AnnotationController {
   #visible = true;
   #claims: InvestigationClaim[] = [];
+  #rendered: WrappedPiece[] = [];
 
   isVisible(): boolean {
     return this.#visible;
@@ -16,13 +27,19 @@ export class AnnotationController {
     return this.#claims;
   }
 
-  setClaims(claims: InvestigationClaim[]): void {
+  /** Highlight `claims` in the adapter's content root (re-rendering only when they changed). */
+  showClaims(claims: InvestigationClaim[], adapter: PlatformAdapter): boolean {
+    if (areClaimsEqual(this.#claims, claims)) {
+      this.reapplyIfMissing(adapter);
+      return true;
+    }
     this.#claims = claims;
+    return this.render(adapter);
   }
 
   clearAll(): void {
     this.#claims = [];
-    clearAnnotations();
+    this.#unrender();
   }
 
   show(adapter: PlatformAdapter | null): void {
@@ -33,33 +50,53 @@ export class AnnotationController {
 
   hide(): void {
     this.#visible = false;
-    clearAnnotations();
+    this.#unrender();
   }
 
+  /** Re-render all highlights; false when the content root is not in the DOM. */
   render(adapter: PlatformAdapter): boolean {
+    this.#unrender();
     if (!this.#visible || this.#claims.length === 0) {
-      clearAnnotations();
       return true;
     }
 
-    const root = adapter.getContentRoot(document);
-    if (!root) return false;
-
-    clearAnnotations();
-    const shouldExclude = adapter.buildMatchingFilter?.(root);
-    const annotations = mapClaimsToDom(this.#claims, root, {
-      shouldExcludeElement: shouldExclude,
-    });
-    renderAnnotations(annotations, shouldExclude);
+    // Highlights are removed first so the text index sees the page's own nodes.
+    const textIndex = contentTextIndexOf(adapter, document);
+    if (textIndex === null) return false;
+    this.#rendered = wrapAnnotations(mapClaimsToDom(this.#claims, textIndex));
     return true;
   }
 
+  /** Re-render when the page threw our highlights away (e.g. a React re-render). */
   reapplyIfMissing(adapter: PlatformAdapter): void {
     if (!this.#visible || this.#claims.length === 0) return;
-
-    const root = adapter.getContentRoot(document);
-    if (!root) return;
-    if (root.querySelector(ANNOTATION_SELECTOR)) return;
+    if (this.#rendered.some((piece) => piece.mark.isConnected)) return;
     this.render(adapter);
   }
+
+  /** The first rendered highlight of a claim, if it is on the page. */
+  renderedAnchorFor(claimId: string): HTMLElement | null {
+    return (
+      this.#rendered.find(
+        (piece) =>
+          piece.mark.isConnected &&
+          piece.mark.getAttribute(ANNOTATION_CLAIM_ID_ATTRIBUTE) === claimId,
+      )?.mark ?? null
+    );
+  }
+
+  /** Where a claim is in the page right now, matched with high confidence only. */
+  locateClaim(claim: InvestigationClaim, adapter: PlatformAdapter): DomTextPiece[] | null {
+    const textIndex = contentTextIndexOf(adapter, document);
+    if (textIndex === null) return null;
+    const [annotation] = mapClaimsToDom([claim], textIndex, { allowFuzzy: false });
+    return annotation?.matched === true ? annotation.pieces : null;
+  }
+
+  #unrender(): void {
+    unwrapPieces(this.#rendered);
+    this.#rendered = [];
+    unwrapUntrackedMarks();
+    dismissAnnotationOverlays();
+  }
 }
diff --git a/src/typescript/extension/src/content/annotator.ts b/src/typescript/extension/src/content/annotator.ts
index 9c8f749..421121e 100644
--- a/src/typescript/extension/src/content/annotator.ts
+++ b/src/typescript/extension/src/content/annotator.ts
@@ -1,10 +1,11 @@
 import type { InvestigationClaim } from "@openerrata/shared";
 import type { DomAnnotation } from "./dom-mapper";
+import type { DomTextPiece } from "./dom-text-index";
 import { renderClaimReasoningHtml, toSafeSourceUrl } from "./claim-markdown";
 import {
   ANNOTATION_CLAIM_ID_ATTRIBUTE,
   ANNOTATION_CLASS,
-  ANNOTATION_SELECTOR,
+  unwrapAnnotationMarks,
 } from "./annotation-dom";
 
 const TOOLTIP_MARGIN_PX = 12;
@@ -32,80 +33,83 @@ function dismissDetailPanel(): void {
 // ── Public API ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
 
 /**
- * Render annotations by wrapping matched DOM ranges in highlight marks
- * and attaching tooltip / click behaviour. When `shouldExcludeElement` is
- * provided, text nodes inside excluded elements are not wrapped — keeping
- * annotation marks out of citation superscripts and other server-stripped
- * content.
+ * One highlighted text-node piece and how to undo it. Pages like X and
+ * LessWrong are React apps that keep references to their text nodes, so a
+ * highlight must leave the page's own node (`original`) in place and, when
+ * removed, merge back exactly the nodes our wrapping split off it — never
+ * `normalize()` neighbouring text nodes the page owns.
  */
-export function renderAnnotations(
-  annotations: DomAnnotation[],
-  shouldExcludeElement?: (element: Element) => boolean,
-): void {
+export interface WrappedPiece {
+  mark: HTMLElement;
+  /** The page's text node; it keeps the text before the highlight (or is the highlighted node). */
+  original: Text;
+  /** The highlighted text, inside `mark`. Equal to `original` when the highlight starts at offset 0. */
+  wrapped: Text;
+  /** Text split off after the highlight, if any. */
+  trailing: Text | null;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Wrap every matched claim piece in a highlight mark with tooltip / click
+ * behaviour. Returns the wrapped pieces in wrapping order (for `unwrapPieces`).
+ * Pieces of one text node are wrapped back to front so earlier offsets stay
+ * valid; a piece overlapping one already wrapped (two claims quoting the same
+ * text) is skipped.
+ */
+export function wrapAnnotations(annotations: readonly DomAnnotation[]): WrappedPiece[] {
+  const piecesByNode = new Map<Text, { piece: DomTextPiece; claim: InvestigationClaim }[]>();
   for (const annotation of annotations) {
-    if (!annotation.matched || !annotation.range) continue;
-
-    if (shouldExcludeElement) {
-      // Single-text-node ranges can't contain excluded elements: the range
-      // was built from filtered text that skips excluded subtrees, so both
-      // endpoints land in non-excluded text nodes. surroundContents is safe
-      // and avoids the TreeWalker path, which can't visit its root node
-      // (a Text node has no descendants for nextNode() to reach).
-      const { startContainer, endContainer } = annotation.range;
-      if (startContainer === endContainer && startContainer instanceof Text) {
-        try {
-          const mark = createMarkElement(annotation.claim);
-          annotation.range.surroundContents(mark);
-          attachInteractions(mark, annotation.claim);
-          continue;
-        } catch {
-          // Fall through to fragment path if surroundContents fails
-        }
-      }
-      // Multi-node ranges may span excluded elements — use fragment-based
-      // rendering so we can skip text nodes inside excluded subtrees.
-      highlightFragments(annotation.range, annotation.claim, shouldExcludeElement);
-      continue;
+    if (!annotation.matched) continue;
+    for (const piece of annotation.pieces) {
+      const nodePieces = piecesByNode.get(piece.node) ?? [];
+      nodePieces.push({ piece, claim: annotation.claim });
+      piecesByNode.set(piece.node, nodePieces);
     }
+  }
 
-    try {
-      // Try the simple path: surroundContents works when the range is
-      // contained entirely within a single DOM element.
-      const mark = createMarkElement(annotation.claim);
-      annotation.range.surroundContents(mark);
-      attachInteractions(mark, annotation.claim);
-    } catch {
-      // surroundContents throws when the range crosses element
-      // boundaries.  Fall back to highlighting individual text-node
-      // fragments.
-      highlightFragments(annotation.range, annotation.claim);
+  const wrapped: WrappedPiece[] = [];
+  for (const [node, nodePieces] of piecesByNode) {
+    nodePieces.sort((left, right) => right.piece.start - left.piece.start);
+    let wrappedFrom = node.length;
+    for (const { piece, claim } of nodePieces) {
+      if (piece.end > wrappedFrom) continue;
+      wrapped.push(wrapPiece(node, piece.start, piece.end, claim));
+      wrappedFrom = piece.start;
     }
   }
+  return wrapped;
 }
 
-/**
- * Remove every annotation and tooltip previously injected by OpenErrata.
- */
-export function clearAnnotations(): void {
-  // Unwrap <mark> elements, restoring their text-node children
-  document.querySelectorAll(ANNOTATION_SELECTOR).forEach((mark) => {
-    const parent = mark.parentNode;
-    if (!parent) return;
-    while (mark.firstChild) {
-      parent.insertBefore(mark.firstChild, mark);
+/** Undo `wrapAnnotations`, restoring the page's text nodes. */
+export function unwrapPieces(pieces: readonly WrappedPiece[]): void {
+  for (const piece of [...pieces].reverse()) {
+    piece.mark.replaceWith(piece.wrapped);
+    if (piece.wrapped !== piece.original && piece.wrapped.previousSibling === piece.original) {
+      piece.original.appendData(piece.wrapped.data);
+      piece.wrapped.remove();
     }
-    parent.removeChild(mark);
-    parent.normalize(); // merge adjacent text nodes
-  });
+    if (piece.trailing?.previousSibling === piece.original) {
+      piece.original.appendData(piece.trailing.data);
+      piece.trailing.remove();
+    }
+  }
+}
 
-  dismissDetailPanel();
+/** Remove highlight marks this controller does not track (e.g. left by an orphaned script). */
+export function unwrapUntrackedMarks(): void {
+  unwrapAnnotationMarks(document);
+}
 
-  // Remove lingering tooltip and detail-panel elements
+/** Close any open tooltip or detail panel. */
+export function dismissAnnotationOverlays(): void {
+  dismissDetailPanel();
   document
     .querySelectorAll(
       ".openerrata-tooltip, .openerrata-detail-panel, .openerrata-detail-panel-backdrop",
     )
-    .forEach((el) => el.remove());
+    .forEach((el) => {
+      el.remove();
+    });
 }
 
 /**
@@ -233,6 +237,21 @@ function showDetailPanel(claim: InvestigationClaim, anchor: HTMLElement | null =
 }
 // ── Internal helpers ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────
 
+function wrapPiece(
+  node: Text,
+  start: number,
+  end: number,
+  claim: InvestigationClaim,
+): WrappedPiece {
+  const trailing = end < node.length ? node.splitText(end) : null;
+  const wrapped = start > 0 ? node.splitText(start) : node;
+  const mark = createMarkElement(claim);
+  wrapped.before(mark);
+  mark.appendChild(wrapped);
+  attachInteractions(mark, claim);
+  return { mark, original: node, wrapped, trailing };
+}
+
 function createMarkElement(claim: InvestigationClaim): HTMLElement {
   const mark = document.createElement("mark");
   mark.className = ANNOTATION_CLASS;
@@ -403,76 +422,3 @@ function positionTooltip(tip: HTMLDivElement, anchor: HTMLElement): void {
   tip.style.top = `${Math.round(top).toString()}px`;
   tip.style.left = `${Math.round(left).toString()}px`;
 }
-
-/**
- * Check whether a node is inside an excluded element by walking up the
- * DOM tree to `boundary`. Returns true if any ancestor (exclusive of
- * `boundary`) matches the exclusion predicate.
- */
-function isInsideExcludedElement(
-  node: Node,
-  shouldExclude: (element: Element) => boolean,
-  boundary: Node,
-): boolean {
-  let cursor: Node | null = node.parentNode;
-  while (cursor && cursor !== boundary) {
-    if (cursor instanceof Element && shouldExclude(cursor)) return true;
-    cursor = cursor.parentNode;
-  }
-  return false;
-}
-
-/**
- * Fallback for cross-element ranges: extract the text nodes covered by
- * the range and wrap each individually. When `shouldExcludeElement` is
- * provided, text nodes inside excluded elements are skipped so that
- * annotation marks don't wrap server-stripped content like citation
- * superscripts.
- */
-function highlightFragments(
-  range: Range,
-  claim: InvestigationClaim,
-  shouldExcludeElement?: (element: Element) => boolean,
-): void {
-  const textNodes: Text[] = [];
-  const ancestor = range.commonAncestorContainer;
-  const walker = document.createTreeWalker(ancestor, NodeFilter.SHOW_TEXT);
-
-  while (walker.nextNode()) {
-    const current = walker.currentNode;
-    if (!(current instanceof Text)) continue;
-    const node = current;
-    if (!range.intersectsNode(node)) continue;
-    if (shouldExcludeElement && isInsideExcludedElement(node, shouldExcludeElement, ancestor)) {
-      continue;
-    }
-    textNodes.push(node);
-  }
-
-  for (const textNode of textNodes) {
-    const nodeRange = document.createRange();
-
-    // Clamp to the portion of this text node that falls within the range
-    if (textNode === range.startContainer) {
-      nodeRange.setStart(textNode, range.startOffset);
-    } else {
-      nodeRange.setStart(textNode, 0);
-    }
-
-    if (textNode === range.endContainer) {
-      nodeRange.setEnd(textNode, range.endOffset);
-    } else {
-      nodeRange.setEnd(textNode, textNode.length);
-    }
-
-    if (nodeRange.toString().length === 0) continue;
-
-    try {
-      const mark = createMarkElement(claim);
-      nodeRange.surroundContents(mark);
-      attachInteractions(mark, claim);
-    } catch {
-      // If individual wrapping still fails, skip this fragment
-    }
-  }
-}
diff --git a/src/typescript/extension/src/content/bootstrap.ts b/src/typescript/extension/src/content/bootstrap.ts
index 239d421..3a7639f 100644
--- a/src/typescript/extension/src/content/bootstrap.ts
+++ b/src/typescript/extension/src/content/bootstrap.ts
@@ -1,24 +1,25 @@
 export interface OpenErrataControllerLifecycle {
   boot(): void;
-  dispose(): void;
 }
 
 export interface OpenErrataBootstrapTarget<TController extends OpenErrataControllerLifecycle> {
   __openerrata_controller?: TController;
 }
 
-export function bootOpenErrataController<TController extends OpenErrataControllerLifecycle>(
+/**
+ * Boot one controller per page. Injection is idempotent: every copy of the
+ * content script injected by this extension instance shares the isolated
+ * world's `window`, so a later copy finds the live controller and leaves it
+ * in place — never a second controller (and listener) for the same page.
+ */
+export function bootOpenErrataControllerOnce<TController extends OpenErrataControllerLifecycle>(
   target: OpenErrataBootstrapTarget<TController>,
   createController: () => TController,
 ): TController {
-  if (target.__openerrata_controller) {
-    try {
-      target.__openerrata_controller.dispose();
-    } catch (error: unknown) {
-      console.debug("Failed to dispose previous OpenErrata controller before boot", error);
-    }
+  const existing = target.__openerrata_controller;
+  if (existing !== undefined) {
+    return existing;
   }
-
   const controller = createController();
   target.__openerrata_controller = controller;
   controller.boot();
diff --git a/src/typescript/extension/src/content/claim-markdown.ts b/src/typescript/extension/src/content/claim-markdown.ts
index 25b87f1..3ca19db 100644
--- a/src/typescript/extension/src/content/claim-markdown.ts
+++ b/src/typescript/extension/src/content/claim-markdown.ts
@@ -3,15 +3,54 @@ import DOMPurify from "dompurify";
 
 const SAFE_SOURCE_PROTOCOLS = new Set(["http:", "https:"]);
 
+// Claim reasoning is LLM output, and a post's author can steer it (prompt
+// injection), so it must not be able to make the reader's browser fetch
+// anything: no images, and only text-formatting tags survive sanitization.
+// Links stay, but only load when the reader clicks them.
 const markdownRenderer = new MarkdownIt({
   html: false,
   linkify: true,
   breaks: true,
-});
+}).disable("image");
+
+const ALLOWED_REASONING_TAGS = [
+  "a",
+  "p",
+  "br",
+  "strong",
+  "em",
+  "b",
+  "i",
+  "s",
+  "del",
+  "code",
+  "pre",
+  "blockquote",
+  "ul",
+  "ol",
+  "li",
+  "h1",
+  "h2",
+  "h3",
+  "h4",
+  "h5",
+  "h6",
+  "hr",
+  "table",
+  "thead",
+  "tbody",
+  "tr",
+  "th",
+  "td",
+];
 
 export function renderClaimReasoningHtml(markdown: string): string {
   const rawHtml = markdownRenderer.render(markdown);
-  const sanitizedHtml = DOMPurify.sanitize(rawHtml);
+  const sanitizedHtml = DOMPurify.sanitize(rawHtml, {
+    ALLOWED_TAGS: ALLOWED_REASONING_TAGS,
+    ALLOWED_ATTR: ["href"],
+    ALLOW_DATA_ATTR: false,
+  });
   const template = document.createElement("template");
   template.innerHTML = sanitizedHtml;
 
diff --git a/src/typescript/extension/src/content/content-text.ts b/src/typescript/extension/src/content/content-text.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a30305f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/typescript/extension/src/content/content-text.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+import type { PlatformAdapter } from "./adapters/index.js";
+import { buildDomTextIndex, type DomTextIndex } from "./dom-text-index.js";
+
+/**
+ * The text index of the adapter's content root as it is in the DOM now, or
+ * null while the root is absent. Built exactly as adapters build the content
+ * text they report, so it can be compared with that text and claims located
+ * in it.
+ */
+export function contentTextIndexOf(
+  adapter: PlatformAdapter,
+  document: Document,
+): DomTextIndex | null {
+  const root = adapter.getContentRoot(document);
+  if (root === null) return null;
+  return buildDomTextIndex(root, { exclude: adapter.contentExclusionFilter(root) });
+}
diff --git a/src/typescript/extension/src/content/control-message-handler.ts b/src/typescript/extension/src/content/control-message-handler.ts
deleted file mode 100644
index a515f7c..0000000
--- a/src/typescript/extension/src/content/control-message-handler.ts
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,44 +0,0 @@
-import { contentControlMessageSchema } from "@openerrata/shared";
-import { unsupportedProtocolVersionResponse } from "../lib/protocol-version.js";
-
-interface ContentControlController {
-  requestInvestigation: () => unknown;
-  showAnnotations: () => unknown;
-  hideAnnotations: () => unknown;
-  getAnnotationVisibility: () => unknown;
-  focusClaim: (claimId: string) => unknown;
-}
-
-export function handleContentControlMessage(
-  controller: ContentControlController,
-  message: unknown,
-): Promise<unknown> | false {
-  const protocolError = unsupportedProtocolVersionResponse(message);
-  if (protocolError) {
-    return Promise.resolve(protocolError);
-  }
-
-  const parsedMessage = contentControlMessageSchema.safeParse(message);
-  if (!parsedMessage.success) return false;
-  const controlMessage = parsedMessage.data;
-  const result = (() => {
-    switch (controlMessage.type) {
-      case "REQUEST_INVESTIGATE":
-        return controller.requestInvestigation();
-      case "SHOW_ANNOTATIONS":
-        return controller.showAnnotations();
-      case "HIDE_ANNOTATIONS":
-        return controller.hideAnnotations();
-      case "GET_ANNOTATION_VISIBILITY":
-        return controller.getAnnotationVisibility();
-      case "FOCUS_CLAIM":
-        return controller.focusClaim(controlMessage.payload.claimId);
-      default: {
-        const unreachable: never = controlMessage;
-        return unreachable;
-      }
-    }
-  })();
-
-  return Promise.resolve(result);
-}
diff --git a/src/typescript/extension/src/content/dom-mapper.ts b/src/typescript/extension/src/content/dom-mapper.ts
index 4207515..1dd4052 100644
--- a/src/typescript/extension/src/content/dom-mapper.ts
+++ b/src/typescript/extension/src/content/dom-mapper.ts
@@ -1,37 +1,21 @@
-import {
-  normalizeContent,
-  TYPOGRAPHIC_CHAR_MAP,
-  ZERO_WIDTH_CHAR_REGEX,
-  type InvestigationClaim,
-} from "@openerrata/shared";
-
-// ── Public types ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
-
-export interface DomAnnotation {
-  claim: InvestigationClaim;
-  range: Range | null;
-  matched: boolean;
-}
+import { normalizeContent, type InvestigationClaim } from "@openerrata/shared";
+import type { DomTextIndex, DomTextPiece } from "./dom-text-index.js";
+
+/**
+ * Where a claim sits in the page: the text-node pieces covering it, in
+ * document order. An unmatched claim has no pieces (spec §2.4.1 "Match
+ * failure": shown in the popup, not annotated inline).
+ */
+export type DomAnnotation =
+  | { claim: InvestigationClaim; matched: true; pieces: DomTextPiece[] }
+  | { claim: InvestigationClaim; matched: false };
 
 interface MapClaimsToDomOptions {
-  allowFuzzy?: boolean;
   /**
-   * When provided, elements matching this predicate (and their entire subtrees)
-   * are excluded from both text extraction and Range creation. This keeps DOM
-   * mapper text consistent with server-side content that may strip certain
-   * elements (e.g. Wikipedia citation superscripts).
+   * Allow approximate matches (first of several occurrences, then Levenshtein).
+   * Off when only a high-confidence position is useful (e.g. scrolling to a claim).
    */
-  shouldExcludeElement?: ((element: Element) => boolean) | undefined;
-}
-
-interface NormalizedTextIndex {
-  normalized: string;
-  normalizedToRaw: number[];
-}
-
-interface CodePointWithRawIndex {
-  value: string;
-  rawIndex: number;
+  allowFuzzy?: boolean;
 }
 
 /**
@@ -44,67 +28,12 @@ interface CodePointWithRawIndex {
  */
 const FUZZY_HAYSTACK_LIMIT = 15_000;
 
-// ── Filtered DOM traversal ────────────────────────────────────────────────
-
-/**
- * Create a TreeWalker that visits only Text nodes, optionally skipping
- * elements (and their entire subtrees) that match `shouldExclude`.
- *
- * Both `extractFilteredText` and `createRangeFromTextOffset` need walkers
- * with identical filtering behavior so that character offsets from text
- * extraction correspond exactly to the text nodes the Range walker visits.
- * Centralizing the filter here prevents the two from drifting apart.
- */
-function createTextWalker(
-  root: Element,
-  shouldExclude?: (element: Element) => boolean,
-): TreeWalker {
-  if (!shouldExclude) {
-    return document.createTreeWalker(root, NodeFilter.SHOW_TEXT);
-  }
-
-  return document.createTreeWalker(root, NodeFilter.SHOW_ALL, {
-    acceptNode(node: Node): number {
-      if (node instanceof Element && shouldExclude(node)) {
-        return NodeFilter.FILTER_REJECT;
-      }
-      if (node instanceof Text) {
-        return NodeFilter.FILTER_ACCEPT;
-      }
-      return NodeFilter.FILTER_SKIP;
-    },
-  });
-}
+// ── Main mapper (spec §2.4.1 – tiered matching) ──────────────────────────
 
 /**
- * Extract text content from `root`, skipping excluded element subtrees.
- * The resulting string's character offsets align with the text nodes visited
- * by `createTextWalker(root, shouldExclude)`, which is what
- * `createRangeFromTextOffset` uses to build Ranges.
- *
- * Exported for invariant testing: the filtered text from the live DOM must
- * match the adapter's extracted `contentText` after normalization.
- */
-export function extractFilteredText(
-  root: Element,
-  shouldExclude: (element: Element) => boolean,
-): string {
-  const walker = createTextWalker(root, shouldExclude);
-  const parts: string[] = [];
-  while (walker.nextNode()) {
-    const node = walker.currentNode;
-    if (node instanceof Text && node.data.length > 0) {
-      parts.push(node.data);
-    }
-  }
-  return parts.join("");
-}
-
-// ── Main mapper (spec §2.8 – tiered matching) ────────────────────────────
-
-/**
- * Map each claim to a DOM `Range` inside `root` using a tiered strategy
- * (spec §2.4.1):
+ * Map each claim to the page text it quotes, using a tiered strategy over the
+ * content text index — the same normalized text (block separators included)
+ * the API and the LLM saw:
  *
  * 1. **Exact unique substring** — single occurrence in the content text.
  * 2. **Context-scoped** — locate `claim.context`, then find `claim.text`
@@ -114,107 +43,62 @@ export function extractFilteredText(
  *
  * When `allowFuzzy` is true (default), a **first occurrence** fallback runs
  * before the expensive fuzzy search: if the text exists but isn't unique and
- * context disambiguation failed, the first occurrence is used. This tier is
- * skipped when `allowFuzzy` is false so that only high-confidence matches
- * (unique or context-disambiguated) are returned.
+ * context disambiguation failed, the first occurrence is used.
  */
 export function mapClaimsToDom(
   claims: InvestigationClaim[],
-  root: Element,
+  textIndex: DomTextIndex,
   options: MapClaimsToDomOptions = {},
 ): DomAnnotation[] {
   const allowFuzzy = options.allowFuzzy ?? true;
-  const shouldExclude = options.shouldExcludeElement;
-  const fullText = shouldExclude ? extractFilteredText(root, shouldExclude) : root.textContent;
-  const t0 = performance.now();
-  const fullTextIndex = buildNormalizedTextIndex(fullText);
-  const normalizedFullText = fullTextIndex.normalized;
-  const indexMs = performance.now() - t0;
-  if (indexMs > 50) {
-    console.warn(
-      `[openerrata] buildNormalizedTextIndex took ${indexMs.toFixed(1)}ms ` +
-        `(${fullText.length} raw chars → ${normalizedFullText.length} normalized chars)`,
-    );
-  }
-
-  /** Create a Range from a raw-text span, respecting the element exclusion filter. */
-  const createRange = (offset: number, length: number): Range | null =>
-    createRangeFromTextOffset(root, offset, length, shouldExclude);
+  const fullText = textIndex.text;
+
+  const matchAt = (
+    claim: InvestigationClaim,
+    offset: number,
+    length: number,
+  ): DomAnnotation | null => {
+    const pieces = textIndex.piecesFor(offset, offset + length);
+    return pieces.length === 0 ? null : { claim, matched: true, pieces };
+  };
 
-  return claims.map((claim) => {
-    const normalizedClaimText = normalizeContent(claim.text);
-    const normalizedContext = normalizeContent(claim.context);
-    if (normalizedClaimText.length === 0) {
-      return { claim, range: null, matched: false };
+  return claims.map((claim): DomAnnotation => {
+    const claimText = normalizeContent(claim.text);
+    const context = normalizeContent(claim.context);
+    if (claimText.length === 0) {
+      return { claim, matched: false };
     }
 
     // ── Tier 1: exact unique substring ───────────────────────────────────
-    const exactOffset = findUniqueExactMatch(normalizedFullText, normalizedClaimText);
+    const exactOffset = findUniqueExactMatch(fullText, claimText);
     if (exactOffset !== null) {
-      const mappedSpan = mapNormalizedSpanToRaw(
-        fullTextIndex,
-        exactOffset,
-        normalizedClaimText.length,
-      );
-      if (mappedSpan) {
-        const range = createRange(mappedSpan.offset, mappedSpan.length);
-        if (range) return { claim, range, matched: true };
-      }
+      const match = matchAt(claim, exactOffset, claimText.length);
+      if (match) return match;
     }
 
     // ── Tier 2: context-scoped search ────────────────────────────────────
-    if (normalizedContext.length > 0) {
-      const contextIdx = normalizedFullText.indexOf(normalizedContext);
-      if (contextIdx !== -1) {
-        const relIdx = normalizedContext.indexOf(normalizedClaimText);
-        if (relIdx !== -1) {
-          const mappedSpan = mapNormalizedSpanToRaw(
-            fullTextIndex,
-            contextIdx + relIdx,
-            normalizedClaimText.length,
-          );
-          if (mappedSpan) {
-            const range = createRange(mappedSpan.offset, mappedSpan.length);
-            if (range) return { claim, range, matched: true };
-          }
-        }
+    if (context.length > 0) {
+      const contextIdx = fullText.indexOf(context);
+      const relIdx = context.indexOf(claimText);
+      if (contextIdx !== -1 && relIdx !== -1) {
+        const match = matchAt(claim, contextIdx + relIdx, claimText.length);
+        if (match) return match;
       }
     }
 
-    // ── Approximate matching (only when allowFuzzy is true) ─────────────
-    // These tiers accept ambiguous or imprecise matches. When allowFuzzy is
-    // false the caller wants only high-confidence (unique or context-
-    // disambiguated) results, so both first-occurrence and Levenshtein are
-    // skipped.
     if (allowFuzzy) {
-      // First occurrence fallback — when claim text exists in the page but
-      // tier 1 rejected it (non-unique) and context disambiguation failed,
-      // use the first occurrence. O(n) and avoids the catastrophic O(n²)
-      // fuzzy search that would otherwise freeze the main thread.
-      const firstIdx = normalizedFullText.indexOf(normalizedClaimText);
+      // First occurrence fallback — O(n), and avoids the O(n²) fuzzy search
+      // when the text exists but is ambiguous.
+      const firstIdx = fullText.indexOf(claimText);
       if (firstIdx !== -1) {
-        const mappedSpan = mapNormalizedSpanToRaw(
-          fullTextIndex,
-          firstIdx,
-          normalizedClaimText.length,
-        );
-        if (mappedSpan) {
-          const range = createRange(mappedSpan.offset, mappedSpan.length);
-          if (range) return { claim, range, matched: true };
-        }
+        const match = matchAt(claim, firstIdx, claimText.length);
+        if (match) return match;
       }
 
-      // Fuzzy (Levenshtein sliding window) — on short pages, search the
-      // full text. On long pages, scope to a window around the context
-      // position to keep the O(n²) work bounded.
-      const fuzzyWindow = selectFuzzyWindow(
-        normalizedFullText,
-        normalizedContext,
-        normalizedClaimText.length,
-      );
+      const fuzzyWindow = selectFuzzyWindow(fullText, context, claimText.length);
       if (fuzzyWindow) {
         const fuzzyT0 = performance.now();
-        const fuzzyResult = fuzzyFind(fuzzyWindow.text, normalizedClaimText);
+        const fuzzyResult = fuzzyFind(fuzzyWindow.text, claimText);
         const fuzzyMs = performance.now() - fuzzyT0;
         if (fuzzyMs > 50) {
           console.warn(
@@ -222,21 +106,13 @@ export function mapClaimsToDom(
           );
         }
         if (fuzzyResult) {
-          const mappedSpan = mapNormalizedSpanToRaw(
-            fullTextIndex,
-            fuzzyWindow.offset + fuzzyResult.offset,
-            fuzzyResult.length,
-          );
-          if (mappedSpan) {
-            const range = createRange(mappedSpan.offset, mappedSpan.length);
-            if (range) return { claim, range, matched: true };
-          }
+          const match = matchAt(claim, fuzzyWindow.offset + fuzzyResult.offset, fuzzyResult.length);
+          if (match) return match;
         }
       }
     }
 
-    // No match at all
-    return { claim, range: null, matched: false };
+    return { claim, matched: false };
   });
 }
 
@@ -258,19 +134,16 @@ function selectFuzzyWindow(
     return { text: fullText, offset: 0 };
   }
 
-  // For long pages, we need context to narrow the search region.
   if (normalizedContext.length === 0) return null;
 
   const contextIdx = fullText.indexOf(normalizedContext);
   if (contextIdx === -1) return null;
 
-  // Center the window on the midpoint of the context span.
   const contextMid = contextIdx + Math.floor(normalizedContext.length / 2);
   const halfWindow = Math.floor(FUZZY_HAYSTACK_LIMIT / 2);
   const windowStart = Math.max(0, contextMid - halfWindow);
   const windowEnd = Math.min(fullText.length, windowStart + FUZZY_HAYSTACK_LIMIT);
 
-  // Ensure the window is at least large enough for the needle.
   if (windowEnd - windowStart < needleLength) return null;
 
   return {
@@ -279,146 +152,6 @@ function selectFuzzyWindow(
   };
 }
 
-function appendNormalizedSegment(
-  rawCodePoints: CodePointWithRawIndex[],
-  normalizedChars: string[],
-  normalizedToRaw: number[],
-): void {
-  if (rawCodePoints.length === 0) return;
-
-  const rawSegment = rawCodePoints.map((codePoint) => codePoint.value).join("");
-  const nfcCodePoints = Array.from(rawSegment.normalize("NFC"));
-
-  const rawNfdTokens: { token: string; rawIndex: number }[] = [];
-  for (const codePoint of rawCodePoints) {
-    for (const token of Array.from(codePoint.value.normalize("NFD"))) {
-      rawNfdTokens.push({ token, rawIndex: codePoint.rawIndex });
-    }
-  }
-
-  const nfcNfdTokens: string[] = [];
-  const nfcTokenStartByCodePoint: number[] = [];
-  for (const codePoint of nfcCodePoints) {
-    nfcTokenStartByCodePoint.push(nfcNfdTokens.length);
-    for (const token of Array.from(codePoint.normalize("NFD"))) {
-      nfcNfdTokens.push(token);
-    }
-  }
-
-  const tokensAligned =
-    rawNfdTokens.length === nfcNfdTokens.length &&
-    rawNfdTokens.every((token, index) => token.token === nfcNfdTokens[index]);
-
-  for (const [i, codePoint] of nfcCodePoints.entries()) {
-    if (ZERO_WIDTH_CHAR_REGEX.test(codePoint)) continue;
-
-    let mappedRawIndex: number;
-    if (tokensAligned) {
-      const nfcTokenStart = nfcTokenStartByCodePoint[i];
-      if (nfcTokenStart === undefined) {
-        throw new Error("Normalized token alignment index is out of bounds");
-      }
-      const rawNfdToken = rawNfdTokens[nfcTokenStart];
-      if (!rawNfdToken) {
-        throw new Error("Normalized token mapping is out of bounds");
-      }
-      mappedRawIndex = rawNfdToken.rawIndex;
-    } else {
-      const fallbackCodePoint = rawCodePoints[Math.min(i, rawCodePoints.length - 1)];
-      if (!fallbackCodePoint) {
-        throw new Error("Raw code point mapping is out of bounds");
-      }
-      mappedRawIndex = fallbackCodePoint.rawIndex;
-    }
-
-    // Apply typographic replacements (e.g. curly quotes → straight) so that
-    // the index-tracked normalized text matches normalizeContent() output.
-    const replaced = TYPOGRAPHIC_CHAR_MAP.get(codePoint) ?? codePoint;
-    for (let codeUnitIndex = 0; codeUnitIndex < replaced.length; codeUnitIndex += 1) {
-      // Index by UTF-16 code unit so normalizedToRaw aligns with string offsets.
-      normalizedChars.push(replaced.charAt(codeUnitIndex));
-      normalizedToRaw.push(mappedRawIndex);
-    }
-  }
-}
-
-/**
- * Exported for parity testing against `normalizeContent`. The invariant
- * `buildNormalizedTextIndex(text).normalized === normalizeContent(text)` must
- * hold for all inputs — any violation means the index-tracked normalizer has
- * drifted from the shared normalizer and claim matching will silently break.
- */
-export function buildNormalizedTextIndex(rawText: string): NormalizedTextIndex {
-  const normalizedChars: string[] = [];
-  const normalizedToRaw: number[] = [];
-  let pendingWhitespaceStart: number | null = null;
-  let segmentCodePoints: CodePointWithRawIndex[] = [];
-
-  const flushSegment = () => {
-    appendNormalizedSegment(segmentCodePoints, normalizedChars, normalizedToRaw);
-    segmentCodePoints = [];
-  };
-
-  for (let rawIndex = 0; rawIndex < rawText.length; ) {
-    const codePoint = rawText.codePointAt(rawIndex);
-    if (codePoint === undefined) break;
-    const char = String.fromCodePoint(codePoint);
-    const codeUnitLength = char.length;
-
-    // Strip zero-width characters before anything else. U+200B–U+200D and
-    // U+FEFF are not matched by \s, so without this guard they look like
-    // non-whitespace, cause pending whitespace to be emitted, and then
-    // get stripped in appendNormalizedSegment — leaving a spurious space.
-    if (ZERO_WIDTH_CHAR_REGEX.test(char)) {
-      rawIndex += codeUnitLength;
-      continue;
-    }
-
-    if (/\s/u.test(char)) {
-      flushSegment();
-      if (normalizedChars.length > 0 && pendingWhitespaceStart === null) {
-        pendingWhitespaceStart = rawIndex;
-      }
-      rawIndex += codeUnitLength;
-      continue;
-    }
-
-    if (pendingWhitespaceStart !== null) {
-      normalizedChars.push(" ");
-      normalizedToRaw.push(pendingWhitespaceStart);
-      pendingWhitespaceStart = null;
-    }
-
-    segmentCodePoints.push({ value: char, rawIndex });
-    rawIndex += codeUnitLength;
-  }
-
-  flushSegment();
-
-  return {
-    normalized: normalizedChars.join(""),
-    normalizedToRaw,
-  };
-}
-
-function mapNormalizedSpanToRaw(
-  textIndex: NormalizedTextIndex,
-  normalizedOffset: number,
-  normalizedLength: number,
-): { offset: number; length: number } | null {
-  if (normalizedLength <= 0) return null;
-
-  const normalizedEnd = normalizedOffset + normalizedLength - 1;
-  const rawStart = textIndex.normalizedToRaw[normalizedOffset];
-  const rawEnd = textIndex.normalizedToRaw[normalizedEnd];
-  if (rawStart === undefined || rawEnd === undefined) return null;
-
-  return {
-    offset: rawStart,
-    length: rawEnd - rawStart + 1,
-  };
-}
-
 function findUniqueExactMatch(haystack: string, needle: string): number | null {
   const firstIdx = haystack.indexOf(needle);
   if (firstIdx === -1) return null;
@@ -427,60 +160,6 @@ function findUniqueExactMatch(haystack: string, needle: string): number | null {
   return secondIdx === -1 ? firstIdx : null;
 }
 
-/**
- * Walk the text nodes under `root` and build a DOM `Range` that starts at
- * the given character `offset` (relative to the text extracted from `root`)
- * and spans `length` characters. When `shouldExclude` is provided, excluded
- * elements and their subtrees are skipped — keeping offsets consistent with
- * the text returned by `extractFilteredText`.
- */
-function createRangeFromTextOffset(
-  root: Element,
-  offset: number,
-  length: number,
-  shouldExclude?: (element: Element) => boolean,
-): Range | null {
-  const walker = createTextWalker(root, shouldExclude);
-  let charsSeen = 0;
-  let startNode: Text | null = null;
-  let startOffset = 0;
-  let endNode: Text | null = null;
-  let endOffset = 0;
-
-  while (walker.nextNode()) {
-    const node = walker.currentNode;
-    if (!(node instanceof Text)) continue;
-    const textNode = node;
-    const nodeLen = textNode.length;
-
-    // Find start node
-    if (!startNode && charsSeen + nodeLen > offset) {
-      startNode = textNode;
-      startOffset = offset - charsSeen;
-    }
-
-    // Find end node
-    if (startNode && charsSeen + nodeLen >= offset + length) {
-      endNode = textNode;
-      endOffset = offset + length - charsSeen;
-      break;
-    }
-
-    charsSeen += nodeLen;
-  }
-
-  if (!startNode || !endNode) return null;
-
-  try {
-    const range = document.createRange();
-    range.setStart(startNode, startOffset);
-    range.setEnd(endNode, endOffset);
-    return range;
-  } catch {
-    return null;
-  }
-}
-
 /**
  * Sliding-window fuzzy search using Levenshtein distance.
  * Returns the best-matching substring's offset and length, or null if the
diff --git a/src/typescript/extension/src/content/dom-text-index.ts b/src/typescript/extension/src/content/dom-text-index.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2926c44
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/typescript/extension/src/content/dom-text-index.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,184 @@
+import { NON_CONTENT_TAGS, WORD_SEPARATOR_TAGS } from "@openerrata/shared";
+import {
+  buildNormalizedTextIndex,
+  normalizedLengthBefore,
+  rawSpanOf,
+  type NormalizedTextIndex,
+} from "./normalized-text-index.js";
+
+/**
+ * The single text pipeline for page content (spec §3.8 "Content
+ * normalization"). Adapters derive `contentText` and image offsets from it, the
+ * claim mapper locates claims in it, and the mutation check compares against
+ * it — so the text claims are matched in is exactly the text the API and the
+ * LLM saw.
+ *
+ * Text is the root's text nodes in document order, skipping `NON_CONTENT_TAGS`
+ * and adapter-excluded subtrees, with a word separator at the entry and exit of
+ * every `WORD_SEPARATOR_TAGS` element (mirroring the API's parse5
+ * traversal), then `normalizeContent`-normalized. Separators exist only in
+ * the text: they have no DOM position.
+ */
+export interface DomTextIndex {
+  readonly text: string;
+  /** Images under the root matching the requested selector, with their offset in `text`. */
+  readonly images: readonly IndexedImage[];
+  /**
+   * The text-node pieces that make up `text[start, end)`, in document order.
+   * Empty when the span is empty or out of range.
+   */
+  piecesFor(start: number, end: number): DomTextPiece[];
+}
+
+/** A `[start, end)` slice of one text node's data. */
+export interface DomTextPiece {
+  node: Text;
+  start: number;
+  end: number;
+}
+
+export interface IndexedImage {
+  element: HTMLImageElement;
+  normalizedOffset: number;
+}
+
+interface DomTextIndexOptions {
+  /** Subtrees that are not post content on this platform (beyond `NON_CONTENT_TAGS`). */
+  exclude: (element: Element) => boolean;
+  /** Images to report with their text offsets; omit to collect none. */
+  imageSelector?: string;
+}
+
+interface RawChunk {
+  rawStart: number;
+  length: number;
+  /** The text node the chunk came from, or null for a synthetic word separator. */
+  node: Text | null;
+}
+
+const ELEMENT_NODE = 1;
+const TEXT_NODE = 3;
+const SHOW_ELEMENT_AND_TEXT = 0x1 | 0x4;
+const FILTER_ACCEPT = 1;
+const FILTER_REJECT = 2;
+
+function isElementNode(node: Node): node is Element {
+  return node.nodeType === ELEMENT_NODE;
+}
+
+function isTextNode(node: Node): node is Text {
+  return node.nodeType === TEXT_NODE;
+}
+
+function isImageElement(element: Element): element is HTMLImageElement {
+  return element.tagName.toLowerCase() === "img";
+}
+
+/** Elements whose text is never post content, on any platform. */
+export function isNonContentElement(element: Element): boolean {
+  return NON_CONTENT_TAGS.has(element.tagName.toLowerCase());
+}
+
+function chunkIndexAt(chunks: readonly RawChunk[], rawOffset: number): number {
+  let low = 0;
+  let high = chunks.length - 1;
+  while (low < high) {
+    const middle = (low + high + 1) >>> 1;
+    const chunk = chunks[middle];
+    if (chunk !== undefined && chunk.rawStart <= rawOffset) {
+      low = middle;
+    } else {
+      high = middle - 1;
+    }
+  }
+  return low;
+}
+
+function piecesForRawSpan(
+  chunks: readonly RawChunk[],
+  rawStart: number,
+  rawEnd: number,
+): DomTextPiece[] {
+  const pieces: DomTextPiece[] = [];
+  for (let index = chunkIndexAt(chunks, rawStart); index < chunks.length; index += 1) {
+    const chunk = chunks[index];
+    if (chunk === undefined || chunk.rawStart >= rawEnd) break;
+    if (chunk.node === null) continue;
+    const start = Math.max(rawStart, chunk.rawStart) - chunk.rawStart;
+    const end = Math.min(rawEnd, chunk.rawStart + chunk.length) - chunk.rawStart;
+    if (end > start) {
+      pieces.push({ node: chunk.node, start, end });
+    }
+  }
+  return pieces;
+}
+
+export function buildDomTextIndex(root: Element, options: DomTextIndexOptions): DomTextIndex {
+  const chunks: RawChunk[] = [];
+  const rawParts: string[] = [];
+  const rawImageOffsets: { element: HTMLImageElement; rawOffset: number }[] = [];
+  let rawLength = 0;
+
+  const append = (text: string, node: Text | null): void => {
+    if (text.length === 0) return;
+    chunks.push({ rawStart: rawLength, length: text.length, node });
+    rawParts.push(text);
+    rawLength += text.length;
+  };
+
+  // Separator elements still open in the traversal; when the walker leaves
+  // one's subtree, it emits the closing separator (the API's "exit" phase).
+  // A void element such as <br> closes at the next node.
+  const openSeparators: Element[] = [];
+  const closeExitedSeparators = (next: Node | null): void => {
+    for (let top = openSeparators.at(-1); top !== undefined; top = openSeparators.at(-1)) {
+      if (next !== null && top.contains(next)) return;
+      openSeparators.pop();
+      append(" ", null);
+    }
+  };
+
+  const walker = root.ownerDocument.createTreeWalker(root, SHOW_ELEMENT_AND_TEXT, {
+    acceptNode(node: Node): number {
+      if (isElementNode(node) && (isNonContentElement(node) || options.exclude(node))) {
+        return FILTER_REJECT;
+      }
+      return FILTER_ACCEPT;
+    },
+  });
+
+  for (let node = walker.nextNode(); node !== null; node = walker.nextNode()) {
+    closeExitedSeparators(node);
+    if (isTextNode(node)) {
+      append(node.data, node);
+      continue;
+    }
+    if (!isElementNode(node)) continue;
+    if (WORD_SEPARATOR_TAGS.has(node.tagName.toLowerCase())) {
+      append(" ", null);
+      openSeparators.push(node);
+    }
+    if (
+      options.imageSelector !== undefined &&
+      isImageElement(node) &&
+      node.matches(options.imageSelector)
+    ) {
+      rawImageOffsets.push({ element: node, rawOffset: rawLength });
+    }
+  }
+  closeExitedSeparators(null);
+
+  const normalizedIndex: NormalizedTextIndex = buildNormalizedTextIndex(rawParts.join(""));
+
+  return {
+    text: normalizedIndex.normalized,
+    images: rawImageOffsets.map(({ element, rawOffset }) => ({
+      element,
+      normalizedOffset: normalizedLengthBefore(normalizedIndex, rawOffset),
+    })),
+    piecesFor(start: number, end: number): DomTextPiece[] {
+      const span = rawSpanOf(normalizedIndex, start, end);
+      return span === null ? [] : piecesForRawSpan(chunks, span.rawStart, span.rawEnd);
+    },
+  };
+}
diff --git a/src/typescript/extension/src/content/main.ts b/src/typescript/extension/src/content/main.ts
index 20ccb48..0b93d8b 100644
--- a/src/typescript/extension/src/content/main.ts
+++ b/src/typescript/extension/src/content/main.ts
@@ -1,39 +1,10 @@
-import browser from "webextension-polyfill";
 import { PageSessionController } from "./page-session-controller";
-import { bootOpenErrataController } from "./bootstrap";
-import { handleContentControlMessage } from "./control-message-handler";
-import { isExtensionContextInvalidatedError } from "../lib/runtime-error";
-
-type RuntimeMessageListener = Parameters<typeof browser.runtime.onMessage.addListener>[0];
+import { bootOpenErrataControllerOnce } from "./bootstrap";
 
 declare global {
   interface Window {
     __openerrata_controller?: PageSessionController;
-    __openerrata_messageListener?: RuntimeMessageListener;
   }
 }
 
-const controller: PageSessionController = bootOpenErrataController(
-  window,
-  () => new PageSessionController(),
-);
-
-if (window.__openerrata_messageListener) {
-  browser.runtime.onMessage.removeListener(window.__openerrata_messageListener);
-}
-
-const messageListener: RuntimeMessageListener = (message: unknown) => {
-  const response = handleContentControlMessage(controller, message);
-  if (response === false) return false;
-
-  return response.catch((error: unknown) => {
-    if (isExtensionContextInvalidatedError(error)) {
-      return undefined;
-    }
-    console.error("Content script message handler error:", error);
-    throw error;
-  });
-};
-
-window.__openerrata_messageListener = messageListener;
-browser.runtime.onMessage.addListener(messageListener);
+bootOpenErrataControllerOnce(window, () => new PageSessionController());
diff --git a/src/typescript/extension/src/content/normalized-text-index.ts b/src/typescript/extension/src/content/normalized-text-index.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..05b7068
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/typescript/extension/src/content/normalized-text-index.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,185 @@
+import { TYPOGRAPHIC_CHAR_MAP, ZERO_WIDTH_CHAR_REGEX } from "@openerrata/shared";
+
+/**
+ * `normalizeContent(raw)` together with, for every UTF-16 unit of the
+ * normalized text, the span of raw text that produced it. This is what lets
+ * offsets in normalized text (the text the API and the LLM see) be mapped back
+ * to positions in the page.
+ *
+ * Invariant (tested): `buildNormalizedTextIndex(raw).normalized === normalizeContent(raw)`.
+ */
+export interface NormalizedTextIndex {
+  readonly normalized: string;
+  /** Raw offset where the raw text behind each normalized unit starts. Non-decreasing. */
+  readonly rawStarts: readonly number[];
+  /** Raw offset (exclusive) where the raw text behind each normalized unit ends. */
+  readonly rawEnds: readonly number[];
+}
+
+interface RawCodePoint {
+  value: string;
+  rawIndex: number;
+}
+
+interface IndexBuilder {
+  chars: string[];
+  rawStarts: number[];
+  rawEnds: number[];
+}
+
+function push(builder: IndexBuilder, unit: string, rawStart: number, rawEnd: number): void {
+  builder.chars.push(unit);
+  builder.rawStarts.push(rawStart);
+  builder.rawEnds.push(rawEnd);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Normalize one whitespace-free run of raw code points (NFC, zero-width
+ * removal, typographic replacement), attributing each output code point to the
+ * raw code points it came from.
+ */
+function appendNormalizedSegment(rawCodePoints: RawCodePoint[], builder: IndexBuilder): void {
+  const last = rawCodePoints[rawCodePoints.length - 1];
+  if (last === undefined) return;
+  const segmentRawEnd = last.rawIndex + last.value.length;
+  const rawLengthAt = new Map(rawCodePoints.map((cp) => [cp.rawIndex, cp.value.length]));
+
+  const nfcCodePoints = Array.from(
+    rawCodePoints
+      .map((cp) => cp.value)
+      .join("")
+      .normalize("NFC"),
+  );
+
+  // Align NFC output with the raw input through their shared NFD tokens; NFC
+  // only composes/decomposes, so the token sequences agree unless the raw text
+  // contains singleton decompositions, in which case fall back positionally.
+  const rawNfdTokens: { token: string; rawIndex: number }[] = [];
+  for (const codePoint of rawCodePoints) {
+    for (const token of Array.from(codePoint.value.normalize("NFD"))) {
+      rawNfdTokens.push({ token, rawIndex: codePoint.rawIndex });
+    }
+  }
+  const nfcNfdTokens: string[] = [];
+  const nfcTokenStartByCodePoint: number[] = [];
+  for (const codePoint of nfcCodePoints) {
+    nfcTokenStartByCodePoint.push(nfcNfdTokens.length);
+    nfcNfdTokens.push(...Array.from(codePoint.normalize("NFD")));
+  }
+  const tokensAligned =
+    rawNfdTokens.length === nfcNfdTokens.length &&
+    rawNfdTokens.every((token, index) => token.token === nfcNfdTokens[index]);
+
+  const rawStartOf = (nfcIndex: number): number => {
+    if (tokensAligned) {
+      const tokenStart = nfcTokenStartByCodePoint[nfcIndex];
+      const token = tokenStart === undefined ? undefined : rawNfdTokens[tokenStart];
+      if (token === undefined) {
+        throw new Error("Normalized token alignment index is out of bounds");
+      }
+      return token.rawIndex;
+    }
+    const fallback = rawCodePoints[Math.min(nfcIndex, rawCodePoints.length - 1)];
+    if (fallback === undefined) {
+      throw new Error("Raw code point mapping is out of bounds");
+    }
+    return fallback.rawIndex;
+  };
+
+  for (const [index, codePoint] of nfcCodePoints.entries()) {
+    if (ZERO_WIDTH_CHAR_REGEX.test(codePoint)) continue;
+    const rawStart = rawStartOf(index);
+    const ownRawEnd = rawStart + (rawLengthAt.get(rawStart) ?? 1);
+    const rawEnd =
+      index + 1 < nfcCodePoints.length ? Math.max(ownRawEnd, rawStartOf(index + 1)) : segmentRawEnd;
+    // Typographic replacements (e.g. curly → straight quotes) keep the
+    // index-tracked text identical to normalizeContent() output.
+    const replaced = TYPOGRAPHIC_CHAR_MAP.get(codePoint) ?? codePoint;
+    for (let unit = 0; unit < replaced.length; unit += 1) {
+      push(builder, replaced.charAt(unit), rawStart, rawEnd);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+export function buildNormalizedTextIndex(rawText: string): NormalizedTextIndex {
+  const builder: IndexBuilder = { chars: [], rawStarts: [], rawEnds: [] };
+  let pendingWhitespaceStart: number | null = null;
+  let segment: RawCodePoint[] = [];
+
+  const flushSegment = (): void => {
+    appendNormalizedSegment(segment, builder);
+    segment = [];
+  };
+
+  for (let rawIndex = 0; rawIndex < rawText.length; ) {
+    const codePoint = rawText.codePointAt(rawIndex);
+    if (codePoint === undefined) break;
+    const char = String.fromCodePoint(codePoint);
+
+    // Zero-width characters are not \s; strip them before whitespace handling
+    // so they never cause a pending space to be emitted.
+    if (ZERO_WIDTH_CHAR_REGEX.test(char)) {
+      rawIndex += char.length;
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    if (/\s/u.test(char)) {
+      flushSegment();
+      if (builder.chars.length > 0 && pendingWhitespaceStart === null) {
+        pendingWhitespaceStart = rawIndex;
+      }
+      rawIndex += char.length;
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    if (pendingWhitespaceStart !== null) {
+      // Collapsed whitespace: one space, emitted only between non-space text
+      // (so the result is trimmed at both ends).
+      push(builder, " ", pendingWhitespaceStart, pendingWhitespaceStart + 1);
+      pendingWhitespaceStart = null;
+    }
+
+    segment.push({ value: char, rawIndex });
+    rawIndex += char.length;
+  }
+  flushSegment();
+
+  return {
+    normalized: builder.chars.join(""),
+    rawStarts: builder.rawStarts,
+    rawEnds: builder.rawEnds,
+  };
+}
+
+/** The raw span behind normalized text `[start, end)`, or null for an empty or out-of-range span. */
+export function rawSpanOf(
+  index: NormalizedTextIndex,
+  start: number,
+  end: number,
+): { rawStart: number; rawEnd: number } | null {
+  if (end <= start) return null;
+  const rawStart = index.rawStarts[start];
+  const rawEnd = index.rawEnds[end - 1];
+  if (rawStart === undefined || rawEnd === undefined) return null;
+  return { rawStart, rawEnd };
+}
+
+/**
+ * Length of `normalizeContent(rawText.slice(0, rawOffset))`, read off the
+ * index: the normalized units produced before `rawOffset`, minus a trailing
+ * collapsed space (which a prefix would trim).
+ */
+export function normalizedLengthBefore(index: NormalizedTextIndex, rawOffset: number): number {
+  let low = 0;
+  let high = index.rawStarts.length;
+  while (low < high) {
+    const middle = (low + high) >>> 1;
+    const rawStart = index.rawStarts[middle];
+    if (rawStart !== undefined && rawStart < rawOffset) {
+      low = middle + 1;
+    } else {
+      high = middle;
+    }
+  }
+  return low > 0 && index.normalized.charAt(low - 1) === " " ? low - 1 : low;
+}
diff --git a/src/typescript/extension/src/content/observer.ts b/src/typescript/extension/src/content/observer.ts
index fa70e27..81eff04 100644
--- a/src/typescript/extension/src/content/observer.ts
+++ b/src/typescript/extension/src/content/observer.ts
@@ -1,17 +1,23 @@
 interface PageObserverConfig {
   mutationDebounceMs: number;
-  onNavigation: () => void;
+  /** Back/forward navigation within the document. */
+  onPopState: () => void;
   onMutationSettled: () => void;
 }
 
+/**
+ * DOM-side signals of page change. History API navigations (`pushState` /
+ * `replaceState`) happen in the page's world, invisible to this isolated
+ * content script; the background relays them as `LOCATION_CHANGED`.
+ */
 export class PageObserver {
   readonly #config: PageObserverConfig;
   #mutationObserver: MutationObserver | null = null;
   #mutationDebounceTimer: ReturnType<typeof setTimeout> | null = null;
   #started = false;
-  #restorePushState: (() => void) | null = null;
-  #restoreReplaceState: (() => void) | null = null;
-  #popstateListener: (() => void) | null = null;
+  readonly #onPopState = (): void => {
+    this.#config.onPopState();
+  };
 
   constructor(config: PageObserverConfig) {
     this.#config = config;
@@ -21,71 +27,32 @@ export class PageObserver {
     if (this.#started) return;
     this.#started = true;
 
-    this.#installNavigationListeners();
-    this.#startMutationObserver();
-  }
-
-  stop(): void {
-    if (!this.#started) return;
-    this.#started = false;
-
-    if (this.#mutationDebounceTimer !== null) {
-      clearTimeout(this.#mutationDebounceTimer);
-      this.#mutationDebounceTimer = null;
-    }
-    this.#mutationObserver?.disconnect();
-    this.#mutationObserver = null;
-
-    this.#restorePushState?.();
-    this.#restorePushState = null;
-    this.#restoreReplaceState?.();
-    this.#restoreReplaceState = null;
-
-    if (this.#popstateListener) {
-      window.removeEventListener("popstate", this.#popstateListener);
-      this.#popstateListener = null;
-    }
-  }
-
-  #installNavigationListeners(): void {
-    const originalPushState = history.pushState.bind(history);
-    history.pushState = (...args: Parameters<History["pushState"]>) => {
-      originalPushState(...args);
-      this.#config.onNavigation();
-    };
-    this.#restorePushState = () => {
-      history.pushState = originalPushState;
-    };
-
-    const originalReplaceState = history.replaceState.bind(history);
-    history.replaceState = (...args: Parameters<History["replaceState"]>) => {
-      originalReplaceState(...args);
-      this.#config.onNavigation();
-    };
-    this.#restoreReplaceState = () => {
-      history.replaceState = originalReplaceState;
-    };
-
-    this.#popstateListener = () => {
-      this.#config.onNavigation();
-    };
-    window.addEventListener("popstate", this.#popstateListener);
-  }
-
-  #startMutationObserver(): void {
+    window.addEventListener("popstate", this.#onPopState);
     this.#mutationObserver = new MutationObserver(() => {
       if (this.#mutationDebounceTimer !== null) {
         clearTimeout(this.#mutationDebounceTimer);
       }
-
       this.#mutationDebounceTimer = setTimeout(() => {
+        this.#mutationDebounceTimer = null;
         this.#config.onMutationSettled();
       }, this.#config.mutationDebounceMs);
     });
-
     this.#mutationObserver.observe(document.body, {
       childList: true,
       subtree: true,
     });
   }
+
+  stop(): void {
+    if (!this.#started) return;
+    this.#started = false;
+
+    if (this.#mutationDebounceTimer !== null) {
+      clearTimeout(this.#mutationDebounceTimer);
+      this.#mutationDebounceTimer = null;
+    }
+    this.#mutationObserver?.disconnect();
+    this.#mutationObserver = null;
+    window.removeEventListener("popstate", this.#onPopState);
+  }
 }
diff --git a/src/typescript/extension/src/content/page-session-controller.ts b/src/typescript/extension/src/content/page-session-controller.ts
index 2d98fae..8cfc042 100644
--- a/src/typescript/extension/src/content/page-session-controller.ts
+++ b/src/typescript/extension/src/content/page-session-controller.ts
@@ -1,168 +1,81 @@
 import {
-  annotationVisibilityResponseSchema,
-  focusClaimResponseSchema,
-  normalizeContent,
-  requestInvestigateResponseSchema,
+  tabSessionIdSchema,
   WORD_COUNT_LIMIT,
+  type ExtensionPageStatus,
+  type ExtensionPostStatus,
+  type ExtensionRuntimeErrorResponse,
   type Platform,
+  type TabSessionId,
 } from "@openerrata/shared";
-import type { PlatformAdapter } from "./adapters/index";
-import { getAdapter } from "./adapters/index";
-import { parseSupportedPageIdentity } from "../lib/post-identity";
-import {
-  isExtensionContextInvalidatedError,
-  isInvalidExtensionMessageRuntimeError,
-  isMalformedExtensionVersionRuntimeError,
-  isPayloadTooLargeRuntimeError,
-  isUpgradeRequiredRuntimeError,
-} from "../lib/runtime-error";
-import { toViewPostInput } from "../lib/view-post-input";
+import browser from "webextension-polyfill";
+import { describeError } from "../lib/describe-error";
+import { createContentRequestListener, type ContentRequestHandlers } from "../lib/messaging";
+import { ExtensionRuntimeError, isExtensionContextInvalidatedError } from "../lib/runtime-error";
+import { selectAdapter } from "./adapters/index";
+import { displayClaimsForStatus } from "./annotation-lifecycle";
 import { AnnotationController } from "./annotations";
+import { contentTextIndexOf } from "./content-text";
 import { PageObserver } from "./observer";
-import { ContentSyncClient } from "./sync";
-import { mapClaimsToDom } from "./dom-mapper";
-import { extractSubstackPostSlug } from "../lib/substack-url";
-import { ANNOTATION_CLAIM_ID_ATTRIBUTE, ANNOTATION_SELECTOR } from "./annotation-dom";
-import { pageSessionKeyFor } from "./session-key";
-import {
-  areClaimsEqual,
-  extractDisplayClaimsFromStatus,
-  extractDisplayClaimsFromViewPost,
-} from "./annotation-lifecycle.js";
+import { sessionKeyFor } from "./session-key";
 import {
-  createIdleSessionState,
-  createInitialPageSessionState,
-  createSkippedSessionState,
-  createTrackedPostSessionState,
-  isActiveTrackedSession,
-  isCurrentSessionPostStatus,
+  isStatusOfSession,
+  sessionKeyOfState,
   shouldRefreshSkippedSessionOnMutation,
   type PageSessionState,
   type PageSnapshot,
   type TrackedPostSessionState,
-  type TrackedPostSnapshot,
-} from "./session-state.js";
+} from "./session-state";
+import { contentSyncClient } from "./sync";
 import {
-  createInitialSyncRetryState,
   hasPendingRetryForSession,
-  resolveSyncTrackedSnapshotErrorPolicy,
+  NO_SYNC_RETRY,
   scheduleSyncRetry,
+  syncFailureAction,
   type SyncRetryState,
-  type SyncTrackedSnapshotErrorPolicy,
-} from "./sync-retry-policy.js";
+} from "./sync-retry-policy";
 
 const REFRESH_DEBOUNCE_MS = 200;
-const REAPPLY_DEBOUNCE_MS = 300;
-const SYNC_RETRY_INITIAL_MS = 1_000;
-const SYNC_RETRY_MAX_MS = 30_000;
+const MUTATION_DEBOUNCE_MS = 300;
+const SYNC_RETRY_DELAYS = { initialDelayMs: 1_000, maxDelayMs: 30_000 };
+/**
+ * How long a supported page may stay unextractable (still rendering, identity
+ * not yet provable) before it is reported as `unsupported_content`. Pages
+ * keep being re-checked on DOM changes after that.
+ */
+const NOT_READY_GRACE_MS = 5_000;
 const CLAIM_FOCUS_CLASS = "openerrata-focus-target";
 const CLAIM_FOCUS_DURATION_MS = 1_500;
 
-const SYNC_TRACKED_SNAPSHOT_ERROR_POLICIES: readonly SyncTrackedSnapshotErrorPolicy[] = [
-  {
-    matches: isPayloadTooLargeRuntimeError,
-    action: "RESET_AND_SYNC_CACHED_FAILURE",
-    warningMessage: "Page content request exceeded API body size limit; skipping retries.",
-  },
-  {
-    matches: isUpgradeRequiredRuntimeError,
-    action: "RESET_AND_SYNC_CACHED_FAILURE",
-    warningMessage: "Extension upgrade required by API compatibility policy; skipping retries.",
-  },
-  {
-    matches: isMalformedExtensionVersionRuntimeError,
-    action: "RESET_AND_SYNC_CACHED_FAILURE",
-    warningMessage:
-      "Extension version header is malformed; skipping retries until extension configuration is corrected.",
-  },
-  {
-    matches: isInvalidExtensionMessageRuntimeError,
-    action: "RESET_AND_SYNC_CACHED_FAILURE",
-    warningMessage:
-      "Extension message contract rejected PAGE_CONTENT payload/response; skipping retries.",
-  },
-  {
-    matches: isExtensionContextInvalidatedError,
-    action: "RESET_ONLY",
-  },
-];
-
-function pageLocatorForSessionKey(url: string): string {
-  try {
-    const parsed = new URL(url);
-    return `${parsed.origin}${parsed.pathname}`;
-  } catch {
-    return url;
-  }
+function exceedsWordCountLimit(text: string): boolean {
+  return text.split(/\s+/).filter(Boolean).length > WORD_COUNT_LIMIT;
 }
 
-function inferIdentityForSkippedPage(
-  url: string,
-  adapter: PlatformAdapter,
-): { platform: Platform; externalId: string } | null {
-  const supportedIdentity = parseSupportedPageIdentity(url);
-  if (supportedIdentity !== null) {
-    return supportedIdentity;
-  }
-
-  if (adapter.platformKey !== "SUBSTACK") {
-    return null;
-  }
-
-  try {
-    const parsed = new URL(url);
-    const slug = extractSubstackPostSlug(parsed.pathname);
-    if (slug === null) {
-      return null;
-    }
-    return {
-      platform: "SUBSTACK",
-      externalId: slug,
-    };
-  } catch {
-    return null;
-  }
+function newTabSessionId(): TabSessionId {
+  return tabSessionIdSchema.parse(crypto.randomUUID());
 }
 
 /**
- * Read the normalized text of the live (unpruned) content root. Used by both
- * session initialization and the mutation observer so that both compare
- * against the same text pipeline — a single code path prevents the kind of
- * divergence where one reads pruned adapter text and the other reads live DOM
- * text, which caused a continuous refresh loop (see Bug 2 in the freeze fix).
+ * False once this script's extension instance was reloaded, updated or
+ * removed: Chrome then leaves the script running ("orphaned") but clears
+ * `runtime.id`, which the type declarations cannot express.
  */
-function normalizedRootText(adapter: PlatformAdapter): string | null {
-  const root = adapter.getContentRoot(document);
-  if (!root) return null;
-  return normalizeContent(root.textContent);
-}
-
-function wordCount(text: string): number {
-  return text.split(/\s+/).filter(Boolean).length;
-}
-
-function exceedsWordCountLimit(text: string): boolean {
-  return wordCount(text) > WORD_COUNT_LIMIT;
-}
-
-function resolveClaimAnchor(range: Range): HTMLElement | null {
-  const startContainer = range.startContainer;
-  const startElement =
-    startContainer instanceof HTMLElement
-      ? startContainer
-      : startContainer instanceof Text
-        ? startContainer.parentElement
-        : startContainer instanceof Element
-          ? startContainer.parentElement
-          : null;
-  if (!startElement) return null;
-  return startElement.closest(ANNOTATION_SELECTOR) ?? startElement;
+function isExtensionContextAlive(): boolean {
+  try {
+    const runtimeId: unknown = Reflect.get(browser.runtime, "id");
+    return typeof runtimeId === "string";
+  } catch {
+    return false;
+  }
 }
 
-function resolveRenderedClaimAnchor(root: Element, claimId: string): HTMLElement | null {
-  return root.querySelector<HTMLElement>(
-    `${ANNOTATION_SELECTOR}[${ANNOTATION_CLAIM_ID_ATTRIBUTE}="${CSS.escape(claimId)}"]`,
-  );
+function toContentErrorResponse(error: unknown): ExtensionRuntimeErrorResponse {
+  return {
+    ok: false,
+    error: describeError(error),
+    ...(error instanceof ExtensionRuntimeError && error.errorCode !== undefined
+      ? { errorCode: error.errorCode }
+      : {}),
+  };
 }
 
 function scrollToClaimAnchor(anchor: HTMLElement, platform: Platform): boolean {
@@ -184,39 +97,25 @@ function scrollToClaimAnchor(anchor: HTMLElement, platform: Platform): boolean {
   return true;
 }
 
-function scrollToClaimRange(range: Range, platform: Platform): boolean {
-  const anchor = resolveClaimAnchor(range);
-  if (!anchor) return false;
-  return scrollToClaimAnchor(anchor, platform);
-}
-
 /**
- * Schedule a deferred full re-render of annotations. Used by `focusClaim` when
- * we know that at least one annotation mark is missing from the DOM — a
- * conditional `reapplyIfMissing` would be a no-op if *other* marks still exist,
- * so we force a complete clear-and-render instead.
+ * The content script's controller for one page: observes the page, keeps one
+ * page session per observed post state in sync with the background, renders
+ * highlights, and serves the content request protocol (spec §3.8.1).
  */
-function queueAnnotationRerender(controller: AnnotationController, adapter: PlatformAdapter): void {
-  window.setTimeout(() => {
-    controller.render(adapter);
-  }, 0);
-}
-
 export class PageSessionController {
-  #state: PageSessionState = createInitialPageSessionState();
-  #tabSessionCounter = 0;
+  #state: PageSessionState = { kind: "IDLE" };
   #lastObservedUrl = window.location.href;
+  /** Since when the current URL's post has been unextractable. */
+  #notReady: { url: string; since: number } | null = null;
   #refreshTimer: ReturnType<typeof setTimeout> | null = null;
   #refreshInFlight = false;
   #refreshQueued = false;
   #booted = false;
-  #cachedStatusUnsubscribe: (() => void) | null = null;
-  #syncRetryState: SyncRetryState = createInitialSyncRetryState(SYNC_RETRY_INITIAL_MS);
+  #syncRetry: SyncRetryState = NO_SYNC_RETRY;
   readonly #annotations = new AnnotationController();
-  readonly #sync = new ContentSyncClient();
   readonly #observer = new PageObserver({
-    mutationDebounceMs: REAPPLY_DEBOUNCE_MS,
-    onNavigation: () => {
+    mutationDebounceMs: MUTATION_DEBOUNCE_MS,
+    onPopState: () => {
       this.scheduleRefresh();
     },
     onMutationSettled: () => {
@@ -224,23 +123,54 @@ export class PageSessionController {
     },
   });
 
+  readonly #requestHandlers: ContentRequestHandlers = {
+    PING: () => ({ alive: true }),
+    GET_VISIBILITY: () => ({ visible: this.#annotations.isVisible() }),
+    SHOW_ANNOTATIONS: () => {
+      this.#annotations.show(this.#state.kind === "TRACKED_POST" ? this.#state.adapter : null);
+      return { visible: true };
+    },
+    HIDE_ANNOTATIONS: () => {
+      this.#annotations.hide();
+      return { visible: false };
+    },
+    REQUEST_INVESTIGATE: () => this.requestInvestigation(),
+    FOCUS_CLAIM: ({ claimId }) => this.focusClaim(claimId),
+    LOCATION_CHANGED: () => {
+      this.scheduleRefresh();
+      return null;
+    },
+    STATUS_CHANGED: ({ status }) => {
+      this.#onStatusChanged(status);
+      return null;
+    },
+  };
+
+  readonly #messageListener = createContentRequestListener(
+    this.#requestHandlers,
+    toContentErrorResponse,
+  );
+
+  readonly #onPageShow = (event: PageTransitionEvent): void => {
+    if (event.persisted) {
+      this.#resyncAfterBackForwardCacheRestore();
+    }
+  };
+
   boot(): void {
     if (this.#booted) return;
     this.#booted = true;
 
-    this.#cachedStatusUnsubscribe = this.#sync.installCachedStatusListener(() => {
-      void this.#syncStatusFromBackgroundCache().catch((error: unknown) => {
-        if (isExtensionContextInvalidatedError(error)) {
-          return;
-        }
-        console.error("Failed to sync background status:", error);
-      });
-    });
-
+    browser.runtime.onMessage.addListener(this.#messageListener);
+    window.addEventListener("pageshow", this.#onPageShow);
     this.#observer.start();
     this.scheduleRefresh();
   }
 
+  /**
+   * Stop everything this controller does on the page and remove what it
+   * added. Used when the extension instance that injected it is gone.
+   */
   dispose(): void {
     if (!this.#booted) return;
     this.#booted = false;
@@ -250,134 +180,60 @@ export class PageSessionController {
       this.#refreshTimer = null;
     }
     this.#refreshQueued = false;
-
     this.#observer.stop();
-    this.#cachedStatusUnsubscribe?.();
-    this.#cachedStatusUnsubscribe = null;
+    window.removeEventListener("pageshow", this.#onPageShow);
+    this.#annotations.clearAll();
+    this.#state = { kind: "IDLE" };
+    this.#syncRetry = NO_SYNC_RETRY;
+    // An orphaned context's listener can never be invoked again (and its
+    // extension APIs throw), so only a live context unregisters.
+    if (isExtensionContextAlive()) {
+      browser.runtime.onMessage.removeListener(this.#messageListener);
+    }
   }
 
   async requestInvestigation(): Promise<{ ok: boolean }> {
-    const stateAtRequest = this.#state;
-    if (stateAtRequest.kind !== "TRACKED_POST") {
-      return requestInvestigateResponseSchema.parse({ ok: false });
+    const state = this.#state;
+    if (state.kind !== "TRACKED_POST") {
+      return { ok: false };
     }
 
-    const investigateResult = await this.#sync.requestInvestigation(
-      stateAtRequest.tabSessionId,
-      stateAtRequest.request,
-    );
-
-    if (investigateResult.status === "COMPLETE") {
-      if (!this.#isActiveTrackedSession(stateAtRequest)) {
-        return requestInvestigateResponseSchema.parse({ ok: true });
-      }
-      this.#annotations.setClaims(investigateResult.claims);
-      const applied = this.#annotations.render(stateAtRequest.adapter);
-      if (!applied) {
-        this.scheduleRefresh();
-      }
-      return requestInvestigateResponseSchema.parse({ ok: true });
+    const status = await contentSyncClient.requestInvestigation(state.tabSessionId, state.content);
+    if (this.#state === state) {
+      this.#applyPostStatus(state, status);
     }
-
-    void this.#syncStatusFromBackgroundCache().catch((error: unknown) => {
-      if (isExtensionContextInvalidatedError(error)) {
-        return;
-      }
-      console.error("Failed to sync queued investigation status:", error);
-    });
-    return requestInvestigateResponseSchema.parse({ ok: true });
-  }
-
-  #isActiveTrackedSession(state: TrackedPostSessionState): boolean {
-    return isActiveTrackedSession(this.#state, state);
-  }
-
-  showAnnotations(): { ok: boolean } {
-    const adapter = this.#state.kind === "TRACKED_POST" ? this.#state.adapter : null;
-    this.#annotations.show(adapter);
     return { ok: true };
   }
 
-  hideAnnotations(): { ok: boolean } {
-    this.#annotations.hide();
-    return { ok: true };
-  }
-
-  getAnnotationVisibility(): { visible: boolean } {
-    // Popup opens are a reliable user-driven sync point. Nudge a refresh in case
-    // a prior SPA route transition missed observer-driven refresh scheduling.
-    this.scheduleRefresh(0);
-    if (this.#state.kind === "SKIPPED") {
-      // Re-emit skipped status as an idempotent cache sync point. Background
-      // cache can be cleared by tab lifecycle events after a skip was already
-      // determined, and the skipped session otherwise has no further automatic
-      // sync path until the page state changes.
-      this.#sync.sendPageSkipped({
-        tabSessionId: this.#state.tabSessionId,
-        platform: this.#state.platform,
-        externalId: this.#state.externalId,
-        pageUrl: this.#state.pageUrl,
-        reason: this.#state.reason,
-      });
-    }
-    return annotationVisibilityResponseSchema.parse({
-      visible: this.#annotations.isVisible(),
-    });
-  }
-
   focusClaim(claimId: string): { ok: boolean } {
-    if (this.#state.kind !== "TRACKED_POST") {
-      return focusClaimResponseSchema.parse({ ok: false });
+    const state = this.#state;
+    if (state.kind !== "TRACKED_POST") {
+      return { ok: false };
     }
-
     const claim = this.#annotations.getClaims().find((candidate) => candidate.id === claimId);
     if (!claim) {
-      return focusClaimResponseSchema.parse({ ok: false });
-    }
-
-    const root = this.#state.adapter.getContentRoot(document);
-    if (!root) {
-      return focusClaimResponseSchema.parse({ ok: false });
+      return { ok: false };
     }
 
-    const platform = this.#state.platform;
-
     if (this.#annotations.isVisible()) {
-      const renderedClaimAnchor = resolveRenderedClaimAnchor(root, claimId);
-      if (renderedClaimAnchor) {
-        return focusClaimResponseSchema.parse({
-          ok: scrollToClaimAnchor(renderedClaimAnchor, platform),
-        });
+      if (this.#annotations.renderedAnchorFor(claimId) === null) {
+        // The page dropped our highlight (e.g. a re-render); restore them.
+        this.#annotations.render(state.adapter);
       }
-
-      // Rendered mark is missing — try exact/context matching before giving up.
-      const [mappedClaim] = mapClaimsToDom([claim], root, {
-        allowFuzzy: false,
-        shouldExcludeElement: this.#state.adapter.buildMatchingFilter?.(root),
-      });
-      if (mappedClaim?.matched && mappedClaim.range) {
-        queueAnnotationRerender(this.#annotations, this.#state.adapter);
-        return focusClaimResponseSchema.parse({
-          ok: scrollToClaimRange(mappedClaim.range, platform),
-        });
+      const anchor = this.#annotations.renderedAnchorFor(claimId);
+      if (anchor === null) {
+        this.scheduleRefresh(0);
+        return { ok: false };
       }
-
-      queueAnnotationRerender(this.#annotations, this.#state.adapter);
-      this.scheduleRefresh(0);
-      return focusClaimResponseSchema.parse({ ok: false });
+      return { ok: scrollToClaimAnchor(anchor, state.content.platform) };
     }
 
-    const [mappedClaim] = mapClaimsToDom([claim], root, {
-      allowFuzzy: false,
-      shouldExcludeElement: this.#state.adapter.buildMatchingFilter?.(root),
-    });
-    if (!mappedClaim?.matched || !mappedClaim.range) {
-      return focusClaimResponseSchema.parse({ ok: false });
+    const pieces = this.#annotations.locateClaim(claim, state.adapter);
+    const anchor = pieces?.[0]?.node.parentElement ?? null;
+    if (anchor === null) {
+      return { ok: false };
     }
-
-    return focusClaimResponseSchema.parse({
-      ok: scrollToClaimRange(mappedClaim.range, platform),
-    });
+    return { ok: scrollToClaimAnchor(anchor, state.content.platform) };
   }
 
   scheduleRefresh(delayMs = REFRESH_DEBOUNCE_MS): void {
@@ -392,57 +248,18 @@ export class PageSessionController {
     }, delayMs);
   }
 
-  #hasPendingRetryForActiveSession(): boolean {
-    return (
-      this.#state.kind === "TRACKED_POST" &&
-      hasPendingRetryForSession(this.#syncRetryState, this.#state.sessionKey)
-    );
+  #isBooted(): boolean {
+    return this.#booted;
   }
 
   #scheduleRefreshFromMutation(): void {
-    if (this.#hasPendingRetryForActiveSession()) {
+    // A failed sync is retried on its own backoff schedule.
+    if (hasPendingRetryForSession(this.#syncRetry, sessionKeyOfState(this.#state))) {
       return;
     }
     this.scheduleRefresh();
   }
 
-  #resetSyncRetryState(): void {
-    this.#syncRetryState = createInitialSyncRetryState(SYNC_RETRY_INITIAL_MS);
-  }
-
-  #syncCachedFailureStatus(): void {
-    void this.#syncStatusFromBackgroundCache().catch((error: unknown) => {
-      if (isExtensionContextInvalidatedError(error)) {
-        return;
-      }
-      console.error("Failed to sync cached failure status:", error);
-    });
-  }
-
-  #scheduleSyncRetry(sessionKey: string): void {
-    const scheduled = scheduleSyncRetry(this.#syncRetryState, sessionKey, SYNC_RETRY_MAX_MS);
-    this.#syncRetryState = scheduled.nextState;
-    this.scheduleRefresh(scheduled.delayMs);
-  }
-
-  #applySyncTrackedSnapshotErrorPolicy(error: unknown): boolean {
-    const policy = resolveSyncTrackedSnapshotErrorPolicy(
-      error,
-      SYNC_TRACKED_SNAPSHOT_ERROR_POLICIES,
-    );
-    if (policy === null) {
-      return false;
-    }
-
-    this.#resetSyncRetryState();
-    if (policy.action === "RESET_AND_SYNC_CACHED_FAILURE") {
-      this.#annotations.clearAll();
-      this.#syncCachedFailureStatus();
-      console.warn(policy.warningMessage, error);
-    }
-    return true;
-  }
-
   async #runRefreshCycle(): Promise<void> {
     if (!this.#booted) return;
     if (this.#refreshInFlight) {
@@ -453,7 +270,8 @@ export class PageSessionController {
     this.#refreshInFlight = true;
     try {
       this.#refreshQueued = true;
-      while (this.#refreshQueued) {
+      // `dispose()` may run while a refresh awaits the background.
+      while (this.#refreshQueued && this.#isBooted()) {
         this.#refreshQueued = false;
         await this.#refreshPageState();
       }
@@ -463,265 +281,201 @@ export class PageSessionController {
   }
 
   async #refreshPageState(): Promise<void> {
-    this.#lastObservedUrl = window.location.href;
-    const snapshot = this.#snapshotCurrentPage();
-    const currentSessionKey = this.#state.sessionKey;
-
-    if (snapshot.sessionKey === currentSessionKey) {
-      if (
-        snapshot.kind === "TRACKED_POST" &&
-        this.#state.kind === "TRACKED_POST" &&
-        hasPendingRetryForSession(this.#syncRetryState, snapshot.sessionKey)
-      ) {
-        await this.#syncTrackedSnapshot(this.#state.tabSessionId, snapshot);
-        return;
-      }
-      if (this.#state.kind === "TRACKED_POST") {
-        // Update the mutation baseline so that non-session-key-changing DOM
-        // mutations (e.g. ad injections, sidebar updates) don't cause a
-        // continuous refresh loop — the mismatch between the old baseline
-        // and the current root text would otherwise re-trigger on every
-        // future mutation observation.
-        this.#state.observedRootText = normalizedRootText(this.#state.adapter);
-        this.#annotations.reapplyIfMissing(this.#state.adapter);
-      }
+    if (!isExtensionContextAlive()) {
+      this.dispose();
       return;
     }
 
-    await this.#transitionToSnapshot(snapshot);
+    this.#lastObservedUrl = window.location.href;
+    const snapshot = this.#snapshotCurrentPage(Date.now());
+    const sessionKey = sessionKeyFor(snapshot);
+    const state = this.#state;
+
+    if (sessionKey !== sessionKeyOfState(state)) {
+      await this.#transitionTo(snapshot, sessionKey);
+      return;
+    }
+    if (state.kind === "TRACKED_POST") {
+      if (hasPendingRetryForSession(this.#syncRetry, sessionKey)) {
+        await this.#syncTrackedSession(state);
+      } else {
+        this.#annotations.reapplyIfMissing(state.adapter);
+      }
+    }
   }
 
-  #snapshotCurrentPage(): PageSnapshot {
+  #snapshotCurrentPage(now: number): PageSnapshot {
     const url = window.location.href;
-    const adapter = getAdapter(url, document);
-    if (!adapter) {
-      return {
-        kind: "NONE",
-        sessionKey: null,
-      };
+    const selected = selectAdapter(url, document);
+    if (!selected) {
+      this.#notReady = null;
+      return { kind: "NONE" };
     }
+    const { adapter, locator } = selected;
+    const platform = adapter.platformKey;
 
     if (adapter.detectPrivateOrGated?.(document) === true) {
-      const identity = inferIdentityForSkippedPage(url, adapter);
-      if (!identity) {
-        return {
-          kind: "NONE",
-          sessionKey: null,
-        };
-      }
-
+      this.#notReady = null;
       return {
         kind: "SKIPPED",
-        sessionKey: [
-          "private_or_gated",
-          identity.platform,
-          identity.externalId,
-          pageLocatorForSessionKey(url),
-        ].join(":"),
-        platform: identity.platform,
-        externalId: identity.externalId,
+        platform,
         pageUrl: url,
         reason: "private_or_gated",
+        basis: { kind: "PAGE", locator },
       };
     }
 
     const extraction = adapter.extract(document);
     if (extraction.kind === "not_ready") {
-      if (extraction.reason === "missing_identity") {
-        const supportedIdentity = inferIdentityForSkippedPage(url, adapter);
-        if (!supportedIdentity) {
-          return {
-            kind: "NONE",
-            sessionKey: null,
-          };
-        }
-
-        return {
-          kind: "SKIPPED",
-          sessionKey: [
-            "unsupported_content",
-            supportedIdentity.platform,
-            supportedIdentity.externalId,
-          ].join(":"),
-          platform: supportedIdentity.platform,
-          externalId: supportedIdentity.externalId,
-          pageUrl: url,
-          reason: "unsupported_content",
-        };
-      }
-
-      if (extraction.reason !== "unsupported") {
-        return {
-          kind: "NONE",
-          sessionKey: null,
-        };
-      }
-
-      const supportedIdentity = inferIdentityForSkippedPage(url, adapter);
-      if (!supportedIdentity) {
-        return {
-          kind: "NONE",
-          sessionKey: null,
-        };
-      }
-
-      return {
+      const unextractable: PageSnapshot = {
         kind: "SKIPPED",
-        sessionKey: [
-          "unsupported_content",
-          supportedIdentity.platform,
-          supportedIdentity.externalId,
-        ].join(":"),
-        platform: supportedIdentity.platform,
-        externalId: supportedIdentity.externalId,
+        platform,
         pageUrl: url,
         reason: "unsupported_content",
+        basis: { kind: "PAGE", locator },
       };
+      if (extraction.reason === "unsupported") {
+        this.#notReady = null;
+        return unextractable;
+      }
+      if (this.#notReady?.url !== url) {
+        this.#notReady = { url, since: now };
+      }
+      const remainingGraceMs = this.#notReady.since + NOT_READY_GRACE_MS - now;
+      if (remainingGraceMs > 0) {
+        // Re-check at the deadline even if the page stops mutating.
+        this.scheduleRefresh(remainingGraceMs);
+        return { kind: "PENDING" };
+      }
+      return unextractable;
     }
+    this.#notReady = null;
+
     const content = extraction.content;
+    const skipFromContent = (reason: "no_text" | "has_video" | "word_count"): PageSnapshot => ({
+      kind: "SKIPPED",
+      platform,
+      pageUrl: content.url,
+      reason,
+      basis: { kind: "CONTENT", content },
+    });
+    if (content.contentText.length === 0) return skipFromContent("no_text");
+    if (content.hasVideo) return skipFromContent("has_video");
+    if (exceedsWordCountLimit(content.contentText)) return skipFromContent("word_count");
 
-    if (content.contentText.length === 0) {
-      return {
-        kind: "SKIPPED",
-        sessionKey: pageSessionKeyFor(content),
-        platform: content.platform,
-        externalId: content.externalId,
-        pageUrl: content.url,
-        reason: "no_text",
-      };
+    return { kind: "TRACKED_POST", adapter, content };
+  }
+
+  async #transitionTo(snapshot: PageSnapshot, sessionKey: string | null): Promise<void> {
+    const previous = this.#state;
+    if (previous.kind !== "IDLE") {
+      this.#sendInBackground(contentSyncClient.sendPageReset(previous.tabSessionId), "PAGE_RESET");
     }
+    this.#annotations.clearAll();
 
-    if (content.mediaState === "has_video") {
-      return {
-        kind: "SKIPPED",
-        sessionKey: pageSessionKeyFor(content),
-        platform: content.platform,
-        externalId: content.externalId,
-        pageUrl: content.url,
-        reason: "has_video",
-      };
+    if (sessionKey === null || snapshot.kind === "NONE" || snapshot.kind === "PENDING") {
+      this.#syncRetry = NO_SYNC_RETRY;
+      this.#state = { kind: "IDLE" };
+      return;
     }
 
-    if (exceedsWordCountLimit(content.contentText)) {
-      return {
-        kind: "SKIPPED",
-        sessionKey: pageSessionKeyFor(content),
-        platform: content.platform,
-        externalId: content.externalId,
-        pageUrl: content.url,
-        reason: "word_count",
-      };
+    const tabSessionId = newTabSessionId();
+    if (snapshot.kind === "SKIPPED") {
+      this.#syncRetry = NO_SYNC_RETRY;
+      this.#state = { kind: "SKIPPED", tabSessionId, sessionKey, reason: snapshot.reason };
+      this.#sendInBackground(
+        contentSyncClient.sendPageSkipped({
+          tabSessionId,
+          platform: snapshot.platform,
+          pageUrl: snapshot.pageUrl,
+          reason: snapshot.reason,
+        }),
+        "PAGE_SKIPPED",
+      );
+      return;
     }
 
-    return {
+    if (!hasPendingRetryForSession(this.#syncRetry, sessionKey)) {
+      this.#syncRetry = NO_SYNC_RETRY;
+    }
+    const state: TrackedPostSessionState = {
       kind: "TRACKED_POST",
-      sessionKey: pageSessionKeyFor(content),
-      platform: content.platform,
-      externalId: content.externalId,
-      adapter,
-      request: toViewPostInput(content),
-      content,
+      tabSessionId,
+      sessionKey,
+      adapter: snapshot.adapter,
+      content: snapshot.content,
     };
+    this.#state = state;
+    await this.#syncTrackedSession(state);
   }
 
-  async #syncTrackedSnapshot(tabSessionId: number, snapshot: TrackedPostSnapshot): Promise<void> {
-    let viewPost: Awaited<ReturnType<ContentSyncClient["sendPageContent"]>>;
+  async #syncTrackedSession(state: TrackedPostSessionState): Promise<void> {
+    let status: ExtensionPostStatus;
     try {
-      viewPost = await this.#sync.sendPageContent(tabSessionId, snapshot.content);
+      status = await contentSyncClient.sendPageContent(state.tabSessionId, state.content);
     } catch (error) {
-      if (this.#applySyncTrackedSnapshotErrorPolicy(error)) {
-        return;
+      if (this.#state !== state) return;
+      const action = syncFailureAction(error);
+      switch (action.kind) {
+        case "SHUT_DOWN":
+          this.dispose();
+          return;
+        case "GIVE_UP":
+          this.#syncRetry = NO_SYNC_RETRY;
+          this.#annotations.clearAll();
+          console.warn("Page content sync failed and will not be retried:", error);
+          return;
+        case "RETRY": {
+          console.error("Failed to sync page content with background; retrying:", error);
+          const scheduled = scheduleSyncRetry(this.#syncRetry, state.sessionKey, SYNC_RETRY_DELAYS);
+          this.#syncRetry = scheduled.nextState;
+          this.scheduleRefresh(scheduled.delayMs);
+          return;
+        }
       }
-      console.error("Failed to sync page content with background:", error);
-      this.#scheduleSyncRetry(snapshot.sessionKey);
-      return;
     }
 
-    this.#resetSyncRetryState();
-    this.#annotations.setClaims(extractDisplayClaimsFromViewPost(viewPost));
-    const applied = this.#annotations.render(snapshot.adapter);
-    if (!applied) {
-      this.scheduleRefresh();
-    }
+    if (this.#state !== state) return;
+    this.#syncRetry = NO_SYNC_RETRY;
+    this.#applyPostStatus(state, status);
   }
 
-  async #transitionToSnapshot(snapshot: PageSnapshot): Promise<void> {
-    if (this.#state.kind !== "IDLE") {
-      this.#sync.sendPageReset(this.#state.tabSessionId);
-    }
-
-    this.#annotations.clearAll();
-
-    if (snapshot.kind === "NONE") {
-      this.#resetSyncRetryState();
-      this.#state = createIdleSessionState(this.#tabSessionCounter);
-      return;
-    }
-
-    const tabSessionId = this.#nextTabSessionId();
-
-    if (snapshot.kind === "SKIPPED") {
-      this.#resetSyncRetryState();
-      this.#state = createSkippedSessionState(tabSessionId, snapshot);
-      this.#sync.sendPageSkipped({
-        tabSessionId,
-        platform: snapshot.platform,
-        externalId: snapshot.externalId,
-        pageUrl: snapshot.pageUrl,
-        reason: snapshot.reason,
-      });
-      return;
-    }
-
-    if (!hasPendingRetryForSession(this.#syncRetryState, snapshot.sessionKey)) {
-      this.#resetSyncRetryState();
+  #applyPostStatus(state: TrackedPostSessionState, status: ExtensionPostStatus): void {
+    const rendered = this.#annotations.showClaims(displayClaimsForStatus(status), state.adapter);
+    if (!rendered) {
+      this.scheduleRefresh();
     }
-
-    this.#state = createTrackedPostSessionState(
-      tabSessionId,
-      snapshot,
-      normalizedRootText(snapshot.adapter),
-    );
-    await this.#syncTrackedSnapshot(tabSessionId, snapshot);
-  }
-
-  #nextTabSessionId(): number {
-    this.#tabSessionCounter += 1;
-    return this.#tabSessionCounter;
   }
 
-  async #syncStatusFromBackgroundCache(): Promise<void> {
-    const status = await this.#sync.getCachedStatus();
-    if (!this.#isCurrentSessionPostStatus(status) || this.#state.kind !== "TRACKED_POST") {
-      return;
-    }
+  #onStatusChanged(status: ExtensionPageStatus): void {
+    if (status.kind !== "POST") return;
     const state = this.#state;
-
-    const displayClaims = extractDisplayClaimsFromStatus(status);
-
-    if (displayClaims !== null) {
-      const currentClaims = this.#annotations.getClaims();
-      if (!areClaimsEqual(currentClaims, displayClaims)) {
-        this.#annotations.setClaims(displayClaims);
-        const applied = this.#annotations.render(state.adapter);
-        if (!applied) {
-          this.scheduleRefresh();
-        }
-      } else {
-        this.#annotations.reapplyIfMissing(state.adapter);
-      }
-      return;
+    if (isStatusOfSession(state, status)) {
+      this.#applyPostStatus(state, status);
     }
+  }
 
-    if (status.investigationState === "FAILED" || status.investigationState === "API_ERROR") {
-      this.#annotations.clearAll();
-    }
+  /** Fire-and-forget a background request; an orphaned context shuts the controller down. */
+  #sendInBackground(request: Promise<void>, label: string): void {
+    request.catch((error: unknown) => {
+      if (isExtensionContextInvalidatedError(error)) {
+        this.dispose();
+        return;
+      }
+      console.error(`Failed to send ${label} to background:`, error);
+    });
   }
 
-  #isCurrentSessionPostStatus(
-    status: Awaited<ReturnType<ContentSyncClient["getCachedStatus"]>>,
-  ): status is Extract<NonNullable<typeof status>, { kind: "POST" }> {
-    return isCurrentSessionPostStatus(this.#state, status);
+  /**
+   * A page restored from the back/forward cache keeps this controller's
+   * memory, but the background forgot the tab's session when the tab
+   * navigated away; start a fresh session.
+   */
+  #resyncAfterBackForwardCacheRestore(): void {
+    this.#annotations.clearAll();
+    this.#state = { kind: "IDLE" };
+    this.#syncRetry = NO_SYNC_RETRY;
+    this.scheduleRefresh(0);
   }
 
   #onMutationSettled(): void {
@@ -731,42 +485,31 @@ export class PageSessionController {
       return;
     }
 
-    if (this.#state.kind === "IDLE") {
-      if (getAdapter(currentUrl, document)) {
-        this.#scheduleRefreshFromMutation();
-      }
-      return;
-    }
-
-    if (this.#state.kind === "SKIPPED") {
-      if (
-        shouldRefreshSkippedSessionOnMutation(
-          this.#state.reason,
-          getAdapter(currentUrl, document) !== null,
-        )
-      ) {
-        this.#scheduleRefreshFromMutation();
+    const state = this.#state;
+    switch (state.kind) {
+      case "IDLE":
+        if (selectAdapter(currentUrl, document) !== null) {
+          this.#scheduleRefreshFromMutation();
+        }
+        return;
+      case "SKIPPED":
+        if (shouldRefreshSkippedSessionOnMutation(state.reason)) {
+          this.#scheduleRefreshFromMutation();
+        }
+        return;
+      case "TRACKED_POST": {
+        const textIndex = contentTextIndexOf(state.adapter, document);
+        if (textIndex === null) {
+          // Content root not in the DOM (yet or anymore) — nothing to compare.
+          return;
+        }
+        if (textIndex.text !== state.content.contentText) {
+          this.#scheduleRefreshFromMutation();
+          return;
+        }
+        this.#annotations.reapplyIfMissing(state.adapter);
+        return;
       }
-      return;
     }
-
-    const currentRootText = normalizedRootText(this.#state.adapter);
-    if (currentRootText === null) {
-      // Content root not in the DOM (yet or anymore) — nothing to compare.
-      return;
-    }
-
-    if (this.#state.observedRootText === null) {
-      // Root wasn't available at session start; capture it now as baseline.
-      this.#state.observedRootText = currentRootText;
-      return;
-    }
-
-    if (currentRootText !== this.#state.observedRootText) {
-      this.#scheduleRefreshFromMutation();
-      return;
-    }
-
-    this.#annotations.reapplyIfMissing(this.#state.adapter);
   }
 }
diff --git a/src/typescript/extension/src/content/session-key.ts b/src/typescript/extension/src/content/session-key.ts
index 405edf6..704fb8f 100644
--- a/src/typescript/extension/src/content/session-key.ts
+++ b/src/typescript/extension/src/content/session-key.ts
@@ -1,36 +1,43 @@
-import {
-  type PlatformContent,
-  type VersionIdentityImageOccurrence,
-  serializeObservedVersionIdentity,
-} from "@openerrata/shared";
+import { serializeObservedVersionIdentity, type PlatformContent } from "@openerrata/shared";
+import { pageLocatorKey } from "../lib/page-locator.js";
+import type { PageSnapshot } from "./session-state.js";
 
-function toVersionIdentityImageOccurrences(
-  content: PlatformContent,
-): readonly VersionIdentityImageOccurrence[] | undefined {
-  if (content.imageOccurrences === undefined) {
-    return undefined;
-  }
-
-  return content.imageOccurrences.map((occurrence) => ({
-    originalIndex: occurrence.originalIndex,
-    normalizedTextOffset: occurrence.normalizedTextOffset,
-    sourceUrl: occurrence.sourceUrl,
-    ...(occurrence.captionText === undefined ? {} : { captionText: occurrence.captionText }),
-  }));
-}
-
-/**
- * Identity key used by content script refresh logic to decide whether the
- * currently observed page content changed and needs re-sync.
- */
-export function pageSessionKeyFor(content: PlatformContent): string {
-  return JSON.stringify({
+function contentIdentity(content: PlatformContent): unknown {
+  return {
     platform: content.platform,
     externalId: content.externalId,
-    mediaState: content.mediaState,
+    hasVideo: content.hasVideo,
     observedVersionIdentity: serializeObservedVersionIdentity({
       contentText: content.contentText,
-      imageOccurrences: toVersionIdentityImageOccurrences(content),
+      imageOccurrences: content.imageOccurrences,
     }),
-  });
+  };
+}
+
+/**
+ * Identity of the page session a snapshot belongs to: a new key means a new
+ * session (new tab session id, fresh sync with the background). Null for
+ * snapshots that are not sessions (no supported post, or not extractable yet).
+ *
+ * Content-derived snapshots are keyed by post identity plus observed version,
+ * so an edit re-syncs; page-derived skips by the page locator (URL identity)
+ * and reason.
+ */
+export function sessionKeyFor(snapshot: PageSnapshot): string | null {
+  switch (snapshot.kind) {
+    case "NONE":
+    case "PENDING":
+      return null;
+    case "TRACKED_POST":
+      return JSON.stringify({ kind: "TRACKED_POST", content: contentIdentity(snapshot.content) });
+    case "SKIPPED":
+      return JSON.stringify({
+        kind: "SKIPPED",
+        reason: snapshot.reason,
+        basis:
+          snapshot.basis.kind === "CONTENT"
+            ? contentIdentity(snapshot.basis.content)
+            : pageLocatorKey(snapshot.basis.locator),
+      });
+  }
 }
diff --git a/src/typescript/extension/src/content/session-state.ts b/src/typescript/extension/src/content/session-state.ts
index 747e94b..a0879c1 100644
--- a/src/typescript/extension/src/content/session-state.ts
+++ b/src/typescript/extension/src/content/session-state.ts
@@ -1,151 +1,79 @@
 import type {
+  ExtensionPostStatus,
   ExtensionSkippedReason,
   Platform,
   PlatformContent,
-  ViewPostInput,
+  TabSessionId,
 } from "@openerrata/shared";
+import type { PageLocator } from "../lib/page-locator.js";
 import type { PlatformAdapter } from "./adapters/index.js";
-import type { ParsedExtensionPageStatus } from "./sync.js";
 
-export type PageSessionState =
-  | {
-      kind: "IDLE";
-      tabSessionId: number;
-      sessionKey: null;
-    }
-  | {
-      kind: "SKIPPED";
-      tabSessionId: number;
-      sessionKey: string;
-      platform: Platform;
-      externalId: string;
-      pageUrl: string;
-      reason: ExtensionSkippedReason;
-    }
-  | {
-      kind: "TRACKED_POST";
-      tabSessionId: number;
-      sessionKey: string;
-      platform: Platform;
-      externalId: string;
-      /**
-       * Normalized text of the live content root observed for this session.
-       * `null` means the root was unavailable when the session started.
-       */
-      observedRootText: string | null;
-      adapter: PlatformAdapter;
-      request: ViewPostInput;
-    };
+/**
+ * What the content script currently sees on the page. Every snapshot that
+ * describes a supported post page starts a page session (see `sessionKeyFor`).
+ */
+export type PageSnapshot =
+  /** No supported post on this page. */
+  | { kind: "NONE" }
+  /** A supported post page whose post cannot be extracted yet (still rendering). */
+  | { kind: "PENDING" }
+  | SkippedSnapshot
+  | TrackedPostSnapshot;
 
-export type TrackedPostSessionState = Extract<PageSessionState, { kind: "TRACKED_POST" }>;
+export interface SkippedSnapshot {
+  kind: "SKIPPED";
+  platform: Platform;
+  pageUrl: string;
+  reason: ExtensionSkippedReason;
+  /**
+   * What the skip was decided from: the extracted content (video, length,
+   * empty text) or only the page itself (gated or unextractable pages).
+   */
+  basis: { kind: "CONTENT"; content: PlatformContent } | { kind: "PAGE"; locator: PageLocator };
+}
 
-export type PageSnapshot =
-  | {
-      kind: "NONE";
-      sessionKey: null;
-    }
+export interface TrackedPostSnapshot {
+  kind: "TRACKED_POST";
+  adapter: PlatformAdapter;
+  content: PlatformContent;
+}
+
+export type PageSessionState =
+  | { kind: "IDLE" }
   | {
       kind: "SKIPPED";
+      tabSessionId: TabSessionId;
       sessionKey: string;
-      platform: Platform;
-      externalId: string;
-      pageUrl: string;
       reason: ExtensionSkippedReason;
     }
-  | {
-      kind: "TRACKED_POST";
-      sessionKey: string;
-      platform: Platform;
-      externalId: string;
-      adapter: PlatformAdapter;
-      content: PlatformContent;
-      request: ViewPostInput;
-    };
-
-export type TrackedPostSnapshot = Extract<PageSnapshot, { kind: "TRACKED_POST" }>;
-
-export function createInitialPageSessionState(): PageSessionState {
-  return {
-    kind: "IDLE",
-    tabSessionId: 0,
-    sessionKey: null,
-  };
-}
-
-export function createIdleSessionState(tabSessionId: number): PageSessionState {
-  return {
-    kind: "IDLE",
-    tabSessionId,
-    sessionKey: null,
-  };
-}
+  | TrackedPostSessionState;
 
-export function createSkippedSessionState(
-  tabSessionId: number,
-  snapshot: Extract<PageSnapshot, { kind: "SKIPPED" }>,
-): PageSessionState {
-  return {
-    kind: "SKIPPED",
-    tabSessionId,
-    sessionKey: snapshot.sessionKey,
-    platform: snapshot.platform,
-    externalId: snapshot.externalId,
-    pageUrl: snapshot.pageUrl,
-    reason: snapshot.reason,
-  };
+export interface TrackedPostSessionState {
+  kind: "TRACKED_POST";
+  tabSessionId: TabSessionId;
+  sessionKey: string;
+  adapter: PlatformAdapter;
+  /** The content sent to the background; its text is the baseline for mutation checks. */
+  content: PlatformContent;
 }
 
-export function createTrackedPostSessionState(
-  tabSessionId: number,
-  snapshot: TrackedPostSnapshot,
-  observedRootText: string | null,
-): TrackedPostSessionState {
-  return {
-    kind: "TRACKED_POST",
-    tabSessionId,
-    sessionKey: snapshot.sessionKey,
-    platform: snapshot.platform,
-    externalId: snapshot.externalId,
-    observedRootText,
-    adapter: snapshot.adapter,
-    request: snapshot.request,
-  };
+export function sessionKeyOfState(state: PageSessionState): string | null {
+  return state.kind === "IDLE" ? null : state.sessionKey;
 }
 
-export function isActiveTrackedSession(
-  currentState: PageSessionState,
-  targetState: TrackedPostSessionState,
-): boolean {
-  return (
-    currentState.kind === "TRACKED_POST" &&
-    currentState.tabSessionId === targetState.tabSessionId &&
-    currentState.platform === targetState.platform &&
-    currentState.externalId === targetState.externalId
-  );
+/** Whether `status` was cached for the page session `state`. */
+export function isStatusOfSession(
+  state: PageSessionState,
+  status: ExtensionPostStatus,
+): state is TrackedPostSessionState {
+  return state.kind === "TRACKED_POST" && status.tabSessionId === state.tabSessionId;
 }
 
-export function isCurrentSessionPostStatus(
-  currentState: PageSessionState,
-  status: ParsedExtensionPageStatus | null,
-): status is Extract<ParsedExtensionPageStatus, { kind: "POST" }> {
-  if (status?.kind !== "POST" || currentState.kind !== "TRACKED_POST") {
-    return false;
-  }
-
-  return (
-    status.tabSessionId === currentState.tabSessionId &&
-    status.platform === currentState.platform &&
-    status.externalId === currentState.externalId
-  );
-}
-
-export function shouldRefreshSkippedSessionOnMutation(
-  reason: ExtensionSkippedReason,
-  adapterPresent: boolean,
-): boolean {
-  if (!adapterPresent) {
-    return false;
-  }
-
+/**
+ * Skips decided from the page rather than final content can be lifted by
+ * later DOM changes (a paywall removed after login, a post finishing
+ * rendering), so they are re-evaluated on mutation.
+ */
+export function shouldRefreshSkippedSessionOnMutation(reason: ExtensionSkippedReason): boolean {
   return reason === "unsupported_content" || reason === "no_text" || reason === "private_or_gated";
 }
diff --git a/src/typescript/extension/src/content/sync-retry-policy.ts b/src/typescript/extension/src/content/sync-retry-policy.ts
index 55bd2e0..50e5017 100644
--- a/src/typescript/extension/src/content/sync-retry-policy.ts
+++ b/src/typescript/extension/src/content/sync-retry-policy.ts
@@ -1,51 +1,63 @@
-export interface SyncRetryState {
-  pendingSessionKey: string | null;
-  nextDelayMs: number;
-}
+import type { ExtensionRuntimeErrorCode } from "@openerrata/shared";
+import { ExtensionRuntimeError, isExtensionContextInvalidatedError } from "../lib/runtime-error.js";
 
-export type SyncTrackedSnapshotErrorPolicy =
-  | {
-      matches: (error: unknown) => boolean;
-      action: "RESET_AND_SYNC_CACHED_FAILURE";
-      warningMessage: string;
-    }
-  | {
-      matches: (error: unknown) => boolean;
-      action: "RESET_ONLY";
-    };
+/** Retry schedule for a page session whose sync with the background failed. */
+export type SyncRetryState =
+  | { kind: "NONE" }
+  | { kind: "SCHEDULED"; sessionKey: string; attempt: number };
 
-export function createInitialSyncRetryState(initialDelayMs: number): SyncRetryState {
-  return {
-    pendingSessionKey: null,
-    nextDelayMs: initialDelayMs,
-  };
-}
+export const NO_SYNC_RETRY: SyncRetryState = { kind: "NONE" };
 
 export function hasPendingRetryForSession(
   retryState: SyncRetryState,
   sessionKey: string | null,
 ): boolean {
-  return sessionKey !== null && retryState.pendingSessionKey === sessionKey;
+  return retryState.kind === "SCHEDULED" && retryState.sessionKey === sessionKey;
 }
 
+/** Exponential backoff: `initialDelayMs * 2^attempt`, capped at `maxDelayMs`. */
 export function scheduleSyncRetry(
   retryState: SyncRetryState,
   sessionKey: string,
-  maxDelayMs: number,
+  delays: { initialDelayMs: number; maxDelayMs: number },
 ): { nextState: SyncRetryState; delayMs: number } {
-  const delayMs = retryState.nextDelayMs;
+  const attempt =
+    retryState.kind === "SCHEDULED" && retryState.sessionKey === sessionKey
+      ? retryState.attempt + 1
+      : 0;
   return {
-    delayMs,
-    nextState: {
-      pendingSessionKey: sessionKey,
-      nextDelayMs: Math.min(retryState.nextDelayMs * 2, maxDelayMs),
-    },
+    delayMs: Math.min(delays.initialDelayMs * 2 ** attempt, delays.maxDelayMs),
+    nextState: { kind: "SCHEDULED", sessionKey, attempt },
   };
 }
 
-export function resolveSyncTrackedSnapshotErrorPolicy(
-  error: unknown,
-  policies: readonly SyncTrackedSnapshotErrorPolicy[],
-): SyncTrackedSnapshotErrorPolicy | null {
-  return policies.find((candidate) => candidate.matches(error)) ?? null;
+/**
+ * Failures retrying cannot fix: the request itself is unacceptable, or the
+ * extension's version or settings are. The background has already cached an
+ * API_ERROR status for the session.
+ */
+const NON_RETRYABLE_ERROR_CODES: ReadonlySet<ExtensionRuntimeErrorCode> = new Set([
+  "PAYLOAD_TOO_LARGE",
+  "UPGRADE_REQUIRED",
+  "MALFORMED_EXTENSION_VERSION",
+  "INVALID_EXTENSION_MESSAGE",
+  "INVALID_EXTENSION_SETTINGS",
+]);
+
+type SyncFailureAction =
+  /** The extension was reloaded or removed; this content script is orphaned. */
+  { kind: "SHUT_DOWN" } | { kind: "GIVE_UP" } | { kind: "RETRY" };
+
+export function syncFailureAction(error: unknown): SyncFailureAction {
+  if (isExtensionContextInvalidatedError(error)) {
+    return { kind: "SHUT_DOWN" };
+  }
+  if (
+    error instanceof ExtensionRuntimeError &&
+    error.errorCode !== undefined &&
+    NON_RETRYABLE_ERROR_CODES.has(error.errorCode)
+  ) {
+    return { kind: "GIVE_UP" };
+  }
+  return { kind: "RETRY" };
 }
diff --git a/src/typescript/extension/src/content/sync.ts b/src/typescript/extension/src/content/sync.ts
index e55153d..79a211d 100644
--- a/src/typescript/extension/src/content/sync.ts
+++ b/src/typescript/extension/src/content/sync.ts
@@ -1,120 +1,43 @@
-import {
-  EXTENSION_MESSAGE_PROTOCOL_VERSION,
-  type ExtensionSkippedReason,
-  type Platform,
-  type PlatformContent,
-  type InvestigateNowOutput,
-  type ViewPostInput,
-  type ViewPostOutput,
+import type {
+  BackgroundRequestPayload,
+  BackgroundRequestType,
+  BackgroundResponse,
+  ExtensionPostStatus,
+  PlatformContent,
+  TabSessionId,
 } from "@openerrata/shared";
 import browser from "webextension-polyfill";
-import {
-  isExtensionContextInvalidatedError,
-  UPGRADE_REQUIRED_STORAGE_KEY,
-} from "../lib/runtime-error.js";
-import {
-  parseCachedStatusResponse,
-  parseInvestigateNowResponse,
-  parseViewPostResponse,
-} from "../lib/sync-response.js";
+import { sendBackgroundRequest } from "../lib/messaging.js";
 
-export type ParsedExtensionPageStatus = Exclude<ReturnType<typeof parseCachedStatusResponse>, null>;
-
-type CachedStatusListener = () => void;
-
-export class ContentSyncClient {
-  sendPageReset(tabSessionId: number): void {
-    void browser.runtime
-      .sendMessage({
-        v: EXTENSION_MESSAGE_PROTOCOL_VERSION,
-        type: "PAGE_RESET",
-        payload: { tabSessionId },
-      })
-      .catch((error: unknown) => {
-        if (isExtensionContextInvalidatedError(error)) {
-          return;
-        }
-        console.error("Failed to send PAGE_RESET to background:", error);
-      });
-  }
+async function request<Type extends BackgroundRequestType>(
+  type: Type,
+  payload: BackgroundRequestPayload<Type>,
+): Promise<BackgroundResponse<Type>> {
+  return sendBackgroundRequest((message) => browser.runtime.sendMessage(message), type, payload);
+}
 
-  sendPageSkipped(input: {
-    tabSessionId: number;
-    platform: Platform;
-    externalId: string;
-    pageUrl: string;
-    reason: ExtensionSkippedReason;
-  }): void {
-    void browser.runtime
-      .sendMessage({
-        v: EXTENSION_MESSAGE_PROTOCOL_VERSION,
-        type: "PAGE_SKIPPED",
-        payload: input,
-      })
-      .catch((error: unknown) => {
-        if (isExtensionContextInvalidatedError(error)) {
-          return;
-        }
-        console.error("Failed to send PAGE_SKIPPED to background:", error);
-      });
-  }
+/** The content script's side of the background protocol, for one tab. */
+export const contentSyncClient = {
+  async sendPageReset(tabSessionId: TabSessionId): Promise<void> {
+    await request("PAGE_RESET", { tabSessionId });
+  },
 
-  async sendPageContent(tabSessionId: number, content: PlatformContent): Promise<ViewPostOutput> {
-    const response = await browser.runtime.sendMessage({
-      v: EXTENSION_MESSAGE_PROTOCOL_VERSION,
-      type: "PAGE_CONTENT",
-      payload: {
-        tabSessionId,
-        content,
-      },
-    });
+  async sendPageSkipped(payload: BackgroundRequestPayload<"PAGE_SKIPPED">): Promise<void> {
+    await request("PAGE_SKIPPED", payload);
+  },
 
-    return parseViewPostResponse(response);
-  }
+  /** Register the observed content; resolves to the status cached for the session. */
+  async sendPageContent(
+    tabSessionId: TabSessionId,
+    content: PlatformContent,
+  ): Promise<ExtensionPostStatus> {
+    return request("PAGE_CONTENT", { tabSessionId, content });
+  },
 
   async requestInvestigation(
-    tabSessionId: number,
-    request: ViewPostInput,
-  ): Promise<InvestigateNowOutput> {
-    const response = await browser.runtime.sendMessage({
-      v: EXTENSION_MESSAGE_PROTOCOL_VERSION,
-      type: "INVESTIGATE_NOW",
-      payload: {
-        tabSessionId,
-        request,
-      },
-    });
-
-    return parseInvestigateNowResponse(response);
-  }
-
-  async getCachedStatus(): Promise<ParsedExtensionPageStatus | null> {
-    const response = await browser.runtime.sendMessage({
-      v: EXTENSION_MESSAGE_PROTOCOL_VERSION,
-      type: "GET_CACHED",
-    });
-    return parseCachedStatusResponse(response);
-  }
-
-  installCachedStatusListener(listener: CachedStatusListener): () => void {
-    const onStorageChanged: Parameters<typeof browser.storage.onChanged.addListener>[0] = (
-      changes,
-      areaName,
-    ) => {
-      if (areaName !== "local") return;
-      if (
-        !Object.keys(changes).some(
-          (key) => key.startsWith("tab:") || key === UPGRADE_REQUIRED_STORAGE_KEY,
-        )
-      ) {
-        return;
-      }
-      listener();
-    };
-
-    browser.storage.onChanged.addListener(onStorageChanged);
-    return () => {
-      browser.storage.onChanged.removeListener(onStorageChanged);
-    };
-  }
-}
+    tabSessionId: TabSessionId,
+    content: PlatformContent,
+  ): Promise<ExtensionPostStatus> {
+    return request("INVESTIGATE_NOW", { tabSessionId, content });
+  },
+};
diff --git a/src/typescript/extension/src/lib/messaging.ts b/src/typescript/extension/src/lib/messaging.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..23f4cb4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/typescript/extension/src/lib/messaging.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,180 @@
+/**
+ * Typed request/response helpers over the extension message protocol
+ * (`BACKGROUND_REQUESTS` / `CONTENT_REQUESTS` in the shared package). Senders
+ * get typed responses, handlers are a table keyed by message type, and both
+ * sides validate what they receive against the same request map.
+ *
+ * This module takes the transport (`runtime.sendMessage` / `tabs.sendMessage`)
+ * as a parameter so it stays free of browser globals.
+ */
+import {
+  BACKGROUND_REQUESTS,
+  CONTENT_REQUESTS,
+  parseBackgroundRequestPayload,
+  parseBackgroundResponseEnvelope,
+  parseContentRequestPayload,
+  parseContentResponseEnvelope,
+  type BackgroundRequestPayload,
+  type BackgroundRequestType,
+  type BackgroundResponse,
+  type ContentRequestPayload,
+  type ContentRequestType,
+  type ContentResponse,
+  type ExtensionRuntimeErrorResponse,
+  type ProtocolParseResult,
+  type ProtocolResponseEnvelope,
+} from "@openerrata/shared";
+import { ExtensionRuntimeError, isNoReceivingEndError } from "./runtime-error.js";
+
+type ResponseEnvelope = { ok: true; value: unknown } | ExtensionRuntimeErrorResponse;
+
+/** What a runtime message listener returns: always a promise, so error replies are delivered too. */
+type ListenerReply = Promise<ResponseEnvelope>;
+
+export type BackgroundRequestHandlers<Sender> = {
+  [Type in BackgroundRequestType]: (
+    payload: BackgroundRequestPayload<Type>,
+    sender: Sender,
+  ) => Promise<BackgroundResponse<Type>>;
+};
+
+export type ContentRequestHandlers = {
+  [Type in ContentRequestType]: (
+    payload: ContentRequestPayload<Type>,
+  ) => Promise<ContentResponse<Type>> | ContentResponse<Type>;
+};
+
+function invalidMessageReply(error: string): ListenerReply {
+  return Promise.resolve({ ok: false, error, errorCode: "INVALID_EXTENSION_MESSAGE" });
+}
+
+function readEnvelope(message: unknown): { type: string; payload: unknown } | null {
+  if (typeof message !== "object" || message === null) return null;
+  if (!("type" in message) || !("payload" in message)) return null;
+  const { type, payload } = message;
+  return typeof type === "string" ? { type, payload } : null;
+}
+
+/** The value of a response envelope, or its error as an `ExtensionRuntimeError`. */
+function unwrapEnvelope<Value>(
+  type: string,
+  envelope: ProtocolParseResult<ProtocolResponseEnvelope<Value>>,
+): Value {
+  if (!envelope.success) {
+    throw new ExtensionRuntimeError(
+      `Malformed ${type} response: ${envelope.error}`,
+      "INVALID_EXTENSION_MESSAGE",
+    );
+  }
+  if (!envelope.data.ok) {
+    throw new ExtensionRuntimeError(envelope.data.error, envelope.data.errorCode);
+  }
+  return envelope.data.value;
+}
+
+function isBackgroundRequestType(type: string): type is BackgroundRequestType {
+  return Object.hasOwn(BACKGROUND_REQUESTS, type);
+}
+
+function isContentRequestType(type: string): type is ContentRequestType {
+  return Object.hasOwn(CONTENT_REQUESTS, type);
+}
+
+// ── Background requests (content script / popup → background) ─────────────
+
+export async function sendBackgroundRequest<Type extends BackgroundRequestType>(
+  sendMessage: (message: unknown) => Promise<unknown>,
+  type: Type,
+  payload: BackgroundRequestPayload<Type>,
+): Promise<BackgroundResponse<Type>> {
+  const raw = await sendMessage({ type, payload });
+  return unwrapEnvelope(type, parseBackgroundResponseEnvelope(type, raw));
+}
+
+async function dispatchBackgroundRequest<Type extends BackgroundRequestType, Sender>(
+  type: Type,
+  handler: BackgroundRequestHandlers<Sender>[Type],
+  rawPayload: unknown,
+  sender: Sender,
+): Promise<ResponseEnvelope> {
+  const payload = parseBackgroundRequestPayload(type, rawPayload);
+  if (!payload.success) {
+    return invalidMessageReply(`Invalid ${type} payload: ${payload.error}`);
+  }
+  return { ok: true, value: await handler(payload.data, sender) };
+}
+
+/**
+ * A `runtime.onMessage` listener serving the background request map. Handler
+ * failures become `{ ok: false }` replies via `toErrorResponse`.
+ */
+export function createBackgroundRequestListener<Sender>(
+  handlers: BackgroundRequestHandlers<Sender>,
+  toErrorResponse: (error: unknown) => Promise<ExtensionRuntimeErrorResponse>,
+): (message: unknown, sender: Sender) => ListenerReply {
+  return (message, sender) => {
+    const envelope = readEnvelope(message);
+    if (envelope === null || !isBackgroundRequestType(envelope.type)) {
+      return invalidMessageReply("Unrecognized background request");
+    }
+    return dispatchBackgroundRequest(
+      envelope.type,
+      handlers[envelope.type],
+      envelope.payload,
+      sender,
+    ).catch(toErrorResponse);
+  };
+}
+
+// ── Content requests (background / popup → content script) ────────────────
+
+/** Outcome of messaging a tab: its content script answered, or the tab has none. */
+export type TabDelivery<Value> = { kind: "DELIVERED"; value: Value } | { kind: "NO_RECEIVER" };
+
+export async function sendContentRequest<Type extends ContentRequestType>(
+  sendTabMessage: (message: unknown) => Promise<unknown>,
+  type: Type,
+  payload: ContentRequestPayload<Type>,
+): Promise<TabDelivery<ContentResponse<Type>>> {
+  let raw: unknown;
+  try {
+    raw = await sendTabMessage({ type, payload });
+  } catch (error) {
+    if (isNoReceivingEndError(error)) {
+      return { kind: "NO_RECEIVER" };
+    }
+    throw error;
+  }
+  return {
+    kind: "DELIVERED",
+    value: unwrapEnvelope(type, parseContentResponseEnvelope(type, raw)),
+  };
+}
+
+async function dispatchContentRequest<Type extends ContentRequestType>(
+  type: Type,
+  handler: ContentRequestHandlers[Type],
+  rawPayload: unknown,
+): Promise<ResponseEnvelope> {
+  const payload = parseContentRequestPayload(type, rawPayload);
+  if (!payload.success) {
+    return invalidMessageReply(`Invalid ${type} payload: ${payload.error}`);
+  }
+  return { ok: true, value: await handler(payload.data) };
+}
+
+/** A `runtime.onMessage` listener for a content script, serving the content request map. */
+export function createContentRequestListener(
+  handlers: ContentRequestHandlers,
+  toErrorResponse: (error: unknown) => ExtensionRuntimeErrorResponse,
+): (message: unknown) => ListenerReply {
+  return (message) => {
+    const envelope = readEnvelope(message);
+    if (envelope === null || !isContentRequestType(envelope.type)) {
+      return invalidMessageReply("Unrecognized content request");
+    }
+    return dispatchContentRequest(envelope.type, handlers[envelope.type], envelope.payload).catch(
+      (error: unknown) => toErrorResponse(error),
+    );
+  };
+}
diff --git a/src/typescript/extension/src/lib/page-bootstrap.ts b/src/typescript/extension/src/lib/page-bootstrap.ts
index ab2e9b6..f4880cc 100644
--- a/src/typescript/extension/src/lib/page-bootstrap.ts
+++ b/src/typescript/extension/src/lib/page-bootstrap.ts
@@ -1,36 +1,4 @@
-import browser from "webextension-polyfill";
-
-interface PageIdentity {
-  pageLabel: string;
-}
-
-type StylesheetBootstrapOptions = PageIdentity & {
-  stylesheetAsset: string;
-};
-
-type MountBootstrapOptions = PageIdentity & {
-  mountId?: string;
-};
-
-export function ensurePageStylesheet(options: StylesheetBootstrapOptions): void {
-  const expectedHref = browser.runtime.getURL(options.stylesheetAsset);
-  const stylesheetLinks = Array.from(
-    document.querySelectorAll<HTMLLinkElement>('link[rel="stylesheet"]'),
-  );
-  const hasExpectedStylesheet = stylesheetLinks.some((link) => link.href === expectedHref);
-  if (hasExpectedStylesheet) return;
-
-  const fallbackLink = document.createElement("link");
-  fallbackLink.rel = "stylesheet";
-  fallbackLink.href = expectedHref;
-  document.head.appendChild(fallbackLink);
-
-  console.warn(
-    `[${options.pageLabel}] missing stylesheet link; injected fallback href=${expectedHref}`,
-  );
-}
-
-export function requireMountTarget(options: MountBootstrapOptions): HTMLElement {
+export function requireMountTarget(options: { pageLabel: string; mountId?: string }): HTMLElement {
   const mountId = options.mountId ?? "app";
   const target = document.getElementById(mountId);
   if (!target) {
diff --git a/src/typescript/extension/src/lib/page-locator.ts b/src/typescript/extension/src/lib/page-locator.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fa76d2f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/typescript/extension/src/lib/page-locator.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,202 @@
+/**
+ * What a page URL alone says about which post it shows (spec §3.8). URLs are
+ * parsed here, once, for every consumer: adapters (post identity and
+ * metadata), the content script (session keys of skipped pages), the
+ * background (which tabs may need a content script) and the popup (whether a
+ * cached status still describes the tab's page).
+ *
+ * A locator is not always the post's external ID: Substack URLs carry a slug
+ * (the external ID is the numeric post ID from page metadata) and Wikipedia
+ * URLs may carry only a title (the external ID needs the page ID).
+ */
+import {
+  parseWikipediaUrlIdentity,
+  type Platform,
+  type WikipediaUrlIdentity,
+} from "@openerrata/shared";
+
+export type PageLocator =
+  | { platform: "LESSWRONG"; postId: string; slug: string | null }
+  | { platform: "X"; tweetId: string; authorHandle: string | null }
+  | { platform: "SUBSTACK"; origin: string; slug: string }
+  | { platform: "WIKIPEDIA"; article: WikipediaUrlIdentity };
+
+const LESSWRONG_HOSTS = new Set(["lesswrong.com", "www.lesswrong.com"]);
+const LESSWRONG_POST_PATH_REGEX = /^\/posts\/([A-Za-z0-9]+)(?:\/([^/?#]*))?(?:\/|$)/;
+
+const X_HOSTS = ["x.com", "twitter.com"] as const;
+const X_HANDLE_STATUS_PATH_REGEX = /^\/([^/]+)\/status\/(\d+)(?:\/|$)/i;
+const X_ANONYMOUS_STATUS_PATH_REGEXES = [
+  /^\/i\/web\/status\/(\d+)(?:\/|$)/i,
+  /^\/i\/status\/(\d+)(?:\/|$)/i,
+] as const;
+/** First path segments that are X app routes, not user handles. */
+const X_RESERVED_HANDLE_SEGMENTS = new Set([
+  "compose",
+  "explore",
+  "home",
+  "i",
+  "intent",
+  "login",
+  "messages",
+  "notifications",
+  "search",
+  "settings",
+  "signup",
+]);
+
+const SUBSTACK_POST_PATH_REGEX = /^\/p\/([^/?#]+)/i;
+const SUBSTACK_HOST_REGEX = /(^|\.)substack\.com$/i;
+
+function parseUrl(url: string): URL | null {
+  try {
+    return new URL(url);
+  } catch {
+    return null;
+  }
+}
+
+function decodePathSegment(segment: string): string {
+  try {
+    return decodeURIComponent(segment);
+  } catch {
+    return segment;
+  }
+}
+
+/** A user handle from a URL path segment, or null for app routes. */
+export function normalizeXHandle(raw: string | null | undefined): string | null {
+  if (raw === null || raw === undefined) return null;
+  const handle = raw.trim().replace(/^@/, "");
+  if (handle.length === 0 || X_RESERVED_HANDLE_SEGMENTS.has(handle.toLowerCase())) return null;
+  return handle;
+}
+
+/** Status ID (and author handle when the path names one) of an X status path. */
+export function parseXStatusPath(
+  pathname: string,
+): { tweetId: string; authorHandle: string | null } | null {
+  for (const regex of X_ANONYMOUS_STATUS_PATH_REGEXES) {
+    const tweetId = regex.exec(pathname)?.[1];
+    if (tweetId !== undefined) return { tweetId, authorHandle: null };
+  }
+  const handleMatch = X_HANDLE_STATUS_PATH_REGEX.exec(pathname);
+  const tweetId = handleMatch?.[2];
+  if (tweetId === undefined) return null;
+  return { tweetId, authorHandle: normalizeXHandle(handleMatch?.[1]) };
+}
+
+function isXHost(hostname: string): boolean {
+  const normalized = hostname.toLowerCase();
+  return X_HOSTS.some((host) => normalized === host || normalized.endsWith(`.${host}`));
+}
+
+export function isSubstackHost(hostname: string): boolean {
+  return SUBSTACK_HOST_REGEX.test(hostname) && hostname.toLowerCase() !== "substack.com";
+}
+
+function lesswrongLocator(url: URL): PageLocator | null {
+  if (!LESSWRONG_HOSTS.has(url.hostname.toLowerCase())) return null;
+  const match = LESSWRONG_POST_PATH_REGEX.exec(url.pathname);
+  const postId = match?.[1];
+  if (postId === undefined) return null;
+  const slug = match?.[2];
+  return {
+    platform: "LESSWRONG",
+    postId,
+    slug: slug === undefined || slug.length === 0 ? null : decodePathSegment(slug),
+  };
+}
+
+function xLocator(url: URL): PageLocator | null {
+  if (!isXHost(url.hostname)) return null;
+  const status = parseXStatusPath(url.pathname);
+  return status === null ? null : { platform: "X", ...status };
+}
+
+/** Any host's `/p/{slug}` path: custom-domain Substack publications use arbitrary hosts. */
+function substackLocator(url: URL): PageLocator | null {
+  const slug = SUBSTACK_POST_PATH_REGEX.exec(url.pathname)?.[1];
+  if (slug === undefined) return null;
+  return { platform: "SUBSTACK", origin: url.origin, slug: decodePathSegment(slug) };
+}
+
+function wikipediaLocator(url: URL): PageLocator | null {
+  const article = parseWikipediaUrlIdentity(url.href);
+  return article === null ? null : { platform: "WIKIPEDIA", article };
+}
+
+/**
+ * The locator of `url` read as a page of `platform`, or null if the URL cannot
+ * be a post page of that platform. For Substack any host qualifies (custom
+ * domains); whether the page really is Substack is a DOM question.
+ */
+export function pageLocatorFor(platform: Platform, url: string): PageLocator | null {
+  const parsed = parseUrl(url);
+  if (parsed === null) return null;
+  switch (platform) {
+    case "LESSWRONG":
+      return lesswrongLocator(parsed);
+    case "X":
+      return xLocator(parsed);
+    case "SUBSTACK":
+      return substackLocator(parsed);
+    case "WIKIPEDIA":
+      return wikipediaLocator(parsed);
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * The locator of a post page on one of the platforms' own hosts (URL-first
+ * platform detection). Custom-domain Substack pages are not recognized here.
+ */
+export function knownHostPageLocator(url: string): PageLocator | null {
+  const parsed = parseUrl(url);
+  if (parsed === null) return null;
+  return (
+    lesswrongLocator(parsed) ??
+    xLocator(parsed) ??
+    (isSubstackHost(parsed.hostname) ? substackLocator(parsed) : null) ??
+    wikipediaLocator(parsed)
+  );
+}
+
+/** A `/p/{slug}` page on a host that is not a known platform host. */
+export function isPossibleCustomDomainSubstackPage(url: string): boolean {
+  return knownHostPageLocator(url) === null && pageLocatorFor("SUBSTACK", url) !== null;
+}
+
+/** Stable string form of a locator, for session keys. */
+export function pageLocatorKey(locator: PageLocator): string {
+  switch (locator.platform) {
+    case "LESSWRONG":
+      return `LESSWRONG:${locator.postId}`;
+    case "X":
+      return `X:${locator.tweetId}`;
+    case "SUBSTACK":
+      return `SUBSTACK:${locator.origin}/p/${locator.slug}`;
+    case "WIKIPEDIA": {
+      const { article } = locator;
+      return article.kind === "PAGE_ID"
+        ? `WIKIPEDIA:${article.language}:page:${article.pageId}`
+        : `WIKIPEDIA:${article.language}:title:${article.title}`;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Whether two locators denote the same post page. Wikipedia URLs name an
+ * article by page ID and/or title, so they match when either agrees.
+ */
+export function isSamePage(left: PageLocator, right: PageLocator): boolean {
+  if (left.platform === "WIKIPEDIA" && right.platform === "WIKIPEDIA") {
+    const a = left.article;
+    const b = right.article;
+    if (a.language !== b.language) return false;
+    const aPageId = a.kind === "PAGE_ID" ? a.pageId : null;
+    const bPageId = b.kind === "PAGE_ID" ? b.pageId : null;
+    if (aPageId !== null && bPageId !== null) return aPageId === bPageId;
+    return a.title !== null && a.title === b.title;
+  }
+  return pageLocatorKey(left) === pageLocatorKey(right);
+}
diff --git a/src/typescript/extension/src/lib/post-identity.ts b/src/typescript/extension/src/lib/post-identity.ts
deleted file mode 100644
index 1c08ad2..0000000
--- a/src/typescript/extension/src/lib/post-identity.ts
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,71 +0,0 @@
-import type { Platform } from "@openerrata/shared";
-import { parseWikipediaIdentity } from "./wikipedia-url.js";
-
-const LESSWRONG_EXTERNAL_ID_RE =
-  /(?:www\.)?lesswrong\.com\/posts\/([A-Za-z0-9]+)(?:\/[^/?#]*)?(?:[/?#]|$)/i;
-const X_HANDLE_STATUS_RE = /(?:x\.com|twitter\.com)\/[^/]+\/status\/(\d+)/i;
-const X_WEB_STATUS_RE = /(?:x\.com|twitter\.com)\/i\/web\/status\/(\d+)/i;
-const X_I_STATUS_RE = /(?:x\.com|twitter\.com)\/i\/status\/(\d+)/i;
-const SUBSTACK_POST_RE = /(?:[a-z0-9-]+\.)substack\.com\/p\/([^/?#]+)(?:[/?#]|$)/i;
-
-export interface SupportedPageIdentity {
-  platform: Platform;
-  externalId: string;
-}
-
-export function parseSupportedPageIdentity(url: string): SupportedPageIdentity | null {
-  const lesswrongMatch = LESSWRONG_EXTERNAL_ID_RE.exec(url);
-  const lesswrongExternalId = lesswrongMatch?.[1];
-  if (lesswrongExternalId !== undefined && lesswrongExternalId.length > 0) {
-    return {
-      platform: "LESSWRONG",
-      externalId: lesswrongExternalId,
-    };
-  }
-
-  const xHandleMatch = X_HANDLE_STATUS_RE.exec(url);
-  const xHandleExternalId = xHandleMatch?.[1];
-  if (xHandleExternalId !== undefined && xHandleExternalId.length > 0) {
-    return {
-      platform: "X",
-      externalId: xHandleExternalId,
-    };
-  }
-
-  const xWebMatch = X_WEB_STATUS_RE.exec(url);
-  const xWebExternalId = xWebMatch?.[1];
-  if (xWebExternalId !== undefined && xWebExternalId.length > 0) {
-    return {
-      platform: "X",
-      externalId: xWebExternalId,
-    };
-  }
-
-  const xIStatusMatch = X_I_STATUS_RE.exec(url);
-  const xIStatusExternalId = xIStatusMatch?.[1];
-  if (xIStatusExternalId !== undefined && xIStatusExternalId.length > 0) {
-    return {
-      platform: "X",
-      externalId: xIStatusExternalId,
-    };
-  }
-
-  const substackMatch = SUBSTACK_POST_RE.exec(url);
-  const substackExternalId = substackMatch?.[1];
-  if (substackExternalId !== undefined && substackExternalId.length > 0) {
-    return {
-      platform: "SUBSTACK",
-      externalId: substackExternalId,
-    };
-  }
-
-  const wikipediaIdentity = parseWikipediaIdentity(url);
-  if (wikipediaIdentity !== null) {
-    return {
-      platform: "WIKIPEDIA",
-      externalId: wikipediaIdentity.externalId,
-    };
-  }
-
-  return null;
-}
diff --git a/src/typescript/extension/src/lib/protocol-version.ts b/src/typescript/extension/src/lib/protocol-version.ts
deleted file mode 100644
index 452268c..0000000
--- a/src/typescript/extension/src/lib/protocol-version.ts
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,37 +0,0 @@
-import {
-  EXTENSION_MESSAGE_PROTOCOL_VERSION,
-  extensionRuntimeErrorResponseSchema,
-} from "@openerrata/shared";
-
-type ExtensionRuntimeErrorResponse = ReturnType<typeof extensionRuntimeErrorResponseSchema.parse>;
-
-interface ProtocolMessageEnvelope {
-  type: unknown;
-  v: unknown;
-}
-
-function isProtocolMessageEnvelope(message: unknown): message is ProtocolMessageEnvelope {
-  return typeof message === "object" && message !== null && "type" in message && "v" in message;
-}
-
-export function unsupportedProtocolVersionResponse(
-  message: unknown,
-): ExtensionRuntimeErrorResponse | null {
-  if (!isProtocolMessageEnvelope(message)) {
-    return null;
-  }
-
-  if (typeof message.type !== "string" || typeof message.v !== "number") {
-    return null;
-  }
-
-  if (message.v === EXTENSION_MESSAGE_PROTOCOL_VERSION) {
-    return null;
-  }
-
-  return extensionRuntimeErrorResponseSchema.parse({
-    ok: false,
-    error: `Unsupported extension message protocol version: expected ${EXTENSION_MESSAGE_PROTOCOL_VERSION}, received ${message.v}`,
-    errorCode: "UNSUPPORTED_PROTOCOL_VERSION",
-  });
-}
diff --git a/src/typescript/extension/src/lib/runtime-error.ts b/src/typescript/extension/src/lib/runtime-error.ts
index b0c3a51..b390bf1 100644
--- a/src/typescript/extension/src/lib/runtime-error.ts
+++ b/src/typescript/extension/src/lib/runtime-error.ts
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 import type { ExtensionRuntimeErrorCode } from "@openerrata/shared";
 
-export const UPGRADE_REQUIRED_STORAGE_KEY = "runtime:upgrade-required";
-
+/** An error reported across an extension message boundary, with its protocol error code. */
 export class ExtensionRuntimeError extends Error {
   readonly errorCode: ExtensionRuntimeErrorCode | undefined;
 
@@ -12,38 +11,27 @@ export class ExtensionRuntimeError extends Error {
   }
 }
 
-export function isPayloadTooLargeRuntimeError(error: unknown): boolean {
-  return error instanceof ExtensionRuntimeError && error.errorCode === "PAYLOAD_TOO_LARGE";
-}
-
-export function isUpgradeRequiredRuntimeError(error: unknown): boolean {
-  return error instanceof ExtensionRuntimeError && error.errorCode === "UPGRADE_REQUIRED";
+export function hasRuntimeErrorCode(error: unknown, errorCode: ExtensionRuntimeErrorCode): boolean {
+  return error instanceof ExtensionRuntimeError && error.errorCode === errorCode;
 }
 
-export function isMalformedExtensionVersionRuntimeError(error: unknown): boolean {
-  return (
-    error instanceof ExtensionRuntimeError && error.errorCode === "MALFORMED_EXTENSION_VERSION"
-  );
-}
-
-export function isInvalidExtensionMessageRuntimeError(error: unknown): boolean {
-  return error instanceof ExtensionRuntimeError && error.errorCode === "INVALID_EXTENSION_MESSAGE";
-}
-
-const EXTENSION_CONTEXT_INVALIDATED_PATTERNS = [
-  "Extension context invalidated",
-  "Could not establish connection. Receiving end does not exist.",
-  "The message port closed before a response was received.",
-] as const;
-
 function errorMessage(error: unknown): string {
-  if (error instanceof Error) {
-    return error.message;
-  }
-  return String(error);
+  return error instanceof Error ? error.message : String(error);
 }
 
+/**
+ * The calling script belongs to an extension instance that was reloaded,
+ * updated or removed: it can never reach the background again.
+ */
 export function isExtensionContextInvalidatedError(error: unknown): boolean {
-  const message = errorMessage(error);
-  return EXTENSION_CONTEXT_INVALIDATED_PATTERNS.some((pattern) => message.includes(pattern));
+  return errorMessage(error).includes("Extension context invalidated");
+}
+
+/**
+ * `tabs.sendMessage` found no listener in the tab (no content script there).
+ * This is an expected outcome of probing a tab, not a fault — every other
+ * messaging error is.
+ */
+export function isNoReceivingEndError(error: unknown): boolean {
+  return errorMessage(error).includes("Receiving end does not exist");
 }
diff --git a/src/typescript/extension/src/lib/settings-core.ts b/src/typescript/extension/src/lib/settings-core.ts
index 6a69a69..41e7b45 100644
--- a/src/typescript/extension/src/lib/settings-core.ts
+++ b/src/typescript/extension/src/lib/settings-core.ts
@@ -5,7 +5,6 @@ export interface ExtensionSettings {
   apiKey: string;
   openaiApiKey: string;
   autoInvestigate: boolean;
-  hmacSecret: string;
 }
 
 const LOCAL_DEV_HOSTNAMES = new Set(["localhost", "host.docker.internal"]);
@@ -13,24 +12,23 @@ const LOCAL_DEV_HOSTNAMES = new Set(["localhost", "host.docker.internal"]);
 export const API_BASE_URL_REQUIREMENTS_MESSAGE =
   "API Server URL must use HTTPS. HTTP is allowed only for localhost and private-network development addresses.";
 
-export const DEFAULT_EXTENSION_SETTINGS: ExtensionSettings = {
-  apiBaseUrl: "https://api.openerrata.com",
-  apiKey: "",
-  openaiApiKey: "",
-  autoInvestigate: false,
-  hmacSecret: "",
-};
-
-export const SETTINGS_KEYS = [
-  "apiBaseUrl",
-  "apiKey",
-  "openaiApiKey",
-  "autoInvestigate",
-  "hmacSecret",
-] as const;
+/** The hosted API, used when the user never configured an API Server URL. */
+export const DEFAULT_API_BASE_URL = "https://api.openerrata.com";
+
+export const SETTINGS_KEYS = ["apiBaseUrl", "apiKey", "openaiApiKey", "autoInvestigate"] as const;
 
 export type StoredSettings = Partial<Record<(typeof SETTINGS_KEYS)[number], unknown>>;
 
+/**
+ * Settings as read from storage. Unset values take their documented defaults;
+ * a value that is set but unusable (e.g. an API URL that fails validation) is
+ * an error the user must fix — never silently replaced by a default, which
+ * would e.g. send a self-hoster's page content to the hosted API.
+ */
+export type SettingsLoadResult =
+  | { kind: "VALID"; settings: ExtensionSettings }
+  | { kind: "INVALID"; problem: string };
+
 function normalizeIpLiteralHost(hostname: string): string {
   const unwrapped =
     hostname.startsWith("[") && hostname.endsWith("]") ? hostname.slice(1, -1) : hostname;
@@ -105,33 +103,63 @@ export function normalizeApiBaseUrl(value: unknown): string | null {
   }
 }
 
-function normalizeApiKey(value: unknown): string {
-  if (typeof value !== "string") return "";
-  return value.trim();
+type SettingRead<Value> = { ok: true; value: Value } | { ok: false; problem: string };
+
+function readOptionalString(
+  stored: StoredSettings,
+  key: "apiKey" | "openaiApiKey",
+): SettingRead<string> {
+  const value = stored[key];
+  if (value === undefined) return { ok: true, value: "" };
+  if (typeof value !== "string") {
+    return { ok: false, problem: `Stored setting "${key}" is not a string.` };
+  }
+  return { ok: true, value: value.trim() };
 }
 
-export function normalizeOpenaiApiKey(value: unknown): string {
-  if (typeof value !== "string") return "";
-  return value.trim();
+function readAutoInvestigate(stored: StoredSettings): SettingRead<boolean> {
+  const value = stored.autoInvestigate;
+  if (value === undefined) return { ok: true, value: false };
+  if (typeof value !== "boolean") {
+    return { ok: false, problem: 'Stored setting "autoInvestigate" is not a boolean.' };
+  }
+  return { ok: true, value };
 }
 
-function normalizeAutoInvestigate(value: unknown): boolean {
-  return value === true;
+function readApiBaseUrl(stored: StoredSettings): SettingRead<string> {
+  const value = stored.apiBaseUrl;
+  if (value === undefined) return { ok: true, value: DEFAULT_API_BASE_URL };
+  const normalized = normalizeApiBaseUrl(value);
+  if (normalized === null) {
+    return {
+      ok: false,
+      problem: `Stored API Server URL ${JSON.stringify(value)} is invalid. ${API_BASE_URL_REQUIREMENTS_MESSAGE}`,
+    };
+  }
+  return { ok: true, value: normalized };
 }
 
-function normalizeHmacSecret(value: unknown): string {
-  if (typeof value !== "string") return "";
-  const trimmed = value.trim();
-  return trimmed.length > 0 ? trimmed : "";
+export function normalizeOpenaiApiKey(value: string): string {
+  return value.trim();
 }
 
-export function normalizeExtensionSettings(stored: StoredSettings): ExtensionSettings {
+export function parseStoredSettings(stored: StoredSettings): SettingsLoadResult {
+  const apiBaseUrl = readApiBaseUrl(stored);
+  const apiKey = readOptionalString(stored, "apiKey");
+  const openaiApiKey = readOptionalString(stored, "openaiApiKey");
+  const autoInvestigate = readAutoInvestigate(stored);
+  if (!apiBaseUrl.ok) return { kind: "INVALID", problem: apiBaseUrl.problem };
+  if (!apiKey.ok) return { kind: "INVALID", problem: apiKey.problem };
+  if (!openaiApiKey.ok) return { kind: "INVALID", problem: openaiApiKey.problem };
+  if (!autoInvestigate.ok) return { kind: "INVALID", problem: autoInvestigate.problem };
   return {
-    apiBaseUrl: normalizeApiBaseUrl(stored.apiBaseUrl) ?? DEFAULT_EXTENSION_SETTINGS.apiBaseUrl,
-    apiKey: normalizeApiKey(stored.apiKey),
-    openaiApiKey: normalizeOpenaiApiKey(stored.openaiApiKey),
-    autoInvestigate: normalizeAutoInvestigate(stored.autoInvestigate),
-    hmacSecret: normalizeHmacSecret(stored.hmacSecret),
+    kind: "VALID",
+    settings: {
+      apiBaseUrl: apiBaseUrl.value,
+      apiKey: apiKey.value,
+      openaiApiKey: openaiApiKey.value,
+      autoInvestigate: autoInvestigate.value,
+    },
   };
 }
 
@@ -140,10 +168,6 @@ export function apiHostPermissionFor(apiBaseUrl: string): string {
   return `${parsed.protocol}//${parsed.host}/*`;
 }
 
-export function normalizeConfiguredApiBaseUrl(value: unknown): string {
-  return normalizeApiBaseUrl(value) ?? DEFAULT_EXTENSION_SETTINGS.apiBaseUrl;
-}
-
 export function apiEndpointUrl(apiBaseUrl: string, endpointPath: string): string {
   const trimmedEndpointPath = endpointPath.replace(/^\/+/, "");
   const baseWithTrailingSlash = apiBaseUrl.endsWith("/") ? apiBaseUrl : `${apiBaseUrl}/`;
diff --git a/src/typescript/extension/src/lib/settings.ts b/src/typescript/extension/src/lib/settings.ts
index 2a6c4ad..b7263ee 100644
--- a/src/typescript/extension/src/lib/settings.ts
+++ b/src/typescript/extension/src/lib/settings.ts
@@ -1,49 +1,75 @@
 import browser from "webextension-polyfill";
 import {
   API_BASE_URL_REQUIREMENTS_MESSAGE,
-  DEFAULT_EXTENSION_SETTINGS,
+  DEFAULT_API_BASE_URL,
   SETTINGS_KEYS,
   apiEndpointUrl,
   apiHostPermissionFor,
   normalizeApiBaseUrl,
-  normalizeExtensionSettings,
   normalizeOpenaiApiKey,
+  parseStoredSettings,
   type ExtensionSettings,
+  type SettingsLoadResult,
   type StoredSettings,
 } from "./settings-core.js";
 
 export {
   API_BASE_URL_REQUIREMENTS_MESSAGE,
-  DEFAULT_EXTENSION_SETTINGS,
+  DEFAULT_API_BASE_URL,
+  SETTINGS_KEYS,
   apiEndpointUrl,
   apiHostPermissionFor,
   normalizeApiBaseUrl,
   normalizeOpenaiApiKey,
   type ExtensionSettings,
+  type SettingsLoadResult,
 };
 
-export async function loadExtensionSettings(): Promise<ExtensionSettings> {
-  const stored = (await browser.storage.local.get([...SETTINGS_KEYS])) as StoredSettings;
-  return normalizeExtensionSettings(stored);
+/** Values for the options form: what is stored, as editable text, even when it is invalid. */
+interface SettingsFormValues {
+  apiBaseUrl: string;
+  apiKey: string;
+  openaiApiKey: string;
+  autoInvestigate: boolean;
+}
+
+async function readStoredSettings(): Promise<StoredSettings> {
+  const stored = await browser.storage.local.get([...SETTINGS_KEYS]);
+  return {
+    apiBaseUrl: stored["apiBaseUrl"],
+    apiKey: stored["apiKey"],
+    openaiApiKey: stored["openaiApiKey"],
+    autoInvestigate: stored["autoInvestigate"],
+  };
+}
+
+export async function loadExtensionSettings(): Promise<SettingsLoadResult> {
+  return parseStoredSettings(await readStoredSettings());
+}
+
+export async function loadSettingsFormValues(): Promise<SettingsFormValues> {
+  const stored = await readStoredSettings();
+  const text = (value: unknown, unset: string): string =>
+    typeof value === "string" ? value : unset;
+  return {
+    apiBaseUrl: text(stored.apiBaseUrl, DEFAULT_API_BASE_URL),
+    apiKey: text(stored.apiKey, ""),
+    openaiApiKey: text(stored.openaiApiKey, ""),
+    autoInvestigate: stored.autoInvestigate === true,
+  };
 }
 
 export async function saveExtensionSettings(settings: ExtensionSettings): Promise<void> {
-  const normalized = normalizeExtensionSettings(settings);
-  await browser.storage.local.set({
-    apiBaseUrl: normalized.apiBaseUrl,
-    apiKey: normalized.apiKey,
-    openaiApiKey: normalized.openaiApiKey,
-    autoInvestigate: normalized.autoInvestigate,
-    hmacSecret: normalized.hmacSecret,
-  });
+  const parsed = parseStoredSettings(settings);
+  if (parsed.kind === "INVALID") {
+    throw new Error(parsed.problem);
+  }
+  await browser.storage.local.set({ ...parsed.settings });
 }
 
 export async function ensureApiHostPermission(apiBaseUrl: string): Promise<boolean> {
-  const originPermission = apiHostPermissionFor(apiBaseUrl);
-  const origins = [originPermission];
-
+  const origins = [apiHostPermissionFor(apiBaseUrl)];
   const alreadyGranted = await browser.permissions.contains({ origins });
   if (alreadyGranted) return true;
-
   return browser.permissions.request({ origins });
 }
diff --git a/src/typescript/extension/src/lib/storage-keys.ts b/src/typescript/extension/src/lib/storage-keys.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2b7bd3e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/typescript/extension/src/lib/storage-keys.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+/** `storage.local` key of the persisted "API requires a newer extension" state. */
+export const UPGRADE_REQUIRED_STORAGE_KEY = "runtime:upgrade-required";
+
+/** `storage.session` key of one tab's cached page status. */
+export function tabStatusStorageKey(tabId: number): string {
+  return `tab:${tabId.toString()}`;
+}
diff --git a/src/typescript/extension/src/lib/substack-url.ts b/src/typescript/extension/src/lib/substack-url.ts
deleted file mode 100644
index 27ac7cd..0000000
--- a/src/typescript/extension/src/lib/substack-url.ts
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,13 +0,0 @@
-const SUBSTACK_POST_PATH_REGEX = /^\/p\/([^/?#]+)/i;
-
-export function extractSubstackPostSlug(pathname: string): string | null {
-  const match = SUBSTACK_POST_PATH_REGEX.exec(pathname);
-  if (match?.[1] === undefined || match[1].length === 0) {
-    return null;
-  }
-  return match[1];
-}
-
-export function isSubstackPostPath(pathname: string): boolean {
-  return extractSubstackPostSlug(pathname) !== null;
-}
diff --git a/src/typescript/extension/src/lib/sync-response.ts b/src/typescript/extension/src/lib/sync-response.ts
deleted file mode 100644
index 4637a53..0000000
--- a/src/typescript/extension/src/lib/sync-response.ts
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,69 +0,0 @@
-import {
-  extensionPageStatusSchema,
-  extensionRuntimeErrorResponseSchema,
-  investigateNowOutputSchema,
-  viewPostOutputSchema,
-  type InvestigateNowOutput,
-  type ViewPostOutput,
-} from "@openerrata/shared";
-import { ExtensionRuntimeError } from "./runtime-error.js";
-
-function throwIfRuntimeError(response: unknown): void {
-  const parsedError = extensionRuntimeErrorResponseSchema.safeParse(response);
-  if (!parsedError.success) return;
-  throw new ExtensionRuntimeError(parsedError.data.error, parsedError.data.errorCode);
-}
-
-function parseValidatedResponse<T>(input: {
-  operation: string;
-  response: unknown;
-  parse: (
-    value: unknown,
-  ) => { success: true; data: T } | { success: false; error: { message: string } };
-}): T {
-  throwIfRuntimeError(input.response);
-  const parsed = input.parse(input.response);
-  if (parsed.success) {
-    return parsed.data;
-  }
-
-  throw new ExtensionRuntimeError(
-    `Malformed ${input.operation} response from background: ${parsed.error.message}`,
-    "INVALID_EXTENSION_MESSAGE",
-  );
-}
-
-export function parseViewPostResponse(response: unknown): ViewPostOutput {
-  return parseValidatedResponse({
-    operation: "PAGE_CONTENT",
-    response,
-    parse: (value) => viewPostOutputSchema.safeParse(value),
-  });
-}
-
-export function parseInvestigateNowResponse(response: unknown): InvestigateNowOutput {
-  return parseValidatedResponse({
-    operation: "INVESTIGATE_NOW",
-    response,
-    parse: (value) => investigateNowOutputSchema.safeParse(value),
-  });
-}
-
-export function parseCachedStatusResponse(
-  response: unknown,
-): ReturnType<typeof extensionPageStatusSchema.parse> | null {
-  throwIfRuntimeError(response);
-  if (response === null) {
-    return null;
-  }
-
-  const parsed = extensionPageStatusSchema.safeParse(response);
-  if (parsed.success) {
-    return parsed.data;
-  }
-
-  throw new ExtensionRuntimeError(
-    `Malformed GET_CACHED response from background: ${parsed.error.message}`,
-    "INVALID_EXTENSION_MESSAGE",
-  );
-}
diff --git a/src/typescript/extension/src/lib/view-post-input.ts b/src/typescript/extension/src/lib/view-post-input.ts
index c660011..65370d2 100644
--- a/src/typescript/extension/src/lib/view-post-input.ts
+++ b/src/typescript/extension/src/lib/view-post-input.ts
@@ -1,42 +1,44 @@
-import { viewPostInputSchema, type PlatformContent, type ViewPostInput } from "@openerrata/shared";
+import type { PlatformContent, ViewPostInput } from "@openerrata/shared";
 
+/** The API's view-post input for observed page content (spec §2.6). */
 export function toViewPostInput(content: PlatformContent): ViewPostInput {
   const common = {
     url: content.url,
-    observedImageUrls: content.imageUrls,
     observedImageOccurrences: content.imageOccurrences,
   };
 
   switch (content.platform) {
     case "LESSWRONG":
-      return viewPostInputSchema.parse({
+      // LessWrong versioning derives canonical text from metadata.htmlContent.
+      return {
         ...common,
-        externalId: content.externalId,
         platform: "LESSWRONG",
+        externalId: content.externalId,
         metadata: content.metadata,
-      });
+      };
     case "X":
-      return viewPostInputSchema.parse({
+      return {
         ...common,
-        externalId: content.externalId,
         platform: "X",
+        externalId: content.externalId,
         observedContentText: content.contentText,
         metadata: content.metadata,
-      });
+      };
     case "SUBSTACK":
-      return viewPostInputSchema.parse({
+      return {
         ...common,
-        externalId: content.externalId,
         platform: "SUBSTACK",
+        externalId: content.externalId,
         observedContentText: content.contentText,
         metadata: content.metadata,
-      });
+      };
     case "WIKIPEDIA":
-      return viewPostInputSchema.parse({
+      // The API derives the Wikipedia external ID from metadata.
+      return {
         ...common,
         platform: "WIKIPEDIA",
         observedContentText: content.contentText,
         metadata: content.metadata,
-      });
+      };
   }
 }
diff --git a/src/typescript/extension/src/lib/wikipedia-url.ts b/src/typescript/extension/src/lib/wikipedia-url.ts
deleted file mode 100644
index 82f295e..0000000
--- a/src/typescript/extension/src/lib/wikipedia-url.ts
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-export {
-  normalizeWikipediaTitleToken,
-  parseWikipediaIdentity,
-  wikipediaExternalIdFromPageId,
-} from "@openerrata/shared";
diff --git a/src/typescript/extension/src/manifest.json b/src/typescript/extension/src/manifest.json
index b835b69..79aa998 100644
--- a/src/typescript/extension/src/manifest.json
+++ b/src/typescript/extension/src/manifest.json
@@ -1,10 +1,11 @@
 {
   "manifest_version": 3,
   "name": "OpenErrata",
-  "version": "0.3.2",
+  "version": "0.4.0",
   "description": "Crowdsourced, inline LLM investigations of the things you're reading.",
-  "permissions": ["activeTab", "storage", "scripting", "webNavigation", "alarms"],
-  "host_permissions": ["https://*/*", "http://*/*"],
+  "permissions": ["storage", "scripting", "webNavigation", "alarms"],
+  "host_permissions": ["https://*/*"],
+  "optional_host_permissions": ["http://*/*"],
   "background": {
     "service_worker": "background/index.js",
     "type": "module"
diff --git a/src/typescript/extension/src/options/App.svelte b/src/typescript/extension/src/options/App.svelte
index 4704640..cf964eb 100644
--- a/src/typescript/extension/src/options/App.svelte
+++ b/src/typescript/extension/src/options/App.svelte
@@ -2,9 +2,10 @@
   import type { SettingsValidationOutput } from "@openerrata/shared";
   import {
     API_BASE_URL_REQUIREMENTS_MESSAGE,
-    DEFAULT_EXTENSION_SETTINGS,
+    DEFAULT_API_BASE_URL,
     ensureApiHostPermission,
     loadExtensionSettings,
+    loadSettingsFormValues,
     normalizeApiBaseUrl,
     normalizeOpenaiApiKey,
     saveExtensionSettings,
@@ -16,12 +17,15 @@
   type FeedbackTone = "pending" | "success" | "error";
   type Feedback = { tone: FeedbackTone; text: string };
 
-  let apiUrl = $state(DEFAULT_EXTENSION_SETTINGS.apiBaseUrl);
-  let instanceApiKey = $state(DEFAULT_EXTENSION_SETTINGS.apiKey);
-  let openaiApiKey = $state(DEFAULT_EXTENSION_SETTINGS.openaiApiKey);
-  let autoInvestigate = $state(DEFAULT_EXTENSION_SETTINGS.autoInvestigate);
-  let hmacSecret = $state(DEFAULT_EXTENSION_SETTINGS.hmacSecret);
+  // Form fields hold nothing meaningful until the stored settings are loaded;
+  // the form is not rendered before then.
+  let apiUrl = $state("");
+  let instanceApiKey = $state("");
+  let openaiApiKey = $state("");
+  let autoInvestigate = $state(false);
   let loaded = $state(false);
+  /** Why the stored settings cannot be used, until the user saves valid ones. */
+  let storedSettingsProblem = $state<string | null>(null);
   let saved = $state(false);
   let error = $state<string | null>(null);
   let openaiFeedback = $state<Feedback | null>(null);
@@ -31,12 +35,16 @@
   let validationTimer: ReturnType<typeof setTimeout> | null = null;
 
   async function load() {
-    const settings = await loadExtensionSettings();
-    apiUrl = settings.apiBaseUrl;
-    instanceApiKey = settings.apiKey;
-    openaiApiKey = settings.openaiApiKey;
-    autoInvestigate = settings.autoInvestigate;
-    hmacSecret = settings.hmacSecret;
+    // Show what is stored, even when it is invalid, so the user can fix it.
+    const [formValues, settings] = await Promise.all([
+      loadSettingsFormValues(),
+      loadExtensionSettings(),
+    ]);
+    apiUrl = formValues.apiBaseUrl;
+    instanceApiKey = formValues.apiKey;
+    openaiApiKey = formValues.openaiApiKey;
+    autoInvestigate = formValues.autoInvestigate;
+    storedSettingsProblem = settings.kind === "INVALID" ? settings.problem : null;
     loaded = true;
   }
 
@@ -158,10 +166,10 @@
       apiKey: instanceApiKey,
       openaiApiKey: normalizedOpenaiApiKey,
       autoInvestigate,
-      hmacSecret,
     });
     apiUrl = normalizedApiUrl;
     openaiApiKey = normalizedOpenaiApiKey;
+    storedSettingsProblem = null;
     saved = true;
     setTimeout(() => {
       saved = false;
@@ -258,77 +266,75 @@
 
 <h1>OpenErrata Settings</h1>
 
-<section class="section">
-  <h2>Basic</h2>
-
-  <div class="field">
-    <label for="openai-key">OpenAI API Key</label>
-    <input
-      id="openai-key"
-      type="password"
-      bind:value={openaiApiKey}
-      placeholder="sk-..."
-      autocomplete="off"
-    />
-    <p class="hint">
-      Used only per request. The API does not store this key beyond request lifecycles.
-    </p>
-    {#if openaiFeedback}
-      <p class={`validation ${openaiFeedback.tone}`} aria-live="polite">
-        {openaiFeedback.text}
+{#if storedSettingsProblem}
+  <p class="error" role="alert">
+    The saved settings cannot be used, so OpenErrata is not checking pages: {storedSettingsProblem}
+    Correct them below and save.
+  </p>
+{/if}
+
+{#if loaded}
+  <section class="section">
+    <h2>Basic</h2>
+
+    <div class="field">
+      <label for="openai-key">OpenAI API Key</label>
+      <input
+        id="openai-key"
+        type="password"
+        bind:value={openaiApiKey}
+        placeholder="sk-..."
+        autocomplete="off"
+      />
+      <p class="hint">
+        Used only per request. The API does not store this key beyond request lifecycles.
+      </p>
+      {#if openaiFeedback}
+        <p class={`validation ${openaiFeedback.tone}`} aria-live="polite">
+          {openaiFeedback.text}
+        </p>
+      {/if}
+    </div>
+
+    <label class="checkbox">
+      <input type="checkbox" bind:checked={autoInvestigate} />
+      <span>Auto-investigate when a viewed post is not yet investigated</span>
+    </label>
+  </section>
+
+  <details class="section advanced">
+    <summary>Advanced</summary>
+
+    <div class="field">
+      <label for="api-url">API Server URL</label>
+      <input id="api-url" type="url" bind:value={apiUrl} placeholder={DEFAULT_API_BASE_URL} />
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="field">
+      <label for="instance-api-key">Instance API Key</label>
+      <input
+        id="instance-api-key"
+        type="password"
+        bind:value={instanceApiKey}
+        placeholder="ts_live_..."
+        autocomplete="off"
+      />
+    </div>
+
+    {#if instanceFeedback}
+      <p class={`validation ${instanceFeedback.tone}`} aria-live="polite">
+        {instanceFeedback.text}
       </p>
     {/if}
-  </div>
-
-  <label class="checkbox">
-    <input type="checkbox" bind:checked={autoInvestigate} />
-    <span>Auto-investigate when a viewed post is not yet investigated</span>
-  </label>
-</section>
-
-<details class="section advanced">
-  <summary>Advanced</summary>
-
-  <div class="field">
-    <label for="api-url">API Server URL</label>
-    <input id="api-url" type="url" bind:value={apiUrl} placeholder="https://api.openerrata.com" />
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="field">
-    <label for="hmac-secret">HMAC Secret</label>
-    <input
-      id="hmac-secret"
-      type="password"
-      bind:value={hmacSecret}
-      placeholder="Optional override; blank uses bundled default"
-      autocomplete="off"
-    />
-  </div>
-
-  <div class="field">
-    <label for="instance-api-key">Instance API Key</label>
-    <input
-      id="instance-api-key"
-      type="password"
-      bind:value={instanceApiKey}
-      placeholder="ts_live_..."
-      autocomplete="off"
-    />
-  </div>
-
-  {#if instanceFeedback}
-    <p class={`validation ${instanceFeedback.tone}`} aria-live="polite">
-      {instanceFeedback.text}
-    </p>
-  {/if}
-</details>
+  </details>
 
-<button onclick={save}>Save</button>
-{#if saved}
-  <span class="saved">Saved!</span>
-{/if}
-{#if error}
-  <p class="error">{error}</p>
+  <button onclick={save}>Save</button>
+  {#if saved}
+    <span class="saved">Saved!</span>
+  {/if}
+  {#if error}
+    <p class="error">{error}</p>
+  {/if}
 {/if}
 
 <style>
diff --git a/src/typescript/extension/src/options/main.ts b/src/typescript/extension/src/options/main.ts
index bedb793..1f01daa 100644
--- a/src/typescript/extension/src/options/main.ts
+++ b/src/typescript/extension/src/options/main.ts
@@ -1,15 +1,10 @@
 import { mount } from "svelte";
-import { ensurePageStylesheet, requireMountTarget } from "../lib/page-bootstrap";
+import { requireMountTarget } from "../lib/page-bootstrap";
 import App from "./App.svelte";
 
-ensurePageStylesheet({
-  pageLabel: "options",
-  stylesheetAsset: "index2.css",
-});
-const optionsRoot = requireMountTarget({
-  pageLabel: "options",
-});
+// The page stylesheet link is verified at build time (vite.config.ts).
+const root = requireMountTarget({ pageLabel: "options" });
 
-const app = mount(App, { target: optionsRoot });
+const app = mount(App, { target: root });
 
 export default app;
diff --git a/src/typescript/extension/src/popup/App.svelte b/src/typescript/extension/src/popup/App.svelte
index ed5c444..220cfed 100644
--- a/src/typescript/extension/src/popup/App.svelte
+++ b/src/typescript/extension/src/popup/App.svelte
@@ -1,20 +1,18 @@
 <script lang="ts">
-  import {
-    EXTENSION_MESSAGE_PROTOCOL_VERSION,
-    annotationVisibilityResponseSchema,
-    extensionPageStatusSchema,
-    extensionRuntimeErrorResponseSchema,
-    focusClaimResponseSchema,
-    requestInvestigateResponseSchema,
+  import type {
+    ClaimId,
+    ContentRequestPayload,
+    ContentRequestType,
+    ContentResponse,
+    ExtensionSkippedReason,
   } from "@openerrata/shared";
-  import type { ClaimId, ExtensionMessage, ExtensionSkippedReason } from "@openerrata/shared";
   import browser from "webextension-polyfill";
   import { describeError } from "../lib/describe-error";
-  import { parseSupportedPageIdentity } from "../lib/post-identity";
+  import { sendBackgroundRequest, sendContentRequest, type TabDelivery } from "../lib/messaging";
   import { computePostView, type PostPopupView } from "./post-view";
-  import { isSubstackPostPathUrl, statusMatchesIdentity } from "./status-identity";
-  import { loadExtensionSettings } from "../lib/settings";
-  import { UPGRADE_REQUIRED_STORAGE_KEY } from "../lib/runtime-error";
+  import { isPossiblySupportedPage, statusDescribesTabPage } from "./status-identity";
+  import { SETTINGS_KEYS, loadExtensionSettings } from "../lib/settings";
+  import { UPGRADE_REQUIRED_STORAGE_KEY, tabStatusStorageKey } from "../lib/storage-keys";
 
   // ── View model ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
   //
@@ -26,6 +24,7 @@
   type PopupView =
     | { kind: "loading" }
     | { kind: "error"; message: string }
+    | { kind: "settings_invalid"; message: string }
     | { kind: "upgrade_required"; message: string }
     | { kind: "unsupported" }
     | { kind: "awaiting_status" }
@@ -45,46 +44,41 @@
   }
 
   function skippedReasonMessage(reason: ExtensionSkippedReason): string {
-    if (reason === "has_video") {
-      return "This post contains video. Video analysis is not supported yet.";
+    switch (reason) {
+      case "has_video":
+        return "This post contains video. Video analysis is not supported yet.";
+      case "word_count":
+        return "This post is too long and is not eligible for investigation.";
+      case "no_text":
+        return "This post has no extractable text. Textless/image-only fact-check UX is not supported yet.";
+      case "private_or_gated":
+        return "This post appears to be private or subscriber-only. OpenErrata skipped sending it for investigation.";
+      case "unsupported_content":
+        return "OpenErrata could not extract this post. Try reloading the page or opening the canonical post URL.";
     }
-    if (reason === "word_count") {
-      return "This post is too long and is not eligible for investigation.";
-    }
-    if (reason === "no_text") {
-      return "This post has no extractable text. Textless/image-only fact-check UX is not supported yet.";
-    }
-    if (reason === "private_or_gated") {
-      return "This post appears to be private or subscriber-only. OpenErrata skipped sending it for investigation.";
-    }
-    if (reason === "unsupported_content") {
-      return "OpenErrata could not extract this post. Try reloading the page or opening the canonical post URL.";
-    }
-    return "This post is not eligible for investigation.";
-  }
-
-  type PopupContentControlMessage = Extract<
-    ExtensionMessage,
-    {
-      type:
-        | "REQUEST_INVESTIGATE"
-        | "SHOW_ANNOTATIONS"
-        | "HIDE_ANNOTATIONS"
-        | "GET_ANNOTATION_VISIBILITY"
-        | "FOCUS_CLAIM";
-    }
-  >;
+  }
 
-  async function withActiveTab<T>(run: (tabId: number) => Promise<T>): Promise<T | null> {
+  async function activeTab(): Promise<{
+    id: number;
+    url: string;
+    title: string | undefined;
+  } | null> {
     const [tab] = await browser.tabs.query({ active: true, currentWindow: true });
-    if (!tab?.id) return null;
-    return run(tab.id);
+    if (tab?.id === undefined) return null;
+    return { id: tab.id, url: tab.url ?? "", title: tab.title };
   }
 
-  async function sendContentControlMessage(
-    message: PopupContentControlMessage,
-  ): Promise<unknown | null> {
-    return withActiveTab((tabId) => browser.tabs.sendMessage(tabId, message));
+  async function sendToActiveTab<Type extends ContentRequestType>(
+    type: Type,
+    payload: ContentRequestPayload<Type>,
+  ): Promise<TabDelivery<ContentResponse<Type>> | null> {
+    const tab = await activeTab();
+    if (tab === null) return null;
+    return sendContentRequest(
+      (message) => browser.tabs.sendMessage(tab.id, message, { frameId: 0 }),
+      type,
+      payload,
+    );
   }
 
   // ── Reactive state ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
@@ -92,6 +86,8 @@
   let view = $state<PopupView>({ kind: "loading" });
   let pageTitle = $state<string | null>(null);
   let showHighlights = $state(true);
+  // The tab whose cached status changes should refresh the view.
+  let watchedTabId: number | null = null;
 
   const showFooter = $derived(
     view.kind === "found_claims" ||
@@ -103,53 +99,55 @@
 
   // ── Async operations ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────
 
+  async function computeView(): Promise<{ view: PopupView; title: string | null }> {
+    const tab = await activeTab();
+    if (tab === null) {
+      return { view: { kind: "unsupported" }, title: null };
+    }
+    watchedTabId = tab.id;
+    const title = extractPageTitle(tab.title, tab.url);
+
+    const settings = await loadExtensionSettings();
+    if (settings.kind === "INVALID") {
+      return { view: { kind: "settings_invalid", message: settings.problem }, title };
+    }
+    const canRequest =
+      settings.settings.apiKey.length > 0 || settings.settings.openaiApiKey.length > 0;
+
+    const response = await sendBackgroundRequest(
+      (message) => browser.runtime.sendMessage(message),
+      "GET_TAB_STATUS",
+      { tabId: tab.id },
+    );
+    if (response.kind === "UPGRADE_REQUIRED") {
+      return { view: { kind: "upgrade_required", message: response.message }, title };
+    }
+
+    const status =
+      response.status !== null && statusDescribesTabPage(response.status, tab.url)
+        ? response.status
+        : null;
+    if (status === null) {
+      return {
+        view: isPossiblySupportedPage(tab.url)
+          ? { kind: "awaiting_status" }
+          : { kind: "unsupported" },
+        title,
+      };
+    }
+    if (status.kind === "SKIPPED") {
+      return { view: { kind: "skipped", message: skippedReasonMessage(status.reason) }, title };
+    }
+    return { view: computePostView(status, canRequest), title };
+  }
+
   async function loadStatus() {
     try {
-      const settings = await loadExtensionSettings();
-      const canRequest =
-        settings.apiKey.trim().length > 0 || settings.openaiApiKey.trim().length > 0;
-
-      const [tab] = await browser.tabs.query({ active: true, currentWindow: true });
-      const tabUrl = tab?.url ?? "";
-      const title = extractPageTitle(tab?.title, tabUrl);
-
-      const supportedIdentity = parseSupportedPageIdentity(tabUrl);
-      const onSupportedPage = supportedIdentity !== null || isSubstackPostPathUrl(tabUrl);
-
-      const response = await browser.runtime.sendMessage({
-        v: EXTENSION_MESSAGE_PROTOCOL_VERSION,
-        type: "GET_CACHED",
-      });
-      const runtimeError = extensionRuntimeErrorResponseSchema.safeParse(response);
-      if (runtimeError.success) {
-        if (runtimeError.data.errorCode === "UPGRADE_REQUIRED") {
-          pageTitle = title;
-          view = {
-            kind: "upgrade_required",
-            message: runtimeError.data.error,
-          };
-          return;
-        }
-        throw new Error(runtimeError.data.error);
-      }
-      const parsed = extensionPageStatusSchema.safeParse(response);
-      const status = parsed.success ? parsed.data : null;
-      const matched = statusMatchesIdentity(status, supportedIdentity, tabUrl) ? status : null;
-
-      let newView: PopupView;
-      if (matched === null) {
-        newView = onSupportedPage ? { kind: "awaiting_status" } : { kind: "unsupported" };
-      } else if (matched.kind === "SKIPPED") {
-        newView = { kind: "skipped", message: skippedReasonMessage(matched.reason) };
-      } else {
-        newView = computePostView(matched, canRequest);
-      }
-
+      const next = await computeView();
       // Set all display state in one synchronous block so the template never
       // sees a half-updated combination of page title and view.
-      pageTitle = title;
-      view = newView;
-
+      pageTitle = next.title;
+      view = next.view;
       await syncHighlightVisibility();
     } catch (loadError) {
       console.error("Failed to load popup status:", loadError);
@@ -158,18 +156,9 @@
   }
 
   async function syncHighlightVisibility() {
-    try {
-      const response = await sendContentControlMessage({
-        v: EXTENSION_MESSAGE_PROTOCOL_VERSION,
-        type: "GET_ANNOTATION_VISIBILITY",
-      });
-      if (response === null) return;
-      const parsed = annotationVisibilityResponseSchema.safeParse(response);
-      if (parsed.success) {
-        showHighlights = parsed.data.visible;
-      }
-    } catch {
-      // Tab may not have an active content script. Keep current local value.
+    const delivery = await sendToActiveTab("GET_VISIBILITY", null);
+    if (delivery?.kind === "DELIVERED") {
+      showHighlights = delivery.value.visible;
     }
   }
 
@@ -178,21 +167,12 @@
     view = { kind: "investigating", pendingClaims: [], confirmedClaims: [] };
 
     try {
-      const response = await sendContentControlMessage({
-        v: EXTENSION_MESSAGE_PROTOCOL_VERSION,
-        type: "REQUEST_INVESTIGATE",
-      });
-      if (response === null) {
-        view = { kind: "error", message: "No active tab available" };
-        return;
-      }
-      const parsedResponse = requestInvestigateResponseSchema.safeParse(response);
-      if (!parsedResponse.success) {
-        view = { kind: "error", message: "Could not start investigation" };
-        console.error("REQUEST_INVESTIGATE returned an invalid payload.");
+      const delivery = await sendToActiveTab("REQUEST_INVESTIGATE", null);
+      if (delivery === null || delivery.kind === "NO_RECEIVER") {
+        view = { kind: "error", message: "Could not reach this page. Try reloading it." };
         return;
       }
-      if (!parsedResponse.data.ok) {
+      if (!delivery.value.ok) {
         view = {
           kind: "error",
           message: "This post is not ready yet. Wait a moment and try again.",
@@ -201,21 +181,20 @@
       }
       await loadStatus();
     } catch (requestError) {
-      console.error(`Could not reach content script: ${describeError(requestError)}`);
-      view = { kind: "error", message: "Could not reach content script" };
+      console.error(`Could not start investigation: ${describeError(requestError)}`);
+      view = { kind: "error", message: "Could not start investigation" };
     }
   }
 
   async function toggleHighlights() {
-    const nextVisibility = !showHighlights;
-
     try {
-      const response = await sendContentControlMessage({
-        v: EXTENSION_MESSAGE_PROTOCOL_VERSION,
-        type: nextVisibility ? "SHOW_ANNOTATIONS" : "HIDE_ANNOTATIONS",
-      });
-      if (response === null) return;
-      showHighlights = nextVisibility;
+      const delivery = await sendToActiveTab(
+        showHighlights ? "HIDE_ANNOTATIONS" : "SHOW_ANNOTATIONS",
+        null,
+      );
+      if (delivery?.kind === "DELIVERED") {
+        showHighlights = delivery.value.visible;
+      }
     } catch (toggleError) {
       console.error(`Could not update highlights: ${describeError(toggleError)}`);
       view = { kind: "error", message: "Could not update highlights" };
@@ -224,38 +203,15 @@
 
   async function focusClaim(claimId: ClaimId) {
     try {
-      const response = await sendContentControlMessage({
-        v: EXTENSION_MESSAGE_PROTOCOL_VERSION,
-        type: "FOCUS_CLAIM",
-        payload: { claimId },
-      });
-      if (response === null) {
-        view = { kind: "error", message: "No active tab available" };
+      const delivery = await sendToActiveTab("FOCUS_CLAIM", { claimId });
+      if (delivery?.kind === "DELIVERED" && delivery.value.ok) {
+        window.close();
         return;
       }
-
-      const runtimeError = extensionRuntimeErrorResponseSchema.safeParse(response);
-      if (runtimeError.success) {
-        console.warn(`FOCUS_CLAIM runtime error: ${runtimeError.data.error}`);
-        await loadStatus();
-        return;
-      }
-
-      const parsed = focusClaimResponseSchema.safeParse(response);
-      if (!parsed.success) {
-        console.warn("FOCUS_CLAIM returned an invalid payload.", response);
-        await loadStatus();
-        return;
-      }
-      if (!parsed.data.ok) {
-        await loadStatus();
-        return;
-      }
-
-      window.close();
+      await loadStatus();
     } catch (focusError) {
       console.error(`Could not focus claim: ${describeError(focusError)}`);
-      view = { kind: "error", message: "Could not reach content script" };
+      view = { kind: "error", message: "Could not reach this page" };
     }
   }
 
@@ -272,21 +228,19 @@
       changes,
       areaName,
     ) => {
-      if (areaName !== "local") return;
-      if (
-        !Object.keys(changes).some(
-          (key) =>
-            key.startsWith("tab:") ||
-            key === UPGRADE_REQUIRED_STORAGE_KEY ||
-            key === "apiBaseUrl" ||
-            key === "apiKey" ||
-            key === "openaiApiKey" ||
-            key === "autoInvestigate",
-        )
-      ) {
-        return;
+      const changedKeys = Object.keys(changes);
+      const relevant =
+        areaName === "session"
+          ? watchedTabId !== null && changedKeys.includes(tabStatusStorageKey(watchedTabId))
+          : areaName === "local" &&
+            changedKeys.some(
+              (key) =>
+                key === UPGRADE_REQUIRED_STORAGE_KEY ||
+                SETTINGS_KEYS.some((settingsKey) => settingsKey === key),
+            );
+      if (relevant) {
+        void loadStatus();
       }
-      void loadStatus();
     };
 
     browser.storage.onChanged.addListener(onStorageChanged);
@@ -335,6 +289,12 @@
           <p class="state-title">Checking This Page</p>
           <p class="state-subtitle">Checking this page&apos;s investigation status...</p>
         </section>
+      {:else if view.kind === "settings_invalid"}
+        <section class="state-panel error-panel">
+          <p class="state-title">Settings Need Attention</p>
+          <p class="state-subtitle">{view.message}</p>
+          <button class="btn" onclick={openSettings}>Open Settings</button>
+        </section>
       {:else if view.kind === "upgrade_required"}
         <section class="state-panel error-panel">
           <p class="state-title">Update Required</p>
diff --git a/src/typescript/extension/src/popup/main.ts b/src/typescript/extension/src/popup/main.ts
index 91a1bb7..e6a3fbd 100644
--- a/src/typescript/extension/src/popup/main.ts
+++ b/src/typescript/extension/src/popup/main.ts
@@ -1,15 +1,10 @@
 import { mount } from "svelte";
-import { ensurePageStylesheet, requireMountTarget } from "../lib/page-bootstrap";
+import { requireMountTarget } from "../lib/page-bootstrap";
 import App from "./App.svelte";
 
-ensurePageStylesheet({
-  pageLabel: "popup",
-  stylesheetAsset: "index.css",
-});
-const popupRoot = requireMountTarget({
-  pageLabel: "popup",
-});
+// The page stylesheet link is verified at build time (vite.config.ts).
+const root = requireMountTarget({ pageLabel: "popup" });
 
-const app = mount(App, { target: popupRoot });
+const app = mount(App, { target: root });
 
 export default app;
diff --git a/src/typescript/extension/src/popup/status-identity.ts b/src/typescript/extension/src/popup/status-identity.ts
index fd79817..70c23b9 100644
--- a/src/typescript/extension/src/popup/status-identity.ts
+++ b/src/typescript/extension/src/popup/status-identity.ts
@@ -1,83 +1,22 @@
 import type { ExtensionPageStatus } from "@openerrata/shared";
-import type { SupportedPageIdentity } from "../lib/post-identity";
-import { isSubstackPostPath } from "../lib/substack-url";
-import { parseWikipediaIdentity } from "../lib/wikipedia-url";
-
-export function isSubstackPostPathUrl(url: string): boolean {
-  try {
-    const parsed = new URL(url);
-    return isSubstackPostPath(parsed.pathname);
-  } catch {
-    return false;
-  }
-}
-
-function statusMatchesWikipediaPage(
-  status: ExtensionPageStatus,
-  identity: SupportedPageIdentity | null,
-  tabUrl: string,
-): boolean {
-  const tabIdentity = parseWikipediaIdentity(tabUrl);
-  const statusIdentity = parseWikipediaIdentity(status.pageUrl);
-  if (tabIdentity === null || statusIdentity === null) {
-    return false;
-  }
-  if (tabIdentity.language !== statusIdentity.language) {
-    return false;
-  }
-
-  const pageIdMatch =
-    tabIdentity.pageId !== null &&
-    statusIdentity.pageId !== null &&
-    tabIdentity.pageId === statusIdentity.pageId;
-  const titleMatch =
-    tabIdentity.title !== null &&
-    statusIdentity.title !== null &&
-    tabIdentity.title === statusIdentity.title;
-  if (!pageIdMatch && !titleMatch) {
-    return false;
-  }
-
-  if (identity === null) {
-    return true;
-  }
-  return identity.platform === "WIKIPEDIA";
+import { isSamePage, knownHostPageLocator, pageLocatorFor } from "../lib/page-locator";
+
+/**
+ * Whether the tab may show a supported post: a post page on a platform host,
+ * or a `/p/*` page on any host (custom-domain Substack is only confirmed by
+ * the page's DOM, which the popup does not inspect).
+ */
+export function isPossiblySupportedPage(tabUrl: string): boolean {
+  return knownHostPageLocator(tabUrl) !== null || pageLocatorFor("SUBSTACK", tabUrl) !== null;
 }
 
-export function statusMatchesIdentity(
-  status: ExtensionPageStatus | null,
-  identity: SupportedPageIdentity | null,
-  tabUrl: string,
-): boolean {
-  if (!status) return true;
-
-  // Substack externalId is numeric and not URL-derived, so URL identity for custom
-  // domains is anchored by page URL path equality.
-  if (status.platform === "SUBSTACK") {
-    if (!isSubstackPostPathUrl(tabUrl)) return false;
-    try {
-      const tabParsed = new URL(tabUrl);
-      const statusParsed = new URL(status.pageUrl);
-      if (
-        !isSubstackPostPath(statusParsed.pathname) ||
-        tabParsed.origin !== statusParsed.origin ||
-        tabParsed.pathname !== statusParsed.pathname
-      ) {
-        return false;
-      }
-    } catch {
-      return false;
-    }
-
-    if (!identity) return true;
-    return identity.platform === "SUBSTACK";
-  }
-
-  if (status.platform === "WIKIPEDIA") {
-    return statusMatchesWikipediaPage(status, identity, tabUrl);
-  }
-
-  if (!identity) return false;
-
-  return status.platform === identity.platform && status.externalId === identity.externalId;
+/**
+ * Whether a cached status describes the page the tab shows now. The cache can
+ * briefly lag an in-page navigation; its page URL must name the same post as
+ * the tab's URL.
+ */
+export function statusDescribesTabPage(status: ExtensionPageStatus, tabUrl: string): boolean {
+  const tabPage = pageLocatorFor(status.platform, tabUrl);
+  const statusPage = pageLocatorFor(status.platform, status.pageUrl);
+  return tabPage !== null && statusPage !== null && isSamePage(tabPage, statusPage);
 }
diff --git a/src/typescript/extension/test/e2e/extension-harness.ts b/src/typescript/extension/test/e2e/extension-harness.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e2691b7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/typescript/extension/test/e2e/extension-harness.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,223 @@
+import { mkdtempSync, rmSync } from "node:fs";
+import { tmpdir } from "node:os";
+import { join, resolve } from "node:path";
+import { extensionPageStatusSchema, type ExtensionPageStatus } from "@openerrata/shared";
+import {
+  chromium,
+  type BrowserContext,
+  type Page,
+  type Route,
+  type Worker,
+} from "@playwright/test";
+
+/** Hosted API origin the extension talks to with default settings. */
+const API_TRPC_PREFIX = "https://api.openerrata.com/trpc/";
+const DEFAULT_TIMEOUT_MS = 15_000;
+
+export function sleep(ms: number): Promise<void> {
+  return new Promise<void>((done) => {
+    setTimeout(done, ms);
+  });
+}
+
+/** One tRPC call the extension made to the (mocked) API. */
+export interface RecordedApiCall {
+  path: string;
+  input: unknown;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Answers the extension's tRPC calls. Return the procedure output; the
+ * harness wraps it in tRPC's response envelope.
+ */
+export type MockApiHandler = (call: RecordedApiCall) => unknown;
+
+const VERSION_HASH = "a".repeat(64);
+
+/** A mock API where every post version is registered and not yet investigated. */
+export function notInvestigatedApi(call: RecordedApiCall): unknown {
+  return defaultApiOutput(call, {
+    investigationState: "NOT_INVESTIGATED",
+    priorInvestigationResult: null,
+  });
+}
+
+export function defaultApiOutput(call: RecordedApiCall, viewOutput: unknown): unknown {
+  switch (call.path) {
+    case "post.registerObservedVersion": {
+      const input = call.input as {
+        platform: string;
+        externalId?: string;
+        metadata: { pageId?: string; language?: string };
+      };
+      const externalId =
+        input.platform === "WIKIPEDIA"
+          ? `${String(input.metadata.language)}:${String(input.metadata.pageId)}`
+          : String(input.externalId);
+      return {
+        platform: input.platform,
+        externalId,
+        versionHash: VERSION_HASH,
+        postVersionId: `version-${externalId}`,
+        provenance: "CLIENT_FALLBACK",
+      };
+    }
+    case "post.recordViewAndGetStatus":
+      return viewOutput;
+    default:
+      throw new Error(`Unexpected API call in e2e test: ${call.path}`);
+  }
+}
+
+export interface ExtensionHarness {
+  context: BrowserContext;
+  serviceWorker: Worker;
+  apiCalls: RecordedApiCall[];
+  close(): Promise<void>;
+}
+
+async function fulfillApiCall(route: Route, handler: MockApiHandler, calls: RecordedApiCall[]) {
+  const request = route.request();
+  const url = new URL(request.url());
+  const path = url.pathname.replace(/^\/trpc\//, "");
+  const rawInput = request.method() === "GET" ? url.searchParams.get("input") : request.postData();
+  const call: RecordedApiCall = {
+    path,
+    input:
+      rawInput === null || rawInput.length === 0 ? undefined : (JSON.parse(rawInput) as unknown),
+  };
+  calls.push(call);
+  await route.fulfill({
+    status: 200,
+    contentType: "application/json",
+    body: JSON.stringify({ result: { data: handler(call) } }),
+  });
+}
+
+/**
+ * The built extension in headless Chromium (no window ever opens), with the
+ * API mocked by `apiHandler` — tests never reach a real API server.
+ */
+export async function launchExtensionHarness(
+  apiHandler: MockApiHandler = notInvestigatedApi,
+): Promise<ExtensionHarness> {
+  const extensionPath = resolve(process.cwd(), "dist");
+  const userDataDir = mkdtempSync(join(tmpdir(), "openerrata-extension-e2e-"));
+  const context = await chromium.launchPersistentContext(userDataDir, {
+    // The full Chromium build's new headless mode loads extensions (service
+    // worker and content scripts) without opening any window.
+    channel: "chromium",
+    headless: true,
+    args: [`--disable-extensions-except=${extensionPath}`, `--load-extension=${extensionPath}`],
+  });
+
+  const apiCalls: RecordedApiCall[] = [];
+  // Routes on the context also intercept the extension service worker's fetches.
+  await context.route(`${API_TRPC_PREFIX}**`, (route) =>
+    fulfillApiCall(route, apiHandler, apiCalls),
+  );
+
+  const serviceWorker =
+    context.serviceWorkers()[0] ?? (await context.waitForEvent("serviceworker"));
+  await serviceWorker.evaluate(async () => {
+    await chrome.storage.local.clear();
+    await chrome.storage.session.clear();
+  });
+
+  return {
+    context,
+    serviceWorker,
+    apiCalls,
+    async close() {
+      await context.close();
+      rmSync(userDataDir, { recursive: true, force: true });
+    },
+  };
+}
+
+/** Serve `html` for every request to `url` (and its query/hash variants) in this context. */
+export async function servePage(page: Page, url: string, html: string): Promise<void> {
+  await page.route(`${url}**`, async (route) => {
+    await route.fulfill({ status: 200, contentType: "text/html", body: html });
+  });
+}
+
+async function tabIdForUrl(serviceWorker: Worker, url: string): Promise<number | null> {
+  return serviceWorker.evaluate(async (pageUrl: string) => {
+    const tabs = await chrome.tabs.query({});
+    const tab = tabs.find(
+      (candidate) => candidate.url === pageUrl || candidate.pendingUrl === pageUrl,
+    );
+    return tab?.id ?? null;
+  }, url);
+}
+
+/** The status the background cached for the tab showing `url`, as stored in `storage.session`. */
+export async function readCachedStatus(
+  serviceWorker: Worker,
+  url: string,
+): Promise<ExtensionPageStatus | null> {
+  const tabId = await tabIdForUrl(serviceWorker, url);
+  if (tabId === null) return null;
+  const stored = await serviceWorker.evaluate(async (id: number) => {
+    const key = `tab:${id.toString()}`;
+    const record = await chrome.storage.session.get(key);
+    return record[key] as unknown;
+  }, tabId);
+  return stored === undefined ? null : extensionPageStatusSchema.parse(stored);
+}
+
+/** Whether the tab showing `url` has a live content script (side-effect-free PING). */
+export async function pingContentScript(serviceWorker: Worker, url: string): Promise<boolean> {
+  const tabId = await tabIdForUrl(serviceWorker, url);
+  if (tabId === null) return false;
+  return serviceWorker.evaluate(async (id: number) => {
+    try {
+      const response = (await chrome.tabs.sendMessage(
+        id,
+        { type: "PING", payload: null },
+        { frameId: 0 },
+      )) as { ok?: boolean } | undefined;
+      return response?.ok === true;
+    } catch {
+      return false;
+    }
+  }, tabId);
+}
+
+export async function waitFor<T>(
+  description: string,
+  read: () => Promise<T>,
+  matches: (value: T) => boolean,
+  timeoutMs = DEFAULT_TIMEOUT_MS,
+): Promise<T> {
+  const startedAt = Date.now();
+  let last: T = await read();
+  while (!matches(last)) {
+    if (Date.now() - startedAt > timeoutMs) {
+      throw new Error(
+        `Timed out after ${timeoutMs.toString()}ms waiting for ${description}; last value: ${JSON.stringify(last)}`,
+      );
+    }
+    await sleep(200);
+    last = await read();
+  }
+  return last;
+}
+
+export async function waitForCachedStatus(
+  harness: ExtensionHarness,
+  url: string,
+  matches: (status: ExtensionPageStatus) => boolean,
+  description: string,
+  timeoutMs = DEFAULT_TIMEOUT_MS,
+): Promise<ExtensionPageStatus> {
+  const status = await waitFor(
+    description,
+    () => readCachedStatus(harness.serviceWorker, url),
+    (value) => value !== null && matches(value),
+    timeoutMs,
+  );
+  if (status === null) throw new Error(`No status for ${url}`);
+  return status;
+}
diff --git a/src/typescript/extension/test/e2e/extension-lifecycle.e2e.test.ts b/src/typescript/extension/test/e2e/extension-lifecycle.e2e.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d656753
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/typescript/extension/test/e2e/extension-lifecycle.e2e.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,273 @@
+import { expect, test } from "@playwright/test";
+import { wikipediaHtmlToNormalizedText } from "../../../api/src/lib/services/content-fetcher.js";
+import {
+  defaultApiOutput,
+  launchExtensionHarness,
+  pingContentScript,
+  readCachedStatus,
+  servePage,
+  sleep,
+  waitFor,
+  waitForCachedStatus,
+  type RecordedApiCall,
+} from "./extension-harness.js";
+import { E2E_WIKIPEDIA_FIXTURE_KEYS, readE2eWikipediaFixture } from "./wikipedia-fixtures.js";
+
+const CLAIM_TEXT = "The moon is made of cheese";
+
+const claim = {
+  id: "claim-moon-cheese",
+  text: CLAIM_TEXT,
+  context: `${CLAIM_TEXT}, according to this post.`,
+  summary: "The moon is rock, not cheese.",
+  reasoning: "Lunar samples are basaltic rock.",
+  sources: [{ url: "https://example.com/moon", title: "Moon geology", snippet: "Basalt." }],
+};
+
+function lesswrongPostHtml(postId: string, paragraphs: readonly string[]): string {
+  return `<!doctype html>
+<html>
+  <head><meta charset="utf-8" /><title>Moon post</title></head>
+  <body>
+    <div id="postBody">
+      <script type="application/ld+json">{"url":"https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/${postId}"}</script>
+      <h1>Moon post</h1>
+      <div class="PostsPage-postContent">
+        <div id="postContent">${paragraphs.map((text) => `<p>${text}</p>`).join("")}</div>
+      </div>
+    </div>
+  </body>
+</html>`;
+}
+
+function substackPostHtml(postId: string, body: string): string {
+  return `<!doctype html>
+<html>
+  <head>
+    <meta charset="utf-8" />
+    <title>Moon post</title>
+    <meta name="author" content="Example Author" />
+    <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_1456/https%3A%2F%2Fexample.substack.com%2Fpost_preview%2F${postId}%2Ftwitter.jpg" />
+  </head>
+  <body>
+    <h1 class="post-title">Moon post</h1>
+    <div class="body markup"><p>${body}</p></div>
+  </body>
+</html>`;
+}
+
+function registerCalls(calls: readonly RecordedApiCall[]): RecordedApiCall[] {
+  return calls.filter((call) => call.path === "post.registerObservedVersion");
+}
+
+test("a post someone else is investigating is followed until its claims arrive", async () => {
+  let polls = 0;
+  const harness = await launchExtensionHarness((call) => {
+    if (call.path === "post.getInvestigation") {
+      polls += 1;
+      return polls < 2
+        ? {
+            investigationState: "INVESTIGATING",
+            status: "PROCESSING",
+            provenance: "CLIENT_FALLBACK",
+            pendingClaims: [],
+            confirmedClaims: [],
+            priorInvestigationResult: null,
+          }
+        : {
+            investigationState: "INVESTIGATED",
+            provenance: "CLIENT_FALLBACK",
+            claims: [claim],
+            checkedAt: "2026-10-02T00:00:00.000Z",
+          };
+    }
+    // The investigation was queued by another viewer: this tab never called investigateNow.
+    return defaultApiOutput(call, {
+      investigationState: "INVESTIGATING",
+      investigationId: "investigation-queued-elsewhere",
+      status: "PENDING",
+      provenance: "CLIENT_FALLBACK",
+      pendingClaims: [],
+      confirmedClaims: [],
+      priorInvestigationResult: null,
+    });
+  });
+  try {
+    const url = "https://example.substack.com/p/moon-post";
+    const page = await harness.context.newPage();
+    await servePage(
+      page,
+      url,
+      substackPostHtml("424242", `${CLAIM_TEXT}, according to this post.`),
+    );
+    await page.goto(url, { waitUntil: "domcontentloaded" });
+
+    await waitForCachedStatus(
+      harness,
+      url,
+      (status) => status.kind === "POST" && status.investigationState === "INVESTIGATING",
+      "the INVESTIGATING status reported by the API",
+    );
+    const settled = await waitForCachedStatus(
+      harness,
+      url,
+      (status) => status.kind === "POST" && status.investigationState === "INVESTIGATED",
+      "polling to reach the completed investigation",
+      20_000,
+    );
+    expect(settled.kind === "POST" && settled.investigationState === "INVESTIGATED").toBe(true);
+    expect(
+      harness.apiCalls.some(
+        (call) =>
+          call.path === "post.getInvestigation" &&
+          JSON.stringify(call.input).includes("investigation-queued-elsewhere"),
+      ),
+    ).toBe(true);
+    expect(harness.apiCalls.some((call) => call.path === "post.investigateNow")).toBe(false);
+    await expect(page.locator(`mark[data-openerrata-claim-id="${claim.id}"]`)).toHaveCount(1);
+  } finally {
+    await harness.close();
+  }
+});
+
+test("injecting the content script again leaves the one live page session in place", async () => {
+  const harness = await launchExtensionHarness();
+  try {
+    const postId = "idempotentInjection1";
+    const url = `https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/${postId}/moon`;
+    const page = await harness.context.newPage();
+    await servePage(
+      page,
+      url,
+      lesswrongPostHtml(postId, [`${CLAIM_TEXT}, according to this post.`]),
+    );
+    await page.goto(url, { waitUntil: "domcontentloaded" });
+
+    await waitForCachedStatus(harness, url, (status) => status.kind === "POST", "a post status");
+    const sessionBefore = await readCachedStatus(harness.serviceWorker, url);
+    expect(registerCalls(harness.apiCalls)).toHaveLength(1);
+
+    // What the background does for tabs it finds without a live listener, and
+    // what a racing DOMContentLoaded/declarative injection amounts to.
+    await harness.serviceWorker.evaluate(async (pageUrl: string) => {
+      const [tab] = await chrome.tabs.query({ url: pageUrl });
+      if (tab?.id === undefined) throw new Error("tab not found");
+      for (let copy = 0; copy < 2; copy += 1) {
+        await chrome.scripting.executeScript({
+          target: { tabId: tab.id },
+          files: ["content/main.js"],
+        });
+      }
+    }, url);
+    await sleep(1_500);
+
+    expect(await pingContentScript(harness.serviceWorker, url)).toBe(true);
+    expect(registerCalls(harness.apiCalls)).toHaveLength(1);
+    expect(await readCachedStatus(harness.serviceWorker, url)).toEqual(sessionBefore);
+  } finally {
+    await harness.close();
+  }
+});
+
+test("highlight marks never reach the API in page HTML", async () => {
+  const harness = await launchExtensionHarness((call) =>
+    defaultApiOutput(call, {
+      investigationState: "INVESTIGATED",
+      investigationId: "investigation-moon",
+      provenance: "SERVER_VERIFIED",
+      claims: [claim],
+    }),
+  );
+  try {
+    const postId = "marksNeverSent1";
+    const url = `https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/${postId}/moon`;
+    const page = await harness.context.newPage();
+    await servePage(
+      page,
+      url,
+      lesswrongPostHtml(postId, [`${CLAIM_TEXT}, according to this post.`]),
+    );
+    await page.goto(url, { waitUntil: "domcontentloaded" });
+    await expect(page.locator("mark.openerrata-annotation")).toHaveCount(1);
+
+    // Edit the post while the highlight is on the page: the new version is
+    // registered with HTML read from the highlighted DOM.
+    await page.evaluate(() => {
+      const paragraph = document.createElement("p");
+      paragraph.textContent = "An added paragraph.";
+      document.querySelector("#postContent")?.appendChild(paragraph);
+    });
+    const calls = await waitFor(
+      "the edited version to be registered",
+      () => Promise.resolve(registerCalls(harness.apiCalls)),
+      (registered) => registered.length >= 2,
+    );
+
+    const htmlSent = calls.map((call) => JSON.stringify(call.input));
+    expect(htmlSent[1]).toContain("An added paragraph.");
+    for (const html of htmlSent) {
+      expect(html).not.toContain("openerrata");
+      expect(html).not.toContain("<mark");
+    }
+  } finally {
+    await harness.close();
+  }
+});
+
+test("a History API navigation the page makes is seen by the content script", async () => {
+  const harness = await launchExtensionHarness();
+  try {
+    const postId = "historyNavigation1";
+    const url = `https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/${postId}/moon`;
+    const page = await harness.context.newPage();
+    await servePage(
+      page,
+      url,
+      lesswrongPostHtml(postId, [`${CLAIM_TEXT}, according to this post.`]),
+    );
+    await page.goto(url, { waitUntil: "domcontentloaded" });
+    await waitForCachedStatus(harness, url, (status) => status.kind === "POST", "a post status");
+
+    // A page-world pushState with no DOM change: only the background's
+    // webNavigation relay can tell the isolated content script about it.
+    await page.evaluate(() => {
+      history.pushState({}, "", "/about");
+    });
+    await waitFor(
+      "the post session to end after navigating away from the post",
+      () =>
+        harness.serviceWorker.evaluate(async () => {
+          const [tab] = await chrome.tabs.query({ url: "https://www.lesswrong.com/about" });
+          if (tab?.id === undefined) return "no-tab";
+          const key = `tab:${tab.id.toString()}`;
+          const record = await chrome.storage.session.get(key);
+          return record[key] === undefined ? "cleared" : "cached";
+        }),
+      (state) => state === "cleared",
+    );
+  } finally {
+    await harness.close();
+  }
+});
+
+test("Wikipedia text the extension reports matches the API's canonical text", async () => {
+  const fixture = await readE2eWikipediaFixture(E2E_WIKIPEDIA_FIXTURE_KEYS.OPENAI_PAGE_HTML);
+  const harness = await launchExtensionHarness();
+  try {
+    const page = await harness.context.newPage();
+    await servePage(page, fixture.sourceUrl, fixture.html);
+    // Wikipedia's own scripts load from the network and modify the article
+    // DOM; the extension must exclude what they add.
+    await page.goto(fixture.sourceUrl, { waitUntil: "networkidle" });
+
+    const [registered] = await waitFor(
+      "the article to be registered",
+      () => Promise.resolve(registerCalls(harness.apiCalls)),
+      (calls) => calls.length >= 1,
+    );
+    const input = registered?.input as { observedContentText: string };
+    expect(input.observedContentText).toEqual(wikipediaHtmlToNormalizedText(fixture.parseApiHtml));
+  } finally {
+    await harness.close();
+  }
+});
diff --git a/src/typescript/extension/test/e2e/fixtures/wikipedia/wikipedia-de-marie-curie-page-html-1.json b/src/typescript/extension/test/e2e/fixtures/wikipedia/wikipedia-de-marie-curie-page-html-1.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bc11eda
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/typescript/extension/test/e2e/fixtures/wikipedia/wikipedia-de-marie-curie-page-html-1.json
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+{
+  "key": "wikipedia-de-marie-curie-page-html-1",
+  "sourceUrl": "https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Curie",
+  "language": "de",
+  "pageId": "3356",
+  "revisionId": "270790243",
+  "fetchedAt": "2026-10-02T20:13:31.582Z",
+  "htmlSha256": "6fcb431c2c78c1c90d81089f7f617ed3732cbbf3f73fb0df10d5adde4cba2a19",
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[o]\" accesskey=\"o\" class=\"\"><span>Anmelden</span></a>\n</li>\n\n\t\t\t\n\t\t</ul>\n\t\t\n\t</div>\n</div>\n\n\t</div>\n\t\n<div id=\"vector-user-links-dropdown\" class=\"vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out vector-user-links-dropdown--collapsible\"  title=\"Weitere Optionen\" >\n\t<input type=\"checkbox\" id=\"vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox\" role=\"button\" aria-haspopup=\"true\" data-event-name=\"ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown\" class=\"vector-dropdown-checkbox \"  aria-label=\"Meine Werkzeuge\"   >\n\t<label id=\"vector-user-links-dropdown-label\" for=\"vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox\" class=\"vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only \" aria-hidden=\"true\"  ><span class=\"vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAvatar mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAvatar cdx-button__icon\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"vector-dropdown-label-text\">Meine Werkzeuge</span>\n\t</label>\n\t<div class=\"vector-dropdown-content\">\n\n\n\t\t\n<div id=\"p-personal\" class=\"vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal\"  title=\"Benutzermenü\" >\n\t<div class=\"vector-menu-content\">\n\t\t\n\t\t<ul class=\"vector-menu-content-list\">\n\t\t\t<li id=\"pt-sitesupport\" class=\"mw-list-item vector-menu-item--collapsible\"><a data-mw-interface  href=\"https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&amp;wmf_medium=sidebar&amp;wmf_campaign=de.wikipedia.org&amp;uselang=de\" data-mw-donate-attempt=\"top_link\" class=\"\"><span class=\"vector-icon mw-ui-icon-heart mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-heart cdx-button__icon\"></span>\n\n<span>Jetzt spenden</span></a>\n</li>\n<li id=\"pt-createaccount\" class=\"mw-list-item vector-menu-item--collapsible\"><a data-mw-interface  href=\"/w/index.php?title=Spezial:Benutzerkonto_anlegen&amp;returnto=Marie+Curie\" title=\"Wir ermutigen dich dazu, ein Benutzerkonto zu erstellen und dich anzumelden. Es ist jedoch nicht zwingend erforderlich.\" class=\"\"><span class=\"vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAvatar mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAvatar cdx-button__icon\"></span>\n\n<span>Benutzerkonto erstellen</span></a>\n</li>\n<li id=\"pt-login\" class=\"mw-list-item vector-menu-item--collapsible\"><a data-mw-interface  href=\"/w/index.php?title=Spezial:Anmelden&amp;returnto=Marie+Curie\" title=\"Anmelden ist zwar keine Pflicht, wird aber gerne gesehen. [o]\" accesskey=\"o\" class=\"\"><span class=\"vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn cdx-button__icon\"></span>\n\n<span>Anmelden</span></a>\n</li>\n\n\t\t\t\n\t\t</ul>\n\t\t\n\t</div>\n</div>\n\n\t\n\t</div>\n</div>\n\n</nav>\n\n\t\t</div>\n\t</header>\n</div>\n<div class=\"mw-page-container\">\n\t<div class=\"mw-page-container-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"vector-sitenotice-container\">\n\t\t\t<div id=\"siteNotice\"><!-- CentralNotice --></div>\n\t\t</div>\n\t\t<div class=\"vector-column-start\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"vector-main-menu-container\">\n\t\t<div id=\"mw-navigation\">\n\t\t\t<nav id=\"mw-panel\" class=\"vector-main-menu-landmark\" aria-label=\"Website\">\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"vector-main-menu-pinned-container\" class=\"vector-pinned-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t</nav>\n\t\t</div>\n\t</div>\n\t<div class=\"vector-sticky-pinned-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<nav id=\"mw-panel-toc\" aria-label=\"Inhaltsverzeichnis\" data-event-name=\"ui.sidebar-toc\" class=\"mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"vector-toc-pinned-container\" class=\"vector-pinned-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"vector-toc\" class=\"vector-toc vector-pinnable-element\">\n\t<div\n\tclass=\"vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned\"\n\tdata-feature-name=\"toc-pinned\"\n\tdata-pinnable-element-id=\"vector-toc\"\n\tdata-pinned-container-id=\"vector-toc-pinned-container\"\n\tdata-unpinned-container-id=\"vector-toc-unpinned-container\"\n>\n\t<h2 class=\"vector-pinnable-header-label\">Inhaltsverzeichnis</h2>\n\t<button class=\"vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button\" data-event-name=\"pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin\" aria-label=\"Inhaltsverzeichnis in die Seitenleiste verschieben\">In die Seitenleiste verschieben</button>\n\t<button class=\"vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button\" data-event-name=\"pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin\" aria-label=\"Verstecke Inhaltsverzeichnis\">Verbergen</button>\n</div>\n\n\n\t<ul class=\"vector-toc-contents\" id=\"mw-panel-toc-list\">\n\t\t<li id=\"toc-mw-content-text\"\n\t\t\tclass=\"vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"#\" class=\"vector-toc-link\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"vector-toc-text\">(Anfang)</div>\n\t\t\t</a>\n\t\t</li>\n\t\t<li id=\"toc-Leben_und_Wirken\"\n\t\tclass=\"vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded\">\n\t\t<a class=\"vector-toc-link\" href=\"#Leben_und_Wirken\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"vector-toc-text\">\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"vector-toc-numb\">1</span>\n\t\t\t\t<span>Leben und Wirken</span>\n\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t</a>\n\t\t\n\t\t\t<button aria-controls=\"toc-Leben_und_Wirken-sublist\" class=\"cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand\"></span>\n\t\t\t\t<span>Unterabschnitt Leben und Wirken umschalten</span>\n\t\t\t</button>\n\t\t\n\t\t<ul id=\"toc-Leben_und_Wirken-sublist\" class=\"vector-toc-list\">\n\t\t\t<li id=\"toc-Kindheit_und_Jugend\"\n\t\t\tclass=\"vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2\">\n\t\t\t<a class=\"vector-toc-link\" href=\"#Kindheit_und_Jugend\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"vector-toc-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"vector-toc-numb\">1.1</span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<span>Kindheit und Jugend</span>\n\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t</a>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<ul id=\"toc-Kindheit_und_Jugend-sublist\" class=\"vector-toc-list\">\n\t\t\t</ul>\n\t\t</li>\n\t\t<li id=\"toc-Erste_Jahre_in_Paris\"\n\t\t\tclass=\"vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2\">\n\t\t\t<a class=\"vector-toc-link\" href=\"#Erste_Jahre_in_Paris\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"vector-toc-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"vector-toc-numb\">1.2</span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<span>Erste Jahre in Paris</span>\n\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t</a>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<ul id=\"toc-Erste_Jahre_in_Paris-sublist\" class=\"vector-toc-list\">\n\t\t\t</ul>\n\t\t</li>\n\t\t<li id=\"toc-Wissenschaftliche_Erfolge\"\n\t\t\tclass=\"vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2\">\n\t\t\t<a class=\"vector-toc-link\" href=\"#Wissenschaftliche_Erfolge\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"vector-toc-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"vector-toc-numb\">1.3</span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<span>Wissenschaftliche Erfolge</span>\n\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t</a>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<ul id=\"toc-Wissenschaftliche_Erfolge-sublist\" class=\"vector-toc-list\">\n\t\t\t\t<li id=\"toc-Radioaktivität_und_neue_chemische_Elemente\"\n\t\t\tclass=\"vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3\">\n\t\t\t<a class=\"vector-toc-link\" href=\"#Radioaktivität_und_neue_chemische_Elemente\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"vector-toc-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"vector-toc-numb\">1.3.1</span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<span>Radioaktivität und neue chemische Elemente</span>\n\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t</a>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<ul id=\"toc-Radioaktivität_und_neue_chemische_Elemente-sublist\" class=\"vector-toc-list\">\n\t\t\t</ul>\n\t\t</li>\n\t\t<li id=\"toc-Nobelpreis_für_Physik\"\n\t\t\tclass=\"vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3\">\n\t\t\t<a class=\"vector-toc-link\" href=\"#Nobelpreis_für_Physik\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"vector-toc-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"vector-toc-numb\">1.3.2</span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<span>Nobelpreis für Physik</span>\n\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t</a>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<ul id=\"toc-Nobelpreis_für_Physik-sublist\" class=\"vector-toc-list\">\n\t\t\t</ul>\n\t\t</li>\n\t\t<li id=\"toc-Professorin_an_der_Sorbonne\"\n\t\t\tclass=\"vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3\">\n\t\t\t<a class=\"vector-toc-link\" href=\"#Professorin_an_der_Sorbonne\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"vector-toc-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"vector-toc-numb\">1.3.3</span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<span>Professorin an der Sorbonne</span>\n\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t</a>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<ul id=\"toc-Professorin_an_der_Sorbonne-sublist\" class=\"vector-toc-list\">\n\t\t\t</ul>\n\t\t</li>\n\t\t<li id=\"toc-Der_internationale_Radiumstandard\"\n\t\t\tclass=\"vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3\">\n\t\t\t<a class=\"vector-toc-link\" href=\"#Der_internationale_Radiumstandard\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"vector-toc-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"vector-toc-numb\">1.3.4</span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<span>Der internationale Radiumstandard</span>\n\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t</a>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<ul id=\"toc-Der_internationale_Radiumstandard-sublist\" class=\"vector-toc-list\">\n\t\t\t</ul>\n\t\t</li>\n\t</ul>\n\t\t</li>\n\t\t<li id=\"toc-Öffentliche_Wahrnehmung_1910/1911\"\n\t\t\tclass=\"vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2\">\n\t\t\t<a class=\"vector-toc-link\" href=\"#Öffentliche_Wahrnehmung_1910/1911\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"vector-toc-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"vector-toc-numb\">1.4</span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<span>Öffentliche Wahrnehmung 1910/1911</span>\n\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t</a>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<ul id=\"toc-Öffentliche_Wahrnehmung_1910/1911-sublist\" class=\"vector-toc-list\">\n\t\t\t\t<li id=\"toc-Gescheiterte_Aufnahme_in_die_Académie_des_sciences\"\n\t\t\tclass=\"vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3\">\n\t\t\t<a class=\"vector-toc-link\" href=\"#Gescheiterte_Aufnahme_in_die_Académie_des_sciences\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"vector-toc-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"vector-toc-numb\">1.4.1</span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<span>Gescheiterte Aufnahme in die <i>Académie des sciences</i></span>\n\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t</a>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<ul id=\"toc-Gescheiterte_Aufnahme_in_die_Académie_des_sciences-sublist\" class=\"vector-toc-list\">\n\t\t\t</ul>\n\t\t</li>\n\t\t<li id=\"toc-Die_„Langevin-Affäre“\"\n\t\t\tclass=\"vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3\">\n\t\t\t<a class=\"vector-toc-link\" href=\"#Die_„Langevin-Affäre“\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"vector-toc-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"vector-toc-numb\">1.4.2</span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<span>Die „Langevin-Affäre“</span>\n\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t</a>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<ul id=\"toc-Die_„Langevin-Affäre“-sublist\" class=\"vector-toc-list\">\n\t\t\t</ul>\n\t\t</li>\n\t</ul>\n\t\t</li>\n\t\t<li id=\"toc-Nobelpreis_für_Chemie_und_weitere_Forschungen\"\n\t\t\tclass=\"vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2\">\n\t\t\t<a class=\"vector-toc-link\" href=\"#Nobelpreis_für_Chemie_und_weitere_Forschungen\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"vector-toc-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"vector-toc-numb\">1.5</span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<span>Nobelpreis für Chemie und weitere Forschungen</span>\n\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t</a>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<ul id=\"toc-Nobelpreis_für_Chemie_und_weitere_Forschungen-sublist\" class=\"vector-toc-list\">\n\t\t\t</ul>\n\t\t</li>\n\t\t<li id=\"toc-Radiologin_im_Ersten_Weltkrieg\"\n\t\t\tclass=\"vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2\">\n\t\t\t<a class=\"vector-toc-link\" href=\"#Radiologin_im_Ersten_Weltkrieg\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"vector-toc-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"vector-toc-numb\">1.6</span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<span>Radiologin im Ersten Weltkrieg</span>\n\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t</a>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<ul id=\"toc-Radiologin_im_Ersten_Weltkrieg-sublist\" class=\"vector-toc-list\">\n\t\t\t</ul>\n\t\t</li>\n\t\t<li id=\"toc-Aufenthalt_in_Amerika\"\n\t\t\tclass=\"vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2\">\n\t\t\t<a class=\"vector-toc-link\" href=\"#Aufenthalt_in_Amerika\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"vector-toc-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"vector-toc-numb\">1.7</span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<span>Aufenthalt in Amerika</span>\n\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t</a>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<ul id=\"toc-Aufenthalt_in_Amerika-sublist\" class=\"vector-toc-list\">\n\t\t\t</ul>\n\t\t</li>\n\t\t<li id=\"toc-Wirken_für_den_Völkerbund\"\n\t\t\tclass=\"vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2\">\n\t\t\t<a class=\"vector-toc-link\" href=\"#Wirken_für_den_Völkerbund\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"vector-toc-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"vector-toc-numb\">1.8</span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<span>Wirken für den Völkerbund</span>\n\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t</a>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<ul id=\"toc-Wirken_für_den_Völkerbund-sublist\" class=\"vector-toc-list\">\n\t\t\t</ul>\n\t\t</li>\n\t\t<li id=\"toc-Das_Radium-Institut_Paris\"\n\t\t\tclass=\"vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2\">\n\t\t\t<a class=\"vector-toc-link\" href=\"#Das_Radium-Institut_Paris\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"vector-toc-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"vector-toc-numb\">1.9</span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<span>Das Radium-Institut Paris</span>\n\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t</a>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<ul id=\"toc-Das_Radium-Institut_Paris-sublist\" class=\"vector-toc-list\">\n\t\t\t</ul>\n\t\t</li>\n\t</ul>\n\t</li>\n\t<li id=\"toc-Würdigung_und_Rezeption\"\n\t\tclass=\"vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded\">\n\t\t<a class=\"vector-toc-link\" href=\"#Würdigung_und_Rezeption\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"vector-toc-text\">\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"vector-toc-numb\">2</span>\n\t\t\t\t<span>Würdigung und Rezeption</span>\n\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t</a>\n\t\t\n\t\t<ul id=\"toc-Würdigung_und_Rezeption-sublist\" class=\"vector-toc-list\">\n\t\t</ul>\n\t</li>\n\t<li id=\"toc-Schriften_(Auswahl)\"\n\t\tclass=\"vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded\">\n\t\t<a class=\"vector-toc-link\" href=\"#Schriften_(Auswahl)\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"vector-toc-text\">\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"vector-toc-numb\">3</span>\n\t\t\t\t<span>Schriften (Auswahl)</span>\n\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t</a>\n\t\t\n\t\t\t<button aria-controls=\"toc-Schriften_(Auswahl)-sublist\" class=\"cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand\"></span>\n\t\t\t\t<span>Unterabschnitt Schriften (Auswahl) umschalten</span>\n\t\t\t</button>\n\t\t\n\t\t<ul id=\"toc-Schriften_(Auswahl)-sublist\" class=\"vector-toc-list\">\n\t\t\t<li id=\"toc-Bücher\"\n\t\t\tclass=\"vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2\">\n\t\t\t<a class=\"vector-toc-link\" href=\"#Bücher\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"vector-toc-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"vector-toc-numb\">3.1</span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<span>Bücher</span>\n\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t</a>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<ul id=\"toc-Bücher-sublist\" class=\"vector-toc-list\">\n\t\t\t</ul>\n\t\t</li>\n\t\t<li id=\"toc-Autobiografie\"\n\t\t\tclass=\"vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2\">\n\t\t\t<a class=\"vector-toc-link\" href=\"#Autobiografie\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"vector-toc-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"vector-toc-numb\">3.2</span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<span>Autobiografie</span>\n\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t</a>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<ul id=\"toc-Autobiografie-sublist\" class=\"vector-toc-list\">\n\t\t\t</ul>\n\t\t</li>\n\t\t<li id=\"toc-Zeitschriftenaufsätze\"\n\t\t\tclass=\"vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2\">\n\t\t\t<a class=\"vector-toc-link\" href=\"#Zeitschriftenaufsätze\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"vector-toc-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"vector-toc-numb\">3.3</span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<span>Zeitschriftenaufsätze</span>\n\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t</a>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<ul id=\"toc-Zeitschriftenaufsätze-sublist\" class=\"vector-toc-list\">\n\t\t\t</ul>\n\t\t</li>\n\t\t<li id=\"toc-Briefe\"\n\t\t\tclass=\"vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2\">\n\t\t\t<a class=\"vector-toc-link\" href=\"#Briefe\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"vector-toc-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"vector-toc-numb\">3.4</span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<span>Briefe</span>\n\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t</a>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<ul id=\"toc-Briefe-sublist\" class=\"vector-toc-list\">\n\t\t\t</ul>\n\t\t</li>\n\t</ul>\n\t</li>\n\t<li id=\"toc-Nachweise\"\n\t\tclass=\"vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded\">\n\t\t<a class=\"vector-toc-link\" href=\"#Nachweise\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"vector-toc-text\">\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"vector-toc-numb\">4</span>\n\t\t\t\t<span>Nachweise</span>\n\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t</a>\n\t\t\n\t\t\t<button aria-controls=\"toc-Nachweise-sublist\" class=\"cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand\"></span>\n\t\t\t\t<span>Unterabschnitt Nachweise umschalten</span>\n\t\t\t</button>\n\t\t\n\t\t<ul id=\"toc-Nachweise-sublist\" class=\"vector-toc-list\">\n\t\t\t<li id=\"toc-Literatur\"\n\t\t\tclass=\"vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2\">\n\t\t\t<a class=\"vector-toc-link\" href=\"#Literatur\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"vector-toc-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"vector-toc-numb\">4.1</span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<span>Literatur</span>\n\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t</a>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<ul id=\"toc-Literatur-sublist\" class=\"vector-toc-list\">\n\t\t\t</ul>\n\t\t</li>\n\t\t<li id=\"toc-Einzelnachweise\"\n\t\t\tclass=\"vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2\">\n\t\t\t<a class=\"vector-toc-link\" href=\"#Einzelnachweise\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"vector-toc-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"vector-toc-numb\">4.2</span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<span>Einzelnachweise</span>\n\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t</a>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<ul id=\"toc-Einzelnachweise-sublist\" class=\"vector-toc-list\">\n\t\t\t</ul>\n\t\t</li>\n\t</ul>\n\t</li>\n\t<li id=\"toc-Weiterführende_Literatur\"\n\t\tclass=\"vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded\">\n\t\t<a class=\"vector-toc-link\" href=\"#Weiterführende_Literatur\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"vector-toc-text\">\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"vector-toc-numb\">5</span>\n\t\t\t\t<span>Weiterführende Literatur</span>\n\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t</a>\n\t\t\n\t\t<ul id=\"toc-Weiterführende_Literatur-sublist\" class=\"vector-toc-list\">\n\t\t</ul>\n\t</li>\n\t<li id=\"toc-Weblinks\"\n\t\tclass=\"vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded\">\n\t\t<a class=\"vector-toc-link\" href=\"#Weblinks\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"vector-toc-text\">\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"vector-toc-numb\">6</span>\n\t\t\t\t<span>Weblinks</span>\n\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t</a>\n\t\t\n\t\t<ul id=\"toc-Weblinks-sublist\" class=\"vector-toc-list\">\n\t\t</ul>\n\t</li>\n</ul>\n</div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t</nav>\n\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t</div>\n\t\t<div class=\"mw-content-container\">\n\t\t\t<main id=\"content\" class=\"mw-body\">\n\t\t\t\t<header class=\"mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar no-font-mode-scale\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<nav aria-label=\"Inhaltsverzeichnis\" class=\"vector-toc-landmark\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<div id=\"vector-page-titlebar-toc\" class=\"vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left\"  title=\"Inhaltsverzeichnis\" >\n\t<input type=\"checkbox\" id=\"vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox\" role=\"button\" aria-haspopup=\"true\" data-event-name=\"ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc\" class=\"vector-dropdown-checkbox \"  aria-label=\"Inhaltsverzeichnis umschalten\"   >\n\t<label id=\"vector-page-titlebar-toc-label\" for=\"vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox\" class=\"vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only \" aria-hidden=\"true\"  ><span class=\"vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet cdx-button__icon\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"vector-dropdown-label-text\">Inhaltsverzeichnis umschalten</span>\n\t</label>\n\t<div class=\"vector-dropdown-content\">\n\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container\" class=\"vector-unpinned-container\">\n\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\n\t</div>\n</div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t</nav>\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 id=\"firstHeading\" class=\"firstHeading mw-first-heading\"><span lang=\"de\" dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"mw-page-title-main\">Marie Curie</span></span></h1>\n\t\t\t\n<div id=\"p-lang-btn\" class=\"vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang\"  >\n\t<input type=\"checkbox\" id=\"p-lang-btn-checkbox\" role=\"button\" aria-haspopup=\"true\" data-event-name=\"ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn\" class=\"vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector\"  aria-label=\"197 Sprachen\" aria-description=\"Zu einem Artikel in einer anderen Sprache gehen. Verfügbar in 197 Sprachen\"  >\n\t<label id=\"p-lang-btn-label\" for=\"p-lang-btn-checkbox\" class=\"vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-197\" aria-hidden=\"true\"  ><span class=\"vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive cdx-button__icon\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"vector-dropdown-label-text\">197 Sprachen</span>\n\t</label>\n\t<div class=\"vector-dropdown-content\">\n\n\t\t<div class=\"vector-menu-content\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<ul class=\"vector-menu-content-list\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Curie\" title=\"Marie Curie – Afrikaans\" lang=\"af\" hreflang=\"af\" data-title=\"Marie Curie\" data-language-autonym=\"Afrikaans\" data-language-local-name=\"Afrikaans\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Curie\" title=\"Marie Curie – Schweizerdeutsch\" lang=\"gsw\" hreflang=\"gsw\" data-title=\"Marie Curie\" data-language-autonym=\"Alemannisch\" data-language-local-name=\"Schweizerdeutsch\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-alt badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item\" title=\"exzellenter Artikel\"><a href=\"https://alt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F-%D0%9A%D1%8E%D1%80%D0%B8,_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F\" title=\"Склодовская-Кюри, Мария – Süd-Altaisch\" lang=\"alt\" hreflang=\"alt\" data-title=\"Склодовская-Кюри, Мария\" data-language-autonym=\"Алтай тил\" data-language-local-name=\"Süd-Altaisch\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Алтай тил</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%9B%E1%88%AA_%E1%8A%A9%E1%88%AA\" title=\"ማሪ ኩሪ – Amharisch\" lang=\"am\" hreflang=\"am\" data-title=\"ማሪ ኩሪ\" data-language-autonym=\"አማርኛ\" data-language-local-name=\"Amharisch\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Curie\" title=\"Marie Curie – Aragonesisch\" lang=\"an\" hreflang=\"an\" data-title=\"Marie Curie\" data-language-autonym=\"Aragonés\" data-language-local-name=\"Aragonesisch\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-ann mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://ann.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Kurie\" title=\"Marie Kurie – Obolo\" lang=\"ann\" hreflang=\"ann\" data-title=\"Marie Kurie\" data-language-autonym=\"Obolo\" data-language-local-name=\"Obolo\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Obolo</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item\" title=\"lesenswerter Artikel\"><a href=\"https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A_%D9%83%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A\" title=\"ماري كوري – Arabisch\" lang=\"ar\" hreflang=\"ar\" data-title=\"ماري كوري\" data-language-autonym=\"العربية\" data-language-local-name=\"Arabisch\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A_%D9%83%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A\" title=\"ماري كوري – Marokkanisches Arabisch\" lang=\"ary\" hreflang=\"ary\" data-title=\"ماري كوري\" data-language-autonym=\"الدارجة\" data-language-local-name=\"Marokkanisches Arabisch\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%89_%D9%83%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%89\" title=\"مارى كورى – Ägyptisches Arabisch\" lang=\"arz\" hreflang=\"arz\" data-title=\"مارى كورى\" data-language-autonym=\"مصرى\" data-language-local-name=\"Ägyptisches Arabisch\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%87%E0%A7%B0%E0%A7%80_%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%81%E0%A7%B0%E0%A7%80\" title=\"মেৰী কুৰী – Assamesisch\" lang=\"as\" hreflang=\"as\" data-title=\"মেৰী কুৰী\" data-language-autonym=\"অসমীয়া\" data-language-local-name=\"Assamesisch\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Curie\" title=\"Marie Curie – Asturisch\" lang=\"ast\" hreflang=\"ast\" data-title=\"Marie Curie\" data-language-autonym=\"Asturianu\" data-language-local-name=\"Asturisch\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Curie\" title=\"Marie Curie – Aymara\" lang=\"ay\" hreflang=\"ay\" data-title=\"Marie Curie\" data-language-autonym=\"Aymar aru\" data-language-local-name=\"Aymara\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mariya_K%C3%BCri\" title=\"Mariya Küri – Aserbaidschanisch\" lang=\"az\" hreflang=\"az\" data-title=\"Mariya Küri\" data-language-autonym=\"Azərbaycanca\" data-language-local-name=\"Aserbaidschanisch\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7_%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C\" title=\"ماریا کوری – Südaserbaidschanisch\" lang=\"azb\" hreflang=\"azb\" data-title=\"ماریا کوری\" data-language-autonym=\"تۆرکجه\" data-language-local-name=\"Südaserbaidschanisch\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%A1%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F-%D0%9A%D1%8E%D1%80%D0%B8\" title=\"Мария Склодовская-Кюри – Baschkirisch\" lang=\"ba\" hreflang=\"ba\" data-title=\"Мария Склодовская-Кюри\" data-language-autonym=\"Башҡортса\" data-language-local-name=\"Baschkirisch\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Curie\" title=\"Marie Curie – Balinesisch\" lang=\"ban\" hreflang=\"ban\" data-title=\"Marie Curie\" data-language-autonym=\"Basa Bali\" data-language-local-name=\"Balinesisch\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Curie\" title=\"Marie Curie – Bairisch\" lang=\"bar\" hreflang=\"bar\" data-title=\"Marie Curie\" data-language-autonym=\"Boarisch\" data-language-local-name=\"Bairisch\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mar%C4%97j%C4%97_Kiuri\" title=\"Marėjė Kiuri – Samogitisch\" lang=\"sgs\" hreflang=\"sgs\" data-title=\"Marėjė Kiuri\" data-language-autonym=\"Žemaitėška\" data-language-local-name=\"Samogitisch\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Curie\" title=\"Marie Curie – Zentralbikolano\" lang=\"bcl\" hreflang=\"bcl\" data-title=\"Marie Curie\" data-language-autonym=\"Bikol Central\" data-language-local-name=\"Zentralbikolano\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D0%A1%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%9E%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F-%D0%9A%D1%8E%D1%80%D1%8B\" title=\"Марыя Складоўская-Кюры – Weißrussisch (Taraschkewiza)\" lang=\"be-tarask\" hreflang=\"be-tarask\" data-title=\"Марыя Складоўская-Кюры\" data-language-autonym=\"Беларуская (тарашкевіца)\" data-language-local-name=\"Weißrussisch (Taraschkewiza)\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D0%A1%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%9E%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F-%D0%9A%D1%8E%D1%80%D1%8B\" title=\"Марыя Складоўская-Кюры – Belarussisch\" lang=\"be\" hreflang=\"be\" data-title=\"Марыя Складоўская-Кюры\" data-language-autonym=\"Беларуская\" data-language-local-name=\"Belarussisch\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mariah_Kiri-Sklodowska\" title=\"Mariah Kiri-Sklodowska – Betawi\" lang=\"bew\" hreflang=\"bew\" data-title=\"Mariah Kiri-Sklodowska\" data-language-autonym=\"Betawi\" data-language-local-name=\"Betawi\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%9A%D1%8E%D1%80%D0%B8\" title=\"Мария Кюри – Bulgarisch\" lang=\"bg\" hreflang=\"bg\" data-title=\"Мария Кюри\" data-language-autonym=\"Български\" data-language-local-name=\"Bulgarisch\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80\" title=\"मैरी क्यूरी – Bhojpuri\" lang=\"bh\" hreflang=\"bh\" data-title=\"मैरी क्यूरी\" data-language-autonym=\"भोजपुरी\" data-language-local-name=\"Bhojpuri\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Curie\" title=\"Marie Curie – Bislama\" lang=\"bi\" hreflang=\"bi\" data-title=\"Marie Curie\" data-language-autonym=\"Bislama\" data-language-local-name=\"Bislama\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Bislama</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF_%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF\" title=\"মারি ক্যুরি – Bengalisch\" lang=\"bn\" hreflang=\"bn\" data-title=\"মারি ক্যুরি\" data-language-autonym=\"বাংলা\" data-language-local-name=\"Bengalisch\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Curie\" title=\"Marie Curie – Bretonisch\" lang=\"br\" hreflang=\"br\" data-title=\"Marie Curie\" data-language-autonym=\"Brezhoneg\" data-language-local-name=\"Bretonisch\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Curie\" title=\"Marie Curie – Bosnisch\" lang=\"bs\" hreflang=\"bs\" data-title=\"Marie Curie\" data-language-autonym=\"Bosanski\" data-language-local-name=\"Bosnisch\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Curie\" title=\"Marie Curie – Batak Mandailing\" lang=\"btm\" hreflang=\"btm\" data-title=\"Marie Curie\" data-language-autonym=\"Batak Mandailing\" data-language-local-name=\"Batak Mandailing\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Batak Mandailing</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%9A%D1%8E%D1%80%D0%B8\" title=\"Мари Кюри – Russisches Burjatisch\" lang=\"bxr\" hreflang=\"bxr\" data-title=\"Мари Кюри\" data-language-autonym=\"Буряад\" data-language-local-name=\"Russisches Burjatisch\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Curie\" title=\"Marie Curie – Katalanisch\" lang=\"ca\" hreflang=\"ca\" data-title=\"Marie Curie\" data-language-autonym=\"Català\" data-language-local-name=\"Katalanisch\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8-%D0%9A%D1%8E%D1%80%D0%B8,_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8\" title=\"Склодовски-Кюри, Мари – Tschetschenisch\" lang=\"ce\" hreflang=\"ce\" data-title=\"Склодовски-Кюри, Мари\" data-language-autonym=\"Нохчийн\" data-language-local-name=\"Tschetschenisch\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Curie\" title=\"Marie Curie – Cebuano\" lang=\"ceb\" hreflang=\"ceb\" data-title=\"Marie Curie\" data-language-autonym=\"Cebuano\" data-language-local-name=\"Cebuano\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C_%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C\" title=\"ماری کووری – Zentralkurdisch\" lang=\"ckb\" hreflang=\"ckb\" data-title=\"ماری کووری\" data-language-autonym=\"کوردی\" data-language-local-name=\"Zentralkurdisch\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mari_K%C3%BCri\" title=\"Mari Küri – Krimtatarisch\" lang=\"crh\" hreflang=\"crh\" data-title=\"Mari Küri\" data-language-autonym=\"Qırımtatarca\" data-language-local-name=\"Krimtatarisch\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Curie-Sk%C5%82odowsk%C3%A1\" title=\"Marie Curie-Skłodowská – Tschechisch\" lang=\"cs\" hreflang=\"cs\" data-title=\"Marie Curie-Skłodowská\" data-language-autonym=\"Čeština\" data-language-local-name=\"Tschechisch\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mari%C3%B4_Sk%C5%82odowsk%C3%B4-Curie\" title=\"Mariô Skłodowskô-Curie – Kaschubisch\" lang=\"csb\" hreflang=\"csb\" data-title=\"Mariô Skłodowskô-Curie\" data-language-autonym=\"Kaszëbsczi\" data-language-local-name=\"Kaschubisch\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%8E%D1%80%D0%B8,_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F\" title=\"Кюри, Мария – Tschuwaschisch\" lang=\"cv\" hreflang=\"cv\" data-title=\"Кюри, Мария\" data-language-autonym=\"Чӑвашла\" data-language-local-name=\"Tschuwaschisch\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Curie\" title=\"Marie Curie – Walisisch\" lang=\"cy\" hreflang=\"cy\" data-title=\"Marie Curie\" data-language-autonym=\"Cymraeg\" data-language-local-name=\"Walisisch\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Curie\" title=\"Marie Curie – Dänisch\" lang=\"da\" hreflang=\"da\" data-title=\"Marie Curie\" data-language-autonym=\"Dansk\" data-language-local-name=\"Dänisch\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Curie\" title=\"Marie Curie – Dimli\" lang=\"diq\" hreflang=\"diq\" data-title=\"Marie Curie\" data-language-autonym=\"Zazaki\" data-language-local-name=\"Dimli\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-dtp mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://dtp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Curie\" title=\"Marie Curie – Zentral-Dusun\" lang=\"dtp\" hreflang=\"dtp\" data-title=\"Marie Curie\" data-language-autonym=\"Kadazandusun\" data-language-local-name=\"Zentral-Dusun\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Kadazandusun</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80\" title=\"मारिया क्युरी – Doteli\" lang=\"dty\" hreflang=\"dty\" data-title=\"मारिया क्युरी\" data-language-autonym=\"डोटेली\" data-language-local-name=\"Doteli\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>डोटेली</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%AF%CE%B1_%CE%9A%CE%B9%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%81%CE%AF\" title=\"Μαρία Κιουρί – Griechisch\" lang=\"el\" hreflang=\"el\" data-title=\"Μαρία Κιουρί\" data-language-autonym=\"Ελληνικά\" data-language-local-name=\"Griechisch\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item\" title=\"lesenswerter Artikel\"><a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Curie\" title=\"Marie Curie – Englisch\" lang=\"en\" hreflang=\"en\" data-title=\"Marie Curie\" data-language-autonym=\"English\" data-language-local-name=\"Englisch\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>English</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-eo badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item\" title=\"lesenswerter Artikel\"><a href=\"https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Curie\" title=\"Marie Curie – Esperanto\" lang=\"eo\" hreflang=\"eo\" data-title=\"Marie Curie\" data-language-autonym=\"Esperanto\" data-language-local-name=\"Esperanto\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item\" title=\"lesenswerter Artikel\"><a href=\"https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Curie\" title=\"Marie Curie – Spanisch\" lang=\"es\" hreflang=\"es\" data-title=\"Marie Curie\" data-language-autonym=\"Español\" data-language-local-name=\"Spanisch\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Curie\" title=\"Marie Curie – Estnisch\" lang=\"et\" hreflang=\"et\" data-title=\"Marie Curie\" data-language-autonym=\"Eesti\" data-language-local-name=\"Estnisch\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-eu badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item\" title=\"exzellenter Artikel\"><a href=\"https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Curie\" title=\"Marie Curie – Baskisch\" lang=\"eu\" hreflang=\"eu\" data-title=\"Marie Curie\" data-language-autonym=\"Euskara\" data-language-local-name=\"Baskisch\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Curie\" title=\"Marie Curie – Extremadurisch\" lang=\"ext\" hreflang=\"ext\" data-title=\"Marie Curie\" data-language-autonym=\"Estremeñu\" data-language-local-name=\"Extremadurisch\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-fa badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item\" title=\"exzellenter Artikel\"><a href=\"https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C_%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C\" title=\"ماری کوری – Persisch\" lang=\"fa\" hreflang=\"fa\" data-title=\"ماری کوری\" data-language-autonym=\"فارسی\" data-language-local-name=\"Persisch\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item\" title=\"lesenswerter Artikel\"><a href=\"https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Curie\" title=\"Marie Curie – Finnisch\" lang=\"fi\" hreflang=\"fi\" data-title=\"Marie Curie\" data-language-autonym=\"Suomi\" data-language-local-name=\"Finnisch\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Curie\" title=\"Marie Curie – Färöisch\" lang=\"fo\" hreflang=\"fo\" data-title=\"Marie Curie\" data-language-autonym=\"Føroyskt\" data-language-local-name=\"Färöisch\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-fon mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://fon.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Curie\" title=\"Marie Curie – Fon\" lang=\"fon\" hreflang=\"fon\" data-title=\"Marie Curie\" data-language-autonym=\"Fɔ̀ngbè\" data-language-local-name=\"Fon\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Fɔ̀ngbè</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Curie\" title=\"Marie Curie – Französisch\" lang=\"fr\" hreflang=\"fr\" data-title=\"Marie Curie\" data-language-autonym=\"Français\" data-language-local-name=\"Französisch\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Curie\" title=\"Marie Curie – Nordfriesisch\" lang=\"frr\" hreflang=\"frr\" data-title=\"Marie Curie\" data-language-autonym=\"Nordfriisk\" data-language-local-name=\"Nordfriesisch\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Curie\" title=\"Marie Curie – Friaulisch\" lang=\"fur\" hreflang=\"fur\" data-title=\"Marie Curie\" data-language-autonym=\"Furlan\" data-language-local-name=\"Friaulisch\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maria_Curie-Sk%C5%82odowska\" title=\"Maria Curie-Skłodowska – Westfriesisch\" lang=\"fy\" hreflang=\"fy\" data-title=\"Maria Curie-Skłodowska\" data-language-autonym=\"Frysk\" data-language-local-name=\"Westfriesisch\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Curie\" title=\"Marie Curie – Irisch\" lang=\"ga\" hreflang=\"ga\" data-title=\"Marie Curie\" data-language-autonym=\"Gaeilge\" data-language-local-name=\"Irisch\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B1%85%E9%87%8C%E5%A4%AB%E4%BA%BA\" title=\"居里夫人 – Gan\" lang=\"gan\" hreflang=\"gan\" data-title=\"居里夫人\" data-language-autonym=\"贛語\" data-language-local-name=\"Gan\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Curie\" title=\"Marie Curie – Französisch-Guayana-Kreolisch\" lang=\"gcr\" hreflang=\"gcr\" data-title=\"Marie Curie\" data-language-autonym=\"Kriyòl gwiyannen\" data-language-local-name=\"Französisch-Guayana-Kreolisch\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Curie\" title=\"Marie Curie – Gälisch (Schottland)\" lang=\"gd\" hreflang=\"gd\" data-title=\"Marie Curie\" data-language-autonym=\"Gàidhlig\" data-language-local-name=\"Gälisch (Schottland)\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Curie\" title=\"Marie Curie – Galicisch\" lang=\"gl\" hreflang=\"gl\" data-title=\"Marie Curie\" data-language-autonym=\"Galego\" data-language-local-name=\"Galicisch\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Curie\" title=\"Marie Curie – Guaraní\" lang=\"gn\" hreflang=\"gn\" data-title=\"Marie Curie\" data-language-autonym=\"Avañe&#039;ẽ\" data-language-local-name=\"Guaraní\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Avañe&#039;ẽ</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-gpe mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://gpe.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Curie\" title=\"Marie Curie – Ghanaisches Pidgin-Englisch\" lang=\"gpe\" hreflang=\"gpe\" data-title=\"Marie Curie\" data-language-autonym=\"Ghanaian Pidgin\" data-language-local-name=\"Ghanaisches Pidgin-Englisch\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Ghanaian Pidgin</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%AE%E0%AB%85%E0%AA%B0%E0%AB%80_%E0%AA%95%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%AF%E0%AB%81%E0%AA%B0%E0%AB%80\" title=\"મૅરી ક્યુરી – Gujarati\" lang=\"gu\" hreflang=\"gu\" data-title=\"મૅરી ક્યુરી\" data-language-autonym=\"ગુજરાતી\" data-language-local-name=\"Gujarati\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Curie\" title=\"Marie Curie – Haussa\" lang=\"ha\" hreflang=\"ha\" data-title=\"Marie Curie\" data-language-autonym=\"Hausa\" data-language-local-name=\"Haussa\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Curie\" title=\"Marie Curie – Hakka\" lang=\"hak\" hreflang=\"hak\" data-title=\"Marie Curie\" data-language-autonym=\"客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî\" data-language-local-name=\"Hakka\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%99_%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%99\" title=\"מארי קירי – Hebräisch\" lang=\"he\" hreflang=\"he\" data-title=\"מארי קירי\" data-language-autonym=\"עברית\" data-language-local-name=\"Hebräisch\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80\" title=\"मेरी क्युरी – Hindi\" lang=\"hi\" hreflang=\"hi\" data-title=\"मेरी क्युरी\" data-language-autonym=\"हिन्दी\" data-language-local-name=\"Hindi\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Curie\" title=\"Marie Curie – Fidschi-Hindi\" lang=\"hif\" hreflang=\"hif\" data-title=\"Marie Curie\" data-language-autonym=\"Fiji Hindi\" data-language-local-name=\"Fidschi-Hindi\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maria_Sk%C5%82odowska-Curie\" title=\"Maria Skłodowska-Curie – Kroatisch\" lang=\"hr\" hreflang=\"hr\" data-title=\"Maria Skłodowska-Curie\" data-language-autonym=\"Hrvatski\" data-language-local-name=\"Kroatisch\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Curie\" title=\"Marie Curie – Haiti-Kreolisch\" lang=\"ht\" hreflang=\"ht\" data-title=\"Marie Curie\" data-language-autonym=\"Kreyòl ayisyen\" data-language-local-name=\"Haiti-Kreolisch\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maria_Sk%C5%82odowska-Curie\" title=\"Maria Skłodowska-Curie – Ungarisch\" lang=\"hu\" hreflang=\"hu\" data-title=\"Maria Skłodowska-Curie\" data-language-autonym=\"Magyar\" data-language-local-name=\"Ungarisch\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%AB_%D4%BF%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D6%80%D5%AB\" title=\"Մարի Կյուրի – Armenisch\" lang=\"hy\" hreflang=\"hy\" data-title=\"Մարի Կյուրի\" data-language-autonym=\"Հայերեն\" data-language-local-name=\"Armenisch\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%AB_%D5%94%D5%AB%D6%82%D6%80%D5%AB\" title=\"Մարի Քիւրի – Westarmenisch\" lang=\"hyw\" hreflang=\"hyw\" data-title=\"Մարի Քիւրի\" data-language-autonym=\"Արեւմտահայերէն\" data-language-local-name=\"Westarmenisch\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Curie\" title=\"Marie Curie – Interlingua\" lang=\"ia\" hreflang=\"ia\" data-title=\"Marie Curie\" data-language-autonym=\"Interlingua\" data-language-local-name=\"Interlingua\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Curie\" title=\"Marie Curie – Iban\" lang=\"iba\" hreflang=\"iba\" data-title=\"Marie Curie\" data-language-autonym=\"Jaku Iban\" data-language-local-name=\"Iban\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Jaku Iban</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Curie\" title=\"Marie Curie – Indonesisch\" lang=\"id\" hreflang=\"id\" data-title=\"Marie Curie\" data-language-autonym=\"Bahasa Indonesia\" data-language-local-name=\"Indonesisch\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Curie\" title=\"Marie Curie – Ilokano\" lang=\"ilo\" hreflang=\"ilo\" data-title=\"Marie Curie\" data-language-autonym=\"Ilokano\" data-language-local-name=\"Ilokano\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Curie\" title=\"Marie Curie – Ido\" lang=\"io\" hreflang=\"io\" data-title=\"Marie Curie\" data-language-autonym=\"Ido\" data-language-local-name=\"Ido\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Curie\" title=\"Marie Curie – Isländisch\" lang=\"is\" hreflang=\"is\" data-title=\"Marie Curie\" data-language-autonym=\"Íslenska\" data-language-local-name=\"Isländisch\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-isv mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://isv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maria_Sk%C5%82odowska-Curie\" title=\"Maria Skłodowska-Curie – Interslavic\" lang=\"isv\" hreflang=\"isv\" data-title=\"Maria Skłodowska-Curie\" data-language-autonym=\"Medžuslovjansky\" data-language-local-name=\"Interslavic\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Medžuslovjansky</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Curie\" title=\"Marie Curie – Italienisch\" lang=\"it\" hreflang=\"it\" data-title=\"Marie Curie\" data-language-autonym=\"Italiano\" data-language-local-name=\"Italienisch\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-ja badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item\" title=\"lesenswerter Artikel\"><a href=\"https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9E%E3%83%AA%E3%83%BB%E3%82%AD%E3%83%A5%E3%83%AA%E3%83%BC\" title=\"マリ・キュリー – Japanisch\" lang=\"ja\" hreflang=\"ja\" data-title=\"マリ・キュリー\" data-language-autonym=\"日本語\" data-language-local-name=\"Japanisch\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marii_Kiuri\" title=\"Marii Kiuri – Jamaikanisch-Kreolisch\" lang=\"jam\" hreflang=\"jam\" data-title=\"Marii Kiuri\" data-language-autonym=\"Patois\" data-language-local-name=\"Jamaikanisch-Kreolisch\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/maris.kuris\" title=\"maris.kuris – Lojban\" lang=\"jbo\" hreflang=\"jbo\" data-title=\"maris.kuris\" data-language-autonym=\"La .lojban.\" data-language-local-name=\"Lojban\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Curie\" title=\"Marie Curie – Javanisch\" lang=\"jv\" hreflang=\"jv\" data-title=\"Marie Curie\" data-language-autonym=\"Jawa\" data-language-local-name=\"Javanisch\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%99%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%93%E1%83%9D%E1%83%95%E1%83%A1%E1%83%99%E1%83%90-%E1%83%99%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98\" title=\"მარი სკლოდოვსკა-კიური – Georgisch\" lang=\"ka\" hreflang=\"ka\" data-title=\"მარი სკლოდოვსკა-კიური\" data-language-autonym=\"ქართული\" data-language-local-name=\"Georgisch\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Curie\" title=\"Marie Curie – Karakalpakisch\" lang=\"kaa\" hreflang=\"kaa\" data-title=\"Marie Curie\" data-language-autonym=\"Qaraqalpaqsha\" data-language-local-name=\"Karakalpakisch\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mari_Kuri\" title=\"Mari Kuri – Kabylisch\" lang=\"kab\" hreflang=\"kab\" data-title=\"Mari Kuri\" data-language-autonym=\"Taqbaylit\" data-language-local-name=\"Kabylisch\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Curie\" title=\"Marie Curie – Kabiyé\" lang=\"kbp\" hreflang=\"kbp\" data-title=\"Marie Curie\" data-language-autonym=\"Kabɩyɛ\" data-language-local-name=\"Kabiyé\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%9A%D1%8E%D1%80%D0%B8\" title=\"Мария Кюри – Kasachisch\" lang=\"kk\" hreflang=\"kk\" data-title=\"Мария Кюри\" data-language-autonym=\"Қазақша\" data-language-local-name=\"Kasachisch\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%98%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B8_%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%8A%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%B6_%E1%9E%82%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B8\" title=\"ម៉ារី ស្កូដូស្កា គុយរី – Khmer\" lang=\"km\" hreflang=\"km\" data-title=\"ម៉ារី ស្កូដូស្កា គុយរី\" data-language-autonym=\"ភាសាខ្មែរ\" data-language-local-name=\"Khmer\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%87%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BF_%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF%E0%B3%82%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BF\" title=\"ಮೇರಿ ಕ್ಯೂರಿ – Kannada\" lang=\"kn\" hreflang=\"kn\" data-title=\"ಮೇರಿ ಕ್ಯೂರಿ\" data-language-autonym=\"ಕನ್ನಡ\" data-language-local-name=\"Kannada\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-knc mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://knc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Curie\" title=\"Marie Curie – Zentral-Kanuri\" lang=\"knc\" hreflang=\"knc\" data-title=\"Marie Curie\" data-language-autonym=\"Yerwa Kanuri\" data-language-local-name=\"Zentral-Kanuri\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Yerwa Kanuri</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A7%88%EB%A6%AC_%ED%80%B4%EB%A6%AC\" title=\"마리 퀴리 – Koreanisch\" lang=\"ko\" hreflang=\"ko\" data-title=\"마리 퀴리\" data-language-autonym=\"한국어\" data-language-local-name=\"Koreanisch\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B1%D9%90%DB%8C_%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C\" title=\"میرِی کیوری – Kaschmiri\" lang=\"ks\" hreflang=\"ks\" data-title=\"میرِی کیوری\" data-language-autonym=\"کٲشُر\" data-language-local-name=\"Kaschmiri\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Curie\" title=\"Marie Curie – Kurdisch\" lang=\"ku\" hreflang=\"ku\" data-title=\"Marie Curie\" data-language-autonym=\"Kurdî\" data-language-local-name=\"Kurdisch\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Curie\" title=\"Marie Curie – Kornisch\" lang=\"kw\" hreflang=\"kw\" data-title=\"Marie Curie\" data-language-autonym=\"Kernowek\" data-language-local-name=\"Kornisch\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%A1%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F-%D0%9A%D1%8E%D1%80%D0%B8\" title=\"Мария Склодовская-Кюри – Kirgisisch\" lang=\"ky\" hreflang=\"ky\" data-title=\"Мария Склодовская-Кюри\" data-language-autonym=\"Кыргызча\" data-language-local-name=\"Kirgisisch\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maria_Curie\" title=\"Maria Curie – Latein\" lang=\"la\" hreflang=\"la\" data-title=\"Maria Curie\" data-language-autonym=\"Latina\" data-language-local-name=\"Latein\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Curie\" title=\"Marie Curie – Ladino\" lang=\"lad\" hreflang=\"lad\" data-title=\"Marie Curie\" data-language-autonym=\"Ladino\" data-language-local-name=\"Ladino\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Curie\" title=\"Marie Curie – Luxemburgisch\" lang=\"lb\" hreflang=\"lb\" data-title=\"Marie Curie\" data-language-autonym=\"Lëtzebuergesch\" data-language-local-name=\"Luxemburgisch\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Curie\" title=\"Marie Curie – Limburgisch\" lang=\"li\" hreflang=\"li\" data-title=\"Marie Curie\" data-language-autonym=\"Limburgs\" data-language-local-name=\"Limburgisch\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Curie\" title=\"Marie Curie – Ligurisch\" lang=\"lij\" hreflang=\"lij\" data-title=\"Marie Curie\" data-language-autonym=\"Ligure\" data-language-local-name=\"Ligurisch\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Curie\" title=\"Marie Curie – Lombardisch\" lang=\"lmo\" hreflang=\"lmo\" data-title=\"Marie Curie\" data-language-autonym=\"Lombard\" data-language-local-name=\"Lombardisch\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A3%E0%BA%B5_%E0%BA%84%E0%BA%B9%E0%BA%A3%E0%BA%B5\" title=\"ມາຣີ ຄູຣີ – Laotisch\" lang=\"lo\" hreflang=\"lo\" data-title=\"ມາຣີ ຄູຣີ\" data-language-autonym=\"ລາວ\" data-language-local-name=\"Laotisch\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Curie\" title=\"Marie Curie – Litauisch\" lang=\"lt\" hreflang=\"lt\" data-title=\"Marie Curie\" data-language-autonym=\"Lietuvių\" data-language-local-name=\"Litauisch\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marija_Sklodovska-Kir%C4%AB\" title=\"Marija Sklodovska-Kirī – Lettisch\" lang=\"lv\" hreflang=\"lv\" data-title=\"Marija Sklodovska-Kirī\" data-language-autonym=\"Latviešu\" data-language-local-name=\"Lettisch\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-mad mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://mad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Curie\" title=\"Marie Curie – Maduresisch\" lang=\"mad\" hreflang=\"mad\" data-title=\"Marie Curie\" data-language-autonym=\"Madhurâ\" data-language-local-name=\"Maduresisch\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Madhurâ</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80\" title=\"मारिया क्युरी – Maithili\" lang=\"mai\" hreflang=\"mai\" data-title=\"मारिया क्युरी\" data-language-autonym=\"मैथिली\" data-language-local-name=\"Maithili\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Curie\" title=\"Marie Curie – Banyumasan\" lang=\"jv-x-bms\" hreflang=\"jv-x-bms\" data-title=\"Marie Curie\" data-language-autonym=\"Basa Banyumasan\" data-language-local-name=\"Banyumasan\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Curie\" title=\"Marie Curie – Malagasy\" lang=\"mg\" hreflang=\"mg\" data-title=\"Marie Curie\" data-language-autonym=\"Malagasy\" data-language-local-name=\"Malagasy\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Curie\" title=\"Marie Curie – Minangkabau\" lang=\"min\" hreflang=\"min\" data-title=\"Marie Curie\" data-language-autonym=\"Minangkabau\" data-language-local-name=\"Minangkabau\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0_%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8\" title=\"Марија Кири – Mazedonisch\" lang=\"mk\" hreflang=\"mk\" data-title=\"Марија Кири\" data-language-autonym=\"Македонски\" data-language-local-name=\"Mazedonisch\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BF_%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BF\" title=\"മേരി ക്യൂറി – Malayalam\" lang=\"ml\" hreflang=\"ml\" data-title=\"മേരി ക്യൂറി\" data-language-autonym=\"മലയാളം\" data-language-local-name=\"Malayalam\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%9A%D1%8E%D1%80%D0%B8\" title=\"Мари Кюри – Mongolisch\" lang=\"mn\" hreflang=\"mn\" data-title=\"Мари Кюри\" data-language-autonym=\"Монгол\" data-language-local-name=\"Mongolisch\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%83%EA%AF%A6%EA%AF%94%EA%AF%A4_%EA%AF%80%EA%AF%A8%EA%AF%94%EA%AF%A4\" title=\"ꯃꯦꯔꯤ ꯀꯨꯔꯤ – Meithei\" lang=\"mni\" hreflang=\"mni\" data-title=\"ꯃꯦꯔꯤ ꯀꯨꯔꯤ\" data-language-autonym=\"ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ\" data-language-local-name=\"Meithei\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-mnw mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://mnw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9B%E1%80%B3_%E1%80%80%E1%80%BB%E1%80%B0%E1%80%9B%E1%80%B3\" title=\"မာရဳ ကျူရဳ – Mon\" lang=\"mnw\" hreflang=\"mnw\" data-title=\"မာရဳ ကျူရဳ\" data-language-autonym=\"ဘာသာမန်\" data-language-local-name=\"Mon\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>ဘာသာမန်</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80\" title=\"मेरी क्युरी – Marathi\" lang=\"mr\" hreflang=\"mr\" data-title=\"मेरी क्युरी\" data-language-autonym=\"मराठी\" data-language-local-name=\"Marathi\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Curie\" title=\"Marie Curie – Malaiisch\" lang=\"ms\" hreflang=\"ms\" data-title=\"Marie Curie\" data-language-autonym=\"Bahasa Melayu\" data-language-local-name=\"Malaiisch\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Curie\" title=\"Marie Curie – Maltesisch\" lang=\"mt\" hreflang=\"mt\" data-title=\"Marie Curie\" data-language-autonym=\"Malti\" data-language-local-name=\"Maltesisch\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AE_%E1%80%80%E1%80%BB%E1%80%B0%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8\" title=\"မာရီ ကျူးရီး – Birmanisch\" lang=\"my\" hreflang=\"my\" data-title=\"မာရီ ကျူးရီး\" data-language-autonym=\"မြန်မာဘာသာ\" data-language-local-name=\"Birmanisch\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C_%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C\" title=\"ماری کوری – Masanderanisch\" lang=\"mzn\" hreflang=\"mzn\" data-title=\"ماری کوری\" data-language-autonym=\"مازِرونی\" data-language-local-name=\"Masanderanisch\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Curie\" title=\"Marie Curie – Nahuatl\" lang=\"nah\" hreflang=\"nah\" data-title=\"Marie Curie\" data-language-autonym=\"Nāhuatl\" data-language-local-name=\"Nahuatl\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Nāhuatl</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Curie\" title=\"Marie Curie – Niedersächsisch\" lang=\"nds-NL\" hreflang=\"nds-NL\" data-title=\"Marie Curie\" data-language-autonym=\"Nedersaksies\" data-language-local-name=\"Niedersächsisch\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Curie\" title=\"Marie Curie – Niederdeutsch\" lang=\"nds\" hreflang=\"nds\" data-title=\"Marie Curie\" data-language-autonym=\"Plattdüütsch\" data-language-local-name=\"Niederdeutsch\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80\" title=\"मारिया क्युरी – Nepalesisch\" lang=\"ne\" hreflang=\"ne\" data-title=\"मारिया क्युरी\" data-language-autonym=\"नेपाली\" data-language-local-name=\"Nepalesisch\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80\" title=\"मेरी क्युरी – Newari\" lang=\"new\" hreflang=\"new\" data-title=\"मेरी क्युरी\" data-language-autonym=\"नेपाल भाषा\" data-language-local-name=\"Newari\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Curie\" title=\"Marie Curie – Niederländisch\" lang=\"nl\" hreflang=\"nl\" data-title=\"Marie Curie\" data-language-autonym=\"Nederlands\" data-language-local-name=\"Niederländisch\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Curie\" title=\"Marie Curie – Norwegisch (Nynorsk)\" lang=\"nn\" hreflang=\"nn\" data-title=\"Marie Curie\" data-language-autonym=\"Norsk nynorsk\" data-language-local-name=\"Norwegisch (Nynorsk)\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Curie\" title=\"Marie Curie – Norwegisch (Bokmål)\" lang=\"nb\" hreflang=\"nb\" data-title=\"Marie Curie\" data-language-autonym=\"Norsk bokmål\" data-language-local-name=\"Norwegisch (Bokmål)\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Curie\" title=\"Marie Curie – Okzitanisch\" lang=\"oc\" hreflang=\"oc\" data-title=\"Marie Curie\" data-language-autonym=\"Occitan\" data-language-local-name=\"Okzitanisch\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Curie\" title=\"Marie Curie – Olonetzisch\" lang=\"olo\" hreflang=\"olo\" data-title=\"Marie Curie\" data-language-autonym=\"Livvinkarjala\" data-language-local-name=\"Olonetzisch\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-om badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item\" title=\"exzellenter Artikel\"><a href=\"https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marii_Kurii\" title=\"Marii Kurii – Oromo\" lang=\"om\" hreflang=\"om\" data-title=\"Marii Kurii\" data-language-autonym=\"Oromoo\" data-language-local-name=\"Oromo\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%AE%E0%AD%87%E0%AC%B0%E0%AD%80_%E0%AC%95%E0%AD%8D%E0%AD%9F%E0%AD%81%E0%AC%B0%E0%AD%80\" title=\"ମେରୀ କ୍ୟୁରୀ – Oriya\" lang=\"or\" hreflang=\"or\" data-title=\"ମେରୀ କ୍ୟୁରୀ\" data-language-autonym=\"ଓଡ଼ିଆ\" data-language-local-name=\"Oriya\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%8A%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80\" title=\"ਮੈਰੀ ਕਿਊਰੀ – Punjabi\" lang=\"pa\" hreflang=\"pa\" data-title=\"ਮੈਰੀ ਕਿਊਰੀ\" data-language-autonym=\"ਪੰਜਾਬੀ\" data-language-local-name=\"Punjabi\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Curie\" title=\"Marie Curie – Pampanggan\" lang=\"pam\" hreflang=\"pam\" data-title=\"Marie Curie\" data-language-autonym=\"Kapampangan\" data-language-local-name=\"Pampanggan\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Curie\" title=\"Marie Curie – Picardisch\" lang=\"pcd\" hreflang=\"pcd\" data-title=\"Marie Curie\" data-language-autonym=\"Picard\" data-language-local-name=\"Picardisch\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maria_Sk%C5%82odowska-Curie\" title=\"Maria Skłodowska-Curie – Polnisch\" lang=\"pl\" hreflang=\"pl\" data-title=\"Maria Skłodowska-Curie\" data-language-autonym=\"Polski\" data-language-local-name=\"Polnisch\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Curie\" title=\"Marie Curie – Piemontesisch\" lang=\"pms\" hreflang=\"pms\" data-title=\"Marie Curie\" data-language-autonym=\"Piemontèis\" data-language-local-name=\"Piemontesisch\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B1%DB%8C_%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C\" title=\"میری کیوری – Westliches Panjabi\" lang=\"pnb\" hreflang=\"pnb\" data-title=\"میری کیوری\" data-language-autonym=\"پنجابی\" data-language-local-name=\"Westliches Panjabi\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-ppl mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://ppl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Curie\" title=\"Marie Curie – Nawat\" lang=\"ppl\" hreflang=\"ppl\" data-title=\"Marie Curie\" data-language-autonym=\"Nawat\" data-language-local-name=\"Nawat\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Nawat</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A_%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A\" title=\"ماري کیوري – Paschtu\" lang=\"ps\" hreflang=\"ps\" data-title=\"ماري کیوري\" data-language-autonym=\"پښتو\" data-language-local-name=\"Paschtu\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-pt badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item\" title=\"lesenswerter Artikel\"><a href=\"https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Curie\" title=\"Marie Curie – Portugiesisch\" lang=\"pt\" hreflang=\"pt\" data-title=\"Marie Curie\" data-language-autonym=\"Português\" data-language-local-name=\"Portugiesisch\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Curie\" title=\"Marie Curie – Quechua\" lang=\"qu\" hreflang=\"qu\" data-title=\"Marie Curie\" data-language-autonym=\"Runa Simi\" data-language-local-name=\"Quechua\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Curie\" title=\"Marie Curie – Rumänisch\" lang=\"ro\" hreflang=\"ro\" data-title=\"Marie Curie\" data-language-autonym=\"Română\" data-language-local-name=\"Rumänisch\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Curie\" title=\"Marie Curie – Aromunisch\" lang=\"rup\" hreflang=\"rup\" data-title=\"Marie Curie\" data-language-autonym=\"Armãneashti\" data-language-local-name=\"Aromunisch\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item\" title=\"lesenswerter Artikel\"><a href=\"https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F-%D0%9A%D1%8E%D1%80%D0%B8,_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F\" title=\"Склодовская-Кюри, Мария – Russisch\" lang=\"ru\" hreflang=\"ru\" data-title=\"Склодовская-Кюри, Мария\" data-language-autonym=\"Русский\" data-language-local-name=\"Russisch\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%9A%D1%8E%D1%80%D0%B8\" title=\"Мария Кюри – Russinisch\" lang=\"rue\" hreflang=\"rue\" data-title=\"Мария Кюри\" data-language-autonym=\"Русиньскый\" data-language-local-name=\"Russinisch\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80\" title=\"मेरी क्यूरी – Sanskrit\" lang=\"sa\" hreflang=\"sa\" data-title=\"मेरी क्यूरी\" data-language-autonym=\"संस्कृतम्\" data-language-local-name=\"Sanskrit\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%8E%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F\" title=\"Кюри Мария – Jakutisch\" lang=\"sah\" hreflang=\"sah\" data-title=\"Кюри Мария\" data-language-autonym=\"Саха тыла\" data-language-local-name=\"Jakutisch\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A2%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A4_%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%AD%E1%B1%A9%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A4\" title=\"ᱢᱮᱨᱤ ᱠᱭᱩᱨᱤ – Santali\" lang=\"sat\" hreflang=\"sat\" data-title=\"ᱢᱮᱨᱤ ᱠᱭᱩᱨᱤ\" data-language-autonym=\"ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ\" data-language-local-name=\"Santali\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Curie\" title=\"Marie Curie – Sizilianisch\" lang=\"scn\" hreflang=\"scn\" data-title=\"Marie Curie\" data-language-autonym=\"Sicilianu\" data-language-local-name=\"Sizilianisch\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Curie\" title=\"Marie Curie – Schottisch\" lang=\"sco\" hreflang=\"sco\" data-title=\"Marie Curie\" data-language-autonym=\"Scots\" data-language-local-name=\"Schottisch\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%8A_%DA%AA%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A\" title=\"ميري ڪيوري – Sindhi\" lang=\"sd\" hreflang=\"sd\" data-title=\"ميري ڪيوري\" data-language-autonym=\"سنڌي\" data-language-local-name=\"Sindhi\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Curie\" title=\"Marie Curie – Serbokroatisch\" lang=\"sh\" hreflang=\"sh\" data-title=\"Marie Curie\" data-language-autonym=\"Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски\" data-language-local-name=\"Serbokroatisch\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92_%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92\" title=\"මාරි කියුරි – Singhalesisch\" lang=\"si\" hreflang=\"si\" data-title=\"මාරි කියුරි\" data-language-autonym=\"සිංහල\" data-language-local-name=\"Singhalesisch\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Curie\" title=\"Marie Curie – Einfaches Englisch\" lang=\"en-simple\" hreflang=\"en-simple\" data-title=\"Marie Curie\" data-language-autonym=\"Simple English\" data-language-local-name=\"Einfaches Englisch\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maria_Curieov%C3%A1-Sk%C5%82odowsk%C3%A1\" title=\"Maria Curieová-Skłodowská – Slowakisch\" lang=\"sk\" hreflang=\"sk\" data-title=\"Maria Curieová-Skłodowská\" data-language-autonym=\"Slovenčina\" data-language-local-name=\"Slowakisch\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Sk%C5%82odowska-Curie\" title=\"Marie Skłodowska-Curie – Slowenisch\" lang=\"sl\" hreflang=\"sl\" data-title=\"Marie Skłodowska-Curie\" data-language-autonym=\"Slovenščina\" data-language-local-name=\"Slowenisch\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Curie\" title=\"Marie Curie – Inari-Samisch\" lang=\"smn\" hreflang=\"smn\" data-title=\"Marie Curie\" data-language-autonym=\"Anarâškielâ\" data-language-local-name=\"Inari-Samisch\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Curie\" title=\"Marie Curie – Albanisch\" lang=\"sq\" hreflang=\"sq\" data-title=\"Marie Curie\" data-language-autonym=\"Shqip\" data-language-local-name=\"Albanisch\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0_%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8\" title=\"Марија Кири – Serbisch\" lang=\"sr\" hreflang=\"sr\" data-title=\"Марија Кири\" data-language-autonym=\"Српски / srpski\" data-language-local-name=\"Serbisch\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Curie\" title=\"Marie Curie – Sundanesisch\" lang=\"su\" hreflang=\"su\" data-title=\"Marie Curie\" data-language-autonym=\"Sunda\" data-language-local-name=\"Sundanesisch\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Curie\" title=\"Marie Curie – Schwedisch\" lang=\"sv\" hreflang=\"sv\" data-title=\"Marie Curie\" data-language-autonym=\"Svenska\" data-language-local-name=\"Schwedisch\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Curie\" title=\"Marie Curie – Suaheli\" lang=\"sw\" hreflang=\"sw\" data-title=\"Marie Curie\" data-language-autonym=\"Kiswahili\" data-language-local-name=\"Suaheli\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF_%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF\" title=\"மேரி கியூரி – Tamil\" lang=\"ta\" hreflang=\"ta\" data-title=\"மேரி கியூரி\" data-language-autonym=\"தமிழ்\" data-language-local-name=\"Tamil\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-tcy mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://tcy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%87%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BF_%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF%E0%B3%82%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BF\" title=\"ಮೇರಿ ಕ್ಯೂರಿ – Tulu\" lang=\"tcy\" hreflang=\"tcy\" data-title=\"ಮೇರಿ ಕ್ಯೂರಿ\" data-language-autonym=\"ತುಳು\" data-language-local-name=\"Tulu\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>ತುಳು</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%80_%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%80\" title=\"మేరీ క్యూరీ – Telugu\" lang=\"te\" hreflang=\"te\" data-title=\"మేరీ క్యూరీ\" data-language-autonym=\"తెలుగు\" data-language-local-name=\"Telugu\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%A1%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0-%D0%9A%D1%8E%D1%80%D0%B8\" title=\"Мария Склодовска-Кюри – Tadschikisch\" lang=\"tg\" hreflang=\"tg\" data-title=\"Мария Склодовска-Кюри\" data-language-autonym=\"Тоҷикӣ\" data-language-local-name=\"Tadschikisch\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5_%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5\" title=\"มารี กูว์รี – Thailändisch\" lang=\"th\" hreflang=\"th\" data-title=\"มารี กูว์รี\" data-language-autonym=\"ไทย\" data-language-local-name=\"Thailändisch\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Curie\" title=\"Marie Curie – Tagalog\" lang=\"tl\" hreflang=\"tl\" data-title=\"Marie Curie\" data-language-autonym=\"Tagalog\" data-language-local-name=\"Tagalog\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maria_Kuri\" title=\"Maria Kuri – Talisch\" lang=\"tly\" hreflang=\"tly\" data-title=\"Maria Kuri\" data-language-autonym=\"Tolışi\" data-language-local-name=\"Talisch\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-tn mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://tn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Curie\" title=\"Marie Curie – Tswana\" lang=\"tn\" hreflang=\"tn\" data-title=\"Marie Curie\" data-language-autonym=\"Setswana\" data-language-local-name=\"Tswana\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Setswana</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-tok mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://tok.wikipedia.org/wiki/jan_Malija_Kili\" title=\"jan Malija Kili – Toki Pona\" lang=\"tok\" hreflang=\"tok\" data-title=\"jan Malija Kili\" data-language-autonym=\"Toki pona\" data-language-local-name=\"Toki Pona\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Toki pona</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Curie\" title=\"Marie Curie – Türkisch\" lang=\"tr\" hreflang=\"tr\" data-title=\"Marie Curie\" data-language-autonym=\"Türkçe\" data-language-local-name=\"Türkisch\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%A1%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F-%D0%9A%D1%8E%D1%80%D0%B8\" title=\"Мария Склодовская-Кюри – Tatarisch\" lang=\"tt\" hreflang=\"tt\" data-title=\"Мария Склодовская-Кюри\" data-language-autonym=\"Татарча / tatarça\" data-language-local-name=\"Tatarisch\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F-%D0%9A%D1%8E%D1%80%D0%B8,_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F\" title=\"Склодовская-Кюри, Мария – Tuwinisch\" lang=\"tyv\" hreflang=\"tyv\" data-title=\"Склодовская-Кюри, Мария\" data-language-autonym=\"Тыва дыл\" data-language-local-name=\"Tuwinisch\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Тыва дыл</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%8E%D1%80%D0%B8,_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F\" title=\"Кюри, Мария – Udmurtisch\" lang=\"udm\" hreflang=\"udm\" data-title=\"Кюри, Мария\" data-language-autonym=\"Удмурт\" data-language-local-name=\"Udmurtisch\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%A1%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0-%D0%9A%D1%8E%D1%80%D1%96\" title=\"Марія Склодовська-Кюрі – Ukrainisch\" lang=\"uk\" hreflang=\"uk\" data-title=\"Марія Склодовська-Кюрі\" data-language-autonym=\"Українська\" data-language-local-name=\"Ukrainisch\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B1%DB%8C_%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C\" title=\"میری کیوری – Urdu\" lang=\"ur\" hreflang=\"ur\" data-title=\"میری کیوری\" data-language-autonym=\"اردو\" data-language-local-name=\"Urdu\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Curie\" title=\"Marie Curie – Usbekisch\" lang=\"uz\" hreflang=\"uz\" data-title=\"Marie Curie\" data-language-autonym=\"Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча\" data-language-local-name=\"Usbekisch\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sklodovskaja-K%C3%BCri_Marija\" title=\"Sklodovskaja-Küri Marija – Wepsisch\" lang=\"vep\" hreflang=\"vep\" data-title=\"Sklodovskaja-Küri Marija\" data-language-autonym=\"Vepsän kel’\" data-language-local-name=\"Wepsisch\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-vi badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item\" title=\"lesenswerter Artikel\"><a href=\"https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Curie\" title=\"Marie Curie – Vietnamesisch\" lang=\"vi\" hreflang=\"vi\" data-title=\"Marie Curie\" data-language-autonym=\"Tiếng Việt\" data-language-local-name=\"Vietnamesisch\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Curie\" title=\"Marie Curie – Volapük\" lang=\"vo\" hreflang=\"vo\" data-title=\"Marie Curie\" data-language-autonym=\"Volapük\" data-language-local-name=\"Volapük\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Curie\" title=\"Marie Curie – Waray\" lang=\"war\" hreflang=\"war\" data-title=\"Marie Curie\" data-language-autonym=\"Winaray\" data-language-local-name=\"Waray\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%8E%9B%E4%B8%BD%C2%B7%E5%B1%85%E9%87%8C\" title=\"玛丽·居里 – Wu\" lang=\"wuu\" hreflang=\"wuu\" data-title=\"玛丽·居里\" data-language-autonym=\"吴语\" data-language-local-name=\"Wu\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%99%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%93%E1%83%9D%E1%83%95%E1%83%A1%E1%83%99%E1%83%90-%E1%83%99%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98\" title=\"მარი სკლოდოვსკა-კიური – Mingrelisch\" lang=\"xmf\" hreflang=\"xmf\" data-title=\"მარი სკლოდოვსკა-კიური\" data-language-autonym=\"მარგალური\" data-language-local-name=\"Mingrelisch\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%99_%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%99\" title=\"מארי קירי – Jiddisch\" lang=\"yi\" hreflang=\"yi\" data-title=\"מארי קירי\" data-language-autonym=\"ייִדיש\" data-language-local-name=\"Jiddisch\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Curie\" title=\"Marie Curie – Yoruba\" lang=\"yo\" hreflang=\"yo\" data-title=\"Marie Curie\" data-language-autonym=\"Yorùbá\" data-language-local-name=\"Yoruba\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Curie\" title=\"Marie Curie – Seeländisch\" lang=\"zea\" hreflang=\"zea\" data-title=\"Marie Curie\" data-language-autonym=\"Zeêuws\" data-language-local-name=\"Seeländisch\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%91%AA%E9%BA%97%E5%B1%85%E7%A6%AE\" title=\"瑪麗居禮 – Klassisches Chinesisch\" lang=\"lzh\" hreflang=\"lzh\" data-title=\"瑪麗居禮\" data-language-autonym=\"文言\" data-language-local-name=\"Klassisches Chinesisch\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Curie\" title=\"Marie Curie – Min Nan\" lang=\"nan\" hreflang=\"nan\" data-title=\"Marie Curie\" data-language-autonym=\"閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gí\" data-language-local-name=\"Min Nan\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gí</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%91%AA%E9%BA%97%C2%B7%E5%B1%85%E9%87%8C\" title=\"瑪麗·居里 – Kantonesisch\" lang=\"yue\" hreflang=\"yue\" data-title=\"瑪麗·居里\" data-language-autonym=\"粵語\" data-language-local-name=\"Kantonesisch\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%8E%9B%E4%B8%BD%C2%B7%E5%B1%85%E9%87%8C\" title=\"玛丽·居里 – Chinesisch\" lang=\"zh\" hreflang=\"zh\" data-title=\"玛丽·居里\" data-language-autonym=\"中文\" data-language-local-name=\"Chinesisch\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>中文</span></a></li>\n\t\t\t</ul>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"after-portlet after-portlet-lang\"><span class=\"wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link\"><a href=\"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q7186#sitelinks-wikipedia\" title=\"Links auf Artikel in anderen Sprachen bearbeiten\" class=\"wbc-editpage\">Links bearbeiten</a></span></div>\n\t\t</div>\n\n\t</div>\n</div>\n</header>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"vector-page-toolbar\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"vector-page-toolbar-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"left-navigation\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<nav aria-label=\"Namensräume\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<div id=\"p-associated-pages\" class=\"vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages\"  >\n\t<div class=\"vector-menu-content\">\n\t\t\n\t\t<ul class=\"vector-menu-content-list\">\n\t\t\t<li id=\"ca-nstab-main\" class=\"selected 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1em; padding-top: 0.2em; vertical-align: middle;\" aria-hidden=\"true\" role=\"presentation\"><span typeof=\"mw:File\"><span><img resource=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Datei:Disambig-dark.svg\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Disambig-dark.svg/40px-Disambig-dark.svg.png?utm_source=de.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Disambig-dark.svg/60px-Disambig-dark.svg.png?utm_source=de.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" alt=\"\" data-file-width=\"444\" data-file-height=\"340\" data-file-type=\"drawing\" height=\"19\" width=\"25\" class=\"mw-file-element\"/></span></span></div>\n<div style=\"display: table-cell; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%;\">\n<div role=\"navigation\">\nDer Titel dieses Artikels ist mehrdeutig. Weitere Bedeutungen sind unter <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Curie_(Begriffsklärung)\" title=\"Marie Curie (Begriffsklärung)\" class=\"mw-disambig\">Marie Curie (Begriffsklärung)</a> aufgeführt.</div>\n</div></div>\n<figure class=\"mw-default-size\" typeof=\"mw:File/Thumb\" id=\"mwAg\"><a href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Datei:Marie_Curie_(Nobel-Chem).jpg\" class=\"mw-file-description\" id=\"mwAw\"><img resource=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Datei:Marie_Curie_(Nobel-Chem).jpg\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Marie_Curie_%28Nobel-Chem%29.jpg/250px-Marie_Curie_%28Nobel-Chem%29.jpg?utm_source=de.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Marie_Curie_%28Nobel-Chem%29.jpg/500px-Marie_Curie_%28Nobel-Chem%29.jpg?utm_source=de.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" data-file-width=\"1017\" data-file-height=\"1293\" data-file-type=\"bitmap\" height=\"318\" width=\"250\" class=\"mw-file-element\" id=\"mwBA\"/></a><figcaption id=\"mwBQ\">Marie Curie, Ausschnitt aus dem Nobelpreisfoto von 1911\n<span class=\"mw-default-size skin-invert-image\" typeof=\"mw:File/Frameless\" id=\"mwBg\"><a href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Datei:Marie_Curie_signature.svg\" class=\"mw-file-description\" id=\"mwBw\"><img resource=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Datei:Marie_Curie_signature.svg\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Marie_Curie_signature.svg/250px-Marie_Curie_signature.svg.png?utm_source=de.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Marie_Curie_signature.svg/500px-Marie_Curie_signature.svg.png?utm_source=de.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" data-file-width=\"585\" data-file-height=\"190\" data-file-type=\"drawing\" height=\"62\" width=\"190\" class=\"mw-file-element mw-file-upright\" style=\"--mw-file-upright: 0.75\" id=\"mwCA\"/></a></span></figcaption></figure>\n\n<p id=\"mwCQ\"><b id=\"mwCg\">Marie Skłodowska Curie</b> (* <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/7._November\" title=\"7. November\" id=\"mwCw\">7. November</a> <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/1867\" title=\"1867\" id=\"mwDA\">1867</a> in <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warschau\" title=\"Warschau\" id=\"mwDQ\">Warschau</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russisches_Kaiserreich\" title=\"Russisches Kaiserreich\" id=\"mwDg\">Russisches Kaiserreich</a> als <b id=\"mwDw\">Maria Salomea Skłodowska</b>; † <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/4._Juli\" title=\"4. Juli\" id=\"mwEA\">4. Juli</a> <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/1934\" title=\"1934\" id=\"mwEQ\">1934</a> bei <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Passy_(Haute-Savoie)\" title=\"Passy (Haute-Savoie)\" id=\"mwEg\">Passy</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankreich\" title=\"Frankreich\" id=\"mwEw\">Frankreich</a>) war eine <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physiker\" title=\"Physiker\" id=\"mwFA\">Physikerin</a> und <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemie\" title=\"Chemie\" id=\"mwFQ\">Chemikerin</a> <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polen_(Ethnie)\" title=\"Polen (Ethnie)\" id=\"mwFg\">polnischer Herkunft</a>, die in Frankreich lebte und wirkte. Sie untersuchte die 1896 von <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henri_Becquerel\" title=\"Henri Becquerel\" id=\"mwFw\">Henri Becquerel</a> beobachtete Strahlung von <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uran\" title=\"Uran\" id=\"mwGA\">Uranverbindungen</a> und prägte für diese das Wort „<a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radioaktivität\" title=\"Radioaktivität\" id=\"mwGQ\">radioaktiv</a>“. Im Rahmen ihrer Forschungen, für die ihr 1903 ein anteiliger <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobelpreis_für_Physik\" title=\"Nobelpreis für Physik\" id=\"mwGg\">Nobelpreis für Physik</a> und 1911 der <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobelpreis_für_Chemie\" title=\"Nobelpreis für Chemie\" id=\"mwGw\">Nobelpreis für Chemie</a> zugesprochen wurde, entdeckte sie gemeinsam mit ihrem Ehemann <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_Curie\" title=\"Pierre Curie\" id=\"mwHA\">Pierre Curie</a> die chemischen Elemente <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polonium\" title=\"Polonium\" id=\"mwHQ\">Polonium</a> und <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radium\" title=\"Radium\" id=\"mwHg\">Radium</a>. Marie Curie ist die einzige Frau unter den fünf Personen, denen bisher <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobelpreis#Mehrmalige_Preisträger\" title=\"Nobelpreis\" id=\"mwHw\">mehrfach ein Nobelpreis verliehen wurde</a>, und neben <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linus_Pauling\" title=\"Linus Pauling\" id=\"mwIA\">Linus Pauling</a> die einzige Person, die Nobelpreise auf zwei unterschiedlichen Fachgebieten erhielt.</p>\n\n<p id=\"mwIQ\">Marie Curie wuchs im damals zu Russland gehörigen Teil <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polen\" title=\"Polen\" id=\"mwIg\">Polens</a> auf. Da Frauen dort nicht zum Studium zugelassen wurden, zog sie nach <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris\" title=\"Paris\" id=\"mwIw\">Paris</a> und begann Ende 1891 ein Studium an der <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sorbonne\" title=\"Sorbonne\" id=\"mwJA\">Sorbonne</a>, das sie mit <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Licence\" title=\"Licence\" id=\"mwJQ\">Lizenziaten</a> in Physik und Mathematik beendete. Im Dezember 1897 begann sie die Erforschung radioaktiver Substanzen, die seitdem den Schwerpunkt ihrer wissenschaftlichen Tätigkeit bildeten. Nach dem Unfalltod Pierre Curies wurden ihr 1906 zunächst seine Lehrverpflichtungen übertragen. Zwei Jahre später wurde sie schließlich auf den für ihn geschaffenen <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lehrstuhl\" title=\"Lehrstuhl\" id=\"mwJg\">Lehrstuhl</a> für Allgemeine Physik berufen. Sie war die erste Frau und die erste <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Professor\" title=\"Professor\" id=\"mwJw\">Professorin</a>, die an der Sorbonne lehrte. Als sich Marie Curie 1911 um einen Sitz in der <i id=\"mwKA\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Académie_des_sciences\" title=\"Académie des sciences\" id=\"mwKQ\">Académie des sciences</a></i> bewarb und im selben Jahr ihr Verhältnis mit <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Langevin\" title=\"Paul Langevin\" id=\"mwKg\">Paul Langevin</a> bekannt wurde, erschienen in der <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boulevardzeitung\" title=\"Boulevardzeitung\" id=\"mwKw\">Boulevardpresse</a> Artikel, in denen sie persönlich angegriffen und als Fremde, Intellektuelle, Jüdin und sonderbare Frau bezeichnet wurde.</p>\n\n<p id=\"mwLA\">Während des <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erster_Weltkrieg\" title=\"Erster Weltkrieg\" id=\"mwLQ\">Ersten Weltkrieges</a> widmete sich Marie Curie als <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiologie\" title=\"Radiologie\" id=\"mwLg\">Radiologin</a> der Behandlung verwundeter Soldaten. Sie entwickelte einen Röntgenwagen, der es ermöglichte, radiologische Untersuchungen in unmittelbarer Nähe der Front vorzunehmen, und beteiligte sich an der Qualifizierung der notwendigen Techniker und Krankenschwestern. Nach dem Krieg engagierte sie sich in der <i id=\"mwLw\">Internationalen Kommission für Geistige Zusammenarbeit</i> des <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Völkerbund\" title=\"Völkerbund\" id=\"mwMA\">Völkerbundes</a> für bessere Arbeitsbedingungen von Wissenschaftlern. An dem von ihr geleiteten Pariser Radium-Institut setzte sie sich für die Förderung von weiblichen und ausländischen Studenten ein.</p>\n\n<meta property=\"mw:PageProp/toc\" id=\"mwMQ\" data-mw='{\"autoGenerated\":true}'/></section><section data-mw-section-id=\"1\" id=\"mwMg\" aria-labelledby=\"Leben_und_Wirken\"><div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading2\"><h2 id=\"Leben_und_Wirken\">Leben und Wirken</h2><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">[</span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Marie_Curie&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=1\" title=\"Abschnitt bearbeiten: Leben und Wirken\" class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\"><span>Bearbeiten</span></a><span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | </span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Marie_Curie&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1\" title=\"Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Leben und Wirken\"><span>Quelltext bearbeiten</span></a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">]</span></span></div>\n<section data-mw-section-id=\"2\" id=\"mwMw\" aria-labelledby=\"Kindheit_und_Jugend\"><div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading3\"><h3 id=\"Kindheit_und_Jugend\">Kindheit und Jugend</h3><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">[</span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Marie_Curie&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=2\" title=\"Abschnitt bearbeiten: Kindheit und Jugend\" class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\"><span>Bearbeiten</span></a><span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | </span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Marie_Curie&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2\" title=\"Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Kindheit und Jugend\"><span>Quelltext bearbeiten</span></a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">]</span></span></div>\n<figure class=\"mw-default-size\" typeof=\"mw:File/Thumb\" id=\"mwNA\"><a href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Datei:Kamienica_Łyszkiewicza_w_Warszawie_2020.jpg\" class=\"mw-file-description\" id=\"mwNQ\"><img resource=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Datei:Kamienica_Łyszkiewicza_w_Warszawie_2020.jpg\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Kamienica_%C5%81yszkiewicza_w_Warszawie_2020.jpg/250px-Kamienica_%C5%81yszkiewicza_w_Warszawie_2020.jpg?utm_source=de.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Kamienica_%C5%81yszkiewicza_w_Warszawie_2020.jpg/500px-Kamienica_%C5%81yszkiewicza_w_Warszawie_2020.jpg?utm_source=de.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" data-file-width=\"4457\" data-file-height=\"3060\" data-file-type=\"bitmap\" height=\"130\" width=\"190\" class=\"mw-file-element mw-file-upright\" style=\"--mw-file-upright: 0.75\" id=\"mwNg\"/></a><figcaption id=\"mwNw\">Geburtshaus von Marie Curie in Warschau</figcaption></figure>\n\n<p id=\"mwOA\">Maria<!-- sic --> Skłodowska war das jüngste von fünf Kindern des Lehrerehepaares Bronisława und <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Władysław_Skłodowski\" title=\"Władysław Skłodowski\" id=\"mwOQ\">Władysław Skłodowski</a>, die beide dem niederen polnischen Landadel, der <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Szlachta\" title=\"Szlachta\" id=\"mwOg\">Szlachta</a>, entstammten und zur polnischen <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intelligenzija\" title=\"Intelligenzija\" id=\"mwOw\">Intelligenzija</a> zählten. Ihr Vater Władysław hatte an der <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Staatliche_Universität_Sankt_Petersburg\" title=\"Staatliche Universität Sankt Petersburg\" id=\"mwPA\">Universität Sankt Petersburg</a> studiert und als Lehrer für Mathematik und Physik an verschiedenen staatlichen und privaten Schulen unterrichtet. Ihre Mutter Bronisława wurde am Mädchenpensionat in der Fretastraße <i id=\"mwPQ\">(Ulica Freta)</i>, der einzigen privaten Mädchenschule in Warschau, ausgebildet, wo sie anschließend erst als Lehrerin und später als Schulleiterin tätig war und wo die Familie zum Zeitpunkt von Marias Geburt wohnte. 1868 wurde ihr Vater zum stellvertretenden Direktor einer öffentlichen Schule befördert, woraufhin die Familie in die mit der Stellung verbundene größere Dienstwohnung in der Nowolipki-Straße <i id=\"mwPg\">(Ulica Nowolipki)</i> zog. Etwa zu dieser Zeit erkrankte Marias Mutter an <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuberkulose\" title=\"Tuberkulose\" id=\"mwPw\">Tuberkulose</a> und musste ihren Posten aufgeben. Als ihr Vater 1873 aus dem Schuldienst entlassen wurde, war die Familie aus finanziellen Gründen gezwungen, ein Pensionat zu eröffnen, das anfangs zwei und später bis zu zehn Schüler beherbergte.<sup about=\"#mwt2\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-1\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-1\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-1\" id=\"mwQA\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwQQ\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwQg\">[</span>1<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwQw\">]</span></span></a></sup> Maria wurde mit sechs Jahren eingeschult und besuchte zunächst die von ihrer Mutter geleitete Mädchenschule in der Fretastraße. Zwei Jahre später wechselte sie auf die näher gelegene Privatschule von <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jadwiga_Sikorska?action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" title=\"Jadwiga Sikorska (Seite nicht vorhanden)\" class=\"new\" typeof=\"mw:LocalizedAttrs\" id=\"mwRA\" data-mw-i18n='{\"title\":{\"lang\":\"x-page\",\"key\":\"red-link-title\",\"params\":[\"Jadwiga Sikorska\"]}}'>Jadwiga Sikorska</a> (1846–1927). Nach dem gescheiterten <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Januaraufstand\" title=\"Januaraufstand\" id=\"mwRQ\">Januaraufstand</a> von 1863 wurde im russisch kontrollierten Teil Polens eine zunehmende <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russifizierung\" title=\"Russifizierung\" id=\"mwRg\">Russifizierung</a> betrieben. Unterricht durfte nur in <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russische_Sprache\" title=\"Russische Sprache\" id=\"mwRw\">russischer Sprache</a> erteilt, polnische Geschichte und Kultur konnte nur heimlich unterrichtet werden, was gleichermaßen eine Herausforderung für Lehrer wie Schüler war. Im Herbst 1878 wechselte Maria an das öffentliche Gymnasium Nr.<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwSA\"> </span>3. Kurz zuvor<!-- 9. Mai 1878 --> war ihre Mutter an den Folgen ihrer Erkrankung gestorben. 1883 bestand Maria im Alter von 15<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwSQ\"> </span>Jahren ihr Abitur als Klassenbeste. Das darauf folgende Jahr verbrachte sie bei Verwandten auf dem Land, da sie Anzeichen von Erschöpfung zeigte.<sup about=\"#mwt3\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-2\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-2\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-2\" id=\"mwSg\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwSw\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwTA\">[</span>2<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwTQ\">]</span></span></a></sup></p>\n\n<figure class=\"mw-default-size\" typeof=\"mw:File/Thumb\" id=\"mwTg\"><a href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Datei:Sklodowski_Family_Wladyslaw_and_his_daughters_Maria_Bronislawa_Helena.jpg\" class=\"mw-file-description\" id=\"mwTw\"><img resource=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Datei:Sklodowski_Family_Wladyslaw_and_his_daughters_Maria_Bronislawa_Helena.jpg\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Sklodowski_Family_Wladyslaw_and_his_daughters_Maria_Bronislawa_Helena.jpg/250px-Sklodowski_Family_Wladyslaw_and_his_daughters_Maria_Bronislawa_Helena.jpg?utm_source=de.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Sklodowski_Family_Wladyslaw_and_his_daughters_Maria_Bronislawa_Helena.jpg/500px-Sklodowski_Family_Wladyslaw_and_his_daughters_Maria_Bronislawa_Helena.jpg?utm_source=de.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" data-file-width=\"960\" data-file-height=\"1200\" data-file-type=\"bitmap\" height=\"238\" width=\"190\" class=\"mw-file-element mw-file-upright\" style=\"--mw-file-upright: 0.75\" id=\"mwUA\"/></a><figcaption id=\"mwUQ\">Maria Skłodowska (links) mit ihrem Vater <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Władysław_Skłodowski\" title=\"Władysław Skłodowski\" id=\"mwUg\">Władysław Skłodowski</a> und ihren Schwestern <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bronisława_Dłuska\" title=\"Bronisława Dłuska\" id=\"mwUw\">Bronia</a> und Helena (1890)</figcaption></figure>\n\n<p id=\"mwVA\">In Polen durfte Maria nicht studieren, weil Frauen an Universitäten nicht zugelassen waren. Die finanzielle Situation ihres Vaters ließ eine Unterstützung während eines Auslandsstudiums nicht zu. Im Spätsommer 1884 begann Maria in der Wohnung ihres Vaters Privatunterricht zu erteilen. Während dieser Zeit nahm sie gemeinsam mit ihrer Schwester <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bronisława_Dłuska\" title=\"Bronisława Dłuska\" id=\"mwVQ\">Bronia</a> an Kursen der von <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jadwiga_Szczawińska-Dawidowa?action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" title=\"Jadwiga Szczawińska-Dawidowa (Seite nicht vorhanden)\" class=\"new\" typeof=\"mw:LocalizedAttrs\" id=\"mwVg\" data-mw-i18n='{\"title\":{\"lang\":\"x-page\",\"key\":\"red-link-title\",\"params\":[\"Jadwiga Szczawińska-Dawidowa\"]}}'>Jadwiga Szczawińska-Dawidowa</a> (1864–1910) heimlich organisierten <i id=\"mwVw\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fliegende_Universität?action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" title=\"Fliegende Universität (Seite nicht vorhanden)\" class=\"new\" typeof=\"mw:LocalizedAttrs\" id=\"mwWA\" data-mw-i18n='{\"title\":{\"lang\":\"x-page\",\"key\":\"red-link-title\",\"params\":[\"Fliegende Universität\"]}}'>Fliegenden Universität</a></i> <i id=\"mwWQ\">(Uniwersytet Latający)</i> teil, die eine akademische Bildung ermöglichte.<sup about=\"#mwt4\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-3\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-3\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-3\" id=\"mwWg\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwWw\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwXA\">[</span>3<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwXQ\">]</span></span></a></sup></p>\n\n<p id=\"mwXg\">Ab September 1885 arbeitete Maria kurze Zeit als Hauslehrerin bei einer Anwaltsfamilie. Ende 1885 übernahm sie für dreieinhalb Jahre eine Stelle als Hauslehrerin auf dem Land in <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Szczuki?action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" title=\"Szczuki (Seite nicht vorhanden)\" class=\"new\" typeof=\"mw:LocalizedAttrs\" id=\"mwXw\" data-mw-i18n='{\"title\":{\"lang\":\"x-page\",\"key\":\"red-link-title\",\"params\":[\"Szczuki\"]}}'>Szczuki</a> bei <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Przasnysz\" title=\"Przasnysz\" id=\"mwYA\">Przasnysz</a> mit der Aufgabe, die beiden ältesten Töchter der Familie Żorawski zu unterrichten. An ihren freien Abenden las sie Bücher über Physik, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soziologie\" title=\"Soziologie\" id=\"mwYQ\">Soziologie</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anatomie\" title=\"Anatomie\" id=\"mwYg\">Anatomie</a> und <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physiologie\" title=\"Physiologie\" id=\"mwYw\">Physiologie</a>, um ihre Neigungen auszuloten und sich auf das Studium vorzubereiten.<!-- Q S. 77 --> Mit dem Einverständnis des Hausherrn und mit Unterstützung von dessen ältester Tochter gab Maria täglich einem Dutzend Bauernkindern Unterricht im Lesen und Schreiben. Als im Sommer des ersten Jahres ihres Aufenthalts der älteste Sohn der Familie <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazimierz_Żorawski\" title=\"Kazimierz Żorawski\" id=\"mwZA\">Kazimierz Żorawski</a> von der Universität nach Hause zurückkehrte, verliebten sich beide ineinander. Ihre Heiratspläne scheiterten jedoch am Widerstand von Kazimierz’ Familie. Im Frühjahr 1889 endete Marias Tätigkeit bei den Żorawskis.<!-- Q S. 86 --> Sie fand eine weitere Hauslehrerinnenstelle in einem Badeort an der Ostseeküste. Um seine Töchter besser finanziell unterstützen zu können, hatte ihr Vater im April 1888 nach seiner Pensionierung für zwei Jahre die Leitung einer landwirtschaftlichen Erziehungsanstalt in Studzieniec in der Nähe von Warschau übernommen.</p><!-- Q S. 89, E. S. 79 -->\n\n<p id=\"mwZQ\">Seit 1890 wohnte Maria wieder mit ihrem Vater in Warschau zusammen. Ihrem Cousin <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Józef_Boguski\" title=\"Józef Boguski\" id=\"mwZg\">Józef Boguski</a>, einem ehemaligen Assistenten von <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dmitri_Iwanowitsch_Mendelejew\" title=\"Dmitri Iwanowitsch Mendelejew\" id=\"mwZw\">Dmitri Mendelejew</a>, wurde die Leitung des <i id=\"mwaA\">Warschauer Industrie- und Landwirtschaftsmuseums</i> <i id=\"mwaQ\">(Muzeum Przemysłu i Rolnictwa)</i> übertragen. In den Räumlichkeiten des Museums, das über ein eigenes Laboratorium verfügte, bekam Maria zum ersten Mal die Gelegenheit, eigene <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemie\" title=\"Chemie\" id=\"mwag\">chemische</a> und physikalische <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Experiment\" title=\"Experiment\" id=\"mwaw\">Experimente</a> durchzuführen, die ihre <span about=\"#mwt5\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwbA\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"\\\"\",\"href\":\"./Vorlage:\\\"\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"Neigung zur experimentellen Forschung auf dem Gebiet der Physik und Chemie\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'>„Neigung zur experimentellen Forschung auf dem Gebiet der Physik und Chemie“</span><sup about=\"#mwt6\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-4\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-4\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-4\" id=\"mwbQ\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwbg\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwbw\">[</span>4<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwcA\">]</span></span></a></sup> festigten und sie in ihrem Wunsch, ein <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naturwissenschaft\" title=\"Naturwissenschaft\" id=\"mwcQ\">naturwissenschaftliches</a> Studium in Paris aufzunehmen, bestärkten.</p><!-- Q. S. 90 -->\n\n</section><section data-mw-section-id=\"3\" id=\"mwcg\" aria-labelledby=\"Erste_Jahre_in_Paris\"><div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading3\"><h3 id=\"Erste_Jahre_in_Paris\">Erste Jahre in Paris</h3><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">[</span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Marie_Curie&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=3\" title=\"Abschnitt bearbeiten: Erste Jahre in Paris\" class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\"><span>Bearbeiten</span></a><span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | </span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Marie_Curie&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3\" title=\"Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Erste Jahre in Paris\"><span>Quelltext bearbeiten</span></a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">]</span></span></div>\n<figure class=\"mw-default-size\" typeof=\"mw:File/Thumb\" id=\"mwcw\"><a href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Datei:Marie_Pierre_Irene_Curie.jpg\" class=\"mw-file-description\" id=\"mwdA\"><img resource=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Datei:Marie_Pierre_Irene_Curie.jpg\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Marie_Pierre_Irene_Curie.jpg/250px-Marie_Pierre_Irene_Curie.jpg?utm_source=de.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Marie_Pierre_Irene_Curie.jpg/500px-Marie_Pierre_Irene_Curie.jpg?utm_source=de.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" data-file-width=\"612\" data-file-height=\"480\" data-file-type=\"bitmap\" height=\"196\" width=\"250\" class=\"mw-file-element\" id=\"mwdQ\"/></a><figcaption id=\"mwdg\">Pierre, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irène_Joliot-Curie\" title=\"Irène Joliot-Curie\" id=\"mwdw\">Irène</a> und Marie Curie 1902 in Paris</figcaption></figure>\n\n<p id=\"mweA\">1891 reiste Maria Skłodowska nach Paris, wo sie anfangs bei ihrer Schwester <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bronisława_Dłuska\" title=\"Bronisława Dłuska\" id=\"mweQ\">Bronia</a> und deren Mann Kazimierz Dłuski in der <i id=\"mweg\">Rue d’Allemagne</i> unweit des <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahnhof_Paris-Nord\" title=\"Bahnhof Paris-Nord\" id=\"mwew\">Gare du Nord</a> wohnte. Am 3.<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwfA\"> </span>November schrieb sie sich als Marie Skłodowska für ein Studium der <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physik\" title=\"Physik\" id=\"mwfQ\">Physik</a> an der <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sorbonne\" title=\"Sorbonne\" id=\"mwfg\">Sorbonne</a> ein. Unter den 9000 Studenten der Universität in diesem Jahr befanden sich 210 Frauen. Von den mehr als 1825 Studenten der <i id=\"mwfw\">Faculté des sciences</i> waren 23 weiblich.<sup about=\"#mwt7\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-5\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-5\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-5\" id=\"mwgA\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwgQ\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwgg\">[</span>5<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwgw\">]</span></span></a></sup> Ihre wenigen Mitstudentinnen kamen meist aus dem Ausland, da an den französischen Mädchenschulen zu dieser Zeit die zur <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baccalauréat\" title=\"Baccalauréat\" id=\"mwhA\">Baccalauréat</a>-Prüfung notwendigen Fächer Physik, Biologie, Latein und Griechisch nicht gelehrt wurden.<sup about=\"#mwt8\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-6\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-6\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-6\" id=\"mwhQ\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwhg\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwhw\">[</span>6<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwiA\">]</span></span></a></sup> Marie hatte schlechtere Vorkenntnisse als ihre französischen Kommilitonen. Die sprachlichen Probleme bildeten eine zusätzliche Herausforderung. Im Winter 1891/1892 spielte sie bei einem von Exilpolen inszenierten russlandfeindlichen Theaterstück mit, was ihren Vater sehr verärgerte.<sup about=\"#mwt9\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-7\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-7\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-7\" id=\"mwiQ\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwig\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwiw\">[</span>7<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwjA\">]</span></span></a></sup></p>\n\n<p id=\"mwjQ\">Im März 1892 zog Marie Skłodowska in ein kleines möbliertes Zimmer in der <i id=\"mwjg\">Rue Flatters</i> im <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quartier_Latin\" title=\"Quartier Latin\" id=\"mwjw\">Quartier Latin</a> um, da sie mehr Ruhe für ihr Studium benötigte und näher bei den Einrichtungen der Universität wohnen wollte. In ihrem ersten Studienjahr gehörten unter anderem der Mathematiker <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Appell\" title=\"Paul Appell\" id=\"mwkA\">Paul Appell</a> und die Physiker <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabriel_Lippmann\" title=\"Gabriel Lippmann\" id=\"mwkQ\">Gabriel Lippmann</a> und <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmond_Bouty\" title=\"Edmond Bouty\" id=\"mwkg\">Edmond Bouty</a> zu ihren Lehrern. Die Prüfungen für das <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Licence\" title=\"Licence\" id=\"mwkw\">Lizenziat</a> der Physik <i id=\"mwlA\">(licence des sciences physiques)</i> schloss sie im Juli 1893 als Beste ab. Im Sommer wurde ihr das <i id=\"mwlQ\">Alexandrowitsch-Stipendium</i> in Höhe von 600<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwlg\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubel#20._Jahrhundert\" title=\"Rubel\" id=\"mwlw\">Rubeln</a> zugesprochen, das ihr die Fortsetzung des Studiums in Paris ermöglichte. Den Abschluss für das Lizenziat in <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematik\" title=\"Mathematik\" id=\"mwmA\">Mathematik</a> <i id=\"mwmQ\">(licence des sciences mathématiques)</i> machte sie im Juli 1894 als Zweitbeste.<sup about=\"#mwt10\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-8\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-8\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-8\" id=\"mwmg\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwmw\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwnA\">[</span>8<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwnQ\">]</span></span></a></sup></p>\n\n<p id=\"mwng\">Die Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Nationalindustrie (<i id=\"mwnw\">Société d’Encouragement pour l’Industrie Nationale</i>) beauftragte Marie Skłodowska Anfang 1894, eine Studie über die <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetismus\" title=\"Magnetismus\" id=\"mwoA\">magnetischen</a> Eigenschaften verschiedener <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stahlsorte\" title=\"Stahlsorte\" id=\"mwoQ\">Stahlsorten</a> durchzuführen. Sie arbeitete unter sehr beengten Verhältnissen im Labor ihres Lehrers Gabriel Lippmann und war auf der Suche nach einem geeigneteren Platz für ihre Experimente, worüber sie dem Physiker Józef Kowalski, Professor an der <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universität_Freiburg_(Schweiz)\" title=\"Universität Freiburg (Schweiz)\" id=\"mwog\">Universität Freiburg</a>, berichtete. Kowalski machte sie im Frühjahr mit <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_Curie\" title=\"Pierre Curie\" id=\"mwow\">Pierre Curie</a> bekannt, der an der <i id=\"mwpA\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/École_supérieure_de_physique_et_de_chimie_industrielles_de_la_ville_de_Paris\" title=\"École supérieure de physique et de chimie industrielles de la ville de Paris\" id=\"mwpQ\">École municipale de physique et de chimie industrielles</a></i> (EPCI, heute: ESPCI) unterrichtete und das dortige Laboratorium leitete. Im Sommer 1894 suchte Marie in Polen nach einer interessanten Forschungstätigkeit. Da sie kein geeignetes Angebot erhielt, beschloss sie, für ein weiteres Jahr nach Paris zurückzukehren.<sup about=\"#mwt11\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-9\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-9\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-9\" id=\"mwpg\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwpw\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwqA\">[</span>9<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwqQ\">]</span></span></a></sup> Dort entwickelte sich aus der beruflichen Zusammenarbeit mit Pierre Curie eine gegenseitige Zuneigung. Am 26.<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwqg\"> </span>Juli 1895 heiratete Marie Skłodowska im Rathaus von <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sceaux\" title=\"Sceaux\" id=\"mwqw\">Sceaux</a> Pierre Curie. Das Paar zog in eine Dreizimmerwohnung in der <i id=\"mwrA\">Rue de la Glacière</i>.</p>\n\n<p id=\"mwrQ\">In ihrem ersten Ehejahr bereitete sich Marie Curie auf die <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agrégation\" title=\"Agrégation\" id=\"mwrg\">Agrégation</a> vor, die sie berechtigte, an einer <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Höhere_Mädchenschule\" title=\"Höhere Mädchenschule\" id=\"mwrw\">höheren Mädchenschule</a> zu unterrichten und ihr ein eigenes Einkommen verschaffen würde. Die Prüfungen im Sommer 1896 bestand sie erneut als Beste ihres Kurses. Nebenher setzte Marie Curie ihre physikalischen Studien fort. Sie besuchte unter anderem Vorlesungen von <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marcel_Brillouin\" title=\"Marcel Brillouin\" id=\"mwsA\">Marcel Brillouin</a> und dokumentierte ihre Untersuchungen über die Magnetisierung von gehärtetem Stahl, was ihre erste wissenschaftliche Veröffentlichung war. Am 12.<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwsQ\"> </span>September 1897 brachte sie ihre erste Tochter <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irène_Joliot-Curie\" title=\"Irène Joliot-Curie\" id=\"mwsg\">Irène</a> zur Welt.</p>\n\n</section><section data-mw-section-id=\"4\" id=\"mwsw\" aria-labelledby=\"Wissenschaftliche_Erfolge\"><div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading3\"><h3 id=\"Wissenschaftliche_Erfolge\">Wissenschaftliche Erfolge</h3><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">[</span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Marie_Curie&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=4\" title=\"Abschnitt bearbeiten: Wissenschaftliche Erfolge\" class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\"><span>Bearbeiten</span></a><span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | </span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Marie_Curie&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4\" title=\"Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Wissenschaftliche Erfolge\"><span>Quelltext bearbeiten</span></a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">]</span></span></div>\n<section data-mw-section-id=\"5\" id=\"mwtA\" aria-labelledby=\"Radioaktivität_und_neue_chemische_Elemente\"><div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading4\"><h4 id=\"Radioaktivität_und_neue_chemische_Elemente\"><span id=\"Radioaktivit.C3.A4t_und_neue_chemische_Elemente\" typeof=\"mw:FallbackId\"></span>Radioaktivität und neue chemische Elemente</h4><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">[</span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Marie_Curie&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=5\" title=\"Abschnitt bearbeiten: Radioaktivität und neue chemische Elemente\" class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\"><span>Bearbeiten</span></a><span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | </span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Marie_Curie&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5\" title=\"Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Radioaktivität und neue chemische Elemente\"><span>Quelltext bearbeiten</span></a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">]</span></span></div>\n<figure class=\"mw-default-size\" typeof=\"mw:File/Thumb\" id=\"mwtQ\"><a href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Datei:Marie_Curie_Messapparatur_1904.png\" class=\"mw-file-description\" id=\"mwtg\"><img resource=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Datei:Marie_Curie_Messapparatur_1904.png\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Marie_Curie_Messapparatur_1904.png/250px-Marie_Curie_Messapparatur_1904.png?utm_source=de.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Marie_Curie_Messapparatur_1904.png/500px-Marie_Curie_Messapparatur_1904.png?utm_source=de.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" data-file-width=\"517\" data-file-height=\"438\" data-file-type=\"bitmap\" height=\"212\" width=\"250\" class=\"mw-file-element\" id=\"mwtw\"/></a><figcaption id=\"mwuA\">Anordnung zur Messung der Radioaktivität:<br id=\"mwuQ\"/>A, B Plattenkondensator<br id=\"mwug\"/>C Schalter<br id=\"mwuw\"/>E Elektrometer<br id=\"mwvA\"/>H Schale für Gewichte<br id=\"mwvQ\"/>P Batterie<br id=\"mwvg\"/>Q Piezoelektrischer Quarz</figcaption></figure>\n<figure class=\"mw-default-size\" typeof=\"mw:File/Thumb\" id=\"mwvw\"><a href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Datei:Pierre_and_Marie_Curie.jpg\" class=\"mw-file-description\" id=\"mwwA\"><img resource=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Datei:Pierre_and_Marie_Curie.jpg\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Pierre_and_Marie_Curie.jpg/250px-Pierre_and_Marie_Curie.jpg?utm_source=de.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Pierre_and_Marie_Curie.jpg/500px-Pierre_and_Marie_Curie.jpg?utm_source=de.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" data-file-width=\"2163\" data-file-height=\"1740\" data-file-type=\"bitmap\" height=\"201\" width=\"250\" class=\"mw-file-element\" id=\"mwwQ\"/></a><figcaption id=\"mwwg\">Pierre und Marie Curie in ihrem Laboratorium in der <i id=\"mwww\">Rue Cuvier</i></figcaption></figure>\n<figure class=\"mw-default-size\" typeof=\"mw:File/Thumb\" id=\"mwxA\"><a href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Datei:Pichblende.jpg\" class=\"mw-file-description\" id=\"mwxQ\"><img resource=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Datei:Pichblende.jpg\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Pichblende.jpg/250px-Pichblende.jpg?utm_source=de.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0b/Pichblende.jpg?utm_source=de.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled 2x\" data-file-width=\"320\" data-file-height=\"279\" data-file-type=\"bitmap\" height=\"218\" width=\"250\" class=\"mw-file-element\" id=\"mwxg\"/></a><figcaption id=\"mwxw\">Eine Pechblendenprobe aus <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jáchymov\" title=\"Jáchymov\" id=\"mwyA\">Sankt Joachimsthal</a></figcaption></figure>\n\n<p id=\"mwyQ\">Als Marie Curie ein Thema für ihre Doktorarbeit suchte, beschloss sie, sich den „Becquerel-Strahlen“ zuzuwenden. Diese bezeichneten die im Frühjahr 1896 von <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antoine_Henri_Becquerel\" title=\"Antoine Henri Becquerel\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwyg\">Antoine Henri Becquerel</a> zufällig entdeckte Fähigkeit einer Uranverbindung, von sich aus eine <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fotoplatte\" title=\"Fotoplatte\" id=\"mwyw\">fotografische Platte</a> zu schwärzen. Diese Strahlen blieben damals nahezu unbeachtet,<sup about=\"#mwt12\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-10\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-10\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-10\" id=\"mwzA\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwzQ\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwzg\">[</span>10<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwzw\">]</span></span></a></sup> während die Ende 1895 beim Betrieb einer Kathodenstrahlröhre durch <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelm_Conrad_Röntgen\" title=\"Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen\" id=\"mw0A\">Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen</a> entdeckten <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Röntgenstrahlen\" title=\"Röntgenstrahlen\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mw0Q\">Röntgenstrahlen</a> weltweit Aufsehen erregten und zahlreiche Forschungsaktivitäten auslösten.</p>\n\n<p id=\"mw0g\">Zunächst beabsichtigte sie, die <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ionisation\" title=\"Ionisation\" id=\"mw0w\">Ionisationsfähigkeit</a> der von Uransalzen ausgehenden Strahlung zu <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantifizierung\" title=\"Quantifizierung\" id=\"mw1A\">quantifizieren</a>, und knüpfte mit ihren Versuchen an die Ende 1897 im Labor von <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Thomson,_1._Baron_Kelvin\" title=\"William Thomson, 1. Baron Kelvin\" id=\"mw1Q\">Lord Kelvin</a><sup about=\"#mwt13\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-11\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-11\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-11\" id=\"mw1g\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mw1w\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mw2A\">[</span>11<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mw2Q\">]</span></span></a></sup><sup about=\"#mwt14\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-12\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-12\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-12\" id=\"mw2g\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mw2w\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mw3A\">[</span>12<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mw3Q\">]</span></span></a></sup> durchgeführten Messungen an. In den ersten Wochen ihrer am 16.<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mw3g\"> </span>Dezember 1897<sup about=\"#mwt15\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-13\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-13\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-13\" id=\"mw3w\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mw4A\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mw4Q\">[</span>13<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mw4g\">]</span></span></a></sup> begonnenen Experimente entwickelte sie gemeinsam mit ihrem Mann Pierre ein Verfahren, das auf einem von Pierre entwickelten <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piezoelektrizität\" title=\"Piezoelektrizität\" id=\"mw4w\">piezoelektrischen</a> <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektroskop\" title=\"Elektroskop\" id=\"mw5A\">Elektrometer</a> beruhte und mit dem sie die von den Strahlen verursachte Änderung der <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektrische_Leitfähigkeit\" title=\"Elektrische Leitfähigkeit\" id=\"mw5Q\">elektrischen Leitfähigkeit</a> der Luft sehr genau messen konnte.</p>\n\n<p id=\"mw5g\">Auf diese Weise untersuchte Marie Curie zahlreiche <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uran\" title=\"Uran\" id=\"mw5w\">uranhaltige</a> Metalle, Salze, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxide\" title=\"Oxide\" id=\"mw6A\">Oxide</a> und Mineralien, die ihr <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henri_Moissan\" title=\"Henri Moissan\" id=\"mw6Q\">Henri Moissan</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexandre_Léon_Étard\" title=\"Alexandre Léon Étard\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mw6g\">Alexandre Léon Étard</a> (1852–1910), <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antoine_Lacroix\" title=\"Antoine Lacroix\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mw6w\">Antoine Lacroix</a> und <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eugène-Anatole_Demarçay\" title=\"Eugène-Anatole Demarçay\" id=\"mw7A\">Eugène-Anatole Demarçay</a> zur Verfügung gestellt hatten. Sie stellte dabei fest, dass <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uraninit\" title=\"Uraninit\" id=\"mw7Q\">Pechblende</a> viermal und natürliches <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torbernit\" title=\"Torbernit\" id=\"mw7g\">Chalcolit</a> doppelt so aktiv wie Uran ist. Die gemessene <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aktivität_(Physik)\" title=\"Aktivität (Physik)\" id=\"mw7w\">Aktivität</a> der uranhaltigen Stoffe erwies sich als unabhängig von ihrem <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aggregatzustand\" title=\"Aggregatzustand\" id=\"mw8A\">Aggregatzustand</a> und war proportional zu ihrem Urananteil. Eine Kontrollmessung an künstlich hergestelltem Chalcolit, das sie mit Hilfe des <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Debray-Verfahren?action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" title=\"Debray-Verfahren (Seite nicht vorhanden)\" class=\"new\" typeof=\"mw:LocalizedAttrs\" id=\"mw8Q\" data-mw-i18n='{\"title\":{\"lang\":\"x-page\",\"key\":\"red-link-title\",\"params\":[\"Debray-Verfahren\"]}}'>Debray-Verfahrens</a> aus <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uranylnitrat\" title=\"Uranylnitrat\" id=\"mw8g\">Urannitrat</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kupferphosphat\" title=\"Kupferphosphat\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mw8w\">Kupferphosphat</a> und <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphorsäure\" title=\"Phosphorsäure\" id=\"mw9A\">Phosphorsäure</a> gewonnen hatte, bestätigte diese Erkenntnis. Marie Curie folgerte daraus, dass die „Becquerel-Strahlung“ eine Eigenschaft bestimmter <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atom\" title=\"Atom\" id=\"mw9Q\">Atome</a> und keine chemische Eigenschaft der untersuchten Verbindung ist.</p>\n\n<p id=\"mw9g\">Ihre Forschungsergebnisse wurden am 12. April 1898 von Gabriel Lippmann vor der <i id=\"mw9w\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Académie_des_sciences\" title=\"Académie des sciences\" id=\"mw-A\">Académie des sciences</a></i> in Paris vorgetragen, da Marie Curie kein Mitglied der Akademie war. Ihre während dieser ersten Untersuchungen gemachte Beobachtung, dass <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thorium\" title=\"Thorium\" id=\"mw-Q\">Thorium</a> ähnlich wie Uran strahlt, war bereits Anfang Februar 1898 unabhängig von ihr durch <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerhard_Carl_Nathaniel_Schmidt?action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" title=\"Gerhard Carl Nathaniel Schmidt (Seite nicht vorhanden)\" class=\"new\" typeof=\"mw:LocalizedAttrs\" id=\"mw-g\" data-mw-i18n='{\"title\":{\"lang\":\"x-page\",\"key\":\"red-link-title\",\"params\":[\"Gerhard Carl Nathaniel Schmidt\"]}}'>Gerhard Schmidt</a> (1865–1949) entdeckt und bei einem Treffen der <i id=\"mw-w\">Physikalischen Gesellschaft zu Berlin</i> publiziert worden.<sup about=\"#mwt16\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-14\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-14\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-14\" id=\"mw_A\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mw_Q\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mw_g\">[</span>14<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mw_w\">]</span></span></a></sup><sup about=\"#mwt17\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-15\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-15\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-15\" id=\"mwAQA\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwAQE\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAQI\">[</span>15<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAQM\">]</span></span></a></sup></p>\n\n<p id=\"mwAQQ\">Marie Curie und ihr Mann gingen davon aus, dass die hohe Aktivität der Pechblende von einem unbekannten <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemisches_Element\" title=\"Chemisches Element\" id=\"mwAQU\">chemischen Element</a> verursacht werde. In den folgenden Wochen versuchten sie, dieses Element mit chemischen Verfahren zu isolieren. Bald hatten sie Zwischenprodukte erzeugt, die viel aktiver als Pechblende waren, und folgerten daraus, dass es sich nicht um <i id=\"mwAQY\">ein</i> neues Element handele, sondern um <i id=\"mwAQc\">zwei</i> verschiedene, von denen eines chemisch <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bismut\" title=\"Bismut\" id=\"mwAQg\">Bismut</a> und das andere <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barium\" title=\"Barium\" id=\"mwAQk\">Barium</a> ähneln müsse. Der <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spektroskopie\" title=\"Spektroskopie\" id=\"mwAQo\">spektroskopische</a> Nachweis des ersten neuen Elementes, das sie am 13.<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwAQs\"> </span>Juni 1898<sup about=\"#mwt18\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-16\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-16\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-16\" id=\"mwAQw\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwAQ0\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAQ4\">[</span>16<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAQ8\">]</span></span></a></sup> zu Ehren von Marie Curies polnischer Heimat <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polonium\" title=\"Polonium\" id=\"mwARA\">Polonium</a> getauft hatten, misslang jedoch. Dennoch ließen sie fünf Tage später Henri Becquerel ihre Ergebnisse vor der <i id=\"mwARE\">Académie des sciences</i> präsentieren. In der Überschrift des Berichtes wurde erstmals das Wort „<a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radioaktivität\" title=\"Radioaktivität\" id=\"mwARI\">radioaktiv</a>“ verwendet. Im Juli wurde Marie Curie für ihre Arbeiten über die <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetismus\" title=\"Magnetismus\" id=\"mwARM\">magnetischen</a> Eigenschaften von <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stahl\" title=\"Stahl\" id=\"mwARQ\">Stahl</a> und die Radioaktivität der mit 3800 <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Französischer_Franc\" title=\"Französischer Franc\" id=\"mwARU\">Francs</a> dotierte <i id=\"mwARY\">Prix Gegner</i> der <i id=\"mwARc\">Académie des sciences</i> zuerkannt.<sup about=\"#mwt19\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-17\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-17\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-17\" id=\"mwARg\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwARk\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwARo\">[</span>17<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwARs\">]</span></span></a></sup><sup about=\"#mwt20\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-18\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-18\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-18\" id=\"mwARw\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwAR0\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAR4\">[</span>18<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAR8\">]</span></span></a></sup></p>\n\n<p id=\"mwASA\">Im Herbst 1898 litt Marie Curie an Entzündungen der Fingerspitzen, welche die ersten bekannten Symptome der <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strahlenkrankheit\" title=\"Strahlenkrankheit\" id=\"mwASE\">Strahlenkrankheit</a> waren, an der sie später litt.<sup about=\"#mwt21\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-19\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-19\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-19\" id=\"mwASI\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwASM\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwASQ\">[</span>19<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwASU\">]</span></span></a></sup> Nach einem ausgedehnten Sommerurlaub in der <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auvergne\" title=\"Auvergne\" id=\"mwASY\">Auvergne</a> nahm das Paar am 11.<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwASc\"> </span>November die Suche nach dem zweiten unbekannten Element wieder auf. Mit der Hilfe von <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustave_Bémont\" title=\"Gustave Bémont\" id=\"mwASg\">Gustave Bémont</a> gelang es ihnen schnell, eine Probe herzustellen, die 900-mal so stark wie <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uran\" title=\"Uran\" id=\"mwASk\">Uran</a> strahlte. Am 20.<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwASo\"> </span>Dezember<sup about=\"#mwt22\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-20\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-20\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-20\" id=\"mwASs\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwASw\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAS0\">[</span>20<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAS4\">]</span></span></a></sup> erhielt das neue Element im Laborbuch der Curies den Namen <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radium\" title=\"Radium\" id=\"mwAS8\">Radium</a>. Diesmal ergab die von Eugène-Anatole Demarçay an der Probe vorgenommene spektroskopische Untersuchung eine <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spektrallinie\" title=\"Spektrallinie\" id=\"mwATA\">Spektrallinie</a>, die sich keinem bisher bekannten Element zuordnen ließ. Am 26.<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwATE\"> </span>Dezember 1898 war es erneut Becquerel, der vor der Akademie von den Forschungsergebnissen der Curies berichtete.</p>\n\n</section><section data-mw-section-id=\"6\" id=\"mwATI\" aria-labelledby=\"Nobelpreis_für_Physik\"><div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading4\"><h4 id=\"Nobelpreis_für_Physik\"><span id=\"Nobelpreis_f.C3.BCr_Physik\" typeof=\"mw:FallbackId\"></span>Nobelpreis für Physik</h4><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">[</span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Marie_Curie&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=6\" title=\"Abschnitt bearbeiten: Nobelpreis für Physik\" class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\"><span>Bearbeiten</span></a><span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | </span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Marie_Curie&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6\" title=\"Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Nobelpreis für Physik\"><span>Quelltext bearbeiten</span></a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">]</span></span></div>\n<figure class=\"mw-default-size\" typeof=\"mw:File/Thumb\" id=\"mwATM\"><a href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Datei:Marie_and_Pierre_Curie's_Nobel_Prize_in_Physics_1903.jpg\" class=\"mw-file-description\" id=\"mwATQ\"><img resource=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Datei:Marie_and_Pierre_Curie's_Nobel_Prize_in_Physics_1903.jpg\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Marie_and_Pierre_Curie%27s_Nobel_Prize_in_Physics_1903.jpg/500px-Marie_and_Pierre_Curie%27s_Nobel_Prize_in_Physics_1903.jpg?utm_source=de.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Marie_and_Pierre_Curie%27s_Nobel_Prize_in_Physics_1903.jpg/960px-Marie_and_Pierre_Curie%27s_Nobel_Prize_in_Physics_1903.jpg?utm_source=de.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" data-file-width=\"1013\" data-file-height=\"652\" data-file-type=\"bitmap\" height=\"245\" width=\"380\" class=\"mw-file-element mw-file-upright\" style=\"--mw-file-upright: 1.5\" id=\"mwATU\"/></a><figcaption id=\"mwATY\">Urkunde des <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobelpreis_für_Physik\" title=\"Nobelpreis für Physik\" id=\"mwATc\">Physiknobelpreises</a> von 1903</figcaption></figure>\n<figure class=\"mw-default-size\" typeof=\"mw:File/Thumb\" id=\"mwATg\"><a href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Datei:Curie_-_Œuvres_de_Pierre_Curie,_1908_-_Pl._II_-_Vue_2.png\" class=\"mw-file-description\" id=\"mwATk\"><img resource=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Datei:Curie_-_Œuvres_de_Pierre_Curie,_1908_-_Pl._II_-_Vue_2.png\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Curie_-_%C5%92uvres_de_Pierre_Curie%2C_1908_-_Pl._II_-_Vue_2.png/250px-Curie_-_%C5%92uvres_de_Pierre_Curie%2C_1908_-_Pl._II_-_Vue_2.png?utm_source=de.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Curie_-_%C5%92uvres_de_Pierre_Curie%2C_1908_-_Pl._II_-_Vue_2.png/500px-Curie_-_%C5%92uvres_de_Pierre_Curie%2C_1908_-_Pl._II_-_Vue_2.png?utm_source=de.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" data-file-width=\"1664\" data-file-height=\"1290\" data-file-type=\"bitmap\" height=\"194\" width=\"250\" class=\"mw-file-element\" id=\"mwATo\"/></a><figcaption id=\"mwATs\">In diesem Schuppen isolierte Marie Curie das <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radium\" title=\"Radium\" id=\"mwATw\">Radium</a>.</figcaption></figure>\n<figure class=\"mw-default-size\" typeof=\"mw:File/Thumb\" id=\"mwAT0\"><a href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Datei:Marie_Curie-Theses_1903.jpg\" class=\"mw-file-description\" id=\"mwAT4\"><img resource=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Datei:Marie_Curie-Theses_1903.jpg\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Marie_Curie-Theses_1903.jpg/250px-Marie_Curie-Theses_1903.jpg?utm_source=de.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Marie_Curie-Theses_1903.jpg/500px-Marie_Curie-Theses_1903.jpg?utm_source=de.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" data-file-width=\"600\" data-file-height=\"907\" data-file-type=\"bitmap\" height=\"287\" width=\"190\" class=\"mw-file-element mw-file-upright\" style=\"--mw-file-upright: 0.75\" id=\"mwAT8\"/></a><figcaption id=\"mwAUA\">Titelblatt von Marie Curies Doktorarbeit</figcaption></figure>\n\n<p id=\"mwAUE\">Anfang 1899 verlagerte das Forscherpaar seine Arbeitsschwerpunkte. Gemeinsam mit <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georges_Sagnac\" title=\"Georges Sagnac\" id=\"mwAUI\">Georges Sagnac</a> und <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/André-Louis_Debierne\" title=\"André-Louis Debierne\" id=\"mwAUM\">André-Louis Debierne</a> beschäftigte sich Pierre Curie mit den physikalischen Wirkungen der Radioaktivität. Marie Curie konzentrierte sich vollständig auf die chemische Isolierung des Radiums. Dafür benötigte sie große Mengen Pechblende. Durch die Vermittlung von <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eduard_Suess\" title=\"Eduard Suess\" id=\"mwAUQ\">Eduard Suess</a>, dem amtierenden Präsidenten der <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Österreichische_Akademie_der_Wissenschaften\" title=\"Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften\" id=\"mwAUU\">Akademie der Wissenschaften</a> in <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wien\" title=\"Wien\" id=\"mwAUY\">Wien</a>, erhielt sie eine Tonne Pechblendenabfälle aus <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jáchymov\" title=\"Jáchymov\" id=\"mwAUc\">Sankt Joachimsthal</a>, für die sie nur die Transportkosten übernehmen musste. Von der <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/École_supérieure_de_physique_et_de_chimie_industrielles_de_la_ville_de_Paris\" title=\"École supérieure de physique et de chimie industrielles de la ville de Paris\" id=\"mwAUg\">EPCI</a> bekam sie die Erlaubnis, einen zugigen Schuppen, der vorher als Sezierraum diente, für ihre langwierige und physisch anstrengende Arbeit zu benutzen.</p>\n\n<p id=\"mwAUk\">Im März 1900 zogen Marie und Pierre Curie in eine Wohnung am <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boulevard_Kellermann\" title=\"Boulevard Kellermann\" id=\"mwAUo\">Boulevard Kellermann</a>. Im selben Jahr wurde Marie als erste Frau an die <i id=\"mwAUs\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/École_normale_supérieure_de_jeunes_filles\" title=\"École normale supérieure de jeunes filles\" id=\"mwAUw\">École normale supérieure de jeunes filles</a></i> (ENSJF) in <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sèvres\" title=\"Sèvres\" id=\"mwAU0\">Sèvres</a> berufen, die als Frankreichs renommierteste Ausbildungsstätte für zukünftige Lehrerinnen galt,<sup about=\"#mwt23\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-21\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-21\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-21\" id=\"mwAU4\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwAU8\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAVA\">[</span>21<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAVE\">]</span></span></a></sup> um dort Physik zu lehren. Auf einem Physikerkongress anlässlich der <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weltausstellung_Paris_1900\" title=\"Weltausstellung Paris 1900\" id=\"mwAVI\">Pariser Weltausstellung</a> stellten die Curies ihre Forschungsergebnisse über Radioaktivität zahlreichen ausländischen Physikern vor und verfassten aus diesem Anlass ihre bis dahin umfangreichste Abhandlung mit dem Titel <i id=\"mwAVM\">Die neuen radioaktiven Substanzen und die von ihnen emittierten Strahlen</i>.</p><!--anf.zeichen nur f. zitate-->\n\n<p id=\"mwAVQ\">Die <i id=\"mwAVU\">Académie des sciences</i> unterstützte Marie Curies Arbeit finanziell. Noch zweimal, 1900<sup about=\"#mwt24\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-22\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-22\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-22\" id=\"mwAVY\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwAVc\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAVg\">[</span>22<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAVk\">]</span></span></a></sup> und 1902<sup about=\"#mwt25\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-23\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-23\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-23\" id=\"mwAVo\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwAVs\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAVw\">[</span>23<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAV0\">]</span></span></a></sup>, wurde ihr der <i id=\"mwAV4\">Prix Gegner</i> verliehen. 1903 erhielt sie den mit 10.000<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwAV8\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Französischer_Franc\" title=\"Französischer Franc\" id=\"mwAWA\">Francs</a><sup about=\"#mwt26\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-24\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-24\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-24\" id=\"mwAWE\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwAWI\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAWM\">[</span>24<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAWQ\">]</span></span></a></sup> dotierten <i id=\"mwAWU\">Prix La Caze</i>. Die Fortsetzung ihrer Radiumforschung sicherte die Akademie im März 1902 mit einem Kredit über 20.000<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwAWY\"> </span>Francs. Im Juli 1902 hatte Marie Curie ein Dezigramm <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiumchlorid\" title=\"Radiumchlorid\" id=\"mwAWc\">Radiumchlorid</a> gewonnen und konnte damit die <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atommasse\" title=\"Atommasse\" id=\"mwAWg\">Atommasse</a> des Radiums sehr genau bestimmen.</p>\n\n<p id=\"mwAWk\">Sie wandte sich anschließend ihrer <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dissertation\" title=\"Dissertation\" id=\"mwAWo\">Dissertation</a> mit dem Titel <i id=\"mwAWs\">Recherches sur les substances radioactives</i> (deutsch: <i id=\"mwAWw\">Untersuchungen über die radioaktiven Substanzen</i>) zu. Die von Dekan <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Appell\" title=\"Paul Appell\" id=\"mwAW0\">Paul Appell</a> am 11.<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwAW4\"> </span>Mai 1903 zugelassene Doktorarbeit verteidigte sie am 25.<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwAW8\"> </span>Juni vor Gabriel Lippmann, Henri Moissan und Edmond Bouty. Die Dissertation wurde innerhalb eines Jahres in fünf Sprachen übersetzt und 17-mal abgedruckt,<sup about=\"#mwt27\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-25\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-25\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-25\" id=\"mwAXA\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwAXE\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAXI\">[</span>25<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAXM\">]</span></span></a></sup> darunter in den von <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Crookes\" title=\"William Crookes\" id=\"mwAXQ\">William Crookes</a> herausgegebenen <i id=\"mwAXU\">Chemical News</i> und den <i id=\"mwAXY\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annales_de_Chimie\" title=\"Annales de Chimie\" id=\"mwAXc\">Annales de physique et chimie</a></i>.</p>\n\n<p id=\"mwAXg\">Anfang 1903 traten bei Marie und Pierre Curie erste gesundheitliche Probleme auf, die sie jedoch auf Überarbeitung zurückführten.<sup about=\"#mwt28\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-26\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-26\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-26\" id=\"mwAXk\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwAXo\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAXs\">[</span>26<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAXw\">]</span></span></a></sup> Marie Curie hatte im August 1903 eine Fehlgeburt, die sie gesundheitlich weiter schwächte. Als die <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Society\" title=\"Royal Society\" id=\"mwAX0\">Royal Society</a> dem Ehepaar am 5.<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwAX4\"> </span>November 1903 die <i id=\"mwAX8\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Davy-Medaille\" title=\"Davy-Medaille\" id=\"mwAYA\">Davy-Medaille</a></i> zusprach, die jährlich für die wichtigste Entdeckung auf dem Gebiet der Chemie vergeben wird, musste Pierre Curie allein nach <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/London\" title=\"London\" id=\"mwAYE\">London</a> reisen, um den Preis entgegenzunehmen.</p>\n\n<p id=\"mwAYI\">Mitte November erhielten die Curies einen Brief von der <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Königlich_Schwedische_Akademie_der_Wissenschaften\" title=\"Königlich Schwedische Akademie der Wissenschaften\" id=\"mwAYM\">Schwedischen Akademie der Wissenschaften</a>, in dem ihnen mitgeteilt wurde, dass sie <span about=\"#mwt29\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwAYQ\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"\\\"\",\"href\":\"./Vorlage:\\\"\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"in Anerkennung der außerordentlichen Leistungen, die sie sich durch ihre gemeinsame Forschung über die von Professor Henri Becquerel entdeckten Strahlungsphänomene erworben haben\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'>„in Anerkennung der außerordentlichen Leistungen, die sie sich durch ihre gemeinsame Forschung über die von Professor Henri Becquerel entdeckten Strahlungsphänomene erworben haben“</span><!-- in recognition of the extraordinary services they have rendered by their joint researches on the radiation phenomena discovered by Professor Henri Becquerel --><sup about=\"#mwt31\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-27\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-27\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-27\" id=\"mwAYU\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwAYY\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAYc\">[</span>27<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAYg\">]</span></span></a></sup> gemeinsam mit Henri Becquerel den <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobelpreis_für_Physik\" title=\"Nobelpreis für Physik\" id=\"mwAYk\">Nobelpreis für Physik</a> erhalten sollten. Die Einladung zum offiziellen Festakt im Dezember 1903 nahmen sie unter Hinweis auf ihre Unterrichtsverpflichtungen und Maries schlechte Gesundheit nicht wahr. Die Reise nach <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stockholm\" title=\"Stockholm\" id=\"mwAYo\">Stockholm</a>, während der Pierre Curie einen Nobel-Vortrag über radioaktive Substanzen und speziell Radium hielt, traten sie erst im Juni 1905 an.</p>\n\n</section><section data-mw-section-id=\"7\" id=\"mwAYs\" aria-labelledby=\"Professorin_an_der_Sorbonne\"><div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading4\"><h4 id=\"Professorin_an_der_Sorbonne\">Professorin an der Sorbonne</h4><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">[</span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Marie_Curie&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=7\" title=\"Abschnitt bearbeiten: Professorin an der Sorbonne\" class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\"><span>Bearbeiten</span></a><span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | </span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Marie_Curie&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7\" title=\"Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Professorin an der Sorbonne\"><span>Quelltext bearbeiten</span></a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">]</span></span></div>\n<p id=\"mwAYw\">Nach der Zuerkennung des Nobelpreises gerieten Marie und Pierre Curie in die Schlagzeilen der französischen Presse. So schrieb beispielsweise <i id=\"mwAY0\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Les_Dimanches?action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" title=\"Les Dimanches (Seite nicht vorhanden)\" class=\"new\" typeof=\"mw:LocalizedAttrs\" id=\"mwAY4\" data-mw-i18n='{\"title\":{\"lang\":\"x-page\",\"key\":\"red-link-title\",\"params\":[\"Les Dimanches\"]}}'>Les Dimanches</a></i>: <span about=\"#mwt32\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwAY8\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"\\\"\",\"href\":\"./Vorlage:\\\"\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"Der Fall von Monsieur und Madame Curie, die auf dem Gebiet der Wissenschaft zusammenarbeiten, ist gewiss nicht das Übliche. Eine Idylle im Physiklabor, das hat die Welt noch nicht gesehen.\"},\"Quelle\":{\"wt\":\"&lt;ref>Susan Quinn: &apos;&apos;Marie Curie. Eine Biographie.&apos;&apos; S.&amp;nbsp;226.&lt;/ref>\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'>„Der Fall von Monsieur und Madame Curie, die auf dem Gebiet der Wissenschaft zusammenarbeiten, ist gewiss nicht das Übliche. Eine Idylle im Physiklabor, das hat die Welt noch nicht gesehen.“</span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" about=\"#mwt32\"> </span><span about=\"#mwt32\">(</span><sup about=\"#mwt32\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-28\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-28\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-28\" id=\"mwAZA\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwAZE\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAZI\">[</span>28<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAZM\">]</span></span></a></sup><span about=\"#mwt32\">)</span> Marie Curies Rolle bei der Erforschung des Radiums wurde wechselweise unterschätzt oder übertrieben und ihre polnische Herkunft gern übersehen. Durch das Eindringen der Reporter in ihre Privatsphäre fühlten sich die Curies mehr und mehr bedrängt.<sup about=\"#mwt35\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-29\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-29\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-29\" id=\"mwAZQ\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwAZU\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAZY\">[</span>29<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAZc\">]</span></span></a></sup></p>\n\n<p id=\"mwAZg\">Am 1. Oktober 1904 trat Pierre Curie seine Professur an dem eigens für ihn geschaffenen Lehrstuhl für allgemeine Physik an der Sorbonne an, und Marie Curie wurde die Leitung der wissenschaftlichen Arbeiten <i id=\"mwAZk\">(chef des travaux)</i> des Laboratoriums übertragen.</p>\n\n<p id=\"mwAZo\">Anfang Dezember 1904 wurde ihre zweite Tochter <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ève_Curie\" title=\"Ève Curie\" id=\"mwAZs\">Ève</a> geboren.</p>\n\n<p id=\"mwAZw\">Am 19. April 1906 geriet Pierre Curie unter die Räder eines Lastfuhrwerkes und starb noch am Unfallort.<sup about=\"#mwt36\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-30\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-30\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-30\" id=\"mwAZ0\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwAZ4\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAZ8\">[</span>30<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAaA\">]</span></span></a></sup> Marie Curie traf der Verlust schwer, hatte sie doch sowohl ihren geliebten Lebenspartner als auch ihren wissenschaftlichen Mitstreiter verloren.<sup about=\"#mwt37\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-31\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-31\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-31\" id=\"mwAaE\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwAaI\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAaM\">[</span>31<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAaQ\">]</span></span></a></sup> In den folgenden Jahren, in denen sie an Depressionen litt,<sup about=\"#mwt38\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-32\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-32\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-32\" id=\"mwAaU\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwAaY\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAac\">[</span>32<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAag\">]</span></span></a></sup> waren Pierres Vater Eugène Curie und sein Bruder <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_Curie\" title=\"Jacques Curie\" id=\"mwAak\">Jacques Curie</a> ihr und ihren Kindern eine große Unterstützung. Im Frühjahr 1907 zog sie in die Rue Chemin de fer in <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sceaux\" title=\"Sceaux\" id=\"mwAao\">Sceaux</a>, um näher an Pierres Grab zu sein. Nach seinem Tod nahm sie (teilweise) wieder ihren Mädchennamen an.</p>\n\n<p id=\"mwAas\">Die naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät der Universität musste entscheiden, wer Pierre Curies Lehrstuhl übernehmen sollte. Da Marie Curie die geeignetste Kandidatin war, um seine Vorlesungen fortzusetzen, schlug eine Kommission am 3.<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwAaw\"> </span>Mai vor, ihr die Kursverantwortung <i id=\"mwAa0\">(chargé de cours)</i> und die Leitung des Laboratoriums zu übertragen, den Lehrstuhl jedoch unbesetzt zu lassen. Marie Curie gab ihre Lehrtätigkeit an der Mädchenschule in Sèvres auf und hielt unter großer öffentlicher Aufmerksamkeit am 5.<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwAa4\"> </span>November 1906 ihre erste Vorlesung. Sie war die erste Frau, die an der Sorbonne lehrte.<sup about=\"#mwt39\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-33\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-33\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-33\" id=\"mwAa8\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwAbA\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAbE\">[</span>33<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAbI\">]</span></span></a></sup> Die ordentliche Professur für Physik wurde ihr erst zwei Jahre später übertragen, am 16.<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwAbM\"> </span>November 1908.</p>\n\n</section><section data-mw-section-id=\"8\" id=\"mwAbQ\" aria-labelledby=\"Der_internationale_Radiumstandard\"><div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading4\"><h4 id=\"Der_internationale_Radiumstandard\">Der internationale Radiumstandard</h4><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">[</span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Marie_Curie&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=8\" title=\"Abschnitt bearbeiten: Der internationale Radiumstandard\" class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\"><span>Bearbeiten</span></a><span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | </span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Marie_Curie&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8\" title=\"Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Der internationale Radiumstandard\"><span>Quelltext bearbeiten</span></a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">]</span></span></div>\n<p id=\"mwAbU\">Über die Schaffung eines internationalen Radiumstandards verständigten sich Marie Curie und <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernest_Rutherford\" title=\"Ernest Rutherford\" id=\"mwAbY\">Ernest Rutherford</a> erstmals im Frühjahr 1910. Insbesondere der vermehrte Einsatz des Radiums in der Medizin erforderte genaue und vergleichbare Messwerte. Auf dem im Herbst in <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brüssel\" title=\"Brüssel\" id=\"mwAbc\">Brüssel</a> tagenden <i id=\"mwAbg\">Kongress für Radiologie und Elektrizität</i> wurde die zehnköpfige <i id=\"mwAbk\">Internationale Radium-Standard-Kommission</i> gebildet, der neben Ernest Rutherford, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otto_Hahn\" title=\"Otto Hahn\" id=\"mwAbo\">Otto Hahn</a> und <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Soddy\" title=\"Frederick Soddy\" id=\"mwAbs\">Frederick Soddy</a> auch Marie Curie angehörte.<sup about=\"#mwt40\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-34\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-34\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-34\" id=\"mwAbw\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwAb0\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAb4\">[</span>34<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAb8\">]</span></span></a></sup> Die Kommission legte fest, dass die Maßeinheit für die Aktivität „<a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curie_(Einheit)\" title=\"Curie (Einheit)\" id=\"mwAcA\">Curie</a>“ genannt werden sollte, und beauftragte Marie Curie mit der Herstellung einer 20<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwAcE\"> </span>Milligramm schweren Radiumprobe aus <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristallwasser\" title=\"Kristallwasser\" id=\"mwAcI\">kristallwasser</a><span typeof=\"mw:Nowiki\" id=\"mwAcM\">freiem</span> Radiumchlorid, die als <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Normal\" title=\"Normal\" id=\"mwAcQ\">Standard</a> dienen sollte.<sup about=\"#mwt41\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-35\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-35\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-35\" id=\"mwAcU\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwAcY\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAcc\">[</span>35<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAcg\">]</span></span></a></sup> Weitere Proben sollten am von <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stefan_Meyer_(Physiker)\" title=\"Stefan Meyer (Physiker)\" id=\"mwAck\">Stefan Meyer</a> geleiteten <i id=\"mwAco\">Wiener Radiuminstitut</i> hergestellt werden. Der Vergleich der Proben sollte mittels <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aktinometer\" title=\"Aktinometer\" id=\"mwAcs\">aktinometrischer</a> Messung der von den Präparaten ausgesandten <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gammastrahlung\" title=\"Gammastrahlung\" id=\"mwAcw\">Gammastrahlung</a> erfolgen.</p>\n\n<p id=\"mwAc0\">Im August 1911 hatte Marie Curies Labor eine 22<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwAc4\"> </span>Milligramm schwere Probe aus Radiumchlorid fertiggestellt, die bei einem Treffen der Radiumstandard-Kommission Ende März 1912 in Paris offiziell zum internationalen Standard erklärt wurde. Gemeinsam mit <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/André-Louis_Debierne\" title=\"André-Louis Debierne\" id=\"mwAc8\">André-Louis Debierne</a> hinterlegte sie das Glasröhrchen mit dem Radium-Standard am 21.<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwAdA\"> </span>Februar 1913 beim <i id=\"mwAdE\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internationales_Büro_für_Maß_und_Gewicht\" title=\"Internationales Büro für Maß und Gewicht\" id=\"mwAdI\">Bureau International des Poids et Mesures</a></i> in Sèvres.</p>\n\n</section></section><section data-mw-section-id=\"9\" id=\"mwAdM\" aria-labelledby=\"Öffentliche_Wahrnehmung_1910/1911\"><div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading3\"><h3 id=\"Öffentliche_Wahrnehmung_1910/1911\"><span id=\".C3.96ffentliche_Wahrnehmung_1910.2F1911\" typeof=\"mw:FallbackId\"></span>Öffentliche Wahrnehmung 1910/1911</h3><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">[</span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Marie_Curie&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=9\" title=\"Abschnitt bearbeiten: Öffentliche Wahrnehmung 1910/1911\" class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\"><span>Bearbeiten</span></a><span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | </span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Marie_Curie&amp;action=edit&amp;section=9\" title=\"Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Öffentliche Wahrnehmung 1910/1911\"><span>Quelltext bearbeiten</span></a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">]</span></span></div>\n<section data-mw-section-id=\"10\" id=\"mwAdQ\" aria-labelledby=\"Gescheiterte_Aufnahme_in_die_Académie_des_sciences\"><div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading4\"><h4 id=\"Gescheiterte_Aufnahme_in_die_Académie_des_sciences\"><span id=\"Gescheiterte_Aufnahme_in_die_Acad.C3.A9mie_des_sciences\" typeof=\"mw:FallbackId\"></span>Gescheiterte Aufnahme in die <i id=\"mwAdU\">Académie des sciences</i></h4><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">[</span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Marie_Curie&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=10\" title=\"Abschnitt bearbeiten: Gescheiterte Aufnahme in die Académie des sciences\" class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\"><span>Bearbeiten</span></a><span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | </span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Marie_Curie&amp;action=edit&amp;section=10\" title=\"Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Gescheiterte Aufnahme in die Académie des sciences\"><span>Quelltext bearbeiten</span></a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">]</span></span></div>\n<p id=\"mwAdY\">Bei einer Abstimmung über die Besetzung eines freien Platzes in der <i id=\"mwAdc\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Académie_des_sciences\" title=\"Académie des sciences\" id=\"mwAdg\">Académie des sciences</a></i> unterlag Curie im Januar 1911 knapp dem Physiker <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Édouard_Branly\" title=\"Édouard Branly\" id=\"mwAdk\">Édouard Branly</a>. Der Platz war am 31.<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwAdo\"> </span>Oktober 1910 durch den Tod des Chemikers und Physikers <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Désiré_Gernez?action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" title=\"Désiré Gernez (Seite nicht vorhanden)\" class=\"new\" typeof=\"mw:LocalizedAttrs\" id=\"mwAds\" data-mw-i18n='{\"title\":{\"lang\":\"x-page\",\"key\":\"red-link-title\",\"params\":[\"Désiré Gernez\"]}}'>Désiré Gernez</a> (1834–1910) frei geworden. Schon bald danach spekulierte die französische Presse über eine Kandidatur Curies.<sup about=\"#mwt42\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-36\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-36\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-36\" id=\"mwAdw\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwAd0\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAd4\">[</span>36<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAd8\">]</span></span></a></sup> Sie war bereits Mitglied der Schwedischen (1910), Tschechischen (1909) und Polnischen Akademie (1909), der Amerikanischen Philosophischen Gesellschaft (1910) und der Kaiserlichen Akademie in St.<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwAeA\"> </span>Petersburg (1908) sowie Ehrenmitglied zahlreicher weiterer wissenschaftlicher Vereinigungen. In einem umfangreichen Artikel in der Zeitung <i id=\"mwAeE\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Le_Temps_(Frankreich)\" title=\"Le Temps (Frankreich)\" id=\"mwAeI\">Le Temps</a></i>, der am 31.<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwAeM\"> </span>Dezember 1910 erschien, setzte sich <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Gaston_Darboux\" title=\"Jean Gaston Darboux\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwAeQ\">Jean Gaston Darboux</a>, der Sekretär der Akademie, öffentlich für eine Kandidatur von Marie Curie ein.<sup about=\"#mwt43\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-37\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-37\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-37\" id=\"mwAeU\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwAeY\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAec\">[</span>37<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAeg\">]</span></span></a></sup></p>\n\n<p id=\"mwAek\">Am 4. Januar 1911 kamen zur planmäßigen Plenarsitzung des <i id=\"mwAeo\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institut_de_France\" title=\"Institut de France\" id=\"mwAes\">Institut de France</a></i> im <i id=\"mwAew\">Palais Mazarin</i> doppelt so viele Mitglieder wie üblich, um unter der Leitung von <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_Chuquet\" title=\"Arthur Chuquet\" id=\"mwAe0\">Arthur Chuquet</a> über die Kandidatur Marie Curies zu diskutieren. Nach kontroverser Diskussion erhielt ein Antrag, an den Traditionen des Institutes festzuhalten und keine weiblichen Mitglieder zuzulassen, eine Mehrheit von 85 zu 60 Stimmen.<sup about=\"#mwt44\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-38\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-38\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-38\" id=\"mwAe4\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwAe8\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAfA\">[</span>38<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAfE\">]</span></span></a></sup> Fünf Tage nach dieser Entscheidung trat ein Komitee der <i id=\"mwAfI\">Académie des sciences</i> in einer geheimen Sitzung zusammen, um die Nominierungen für den vakanten Sitz vorzunehmen.<sup about=\"#mwt45\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-39\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-39\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-39\" id=\"mwAfM\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwAfQ\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAfU\">[</span>39<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAfY\">]</span></span></a></sup> Entgegen dem Beschluss des Institutes wurde Marie Curie an die erste Stelle der Nominierungsliste gesetzt, die am 17.<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwAfc\"> </span>Januar offiziell bekanntgegeben wurde. Ihr schärfster Konkurrent unter den sechs weiteren Nominierten war der Physiker <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Édouard_Branly\" title=\"Édouard Branly\" id=\"mwAfg\">Édouard Branly</a>, mit dem sie 1903 gemeinsam den <i id=\"mwAfk\">Prix Osiris</i> erhalten hatte. Am 24.<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwAfo\"> </span>Januar 1911 fand die endgültige Abstimmung statt. Für die Wahl in die Akademie war die absolute Stimmenmehrheit der anwesenden 58<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwAfs\"> </span>Mitglieder notwendig, also 30<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwAfw\"> </span>Stimmen. Bei der ersten Abstimmung erhielt Edouard Branly 29<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwAf0\"> </span>Stimmen, Marie Curie 28<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwAf4\"> </span>Stimmen und <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marcel_Brillouin\" title=\"Marcel Brillouin\" id=\"mwAf8\">Marcel Brillouin</a> eine Stimme. Im zweiten Wahlgang entfielen 30<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwAgA\"> </span>Stimmen auf Branly und 28<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwAgE\"> </span>Stimmen auf Marie Curie, die damit die Wahl verloren hatte.</p>\n\n<p id=\"mwAgI\">An der begleitenden Pressedebatte beteiligte sich das gesamte politische Spektrum der Pariser Tagesblätter. Die sozialistische Zeitung <i id=\"mwAgM\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/L’Humanité\" title=\"L’Humanité\" id=\"mwAgQ\">L’Humanité</a></i> verspottete das <i id=\"mwAgU\">Institut de France</i> als <span about=\"#mwt46\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwAgY\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"\\\"\",\"href\":\"./Vorlage:\\\"\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"frauenfeindliches Institut\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'>„frauenfeindliches Institut“</span>.<sup about=\"#mwt48\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-40\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-40\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-40\" id=\"mwAgc\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwAgg\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAgk\">[</span>40<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAgo\">]</span></span></a></sup> <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Le_Figaro\" title=\"Le Figaro\" id=\"mwAgs\">Le Figaro</a> schrieb dagegen, <span about=\"#mwt47\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwAgw\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"\\\"\",\"href\":\"./Vorlage:\\\"\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"man solle nicht versuchen … die Frau dem Manne gleich zu machen!\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'>„man solle nicht versuchen … die Frau dem Manne gleich zu machen!“</span><sup about=\"#mwt49\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-41\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-41\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-41\" id=\"mwAg0\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwAg4\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAg8\">[</span>41<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAhA\">]</span></span></a></sup> Die schärfsten Angriffe kamen von den rechtsgerichteten Tageszeitungen <i id=\"mwAhE\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Action_française\" title=\"Action française\" id=\"mwAhI\">Action française</a></i> von <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Léon_Daudet\" title=\"Léon Daudet\" id=\"mwAhM\">Léon Daudet</a> und <i id=\"mwAhQ\">L’Intransigeant</i>.</p>\n\n<p id=\"mwAhU\">Marie Curie bewarb sich nie wieder um einen Platz in der Akademie. Erst 51 Jahre nach ihrem vergeblichen Versuch wählte die <i id=\"mwAhY\">Académie des sciences</i> mit der Entdeckerin des <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francium\" title=\"Francium\" id=\"mwAhc\">Franciums</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marguerite_Perey\" title=\"Marguerite Perey\" id=\"mwAhg\">Marguerite Perey</a>, eine Frau in ihre Reihen.<sup about=\"#mwt50\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-sq486_42-0\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{\"name\":\"sq486\"},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-sq486-42\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-sq486-42\" id=\"mwAhk\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwAho\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAhs\">[</span>42<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAhw\">]</span></span></a></sup></p>\n\n</section><section data-mw-section-id=\"11\" id=\"mwAh0\" aria-labelledby=\"Die_„Langevin-Affäre“\"><div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading4\"><h4 id=\"Die_„Langevin-Affäre“\"><span id=\"Die_.E2.80.9ELangevin-Aff.C3.A4re.E2.80.9C\" typeof=\"mw:FallbackId\"></span>Die „Langevin-Affäre“</h4><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">[</span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Marie_Curie&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=11\" title=\"Abschnitt bearbeiten: Die „Langevin-Affäre“\" class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\"><span>Bearbeiten</span></a><span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | </span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Marie_Curie&amp;action=edit&amp;section=11\" title=\"Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Die „Langevin-Affäre“\"><span>Quelltext bearbeiten</span></a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">]</span></span></div>\n<figure class=\"mw-default-size\" typeof=\"mw:File/Thumb\" id=\"mwAh4\"><a href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Datei:1911_Solvay_conference.jpg\" class=\"mw-file-description\" id=\"mwAh8\"><img resource=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Datei:1911_Solvay_conference.jpg\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/1911_Solvay_conference.jpg/250px-1911_Solvay_conference.jpg?utm_source=de.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/1911_Solvay_conference.jpg/500px-1911_Solvay_conference.jpg?utm_source=de.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" data-file-width=\"1920\" data-file-height=\"1362\" data-file-type=\"bitmap\" height=\"177\" width=\"250\" class=\"mw-file-element\" id=\"mwAiA\"/></a><figcaption id=\"mwAiE\">Paul Langevin (ganz rechts neben <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Einstein\" title=\"Albert Einstein\" id=\"mwAiI\">Albert Einstein</a> stehend) und Marie Curie (in der Mitte am Tisch sitzend) während der ersten <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solvay-Konferenz#Erste_Solvay-Konferenz_für_Physik_(1911)\" title=\"Solvay-Konferenz\" id=\"mwAiM\">Solvay-Konferenz für Physik</a> im Jahr 1911</figcaption></figure>\n\n<p id=\"mwAiQ\">Ende 1911 beschäftigte sich die französische Presse mit Curies Beziehung zu dem fünf Jahre jüngeren <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Langevin\" title=\"Paul Langevin\" id=\"mwAiU\">Paul Langevin</a>, einem Schüler ihres 1906 verstorbenen Ehemanns Pierre. Die Familien waren miteinander befreundet und verbrachten gelegentlich den Sommerurlaub miteinander. Wohl spätestens seit Mitte Juli 1910<sup about=\"#mwt52\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-43\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-43\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-43\" id=\"mwAiY\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwAic\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAig\">[</span>43<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAik\">]</span></span></a></sup> hatten Marie Curie und Paul Langevin eine Liebesbeziehung. Sie trafen sich in einer gemeinsam angemieteten Wohnung, in der sie auch ihren Briefwechsel aufbewahrten. Langevins Frau wurde bald auf die Vertrautheit der beiden aufmerksam und drohte Marie Curie mit Mord.<sup about=\"#mwt53\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-44\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-44\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-44\" id=\"mwAio\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwAis\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAiw\">[</span>44<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAi0\">]</span></span></a></sup> Um Ostern 1911 wurden die Briefe, die sich Marie Curie und Paul Langevin geschrieben hatten, aus ihrer gemeinsamen Wohnung entwendet.<sup about=\"#mwt54\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-45\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-45\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-45\" id=\"mwAi4\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwAi8\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAjA\">[</span>45<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAjE\">]</span></span></a></sup> Im August 1911 reichte Langevins Frau die Scheidung ein und verklagte ihren Ehemann wegen <span about=\"#mwt51\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwAjI\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"\\\"\",\"href\":\"./Vorlage:\\\"\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"Verkehrs mit einer Konkubine in der ehelichen Wohnung\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'>„Verkehrs mit einer Konkubine in der ehelichen Wohnung“</span>.<sup about=\"#mwt55\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-46\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-46\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-46\" id=\"mwAjM\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwAjQ\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAjU\">[</span>46<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAjY\">]</span></span></a></sup> Um für die öffentliche Gerichtsverhandlung und die drohende Veröffentlichung der Briefe gewappnet zu sein, versicherte sich Marie Curie der Hilfe des Anwalts <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexandre_Millerand\" title=\"Alexandre Millerand\" id=\"mwAjc\">Alexandre Millerand</a>, der in den 1920er Jahren französischer Staatspräsident wurde.</p>\n\n<p id=\"mwAjg\">Einen Tag nach dem Ende der ersten <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solvay-Konferenz\" title=\"Solvay-Konferenz\" id=\"mwAjk\">Solvay-Konferenz</a>, die vom 30.<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwAjo\"> </span>Oktober bis zum 3.<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwAjs\"> </span>November 1911 stattfand und an der Curie als einzige Frau teilnahm, veröffentlichte <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fernand_Hauser?action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" title=\"Fernand Hauser (Seite nicht vorhanden)\" class=\"new\" typeof=\"mw:LocalizedAttrs\" id=\"mwAjw\" data-mw-i18n='{\"title\":{\"lang\":\"x-page\",\"key\":\"red-link-title\",\"params\":[\"Fernand Hauser\"]}}'>Fernand Hauser</a> (1869–1941) in der Zeitschrift <i id=\"mwAj0\">Le Journal</i> einen Artikel mit der Schlagzeile <span about=\"#mwt56\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwAj4\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"\\\"\",\"href\":\"./Vorlage:\\\"\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"Eine Liebesgeschichte. Madame Curie und Professor Langevin\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'>„Eine Liebesgeschichte. Madame Curie und Professor Langevin“</span><!-- 4. November 1911 -->. Die Zeitung <i id=\"mwAj8\">Le Petit Journal</i> folgte am darauf folgenden Tag mit der gleichen Geschichte<sup about=\"#mwt57\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-47\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-47\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-47\" id=\"mwAkA\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwAkE\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAkI\">[</span>47<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAkM\">]</span></span></a></sup> und drohte am 6.<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwAkQ\"> </span>November mit der Veröffentlichung von Liebesbriefen.<sup about=\"#mwt58\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-48\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-48\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-48\" id=\"mwAkU\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwAkY\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAkc\">[</span>48<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAkg\">]</span></span></a></sup> Vier Tage nach den ersten Vorwürfen veröffentlichte <i id=\"mwAkk\">Le Temps</i> eine Gegendarstellung Curies, in der sie die Anschuldigungen energisch bestritt.<sup about=\"#mwt59\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-49\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-49\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-49\" id=\"mwAko\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwAks\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAkw\">[</span>49<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAk0\">]</span></span></a></sup> Linke Zeitschriften und Zeitungen wie <i id=\"mwAk4\">Gil Blas</i> oder <i id=\"mwAk8\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/L’Humanité\" title=\"L’Humanité\" id=\"mwAlA\">L’Humanité</a></i><sup about=\"#mwt60\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-50\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-50\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-50\" id=\"mwAlE\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwAlI\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAlM\">[</span>50<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAlQ\">]</span></span></a></sup> verteidigten Curie, während die gemäßigte Presse schwieg. Wissenschaftler wie Perrin, Poincaré, Borel, Einstein und Pierres Bruder Jacques unterstützten sie.</p>\n\n<p id=\"mwAlU\">Ab dem 18. November 1911 griff <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maurice_Pujo?action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" title=\"Maurice Pujo (Seite nicht vorhanden)\" class=\"new\" typeof=\"mw:LocalizedAttrs\" id=\"mwAlY\" data-mw-i18n='{\"title\":{\"lang\":\"x-page\",\"key\":\"red-link-title\",\"params\":[\"Maurice Pujo\"]}}'>Maurice Pujo</a> (1872–1955), Mitgründer der Zeitschrift <i id=\"mwAlc\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Action_française\" title=\"Action française\" id=\"mwAlg\">L’Action française</a></i>, in einer Artikelserie mit dem Titel <i id=\"mwAlk\">Pour une mère</i> (deutsch: <i id=\"mwAlo\">Für eine Mutter</i>) Marie Curie fast täglich an. <i id=\"mwAls\">L’Action française</i> und <i id=\"mwAlw\">L’Intransigeant</i> drohten mit einer Veröffentlichung ihres Briefwechsels mit Paul Langevin. Fünf Tage später veröffentlichte <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustave_Téry\" title=\"Gustave Téry\" id=\"mwAl0\">Gustave Téry</a> in <i id=\"mwAl4\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/L’Œuvre\" title=\"L’Œuvre\" id=\"mwAl8\">L’Œuvre</a></i> einen zehnseitigen Auszug aus der Korrespondenz vom Sommer 1910.<sup about=\"#mwt62\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-51\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-51\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-51\" id=\"mwAmA\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwAmE\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAmI\">[</span>51<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAmM\">]</span></span></a></sup> Téry bezeichnete sie als <span about=\"#mwt61\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwAmQ\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"\\\"\",\"href\":\"./Vorlage:\\\"\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"eine Fremde, eine Intellektuelle, eine Emanze\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'>„eine Fremde, eine Intellektuelle, eine Emanze“</span><sup about=\"#mwt63\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-52\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-52\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-52\" id=\"mwAmU\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwAmY\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAmc\">[</span>52<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAmg\">]</span></span></a></sup> und als eine Ausländerin, die ein französisches Heim zerstöre. In der Folge kam es zu fünf <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duell\" title=\"Duell\" id=\"mwAmk\">Duellen</a>, darunter am 26.<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwAmo\"> </span>November eines zwischen Paul Langevin und Gustave Téry. Bei diesem Pistolenduell erfolgte jedoch kein Schusswechsel.<sup about=\"#mwt64\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-53\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-53\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-53\" id=\"mwAms\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwAmw\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAm0\">[</span>53<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAm4\">]</span></span></a></sup></p>\n\n<p id=\"mwAm8\">Die Anfeindungen erreichten ihren Höhepunkt, als die Zeitung <i id=\"mwAnA\">L’Œuvre</i> Marie Curies zweiten Vornamen <i id=\"mwAnE\">Salomea</i> „entdeckte“ und in ihrer Ausgabe vom 20.<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwAnI\"> </span>Dezember 1911 fragte: <span about=\"#mwt65\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwAnM\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"\\\"\",\"href\":\"./Vorlage:\\\"\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"Ist Madame Curie Jüdin?\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'>„Ist Madame Curie Jüdin?“</span> und behauptete: <span about=\"#mwt66\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwAnQ\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"\\\"\",\"href\":\"./Vorlage:\\\"\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"Ihr Vater ist in der Tat ein konvertierter Jude\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'>„Ihr Vater ist in der Tat ein konvertierter Jude“</span>.<sup about=\"#mwt67\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-54\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-54\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-54\" id=\"mwAnU\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwAnY\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAnc\">[</span>54<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAng\">]</span></span></a></sup> Nachdem sich Paul Langevin und seine Frau außergerichtlich geeinigt hatten, ebbten die Angriffe schließlich ab.<sup about=\"#mwt68\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-55\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-55\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-55\" id=\"mwAnk\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwAno\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAns\">[</span>55<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAnw\">]</span></span></a></sup> Die während der „Langevin-Affäre“ erhobenen Vorwürfe und der damit verbundene „Makel“ begleiteten Marie Curie für den Rest ihres Lebens.<sup about=\"#mwt69\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-56\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-56\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-56\" id=\"mwAn0\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwAn4\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAn8\">[</span>56<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAoA\">]</span></span></a></sup></p>\n\n</section></section><section data-mw-section-id=\"12\" id=\"mwAoE\" aria-labelledby=\"Nobelpreis_für_Chemie_und_weitere_Forschungen\"><div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading3\"><h3 id=\"Nobelpreis_für_Chemie_und_weitere_Forschungen\"><span id=\"Nobelpreis_f.C3.BCr_Chemie_und_weitere_Forschungen\" typeof=\"mw:FallbackId\"></span>Nobelpreis für Chemie und weitere Forschungen</h3><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">[</span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Marie_Curie&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=12\" title=\"Abschnitt bearbeiten: Nobelpreis für Chemie und weitere Forschungen\" class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\"><span>Bearbeiten</span></a><span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | </span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Marie_Curie&amp;action=edit&amp;section=12\" title=\"Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Nobelpreis für Chemie und weitere Forschungen\"><span>Quelltext bearbeiten</span></a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">]</span></span></div>\n<figure class=\"mw-default-size\" typeof=\"mw:File/Thumb\" id=\"mwAoI\"><a href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Datei:Marie_Skłodowska-Curie's_Nobel_Prize_in_Chemistry_1911.jpg\" class=\"mw-file-description\" id=\"mwAoM\"><img resource=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Datei:Marie_Skłodowska-Curie's_Nobel_Prize_in_Chemistry_1911.jpg\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Marie_Sk%C5%82odowska-Curie%27s_Nobel_Prize_in_Chemistry_1911.jpg/500px-Marie_Sk%C5%82odowska-Curie%27s_Nobel_Prize_in_Chemistry_1911.jpg?utm_source=de.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Marie_Sk%C5%82odowska-Curie%27s_Nobel_Prize_in_Chemistry_1911.jpg/960px-Marie_Sk%C5%82odowska-Curie%27s_Nobel_Prize_in_Chemistry_1911.jpg?utm_source=de.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" data-file-width=\"1508\" data-file-height=\"1024\" data-file-type=\"bitmap\" height=\"258\" width=\"380\" class=\"mw-file-element mw-file-upright\" style=\"--mw-file-upright: 1.5\" id=\"mwAoQ\"/></a><figcaption id=\"mwAoU\">Urkunde des <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobelpreis_für_Chemie\" title=\"Nobelpreis für Chemie\" id=\"mwAoY\">Chemienobelpreises</a> von 1911</figcaption></figure>\n\n<p id=\"mwAoc\">Als die Veröffentlichungen über die <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"#Die_„Langevin-Affäre“\" class=\"mw-selflink-fragment\" id=\"mwAog\">„Langevin-Affäre“</a> in der französischen Presse begannen, wurde in Stockholm über die Vergabe des <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobelpreis_für_Chemie\" title=\"Nobelpreis für Chemie\" id=\"mwAok\">Nobelpreises für Chemie</a> beraten. Das über die Berichte besorgte Nobelkomitee beauftragte <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/August_Gyldenstolpe?action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" title=\"August Gyldenstolpe (Seite nicht vorhanden)\" class=\"new\" typeof=\"mw:LocalizedAttrs\" id=\"mwAoo\" data-mw-i18n='{\"title\":{\"lang\":\"x-page\",\"key\":\"red-link-title\",\"params\":[\"August Gyldenstolpe\"]}}'>August Gyldenstolpe</a> (1849–1928), den Botschafter Schwedens in Frankreich, Curie und Langevin zu den Vorwürfen zu befragen.<sup about=\"#mwt70\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-57\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-57\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-57\" id=\"mwAos\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwAow\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAo0\">[</span>57<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAo4\">]</span></span></a></sup> Mit der Entscheidung der Akademie vom 7.<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwAo8\"> </span>November 1911, Marie Curie den Chemiepreis zuzuerkennen, die ihr <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher_Aurivillius\" title=\"Christopher Aurivillius\" id=\"mwApA\">Christopher Aurivillius</a>, der damalige Ständige Sekretär der <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Königlich_Schwedische_Akademie_der_Wissenschaften\" title=\"Königlich Schwedische Akademie der Wissenschaften\" id=\"mwApE\">Schwedischen Akademie der Wissenschaften</a> telegraphisch mitteilte, wurde erstmals einer Person zum zweiten Mal ein <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobelpreis\" title=\"Nobelpreis\" id=\"mwApI\">Nobelpreis</a> zuerkannt.</p>\n\n<p id=\"mwApM\">Die französischen Medien berichteten allerdings nur spärlich über diese Auszeichnung. Die anschließende Veröffentlichung des Briefwechsels und das Duell Langevins versetzte die Schwedische Akademie der Wissenschaften in Unruhe: Das Akademiemitglied <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svante_Arrhenius\" title=\"Svante Arrhenius\" id=\"mwApQ\">Svante Arrhenius</a>, Chemie-Nobelpreisträger von 1903, schrieb ihr einen Brief, in dem er versuchte, sie von einer Reise zur Preisverleihung abzubringen, was sie allerdings bestimmt zurückwies.<sup about=\"#mwt72\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-58\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-58\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-58\" id=\"mwApU\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwApY\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwApc\">[</span>58<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwApg\">]</span></span></a></sup> Allen Widerständen zum Trotz reiste Marie Curie gemeinsam mit ihrer Schwester Bronia und ihrer Tochter <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irène_Joliot-Curie\" title=\"Irène Joliot-Curie\" id=\"mwApk\">Irène</a> zur Nobelpreis-Zeremonie nach Stockholm, wo sie am 10.<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwApo\"> </span>Dezember den Nobelpreis für Chemie <span about=\"#mwt71\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwAps\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"\\\"\",\"href\":\"./Vorlage:\\\"\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"in Anerkennung ihrer Verdienste um den Fortschritt der Chemie durch die Entdeckung der Elemente Radium und Polonium, durch Isolierung des Radiums und die Untersuchung der Natur und der Verbindungen dieses bemerkenswerten Elementes\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'>„in Anerkennung ihrer Verdienste um den Fortschritt der Chemie durch die Entdeckung der Elemente Radium und Polonium, durch Isolierung des Radiums und die Untersuchung der Natur und der Verbindungen dieses bemerkenswerten Elementes“</span><!-- „in recognition of her services to the advancement of chemistry by the discovery of the elements radium and polonium, by the isolation of radium and the study of the nature and compounds of this remarkable element“ --> entgegennahm. Besonders hervorgehoben wurde die ihr gemeinsam mit <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/André-Louis_Debierne\" title=\"André-Louis Debierne\" id=\"mwApw\">André-Louis Debierne</a> gelungene Herstellung von metallischem Radium. Am darauffolgenden Tag hielt sie ihre Nobelvorlesung.<sup about=\"#mwt73\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-59\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-59\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-59\" id=\"mwAp0\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwAp4\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAp8\">[</span>59<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAqA\">]</span></span></a></sup></p>\n\n<p id=\"mwAqE\">Nach der Rückkehr aus Stockholm verschlechterte sich Marie Curies Gesundheitszustand. Sie litt an einer <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nierenbeckenentzündung\" title=\"Nierenbeckenentzündung\" id=\"mwAqI\">Nierenbeckenentzündung</a>, die operativ behandelt werden musste. Sie zog von ihrem Haus in Sceaux, wo sie von Nachbarn beschimpft wurde, in den vierten Stock eines Apartmenthauses am <i id=\"mwAqM\">Quai de Béthune</i> auf der <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Île_Saint-Louis\" title=\"Île Saint-Louis\" id=\"mwAqQ\">Île Saint-Louis</a> um. 1912 und 1913 reiste sie meist unter falschem Namen und bat Freunde und Verwandte, keine Auskunft über ihren Aufenthaltsort zu geben.<sup about=\"#mwt74\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-60\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-60\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-60\" id=\"mwAqU\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwAqY\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAqc\">[</span>60<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAqg\">]</span></span></a></sup> Im Juli 1912 hielt sie sich in England bei <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hertha_Marks_Ayrton\" title=\"Hertha Marks Ayrton\" id=\"mwAqk\">Hertha Marks Ayrton</a>, der Frau von <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Edward_Ayrton\" title=\"William Edward Ayrton\" id=\"mwAqo\">William Edward Ayrton</a>, auf, die sich vergeblich um eine Aufnahme in die Royal Society bemüht hatte und die ihr eine wichtige Freundin wurde. Elf Jahre lang veröffentlichte sie ihre Artikel nicht mehr in den <i id=\"mwAqs\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comptes_rendus_de_l’Académie_des_sciences\" title=\"Comptes rendus de l’Académie des sciences\" id=\"mwAqw\">Comptes rendus</a></i>, dem Publikationsorgan der Akademie der Wissenschaften, sondern bevorzugte stattdessen Zeitschriften wie <i id=\"mwAq0\">Le Radium</i> und das <i id=\"mwAq4\">Journal de physique</i>.</p>\n\n<p id=\"mwAq8\">Im Verlauf des Jahres 1913 besserte sich ihr Gesundheitszustand<!-- S. 415 -->, und sie konnte gemeinsam mit <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heike_Kamerlingh_Onnes\" title=\"Heike Kamerlingh Onnes\" id=\"mwArA\">Heike Kamerlingh Onnes</a> die Eigenschaften der Radiumstrahlung bei tiefen Temperaturen untersuchen. Im März 1913 erhielt sie Besuch von <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Einstein\" title=\"Albert Einstein\" id=\"mwArE\">Albert Einstein</a>, mit dem sie einen Sommerausflug in das Schweizer <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engadin\" title=\"Engadin\" id=\"mwArI\">Engadin</a> unternahm. Im Oktober nahm sie an der zweiten <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solvay-Konferenz#Zweite_Solvay-Konferenz_für_Physik_(1913)\" title=\"Solvay-Konferenz\" id=\"mwArM\">Solvay-Konferenz</a> teil, und im November reiste sie nach Warschau, um das zu ihren Ehren erbaute Radium-Institut einzuweihen.</p>\n\n</section><section data-mw-section-id=\"13\" id=\"mwArQ\" aria-labelledby=\"Radiologin_im_Ersten_Weltkrieg\"><div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading3\"><h3 id=\"Radiologin_im_Ersten_Weltkrieg\">Radiologin im Ersten Weltkrieg</h3><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">[</span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Marie_Curie&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=13\" title=\"Abschnitt bearbeiten: Radiologin im Ersten Weltkrieg\" class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\"><span>Bearbeiten</span></a><span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | </span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Marie_Curie&amp;action=edit&amp;section=13\" title=\"Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Radiologin im Ersten Weltkrieg\"><span>Quelltext bearbeiten</span></a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">]</span></span></div>\n<figure class=\"mw-default-size\" typeof=\"mw:File/Thumb\" id=\"mwArU\"><a href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Datei:Marie_Curie_-_Mobile_X-Ray-Unit.jpg\" class=\"mw-file-description\" id=\"mwArY\"><img resource=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Datei:Marie_Curie_-_Mobile_X-Ray-Unit.jpg\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Marie_Curie_-_Mobile_X-Ray-Unit.jpg/250px-Marie_Curie_-_Mobile_X-Ray-Unit.jpg?utm_source=de.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Marie_Curie_-_Mobile_X-Ray-Unit.jpg/500px-Marie_Curie_-_Mobile_X-Ray-Unit.jpg?utm_source=de.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" data-file-width=\"767\" data-file-height=\"500\" data-file-type=\"bitmap\" height=\"163\" width=\"250\" class=\"mw-file-element\" id=\"mwArc\"/></a><figcaption id=\"mwArg\">Marie Curie am Steuer eines Röntgenwagens</figcaption></figure>\n\n<p id=\"mwArk\">Bereits in der zweiten Kriegswoche des <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erster_Weltkrieg\" title=\"Erster Weltkrieg\" id=\"mwAro\">Ersten Weltkrieges</a> fand Marie Curie in der <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiologie\" title=\"Radiologie\" id=\"mwArs\">Radiologie</a> ein neues Betätigungsfeld.<sup about=\"#mwt75\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-61\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-61\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-61\" id=\"mwArw\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwAr0\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAr4\">[</span>61<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAr8\">]</span></span></a></sup> Vom Radiologen Henri Béclère, einem Cousin von <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antoine_Béclère\" title=\"Antoine Béclère\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwAsA\">Antoine Béclère</a> (1856–1939), erlernte sie die Grundlagen der Strahlenbehandlung und vermittelte das Wissen umgehend an Freiwillige weiter.</p>\n\n<p id=\"mwAsE\">In den Krankenhäusern, in denen sie arbeitete, herrschte ein akuter Mangel an Personal sowie an geeigneten <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Röntgen\" title=\"Röntgen\" id=\"mwAsI\">Röntgenapparaten</a>, und es gab nur eine unzureichende Stromversorgung. Diese Umstände brachten sie auf die Idee, eine mobile Röntgeneinrichtung zu schaffen, mit der verwundete Soldaten in unmittelbarer Nähe der Front untersucht werden könnten. Mit der Unterstützung der <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Union_des_femmes_de_France?action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" title=\"Union des femmes de France (Seite nicht vorhanden)\" class=\"new\" typeof=\"mw:LocalizedAttrs\" id=\"mwAsM\" data-mw-i18n='{\"title\":{\"lang\":\"x-page\",\"key\":\"red-link-title\",\"params\":[\"Union des femmes de France\"]}}'>Französischen Frauenunion</a> gelang es Marie Curie, einen ersten Röntgenwagen auszustatten. Für einen Einsatz an der Front benötigte sie die Genehmigung des Militärgesundheitsdienstes <i id=\"mwAsQ\">Service de Santé</i>. Dort fand sich jedoch niemand, der bereit war, ihren Antrag zu bearbeiten<!-- S. 436 -->, bis er schließlich an den Kriegsminister <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexandre_Millerand\" title=\"Alexandre Millerand\" id=\"mwAsU\">Alexandre Millerand</a> gelangte, ihren ehemaligen Anwalt in der <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"#Die_„Langevin-Affäre“\" class=\"mw-selflink-fragment\" id=\"mwAsY\">„Langevin-Affäre“</a>. Er leitete ihren Antrag an General <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Joffre\" title=\"Joseph Joffre\" id=\"mwAsc\">Joseph Joffre</a> weiter, den Kommandierenden an der Front, der Marie Curies Antrag schließlich genehmigte. In Begleitung ihrer Tochter Irène und eines Mechanikers fuhr sie am 1.<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwAsg\"> </span>November 1914 zum ersten Mal mit ihrem Röntgenwagen zu einem Lazarett der Zweiten Armee in <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creil\" title=\"Creil\" id=\"mwAsk\">Creil</a>, das sich 30<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwAso\"> </span>Kilometer hinter der Frontlinie befand.<sup about=\"#mwt76\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-62\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-62\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-62\" id=\"mwAss\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwAsw\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAs0\">[</span>62<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAs4\">]</span></span></a></sup> Während des Krieges rüstete Marie Curie insgesamt 20<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwAs8\"> </span>radiologische Fahrzeuge aus. Im Juli 1916 machte sie den Führerschein, um die Fahrzeuge selbst steuern zu können.</p>\n\n<p id=\"mwAtA\">Mit Hilfe privater Spenden und der Unterstützung des Komitees <i id=\"mwAtE\">Le Patronage National des Blessés</i> entstanden unter Mitwirkung Marie Curies etwa 200 neue oder verbesserte radiologische Zentren.<sup about=\"#mwt77\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-63\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-63\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-63\" id=\"mwAtI\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwAtM\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAtQ\">[</span>63<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAtU\">]</span></span></a></sup> Gemeinsam mit ihrer achtzehnjährigen Tochter Irène gab sie ab Oktober 1916 sechswöchige Intensivkurse am neuen, nach der von den Deutschen hingerichteten britischen Krankenschwester <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edith_Cavell\" title=\"Edith Cavell\" id=\"mwAtY\">Edith Cavell</a> benannten Ausbildungskrankenhaus, bei denen Frauen zu Röntgentechnikerinnen <i id=\"mwAtc\">(manipulatrices)</i> ausgebildet wurden.<!-- S. 439 --> Bis Kriegsende schlossen etwa 150 Frauen diese Kurse erfolgreich ab. Die während des Krieges mit dem Einsatz von radiologischen Methoden gemachten Erfahrungen beschrieb Marie Curie in ihrem Buch <i id=\"mwAtg\">La Radiologie et la Guerre</i>, das 1921 veröffentlicht wurde.</p>\n\n</section><section data-mw-section-id=\"14\" id=\"mwAtk\" aria-labelledby=\"Aufenthalt_in_Amerika\"><div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading3\"><h3 id=\"Aufenthalt_in_Amerika\">Aufenthalt in Amerika</h3><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">[</span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Marie_Curie&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=14\" title=\"Abschnitt bearbeiten: Aufenthalt in Amerika\" class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\"><span>Bearbeiten</span></a><span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | </span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Marie_Curie&amp;action=edit&amp;section=14\" title=\"Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Aufenthalt in Amerika\"><span>Quelltext bearbeiten</span></a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">]</span></span></div>\n<figure class=\"mw-default-size\" typeof=\"mw:File/Thumb\" id=\"mwAto\"><a href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Datei:Marie_Curie_-_Standard_Chemical_Company.jpg\" class=\"mw-file-description\" id=\"mwAts\"><img resource=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Datei:Marie_Curie_-_Standard_Chemical_Company.jpg\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Marie_Curie_-_Standard_Chemical_Company.jpg/250px-Marie_Curie_-_Standard_Chemical_Company.jpg?utm_source=de.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Marie_Curie_-_Standard_Chemical_Company.jpg/500px-Marie_Curie_-_Standard_Chemical_Company.jpg?utm_source=de.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" data-file-width=\"900\" data-file-height=\"840\" data-file-type=\"bitmap\" height=\"233\" width=\"250\" class=\"mw-file-element\" id=\"mwAtw\"/></a><figcaption id=\"mwAt0\">Marie Curie beim Besuch der Standard Chemical Company im Jahr 1921</figcaption></figure>\n<figure class=\"mw-default-size\" typeof=\"mw:File/Thumb\" id=\"mwAt4\"><a href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Datei:Meloney-with-Irene-Marie-and-Eve_Curie-1921.jpg\" class=\"mw-file-description\" id=\"mwAt8\"><img resource=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Datei:Meloney-with-Irene-Marie-and-Eve_Curie-1921.jpg\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Meloney-with-Irene-Marie-and-Eve_Curie-1921.jpg/250px-Meloney-with-Irene-Marie-and-Eve_Curie-1921.jpg?utm_source=de.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Meloney-with-Irene-Marie-and-Eve_Curie-1921.jpg/500px-Meloney-with-Irene-Marie-and-Eve_Curie-1921.jpg?utm_source=de.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" data-file-width=\"1679\" data-file-height=\"1800\" data-file-type=\"bitmap\" height=\"268\" width=\"250\" class=\"mw-file-element\" id=\"mwAuA\"/></a><figcaption id=\"mwAuE\">Marie Curie mit ihren Töchtern Irène und Ève sowie Marie Meloney bei ihrer Ankunft in New York City am 12. Mai 1921</figcaption></figure>\n\n<p id=\"mwAuI\">Im Mai 1920 gewährte Marie Curie <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Mattingly_Meloney?action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" title=\"Marie Mattingly Meloney (Seite nicht vorhanden)\" class=\"new\" typeof=\"mw:LocalizedAttrs\" id=\"mwAuM\" data-mw-i18n='{\"title\":{\"lang\":\"x-page\",\"key\":\"red-link-title\",\"params\":[\"Marie Mattingly Meloney\"]}}'>Marie Meloney</a> (1878–1943), der Herausgeberin des amerikanischen Frauenmagazins <i id=\"mwAuQ\">The Delineator</i>, ein Interview. Das schlichte Auftreten Marie Curies und die kärglichen Bedingungen am <i id=\"mwAuU\">Institut du Radium</i>, unter denen sie arbeitete, beeindruckten Meloney. Im Verlauf des Gesprächs erfuhr sie, dass es Curies dringlichster Wunsch war, ein Gramm Radium für die Fortsetzung ihrer Forschungsarbeiten zu erhalten. Die Vorräte des Institutes waren infolge der damit durchgeführten <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Therapie\" title=\"Therapie\" id=\"mwAuY\">Therapien</a> im Ersten Weltkrieg stark zurückgegangen und der Handelspreis für ein Gramm Radium betrug zu dieser Zeit für das Institut unerschwingliche 100.000 <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/US-Dollar\" title=\"US-Dollar\" id=\"mwAuc\">US-Dollar</a>.<sup about=\"#mwt78\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-Lewicki299_64-0\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{\"name\":\"Lewicki299\"},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-Lewicki299-64\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-Lewicki299-64\" id=\"mwAug\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwAuk\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAuo\">[</span>64<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAus\">]</span></span></a></sup></p>\n\n<p id=\"mwAuw\">Nach ihrer Rückkehr gründete Meloney in den <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vereinigte_Staaten\" title=\"Vereinigte Staaten\" id=\"mwAu0\">Vereinigten Staaten</a> das <i id=\"mwAu4\">Marie Curie Radium Fund Committee</i> mit dem Ziel, 100.000<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwAu8\"> </span>Dollar für die Beschaffung von einem Gramm Radium zu sammeln. Am 3.<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwAvA\"> </span>Mai 1921 vergab das Komitee, das bis dahin 82.000<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwAvE\"> </span>Dollar<sup about=\"#mwt79\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-Lewicki299_64-1\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{\"name\":\"Lewicki299\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-Lewicki299-64\" id=\"mwAvI\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwAvM\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAvQ\">[</span>64<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAvU\">]</span></span></a></sup> gesammelt hatte, den Auftrag für die Herstellung des gewünschten Radiums an die <i id=\"mwAvY\">Standard Chemical Company</i> in <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pittsburgh\" title=\"Pittsburgh\" id=\"mwAvc\">Pittsburgh</a>, die seit 1911 Radium in größeren Mengen produzierte.<sup about=\"#mwt80\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-65\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-65\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-65\" id=\"mwAvg\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwAvk\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAvo\">[</span>65<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAvs\">]</span></span></a></sup> Meloney überzeugte Marie Curie von der Notwendigkeit einer längeren Amerikareise. Sie bereitete diese unter anderem mit der fast ausschließlich Marie Curie gewidmeten Ausgabe des <i id=\"mwAvw\">Delineators</i> im April 1921 vor.</p>\n\n<p id=\"mwAv0\">Am 4. Mai 1921 ging Marie Curie gemeinsam mit ihren beiden Töchtern und in Begleitung von Marie Meloney an Bord der <i id=\"mwAv4\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympic_(Schiff,_1911–1935)\" title=\"Olympic (Schiff, 1911–1935)\" id=\"mwAv8\">Olympic</a></i>.<sup about=\"#mwt81\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-66\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-66\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-66\" id=\"mwAwA\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwAwE\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAwI\">[</span>66<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAwM\">]</span></span></a></sup> Sieben Tage später traf sie in <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_City\" title=\"New York City\" id=\"mwAwQ\">New York City</a> ein, wo sie von einer großen Menschenmenge begrüßt wurde. Über ihre Ankunft berichtete die <i id=\"mwAwU\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times\" title=\"The New York Times\" id=\"mwAwY\">New York Times</a></i> auf ihrer Titelseite unter der Schlagzeile <i id=\"mwAwc\">Madame Curie hat vor, dem Krebs ein Ende zu bereiten</i>.<sup about=\"#mwt82\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-67\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-67\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-67\" id=\"mwAwg\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwAwk\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAwo\">[</span>67<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAws\">]</span></span></a></sup> Curies Entgegnung, dass „Radium kein Heilmittel gegen jede Art von Krebs“ sei, brachte die <i id=\"mwAww\">New York Times</i> hingegen erst auf Seite<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwAw0\"> </span>22.<sup about=\"#mwt83\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-68\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-68\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-68\" id=\"mwAw4\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwAw8\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAxA\">[</span>68<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAxE\">]</span></span></a></sup> Während ihres Aufenthaltes wurde ihre Rolle als Wissenschaftlerin in den Hintergrund gerückt und sie vornehmlich als „weibliche Heilende“ dargestellt.<sup about=\"#mwt84\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-69\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-69\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-69\" id=\"mwAxI\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwAxM\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAxQ\">[</span>69<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAxU\">]</span></span></a></sup> Marie Curie besuchte zunächst verschiedene Frauencolleges, die für sie im Rahmen von Meloneys Kampagne gespendet hatten. Höhepunkt war eine am 18.<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwAxY\"> </span>Mai von der <i id=\"mwAxc\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Association_of_University_Women\" title=\"American Association of University Women\" id=\"mwAxg\">American Association of University Women</a></i> organisierte Veranstaltung, bei der sie vor 3500<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwAxk\"> </span>Frauen sprach.</p><!-- NYT 19. Mai -->\n\n<p id=\"mwAxo\">Nachdem ihr am 20. Mai durch Präsident <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warren_G._Harding\" title=\"Warren G. Harding\" id=\"mwAxs\">Warren G. Harding</a> im Blauen Zimmer des <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weißes_Haus\" title=\"Weißes Haus\" id=\"mwAxw\">Weißen Hauses</a> symbolisch das für sie gesammelte Gramm Radium übergeben worden war,<sup about=\"#mwt85\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-70\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-70\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-70\" id=\"mwAx0\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwAx4\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAx8\">[</span>70<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAyA\">]</span></span></a></sup> begann Curie eine Rundreise durch die Vereinigten Staaten. Ihre Ziele waren das Labor von <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bertram_Boltwood\" title=\"Bertram Boltwood\" id=\"mwAyE\">Bertram Boltwood</a>, die Fabriken der <i id=\"mwAyI\">Standard Chemical Company</i> in <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oakland\" title=\"Oakland\" id=\"mwAyM\">Oakland</a> und <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canonsburg\" title=\"Canonsburg\" id=\"mwAyQ\">Canonsburg</a>, aber auch die <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niagarafälle\" title=\"Niagarafälle\" id=\"mwAyU\">Niagarafälle</a> und der <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Canyon\" title=\"Grand Canyon\" id=\"mwAyY\">Grand Canyon</a>. Die zahlreichen öffentlichen Auftritte erschöpften sie,<sup about=\"#mwt86\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-71\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-71\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-71\" id=\"mwAyc\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwAyg\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAyk\">[</span>71<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAyo\">]</span></span></a></sup> und sie ließ sich immer öfter durch ihre Töchter vertreten.</p>\n\n<p id=\"mwAys\">Während ihres Aufenthaltes wurden ihr neun Ehrendoktorate<sup about=\"#mwt87\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-72\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-72\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-72\" id=\"mwAyw\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwAy0\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAy4\">[</span>72<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAy8\">]</span></span></a></sup> verliehen. Der Bereich Physik der <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harvard_University\" title=\"Harvard University\" id=\"mwAzA\">Harvard University</a> verweigerte ihr diese Ehrenbezeugung jedoch mit der Begründung, „sie habe seit 1906 nichts Wichtiges geleistet“.<sup about=\"#mwt88\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-73\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-73\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-73\" id=\"mwAzE\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwAzI\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAzM\">[</span>73<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAzQ\">]</span></span></a></sup> Vor ihrer Rückreise am 25.<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwAzU\"> </span>Juni an Bord der <i id=\"mwAzY\">R.M.S. Olympic</i> entschuldigte sich Curie für ihre gesundheitliche Schwäche: „Meine Arbeit mit dem Radium … vor allem während des Krieges hat meine Gesundheit so sehr geschädigt, dass es mir nicht möglich ist, alle Laboratorien und Colleges zu sehen, für die ich ein tiefes Interesse hege.“<sup about=\"#mwt89\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-74\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-74\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-74\" id=\"mwAzc\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwAzg\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAzk\">[</span>74<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAzo\">]</span></span></a></sup></p>\n\n<p id=\"mwAzs\">Im Oktober<!-- Eve S. 334 --> 1929 reiste Marie Curie ein zweites Mal nach Amerika. Während dieses zweiten Aufenthalts überreichte Präsident <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbert_C._Hoover\" title=\"Herbert C. Hoover\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwAzw\">Herbert C. Hoover</a> ihr einen Scheck über 50.000<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwAz0\"> </span>Dollar, der für den Ankauf von Radium für das <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centrum_Onkologii_–_Instytut_im._Marii_Skłodowskiej-Curie\" title=\"Centrum Onkologii – Instytut im. Marii Skłodowskiej-Curie\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwAz4\">Radium-Institut in Warschau</a> gedacht war.<sup about=\"#mwt90\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-75\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-75\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-75\" id=\"mwAz8\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwA0A\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwA0E\">[</span>75<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwA0I\">]</span></span></a></sup></p>\n\n</section><section data-mw-section-id=\"15\" id=\"mwA0M\" aria-labelledby=\"Wirken_für_den_Völkerbund\"><div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading3\"><h3 id=\"Wirken_für_den_Völkerbund\"><span id=\"Wirken_f.C3.BCr_den_V.C3.B6lkerbund\" typeof=\"mw:FallbackId\"></span>Wirken für den Völkerbund</h3><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">[</span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Marie_Curie&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=15\" title=\"Abschnitt bearbeiten: Wirken für den Völkerbund\" class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\"><span>Bearbeiten</span></a><span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | </span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Marie_Curie&amp;action=edit&amp;section=15\" title=\"Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Wirken für den Völkerbund\"><span>Quelltext bearbeiten</span></a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">]</span></span></div>\n<p id=\"mwA0Q\">Auf Empfehlung des Präsidenten des Völkerbundrates <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Léon_Bourgeois\" title=\"Léon Bourgeois\" id=\"mwA0U\">Léon Bourgeois</a> forderte die Versammlung des <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Völkerbund\" title=\"Völkerbund\" id=\"mwA0Y\">Völkerbundes</a> den Rat am 21.<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwA0c\"> </span>September 1921 auf, eine Kommission zu ernennen, die die Zusammenarbeit fördern sollte. Die Bildung der <i id=\"mwA0g\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internationale_Kommission_für_geistige_Zusammenarbeit\" title=\"Internationale Kommission für geistige Zusammenarbeit\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwA0k\">Internationalen Kommission für geistige Zusammenarbeit</a></i><!-- ''Commission Internationale de Coopération Intellectuelle'' --> wurde am 14.<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwA0o\"> </span>Januar 1922 vom Völkerbundsrat offiziell beschlossen. Ihr sollten zwölf vom Rat ernannte Mitglieder angehören, die aufgrund ihres wissenschaftlichen Rufes und ohne Rücksicht auf die Staatszugehörigkeit gewählt wurden. Unter den aus einer Liste von 60<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwA0s\"> </span>Kandidaten ausgewählten Wissenschaftlern, deren Nominierung am 15.<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwA0w\"> </span>Mai 1922 bekanntgegeben wurde, befand sich auch Marie Curie.<sup about=\"#mwt91\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-76\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-76\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-76\" id=\"mwA00\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwA04\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwA08\">[</span>76<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwA1A\">]</span></span></a></sup></p>\n\n<p id=\"mwA1E\">Während ihrer zwölfjährigen Tätigkeit für die Kommission – eine Zeit lang war sie deren Vizepräsidentin – setzte sie sich für die Gründung einer internationalen <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bibliografie\" title=\"Bibliografie\" id=\"mwA1I\">Bibliografie</a> wissenschaftlicher Publikationen ein, bemühte sich um die Ausarbeitung von Richtlinien für eine länderübergreifende Vergabe von Forschungsstipendien und versuchte einen einheitlichen <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urheberrecht\" title=\"Urheberrecht\" id=\"mwA1M\">Urheberschutz</a> für Wissenschaftler und deren Erfindungen zu etablieren.<sup about=\"#mwt92\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-77\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-77\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-77\" id=\"mwA1Q\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwA1U\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwA1Y\">[</span>77<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwA1c\">]</span></span></a></sup></p>\n\n</section><section data-mw-section-id=\"16\" id=\"mwA1g\" aria-labelledby=\"Das_Radium-Institut_Paris\"><div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading3\"><h3 id=\"Das_Radium-Institut_Paris\">Das Radium-Institut Paris</h3><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">[</span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Marie_Curie&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=16\" title=\"Abschnitt bearbeiten: Das Radium-Institut Paris\" class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\"><span>Bearbeiten</span></a><span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | </span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Marie_Curie&amp;action=edit&amp;section=16\" title=\"Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Das Radium-Institut Paris\"><span>Quelltext bearbeiten</span></a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">]</span></span></div>\n<p id=\"mwA1k\">Die Gründung des <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institut_Curie\" title=\"Institut Curie\" id=\"mwA1o\">Institut du Radium</a> in der <i id=\"mwA1s\">Rue des Nourrices</i> (der späteren <i id=\"mwA1w\">Rue Curie</i>) ging auf eine Idee von <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Émile_Roux\" title=\"Émile Roux\" id=\"mwA10\">Émile Roux</a>, dem Leiter des <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institut_Pasteur\" title=\"Institut Pasteur\" id=\"mwA14\">Institut Pasteur</a>, im Jahr 1909 zurück. Gemeinsam mit dem Vizerektor der Universität, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Liard?action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" title=\"Louis Liard (Seite nicht vorhanden)\" class=\"new\" typeof=\"mw:LocalizedAttrs\" id=\"mwA18\" data-mw-i18n='{\"title\":{\"lang\":\"x-page\",\"key\":\"red-link-title\",\"params\":[\"Louis Liard\"]}}'>Louis Liard</a> (1846–1917), erarbeitete er einen Plan für zwei separate Laboratorien. Eines sollte die Physik und Chemie radioaktiver Elemente erforschen und von Marie Curie geleitet werden, das andere hatte die Aufgabe, unter der Leitung von <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claude_Regaud?action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" title=\"Claude Regaud (Seite nicht vorhanden)\" class=\"new\" typeof=\"mw:LocalizedAttrs\" id=\"mwA2A\" data-mw-i18n='{\"title\":{\"lang\":\"x-page\",\"key\":\"red-link-title\",\"params\":[\"Claude Regaud\"]}}'>Claude Regaud</a> (1870–1940) die medizinischen Anwendungsmöglichkeiten der Radioaktivität zu studieren. Die Bauarbeiten nach den Plänen des Architekten <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henri-Paul_Nénot\" title=\"Henri-Paul Nénot\" id=\"mwA2E\">Henri-Paul Nénot</a> begannen 1912.<sup about=\"#mwt93\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-Quinn484-485_78-0\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{\"name\":\"Quinn484-485\"},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-Quinn484-485-78\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-Quinn484-485-78\" id=\"mwA2I\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwA2M\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwA2Q\">[</span>78<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwA2U\">]</span></span></a></sup></p>\n\n<p id=\"mwA2Y\">Im Jahr 1914 wurde Marie Curie zur Leiterin des Radium-Instituts ernannt. Beim Ausbruch des Ersten Weltkriegs blieb sie in Paris, um über den Radiumvorrat des Institutes zu wachen. Das im Auftrag der französischen Regierung aus Sicherheitserwägungen am 3.<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwA2c\"> </span>September 1914 nach <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bordeaux\" title=\"Bordeaux\" id=\"mwA2g\">Bordeaux</a> in Bleibehältern ausgelagerte Radium kehrte 1915 an das Institut zurück. In diesem Jahr vollzog Marie Curie schrittweise den Umzug aus ihrem alten Laboratorium in das neue Gebäude.<sup about=\"#mwt94\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-79\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-79\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-79\" id=\"mwA2k\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwA2o\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwA2s\">[</span>79<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwA2w\">]</span></span></a></sup></p>\n\n<p id=\"mwA20\">1916 wurde auf ihren Vorschlag hin am Institut die Abteilung <i id=\"mwA24\">Emanation</i> geschaffen. Die für die „Radiumtherapie“ hergestellten Radium- und <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radon\" title=\"Radon\" id=\"mwA28\">Radon</a><span typeof=\"mw:Nowiki\" id=\"mwA3A\"></span>ampullen wurden für die Behandlung verwundeter Soldaten benutzt.<sup about=\"#mwt96\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-Quinn484-485_78-1\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{\"name\":\"Quinn484-485\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-Quinn484-485-78\" id=\"mwA3E\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwA3I\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwA3M\">[</span>78<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwA3Q\">]</span></span></a></sup> <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henri_James_de_Rothschild?action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" title=\"Henri James de Rothschild (Seite nicht vorhanden)\" class=\"new\" typeof=\"mw:LocalizedAttrs\" id=\"mwA3U\" data-mw-i18n='{\"title\":{\"lang\":\"x-page\",\"key\":\"red-link-title\",\"params\":[\"Henri James de Rothschild\"]}}'>Henri de Rothschild</a> (1872–1946) gründete 1920 die <i id=\"mwA3Y\">Curie-Stiftung</i>, um die wissenschaftliche und medizinische Arbeit am Institut zu unterstützen. Die <i id=\"mwA3c\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Académie_nationale_de_médecine\" title=\"Académie nationale de médecine\" id=\"mwA3g\">Académie nationale de médecine</a></i> nahm Marie Curie am 7.<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwA3k\"> </span>Februar 1922 <span about=\"#mwt95\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwA3o\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"\\\"\",\"href\":\"./Vorlage:\\\"\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"in Anerkennung ihrer Verdienste bei der Entdeckung des Radiums und einer neuen Methode zur Krebsbehandlung, der Curie-Therapie\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'>„in Anerkennung ihrer Verdienste bei der Entdeckung des Radiums und einer neuen Methode zur Krebsbehandlung, der Curie-Therapie“</span><sup about=\"#mwt97\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-80\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-80\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-80\" id=\"mwA3s\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwA3w\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwA30\">[</span>80<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwA34\">]</span></span></a></sup> als freies Mitglied in ihre Reihen auf.</p>\n\n<p id=\"mwA38\">Im Frühjahr 1919 begannen die ersten Lehrveranstaltungen am Institut. Mitarbeiter des Radium-Institutes veröffentlichten von 1919 bis 1934 insgesamt 438 wissenschaftliche Artikel, darunter 34<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwA4A\"> </span>Dissertationen. 31<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwA4E\"> </span>Artikel stammten von Marie Curie.<sup about=\"#mwt98\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-81\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-81\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-81\" id=\"mwA4I\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwA4M\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwA4Q\">[</span>81<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwA4U\">]</span></span></a></sup> Bedeutende Arbeiten stammten beispielsweise von <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salomon_Aminyu_Rosenblum?action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" title=\"Salomon Aminyu Rosenblum (Seite nicht vorhanden)\" class=\"new\" typeof=\"mw:LocalizedAttrs\" id=\"mwA4Y\" data-mw-i18n='{\"title\":{\"lang\":\"x-page\",\"key\":\"red-link-title\",\"params\":[\"Salomon Aminyu Rosenblum\"]}}'>Salomon Aminyu Rosenblum</a> (1896–1959), der die <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feinstruktur_(Physik)\" title=\"Feinstruktur (Physik)\" id=\"mwA4c\">Feinstruktur</a> der <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alphastrahlung\" title=\"Alphastrahlung\" id=\"mwA4g\">Alphastrahlung</a> nachwies, sowie von <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irène_Joliot-Curie\" title=\"Irène Joliot-Curie\" id=\"mwA4k\">Irène Joliot-Curie</a> und <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frédéric_Joliot-Curie\" title=\"Frédéric Joliot-Curie\" id=\"mwA4o\">Frédéric Joliot-Curie</a>, denen es erstmals gelang, ein <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radionuklid\" title=\"Radionuklid\" id=\"mwA4s\">Radionuklid</a> künstlich herzustellen. Marie Curie förderte bewusst Frauen und aus dem Ausland stammende Studierende. 1931 waren zwölf von 37<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwA4w\"> </span>Forschern am Institut Frauen, darunter <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ellen_Gleditsch\" title=\"Ellen Gleditsch\" id=\"mwA40\">Ellen Gleditsch</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eva_Ramstedt\" title=\"Eva Ramstedt\" id=\"mwA44\">Eva Ramstedt</a> und <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marguerite_Perey\" title=\"Marguerite Perey\" id=\"mwA48\">Marguerite Perey</a>, die bedeutende Beiträge zur Erforschung der Radioaktivität leisteten.<sup about=\"#mwt99\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-sq486_42-1\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{\"name\":\"sq486\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-sq486-42\" id=\"mwA5A\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwA5E\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwA5I\">[</span>42<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwA5M\">]</span></span></a></sup></p>\n\n<p id=\"mwA5Q\">Die Auszeichnung ihrer Tochter Irène mit dem Nobelpreis für Chemie, den diese 1935 gemeinsam mit ihrem Ehemann <span about=\"#mwt100\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwA5U\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"\\\"\",\"href\":\"./Vorlage:\\\"\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"in Anerkennung ihrer Synthese neuer radioaktiver Elemente\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'>„in Anerkennung ihrer Synthese neuer radioaktiver Elemente“</span> <!--„in recognition of their synthesis of new radioactive elements“--> erhielt, erlebte Marie Curie nicht mehr. Sie starb am 4. Juli 1934 im Alter von 66 Jahren im Sanatorium Sancellemoz bei <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Passy_(Haute-Savoie)\" title=\"Passy (Haute-Savoie)\" id=\"mwA5Y\">Passy</a> (Hochsavoyen) an einer <span about=\"#mwt101\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwA5c\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"\\\"\",\"href\":\"./Vorlage:\\\"\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"[[Aplastische Anämie|aplastischen]] [[perniziöse Anämie|perniziösen Anämie]]\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'>„</span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aplastische_Anämie\" title=\"Aplastische Anämie\" about=\"#mwt101\">aplastischen</a><span about=\"#mwt101\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perniziöse_Anämie\" title=\"Perniziöse Anämie\" about=\"#mwt101\">perniziösen Anämie</a><span about=\"#mwt101\">“</span>,<sup about=\"#mwt102\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-eve372_82-0\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{\"name\":\"eve372\"},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-eve372-82\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-eve372-82\" id=\"mwA5g\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwA5k\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwA5o\">[</span>82<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwA5s\">]</span></span></a></sup><sup about=\"#mwt104\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-83\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-83\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-83\" id=\"mwA5w\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwA50\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwA54\">[</span>83<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwA58\">]</span></span></a></sup> einer durch Schädigung des Knochenmarks verursachten Bluterkrankung, die vermutlich auf ihren langjährigen Umgang mit radioaktiven Elementen zurückzuführen ist. Dieser Auffassung war Claude Regaud, Professor am Radium-Institut Paris, der schrieb, dass man sie zu den Opfern des Radiums zählen könne.<sup about=\"#mwt105\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-eve372_82-1\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{\"name\":\"eve372\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-eve372-82\" id=\"mwA6A\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwA6E\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwA6I\">[</span>82<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwA6M\">]</span></span></a></sup></p>\n\n</section></section><section data-mw-section-id=\"17\" id=\"mwA6Q\" aria-labelledby=\"Würdigung_und_Rezeption\"><div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading2\"><h2 id=\"Würdigung_und_Rezeption\"><span id=\"W.C3.BCrdigung_und_Rezeption\" typeof=\"mw:FallbackId\"></span>Würdigung und Rezeption</h2><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">[</span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Marie_Curie&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=17\" title=\"Abschnitt bearbeiten: Würdigung und Rezeption\" class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\"><span>Bearbeiten</span></a><span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | </span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Marie_Curie&amp;action=edit&amp;section=17\" title=\"Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Würdigung und Rezeption\"><span>Quelltext bearbeiten</span></a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">]</span></span></div>\n<figure class=\"mw-default-size\" typeof=\"mw:File/Thumb\" id=\"mwA6U\"><a href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Datei:Warschau_Marie_Curie_Denkmal.JPG\" class=\"mw-file-description\" id=\"mwA6Y\"><img resource=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Datei:Warschau_Marie_Curie_Denkmal.JPG\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Warschau_Marie_Curie_Denkmal.JPG/250px-Warschau_Marie_Curie_Denkmal.JPG?utm_source=de.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Warschau_Marie_Curie_Denkmal.JPG/500px-Warschau_Marie_Curie_Denkmal.JPG?utm_source=de.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" data-file-width=\"2108\" data-file-height=\"3792\" data-file-type=\"bitmap\" height=\"342\" width=\"190\" class=\"mw-file-element mw-file-upright\" style=\"--mw-file-upright: 0.75\" id=\"mwA6c\"/></a><figcaption id=\"mwA6g\">Denkmal in Warschau</figcaption></figure>\n\n<p id=\"mwA6k\">Marie Curies wissenschaftliche Arbeit wurde mit zahlreichen Wissenschaftspreisen und -medaillen gewürdigt. Darunter befanden sich der <i id=\"mwA6o\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Actonian_Prize?action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" title=\"Actonian Prize (Seite nicht vorhanden)\" class=\"new\" typeof=\"mw:LocalizedAttrs\" id=\"mwA6s\" data-mw-i18n='{\"title\":{\"lang\":\"x-page\",\"key\":\"red-link-title\",\"params\":[\"Actonian Prize\"]}}'>Actonian Prize</a></i> der <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Institution_of_Great_Britain\" title=\"Royal Institution of Great Britain\" id=\"mwA6w\">Royal Institution of Great Britain</a> (1907), der <i id=\"mwA60\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ellen_Richards_Prize?action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" title=\"Ellen Richards Prize (Seite nicht vorhanden)\" class=\"new\" typeof=\"mw:LocalizedAttrs\" id=\"mwA64\" data-mw-i18n='{\"title\":{\"lang\":\"x-page\",\"key\":\"red-link-title\",\"params\":[\"Ellen Richards Prize\"]}}'>Ellen Richards Prize</a></i> der <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Association_to_Aid_Scientific_Research_by_Woman?action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" title=\"American Association to Aid Scientific Research by Woman (Seite nicht vorhanden)\" class=\"new\" typeof=\"mw:LocalizedAttrs\" id=\"mwA68\" data-mw-i18n='{\"title\":{\"lang\":\"x-page\",\"key\":\"red-link-title\",\"params\":[\"American Association to Aid Scientific Research by Woman\"]}}'>American Association to Aid Scientific Research by Woman</a> (1921), der <i id=\"mwA7A\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Prix_du_Marquis_d’Argenteuil?action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" title=\"Grand Prix du Marquis d’Argenteuil (Seite nicht vorhanden)\" class=\"new\" typeof=\"mw:LocalizedAttrs\" id=\"mwA7E\" data-mw-i18n='{\"title\":{\"lang\":\"x-page\",\"key\":\"red-link-title\",\"params\":[\"Grand Prix du Marquis d’Argenteuil\"]}}'>Grand Prix du Marquis d’Argenteuil</a></i> der <i id=\"mwA7I\">Société d’Encouragement pour l’Industrie Nationale</i> (1923) und der <i id=\"mwA7M\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cameron_Prize?action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" title=\"Cameron Prize (Seite nicht vorhanden)\" class=\"new\" typeof=\"mw:LocalizedAttrs\" id=\"mwA7Q\" data-mw-i18n='{\"title\":{\"lang\":\"x-page\",\"key\":\"red-link-title\",\"params\":[\"Cameron Prize\"]}}'>Cameron Prize</a></i> der <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universität_Edinburgh\" title=\"Universität Edinburgh\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwA7U\">Universität Edinburgh</a> (1931). Sie ist bislang die einzige Frau, der zwei Nobelpreise verliehen wurden.<sup about=\"#mwt106\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-84\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-84\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-84\" id=\"mwA7Y\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwA7c\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwA7g\">[</span>84<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwA7k\">]</span></span></a></sup> Sie war Mitglied und Ehrenmitglied einer Vielzahl von wissenschaftlichen Gesellschaften und erhielt Ehrendoktorate von Universitäten auf der ganzen Welt, deren Auflistung in <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ève_Curie\" title=\"Ève Curie\" id=\"mwA7o\">Ève Curies</a> 1937 veröffentlichten <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madame_Curie_(Buch)\" title=\"Madame Curie (Buch)\" id=\"mwA7s\">Biografie</a> über ihre Mutter fünf Seiten umfasst.<sup about=\"#mwt107\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-85\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-85\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-85\" id=\"mwA7w\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwA70\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwA74\">[</span>85<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwA78\">]</span></span></a></sup> Im Jahr 1932 wurde sie zum Mitglied der <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leopoldina\" title=\"Leopoldina\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwA8A\">Leopoldina</a> gewählt.</p>\n\n<p id=\"mwA8E\">Zu Ehren von Marie und Pierre Curie sind die Bezeichnungen des chemischen Elements <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curium\" title=\"Curium\" id=\"mwA8I\">Curium</a> und der Einheit <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curie_(Einheit)\" title=\"Curie (Einheit)\" id=\"mwA8M\">Curie</a> gewählt worden, das Curie ist eine Maßeinheit für die Aktivität eines radioaktiven Stoffes. Ebenfalls nach ihr wurden 1924 und 1933 die Minerale <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sklodowskit\" title=\"Sklodowskit\" id=\"mwA8Q\">Sklodowskit</a> und <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuprosklodowskit\" title=\"Cuprosklodowskit\" id=\"mwA8U\">Cuprosklodowskit</a> sowie 1951 die in der <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antarktis\" title=\"Antarktis\" id=\"mwA8Y\">Antarktis</a> gelegene <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curie-Insel\" title=\"Curie-Insel\" id=\"mwA8c\">Curie-Insel</a> benannt.<sup about=\"#mwt108\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-86\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-86\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-86\" id=\"mwA8g\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwA8k\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwA8o\">[</span>86<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwA8s\">]</span></span></a></sup> Seit März 2026 ist sie Namensgeberin für die <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curie_Cove\" title=\"Curie Cove\" id=\"mwA8w\">Curie Cove</a>, eine Bucht in der Antarktis. 1961 wurde der Mondkrater <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sklodowska_(Mondkrater)?action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" title=\"Sklodowska (Mondkrater) (Seite nicht vorhanden)\" class=\"new\" typeof=\"mw:LocalizedAttrs\" id=\"mwA80\" data-mw-i18n='{\"title\":{\"lang\":\"x-page\",\"key\":\"red-link-title\",\"params\":[\"Sklodowska (Mondkrater)\"]}}'>Sklodowska</a> nach ihr benannt.<sup about=\"#mwt110\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-87\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-87\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-87\" id=\"mwA84\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwA88\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwA9A\">[</span>87<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwA9E\">]</span></span></a></sup> Die <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universität_Pierre_und_Marie_Curie\" title=\"Universität Pierre und Marie Curie\" id=\"mwA9I\">Universität Pierre und Marie Curie</a> in Paris, die <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maria-Curie-Skłodowska-Universität\" title=\"Maria-Curie-Skłodowska-Universität\" id=\"mwA9M\">Maria-Curie-Skłodowska-Universität</a> in <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lublin\" title=\"Lublin\" id=\"mwA9Q\">Lublin</a> und die <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curie_Metropolitan_High_School?action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" title=\"Curie Metropolitan High School (Seite nicht vorhanden)\" class=\"new\" typeof=\"mw:LocalizedAttrs\" id=\"mwA9U\" data-mw-i18n='{\"title\":{\"lang\":\"x-page\",\"key\":\"red-link-title\",\"params\":[\"Curie Metropolitan High School\"]}}'>Curie Metropolitan High School</a> in Chicago sowie etliche Schulen, beispielsweise in Deutschland, tragen Marie Curies Namen. Unter der Bezeichnung <i id=\"mwA9Y\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie-Skłodowska-Curie-Maßnahmen\" title=\"Marie-Skłodowska-Curie-Maßnahmen\" id=\"mwA9c\">Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions</a></i> (früher <i id=\"mwA9g\">Marie-Curie-Programm</i> bzw. <i id=\"mwA9k\">Marie Curie Actions</i>) fördert die <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europäische_Kommission\" title=\"Europäische Kommission\" id=\"mwA9o\">Europäische Kommission</a> in mehreren Forschungsausbildungs- und Mobilitätsprogrammen Nachwuchswissenschaftler.<sup about=\"#mwt112\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-88\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-88\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-88\" id=\"mwA9s\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwA9w\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwA90\">[</span>88<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwA94\">]</span></span></a></sup></p>\n\n<p id=\"mwA98\">Das <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie-Curie-Denkmal_(Lublin)\" title=\"Marie-Curie-Denkmal (Lublin)\" id=\"mwA-A\">Marie-Curie-Denkmal</a> im polnischen Lublin wurde 1964 enthüllt.</p>\n\n<p id=\"mwA-E\">Das <i id=\"mwA-I\">Radium-Institut Paris</i> und die <i id=\"mwA-M\">Curie-Stiftung</i> schlossen sich 1970 zum <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institut_Curie\" title=\"Institut Curie\" id=\"mwA-Q\">Institut Curie</a> zusammen, das sich im Sinne Marie Curies der Forschung, Lehre und Krebsbehandlung verschrieben hat.<sup about=\"#mwt113\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-89\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-89\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-89\" id=\"mwA-U\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwA-Y\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwA-c\">[</span>89<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwA-g\">]</span></span></a></sup> 1973 wurde der Marskrater <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sklodowska_(Marskrater)\" title=\"Sklodowska (Marskrater)\" id=\"mwA-k\">Sklodowska</a> nach ihr benannt.<sup about=\"#mwt115\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-90\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-90\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-90\" id=\"mwA-o\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwA-s\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwA-w\">[</span>90<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwA-0\">]</span></span></a></sup> Ein <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narodowy_Instytut_Onkologii_im._Marii_Skłodowskiej-Curie_–_Państwowy_Instytut_Badawczy\" title=\"Narodowy Instytut Onkologii im. Marii Skłodowskiej-Curie – Państwowy Instytut Badawczy\" id=\"mwA-4\">Onkologiezentrum in Warschau</a> ist nach ihr benannt, es steht in der Tradition eines von ihr 1932 initiierten Radium-Institutes in Polen.</p>\n\n<p id=\"mwA-8\">Im Jahr 1992 wurde das ehemalige Labor Marie Curies als <i id=\"mwA_A\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curie_Museum\" title=\"Curie Museum\" id=\"mwA_E\">Curie Museum</a></i> der Öffentlichkeit zugänglich gemacht. Es dient zugleich als Archiv. In Warschau befindet sich das 1967 eröffnete <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maria-Curie-Skłodowska-Museum\" title=\"Maria-Curie-Skłodowska-Museum\" id=\"mwA_I\">Maria-Curie-Skłodowska-Museum</a>. Die <i id=\"mwA_M\">Association Curie et Joliot-Curie</i> pflegt den Nachlass der Curie-Familie. Anlässlich des 75.<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwA_Q\"> </span>Jahrestages der Gründung der <i id=\"mwA_U\">Curie-Stiftung</i> wurden 1995 die sterblichen Überreste von Marie und Pierre Curie in das <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panthéon_(Paris)\" title=\"Panthéon (Paris)\" id=\"mwA_Y\">Pariser Panthéon</a> überführt. Im Jahr 2011 wurde die vormalige <i id=\"mwA_c\">Most Północny</i> in Warschau in <i id=\"mwA_g\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Most_Marii_Skłodowskiej-Curie\" title=\"Most Marii Skłodowskiej-Curie\" id=\"mwA_k\">Most Marii Skłodowskiej-Curie</a></i> umbenannt.</p>\n\n<p id=\"mwA_o\">Aufgrund ihrer Biografie wurde Marie Curie noch zu ihren Lebzeiten von der polnischen <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frauenbewegung\" title=\"Frauenbewegung\" id=\"mwA_s\">Frauenbewegung</a> für deren Ziele vereinnahmt. Marie Curie engagierte sich jedoch nicht für diese Bewegung und setzte sich nicht für deren Ziele ein.<sup about=\"#mwt116\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-91\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-91\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-91\" id=\"mwA_w\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwA_0\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwA_4\">[</span>91<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwA_8\">]</span></span></a></sup></p>\n\n<p id=\"mwBAA\">Marie Curies Bild in der Öffentlichkeit wurde lange Zeit maßgeblich durch die von ihrer Tochter Ève verfasste überhöhte biografische Darstellung bestimmt. Ève Curie stellte eine Frau dar, die sich ganz der Wissenschaft gewidmet hatte und der persönliche Niederlagen nichts anhaben konnten. Die Ablehnung der Aufnahme Marie Curies in die französische Akademie der Wissenschaften und die <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"#Die_„Langevin-Affäre“\" class=\"mw-selflink-fragment\" id=\"mwBAE\">„Langevin-Affäre“</a> wurden beispielsweise nur beiläufig erwähnt.<sup about=\"#mwt117\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-92\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-92\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-92\" id=\"mwBAI\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwBAM\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwBAQ\">[</span>92<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwBAU\">]</span></span></a></sup><sup about=\"#mwt118\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-93\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-93\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-93\" id=\"mwBAY\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwBAc\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwBAg\">[</span>93<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwBAk\">]</span></span></a></sup> Die in der <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bibliothèque_nationale_de_France\" title=\"Bibliothèque nationale de France\" id=\"mwBAo\">Französischen Nationalbibliothek</a> aufbewahrten Tagebücher, die Marie Curie nach dem Tod ihres Mannes begonnen hatte, wurden der Forschung erst 1990 zugänglich. <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susan_Quinn_(1940)?action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" title=\"Susan Quinn (1940) (Seite nicht vorhanden)\" class=\"new\" typeof=\"mw:LocalizedAttrs\" id=\"mwBAs\" data-mw-i18n='{\"title\":{\"lang\":\"x-page\",\"key\":\"red-link-title\",\"params\":[\"Susan Quinn (1940)\"]}}'>Susan Quinn</a> (*<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwBAw\"> </span>1940) konnte bei ihren siebenjährigen Recherchen für ihr Buch <i id=\"mwBA0\">Marie Curie. Eine Biographie</i> bisher unzugängliche Dokumente über die „Langevin-Affäre“ auswerten und so ein sehr differenziertes Bild der Persönlichkeit Marie Curies zeichnen.</p>\n\n<p id=\"mwBA4\">Die <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universität_Hamburg\" title=\"Universität Hamburg\" id=\"mwBA8\">Universität Hamburg</a> zog 1985 in ihrem Begleitheft zur Ausstellung <i id=\"mwBBA\">Frauen in den Naturwissenschaften</i> das folgende Fazit:</p>\n<div class=\"Vorlage_Zitat\" style=\"margin:1em 40px;\" about=\"#mwt119\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwBBE\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"Zitat\\n \",\"href\":\"./Vorlage:Zitat\"},\"params\":{\"Text\":{\"wt\":\"Marie Curie ist wegen der von ihr erhaltenen Nobelpreise in Physik (1903, gemeinsam mit Pierre Curie und Becquerel) und Chemie (1911) die wohl bekannteste Physikerin. Weniger bekannt pflegen die Schwierigkeiten zu sein, auf die sie stieß: sie wurde nicht zum Studium an der Warschauer Universität zugelassen, verdiente das Geld für ihre ersten Forschungen als\\nMädchenschullehrerin, und noch 1911&amp;nbsp;(!) wurde ihr die Aufnahme in die französische Akademie der Wissenschaften verweigert. Ähnlich unbekannt scheint auch ihr Engagement beim Völkerbund zu sein: Von 1922 bis 1934 war sie Vizepräsidentin der internationalen Kommission für geistige Zusammenarbeit beim Völkerbund. Auch die Möglichkeiten einer medizinischen\\nNutzung ihrer Entdeckungen interessierten sie stark.\"},\"ref\":{\"wt\":\"&lt;ref>&apos;&apos;Frauen in den Naturwissenschaften&apos;&apos;. Hamburg 1985; [http://www.hs.uni-hamburg.de/DE/GNT/Info/Frauen/HTML-Fertig/FidN.pdf PDF-Online, S. 12], abgerufen am 4. Oktober 2017.&lt;/ref>\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'>\n<div style=\"margin:1em 0;\"><blockquote style=\"margin:0;\">\n<p>„Marie Curie ist wegen der von ihr erhaltenen Nobelpreise in Physik (1903, gemeinsam mit Pierre Curie und Becquerel) und Chemie (1911) die wohl bekannteste Physikerin. Weniger bekannt pflegen die Schwierigkeiten zu sein, auf die sie stieß: sie wurde nicht zum Studium an der Warschauer Universität zugelassen, verdiente das Geld für ihre ersten Forschungen als\nMädchenschullehrerin, und noch 1911<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>(!) wurde ihr die Aufnahme in die französische Akademie der Wissenschaften verweigert. Ähnlich unbekannt scheint auch ihr Engagement beim Völkerbund zu sein: Von 1922 bis 1934 war sie Vizepräsidentin der internationalen Kommission für geistige Zusammenarbeit beim Völkerbund. Auch die Möglichkeiten einer medizinischen\nNutzung ihrer Entdeckungen interessierten sie stark.“<sup about=\"#mwt120\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-94\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-94\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-94\" id=\"mwBBI\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwBBM\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwBBQ\">[</span>94<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwBBU\">]</span></span></a></sup></p>\n</blockquote>\n</div></div>\n\n</section><section data-mw-section-id=\"18\" id=\"mwBBY\" aria-labelledby=\"Schriften_(Auswahl)\"><div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading2\"><h2 id=\"Schriften_(Auswahl)\"><span id=\"Schriften_.28Auswahl.29\" typeof=\"mw:FallbackId\"></span>Schriften (Auswahl)</h2><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">[</span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Marie_Curie&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=18\" title=\"Abschnitt bearbeiten: Schriften (Auswahl)\" class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\"><span>Bearbeiten</span></a><span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | </span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Marie_Curie&amp;action=edit&amp;section=18\" title=\"Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Schriften (Auswahl)\"><span>Quelltext bearbeiten</span></a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">]</span></span></div>\n<section data-mw-section-id=\"19\" id=\"mwBBc\" aria-labelledby=\"Bücher\"><div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading3\"><h3 id=\"Bücher\"><span id=\"B.C3.BCcher\" typeof=\"mw:FallbackId\"></span>Bücher</h3><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">[</span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Marie_Curie&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=19\" title=\"Abschnitt bearbeiten: Bücher\" class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\"><span>Bearbeiten</span></a><span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | </span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Marie_Curie&amp;action=edit&amp;section=19\" title=\"Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Bücher\"><span>Quelltext bearbeiten</span></a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">]</span></span></div>\n<ul id=\"mwBBg\"><li id=\"mwBBk\"><i id=\"mwBBo\">Recherches sur les substances radioactives.</i> Gauthier-Villars, Paris 1903; <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"http://visualiseur.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k624839\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwBBs\">online</a> (deutsche Ausgabe: <i id=\"mwBBw\">Untersuchungen über die radioaktiven Substanzen.</i> Vieweg und Sohn, Braunschweig 1903, übersetzt von <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter_Kaufmann_(Physiker)\" title=\"Walter Kaufmann (Physiker)\" id=\"mwBB0\">Walter Kaufmann</a>; <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://archive.org/details/untersuchungenb00curigoog\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwBB4\">archive.org</a>, <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/37945\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwBB8\">gutenberg.org</a>).</li>\n<li id=\"mwBCA\"><i id=\"mwBCE\">Traité de Radioactivité.</i> 2 Bände, Gauthier-Villars, Paris 1910 (deutsche Ausgabe: <i id=\"mwBCI\">Die Radioaktivität.</i> Akademische Verlagsgesellschaft, Leipzig 1911–1912, übersetzt von B.<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwBCM\"> </span>Finkelstein).</li>\n<li id=\"mwBCQ\"><i id=\"mwBCU\">La Radiologie et la Guerre.</i> Félix Alcan, Paris 1921 (<a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"http://visualiseur.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k67970j\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwBCY\">online</a>).</li>\n<li id=\"mwBCc\"><i id=\"mwBCg\">Pierre Curie.</i> Ins Englische übersetzt von Charlotte und Vernon Kellogg. Macmillan Co., New York 1923 (<a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=wu.89048367866\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwBCk\">online)</a>; französische Ausgabe: Payot, Paris 1924 <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k68124d/f5.item\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwBCo\">(online)</a>.</li>\n<li id=\"mwBCs\"><i id=\"mwBCw\">L’Isotopie et les éléments isotopes.</i> Albert Blanchard, Paris 1924.</li>\n<li id=\"mwBC0\"><i id=\"mwBC4\">Les rayons α, β, γ des corps radioactifs en relation avec la structure nucléaire.</i> Hermann &amp; Cie: Paris 1933 (<a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"http://visualiseur.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k380502\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwBC8\">online</a>).</li>\n<li id=\"mwBDA\"><i id=\"mwBDE\">Radioactivité.</i> Hermann &amp; Cie., Paris 1935 – posthum</li>\n<li id=\"mwBDI\">Irène Joliot-Curie (Hrsg.): <i id=\"mwBDM\">Prace Marii Skłodowskiej-Curie.</i> Panstwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe, Warszawa 1954 (Werke in Polnisch und Französisch)</li></ul>\n\n</section><section data-mw-section-id=\"20\" id=\"mwBDQ\" aria-labelledby=\"Autobiografie\"><div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading3\"><h3 id=\"Autobiografie\">Autobiografie</h3><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">[</span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Marie_Curie&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=20\" title=\"Abschnitt bearbeiten: Autobiografie\" class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\"><span>Bearbeiten</span></a><span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | </span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Marie_Curie&amp;action=edit&amp;section=20\" title=\"Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Autobiografie\"><span>Quelltext bearbeiten</span></a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">]</span></span></div>\n<ul id=\"mwBDU\"><li id=\"mwBDY\"><i id=\"mwBDc\">The story of my life.</i> In: <i id=\"mwBDg\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Delineator?action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" title=\"The Delineator (Seite nicht vorhanden)\" class=\"new\" typeof=\"mw:LocalizedAttrs\" id=\"mwBDk\" data-mw-i18n='{\"title\":{\"lang\":\"x-page\",\"key\":\"red-link-title\",\"params\":[\"The Delineator\"]}}'>The Delineator</a></i>, Band 100:\n<ul id=\"mwBDo\"><li id=\"mwBDs\">Nr. 1, Januar 1922 <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://archive.org/details/delineator99oloua/page/4/mode/1up\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwBDw\">S. 4–5</a>.</li>\n<li id=\"mwBD0\">Nr. 2, Februar 1922 <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://archive.org/details/delineator100olou/page/n18/mode/1up\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwBD4\">S. 19–20</a>.</li>\n<li id=\"mwBD8\">Nr. 3, März 1922 <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://archive.org/details/delineator100olou/page/n107/mode/1up\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwBEA\">S.<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwBEE\"> </span>15</a>, <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://archive.org/details/delineator100olou/page/n184/mode/1up\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwBEI\">S.<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwBEM\"> </span>90</a>.</li></ul></li>\n<li id=\"mwBEQ\"><i id=\"mwBEU\">Autobiographical Notes.</i> In: <i id=\"mwBEY\">Pierre Curie.</i> Macmillan Co., New York 1923, S. 155–227 (<a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=wu.89048367866&amp;view=1up&amp;seq=175\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwBEc\">online</a>).</li>\n<li id=\"mwBEg\"><i id=\"mwBEk\">Autobiografia.</i> Panstwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe, Warszawa 1959 (deutsche Ausgabe: <i id=\"mwBEo\">Selbstbiographie.</i> B. G. Teubner, Leipzig 1962, <span class=\"plainlinks-print\" style=\"white-space:nowrap\" about=\"#mwt122\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwBEs\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"DNB\",\"href\":\"./Vorlage:DNB\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"450852741\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deutsche_Nationalbibliothek\" title=\"Deutsche Nationalbibliothek\">DNB</a> <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://d-nb.info/450852741\" class=\"external text\">450852741</a></span>).</li></ul>\n\n</section><section data-mw-section-id=\"21\" id=\"mwBEw\" aria-labelledby=\"Zeitschriftenaufsätze\"><div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading3\"><h3 id=\"Zeitschriftenaufsätze\"><span id=\"Zeitschriftenaufs.C3.A4tze\" typeof=\"mw:FallbackId\"></span>Zeitschriftenaufsätze</h3><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">[</span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Marie_Curie&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=21\" title=\"Abschnitt bearbeiten: Zeitschriftenaufsätze\" class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\"><span>Bearbeiten</span></a><span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | </span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Marie_Curie&amp;action=edit&amp;section=21\" title=\"Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Zeitschriftenaufsätze\"><span>Quelltext bearbeiten</span></a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">]</span></span></div>\n<ul id=\"mwBE0\"><li id=\"mwBE4\"><i id=\"mwBE8\">Propriétés magnétiques des aciers trempés.</i> In: <i id=\"mwBFA\">Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des séances de l’Académie des sciences.</i> Band 125, S.<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwBFE\"> </span>1165–1168, 1897 (<a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"http://visualiseur.bnf.fr/CadresFenetre?O=NUMM-3081&amp;I=1165\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwBFI\">online</a>).</li>\n<li id=\"mwBFM\"><i id=\"mwBFQ\">Propriétés magnétiques des aciers trempés.</i> In: <i id=\"mwBFU\">Bulletin de la Societe d’Encouragement pour l’Industrie Nationale.</i> Januar 1898, 5th Series, Vol.<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwBFY\"> </span>3, S.<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwBFc\"> </span>36–76.</li>\n<li id=\"mwBFg\"><i id=\"mwBFk\">Rayons émis par les composés de l’uranium et du thorium.</i> In: <i id=\"mwBFo\">Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des séances de l’Académie des sciences.</i> Band 126, S.<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwBFs\"> </span>1101–1103, 1898 (<a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"http://visualiseur.bnf.fr/CadresFenetre?O=NUMM-3082&amp;I=1101\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwBFw\">online</a>).</li>\n<li id=\"mwBF0\"><i id=\"mwBF4\">Sur une substance nouvelle radio-active, contenue dans la pechblende.</i> In: <i id=\"mwBF8\">Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des séances de l’Académie des sciences.</i> Band 127, S.<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwBGA\"> </span>175–178, 1898 (<a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"http://visualiseur.bnf.fr/CadresFenetre?O=NUMM-3083&amp;I=177\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwBGE\">online</a>) – mit Pierre (Entdeckung von Polonium).</li>\n<li id=\"mwBGI\"><i id=\"mwBGM\">Sur une nouvelle substance fortement radio-active contenue dans la pechblende.</i> In: <i id=\"mwBGQ\">Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des séances de l’Académie des sciences.</i> Band<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwBGU\"> </span>127, S.<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwBGY\"> </span>1215–1217, 1898 (<a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"http://visualiseur.bnf.fr/CadresFenetre?O=NUMM-3083&amp;I=1217\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwBGc\">online</a>) – mit Pierre und Gustave Bémont, vorgetragen von Henri Becquerel (Entdeckung von Radium)</li>\n<li id=\"mwBGg\"><i id=\"mwBGk\">Sur la radio-activité provoquée par les rayons de Becquerel.</i> In: <i id=\"mwBGo\">Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des séances de l’Académie des sciences.</i> Band<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwBGs\"> </span>129, S. 714–716, 1899 (<a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"http://visualiseur.bnf.fr/CadresFenetre?O=NUMM-3085&amp;I=714\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwBGw\">online</a>).</li>\n<li id=\"mwBG0\"><i id=\"mwBG4\">Effets chimiques produits par les rayons de Becquerel.</i> In: <i id=\"mwBG8\">Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des séances de l’Académie des sciences.</i> Band<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwBHA\"> </span>129, S.<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwBHE\"> </span>823–825, 1899 (<a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"http://visualiseur.bnf.fr/CadresFenetre?O=NUMM-3085&amp;I=823\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwBHI\">online</a>).</li>\n<li id=\"mwBHM\"><i id=\"mwBHQ\">Sur la charge électrique des rayons déviables du radium.</i> In: <i id=\"mwBHU\">Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des séances de l’Académie des sciences.</i> Band<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwBHY\"> </span>130, S.<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwBHc\"> </span>647–650, 1900 (<a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"http://visualiseur.bnf.fr/CadresFenetre?O=NUMM-3086&amp;I=647\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwBHg\">online</a>).</li>\n<li id=\"mwBHk\"><i id=\"mwBHo\">Les nouvelles substances radioactives et les rayons qu’elles emettent.</i> In: <i id=\"mwBHs\">Rapports présentés au congrès International de Physique réuni à Paris en 1900 sous les auspices de La Société Française de Physique.</i> Gauthier-Villars, Paris 1900, Band 3, S.<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwBHw\"> </span>79–114 (<a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k9813472t/f95.item\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwBH0\">online</a>) – mit Pierre</li>\n<li id=\"mwBH4\"><i id=\"mwBH8\">Sur les corps radioactifs.</i> In: <i id=\"mwBIA\">Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des séances de l’Académie des sciences.</i> Band<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwBIE\"> </span>134, S.<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwBII\"> </span>85–87, 1902 <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"http://visualiseur.bnf.fr/CadresFenetre?O=NUMM-3090&amp;I=85\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwBIM\">(online)</a>.</li>\n<li id=\"mwBIQ\"><i id=\"mwBIU\">Sur le poids atomique du radium.</i> In: <i id=\"mwBIY\">Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des séances de l’Académie des sciences.</i> Band<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwBIc\"> </span>135, S.<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwBIg\"> </span>161–163, 1902 (<a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"http://www.archive.org/details/comptesrendusheb1341902acad\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwBIk\">online</a>) – vorgetragen von <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eleuthère_Mascart\" title=\"Eleuthère Mascart\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwBIo\">Eleuthère Mascart</a> (Atomgewicht von Radium 225 ±1).</li>\n<li id=\"mwBIs\"><i id=\"mwBIw\">Sur la diminution de la radioactivité du polonium avec le temps.</i> In: <i id=\"mwBI0\">Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des séances de l’Académie des sciences.</i> Band<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwBI4\"> </span>142, S.<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwBI8\"> </span>273–276, 1906 (<a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"http://visualiseur.bnf.fr/CadresFenetre?O=NUMM-3096&amp;I=273\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwBJA\">online</a>) – vorgetragen von Pierre Curie (Halbwertszeit von Polonium).</li>\n<li id=\"mwBJE\"><i id=\"mwBJI\">Sur le poids atomique du radium.</i> In: <i id=\"mwBJM\">Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des séances de l’Académie des sciences.</i> Band<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwBJQ\"> </span>145, S.<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwBJU\"> </span>422–425, 1907 (<a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"http://visualiseur.bnf.fr/CadresFenetre?O=NUMM-3099&amp;I=422\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwBJY\">online</a>) (Atomgewicht von Radium 226,45).</li>\n<li id=\"mwBJc\"><i id=\"mwBJg\">Action de la pesanteur sur le dépôt de la radioactivité induite.</i> In: <i id=\"mwBJk\">Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des séances de l’Académie des sciences.</i> Band<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwBJo\"> </span>145, S.<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwBJs\"> </span>477–480, 1907 (<a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"http://visualiseur.bnf.fr/CadresFenetre?O=NUMM-3099&amp;I=477\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwBJw\">online</a>).</li>\n<li id=\"mwBJ0\"><i id=\"mwBJ4\">Action de l’émanation du radium sur les solutions de sels de cuivre.</i> In: <i id=\"mwBJ8\">Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des séances de l’Académie des sciences.</i> Band<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwBKA\"> </span>147, S.<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwBKE\"> </span>345–349, 1908 (<a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"http://visualiseur.bnf.fr/CadresFenetre?O=NUMM-3101&amp;I=345\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwBKI\">online</a>) – mit <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ellen_Gleditsch\" title=\"Ellen Gleditsch\" id=\"mwBKM\">Ellen Gleditsch</a>.</li>\n<li id=\"mwBKQ\"><i id=\"mwBKU\">Sur le radium métallique.</i> In: <i id=\"mwBKY\">Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des séances de l’Académie des sciences.</i> Band<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwBKc\"> </span>151, S.<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwBKg\"> </span>523–525, 1910 (<a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"http://visualiseur.bnf.fr/CadresFenetre?O=NUMM-3104&amp;I=523\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwBKk\">online</a>) – mit <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/André-Louis_Debierne\" title=\"André-Louis Debierne\" id=\"mwBKo\">André-Louis Debierne</a> (metallisches Radium).</li>\n<li id=\"mwBKs\"><i id=\"mwBKw\">The radiation of radium at the temperature of liquid hydrogen.</i> In: <i id=\"mwBK0\">Proceedings of the Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen.</i> Band<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwBK4\"> </span>15<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwBK8\"> </span>II, S.<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwBLA\"> </span>1406–1430, Amsterdam 1913 (<a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"http://www.dwc.knaw.nl/DL/publications/PU00013080.pdf\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwBLE\">PDF</a>) – mit <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heike_Kamerlingh_Onnes\" title=\"Heike Kamerlingh Onnes\" id=\"mwBLI\">Heike Kamerlingh Onnes</a>.</li>\n<li id=\"mwBLM\"><i id=\"mwBLQ\">Sur la vie moyenne de l’ionium.</i> In: <i id=\"mwBLU\">Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des séances de l’Académie des sciences.</i> Band<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwBLY\"> </span>190, S.<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwBLc\"> </span>1289–1292, 1930 (<a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"http://visualiseur.bnf.fr/CadresFenetre?O=NUMM-3143&amp;I=1291\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwBLg\">online</a>) – mit Sonia Cotelle.</li>\n<li id=\"mwBLk\"><i id=\"mwBLo\">Sur une relation entre la constante de désintégration des radioéléments émettant des rayons et leur capacité de filiation.</i> In: <i id=\"mwBLs\">Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des séances de l’Académie des sciences.</i> Band<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwBLw\"> </span>191, S.<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwBL0\"> </span>326–329, 1930 (<a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"http://visualiseur.bnf.fr/CadresFenetre?O=NUMM-3144&amp;I=326\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwBL4\">online</a>) – mit Georges Fournier.</li>\n<li id=\"mwBL8\"><i id=\"mwBMA\">Sur la relation entre l’émission de rayons de long parcours et de rayons.</i> In: <i id=\"mwBME\">Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des séances de l’Académie des sciences.</i> Band<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwBMI\"> </span>191, S.<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwBMM\"> </span>1055–1058, 1930 (<a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"http://visualiseur.bnf.fr/CadresFenetre?O=NUMM-3144&amp;I=1055\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwBMQ\">online</a>).</li>\n<li id=\"mwBMU\"><i id=\"mwBMY\">Spectre magnétique des rayons du dépôt actif de l’actinon.</i> In: <i id=\"mwBMc\">Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des séances de l’Académie des sciences.</i> Band 193, S. 33–35, 1931 (<a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"http://visualiseur.bnf.fr/CadresFenetre?O=NUMM-3146&amp;I=33\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwBMg\">online</a>) – mit <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salomon_Aminyu_Rosenblum?action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" title=\"Salomon Aminyu Rosenblum (Seite nicht vorhanden)\" class=\"new\" typeof=\"mw:LocalizedAttrs\" id=\"mwBMk\" data-mw-i18n='{\"title\":{\"lang\":\"x-page\",\"key\":\"red-link-title\",\"params\":[\"Salomon Aminyu Rosenblum\"]}}'>Salomon Aminyu Rosenblum</a> (1896–1959)</li>\n<li id=\"mwBMo\"><i id=\"mwBMs\">Sur la structure fine du spectre magnétique des rayons du radioactinium.</i> In: <i id=\"mwBMw\">Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des séances de l’Académie des sciences.</i> Band<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwBM0\"> </span>194, S.<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwBM4\"> </span>1232–1235, 1932 (<a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"http://visualiseur.bnf.fr/CadresFenetre?O=NUMM-3147&amp;I=1236\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwBM8\">online</a>) – mit Salomon Aminyu Rosenblum.</li>\n<li id=\"mwBNA\"><i id=\"mwBNE\">Sur la structure fine du spectre magnétique des rayons du radioactinium et de ses dérivés.</i> In: <i id=\"mwBNI\">Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des séances de l’Académie des sciences.</i> Band<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwBNM\"> </span>196, S.<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwBNQ\"> </span>1598–1600, 1933 (<a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"http://visualiseur.bnf.fr/CadresFenetre?O=NUMM-3148&amp;I=1598&amp;M=tdm\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwBNU\">online</a>) – mit Salomon Aminyu Rosenblum.</li></ul>\n\n</section><section data-mw-section-id=\"22\" id=\"mwBNY\" aria-labelledby=\"Briefe\"><div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading3\"><h3 id=\"Briefe\">Briefe</h3><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">[</span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Marie_Curie&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=22\" title=\"Abschnitt bearbeiten: Briefe\" class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\"><span>Bearbeiten</span></a><span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | </span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Marie_Curie&amp;action=edit&amp;section=22\" title=\"Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Briefe\"><span>Quelltext bearbeiten</span></a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">]</span></span></div>\n<ul id=\"mwBNc\"><li id=\"mwBNg\">Gillette Ziegler (Hrsg.): <i id=\"mwBNk\">Marie and Irène Curie, Correspondence: Choix de lettres, 1905–1934.</i> Éditeurs français réunis, Paris 1974.\n<ul id=\"mwBNo\"><li id=\"mwBNs\"><i id=\"mwBNw\">Korespondencja Marii Sklodowskiej-Curie z corkq Irenq: 1905–1934 wybor.</i> Panstwowy Instytut Wydawniczy, Warschau 1978.</li></ul></li>\n<li id=\"mwBN0\">Krystyna Kabzińska (Hrsg.): <i id=\"mwBN4\">Korespondencja polska Marii Sklodowskiej-Curie 1881–1934.</i> Wydawnictwa IHN PAN, Warschau 1994, <a href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/838606210X\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" class=\"internal mw-magiclink mw-magiclink-isbn\" id=\"mwBN8\">ISBN 83-86062-10-X</a>.</li>\n<li id=\"mwBOA\">Jan Piskurewicz (Hrsg.): <i id=\"mwBOE\">Korespondencja Marii Skłodowskiej-Curie z uczonymi z Europy Środkowej i Wschodniej, 1904–1934.</i> Wydawn. Uniwersytetu Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej, Lubin1998, <a href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/8322712413\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" class=\"internal mw-magiclink mw-magiclink-isbn\" id=\"mwBOI\">ISBN 83-227-1241-3</a>.</li>\n<li id=\"mwBOM\">Hélène Langevin-Joliot, Monique Bordry (Hrsg.): <i id=\"mwBOQ\">Lettres: Marie Curie et ses filles.</i> Pygmalion, Paris 2011, <a href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9782756404578\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" class=\"internal mw-magiclink mw-magiclink-isbn\" id=\"mwBOU\">ISBN 978-2-7564-0457-8</a>.</li></ul>\n\n</section></section><section data-mw-section-id=\"23\" id=\"mwBOY\" aria-labelledby=\"Nachweise\"><div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading2\"><h2 id=\"Nachweise\">Nachweise</h2><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">[</span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Marie_Curie&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=23\" title=\"Abschnitt bearbeiten: Nachweise\" class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\"><span>Bearbeiten</span></a><span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | </span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Marie_Curie&amp;action=edit&amp;section=23\" title=\"Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Nachweise\"><span>Quelltext bearbeiten</span></a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">]</span></span></div>\n<section data-mw-section-id=\"24\" id=\"mwBOc\" aria-labelledby=\"Literatur\"><div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading3\"><h3 id=\"Literatur\">Literatur</h3><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">[</span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Marie_Curie&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=24\" title=\"Abschnitt bearbeiten: Literatur\" class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\"><span>Bearbeiten</span></a><span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | </span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Marie_Curie&amp;action=edit&amp;section=24\" title=\"Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Literatur\"><span>Quelltext bearbeiten</span></a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">]</span></span></div>\n<ul id=\"mwBOg\"><li id=\"mwBOk\">P. Adloff, K. Lieser, G. Stöcklin (Hrsg.): <i id=\"mwBOo\">100 Years after the Discovery of Radiochemistry.</i> Oldenbourg Wissenschaftsverlag, 1996, <a href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/3486642529\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" class=\"internal mw-magiclink mw-magiclink-isbn\" id=\"mwBOs\">ISBN 3-486-64252-9</a>.</li>\n<li id=\"mwBOw\">Christophe Charle, Eva Telkes: <i id=\"mwBO0\">Les professeurs de la faculté des sciences de Paris. Dictionnaire biographique 1901–1939.</i> INRP, Paris 1989, <a href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/2222043360\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" class=\"internal mw-magiclink mw-magiclink-isbn\" id=\"mwBO4\">ISBN 2-222-04336-0</a>.</li>\n<li id=\"mwBO8\">Eve Curie: <i id=\"mwBPA\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madame_Curie_(Buch)\" title=\"Madame Curie (Buch)\" id=\"mwBPE\">Madame Curie. Leben und Wirken.</a></i> Büchergilde Gutenberg, Zürich/Prag 1938. (William Heinemann Ltd, London/Toronto 1947) <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"http://www.archive.org/details/madamecurie035051mbp\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwBPI\">online</a> (Uebertragung aus dem Französischen von Maria Giustiniani).</li>\n<li id=\"mwBPM\">Marie Skłodowska Curie: <i id=\"mwBPQ\">Selbstbiographie.</i> Nachdruck der ersten Auflage. B.<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwBPU\"> </span>G.<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwBPY\"> </span>Teubner Verlagsgesellschaft, Leipzig 1962, <span class=\"plainlinks-print\" style=\"white-space:nowrap\" about=\"#mwt123\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwBPc\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"DNB\",\"href\":\"./Vorlage:DNB\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"450852741\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deutsche_Nationalbibliothek\" title=\"Deutsche Nationalbibliothek\">DNB</a> <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://d-nb.info/450852741\" class=\"external text\">450852741</a></span>.</li>\n<li id=\"mwBPg\">Barbara Czarniawska, Guje Sevón: <i id=\"mwBPk\">The Thin End of the Wedge: Foreign Women Professors as Double Strangers in Academia.</i> In: <i id=\"mwBPo\">Gender, Work &amp; Organization.</i> Band<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwBPs\"> </span>15, Nr.<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwBPw\"> </span>3, 2008, S.<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwBP0\"> </span>235–287. <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink/Interwiki\" href=\"//doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0432.2008.00392.x\" title=\"doi:10.1111/j.1468-0432.2008.00392.x\" class=\"extiw\" id=\"mwBP4\">doi:10.1111/j.1468-0432.2008.00392.x</a>, <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://gupea.ub.gu.se/bitstream/2077/2986/1/2005-7_web.pdf\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwBP8\">PDF online</a>.</li>\n<li id=\"mwBQA\">Françoise Giroud: <i id=\"mwBQE\">„Die Menschheit braucht auch Träumer“ Marie Curie.</i> Econ<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwBQI\"> </span>&amp;<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwBQM\"> </span>List Taschenbuchverlag, München 1999, <a href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/3612266020\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" class=\"internal mw-magiclink mw-magiclink-isbn\" id=\"mwBQQ\">ISBN 3-612-26602-0</a>.</li>\n<li id=\"mwBQU\">Peter Ksoll, Fritz Vögtle: <i id=\"mwBQY\">Marie Curie.</i> Rowohlt, Reinbek bei Hamburg 1988, <a href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/3499504170\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" class=\"internal mw-magiclink mw-magiclink-isbn\" id=\"mwBQc\">ISBN 3-499-50417-0</a>.</li>\n<li id=\"mwBQg\">Otto Hittmair: <i id=\"mwBQk\">Ernest Rutherford und das Wiener Radiuminstitut: Ein Kommentar zu einem Briefwechsel, wesentlich Marie Curie betreffend, mit dem Institutsdirektor Stefan Meyer.</i> In: <i id=\"mwBQo\">Sitzungsberichte und Anzeiger der mathematisch-naturwissenschaftlichen Klasse. Abteilung II: Mathematische, Physikalische und Technische Wissenschaften.</i> Band<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwBQs\"> </span>211, 2002, S.<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwBQw\"> </span>175–190; <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"http://hw.oeaw.ac.at/?arp=0x0003efbf\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwBQ0\">(online)</a></li>\n<li id=\"mwBQ4\">Ann M. Lewicki: <i id=\"mwBQ8\">Marie Sklodowska Curie in America.</i> In: <i id=\"mwBRA\">Radiology.</i> Band<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwBRE\"> </span>223, S.<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwBRI\"> </span>299–303, 2002. <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink/Interwiki\" href=\"//doi.org/10.1148/radiol.2232011319\" title=\"doi:10.1148/radiol.2232011319\" class=\"extiw\" id=\"mwBRM\">doi:10.1148/radiol.2232011319</a></li>\n<li id=\"mwBRQ\">Milorad Mlađenović: <i id=\"mwBRU\">The History of Early Nuclear Physics (1896–1931).</i> World Scientific, 1992, <a href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9810208073\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" class=\"internal mw-magiclink mw-magiclink-isbn\" id=\"mwBRY\">ISBN 981-02-0807-3</a>.</li>\n<li id=\"mwBRc\">Susan Quinn: <i id=\"mwBRg\">Marie Curie. Eine Biographie.</i> Insel-Verlag, Frankfurt am Main 1999, <a href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/3458169423\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" class=\"internal mw-magiclink mw-magiclink-isbn\" id=\"mwBRk\">ISBN 3-458-16942-3</a>.</li>\n<li id=\"mwBRo\">Sara Rockwell: <i id=\"mwBRs\">The Life and Legacy of Marie Curie.</i> In: <i id=\"mwBRw\">Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine.</i> Band 76, 2003, S.<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwBR0\"> </span>167–180, <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2582731/\" about=\"#mwt124\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwBR4\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"PMC\",\"href\":\"./Vorlage:PMC\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"2582731\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'>PMC<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>2582731</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" about=\"#mwt124\"> </span><span about=\"#mwt124\">(freier Volltext)</span></li>\n<li id=\"mwBR8\">Natalie Stegmann: <i id=\"mwBSA\">Marie Curie: Eine Naturwissenschaftlerin im Dickicht historischer Möglichkeiten.</i> In: <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bea_Lundt\" title=\"Bea Lundt\" id=\"mwBSE\">Bea Lundt</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bärbel_Völkel\" title=\"Bärbel Völkel\" id=\"mwBSI\">Bärbel Völkel</a> (Hrsg.): <i id=\"mwBSM\">Outfit und Coming-out: Geschlechterwelten zwischen Mode, Labor und Strich.</i> LIT Verlag, Berlin/Hamburg/Münster 2007, <a href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783825804916\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" class=\"internal mw-magiclink mw-magiclink-isbn\" id=\"mwBSQ\">ISBN 978-3-8258-0491-6</a>, S.<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwBSU\"> </span>37–74.</li></ul>\n\n</section><section data-mw-section-id=\"25\" id=\"mwBSY\" aria-labelledby=\"Einzelnachweise\"><div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading3\"><h3 id=\"Einzelnachweise\">Einzelnachweise</h3><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">[</span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Marie_Curie&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=25\" title=\"Abschnitt bearbeiten: Einzelnachweise\" class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\"><span>Bearbeiten</span></a><span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | </span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Marie_Curie&amp;action=edit&amp;section=25\" title=\"Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Einzelnachweise\"><span>Quelltext bearbeiten</span></a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">]</span></span></div>\n<div class=\"mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/references\" about=\"#mwt125\" id=\"mwBSc\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"references\",\"attrs\":{\"responsive\":\"\"}}'><ol class=\"mw-references references\" id=\"mwBSg\"><li about=\"#cite_note-1\" id=\"cite_note-1\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"1\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwBSk\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-1\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwBSo\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwBSs\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-1\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\">Françoise Giroud: <i id=\"mwBSw\">„Die Menschheit braucht auch Träumer“ Marie Curie.</i> S.<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwBS0\"> </span>22.</span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-2\" id=\"cite_note-2\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"2\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwBS4\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-2\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwBS8\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwBTA\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-2\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\">Marie Skłodowska Curie: <i id=\"mwBTE\">Selbstbiographie.</i> S.<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwBTI\"> </span>15.</span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-3\" id=\"cite_note-3\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"3\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwBTM\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-3\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwBTQ\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwBTU\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-3\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\">Susan Quinn: <i id=\"mwBTY\">Marie Curie. Eine Biographie.</i> S.<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwBTc\"> </span>71.</span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-4\" id=\"cite_note-4\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"4\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwBTg\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-4\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwBTk\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwBTo\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-4\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\">Marie Skłodowska Curie: <i id=\"mwBTs\">Selbstbiographie.</i> S.<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwBTw\"> </span>18.</span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-5\" id=\"cite_note-5\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"5\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwBT0\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-5\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwBT4\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwBT8\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-5\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\">Susan Quinn: <i id=\"mwBUA\">Marie Curie. Eine Biographie.</i> S.<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwBUE\"> </span>109.</span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-6\" id=\"cite_note-6\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"6\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwBUI\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-6\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwBUM\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwBUQ\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-6\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbara_Czarniawska\" title=\"Barbara Czarniawska\" id=\"mwBUU\">Barbara Czarniawska</a>, Guje Sevón: <i id=\"mwBUY\">The Thin End of the Wedge: Foreign Women Professors as Double Strangers in Academia.</i> S.<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwBUc\"> </span>170.</span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-7\" id=\"cite_note-7\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"7\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwBUg\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-7\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwBUk\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwBUo\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-7\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\">Peter Ksoll, Fritz Vögtle: <i id=\"mwBUs\">Marie Curie.</i> Rowohlt, Reinbek bei Hamburg 1988, <a href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/3499504170\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" class=\"internal mw-magiclink mw-magiclink-isbn\" id=\"mwBUw\">ISBN 3-499-50417-0</a>, S.<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwBU0\"> </span>37–38.</span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-8\" id=\"cite_note-8\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"8\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwBU4\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-8\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwBU8\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwBVA\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-8\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\">Susan Quinn: <i id=\"mwBVE\">Marie Curie. Eine Biographie.</i> S.<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwBVI\"> </span>116.</span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-9\" id=\"cite_note-9\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"9\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwBVM\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-9\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwBVQ\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwBVU\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-9\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\">Peter Ksoll, Fritz Vögtle: <i id=\"mwBVY\">Marie Curie.</i> Rowohlt, Reinbek bei Hamburg 1988, <a href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/3499504170\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" class=\"internal mw-magiclink mw-magiclink-isbn\" id=\"mwBVc\">ISBN 3-499-50417-0</a>, S.<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwBVg\"> </span>48–49.</span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-10\" id=\"cite_note-10\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"10\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwBVk\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-10\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwBVo\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwBVs\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-10\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\">Milorad Mlađenović: <i id=\"mwBVw\">The History of Early Nuclear Physics (1896–1931).</i> S.<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwBV0\"> </span>4.</span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-11\" id=\"cite_note-11\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"11\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwBV4\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-11\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwBV8\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwBWA\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-11\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\">Lord Kelvin, John Carruthers Beattie, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marian_Smoluchowski\" title=\"Marian Smoluchowski\" id=\"mwBWE\">Marian Smoluchowski</a> de Smolan: <i id=\"mwBWI\">Electrification of Air by Röntgen Rays.</i> In: <i id=\"mwBWM\">Nature.</i> Band<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwBWQ\"> </span>55, S.<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwBWU\"> </span>199–200, gelesen am 21.<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwBWY\"> </span>Dezember 1896 (<a rel=\"mw:WikiLink/Interwiki\" href=\"//doi.org/10.1038/055199a0\" title=\"doi:10.1038/055199a0\" class=\"extiw\" id=\"mwBWc\">doi:10.1038/055199a0</a>).</span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-12\" id=\"cite_note-12\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"12\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwBWg\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-12\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwBWk\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwBWo\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-12\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\">John Carruthers Beattie: <i id=\"mwBWs\">On the Electrification of Air by Uranium and Its Compounds.</i> In: <i id=\"mwBWw\">Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh.</i> Band<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwBW0\"> </span>21, S.<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwBW4\"> </span>466–472, Edinburgh 1897.</span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-13\" id=\"cite_note-13\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"13\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwBW8\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-13\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwBXA\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwBXE\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-13\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\">Susan Quinn: <i id=\"mwBXI\">Marie Curie. Eine Biographie.</i> S.<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwBXM\"> </span>166.</span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-14\" id=\"cite_note-14\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"14\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwBXQ\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-14\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwBXU\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwBXY\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-14\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\">Gerhard Carl Schmidt: <i id=\"mwBXc\">Über die von den Thorverbindungen und einigen anderen Substanzen ausgehende Strahlung.</i> In: <i id=\"mwBXg\">Annalen der Physik und Chemie.</i> Neue Folge, Band<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwBXk\"> </span>65, Nr.<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwBXo\"> </span>5, S.<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwBXs\"> </span>141–151, Johann Ambrosius Barth, Leipzig 1898, (15.<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwBXw\"> </span>April 1898); <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink/Interwiki\" href=\"//doi.org/10.1002/andp.18983010512\" title=\"doi:10.1002/andp.18983010512\" class=\"extiw\" id=\"mwBX0\">doi:10.1002/andp.18983010512</a>.</span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-15\" id=\"cite_note-15\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"15\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwBX4\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-15\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwBX8\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwBYA\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-15\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\">Gerhard Carl Schmidt: <i id=\"mwBYE\">Sur les radiations émises par le thorium et ses composés.</i> In: <i id=\"mwBYI\">Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des séances de l’Académie des sciences.</i> Band<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwBYM\"> </span>126, S.<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwBYQ\"> </span>1264, 1898; <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"http://visualiseur.bnf.fr/CadresFenetre?O=NUMM-3082&amp;I=1264\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwBYU\">(online)</a></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-16\" id=\"cite_note-16\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"16\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwBYY\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-16\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwBYc\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwBYg\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-16\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\">Susan Quinn: <i id=\"mwBYk\">Marie Curie. Eine Biographie.</i> S.<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwBYo\"> </span>174.</span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-17\" id=\"cite_note-17\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"17\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwBYs\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-17\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwBYw\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwBY0\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-17\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\">Eve Curie: <i id=\"mwBY4\">Madame Curie.</i> S.<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwBY8\"> </span>375.</span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-18\" id=\"cite_note-18\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"18\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwBZA\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-18\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwBZE\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwBZI\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-18\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><i id=\"mwBZM\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comptes_rendus_de_l’Académie_des_sciences\" title=\"Comptes rendus de l’Académie des sciences\" id=\"mwBZQ\">Comptes rendus</a>.</i> Band 126, 1898, S. 1133 (<a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/3731111\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwBZU\">online</a>).</span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-19\" id=\"cite_note-19\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"19\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwBZY\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-19\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwBZc\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwBZg\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-19\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\">Peter Ksoll, Fritz Vögtle: <i id=\"mwBZk\">Marie Curie.</i> Rowohlt, Reinbek bei Hamburg 1988, <a href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/3499504170\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" class=\"internal mw-magiclink mw-magiclink-isbn\" id=\"mwBZo\">ISBN 3-499-50417-0</a>, S.<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwBZs\"> </span>61.</span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-20\" id=\"cite_note-20\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"20\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwBZw\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-20\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwBZ0\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwBZ4\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-20\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\">Susan Quinn: <i id=\"mwBZ8\">Marie Curie. Eine Biographie.</i> S.<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwBaA\"> </span>176.</span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-21\" id=\"cite_note-21\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"21\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwBaE\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-21\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwBaI\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwBaM\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-21\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\">Susan Quinn: <i id=\"mwBaQ\">Marie Curie. Eine Biographie.</i> S.<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwBaU\"> </span>208.</span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-22\" id=\"cite_note-22\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"22\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwBaY\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-22\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwBac\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwBag\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-22\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><i id=\"mwBak\">Comptes rendus.</i> Band 131, 1900, S. 1114 (<a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/4804168\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwBao\">online</a>).</span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-23\" id=\"cite_note-23\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"23\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwBas\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-23\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwBaw\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwBa0\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-23\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><i id=\"mwBa4\">Comptes rendus.</i> Band 135, 1902, S. 1243 (<a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/7066268\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwBa8\">online</a>).</span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-24\" id=\"cite_note-24\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"24\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwBbA\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-24\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwBbE\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwBbI\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-24\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\">Susan Quinn: <i id=\"mwBbM\">Marie Curie. Eine Biographie.</i> S.<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwBbQ\"> </span>205.</span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-25\" id=\"cite_note-25\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"25\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwBbU\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-25\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwBbY\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwBbc\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-25\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\">Sara Rockwell: <i id=\"mwBbg\">The Life and Legacy of Marie Curie.</i> S. 174.</span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-26\" id=\"cite_note-26\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"26\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwBbk\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-26\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwBbo\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwBbs\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-26\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\">Susan Quinn: <i id=\"mwBbw\">Marie Curie. Eine Biographie.</i> S.<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwBb0\"> </span>210.</span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-27\" id=\"cite_note-27\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"27\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwBb4\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-27\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwBb8\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwBcA\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-27\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1903/summary/\" about=\"#mwt30\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwBcE\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"Nobel-ph\",\"href\":\"./Vorlage:Nobel-ph\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"1903\"},\"2\":{\"wt\":\"Marie Curie\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'>Informationen</a><span about=\"#mwt30\" id=\"mwBcI\"> der </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobelpreis\" title=\"Nobelpreis\" about=\"#mwt30\" id=\"mwBcM\">Nobelstiftung</a><span about=\"#mwt30\" id=\"mwBcQ\"> zur Preisverleihung 1903 an Marie Curie (englisch)</span></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-28\" id=\"cite_note-28\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"28\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwBcU\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-28\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwBcY\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwBcc\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-28\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\">Susan Quinn: <i id=\"mwBcg\">Marie Curie. Eine Biographie.</i> S.<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwBck\"> </span>226.</span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-29\" id=\"cite_note-29\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"29\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwBco\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-29\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwBcs\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwBcw\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-29\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\">Susan Quinn: <i id=\"mwBc0\">Marie Curie. Eine Biographie.</i> S.<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwBc4\"> </span>229–230.</span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-30\" id=\"cite_note-30\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"30\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwBc8\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-30\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwBdA\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwBdE\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-30\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><i id=\"mwBdI\">Mort tragique de M. Curie</i>. In: <i id=\"mwBdM\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Le_Matin_(Frankreich)\" title=\"Le Matin (Frankreich)\" id=\"mwBdQ\">Le Matin</a></i>. 20. April 1906 (<a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k567943p/f1.zoom.langFR\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwBdU\">online</a>).</span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-31\" id=\"cite_note-31\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"31\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwBdY\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-31\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwBdc\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwBdg\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-31\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\">Susan Quinn: <i id=\"mwBdk\">Marie Curie. Eine Biographie.</i> S.<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwBdo\"> </span>274.</span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-32\" id=\"cite_note-32\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"32\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwBds\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-32\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwBdw\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwBd0\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-32\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\">Susan Quinn: <i id=\"mwBd4\">Marie Curie. Eine Biographie.</i> S.<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwBd8\"> </span>293.</span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-33\" id=\"cite_note-33\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"33\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwBeA\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-33\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwBeE\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwBeI\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-33\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\">Susan Quinn: <i id=\"mwBeM\">Marie Curie. Eine Biographie.</i> S.<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwBeQ\"> </span>289–292.</span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-34\" id=\"cite_note-34\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"34\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwBeU\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-34\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwBeY\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwBec\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-34\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\">Bertram B. Boltwood: <i id=\"mwBeg\">The International Congress of Radiology and Electricity, Brussels, September 13–15, 1910.</i> In: <i id=\"mwBek\">Science.</i> Band<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwBeo\"> </span>32, Nr.<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwBes\"> </span>831, S.<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwBew\"> </span>788–791, 1910; <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink/Interwiki\" href=\"//doi.org/10.1126/science.32.831.788\" title=\"doi:10.1126/science.32.831.788\" class=\"extiw\" id=\"mwBe0\">doi:10.1126/science.32.831.788</a>.</span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-35\" id=\"cite_note-35\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"35\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwBe4\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-35\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwBe8\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwBfA\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-35\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\">E. Rutherford: <i id=\"mwBfE\">Radium standards and nomenclature.</i> In: <i id=\"mwBfI\">Nature.</i> Band<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwBfM\"> </span>84, S.<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwBfQ\"> </span>430–431, 6.<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwBfU\"> </span>Oktober 1910; <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink/Interwiki\" href=\"//doi.org/10.1038/084430a0\" title=\"doi:10.1038/084430a0\" class=\"extiw\" id=\"mwBfY\">doi:10.1038/084430a0</a>.</span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-36\" id=\"cite_note-36\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"36\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwBfc\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-36\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwBfg\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwBfk\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-36\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><i id=\"mwBfo\">Une Académicienne?</i> In: <i id=\"mwBfs\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Le_Figaro\" title=\"Le Figaro\" id=\"mwBfw\">Le Figaro</a></i>. <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"http://gallica2.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k289033z.image.f2.langFR\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwBf0\">16. November 1910, S.<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwBf4\"> </span>2, Sp.<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwBf8\"> </span>6.</a>, (abgerufen am 2.<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwBgA\"> </span>März 2009).</span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-37\" id=\"cite_note-37\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"37\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwBgE\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-37\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwBgI\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwBgM\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-37\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\">Jean Gaston Darboux: <i id=\"mwBgQ\">Mme.<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwBgU\"> </span>Curie et l’académie des sciences.</i> In: <i id=\"mwBgY\">Le Temps.</i> <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"http://visualiseur.bnf.fr/CadresFenetre?O=NUMM-240350&amp;I=2\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwBgc\">31.<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwBgg\"> </span>Dezember 1910, S. 2.</a>, (abgerufen am 5.<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwBgk\"> </span>März 2009).</span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-38\" id=\"cite_note-38\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"38\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwBgo\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-38\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwBgs\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwBgw\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-38\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\">Susan Quinn. <i id=\"mwBg0\">Marie Curie. Eine Biographie.</i> S.<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwBg4\"> </span>341.</span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-39\" id=\"cite_note-39\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"39\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwBg8\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-39\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwBhA\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwBhE\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-39\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\">Susan Quinn: <i id=\"mwBhI\">Marie Curie. Eine Biographie.</i> S.<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwBhM\"> </span>341–342.</span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-40\" id=\"cite_note-40\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"40\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwBhQ\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-40\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwBhU\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwBhY\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-40\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><i id=\"mwBhc\">L’Institut misogyne a Mme.<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwBhg\"> </span>Curie.</i> In: <i id=\"mwBhk\">L’Humanité.</i> <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"http://visualiseur.bnf.fr/CadresFenetre?O=NUMM-252618&amp;I=1\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwBho\">5.<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwBhs\"> </span>Januar 1911, S.<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwBhw\"> </span>1.</a>, (abgerufen am 5.<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwBh0\"> </span>März 2009).</span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-41\" id=\"cite_note-41\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"41\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwBh4\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-41\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwBh8\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwBiA\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-41\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\">Gérard d’Houville: <i id=\"mwBiE\">La Travesti vert.</i> In: <i id=\"mwBiI\">Le Figaro.</i> <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"http://gallica2.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k289101g.f1.langFR\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwBiM\">21. Januar 1911, S.<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwBiQ\"> </span>1.</a>, (abgerufen am 5.<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwBiU\"> </span>März 2009).</span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-sq486-42\" id=\"cite_note-sq486-42\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"42\"><span rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwBiY\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-sq486_42-0\" id=\"mwBic\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwBig\">1</span></a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-sq486_42-1\" id=\"mwBik\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwBio\">2</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-sq486-42\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\">Susan Quinn: <i id=\"mwBis\">Marie Curie. Eine Biographie.</i> S.<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwBiw\"> </span>486.</span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-43\" id=\"cite_note-43\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"43\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwBi0\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-43\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwBi4\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwBi8\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-43\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\">Susan Quinn: <i id=\"mwBjA\">Marie Curie. Eine Biographie.</i> S.<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwBjE\"> </span>312.</span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-44\" id=\"cite_note-44\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"44\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwBjI\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-44\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwBjM\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwBjQ\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-44\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\">Susan Quinn: <i id=\"mwBjU\">Marie Curie. Eine Biographie.</i> S.<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwBjY\"> </span>317.</span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-45\" id=\"cite_note-45\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"45\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwBjc\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-45\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwBjg\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwBjk\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-45\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\">Susan Quinn: <i id=\"mwBjo\">Marie Curie. Eine Biographie.</i> S.<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwBjs\"> </span>352.</span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-46\" id=\"cite_note-46\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"46\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwBjw\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-46\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwBj0\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwBj4\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-46\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\">Susan Quinn: <i id=\"mwBj8\">Marie Curie. Eine Biographie.</i> S.<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwBkA\"> </span>374.</span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-47\" id=\"cite_note-47\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"47\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwBkE\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-47\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwBkI\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwBkM\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-47\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><i id=\"mwBkQ\">Un roman dans un laboratoire: l’aventure de Madame Curie et de Monsieur Langevin.</i> In: <i id=\"mwBkU\">Le Petit Journal.</i> <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"http://gallica2.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k619529k.image.f1.langFR\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwBkY\">5.<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwBkc\"> </span>November 1911, S.<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwBkg\"> </span>1.</a>, (abgerufen am 2.<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwBkk\"> </span>März 2009).</span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-48\" id=\"cite_note-48\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"48\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwBko\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-48\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwBks\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwBkw\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-48\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><i id=\"mwBk0\">Mme. Curie et le professeur Langevin</i> In: <i id=\"mwBk4\">Le Petit Journal.</i> <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"http://gallica2.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k619530h.r=.langfr\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwBk8\">6. November 1911, S.<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwBlA\"> </span>1.</a></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-49\" id=\"cite_note-49\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"49\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwBlE\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-49\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwBlI\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwBlM\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-49\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\">In: <i id=\"mwBlQ\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Le_Temps_(Frankreich)\" title=\"Le Temps (Frankreich)\" id=\"mwBlU\">Le Temps</a></i>. <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"http://visualiseur.bnf.fr/CadresFenetre?O=NUMM-240664&amp;I=4\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwBlY\">8.<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwBlc\"> </span>November 1911, S.<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwBlg\"> </span>4.</a>, (abgerufen am 2.<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwBlk\"> </span>März 2009).</span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-50\" id=\"cite_note-50\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"50\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwBlo\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-50\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwBls\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwBlw\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-50\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><i id=\"mwBl0\">L’Affaire Curie-Langevin renvoyèe.</i> In: <i id=\"mwBl4\">L’Humanité.</i> <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"http://visualiseur.bnf.fr/CadresFenetre?O=NUMM-252955&amp;I=2\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwBl8\">9.<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwBmA\"> </span>Dezember 1911</a>, (abgerufen am 2.<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwBmE\"> </span>März 2009).</span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-51\" id=\"cite_note-51\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"51\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwBmI\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-51\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwBmM\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwBmQ\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-51\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\">Gustave Téry: <i id=\"mwBmU\">La vérité sur le scandale Curie. Pour une Mère.</i> In: <i id=\"mwBmY\">L’Œuvre.</i> 23.<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwBmc\"> </span>November 1911, S.<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwBmg\"> </span>1–10.</span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-52\" id=\"cite_note-52\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"52\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwBmk\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-52\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwBmo\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwBms\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-52\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\">Susan Quinn: <i id=\"mwBmw\">Marie Curie. Eine Biographie.</i> S.<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwBm0\"> </span>380.</span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-53\" id=\"cite_note-53\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"53\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwBm4\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-53\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwBm8\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwBnA\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-53\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><i id=\"mwBnE\">Le Duel D’Hier.</i> In: <i id=\"mwBnI\">Le Petit Journal.</i> <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"http://visualiseur.bnf.fr/CadresFenetre?O=NUMM-619550&amp;I=2\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwBnM\">26.<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwBnQ\"> </span>November 1911, S. 2.</a>, (abgerufen am 2.<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwBnU\"> </span>März 2009).</span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-54\" id=\"cite_note-54\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"54\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwBnY\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-54\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwBnc\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwBng\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-54\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\">Susan Quinn: <i id=\"mwBnk\">Marie Curie. Eine Biographie.</i> S.<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwBno\"> </span>395.</span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-55\" id=\"cite_note-55\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"55\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwBns\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-55\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwBnw\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwBn0\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-55\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\">Susan Quinn: <i id=\"mwBn4\">Marie Curie. Eine Biographie.</i> S.<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwBn8\"> </span>393.</span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-56\" id=\"cite_note-56\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"56\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwBoA\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-56\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwBoE\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwBoI\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-56\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\">Susan Quinn: <i id=\"mwBoM\">Marie Curie. Eine Biographie.</i> S. 396.</span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-57\" id=\"cite_note-57\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"57\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwBoQ\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-57\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwBoU\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwBoY\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-57\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\">Susan Quinn: <i id=\"mwBoc\">Marie Curie. Eine Biographie.</i> S.<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwBog\"> </span>369.</span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-58\" id=\"cite_note-58\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"58\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwBok\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-58\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwBoo\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwBos\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-58\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\">Vgl. hierzu den Abschnitt <i id=\"mwBow\">The Langevin Affair</i> in <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/articles/curie/\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwBo0\">Nanny Fröman: <i id=\"mwBo4\">Marie and Pierre Curie and the Discovery of Polonium and Radium</i></a> (nobelprize.org, abgerufen am 7.<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwBo8\"> </span>November 2011).</span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-59\" id=\"cite_note-59\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"59\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwBpA\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-59\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwBpE\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwBpI\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-59\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\">Marie Curie: <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1911/marie-curie-lecture.html\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwBpM\"><i id=\"mwBpQ\">Radium and the New Concepts in Chemistry.</i></a> Nobelpreisvorlesung vom 11.<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwBpU\"> </span>Dezember 1911, (abgerufen am 7.<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwBpY\"> </span>November 2011).</span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-60\" id=\"cite_note-60\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"60\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwBpc\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-60\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwBpg\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwBpk\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-60\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\">Susan Quinn: <i id=\"mwBpo\">Marie Curie. Eine Biographie.</i> S.<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwBps\"> </span>399–400.</span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-61\" id=\"cite_note-61\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"61\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwBpw\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-61\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwBp0\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwBp4\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-61\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\">Susan Quinn: <i id=\"mwBp8\">Marie Curie. Eine Biographie.</i> S.<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwBqA\"> </span>431.</span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-62\" id=\"cite_note-62\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"62\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwBqE\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-62\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwBqI\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwBqM\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-62\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\">Susan Quinn: <i id=\"mwBqQ\">Marie Curie. Eine Biographie.</i> S.<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwBqU\"> </span>436.</span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-63\" id=\"cite_note-63\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"63\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwBqY\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-63\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwBqc\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwBqg\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-63\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\">Marie Skłodowska Curie: <i id=\"mwBqk\">Selbstbiographie.</i> S.<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwBqo\"> </span>56.</span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-Lewicki299-64\" id=\"cite_note-Lewicki299-64\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"64\"><span rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwBqs\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-Lewicki299_64-0\" id=\"mwBqw\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwBq0\">1</span></a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-Lewicki299_64-1\" id=\"mwBq4\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwBq8\">2</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-Lewicki299-64\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\">Ann M. Lewicki: <i id=\"mwBrA\">Marie Sklodowska Curie in America.</i> S.<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwBrE\"> </span>299.</span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-65\" id=\"cite_note-65\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"65\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwBrI\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-65\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwBrM\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwBrQ\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-65\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\">Joel O. Lubenau: <i id=\"mwBrU\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"http://www.orau.org/PTP/collection/Miscellaneous/photoalbum/sscinfo.pdf\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwBrY\">A Brief History of Standard Chemical Company</a> (PDF; 2,1<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwBrc\"> </span>MB)</i> (abgerufen am 2.<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwBrg\"> </span>März 2009).</span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-66\" id=\"cite_note-66\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"66\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwBrk\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-66\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwBro\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwBrs\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-66\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><i id=\"mwBrw\">MME. CURIE SAILS TO RECEIVE RADIUM GIFT; Papers Glad She Is Accompanied Because of Forgetfulness in Ordinary Affairs.</i> In: <i id=\"mwBr0\">The New York Times.</i> <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=9E0CE5DD1E3FEE3ABC4D53DFB366838A639EDE\" class=\"external text\" data-mw-original-href=\"http://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=9E0CE5DD1E3FEE3ABC4D53DFB366838A639EDE\" id=\"mwBr4\">4.<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwBr8\"> </span>Mai 1921, S.<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwBsA\"> </span>14.</a>. (Abgerufen am 1.<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwBsE\"> </span>März 2009).</span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-67\" id=\"cite_note-67\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"67\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwBsI\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-67\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwBsM\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwBsQ\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-67\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><i id=\"mwBsU\">MME. CURIE PLANS TO END ALL CANCERS; Says Radium Is Sure Cure, Even in Deep-Rooted Cases, if Properly Treated. GETS TRIBUTE ON ARRIVAL Motherly Looking Scientist in Plain Black Frock Gives Thanks to Americans. Wanted to Come Here. Poles Great Scientist.</i> In: <i id=\"mwBsY\">The New York Times.</i> <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=9A0DE0DB1739E133A25751C1A9639C946095D6CF\" class=\"external text\" data-mw-original-href=\"http://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=9A0DE0DB1739E133A25751C1A9639C946095D6CF\" id=\"mwBsc\">21.<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwBsg\"> </span>Mai 1921, S.<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwBsk\"> </span>1.</a>. (Abgerufen am 1.<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwBso\"> </span>März 2009).</span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-68\" id=\"cite_note-68\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"68\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwBss\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-68\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwBsw\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwBs0\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-68\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><i id=\"mwBs4\">RADIUM NOT A CURE FOR EVERY CANCER; But Mme. Curie Holds That Substance Is a Specific for Many Forms. GUEST OF MRS. CARNEGIE Vassar, Smith, American Chemical Society and Academy of Sciences Plan Receptions.</i> In: <i id=\"mwBs8\">The New York Times.</i> <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=9506E2D91E3FEE3ABC4B52DFB366838A639EDE\" class=\"external text\" data-mw-original-href=\"http://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=9506E2D91E3FEE3ABC4B52DFB366838A639EDE\" id=\"mwBtA\">13.<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwBtE\"> </span>Mai 1921, S.<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwBtI\"> </span>22.</a>. (Abgerufen am 3.<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwBtM\"> </span>März 2009).</span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-69\" id=\"cite_note-69\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"69\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwBtQ\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-69\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwBtU\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwBtY\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-69\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\">Susan Quinn: <i id=\"mwBtc\">Marie Curie. Eine Biographie.</i> S.<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwBtg\"> </span>472.</span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-70\" id=\"cite_note-70\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"70\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwBtk\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-70\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwBto\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwBts\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-70\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><i id=\"mwBtw\">RADIUM PRESENTED TO MADAME CURIE; Vial Containing Gram, Given by American Women, Is Handed to Her by President. NOTABLE GROUP ATTENDS Harding in White House Ceremony Pays Tribute to Her as the World’s Foremost Scientist.</i> In: <i id=\"mwBt0\">The New York Times.</i> <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=990DEEDE1F3FEE3ABC4951DFB366838A639EDE\" class=\"external text\" data-mw-original-href=\"http://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=990DEEDE1F3FEE3ABC4951DFB366838A639EDE\" id=\"mwBt4\">21.<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwBt8\"> </span>Mai 1921, S.<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwBuA\"> </span>12.</a>. (Abgerufen am 1.<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwBuE\"> </span>März 2009).</span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-71\" id=\"cite_note-71\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"71\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwBuI\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-71\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwBuM\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwBuQ\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-71\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><i id=\"mwBuU\">Mme. Curie’s Brain Fagged By 'Small Talk' of Americans.</i> In: <i id=\"mwBuY\">The New York Times.</i> <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=9C02E1DE143AE532A25756C2A9609C946095D6CF\" class=\"external text\" data-mw-original-href=\"http://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=9C02E1DE143AE532A25756C2A9609C946095D6CF\" id=\"mwBuc\">28.<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwBug\"> </span>Mai 1921, S.<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwBuk\"> </span>1.</a>. (Abgerufen am 1.<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwBuo\"> </span>März 2009).</span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-72\" id=\"cite_note-72\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"72\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwBus\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-72\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwBuw\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwBu0\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-72\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\">Eve Curie: <i id=\"mwBu4\">Madame Curie.</i> S.<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwBu8\"> </span>379.</span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-73\" id=\"cite_note-73\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"73\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwBvA\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-73\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwBvE\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwBvI\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-73\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\">Susan Quinn: <i id=\"mwBvM\">Marie Curie. Eine Biographie.</i> S.<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwBvQ\"> </span>476.</span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-74\" id=\"cite_note-74\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"74\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwBvU\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-74\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwBvY\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwBvc\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-74\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><i id=\"mwBvg\">MME. CURIE FINDS AMERICA A MARVEL; Generosity, Care for the Young and for People’s Pleasures Impress Her in New York. PRAISES OUR INSTITUTIONS On Eve of Departure the Scientist Tells What She Thinks of Various Cities.</i> In: <i id=\"mwBvk\">The New York Times.</i> <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=9C02E1DE143AE532A25756C2A9609C946095D6CF\" class=\"external text\" data-mw-original-href=\"http://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=9C02E1DE143AE532A25756C2A9609C946095D6CF\" id=\"mwBvo\">25.<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwBvs\"> </span>Juni 1921, S.<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwBvw\"> </span>11.</a>. (Abgerufen am 1.<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwBv0\"> </span>März 2009).</span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-75\" id=\"cite_note-75\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"75\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwBv4\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-75\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwBv8\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwBwA\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-75\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\">Françoise Giroud: <i id=\"mwBwE\">„Die Menschheit braucht auch Träumer“ Marie Curie.</i> S.<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwBwI\"> </span>322.</span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-76\" id=\"cite_note-76\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"76\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwBwM\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-76\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwBwQ\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwBwU\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-76\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\">Eberhardt Gering: <i id=\"mwBwY\">Die Tätigkeit von Albert Einstein in Zusammenarbeit mit Hugo Andres Krüß in der Völkerbundkommission für Geistige Zusammenarbeit</i>. 2006; <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"http://homepages.uni-tuebingen.de/gerd.simon/KruessundEinstein.pdf\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwBwc\">PDF Online</a>.</span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-77\" id=\"cite_note-77\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"77\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwBwg\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-77\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwBwk\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwBwo\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-77\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\">Susan Quinn: <i id=\"mwBws\">Marie Curie. Eine Biographie.</i> S.<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwBww\"> </span>457.</span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-Quinn484-485-78\" id=\"cite_note-Quinn484-485-78\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"78\"><span rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwBw0\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-Quinn484-485_78-0\" id=\"mwBw4\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwBw8\">1</span></a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-Quinn484-485_78-1\" id=\"mwBxA\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwBxE\">2</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-Quinn484-485-78\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\">Susan Quinn: <i id=\"mwBxI\">Marie Curie. Eine Biographie.</i> S.<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwBxM\"> </span>484/485.</span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-79\" id=\"cite_note-79\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"79\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwBxQ\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-79\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwBxU\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwBxY\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-79\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\">Marie Skłodowska Curie: <i id=\"mwBxc\">Selbstbiographie.</i> S.<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwBxg\"> </span>61/62.</span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-80\" id=\"cite_note-80\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"80\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwBxk\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-80\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwBxo\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwBxs\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-80\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\">Françoise Giroud: <i id=\"mwBxw\">„Die Menschheit braucht auch Träumer“ Marie Curie.</i> S.<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwBx0\"> </span>318.</span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-81\" id=\"cite_note-81\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"81\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwBx4\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-81\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwBx8\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwByA\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-81\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\">Ève Curie: <i id=\"mwByE\">Madame Curie.</i> S.<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwByI\"> </span>354.</span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-eve372-82\" id=\"cite_note-eve372-82\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"82\"><span rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwByM\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-eve372_82-0\" id=\"mwByQ\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwByU\">1</span></a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-eve372_82-1\" id=\"mwByY\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwByc\">2</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-eve372-82\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\">Eve Curie: <i id=\"mwByg\">Madame Curie.</i> S. 372–373.</span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-83\" id=\"cite_note-83\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"83\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwByk\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-83\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwByo\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwBys\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-83\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno?apm=0&amp;aid=nwj&amp;datum=19340705&amp;seite=6&amp;query=%22perniziöfe+Anämie%22\" about=\"#mwt103\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwByw\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"ANNO\",\"href\":\"./Vorlage:ANNO\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"nwj\"},\"2\":{\"wt\":\"05\"},\"3\":{\"wt\":\"07\"},\"4\":{\"wt\":\"1934\"},\"5\":{\"wt\":\"6\"},\"6\":{\"wt\":\"Madame Curie gestorben. Die berühmte Nobelpreisträgerin\"},\"HERVORHEBUNG\":{\"wt\":\"perniziöfe&amp;#32;Anämie\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'><i id=\"mwBy0\">Madame Curie gestorben. Die berühmte Nobelpreisträgerin.</i></a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" about=\"#mwt103\" id=\"mwBy4\"> </span><span about=\"#mwt103\" id=\"mwBy8\">In:</span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" about=\"#mwt103\" id=\"mwBzA\"> </span><i about=\"#mwt103\" id=\"mwBzE\">Neues Wiener Journal</i><span about=\"#mwt103\" id=\"mwBzI\">, 5. Juli 1934, S.</span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" about=\"#mwt103\" id=\"mwBzM\"> </span><span about=\"#mwt103\" id=\"mwBzQ\">6 (online bei </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/ANNO_–_AustriaN_Newspapers_Online\" title=\"ANNO – AustriaN Newspapers Online\" about=\"#mwt103\" id=\"mwBzU\">ANNO</a><span about=\"#mwt103\" id=\"mwBzY\">).</span><span style=\"display:none\" about=\"#mwt103\" id=\"mwBzc\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vorlage:ANNO/Wartung/nwj?action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" title=\"Vorlage:ANNO/Wartung/nwj (Seite nicht vorhanden)\" class=\"new\" typeof=\"mw:LocalizedAttrs\" id=\"mwBzg\" data-mw-i18n='{\"title\":{\"lang\":\"x-page\",\"key\":\"red-link-title\",\"params\":[\"Vorlage:ANNO/Wartung/nwj\"]}}'>Vorlage:ANNO/Wartung/nwj</a></span></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-84\" id=\"cite_note-84\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"84\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwBzk\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-84\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwBzo\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwBzs\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-84\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\">Nanny Fröman: <i id=\"mwBzw\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/articles/curie/\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwBz0\">Marie and Pierre Curie and the Discovery of Polonium and Radium</a></i>. Artikel bei <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"http://nobelprize.org/\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwBz4\">nobelprize.org</a> (abgerufen am 31. März 2009).</span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-85\" id=\"cite_note-85\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"85\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwBz8\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-85\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwB0A\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwB0E\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-85\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\">Eve Curie: <i id=\"mwB0I\">Madame Curie.</i> S.<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwB0M\"> </span>376–381.</span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-86\" id=\"cite_note-86\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"86\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwB0Q\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-86\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwB0U\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwB0Y\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-86\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\">John Stewart: <i id=\"mwB0c\">Antarctica – An Encyclopedia.</i> Band 1, McFarland &amp; Co., Jefferson/London 2011, <a href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780786435906\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" class=\"internal mw-magiclink mw-magiclink-isbn\" id=\"mwB0g\">ISBN 978-0-7864-3590-6</a>, S.<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwB0k\"> </span>380.</span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-87\" id=\"cite_note-87\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"87\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwB0o\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-87\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwB0s\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwB0w\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-87\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/Feature/5592\" about=\"#mwt109\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwB00\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"PlanetaryNames\",\"href\":\"./Vorlage:PlanetaryNames\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"5592\"},\"2\":{\"wt\":\"Sklodowska\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'>Sklodowska</a><span about=\"#mwt109\" id=\"mwB04\"> im </span><i about=\"#mwt109\" id=\"mwB08\">Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature</i><span about=\"#mwt109\" id=\"mwB1A\"> der </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internationale_Astronomische_Union\" title=\"Internationale Astronomische Union\" about=\"#mwt109\" id=\"mwB1E\">IAU</a><span about=\"#mwt109\" id=\"mwB1I\"> (WGPSN) / </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Geological_Survey\" title=\"United States Geological Survey\" about=\"#mwt109\" id=\"mwB1M\">USGS</a></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-88\" id=\"cite_note-88\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"88\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwB1Q\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-88\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwB1U\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwB1Y\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-88\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><span class=\"cite\" about=\"#mwt111\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwB1c\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"Internetquelle \",\"href\":\"./Vorlage:Internetquelle\"},\"params\":{\"url\":{\"wt\":\"http://www.kowi.de/desktopdefault.aspx/tabid-434/\"},\"titel\":{\"wt\":\"Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions (MSCA)\"},\"hrsg\":{\"wt\":\"Kooperationsstelle EU der Wissenschaftsorganisationen (KoWi)\"},\"abruf\":{\"wt\":\"2015-08-24\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"http://www.kowi.de/desktopdefault.aspx/tabid-434/\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwB1g\"><i id=\"mwB1k\">Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions (MSCA).</i></a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwB1o\"> </span>Kooperationsstelle EU der Wissenschaftsorganisationen (KoWi)<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwB1s\">,</span><span class=\"Abrufdatum\" id=\"mwB1w\"><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwB10\"> </span>abgerufen am 24.<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwB14\"> </span>August 2015</span>.</span><span style=\"display: none;\" class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fde.wikipedia.org%3AMarie+Curie&amp;rft.title=Marie+Sk%C5%82odowska-Curie+Actions+%28MSCA%29&amp;rft.description=Marie+Sk%C5%82odowska-Curie+Actions+%28MSCA%29&amp;rft.identifier=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kowi.de%2Fdesktopdefault.aspx%2Ftabid-434%2F&amp;rft.publisher=Kooperationsstelle+EU+der+Wissenschaftsorganisationen+%28KoWi%29\" about=\"#mwt111\" id=\"mwB18\"><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwB2A\"> </span></span></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-89\" id=\"cite_note-89\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"89\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwB2E\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-89\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwB2I\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwB2M\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-89\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\">Institut Curie: <i id=\"mwB2Q\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://curie.fr/page/notre-histoire\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwB2U\">Notre histoire</a></i>; abgerufen am 4. Oktober 2017.</span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-90\" id=\"cite_note-90\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"90\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwB2Y\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-90\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwB2c\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwB2g\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-90\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/Feature/5593\" about=\"#mwt114\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwB2k\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"PlanetaryNames\",\"href\":\"./Vorlage:PlanetaryNames\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"5593\"},\"2\":{\"wt\":\"Sklodowska\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'>Sklodowska</a><span about=\"#mwt114\" id=\"mwB2o\"> im </span><i about=\"#mwt114\" id=\"mwB2s\">Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature</i><span about=\"#mwt114\" id=\"mwB2w\"> der </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internationale_Astronomische_Union\" title=\"Internationale Astronomische Union\" about=\"#mwt114\" id=\"mwB20\">IAU</a><span about=\"#mwt114\" id=\"mwB24\"> (WGPSN) / </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Geological_Survey\" title=\"United States Geological Survey\" about=\"#mwt114\" id=\"mwB28\">USGS</a></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-91\" id=\"cite_note-91\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"91\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwB3A\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-91\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwB3E\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwB3I\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-91\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\">Natalie Stegmann: <i id=\"mwB3M\">Marie Curie: Eine Naturwissenschaftlerin im Dickicht historischer Möglichkeiten.</i> In: Bea Lundt, Bärbel Völkel (Hrsg.): <i id=\"mwB3Q\">Outfit und Coming-out: Geschlechterwelten zwischen Mode, Labor und Strich.</i> LIT Verlag, Berlin/Hamburg/Münster 2007, <a href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783825804916\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" class=\"internal mw-magiclink mw-magiclink-isbn\" id=\"mwB3U\">ISBN 978-3-8258-0491-6</a>, S.<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwB3Y\"> </span>37–74.</span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-92\" id=\"cite_note-92\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"92\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwB3c\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-92\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwB3g\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwB3k\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-92\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\">Susan Quinn: <i id=\"mwB3o\">Marie Curie. Eine Biographie.</i> S.<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwB3s\"> </span>9.</span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-93\" id=\"cite_note-93\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"93\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwB3w\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-93\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwB30\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwB34\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-93\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\">Natalie Stegmann: <i id=\"mwB38\">Marie Curie: Eine Naturwissenschaftlerin im Dickicht historischer Möglichkeiten.</i> S.<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwB4A\"> </span>37.</span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-94\" id=\"cite_note-94\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"94\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwB4E\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-94\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwB4I\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwB4M\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-94\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><i id=\"mwB4Q\">Frauen in den Naturwissenschaften</i>. Hamburg 1985; <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"http://www.hs.uni-hamburg.de/DE/GNT/Info/Frauen/HTML-Fertig/FidN.pdf\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwB4U\">PDF-Online, S. 12</a>, abgerufen am 4. Oktober 2017.</span></li>\n</ol></div>\n\n</section></section><section data-mw-section-id=\"26\" id=\"mwB4Y\" aria-labelledby=\"Weiterführende_Literatur\"><div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading2\"><h2 id=\"Weiterführende_Literatur\"><span id=\"Weiterf.C3.BChrende_Literatur\" typeof=\"mw:FallbackId\"></span>Weiterführende Literatur</h2><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">[</span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Marie_Curie&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=26\" title=\"Abschnitt bearbeiten: Weiterführende Literatur\" class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\"><span>Bearbeiten</span></a><span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | </span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Marie_Curie&amp;action=edit&amp;section=26\" title=\"Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Weiterführende Literatur\"><span>Quelltext bearbeiten</span></a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">]</span></span></div>\n<ul id=\"mwB4c\"><li id=\"mwB4g\">Eva Hemmungs Wirtén: <i id=\"mwB4k\">Making Marie Curie: Intellectual Property and Celebrity Culture in an Age of Information.</i> Chicago University Press, Chicago 2015, <a href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780226422503\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" class=\"internal mw-magiclink mw-magiclink-isbn\" id=\"mwB4o\">ISBN 978-0-226-42250-3</a>.</li>\n<li id=\"mwB4s\">Dava Sobel: <i id=\"mwB4w\">The Elements of Marie Curie. How the Glow of Radium Lit a Path for Women in Science.</i> Atlantic Monthly Press, New York City 2024, <a href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780802163820\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" class=\"internal mw-magiclink mw-magiclink-isbn\" id=\"mwB40\">ISBN 978-0-8021-6382-0</a>.</li></ul>\n\n</section><section data-mw-section-id=\"27\" id=\"mwB44\" aria-labelledby=\"Weblinks\"><div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading2\"><h2 id=\"Weblinks\">Weblinks</h2><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">[</span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Marie_Curie&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=27\" title=\"Abschnitt bearbeiten: Weblinks\" class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\"><span>Bearbeiten</span></a><span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | </span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Marie_Curie&amp;action=edit&amp;section=27\" title=\"Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Weblinks\"><span>Quelltext bearbeiten</span></a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">]</span></span></div>\n<div class=\"sisterproject\" style=\"margin:0.1em 0 0 0;\" about=\"#mwt126\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwB48\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"Commonscat\",\"href\":\"./Vorlage:Commonscat\"},\"params\":{\"audio\":{\"wt\":\"1\"},\"video\":{\"wt\":\"1\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'><div class=\"noresize noviewer\" style=\"display:inline-block; line-height:10px;\nmin-width:1.6em; text-align:center;\" aria-hidden=\"true\" role=\"presentation\"><span typeof=\"mw:File\" data-mw='{\"caption\":\"Commons\"}'><span title=\"Commons\"><img resource=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Datei:Commons-logo.svg\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png?utm_source=de.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png?utm_source=de.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" alt=\"\" data-file-width=\"1024\" data-file-height=\"1376\" data-file-type=\"drawing\" height=\"16\" width=\"12\" class=\"mw-file-element\"/></span></span></div><b><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink\" href=\"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Marie_Curie?uselang=de\" class=\"external text\"><span lang=\"en\">Commons</span>: Marie Curie</a></b><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>– Sammlung von Bildern, Videos und Audiodateien</div>\n<div class=\"sisterproject\" style=\"margin:0.1em 0 0 0;\" about=\"#mwt127\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwB5A\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"Wikiquote\",\"href\":\"./Vorlage:Wikiquote\"},\"params\":{},\"i\":0}}]}'><div class=\"noviewer\" style=\"display:inline-block; line-height:10px; min-width:1.6em; text-align:center;\" aria-hidden=\"true\" role=\"presentation\"><span class=\"skin-invert-image\" typeof=\"mw:File\" data-mw='{\"caption\":\"Wikiquote\"}'><span title=\"Wikiquote\"><img resource=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Datei:Wikiquote-logo.svg\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/20px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png?utm_source=de.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/40px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png?utm_source=de.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" alt=\"\" data-file-width=\"300\" data-file-height=\"355\" data-file-type=\"drawing\" height=\"16\" width=\"13\" class=\"mw-file-element\"/></span></span></div><b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink/Interwiki\" href=\"https://de.wikiquote.org/wiki/Marie%20Curie\" title=\"q:Marie Curie\" class=\"extiw\">Wikiquote: Marie Curie</a></b><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>– Zitate </div>\n<div class=\"sisterproject\" style=\"margin:0.1em 0 0 0;\" about=\"#mwt128\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwB5E\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"Wikisource\",\"href\":\"./Vorlage:Wikisource\"},\"params\":{},\"i\":0}}]}'><div class=\"noviewer\" style=\"display:inline-block; line-height:10px; min-width:1.6em; text-align:center;\" aria-hidden=\"true\" role=\"presentation\"><span typeof=\"mw:File\" data-mw='{\"caption\":\"Wikisource\"}'><span title=\"Wikisource\"><img resource=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Datei:Wikisource-logo.svg\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/20px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png?utm_source=de.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/40px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png?utm_source=de.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" alt=\"\" data-file-width=\"410\" data-file-height=\"430\" data-file-type=\"drawing\" height=\"16\" width=\"15\" class=\"mw-file-element\"/></span></span></div><b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink/Interwiki\" href=\"https://de.wikisource.org/wiki/Marie%20Curie\" title=\"s:Marie Curie\" class=\"extiw\">Wikisource: Marie Curie</a></b><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>– Quellen und Volltexte</div>\n<ul id=\"mwB5I\"><li id=\"mwB5M\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1911/summary/\" about=\"#mwt129\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwB5Q\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"Nobel-ch\",\"href\":\"./Vorlage:Nobel-ch\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"1911\"},\"2\":{\"wt\":\"Marie Curie\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'>Informationen</a><span about=\"#mwt129\"> der </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobelpreis\" title=\"Nobelpreis\" about=\"#mwt129\">Nobelstiftung</a><span about=\"#mwt129\"> zur Preisverleihung 1911 an Marie Curie (englisch)</span><span class=\"editoronly\" style=\"display:none;\" about=\"#mwt129\" id=\"mwB5U\"></span></li>\n<li id=\"mwB5Y\">Marie Curie: <i id=\"mwB5c\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1911/marie-curie-lecture.html\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwB5g\">Radium and the New Concepts in Chemistry.</a></i> Nobel-Vortrag anlässlich der Preisverleihung 1911 (englisch)</li>\n<li id=\"mwB5k\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"http://www.aip.org/history/exhibits/curie/contents.htm\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwB5o\"><i id=\"mwB5s\">Marie Curie.</i></a> Biografie auf der Website des <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Institute_of_Physics\" title=\"American Institute of Physics\" id=\"mwB5w\">American Institute of Physics</a> (englisch)</li>\n<li id=\"mwB50\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"http://www.columbia.edu/cu/lweb/eresources/exhibitions/treasures/html/172b.html\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwB54\">Manuskript</a> für die Zeitschrift <i id=\"mwB58\">The Delineator</i> über ihren Amerikaaufenthalt</li>\n<li id=\"mwB6A\">Bert Coursey: <i id=\"mwB6E\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"http://physics.nist.gov/GenInt/Curie/main.html\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwB6I\">Marie Curie and the NBS Radium Standards</a></i> (englisch)</li></ul>\n\n<span class=\"mw-empty-elt\" about=\"#mwt130\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwB6M\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"NaviBlock\\n\",\"href\":\"./Vorlage:NaviBlock\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"Navigationsleiste Träger des Nobelpreises in Physik\\n\"},\"2\":{\"wt\":\"Navigationsleiste Träger des Nobelpreises in Chemie\\n\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'><style data-mw-deduplicate=\"TemplateStyles:r246035994\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles\" about=\"#mwt131\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"BoxenVerschmelzen/styles.css\"}}'>.mw-parser-output div.BoxenVerschmelzen{border-width:1px;border-style:solid;border-left-color:var(--dewiki-rahmenfarbe1);border-right-color:var(--dewiki-rahmenfarbe1);border-top-color:var(--dewiki-rahmenfarbe1);border-bottom-color:var(--dewiki-rahmenfarbe1);clear:both;font-size:95%;margin-top:1.5em;padding-top:2px}.mw-parser-output div.BoxenVerschmelzen div.NavFrame,.mw-parser-output div.BoxenVerschmelzen div.klappleiste{border:none;font-size:100%;margin:0;padding-top:0}</style></span><div class=\"BoxenVerschmelzen \" about=\"#mwt130\" id=\"mwB6Q\">\n<span class=\"mw-empty-elt\"><style data-mw-deduplicate=\"TemplateStyles:r267773889\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles\" about=\"#mwt132\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Vorlage:Klappleiste/styles.css\"}}'>.mw-parser-output div.klappleiste{border:1px solid var(--dewiki-rahmenfarbe1);clear:both;font-size:95%;box-sizing:border-box;margin-top:1.5em;padding:2px}.mw-parser-output div.klappleiste:after{clear:both;content:\"\";display:block}.mw-parser-output div.klappleiste-bild{float:left;padding:2px}.mw-parser-output div.klappleiste-kopf{background:var(--dewiki-hintergrundfarbe5);color:var(--color-base,#202122);text-align:center;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output div.klappleiste.mw-collapsed .klappleiste-bild{display:none}.mw-parser-output div.klappleiste+div.klappleiste,.mw-parser-output div.klappleiste+link+div.klappleiste,.mw-parser-output div.klappleiste+link+link+div.klappleiste,.mw-parser-output div.klappleiste+link+style+div.klappleiste,.mw-parser-output div.klappleiste+style+div.klappleiste,.mw-parser-output div.klappleiste+style+style+div.klappleiste,.mw-parser-output div.klappleiste+style+link+div.klappleiste{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output div.klappleiste+span+div.klappleiste{margin-top:-1px}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .klappleiste-bild span[typeof=\"mw:File\"]:not(.skin-invert-image) img{background-color:#c8ccd1}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .klappleiste-bild span[typeof=\"mw:File\"]:not(.skin-invert-image) img{background-color:#c8ccd1}}</style></span>\n<div class=\"klappleiste mw-collapsible  navileiste navigation-not-searchable center\" role=\"navigation\">\n\n<div class=\"klappleiste-kopf \"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liste_der_Nobelpreisträger_für_Physik\" title=\"Liste der Nobelpreisträger für Physik\">Träger des Nobelpreises für Physik</a></div>\n<div class=\"klappleiste-inhalt mw-collapsible-content \">\n<p>1901:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelm_Conrad_Röntgen\" title=\"Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen\">Röntgen</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">|</span>\n1902:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hendrik_Antoon_Lorentz\" title=\"Hendrik Antoon Lorentz\">Lorentz</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pieter_Zeeman\" title=\"Pieter Zeeman\">Zeeman</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">|</span>\n1903:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henri_Becquerel\" title=\"Henri Becquerel\">Becquerel</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Curie\" class=\"mw-selflink selflink\">M.<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>Curie</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_Curie\" title=\"Pierre Curie\">P.<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>Curie</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">|</span>\n1904:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Strutt,_3._Baron_Rayleigh\" title=\"John Strutt, 3. Baron Rayleigh\">Rayleigh</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">|</span>\n1905:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philipp_Lenard\" title=\"Philipp Lenard\">Lenard</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">|</span>\n1906:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_John_Thomson\" title=\"Joseph John Thomson\">J.<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>J.<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>Thomson</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">|</span>\n1907:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Abraham_Michelson\" title=\"Albert Abraham Michelson\">Michelson</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">|</span>\n1908:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabriel_Lippmann\" title=\"Gabriel Lippmann\">Lippmann</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">|</span>\n1909:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferdinand_Braun\" title=\"Ferdinand Braun\">Braun</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guglielmo_Marconi\" title=\"Guglielmo Marconi\">Marconi</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">|</span>\n1910:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_Diderik_van_der_Waals\" title=\"Johannes Diderik van der Waals\">van<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>der<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>Waals</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">|</span>\n1911:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelm_Wien\" title=\"Wilhelm Wien\">Wien</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">|</span>\n1912:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustaf_Dalén\" title=\"Gustaf Dalén\">Dalén</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">|</span>\n1913:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heike_Kamerlingh_Onnes\" title=\"Heike Kamerlingh Onnes\">Kamerlingh<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>Onnes</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">|</span>\n1914:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_von_Laue\" title=\"Max von Laue\">Laue</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">|</span>\n1915:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Henry_Bragg\" title=\"William Henry Bragg\">W.<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>H.<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>Bragg</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Lawrence_Bragg\" title=\"William Lawrence Bragg\">W.<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>L.<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>Bragg</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">|</span>\n1916:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><i>nicht verliehen</i><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">|</span>\n1917:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Glover_Barkla\" title=\"Charles Glover Barkla\">Barkla</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">|</span>\n1918:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Planck\" title=\"Max Planck\">Planck</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">|</span>\n1919:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_Stark\" title=\"Johannes Stark\">Stark</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">|</span>\n1920:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Édouard_Guillaume\" title=\"Charles Édouard Guillaume\">Guillaume</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">|</span>\n1921:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Einstein\" title=\"Albert Einstein\">Einstein</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">|</span>\n1922:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niels_Bohr\" title=\"Niels Bohr\">N. Bohr</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">|</span>\n1923:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Andrews_Millikan\" title=\"Robert Andrews Millikan\">Millikan</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">|</span>\n1924:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manne_Siegbahn\" title=\"Manne Siegbahn\">M. Siegbahn</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">|</span>\n1925:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Franck\" title=\"James Franck\">Franck</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustav_Hertz\" title=\"Gustav Hertz\">Hertz</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">|</span>\n1926:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Perrin\" title=\"Jean Perrin\">Perrin</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">|</span>\n1927:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_Holly_Compton\" title=\"Arthur Holly Compton\">Compton</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Thomson_Rees_Wilson\" title=\"Charles Thomson Rees Wilson\">C.<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>T.<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>R.<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>Wilson</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">|</span>\n1928:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Owen_Willans_Richardson\" title=\"Owen Willans Richardson\">O. W. Richardson</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">|</span>\n1929:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_de_Broglie\" title=\"Louis de Broglie\">de<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>Broglie</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">|</span>\n1930:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/C._V._Raman\" title=\"C. V. Raman\">Raman</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">|</span>\n1931:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><i>nicht<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>verliehen</i><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">|</span>\n1932:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Werner_Heisenberg\" title=\"Werner Heisenberg\">Heisenberg</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">|</span>\n1933:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erwin_Schrödinger\" title=\"Erwin Schrödinger\">Schrödinger</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Dirac\" title=\"Paul Dirac\">Dirac</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">|</span>\n1934:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><i>nicht verliehen</i><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">|</span>\n1935:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Chadwick\" title=\"James Chadwick\">Chadwick</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">|</span>\n1936:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victor_Franz_Hess\" title=\"Victor Franz Hess\">Hess</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_David_Anderson\" title=\"Carl David Anderson\">C.<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>D.<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>Anderson</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">|</span>\n1937:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clinton_Davisson\" title=\"Clinton Davisson\">Davisson</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Paget_Thomson\" title=\"George Paget Thomson\">G.<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>P.<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>Thomson</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">|</span>\n1938:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enrico_Fermi\" title=\"Enrico Fermi\">Fermi</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">|</span>\n1939:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernest_Lawrence\" title=\"Ernest Lawrence\">Lawrence</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">|</span>\n1940–1942:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><i>nicht verliehen</i><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">|</span>\n1943:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otto_Stern_(Physiker)\" title=\"Otto Stern (Physiker)\">Stern</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">|</span>\n1944:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isidor_Isaac_Rabi\" title=\"Isidor Isaac Rabi\">Rabi</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">|</span>\n1945:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfgang_Pauli\" title=\"Wolfgang Pauli\">Pauli</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">|</span>\n1946:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Percy_Williams_Bridgman\" title=\"Percy Williams Bridgman\">Bridgman</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">|</span>\n1947:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Victor_Appleton\" title=\"Edward Victor Appleton\">Appleton</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">|</span>\n1948:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrick_Blackett,_Baron_Blackett\" title=\"Patrick Blackett, Baron Blackett\">Blackett</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">|</span>\n1949:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hideki_Yukawa\" title=\"Hideki Yukawa\">Yukawa</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">|</span>\n1950:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cecil_Powell\" title=\"Cecil Powell\">Powell</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">|</span>\n1951:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Cockcroft\" title=\"John Cockcroft\">Cockcroft</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernest_Walton\" title=\"Ernest Walton\">Walton</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">|</span>\n1952:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Felix_Bloch\" title=\"Felix Bloch\">Bloch</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Mills_Purcell\" title=\"Edward Mills Purcell\">Purcell</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">|</span>\n1953:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frits_Zernike\" title=\"Frits Zernike\">Zernike</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">|</span>\n1954:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Born\" title=\"Max Born\">Born</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walther_Bothe\" title=\"Walther Bothe\">Bothe</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">|</span>\n1955:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willis_Eugene_Lamb\" title=\"Willis Eugene Lamb\">Lamb</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polykarp_Kusch\" title=\"Polykarp Kusch\">Kusch</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">|</span>\n1956:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Bradford_Shockley\" title=\"William Bradford Shockley\">Shockley</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Bardeen\" title=\"John Bardeen\">Bardeen</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter_Houser_Brattain\" title=\"Walter Houser Brattain\">Brattain</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">|</span>\n1957:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chen_Ning_Yang\" title=\"Chen Ning Yang\">Yang</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsung-Dao_Lee\" title=\"Tsung-Dao Lee\">T.-D.<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>Lee</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">|</span>\n1958:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pawel_Alexejewitsch_Tscherenkow\" title=\"Pawel Alexejewitsch Tscherenkow\">Tscherenkow</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilja_Michailowitsch_Frank\" title=\"Ilja Michailowitsch Frank\">Frank</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igor_Jewgenjewitsch_Tamm\" title=\"Igor Jewgenjewitsch Tamm\">Tamm</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">|</span>\n1959:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emilio_Segrè\" title=\"Emilio Segrè\">Segrè</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Owen_Chamberlain\" title=\"Owen Chamberlain\">Chamberlain</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">|</span>\n1960:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Arthur_Glaser\" title=\"Donald Arthur Glaser\">Glaser</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">|</span>\n1961:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Hofstadter\" title=\"Robert Hofstadter\">Hofstadter</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudolf_Mößbauer\" title=\"Rudolf Mößbauer\">Mößbauer</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">|</span>\n1962:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lew_Dawidowitsch_Landau\" title=\"Lew Dawidowitsch Landau\">Landau</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">|</span>\n1963:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eugene_Paul_Wigner\" title=\"Eugene Paul Wigner\">Wigner</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maria_Goeppert-Mayer\" title=\"Maria Goeppert-Mayer\">Goeppert-Mayer</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_Hans_Daniel_Jensen\" title=\"Johannes Hans Daniel Jensen\">Jensen</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">|</span>\n1964:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Hard_Townes\" title=\"Charles Hard Townes\">Townes</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikolai_Gennadijewitsch_Bassow\" title=\"Nikolai Gennadijewitsch Bassow\">Bassow</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Michailowitsch_Prochorow\" title=\"Alexander Michailowitsch Prochorow\">Prochorow</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">|</span>\n1965:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Feynman\" title=\"Richard Feynman\">Feynman</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julian_Seymour_Schwinger\" title=\"Julian Seymour Schwinger\">Schwinger</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shin’ichirō_Tomonaga\" title=\"Shin’ichirō Tomonaga\">Tomonaga</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">|</span>\n1966:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Kastler\" title=\"Alfred Kastler\">Kastler</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">|</span>\n1967:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans_Bethe\" title=\"Hans Bethe\">Bethe</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">|</span>\n1968:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luis_Walter_Alvarez\" title=\"Luis Walter Alvarez\">Alvarez</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">|</span>\n1969:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murray_Gell-Mann\" title=\"Murray Gell-Mann\">Gell-Mann</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">|</span>\n1970:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hannes_Alfvén\" title=\"Hannes Alfvén\">Alfvén</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Néel\" title=\"Louis Néel\">Néel</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">|</span>\n1971:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dennis_Gábor\" title=\"Dennis Gábor\">Gábor</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">|</span>\n1972:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Bardeen\" title=\"John Bardeen\">Bardeen</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leon_Neil_Cooper\" title=\"Leon Neil Cooper\">Cooper</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Robert_Schrieffer\" title=\"John Robert Schrieffer\">Schrieffer</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">|</span>\n1973:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leo_Esaki\" title=\"Leo Esaki\">Esaki</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivar_Giaever\" title=\"Ivar Giaever\">Giaever</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brian_David_Josephson\" title=\"Brian David Josephson\">Josephson</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">|</span>\n1974:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Ryle\" title=\"Martin Ryle\">Ryle</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antony_Hewish\" title=\"Antony Hewish\">Hewish</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">|</span>\n1975:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aage_Niels_Bohr\" title=\"Aage Niels Bohr\">A. N. Bohr</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ben_Mottelson\" title=\"Ben Mottelson\">Mottelson</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Rainwater\" title=\"James Rainwater\">Rainwater</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">|</span>\n1976:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burton_Richter\" title=\"Burton Richter\">Richter</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel_Chao_Chung_Ting\" title=\"Samuel Chao Chung Ting\">Ting</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">|</span>\n1977:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip_Warren_Anderson\" title=\"Philip Warren Anderson\">P. W. Anderson</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nevill_Francis_Mott\" title=\"Nevill Francis Mott\">Mott</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Hasbrouck_Van_Vleck\" title=\"John Hasbrouck Van Vleck\">Van<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>Vleck</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">|</span>\n1978:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pjotr_Leonidowitsch_Kapiza\" title=\"Pjotr Leonidowitsch Kapiza\">Kapiza</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arno_Penzias\" title=\"Arno Penzias\">Penzias</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Woodrow_Wilson\" title=\"Robert Woodrow Wilson\">R.<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>W.<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>Wilson</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">|</span>\n1979:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sheldon_Lee_Glashow\" title=\"Sheldon Lee Glashow\">Glashow</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdus_Salam\" title=\"Abdus Salam\">Salam</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steven_Weinberg\" title=\"Steven Weinberg\">Weinberg</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">|</span>\n1980:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Cronin\" title=\"James Cronin\">Cronin</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Val_Fitch\" title=\"Val Fitch\">Fitch</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">|</span>\n1981:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolaas_Bloembergen\" title=\"Nicolaas Bloembergen\">Bloembergen</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_Leonard_Schawlow\" title=\"Arthur Leonard Schawlow\">Schawlow</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kai_Siegbahn\" title=\"Kai Siegbahn\">K.<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>Siegbahn</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">|</span>\n1982:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenneth_Wilson\" title=\"Kenneth Wilson\">K. Wilson</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">|</span>\n1983:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subrahmanyan_Chandrasekhar\" title=\"Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar\">Chandrasekhar</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Alfred_Fowler\" title=\"William Alfred Fowler\">Fowler</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">|</span>\n1984:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlo_Rubbia\" title=\"Carlo Rubbia\">Rubbia</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simon_van_der_Meer\" title=\"Simon van der Meer\">van<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>der<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>Meer</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">|</span>\n1985:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klaus_von_Klitzing\" title=\"Klaus von Klitzing\">von Klitzing</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">|</span>\n1986:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernst_Ruska\" title=\"Ernst Ruska\">Ruska</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerd_Binnig\" title=\"Gerd Binnig\">Binnig</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heinrich_Rohrer\" title=\"Heinrich Rohrer\">Rohrer</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">|</span>\n1987:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georg_Bednorz\" title=\"Georg Bednorz\">Bednorz</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Alexander_Müller\" title=\"Karl Alexander Müller\">Müller</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">|</span>\n1988:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leon_Max_Lederman\" title=\"Leon Max Lederman\">Lederman</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melvin_Schwartz\" title=\"Melvin Schwartz\">Schwartz</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_Steinberger\" title=\"Jack Steinberger\">Steinberger</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">|</span>\n1989:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfgang_Paul_(Physiker)\" title=\"Wolfgang Paul (Physiker)\">Paul</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans_Georg_Dehmelt\" title=\"Hans Georg Dehmelt\">Dehmelt</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norman_Ramsey\" title=\"Norman Ramsey\">Ramsey</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">|</span>\n1990:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerome_Isaac_Friedman\" title=\"Jerome Isaac Friedman\">Friedman</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Way_Kendall\" title=\"Henry Way Kendall\">Kendall</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Edward_Taylor\" title=\"Richard Edward Taylor\">R. E. Taylor</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">|</span>\n1991:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre-Gilles_de_Gennes\" title=\"Pierre-Gilles de Gennes\">de<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>Gennes</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">|</span>\n1992:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georges_Charpak\" title=\"Georges Charpak\">Charpak</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">|</span>\n1993:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russell_Hulse\" title=\"Russell Hulse\">Hulse</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Hooton_Taylor,_Jr.\" title=\"Joseph Hooton Taylor, Jr.\">J.<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>H.<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>Taylor</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">|</span>\n1994:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bertram_Brockhouse\" title=\"Bertram Brockhouse\">Brockhouse</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clifford_Shull\" title=\"Clifford Shull\">Shull</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">|</span>\n1995:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Lewis_Perl\" title=\"Martin Lewis Perl\">Perl</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Reines\" title=\"Frederick Reines\">Reines</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">|</span>\n1996:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Morris_Lee\" title=\"David Morris Lee\">D. M. Lee</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douglas_Dean_Osheroff\" title=\"Douglas Dean Osheroff\">Osheroff</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Coleman_Richardson\" title=\"Robert Coleman Richardson\">R.<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>C.<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>Richardson</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">|</span>\n1997:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steven_Chu\" title=\"Steven Chu\">Chu</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claude_Cohen-Tannoudji\" title=\"Claude Cohen-Tannoudji\">Cohen-Tannoudji</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Daniel_Phillips\" title=\"William Daniel Phillips\">Phillips</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">|</span>\n1998:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Betts_Laughlin\" title=\"Robert Betts Laughlin\">Laughlin</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horst_Ludwig_Störmer\" title=\"Horst Ludwig Störmer\">Störmer</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Chee_Tsui\" title=\"Daniel Chee Tsui\">Tsui</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">|</span>\n1999:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerard_’t_Hooft\" title=\"Gerard ’t Hooft\">’t<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>Hooft</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martinus_J._G._Veltman\" title=\"Martinus J. G. Veltman\">Veltman</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">|</span>\n2000:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schores_Iwanowitsch_Alfjorow\" title=\"Schores Iwanowitsch Alfjorow\">Alfjorow</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbert_Kroemer\" title=\"Herbert Kroemer\">Kroemer</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_Kilby\" title=\"Jack Kilby\">Kilby</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">|</span>\n2001:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric_Allin_Cornell\" title=\"Eric Allin Cornell\">Cornell</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfgang_Ketterle\" title=\"Wolfgang Ketterle\">Ketterle</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Edwin_Wieman\" title=\"Carl Edwin Wieman\">Wieman</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">|</span>\n2002:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raymond_Davis_junior\" title=\"Raymond Davis junior\">Davis Jr.</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masatoshi_Koshiba\" title=\"Masatoshi Koshiba\">Koshiba</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riccardo_Giacconi\" title=\"Riccardo Giacconi\">Giacconi</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">|</span>\n2003:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexei_Alexejewitsch_Abrikossow\" title=\"Alexei Alexejewitsch Abrikossow\">Abrikossow</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Witali_Lasarewitsch_Ginsburg\" title=\"Witali Lasarewitsch Ginsburg\">Ginsburg</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthony_James_Leggett\" title=\"Anthony James Leggett\">Leggett</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">|</span>\n2004:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Gross\" title=\"David Gross\">Gross</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Politzer\" title=\"David Politzer\">Politzer</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Wilczek\" title=\"Frank Wilczek\">Wilczek</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">|</span>\n2005:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roy_Jay_Glauber\" title=\"Roy Jay Glauber\">Glauber</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Lewis_Hall\" title=\"John Lewis Hall\">Hall</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theodor_Hänsch\" title=\"Theodor Hänsch\">Hänsch</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">|</span>\n2006:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Cromwell_Mather\" title=\"John Cromwell Mather\">Mather</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Smoot\" title=\"George Smoot\">Smoot</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">|</span>\n2007:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Fert\" title=\"Albert Fert\">Fert</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Grünberg\" title=\"Peter Grünberg\">Grünberg</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">|</span>\n2008:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yōichirō_Nambu\" title=\"Yōichirō Nambu\">Nambu</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makoto_Kobayashi_(Physiker)\" title=\"Makoto Kobayashi (Physiker)\">Kobayashi</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshihide_Masukawa\" title=\"Toshihide Masukawa\">Maskawa</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">|</span>\n2009:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Kuen_Kao\" title=\"Charles Kuen Kao\">Kao</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willard_Boyle\" title=\"Willard Boyle\">Boyle</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_E._Smith\" title=\"George E. Smith\">Smith</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">|</span>\n2010:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andre_Geim\" title=\"Andre Geim\">Geim</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konstantin_Novoselov\" title=\"Konstantin Novoselov\">Novoselov</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">|</span>\n2011:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saul_Perlmutter\" title=\"Saul Perlmutter\">Perlmutter</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brian_P._Schmidt\" title=\"Brian P. Schmidt\">Schmidt</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_Riess\" title=\"Adam Riess\">Riess</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">|</span>\n2012:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serge_Haroche\" title=\"Serge Haroche\">Haroche</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Wineland\" title=\"David Wineland\">Wineland</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">|</span>\n2013:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/François_Englert\" title=\"François Englert\">Englert</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Higgs\" title=\"Peter Higgs\">Higgs</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">|</span>\n2014:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isamu_Akasaki\" title=\"Isamu Akasaki\">Akasaki</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiroshi_Amano\" title=\"Hiroshi Amano\">Amano</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shuji_Nakamura\" title=\"Shuji Nakamura\">Nakamura</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">|</span>\n2015:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Takaaki_Kajita\" title=\"Takaaki Kajita\">Kajita</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_McDonald\" title=\"Arthur McDonald\">McDonald</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">|</span>\n2016:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_J._Thouless\" title=\"David J. Thouless\">Thouless</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/F._Duncan_M._Haldane\" title=\"F. Duncan M. Haldane\">Haldane</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/J._Michael_Kosterlitz\" title=\"J. Michael Kosterlitz\">Kosterlitz</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">|</span>\n2017:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barry_Barish\" title=\"Barry Barish\">Barish</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kip_Thorne\" title=\"Kip Thorne\">Thorne</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rainer_Weiss\" title=\"Rainer Weiss\">Weiss</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">|</span>\n2018:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_Ashkin\" title=\"Arthur Ashkin\">Ashkin</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gérard_Mourou\" title=\"Gérard Mourou\">Mourou</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donna_Strickland\" title=\"Donna Strickland\">Strickland</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">|</span>\n2019:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Peebles\" title=\"James Peebles\">Peebles</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michel_Mayor\" title=\"Michel Mayor\">Mayor</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Didier_Queloz\" title=\"Didier Queloz\">Queloz</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">|</span>\n2020:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_Penrose\" title=\"Roger Penrose\">Penrose</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reinhard_Genzel\" title=\"Reinhard Genzel\">Genzel</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrea_Ghez\" title=\"Andrea Ghez\">Ghez</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">|</span>\n2021:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syukuro_Manabe\" title=\"Syukuro Manabe\">Manabe</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klaus_Hasselmann\" title=\"Klaus Hasselmann\">Hasselmann</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giorgio_Parisi\" title=\"Giorgio Parisi\">Parisi</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">|</span>\n2022:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alain_Aspect\" title=\"Alain Aspect\">Aspect</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Clauser\" title=\"John Clauser\">Clauser</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anton_Zeilinger\" title=\"Anton Zeilinger\">Zeilinger</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">|</span>\n2023:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_Agostini\" title=\"Pierre Agostini\">Agostini</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferenc_Krausz\" title=\"Ferenc Krausz\">Krausz</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anne_L’Huillier\" title=\"Anne L’Huillier\">L’Huillier</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">|</span>\n2024:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Hopfield\" title=\"John Hopfield\">Hopfield</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geoffrey_Hinton\" title=\"Geoffrey Hinton\">Hinton</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">|</span>\n2025:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Clarke_(Physiker)\" title=\"John Clarke (Physiker)\">Clarke</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michel_Devoret\" title=\"Michel Devoret\">Devoret</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_M._Martinis\" title=\"John M. Martinis\">Martinis</a></p>\n</div></div><span class=\"mw-empty-elt\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r267773889\" about=\"#mwt133\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Vorlage:Klappleiste/styles.css\"}}'/></span>\n<div class=\"klappleiste mw-collapsible  navileiste navigation-not-searchable center\" role=\"navigation\">\n\n<div class=\"klappleiste-kopf \"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liste_der_Nobelpreisträger_für_Chemie\" title=\"Liste der Nobelpreisträger für Chemie\">Träger des Nobelpreises für Chemie</a></div>\n<div class=\"klappleiste-inhalt mw-collapsible-content \">\n<p>1901:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacobus_Henricus_van_’t_Hoff\" title=\"Jacobus Henricus van ’t Hoff\">van ’t Hoff</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">|</span>\n1902:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emil_Fischer\" title=\"Emil Fischer\">E. Fischer</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">|</span>\n1903:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svante_Arrhenius\" title=\"Svante Arrhenius\">Arrhenius</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">|</span>\n1904:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Ramsay\" title=\"William Ramsay\">Ramsay</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">|</span>\n1905:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adolf_von_Baeyer\" title=\"Adolf von Baeyer\">von Baeyer</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">|</span>\n1906:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henri_Moissan\" title=\"Henri Moissan\">Moissan</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">|</span>\n1907:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eduard_Buchner\" title=\"Eduard Buchner\">Buchner</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">|</span>\n1908:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernest_Rutherford\" title=\"Ernest Rutherford\">Rutherford</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">|</span>\n1909:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelm_Ostwald\" title=\"Wilhelm Ostwald\">Ostwald</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">|</span>\n1910:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otto_Wallach\" title=\"Otto Wallach\">Wallach</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">|</span>\n1911:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Curie\" class=\"mw-selflink selflink\">Curie</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">|</span>\n1912:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victor_Grignard\" title=\"Victor Grignard\">Grignard</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Sabatier_(Chemiker)\" title=\"Paul Sabatier (Chemiker)\">Sabatier</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">|</span>\n1913:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Werner_(Chemiker)\" title=\"Alfred Werner (Chemiker)\">Werner</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">|</span>\n1914:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theodore_William_Richards\" title=\"Theodore William Richards\">Richards</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">|</span>\n1915:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Willstätter\" title=\"Richard Willstätter\">Willstätter</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">|</span>\n1916–1917:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><i>nicht verliehen</i><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">|</span>\n1918:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fritz_Haber\" title=\"Fritz Haber\">Haber</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">|</span>\n1919:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><i>nicht verliehen</i><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">|</span>\n1920:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walther_Nernst\" title=\"Walther Nernst\">Nernst</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">|</span>\n1921:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Soddy\" title=\"Frederick Soddy\">Soddy</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">|</span>\n1922:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_William_Aston\" title=\"Francis William Aston\">Aston</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">|</span>\n1923:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fritz_Pregl\" title=\"Fritz Pregl\">Pregl</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">|</span>\n1924:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><i>nicht verliehen</i><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">|</span>\n1925:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Zsigmondy\" title=\"Richard Zsigmondy\">Zsigmondy</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">|</span>\n1926:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Svedberg\" title=\"The Svedberg\">Svedberg</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">|</span>\n1927:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heinrich_Wieland\" title=\"Heinrich Wieland\">Wieland</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">|</span>\n1928:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adolf_Windaus\" title=\"Adolf Windaus\">Windaus</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">|</span>\n1929:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_Harden\" title=\"Arthur Harden\">Harden</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans_von_Euler-Chelpin\" title=\"Hans von Euler-Chelpin\">von Euler-Chelpin</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">|</span>\n1930:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans_Fischer_(Chemiker)\" title=\"Hans Fischer (Chemiker)\">H. Fischer</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">|</span>\n1931:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Bosch\" title=\"Carl Bosch\">Bosch</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friedrich_Bergius\" title=\"Friedrich Bergius\">Bergius</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">|</span>\n1932:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irving_Langmuir\" title=\"Irving Langmuir\">Langmuir</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">|</span>\n1933:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><i>nicht verliehen</i><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">|</span>\n1934:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harold_C._Urey\" title=\"Harold C. Urey\">Urey</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">|</span>\n1935:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frédéric_Joliot-Curie\" title=\"Frédéric Joliot-Curie\">F. Joliot-Curie</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irène_Joliot-Curie\" title=\"Irène Joliot-Curie\">I. Joliot-Curie</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">|</span>\n1936:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Debye\" title=\"Peter Debye\">Debye</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">|</span>\n1937:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter_Norman_Haworth\" title=\"Walter Norman Haworth\">Haworth</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Karrer\" title=\"Paul Karrer\">Karrer</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">|</span>\n1938:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Kuhn\" title=\"Richard Kuhn\">Kuhn</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">|</span>\n1939:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adolf_Butenandt\" title=\"Adolf Butenandt\">Butenandt</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">|</span>\n1940–1942:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><i>nicht verliehen</i><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">|</span>\n1943:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_de_Hevesy\" title=\"George de Hevesy\">de Hevesy</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">|</span>\n1944:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otto_Hahn\" title=\"Otto Hahn\">Hahn</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">|</span>\n1945:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artturi_Ilmari_Virtanen\" title=\"Artturi Ilmari Virtanen\">Virtanen</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">|</span>\n1946:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Batcheller_Sumner\" title=\"James Batcheller Sumner\">Sumner</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Howard_Northrop\" title=\"John Howard Northrop\">Northrop</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wendell_Meredith_Stanley\" title=\"Wendell Meredith Stanley\">Stanley</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">|</span>\n1947:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Robinson\" title=\"Robert Robinson\">Robinson</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">|</span>\n1948:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arne_Tiselius\" title=\"Arne Tiselius\">Tiselius</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">|</span>\n1949:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Francis_Giauque\" title=\"William Francis Giauque\">Giauque</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">|</span>\n1950:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otto_Diels\" title=\"Otto Diels\">Diels</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurt_Alder\" title=\"Kurt Alder\">Alder</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">|</span>\n1951:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edwin_Mattison_McMillan\" title=\"Edwin Mattison McMillan\">McMillan</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glenn_T._Seaborg\" title=\"Glenn T. Seaborg\">Seaborg</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">|</span>\n1952:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archer_J._P._Martin\" title=\"Archer J. P. Martin\">Martin</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_L._M._Synge\" title=\"Richard L. M. Synge\">Synge</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">|</span>\n1953:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermann_Staudinger\" title=\"Hermann Staudinger\">Staudinger</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">|</span>\n1954:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linus_Pauling\" title=\"Linus Pauling\">Pauling</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">|</span>\n1955:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vincent_du_Vigneaud\" title=\"Vincent du Vigneaud\">Vigneaud</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">|</span>\n1956:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyril_Norman_Hinshelwood\" title=\"Cyril Norman Hinshelwood\">Hinshelwood</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikolai_Nikolajewitsch_Semjonow\" title=\"Nikolai Nikolajewitsch Semjonow\">Semjonow</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">|</span>\n1957:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Robertus_Todd\" title=\"Alexander Robertus Todd\">Todd</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">|</span>\n1958:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Sanger\" title=\"Frederick Sanger\">Sanger</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">|</span>\n1959:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaroslav_Heyrovský\" title=\"Jaroslav Heyrovský\">Heyrovský</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">|</span>\n1960:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willard_Libby\" title=\"Willard Libby\">Libby</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">|</span>\n1961:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melvin_Calvin\" title=\"Melvin Calvin\">Calvin</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">|</span>\n1962:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Ferdinand_Perutz\" title=\"Max Ferdinand Perutz\">Perutz</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Cowdery_Kendrew\" title=\"John Cowdery Kendrew\">Kendrew</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">|</span>\n1963:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Ziegler\" title=\"Karl Ziegler\">Ziegler</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giulio_Natta\" title=\"Giulio Natta\">Natta</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">|</span>\n1964:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dorothy_Crowfoot_Hodgkin\" title=\"Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin\">Hodgkin</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">|</span>\n1965:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_B._Woodward\" title=\"Robert B. Woodward\">Woodward</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">|</span>\n1966:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Mulliken\" title=\"Robert Mulliken\">Mulliken</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">|</span>\n1967:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manfred_Eigen\" title=\"Manfred Eigen\">Eigen</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ronald_George_Wreyford_Norrish\" title=\"Ronald George Wreyford Norrish\">Norrish</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Porter,_Baron_Porter_of_Luddenham\" title=\"George Porter, Baron Porter of Luddenham\">Porter</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">|</span>\n1968:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lars_Onsager\" title=\"Lars Onsager\">Onsager</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">|</span>\n1969:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Derek_H._R._Barton\" title=\"Derek H. R. Barton\">Barton</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odd_Hassel\" title=\"Odd Hassel\">Hassel</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">|</span>\n1970:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luis_Federico_Leloir\" title=\"Luis Federico Leloir\">Leloir</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">|</span>\n1971:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerhard_Herzberg\" title=\"Gerhard Herzberg\">Herzberg</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">|</span>\n1972:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_B._Anfinsen\" title=\"Christian B. Anfinsen\">Anfinsen</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanford_Moore\" title=\"Stanford Moore\">Moore</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Howard_Stein\" title=\"William Howard Stein\">Stein</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">|</span>\n1973:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernst_Otto_Fischer\" title=\"Ernst Otto Fischer\">E. O. Fischer</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geoffrey_Wilkinson\" title=\"Geoffrey Wilkinson\">Wilkinson</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">|</span>\n1974:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Flory\" title=\"Paul Flory\">Flory</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">|</span>\n1975:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_W._Cornforth\" title=\"John W. Cornforth\">Cornforth</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Prelog\" title=\"Vladimir Prelog\">Prelog</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">|</span>\n1976:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Lipscomb\" title=\"William Lipscomb\">Lipscomb</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">|</span>\n1977:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilya_Prigogine\" title=\"Ilya Prigogine\">Prigogine</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">|</span>\n1978:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_D._Mitchell\" title=\"Peter D. Mitchell\">Mitchell</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">|</span>\n1979:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbert_Charles_Brown\" title=\"Herbert Charles Brown\">Brown</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georg_Wittig\" title=\"Georg Wittig\">Wittig</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">|</span>\n1980:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Berg\" title=\"Paul Berg\">Berg</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter_Gilbert\" title=\"Walter Gilbert\">Gilbert</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Sanger\" title=\"Frederick Sanger\">Sanger</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">|</span>\n1981:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenichi_Fukui\" title=\"Kenichi Fukui\">Fukui</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roald_Hoffmann\" title=\"Roald Hoffmann\">Hoffmann</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">|</span>\n1982:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aaron_Klug\" title=\"Aaron Klug\">Klug</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">|</span>\n1983:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Taube\" title=\"Henry Taube\">Taube</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">|</span>\n1984:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Bruce_Merrifield\" title=\"Robert Bruce Merrifield\">Merrifield</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">|</span>\n1985:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbert_A._Hauptman\" title=\"Herbert A. Hauptman\">Hauptman</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerome_Karle\" title=\"Jerome Karle\">Karle</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">|</span>\n1986:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dudley_R._Herschbach\" title=\"Dudley R. Herschbach\">Herschbach</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yuan_T._Lee\" title=\"Yuan T. Lee\">Lee</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_C._Polanyi\" title=\"John C. Polanyi\">Polanyi</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">|</span>\n1987:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_J._Cram\" title=\"Donald J. Cram\">Cram</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Marie_Lehn\" title=\"Jean-Marie Lehn\">Lehn</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Pedersen\" title=\"Charles Pedersen\">Pedersen</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">|</span>\n1988:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johann_Deisenhofer\" title=\"Johann Deisenhofer\">Deisenhofer</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Huber\" title=\"Robert Huber\">Huber</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hartmut_Michel\" title=\"Hartmut Michel\">Michel</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">|</span>\n1989:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sidney_Altman\" title=\"Sidney Altman\">Altman</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_R._Cech\" title=\"Thomas R. Cech\">Cech</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">|</span>\n1990:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elias_James_Corey\" title=\"Elias James Corey\">Corey</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">|</span>\n1991:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_R._Ernst\" title=\"Richard R. Ernst\">Ernst</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">|</span>\n1992:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudolph_Arthur_Marcus\" title=\"Rudolph Arthur Marcus\">Marcus</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">|</span>\n1993:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kary_Mullis\" title=\"Kary Mullis\">Mullis</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Smith_(Chemiker)\" title=\"Michael Smith (Chemiker)\">Smith</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">|</span>\n1994:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_A._Olah\" title=\"George A. Olah\">Olah</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">|</span>\n1995:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_J._Crutzen\" title=\"Paul J. Crutzen\">Crutzen</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mario_J._Molina\" title=\"Mario J. Molina\">Molina</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Sherwood_Rowland\" title=\"Frank Sherwood Rowland\">Rowland</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">|</span>\n1996:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_F._Curl\" title=\"Robert F. Curl\">Curl</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harold_Kroto\" title=\"Harold Kroto\">Kroto</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_E._Smalley\" title=\"Richard E. Smalley\">Smalley</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">|</span>\n1997:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Delos_Boyer\" title=\"Paul Delos Boyer\">Boyer</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_E._Walker\" title=\"John E. Walker\">Walker</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jens_Christian_Skou\" title=\"Jens Christian Skou\">Skou</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">|</span>\n1998:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter_Kohn\" title=\"Walter Kohn\">Kohn</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Anthony_Pople\" title=\"John Anthony Pople\">Pople</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">|</span>\n1999:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmed_Zewail\" title=\"Ahmed Zewail\">Zewail</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">|</span>\n2000:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_J._Heeger\" title=\"Alan J. Heeger\">Heeger</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_MacDiarmid\" title=\"Alan MacDiarmid\">MacDiarmid</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hideki_Shirakawa\" title=\"Hideki Shirakawa\">Shirakawa</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">|</span>\n2001:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_S._Knowles\" title=\"William S. Knowles\">Knowles</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ryōji_Noyori\" title=\"Ryōji Noyori\">Noyori</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barry_Sharpless\" title=\"Barry Sharpless\">Sharpless</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">|</span>\n2002:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_B._Fenn\" title=\"John B. Fenn\">Fenn</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kōichi_Tanaka\" title=\"Kōichi Tanaka\">Tanaka</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurt_Wüthrich\" title=\"Kurt Wüthrich\">Wüthrich</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">|</span>\n2003:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Agre\" title=\"Peter Agre\">Agre</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roderick_MacKinnon\" title=\"Roderick MacKinnon\">MacKinnon</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">|</span>\n2004:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aaron_Ciechanover\" title=\"Aaron Ciechanover\">Ciechanover</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avram_Hershko\" title=\"Avram Hershko\">Hershko</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irwin_Rose\" title=\"Irwin Rose\">Rose</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">|</span>\n2005:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yves_Chauvin\" title=\"Yves Chauvin\">Chauvin</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Grubbs\" title=\"Robert Grubbs\">Grubbs</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_R._Schrock\" title=\"Richard R. Schrock\">Schrock</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">|</span>\n2006:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_D._Kornberg\" title=\"Roger D. Kornberg\">Kornberg</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">|</span>\n2007:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerhard_Ertl\" title=\"Gerhard Ertl\">Ertl</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">|</span>\n2008:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osamu_Shimomura\" title=\"Osamu Shimomura\">Shimomura</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Chalfie\" title=\"Martin Chalfie\">Chalfie</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_Tsien\" title=\"Roger Tsien\">Tsien</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">|</span>\n2009:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venkatraman_Ramakrishnan\" title=\"Venkatraman Ramakrishnan\">Ramakrishnan</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_A._Steitz\" title=\"Thomas A. Steitz\">Steitz</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Yonath\" title=\"Ada Yonath\">Yonath</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">|</span>\n2010:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_F._Heck\" title=\"Richard F. Heck\">Heck</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ei-ichi_Negishi\" title=\"Ei-ichi Negishi\">Negishi</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akira_Suzuki\" title=\"Akira Suzuki\">Suzuki</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">|</span>\n2011:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dan_Shechtman\" title=\"Dan Shechtman\">Shechtman</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">|</span>\n2012:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Lefkowitz\" title=\"Robert Lefkowitz\">Lefkowitz</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brian_Kobilka\" title=\"Brian Kobilka\">Kobilka</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">|</span>\n2013:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Karplus\" title=\"Martin Karplus\">Karplus</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Levitt\" title=\"Michael Levitt\">Levitt</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arieh_Warshel\" title=\"Arieh Warshel\">Warshel</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">|</span>\n2014:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric_Betzig\" title=\"Eric Betzig\">Betzig</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stefan_Hell\" title=\"Stefan Hell\">Hell</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Moerner\" title=\"William Moerner\">Moerner</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">|</span>\n2015:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tomas_Lindahl\" title=\"Tomas Lindahl\">Lindahl</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Modrich\" title=\"Paul Modrich\">Modrich</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aziz_Sancar\" title=\"Aziz Sancar\">Sancar</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">|</span>\n2016:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Pierre_Sauvage\" title=\"Jean-Pierre Sauvage\">Sauvage</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fraser_Stoddart\" title=\"Fraser Stoddart\">Stoddart</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ben_Feringa\" title=\"Ben Feringa\">Feringa</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">|</span>\n2017:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_Dubochet\" title=\"Jacques Dubochet\">Dubochet</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joachim_Frank_(Biologe)\" title=\"Joachim Frank (Biologe)\">Frank</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Henderson\" title=\"Richard Henderson\">Henderson</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">|</span>\n2018:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frances_H._Arnold\" title=\"Frances H. Arnold\">Arnold</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_P._Smith\" title=\"George P. Smith\">Smith</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregory_Winter\" title=\"Gregory Winter\">Winter</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">|</span>\n2019:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_B._Goodenough\" title=\"John B. Goodenough\">Goodenough</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/M._Stanley_Whittingham\" title=\"M. Stanley Whittingham\">Whittingham</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akira_Yoshino\" title=\"Akira Yoshino\">Yoshino</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">|</span>\n2020:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emmanuelle_Charpentier\" title=\"Emmanuelle Charpentier\">Charpentier</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jennifer_A._Doudna\" title=\"Jennifer A. Doudna\">Doudna</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">|</span>\n2021:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_List\" title=\"Benjamin List\">List</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_MacMillan_(Chemiker)\" title=\"David MacMillan (Chemiker)\">MacMillan</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">|</span>\n2022:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carolyn_Bertozzi\" title=\"Carolyn Bertozzi\">Bertozzi</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morten_P._Meldal\" title=\"Morten P. Meldal\">Meldal</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barry_Sharpless\" title=\"Barry Sharpless\">Sharpless</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">|</span>\n2023:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moungi_Bawendi\" title=\"Moungi Bawendi\">Bawendi</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Brus\" title=\"Louis Brus\">Brus</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexei_Iwanowitsch_Jekimow\" title=\"Alexei Iwanowitsch Jekimow\">Jekimow</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">|</span>\n2024:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Baker_(Biochemiker)\" title=\"David Baker (Biochemiker)\">Baker</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demis_Hassabis\" title=\"Demis Hassabis\">Hassabis</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_M._Jumper\" title=\"John M. Jumper\">Jumper</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">|</span>\n2025:<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susumu_Kitagawa\" title=\"Susumu Kitagawa\">Kitagawa</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Robson_(Chemiker)\" title=\"Richard Robson (Chemiker)\">Robson</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omar_Yaghi\" title=\"Omar Yaghi\">Yaghi</a></p>\n</div></div>\n</div>\n\n<span typeof=\"mw:Nowiki mw:Transclusion\" about=\"#mwt134\" id=\"mwB6U\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"Exzellent\",\"href\":\"./Vorlage:Exzellent\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"3. 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loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Qsicon_Exzellent.svg/60px-Qsicon_Exzellent.svg.png?utm_source=de.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" alt=\"\" data-file-width=\"24\" data-file-height=\"24\" data-file-type=\"drawing\" height=\"24\" width=\"24\" class=\"mw-file-element\"/></a></span></div>\n<div style=\"display: table-cell; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%;\">\n<div role=\"contentinfo\">\nDieser Artikel wurde am 3.<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>August 2009 in <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spezial:Permanenter_Link/62924059\" title=\"Spezial:Permanenter Link/62924059\">dieser Version</a> in die Liste der <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Exzellente_Artikel\" title=\"Wikipedia:Exzellente Artikel\">exzellenten Artikel</a> aufgenommen.</div>\n</div></div><meta typeof=\"mw:Extension/indicator\" about=\"#mwt134\" id=\"mwB6Y\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"indicator\",\"attrs\":{\"name\":\"topicon-Vorlage_Exzellent\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"&lt;div class=\\\"noprint\\\">[[Datei:Qsicon Exzellent.svg|15x15px|link=#Vorlage_Exzellent|Dies ist ein als exzellent ausgezeichneter Artikel.]]&lt;/div>\"}}'/><link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Kategorie:Wikipedia:Exzellent\" about=\"#mwt134\" id=\"mwB6c\"/>\n\n<div class=\"hintergrundfarbe1 rahmenfarbe1 navigation-not-searchable  normdaten-typ-p\" style=\"border-style: solid; border-width: 1px; clear: left;   margin-bottom:1em; margin-top:1em; padding: 0.25em; overflow: hidden; word-break: break-word; word-wrap: break-word; \" id=\"normdaten\" about=\"#mwt136\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"Normdaten\",\"href\":\"./Vorlage:Normdaten\"},\"params\":{\"TYP\":{\"wt\":\"p\"},\"GND\":{\"wt\":\"118523023\"},\"LCCN\":{\"wt\":\"n80155913\"},\"NDL\":{\"wt\":\"00437030\"},\"VIAF\":{\"wt\":\"76353174\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'>\n<div style=\"display: table-cell; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%;\">\n<div>\nNormdaten<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>(Person): <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei\" title=\"Gemeinsame Normdatei\">GND</a>: <span class=\"plainlinks-print\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://d-nb.info/gnd/118523023\" class=\"external text\">118523023</a></span> <span class=\"noprint\"> (<a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://lobid.org/gnd/118523023\" class=\"external text\">lobid</a>, <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://explore.gnd.network/gnd/118523023\" class=\"external text\">GND Explorer</a>, <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://swb.bsz-bw.de/DB=2.104/SET=1/TTL=1/CMD?retrace=0&amp;trm_old=&amp;ACT=SRCHA&amp;IKT=2999&amp;SRT=RLV&amp;TRM=118523023\" class=\"external text\">OGND</a><span class=\"metadata\">, <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://prometheus.lmu.de/gnd/118523023\" class=\"external text\">AKS</a></span>)</span>  <span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">|</span> <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number\" title=\"Library of Congress Control Number\">LCCN</a>: <span class=\"plainlinks-print\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n80155913\" class=\"external text\">n80155913</a></span> <span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">|</span> <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_NDL_Authorities\" title=\"Web NDL Authorities\">NDL</a>: <span class=\"plainlinks-print\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00437030\" class=\"external text\">00437030</a></span> <span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">|</span> <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_International_Authority_File\" title=\"Virtual International Authority File\">VIAF</a>: <span class=\"plainlinks-print\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://viaf.org/viaf/76353174/\" class=\"external text\">76353174</a></span> <span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">|</span> <span class=\"noprint\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink\" href=\"https://persondata.toolforge.org/p/Marie_Curie\" class=\"external text\">Wikipedia-Personensuche</a></span><span class=\"metadata\"></span></div>\n</div></div>\n\n<span about=\"#mwt137\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwB6g\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"SORTIERUNG:Curie, Marie\",\"function\":\"defaultsort\"},\"params\":{},\"i\":0}}]}'></span>\n<link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Kategorie:Marie_Curie#%20\" id=\"mwB6k\"/>\n<link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Kategorie:Entdecker_eines_chemischen_Elements\" id=\"mwB6o\"/>\n<link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Kategorie:Nobelpreisträger_für_Physik\" id=\"mwB6s\"/>\n<link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Kategorie:Nobelpreisträger_für_Chemie\" id=\"mwB6w\"/>\n<link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Kategorie:Hochschullehrer_(Sorbonne)\" id=\"mwB60\"/>\n<link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Kategorie:Kernphysiker\" id=\"mwB64\"/>\n<link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Kategorie:Kernchemiker\" id=\"mwB68\"/>\n<link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Kategorie:Physiker_(19._Jahrhundert)\" id=\"mwB7A\"/>\n<link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Kategorie:Physiker_(20._Jahrhundert)\" id=\"mwB7E\"/>\n<link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Kategorie:Chemiker_(19._Jahrhundert)\" id=\"mwB7I\"/>\n<link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Kategorie:Chemiker_(20._Jahrhundert)\" id=\"mwB7M\"/>\n<link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Kategorie:Mitglied_der_Académie_nationale_de_médecine\" id=\"mwB7Q\"/>\n<link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Kategorie:Mitglied_der_Königlich_Niederländischen_Akademie_der_Wissenschaften\" id=\"mwB7U\"/>\n<link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Kategorie:Ehrenmitglied_der_Russischen_Akademie_der_Wissenschaften\" id=\"mwB7Y\"/>\n<link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Kategorie:Mitglied_der_Leopoldina_(20._Jahrhundert)\" id=\"mwB7c\"/>\n<link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Kategorie:Mitglied_der_American_Philosophical_Society\" id=\"mwB7g\"/>\n<link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Kategorie:Ehrenbürger_von_Warschau\" id=\"mwB7k\"/>\n<link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Kategorie:Ehrendoktor_der_Technischen_Universität_Warschau\" id=\"mwB7o\"/>\n<link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Kategorie:Ehrendoktor_der_Nationalen_Polytechnischen_Universität_Lwiw\" id=\"mwB7s\"/>\n<link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Kategorie:Namensgeber_für_ein_chemisches_Element\" id=\"mwB7w\"/>\n<link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Kategorie:Namensgeber_für_eine_Universität\" id=\"mwB70\"/>\n<link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Kategorie:Pierre_Curie\" id=\"mwB74\"/>\n<link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Kategorie:Emigrant_aus_dem_Russischen_Kaiserreich\" id=\"mwB78\"/>\n<link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Kategorie:Person_im_Ersten_Weltkrieg_(Frankreich)\" id=\"mwB8A\"/>\n<link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Kategorie:Person_als_Namensgeber_für_einen_Asteroiden\" id=\"mwB8E\"/>\n<link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Kategorie:Person_als_Namensgeber_für_einen_Marskrater\" id=\"mwB8I\"/>\n<link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Kategorie:Person_als_Namensgeber_für_einen_Mondkrater\" id=\"mwB8M\"/>\n<link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Kategorie:Pole\" id=\"mwB8Q\"/>\n<link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Kategorie:Franzose\" id=\"mwB8U\"/>\n<link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Kategorie:Geboren_1867\" id=\"mwB8Y\"/>\n<link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Kategorie:Gestorben_1934\" id=\"mwB8c\"/>\n<link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Kategorie:Frau\" id=\"mwB8g\"/>\n\n<table class=\"metadata rahmenfarbe1\" id=\"Vorlage_Personendaten\" style=\"border-style: solid; margin-top: 20px;\" about=\"#mwt138\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"Personendaten\\n\",\"href\":\"./Vorlage:Personendaten\"},\"params\":{\"NAME\":{\"wt\":\"Curie, Marie\"},\"ALTERNATIVNAMEN\":{\"wt\":\"Skłodowska, Marie Salomea (Geburtsname)\"},\"KURZBESCHREIBUNG\":{\"wt\":\"polnisch-französische Physikerin und Nobelpreisträgerin für Physik und Chemie\"},\"GEBURTSDATUM\":{\"wt\":\"7. November 1867\"},\"GEBURTSORT\":{\"wt\":\"[[Warschau]], [[Russisches Kaiserreich]]\"},\"STERBEDATUM\":{\"wt\":\"4. Juli 1934\"},\"STERBEORT\":{\"wt\":\"[[Passy (Haute-Savoie)|Passy]], [[Frankreich]]\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'>\n<tbody><tr><th colspan=\"2\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hilfe:Personendaten\" title=\"Hilfe:Personendaten\">Personendaten</a></th></tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"color: #aaa;\">NAME</td>\n<td style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Curie, Marie</td></tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"color: #aaa;\">ALTERNATIVNAMEN</td>\n<td>Skłodowska, Marie Salomea (Geburtsname)</td></tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"color: #aaa;\">KURZBESCHREIBUNG</td>\n<td>polnisch-französische Physikerin und Nobelpreisträgerin für Physik und Chemie</td></tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"color: #aaa;\">GEBURTSDATUM</td>\n<td>7. November 1867</td></tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"color: #aaa;\">GEBURTSORT</td>\n<td><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warschau\" title=\"Warschau\">Warschau</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russisches_Kaiserreich\" title=\"Russisches Kaiserreich\">Russisches Kaiserreich</a></td></tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"color: #aaa;\">STERBEDATUM</td>\n<td>4. Juli 1934</td></tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"color: #aaa;\">STERBEORT</td>\n<td><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Passy_(Haute-Savoie)\" title=\"Passy (Haute-Savoie)\">Passy</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankreich\" title=\"Frankreich\">Frankreich</a></td></tr>\n</tbody></table></section>\n<!-- \nNewPP limit report\nParsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐8875b6b85‐n7jr6\nCached time: 20260925174631\nCache expiry: 2592000\nReduced expiry: false\nComplications: [show‐toc, use‐parsoid]\nCPU time usage: 1.171 seconds\nReal time usage: 1.286 seconds\nPreprocessor visited node count: 2362/1000000\nRevision size: 83167/2097152 bytes\nPost‐expand include size: 131396/2097152 bytes\nTemplate argument size: 31558/2097152 bytes\nHighest expansion depth: 11/100\nExpensive parser function count: 1/500\nUnstrip recursion depth: 0/20\nUnstrip post‐expand size: 4123/5000000 bytes\nLua time usage: 0.071/10.000 seconds\nLua memory usage: 4642257/52428800 bytes\nNumber of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/500\n-->\n<!--\nTransclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template)\n100.00%  676.715      1 -total\n  9.03%   61.080      1 Vorlage:Exzellent\n  8.56%   57.935      1 Vorlage:Internetquelle\n  2.73%   18.475      1 Vorlage:Commonscat\n  2.16%   14.647      1 Vorlage:Str_len\n  2.09%   14.171      1 Vorlage:ANNO\n  2.05%   13.869      3 Vorlage:Wikidata-Registrierung\n  1.99%   13.448      1 Vorlage:Normdaten\n  1.97%   13.323      1 Vorlage:NaviBlock\n  1.72%   11.614     14 Vorlage:&quot;\n-->\n\n<!-- Render ID 0aaac78e-b909-11f1-9f41-bb3ab56cb817 -->\n\n<!-- Saved in parser cache with key dewiki:stable-parsoid-pcache:3356:|#|:idhash:useParsoid=1 and timestamp 20260925174631 and revision id 270790243. Rendering was triggered because: unknown\n -->\n\n<!-- Parsoid 0.24.0.0-alpha24 -->\n</div><!--\nPost‐processing cache key dewiki:stable‐parsoid‐pcache‐postproc:3356:|#|:idhash:injectTOC=0!postproc=1!skin=vector‐2022!useParsoid=1, generated at 20260925174631\n--><noscript><img src=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&amp;type=1x1&amp;usesul3=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" style=\"border: none; position: absolute;\"></noscript>\n<div class=\"printfooter\" data-nosnippet=\"\">Abgerufen von „<a dir=\"ltr\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Marie_Curie&amp;oldid=270790243\">https://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Marie_Curie&amp;oldid=270790243</a>“</div></div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"catlinks\" class=\"catlinks\" data-mw-interface=\"\"><div id=\"mw-normal-catlinks\" class=\"mw-normal-catlinks\"><a href=\"/wiki/Wikipedia:Kategorien\" title=\"Wikipedia:Kategorien\">Kategorien</a>: <ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Kategorie:Wikipedia:Exzellent\" title=\"Kategorie:Wikipedia:Exzellent\">Wikipedia:Exzellent</a></li><li><a href=\"/wiki/Kategorie:Marie_Curie\" title=\"Kategorie:Marie Curie\">Marie Curie</a></li><li><a href=\"/wiki/Kategorie:Entdecker_eines_chemischen_Elements\" title=\"Kategorie:Entdecker eines chemischen Elements\">Entdecker eines chemischen Elements</a></li><li><a href=\"/wiki/Kategorie:Nobelpreistr%C3%A4ger_f%C3%BCr_Physik\" title=\"Kategorie:Nobelpreisträger für Physik\">Nobelpreisträger für Physik</a></li><li><a href=\"/wiki/Kategorie:Nobelpreistr%C3%A4ger_f%C3%BCr_Chemie\" title=\"Kategorie:Nobelpreisträger für Chemie\">Nobelpreisträger für Chemie</a></li><li><a href=\"/wiki/Kategorie:Hochschullehrer_(Sorbonne)\" title=\"Kategorie:Hochschullehrer (Sorbonne)\">Hochschullehrer (Sorbonne)</a></li><li><a href=\"/wiki/Kategorie:Kernphysiker\" title=\"Kategorie:Kernphysiker\">Kernphysiker</a></li><li><a href=\"/wiki/Kategorie:Kernchemiker\" title=\"Kategorie:Kernchemiker\">Kernchemiker</a></li><li><a href=\"/wiki/Kategorie:Physiker_(19._Jahrhundert)\" title=\"Kategorie:Physiker (19. Jahrhundert)\">Physiker (19. Jahrhundert)</a></li><li><a href=\"/wiki/Kategorie:Physiker_(20._Jahrhundert)\" title=\"Kategorie:Physiker (20. Jahrhundert)\">Physiker (20. Jahrhundert)</a></li><li><a href=\"/wiki/Kategorie:Chemiker_(19._Jahrhundert)\" title=\"Kategorie:Chemiker (19. Jahrhundert)\">Chemiker (19. Jahrhundert)</a></li><li><a href=\"/wiki/Kategorie:Chemiker_(20._Jahrhundert)\" title=\"Kategorie:Chemiker (20. Jahrhundert)\">Chemiker (20. Jahrhundert)</a></li><li><a href=\"/wiki/Kategorie:Mitglied_der_Acad%C3%A9mie_nationale_de_m%C3%A9decine\" title=\"Kategorie:Mitglied der Académie nationale de médecine\">Mitglied der Académie nationale de médecine</a></li><li><a href=\"/wiki/Kategorie:Mitglied_der_K%C3%B6niglich_Niederl%C3%A4ndischen_Akademie_der_Wissenschaften\" title=\"Kategorie:Mitglied der Königlich Niederländischen Akademie der Wissenschaften\">Mitglied der Königlich Niederländischen Akademie der Wissenschaften</a></li><li><a href=\"/wiki/Kategorie:Ehrenmitglied_der_Russischen_Akademie_der_Wissenschaften\" title=\"Kategorie:Ehrenmitglied der Russischen Akademie der Wissenschaften\">Ehrenmitglied der Russischen Akademie der Wissenschaften</a></li><li><a href=\"/wiki/Kategorie:Mitglied_der_Leopoldina_(20._Jahrhundert)\" title=\"Kategorie:Mitglied der Leopoldina (20. Jahrhundert)\">Mitglied der Leopoldina (20. Jahrhundert)</a></li><li><a href=\"/wiki/Kategorie:Mitglied_der_American_Philosophical_Society\" title=\"Kategorie:Mitglied der American Philosophical Society\">Mitglied der American Philosophical Society</a></li><li><a href=\"/wiki/Kategorie:Ehrenb%C3%BCrger_von_Warschau\" title=\"Kategorie:Ehrenbürger von Warschau\">Ehrenbürger von Warschau</a></li><li><a href=\"/wiki/Kategorie:Ehrendoktor_der_Technischen_Universit%C3%A4t_Warschau\" title=\"Kategorie:Ehrendoktor der Technischen Universität Warschau\">Ehrendoktor der Technischen Universität Warschau</a></li><li><a href=\"/wiki/Kategorie:Ehrendoktor_der_Nationalen_Polytechnischen_Universit%C3%A4t_Lwiw\" title=\"Kategorie:Ehrendoktor der Nationalen Polytechnischen Universität Lwiw\">Ehrendoktor der Nationalen Polytechnischen Universität Lwiw</a></li><li><a href=\"/wiki/Kategorie:Namensgeber_f%C3%BCr_ein_chemisches_Element\" title=\"Kategorie:Namensgeber für ein chemisches Element\">Namensgeber für ein chemisches Element</a></li><li><a href=\"/wiki/Kategorie:Namensgeber_f%C3%BCr_eine_Universit%C3%A4t\" title=\"Kategorie:Namensgeber für eine Universität\">Namensgeber für eine Universität</a></li><li><a href=\"/wiki/Kategorie:Pierre_Curie\" title=\"Kategorie:Pierre Curie\">Pierre Curie</a></li><li><a href=\"/wiki/Kategorie:Emigrant_aus_dem_Russischen_Kaiserreich\" title=\"Kategorie:Emigrant aus dem Russischen Kaiserreich\">Emigrant aus dem Russischen Kaiserreich</a></li><li><a href=\"/wiki/Kategorie:Person_im_Ersten_Weltkrieg_(Frankreich)\" title=\"Kategorie:Person im Ersten Weltkrieg (Frankreich)\">Person im Ersten Weltkrieg (Frankreich)</a></li><li><a href=\"/wiki/Kategorie:Person_als_Namensgeber_f%C3%BCr_einen_Asteroiden\" title=\"Kategorie:Person als Namensgeber für einen Asteroiden\">Person als Namensgeber für einen Asteroiden</a></li><li><a href=\"/wiki/Kategorie:Person_als_Namensgeber_f%C3%BCr_einen_Marskrater\" title=\"Kategorie:Person als Namensgeber für einen Marskrater\">Person als Namensgeber für einen Marskrater</a></li><li><a href=\"/wiki/Kategorie:Person_als_Namensgeber_f%C3%BCr_einen_Mondkrater\" title=\"Kategorie:Person als Namensgeber für einen Mondkrater\">Person als Namensgeber für einen Mondkrater</a></li><li><a href=\"/wiki/Kategorie:Pole\" title=\"Kategorie:Pole\">Pole</a></li><li><a href=\"/wiki/Kategorie:Franzose\" title=\"Kategorie:Franzose\">Franzose</a></li><li><a href=\"/wiki/Kategorie:Geboren_1867\" title=\"Kategorie:Geboren 1867\">Geboren 1867</a></li><li><a href=\"/wiki/Kategorie:Gestorben_1934\" title=\"Kategorie:Gestorben 1934\">Gestorben 1934</a></li><li><a href=\"/wiki/Kategorie:Frau\" title=\"Kategorie:Frau\">Frau</a></li></ul></div></div>\n\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t</main>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t</div>\n\t\t<div class=\"mw-footer-container\">\n\t\t\t<footer id=\"footer\" class=\"mw-footer\" >\n\t\t\t\t<ul id=\"footer-info\" class=\"mw-portlet mw-portlet-footer-info\">\n\t<li id=\"footer-info-lastmod\"> Diese Seite wurde zuletzt am 25. 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class=\"vector-unpinned-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t</nav>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"vector-sticky-header-context-bar-primary\" aria-hidden=\"true\" ><span lang=\"de\" dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"mw-page-title-main\">Marie Curie</span></span></div>\n\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t</div>\n\t\t<div class=\"vector-sticky-header-end\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"vector-sticky-header-icons\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"#\" class=\"cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only\" id=\"ca-talk-sticky-header\" tabindex=\"-1\" data-event-name=\"talk-sticky-header\"><span class=\"vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbles mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbles cdx-button__icon\"></span>\n\n<span></span>\n\t\t\t</a>\n\t\t\t<a href=\"#\" class=\"cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only\" id=\"ca-subject-sticky-header\" 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+  "parseApiHtml": "<div class=\"mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output\" lang=\"de\" dir=\"ltr\"><div class=\"hintergrundfarbe1 rahmenfarbe1 navigation-not-searchable noprint\" style=\"border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; font-size:95%; margin-bottom:1em; padding: 0.25em; overflow: hidden; word-break: break-word; word-wrap: break-word;\" id=\"Vorlage&#95;Begriffsklärungshinweis\"><div class=\"noviewer noresize bksicon\" style=\"display: table-cell; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.25em; padding-right: 1em; padding-top: 0.2em; vertical-align: middle;\" aria-hidden=\"true\" role=\"presentation\"><span typeof=\"mw:File\"><span><img alt=\"\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Disambig-dark.svg/40px-Disambig-dark.svg.png?utm_source=de.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"25\" height=\"19\" class=\"mw-file-element\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Disambig-dark.svg/60px-Disambig-dark.svg.png?utm_source=de.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" data-file-width=\"444\" data-file-height=\"340\" /></span></span></div>\n<div style=\"display: table-cell; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%;\">\n<div role=\"navigation\">\nDer Titel dieses Artikels ist mehrdeutig. Weitere Bedeutungen sind unter <a href=\"/wiki/Marie_Curie_(Begriffskl%C3%A4rung)\" class=\"mw-disambig\" title=\"Marie Curie (Begriffsklärung)\">Marie Curie (Begriffsklärung)</a> aufgeführt.</div>\n</div></div>\n<figure class=\"mw-default-size\" typeof=\"mw:File/Thumb\"><a href=\"/wiki/Datei:Marie_Curie_(Nobel-Chem).jpg\" class=\"mw-file-description\"><img src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Marie_Curie_%28Nobel-Chem%29.jpg/250px-Marie_Curie_%28Nobel-Chem%29.jpg?utm_source=de.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"250\" height=\"318\" class=\"mw-file-element\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Marie_Curie_%28Nobel-Chem%29.jpg/500px-Marie_Curie_%28Nobel-Chem%29.jpg?utm_source=de.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" data-file-width=\"1017\" data-file-height=\"1293\" /></a><figcaption>Marie Curie, Ausschnitt aus dem Nobelpreisfoto von 1911 <span class=\"mw-default-size skin-invert-image\" typeof=\"mw:File/Frameless\"><a href=\"/wiki/Datei:Marie_Curie_signature.svg\" class=\"mw-file-description\"><img src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Marie_Curie_signature.svg/250px-Marie_Curie_signature.svg.png?utm_source=de.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"190\" height=\"62\" style=\"--mw-file-upright: 0.75\" class=\"mw-file-element mw-file-upright\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Marie_Curie_signature.svg/500px-Marie_Curie_signature.svg.png?utm_source=de.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" data-file-width=\"585\" data-file-height=\"190\" /></a></span></figcaption></figure>\n<p><b>Marie Skłodowska Curie</b> (* <a href=\"/wiki/7._November\" title=\"7. November\">7. November</a> <a href=\"/wiki/1867\" title=\"1867\">1867</a> in <a href=\"/wiki/Warschau\" title=\"Warschau\">Warschau</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Russisches_Kaiserreich\" title=\"Russisches Kaiserreich\">Russisches Kaiserreich</a> als <b>Maria Salomea Skłodowska</b>; † <a href=\"/wiki/4._Juli\" title=\"4. Juli\">4. Juli</a> <a href=\"/wiki/1934\" title=\"1934\">1934</a> bei <a href=\"/wiki/Passy_(Haute-Savoie)\" title=\"Passy (Haute-Savoie)\">Passy</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Frankreich\" title=\"Frankreich\">Frankreich</a>) war eine <a href=\"/wiki/Physiker\" title=\"Physiker\">Physikerin</a> und <a href=\"/wiki/Chemie\" title=\"Chemie\">Chemikerin</a> <a href=\"/wiki/Polen_(Ethnie)\" title=\"Polen (Ethnie)\">polnischer Herkunft</a>, die in Frankreich lebte und wirkte. Sie untersuchte die 1896 von <a href=\"/wiki/Henri_Becquerel\" title=\"Henri Becquerel\">Henri Becquerel</a> beobachtete Strahlung von <a href=\"/wiki/Uran\" title=\"Uran\">Uranverbindungen</a> und prägte für diese das Wort „<a href=\"/wiki/Radioaktivit%C3%A4t\" title=\"Radioaktivität\">radioaktiv</a>“. Im Rahmen ihrer Forschungen, für die ihr 1903 ein anteiliger <a href=\"/wiki/Nobelpreis_f%C3%BCr_Physik\" title=\"Nobelpreis für Physik\">Nobelpreis für Physik</a> und 1911 der <a href=\"/wiki/Nobelpreis_f%C3%BCr_Chemie\" title=\"Nobelpreis für Chemie\">Nobelpreis für Chemie</a> zugesprochen wurde, entdeckte sie gemeinsam mit ihrem Ehemann <a href=\"/wiki/Pierre_Curie\" title=\"Pierre Curie\">Pierre Curie</a> die chemischen Elemente <a href=\"/wiki/Polonium\" title=\"Polonium\">Polonium</a> und <a href=\"/wiki/Radium\" title=\"Radium\">Radium</a>. Marie Curie ist die einzige Frau unter den fünf Personen, denen bisher <a href=\"/wiki/Nobelpreis#Mehrmalige_Preisträger\" title=\"Nobelpreis\">mehrfach ein Nobelpreis verliehen wurde</a>, und neben <a href=\"/wiki/Linus_Pauling\" title=\"Linus Pauling\">Linus Pauling</a> die einzige Person, die Nobelpreise auf zwei unterschiedlichen Fachgebieten erhielt.\n</p><p>Marie Curie wuchs im damals zu Russland gehörigen Teil <a href=\"/wiki/Polen\" title=\"Polen\">Polens</a> auf. Da Frauen dort nicht zum Studium zugelassen wurden, zog sie nach <a href=\"/wiki/Paris\" title=\"Paris\">Paris</a> und begann Ende 1891 ein Studium an der <a href=\"/wiki/Sorbonne\" title=\"Sorbonne\">Sorbonne</a>, das sie mit <a href=\"/wiki/Licence\" title=\"Licence\">Lizenziaten</a> in Physik und Mathematik beendete. Im Dezember 1897 begann sie die Erforschung radioaktiver Substanzen, die seitdem den Schwerpunkt ihrer wissenschaftlichen Tätigkeit bildeten. Nach dem Unfalltod Pierre Curies wurden ihr 1906 zunächst seine Lehrverpflichtungen übertragen. Zwei Jahre später wurde sie schließlich auf den für ihn geschaffenen <a href=\"/wiki/Lehrstuhl\" title=\"Lehrstuhl\">Lehrstuhl</a> für Allgemeine Physik berufen. Sie war die erste Frau und die erste <a href=\"/wiki/Professor\" title=\"Professor\">Professorin</a>, die an der Sorbonne lehrte. Als sich Marie Curie 1911 um einen Sitz in der <i><a href=\"/wiki/Acad%C3%A9mie_des_sciences\" title=\"Académie des sciences\">Académie des sciences</a></i> bewarb und im selben Jahr ihr Verhältnis mit <a href=\"/wiki/Paul_Langevin\" title=\"Paul Langevin\">Paul Langevin</a> bekannt wurde, erschienen in der <a href=\"/wiki/Boulevardzeitung\" title=\"Boulevardzeitung\">Boulevardpresse</a> Artikel, in denen sie persönlich angegriffen und als Fremde, Intellektuelle, Jüdin und sonderbare Frau bezeichnet wurde.\n</p><p>Während des <a href=\"/wiki/Erster_Weltkrieg\" title=\"Erster Weltkrieg\">Ersten Weltkrieges</a> widmete sich Marie Curie als <a href=\"/wiki/Radiologie\" title=\"Radiologie\">Radiologin</a> der Behandlung verwundeter Soldaten. Sie entwickelte einen Röntgenwagen, der es ermöglichte, radiologische Untersuchungen in unmittelbarer Nähe der Front vorzunehmen, und beteiligte sich an der Qualifizierung der notwendigen Techniker und Krankenschwestern. Nach dem Krieg engagierte sie sich in der <i>Internationalen Kommission für Geistige Zusammenarbeit</i> des <a href=\"/wiki/V%C3%B6lkerbund\" title=\"Völkerbund\">Völkerbundes</a> für bessere Arbeitsbedingungen von Wissenschaftlern. An dem von ihr geleiteten Pariser Radium-Institut setzte sie sich für die Förderung von weiblichen und ausländischen Studenten ein.\n</p>\n<meta property=\"mw:PageProp/toc\" />\n<div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading2\"><h2 id=\"Leben_und_Wirken\">Leben und Wirken</h2><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">[</span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Marie_Curie&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=1\" title=\"Abschnitt bearbeiten: Leben und Wirken\" class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\"><span>Bearbeiten</span></a><span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | </span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Marie_Curie&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1\" title=\"Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Leben und Wirken\"><span>Quelltext bearbeiten</span></a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">]</span></span></div>\n<div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading3\"><h3 id=\"Kindheit_und_Jugend\">Kindheit und Jugend</h3><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">[</span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Marie_Curie&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=2\" title=\"Abschnitt bearbeiten: Kindheit und Jugend\" class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\"><span>Bearbeiten</span></a><span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | </span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Marie_Curie&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2\" title=\"Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Kindheit und Jugend\"><span>Quelltext bearbeiten</span></a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">]</span></span></div>\n<figure class=\"mw-default-size\" typeof=\"mw:File/Thumb\"><a href=\"/wiki/Datei:Kamienica_%C5%81yszkiewicza_w_Warszawie_2020.jpg\" class=\"mw-file-description\"><img src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Kamienica_%C5%81yszkiewicza_w_Warszawie_2020.jpg/250px-Kamienica_%C5%81yszkiewicza_w_Warszawie_2020.jpg?utm_source=de.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"190\" height=\"130\" style=\"--mw-file-upright: 0.75\" class=\"mw-file-element mw-file-upright\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Kamienica_%C5%81yszkiewicza_w_Warszawie_2020.jpg/500px-Kamienica_%C5%81yszkiewicza_w_Warszawie_2020.jpg?utm_source=de.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" data-file-width=\"4457\" data-file-height=\"3060\" /></a><figcaption>Geburtshaus von Marie Curie in Warschau</figcaption></figure>\n<p>Maria Skłodowska war das jüngste von fünf Kindern des Lehrerehepaares Bronisława und <a href=\"/wiki/W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_Sk%C5%82odowski\" title=\"Władysław Skłodowski\">Władysław Skłodowski</a>, die beide dem niederen polnischen Landadel, der <a href=\"/wiki/Szlachta\" title=\"Szlachta\">Szlachta</a>, entstammten und zur polnischen <a href=\"/wiki/Intelligenzija\" title=\"Intelligenzija\">Intelligenzija</a> zählten. Ihr Vater Władysław hatte an der <a href=\"/wiki/Staatliche_Universit%C3%A4t_Sankt_Petersburg\" title=\"Staatliche Universität Sankt Petersburg\">Universität Sankt Petersburg</a> studiert und als Lehrer für Mathematik und Physik an verschiedenen staatlichen und privaten Schulen unterrichtet. Ihre Mutter Bronisława wurde am Mädchenpensionat in der Fretastraße <i>(Ulica Freta)</i>, der einzigen privaten Mädchenschule in Warschau, ausgebildet, wo sie anschließend erst als Lehrerin und später als Schulleiterin tätig war und wo die Familie zum Zeitpunkt von Marias Geburt wohnte. 1868 wurde ihr Vater zum stellvertretenden Direktor einer öffentlichen Schule befördert, woraufhin die Familie in die mit der Stellung verbundene größere Dienstwohnung in der Nowolipki-Straße <i>(Ulica Nowolipki)</i> zog. Etwa zu dieser Zeit erkrankte Marias Mutter an <a href=\"/wiki/Tuberkulose\" title=\"Tuberkulose\">Tuberkulose</a> und musste ihren Posten aufgeben. Als ihr Vater 1873 aus dem Schuldienst entlassen wurde, war die Familie aus finanziellen Gründen gezwungen, ein Pensionat zu eröffnen, das anfangs zwei und später bis zu zehn Schüler beherbergte.<sup id=\"cite&#95;ref-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-1\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#91;</span>1<span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#93;</span></a></sup> Maria wurde mit sechs Jahren eingeschult und besuchte zunächst die von ihrer Mutter geleitete Mädchenschule in der Fretastraße. Zwei Jahre später wechselte sie auf die näher gelegene Privatschule von <a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Jadwiga_Sikorska&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" class=\"new\" title=\"Jadwiga Sikorska (Seite nicht vorhanden)\">Jadwiga Sikorska</a> (1846–1927). Nach dem gescheiterten <a href=\"/wiki/Januaraufstand\" title=\"Januaraufstand\">Januaraufstand</a> von 1863 wurde im russisch kontrollierten Teil Polens eine zunehmende <a href=\"/wiki/Russifizierung\" title=\"Russifizierung\">Russifizierung</a> betrieben. Unterricht durfte nur in <a href=\"/wiki/Russische_Sprache\" title=\"Russische Sprache\">russischer Sprache</a> erteilt, polnische Geschichte und Kultur konnte nur heimlich unterrichtet werden, was gleichermaßen eine Herausforderung für Lehrer wie Schüler war. Im Herbst 1878 wechselte Maria an das öffentliche Gymnasium Nr.&#160;3. Kurz zuvor war ihre Mutter an den Folgen ihrer Erkrankung gestorben. 1883 bestand Maria im Alter von 15&#160;Jahren ihr Abitur als Klassenbeste. Das darauf folgende Jahr verbrachte sie bei Verwandten auf dem Land, da sie Anzeichen von Erschöpfung zeigte.<sup id=\"cite&#95;ref-2\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-2\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#91;</span>2<span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#93;</span></a></sup>\n</p>\n<figure class=\"mw-default-size\" typeof=\"mw:File/Thumb\"><a href=\"/wiki/Datei:Sklodowski_Family_Wladyslaw_and_his_daughters_Maria_Bronislawa_Helena.jpg\" class=\"mw-file-description\"><img src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Sklodowski_Family_Wladyslaw_and_his_daughters_Maria_Bronislawa_Helena.jpg/250px-Sklodowski_Family_Wladyslaw_and_his_daughters_Maria_Bronislawa_Helena.jpg?utm_source=de.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"190\" height=\"238\" style=\"--mw-file-upright: 0.75\" class=\"mw-file-element mw-file-upright\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Sklodowski_Family_Wladyslaw_and_his_daughters_Maria_Bronislawa_Helena.jpg/500px-Sklodowski_Family_Wladyslaw_and_his_daughters_Maria_Bronislawa_Helena.jpg?utm_source=de.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" data-file-width=\"960\" data-file-height=\"1200\" /></a><figcaption>Maria Skłodowska (links) mit ihrem Vater <a href=\"/wiki/W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_Sk%C5%82odowski\" title=\"Władysław Skłodowski\">Władysław Skłodowski</a> und ihren Schwestern <a href=\"/wiki/Bronis%C5%82awa_D%C5%82uska\" title=\"Bronisława Dłuska\">Bronia</a> und Helena (1890)</figcaption></figure>\n<p>In Polen durfte Maria nicht studieren, weil Frauen an Universitäten nicht zugelassen waren. Die finanzielle Situation ihres Vaters ließ eine Unterstützung während eines Auslandsstudiums nicht zu. Im Spätsommer 1884 begann Maria in der Wohnung ihres Vaters Privatunterricht zu erteilen. Während dieser Zeit nahm sie gemeinsam mit ihrer Schwester <a href=\"/wiki/Bronis%C5%82awa_D%C5%82uska\" title=\"Bronisława Dłuska\">Bronia</a> an Kursen der von <a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Jadwiga_Szczawi%C5%84ska-Dawidowa&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" class=\"new\" title=\"Jadwiga Szczawińska-Dawidowa (Seite nicht vorhanden)\">Jadwiga Szczawińska-Dawidowa</a> (1864–1910) heimlich organisierten <i><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Fliegende_Universit%C3%A4t&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" class=\"new\" title=\"Fliegende Universität (Seite nicht vorhanden)\">Fliegenden Universität</a></i> <i>(Uniwersytet Latający)</i> teil, die eine akademische Bildung ermöglichte.<sup id=\"cite&#95;ref-3\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-3\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#91;</span>3<span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#93;</span></a></sup>\n</p><p>Ab September 1885 arbeitete Maria kurze Zeit als Hauslehrerin bei einer Anwaltsfamilie. Ende 1885 übernahm sie für dreieinhalb Jahre eine Stelle als Hauslehrerin auf dem Land in <a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Szczuki&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" class=\"new\" title=\"Szczuki (Seite nicht vorhanden)\">Szczuki</a> bei <a href=\"/wiki/Przasnysz\" title=\"Przasnysz\">Przasnysz</a> mit der Aufgabe, die beiden ältesten Töchter der Familie Żorawski zu unterrichten. An ihren freien Abenden las sie Bücher über Physik, <a href=\"/wiki/Soziologie\" title=\"Soziologie\">Soziologie</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Anatomie\" title=\"Anatomie\">Anatomie</a> und <a href=\"/wiki/Physiologie\" title=\"Physiologie\">Physiologie</a>, um ihre Neigungen auszuloten und sich auf das Studium vorzubereiten. Mit dem Einverständnis des Hausherrn und mit Unterstützung von dessen ältester Tochter gab Maria täglich einem Dutzend Bauernkindern Unterricht im Lesen und Schreiben. Als im Sommer des ersten Jahres ihres Aufenthalts der älteste Sohn der Familie <a href=\"/wiki/Kazimierz_%C5%BBorawski\" title=\"Kazimierz Żorawski\">Kazimierz Żorawski</a> von der Universität nach Hause zurückkehrte, verliebten sich beide ineinander. Ihre Heiratspläne scheiterten jedoch am Widerstand von Kazimierz’ Familie. Im Frühjahr 1889 endete Marias Tätigkeit bei den Żorawskis. Sie fand eine weitere Hauslehrerinnenstelle in einem Badeort an der Ostseeküste. Um seine Töchter besser finanziell unterstützen zu können, hatte ihr Vater im April 1888 nach seiner Pensionierung für zwei Jahre die Leitung einer landwirtschaftlichen Erziehungsanstalt in Studzieniec in der Nähe von Warschau übernommen.\n</p><p>Seit 1890 wohnte Maria wieder mit ihrem Vater in Warschau zusammen. Ihrem Cousin <a href=\"/wiki/J%C3%B3zef_Boguski\" title=\"Józef Boguski\">Józef Boguski</a>, einem ehemaligen Assistenten von <a href=\"/wiki/Dmitri_Iwanowitsch_Mendelejew\" title=\"Dmitri Iwanowitsch Mendelejew\">Dmitri Mendelejew</a>, wurde die Leitung des <i>Warschauer Industrie- und Landwirtschaftsmuseums</i> <i>(Muzeum Przemysłu i Rolnictwa)</i> übertragen. In den Räumlichkeiten des Museums, das über ein eigenes Laboratorium verfügte, bekam Maria zum ersten Mal die Gelegenheit, eigene <a href=\"/wiki/Chemie\" title=\"Chemie\">chemische</a> und physikalische <a href=\"/wiki/Experiment\" title=\"Experiment\">Experimente</a> durchzuführen, die ihre „Neigung zur experimentellen Forschung auf dem Gebiet der Physik und Chemie“<sup id=\"cite&#95;ref-4\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-4\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#91;</span>4<span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#93;</span></a></sup> festigten und sie in ihrem Wunsch, ein <a href=\"/wiki/Naturwissenschaft\" title=\"Naturwissenschaft\">naturwissenschaftliches</a> Studium in Paris aufzunehmen, bestärkten.\n</p>\n<div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading3\"><h3 id=\"Erste_Jahre_in_Paris\">Erste Jahre in Paris</h3><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">[</span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Marie_Curie&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=3\" title=\"Abschnitt bearbeiten: Erste Jahre in Paris\" class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\"><span>Bearbeiten</span></a><span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | </span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Marie_Curie&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3\" title=\"Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Erste Jahre in Paris\"><span>Quelltext bearbeiten</span></a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">]</span></span></div>\n<figure class=\"mw-default-size\" typeof=\"mw:File/Thumb\"><a href=\"/wiki/Datei:Marie_Pierre_Irene_Curie.jpg\" class=\"mw-file-description\"><img src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Marie_Pierre_Irene_Curie.jpg/250px-Marie_Pierre_Irene_Curie.jpg?utm_source=de.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"250\" height=\"196\" class=\"mw-file-element\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Marie_Pierre_Irene_Curie.jpg/500px-Marie_Pierre_Irene_Curie.jpg?utm_source=de.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" data-file-width=\"612\" data-file-height=\"480\" /></a><figcaption>Pierre, <a href=\"/wiki/Ir%C3%A8ne_Joliot-Curie\" title=\"Irène Joliot-Curie\">Irène</a> und Marie Curie 1902 in Paris</figcaption></figure>\n<p>1891 reiste Maria Skłodowska nach Paris, wo sie anfangs bei ihrer Schwester <a href=\"/wiki/Bronis%C5%82awa_D%C5%82uska\" title=\"Bronisława Dłuska\">Bronia</a> und deren Mann Kazimierz Dłuski in der <i>Rue d’Allemagne</i> unweit des <a href=\"/wiki/Bahnhof_Paris-Nord\" title=\"Bahnhof Paris-Nord\">Gare du Nord</a> wohnte. Am 3.&#160;November schrieb sie sich als Marie Skłodowska für ein Studium der <a href=\"/wiki/Physik\" title=\"Physik\">Physik</a> an der <a href=\"/wiki/Sorbonne\" title=\"Sorbonne\">Sorbonne</a> ein. Unter den 9000 Studenten der Universität in diesem Jahr befanden sich 210 Frauen. Von den mehr als 1825 Studenten der <i>Faculté des sciences</i> waren 23 weiblich.<sup id=\"cite&#95;ref-5\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-5\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#91;</span>5<span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#93;</span></a></sup> Ihre wenigen Mitstudentinnen kamen meist aus dem Ausland, da an den französischen Mädchenschulen zu dieser Zeit die zur <a href=\"/wiki/Baccalaur%C3%A9at\" title=\"Baccalauréat\">Baccalauréat</a>-Prüfung notwendigen Fächer Physik, Biologie, Latein und Griechisch nicht gelehrt wurden.<sup id=\"cite&#95;ref-6\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-6\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#91;</span>6<span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#93;</span></a></sup> Marie hatte schlechtere Vorkenntnisse als ihre französischen Kommilitonen. Die sprachlichen Probleme bildeten eine zusätzliche Herausforderung. Im Winter 1891/1892 spielte sie bei einem von Exilpolen inszenierten russlandfeindlichen Theaterstück mit, was ihren Vater sehr verärgerte.<sup id=\"cite&#95;ref-7\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-7\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#91;</span>7<span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#93;</span></a></sup>\n</p><p>Im März 1892 zog Marie Skłodowska in ein kleines möbliertes Zimmer in der <i>Rue Flatters</i> im <a href=\"/wiki/Quartier_Latin\" title=\"Quartier Latin\">Quartier Latin</a> um, da sie mehr Ruhe für ihr Studium benötigte und näher bei den Einrichtungen der Universität wohnen wollte. In ihrem ersten Studienjahr gehörten unter anderem der Mathematiker <a href=\"/wiki/Paul_Appell\" title=\"Paul Appell\">Paul Appell</a> und die Physiker <a href=\"/wiki/Gabriel_Lippmann\" title=\"Gabriel Lippmann\">Gabriel Lippmann</a> und <a href=\"/wiki/Edmond_Bouty\" title=\"Edmond Bouty\">Edmond Bouty</a> zu ihren Lehrern. Die Prüfungen für das <a href=\"/wiki/Licence\" title=\"Licence\">Lizenziat</a> der Physik <i>(licence des sciences physiques)</i> schloss sie im Juli 1893 als Beste ab. Im Sommer wurde ihr das <i>Alexandrowitsch-Stipendium</i> in Höhe von 600&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Rubel#20._Jahrhundert\" title=\"Rubel\">Rubeln</a> zugesprochen, das ihr die Fortsetzung des Studiums in Paris ermöglichte. Den Abschluss für das Lizenziat in <a href=\"/wiki/Mathematik\" title=\"Mathematik\">Mathematik</a> <i>(licence des sciences mathématiques)</i> machte sie im Juli 1894 als Zweitbeste.<sup id=\"cite&#95;ref-8\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-8\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#91;</span>8<span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#93;</span></a></sup>\n</p><p>Die Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Nationalindustrie (<i>Société d’Encouragement pour l’Industrie Nationale</i>) beauftragte Marie Skłodowska Anfang 1894, eine Studie über die <a href=\"/wiki/Magnetismus\" title=\"Magnetismus\">magnetischen</a> Eigenschaften verschiedener <a href=\"/wiki/Stahlsorte\" title=\"Stahlsorte\">Stahlsorten</a> durchzuführen. Sie arbeitete unter sehr beengten Verhältnissen im Labor ihres Lehrers Gabriel Lippmann und war auf der Suche nach einem geeigneteren Platz für ihre Experimente, worüber sie dem Physiker Józef Kowalski, Professor an der <a href=\"/wiki/Universit%C3%A4t_Freiburg_(Schweiz)\" title=\"Universität Freiburg (Schweiz)\">Universität Freiburg</a>, berichtete. Kowalski machte sie im Frühjahr mit <a href=\"/wiki/Pierre_Curie\" title=\"Pierre Curie\">Pierre Curie</a> bekannt, der an der <i><a href=\"/wiki/%C3%89cole_sup%C3%A9rieure_de_physique_et_de_chimie_industrielles_de_la_ville_de_Paris\" title=\"École supérieure de physique et de chimie industrielles de la ville de Paris\">École municipale de physique et de chimie industrielles</a></i> (EPCI, heute: ESPCI) unterrichtete und das dortige Laboratorium leitete. Im Sommer 1894 suchte Marie in Polen nach einer interessanten Forschungstätigkeit. Da sie kein geeignetes Angebot erhielt, beschloss sie, für ein weiteres Jahr nach Paris zurückzukehren.<sup id=\"cite&#95;ref-9\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-9\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#91;</span>9<span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#93;</span></a></sup> Dort entwickelte sich aus der beruflichen Zusammenarbeit mit Pierre Curie eine gegenseitige Zuneigung. Am 26.&#160;Juli 1895 heiratete Marie Skłodowska im Rathaus von <a href=\"/wiki/Sceaux\" title=\"Sceaux\">Sceaux</a> Pierre Curie. Das Paar zog in eine Dreizimmerwohnung in der <i>Rue de la Glacière</i>.\n</p><p>In ihrem ersten Ehejahr bereitete sich Marie Curie auf die <a href=\"/wiki/Agr%C3%A9gation\" title=\"Agrégation\">Agrégation</a> vor, die sie berechtigte, an einer <a href=\"/wiki/H%C3%B6here_M%C3%A4dchenschule\" title=\"Höhere Mädchenschule\">höheren Mädchenschule</a> zu unterrichten und ihr ein eigenes Einkommen verschaffen würde. Die Prüfungen im Sommer 1896 bestand sie erneut als Beste ihres Kurses. Nebenher setzte Marie Curie ihre physikalischen Studien fort. Sie besuchte unter anderem Vorlesungen von <a href=\"/wiki/Marcel_Brillouin\" title=\"Marcel Brillouin\">Marcel Brillouin</a> und dokumentierte ihre Untersuchungen über die Magnetisierung von gehärtetem Stahl, was ihre erste wissenschaftliche Veröffentlichung war. Am 12.&#160;September 1897 brachte sie ihre erste Tochter <a href=\"/wiki/Ir%C3%A8ne_Joliot-Curie\" title=\"Irène Joliot-Curie\">Irène</a> zur Welt.\n</p>\n<div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading3\"><h3 id=\"Wissenschaftliche_Erfolge\">Wissenschaftliche Erfolge</h3><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">[</span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Marie_Curie&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=4\" title=\"Abschnitt bearbeiten: Wissenschaftliche Erfolge\" class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\"><span>Bearbeiten</span></a><span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | </span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Marie_Curie&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4\" title=\"Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Wissenschaftliche Erfolge\"><span>Quelltext bearbeiten</span></a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">]</span></span></div>\n<div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading4\"><h4 id=\"Radioaktivität_und_neue_chemische_Elemente\"><span id=\"Radioaktivit.C3.A4t_und_neue_chemische_Elemente\"></span>Radioaktivität und neue chemische Elemente</h4><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">[</span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Marie_Curie&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=5\" title=\"Abschnitt bearbeiten: Radioaktivität und neue chemische Elemente\" class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\"><span>Bearbeiten</span></a><span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | </span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Marie_Curie&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5\" title=\"Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Radioaktivität und neue chemische Elemente\"><span>Quelltext bearbeiten</span></a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">]</span></span></div>\n<figure class=\"mw-default-size\" typeof=\"mw:File/Thumb\"><a href=\"/wiki/Datei:Marie_Curie_Messapparatur_1904.png\" class=\"mw-file-description\"><img src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Marie_Curie_Messapparatur_1904.png/250px-Marie_Curie_Messapparatur_1904.png?utm_source=de.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"250\" height=\"212\" class=\"mw-file-element\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Marie_Curie_Messapparatur_1904.png/500px-Marie_Curie_Messapparatur_1904.png?utm_source=de.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" data-file-width=\"517\" data-file-height=\"438\" /></a><figcaption>Anordnung zur Messung der Radioaktivität:<br />A, B Plattenkondensator<br />C Schalter<br />E Elektrometer<br />H Schale für Gewichte<br />P Batterie<br />Q Piezoelektrischer Quarz</figcaption></figure>\n<figure class=\"mw-default-size\" typeof=\"mw:File/Thumb\"><a href=\"/wiki/Datei:Pierre_and_Marie_Curie.jpg\" class=\"mw-file-description\"><img src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Pierre_and_Marie_Curie.jpg/250px-Pierre_and_Marie_Curie.jpg?utm_source=de.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"250\" height=\"201\" class=\"mw-file-element\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Pierre_and_Marie_Curie.jpg/500px-Pierre_and_Marie_Curie.jpg?utm_source=de.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" data-file-width=\"2163\" data-file-height=\"1740\" /></a><figcaption>Pierre und Marie Curie in ihrem Laboratorium in der <i>Rue Cuvier</i></figcaption></figure>\n<figure class=\"mw-default-size\" typeof=\"mw:File/Thumb\"><a href=\"/wiki/Datei:Pichblende.jpg\" class=\"mw-file-description\"><img src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Pichblende.jpg/250px-Pichblende.jpg?utm_source=de.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"250\" height=\"218\" class=\"mw-file-element\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0b/Pichblende.jpg?utm_source=de.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled 2x\" data-file-width=\"320\" data-file-height=\"279\" /></a><figcaption>Eine Pechblendenprobe aus <a href=\"/wiki/J%C3%A1chymov\" title=\"Jáchymov\">Sankt Joachimsthal</a></figcaption></figure>\n<p>Als Marie Curie ein Thema für ihre Doktorarbeit suchte, beschloss sie, sich den „Becquerel-Strahlen“ zuzuwenden. Diese bezeichneten die im Frühjahr 1896 von <a href=\"/wiki/Antoine_Henri_Becquerel\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Antoine Henri Becquerel\">Antoine Henri Becquerel</a> zufällig entdeckte Fähigkeit einer Uranverbindung, von sich aus eine <a href=\"/wiki/Fotoplatte\" title=\"Fotoplatte\">fotografische Platte</a> zu schwärzen. Diese Strahlen blieben damals nahezu unbeachtet,<sup id=\"cite&#95;ref-10\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-10\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#91;</span>10<span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#93;</span></a></sup> während die Ende 1895 beim Betrieb einer Kathodenstrahlröhre durch <a href=\"/wiki/Wilhelm_Conrad_R%C3%B6ntgen\" title=\"Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen\">Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen</a> entdeckten <a href=\"/wiki/R%C3%B6ntgenstrahlen\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Röntgenstrahlen\">Röntgenstrahlen</a> weltweit Aufsehen erregten und zahlreiche Forschungsaktivitäten auslösten.\n</p><p>Zunächst beabsichtigte sie, die <a href=\"/wiki/Ionisation\" title=\"Ionisation\">Ionisationsfähigkeit</a> der von Uransalzen ausgehenden Strahlung zu <a href=\"/wiki/Quantifizierung\" title=\"Quantifizierung\">quantifizieren</a>, und knüpfte mit ihren Versuchen an die Ende 1897 im Labor von <a href=\"/wiki/William_Thomson,_1._Baron_Kelvin\" title=\"William Thomson, 1. Baron Kelvin\">Lord Kelvin</a><sup id=\"cite&#95;ref-11\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-11\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#91;</span>11<span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id=\"cite&#95;ref-12\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-12\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#91;</span>12<span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#93;</span></a></sup> durchgeführten Messungen an. In den ersten Wochen ihrer am 16.&#160;Dezember 1897<sup id=\"cite&#95;ref-13\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-13\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#91;</span>13<span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#93;</span></a></sup> begonnenen Experimente entwickelte sie gemeinsam mit ihrem Mann Pierre ein Verfahren, das auf einem von Pierre entwickelten <a href=\"/wiki/Piezoelektrizit%C3%A4t\" title=\"Piezoelektrizität\">piezoelektrischen</a> <a href=\"/wiki/Elektroskop\" title=\"Elektroskop\">Elektrometer</a> beruhte und mit dem sie die von den Strahlen verursachte Änderung der <a href=\"/wiki/Elektrische_Leitf%C3%A4higkeit\" title=\"Elektrische Leitfähigkeit\">elektrischen Leitfähigkeit</a> der Luft sehr genau messen konnte.\n</p><p>Auf diese Weise untersuchte Marie Curie zahlreiche <a href=\"/wiki/Uran\" title=\"Uran\">uranhaltige</a> Metalle, Salze, <a href=\"/wiki/Oxide\" title=\"Oxide\">Oxide</a> und Mineralien, die ihr <a href=\"/wiki/Henri_Moissan\" title=\"Henri Moissan\">Henri Moissan</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Alexandre_L%C3%A9on_%C3%89tard\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Alexandre Léon Étard\">Alexandre Léon Étard</a> (1852–1910), <a href=\"/wiki/Antoine_Lacroix\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Antoine Lacroix\">Antoine Lacroix</a> und <a href=\"/wiki/Eug%C3%A8ne-Anatole_Demar%C3%A7ay\" title=\"Eugène-Anatole Demarçay\">Eugène-Anatole Demarçay</a> zur Verfügung gestellt hatten. Sie stellte dabei fest, dass <a href=\"/wiki/Uraninit\" title=\"Uraninit\">Pechblende</a> viermal und natürliches <a href=\"/wiki/Torbernit\" title=\"Torbernit\">Chalcolit</a> doppelt so aktiv wie Uran ist. Die gemessene <a href=\"/wiki/Aktivit%C3%A4t_(Physik)\" title=\"Aktivität (Physik)\">Aktivität</a> der uranhaltigen Stoffe erwies sich als unabhängig von ihrem <a href=\"/wiki/Aggregatzustand\" title=\"Aggregatzustand\">Aggregatzustand</a> und war proportional zu ihrem Urananteil. Eine Kontrollmessung an künstlich hergestelltem Chalcolit, das sie mit Hilfe des <a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Debray-Verfahren&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" class=\"new\" title=\"Debray-Verfahren (Seite nicht vorhanden)\">Debray-Verfahrens</a> aus <a href=\"/wiki/Uranylnitrat\" title=\"Uranylnitrat\">Urannitrat</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Kupferphosphat\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Kupferphosphat\">Kupferphosphat</a> und <a href=\"/wiki/Phosphors%C3%A4ure\" title=\"Phosphorsäure\">Phosphorsäure</a> gewonnen hatte, bestätigte diese Erkenntnis. Marie Curie folgerte daraus, dass die „Becquerel-Strahlung“ eine Eigenschaft bestimmter <a href=\"/wiki/Atom\" title=\"Atom\">Atome</a> und keine chemische Eigenschaft der untersuchten Verbindung ist.\n</p><p>Ihre Forschungsergebnisse wurden am 12. April 1898 von Gabriel Lippmann vor der <i><a href=\"/wiki/Acad%C3%A9mie_des_sciences\" title=\"Académie des sciences\">Académie des sciences</a></i> in Paris vorgetragen, da Marie Curie kein Mitglied der Akademie war. Ihre während dieser ersten Untersuchungen gemachte Beobachtung, dass <a href=\"/wiki/Thorium\" title=\"Thorium\">Thorium</a> ähnlich wie Uran strahlt, war bereits Anfang Februar 1898 unabhängig von ihr durch <a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Gerhard_Carl_Nathaniel_Schmidt&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" class=\"new\" title=\"Gerhard Carl Nathaniel Schmidt (Seite nicht vorhanden)\">Gerhard Schmidt</a> (1865–1949) entdeckt und bei einem Treffen der <i>Physikalischen Gesellschaft zu Berlin</i> publiziert worden.<sup id=\"cite&#95;ref-14\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-14\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#91;</span>14<span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id=\"cite&#95;ref-15\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-15\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#91;</span>15<span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#93;</span></a></sup>\n</p><p>Marie Curie und ihr Mann gingen davon aus, dass die hohe Aktivität der Pechblende von einem unbekannten <a href=\"/wiki/Chemisches_Element\" title=\"Chemisches Element\">chemischen Element</a> verursacht werde. In den folgenden Wochen versuchten sie, dieses Element mit chemischen Verfahren zu isolieren. Bald hatten sie Zwischenprodukte erzeugt, die viel aktiver als Pechblende waren, und folgerten daraus, dass es sich nicht um <i>ein</i> neues Element handele, sondern um <i>zwei</i> verschiedene, von denen eines chemisch <a href=\"/wiki/Bismut\" title=\"Bismut\">Bismut</a> und das andere <a href=\"/wiki/Barium\" title=\"Barium\">Barium</a> ähneln müsse. Der <a href=\"/wiki/Spektroskopie\" title=\"Spektroskopie\">spektroskopische</a> Nachweis des ersten neuen Elementes, das sie am 13.&#160;Juni 1898<sup id=\"cite&#95;ref-16\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-16\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#91;</span>16<span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#93;</span></a></sup> zu Ehren von Marie Curies polnischer Heimat <a href=\"/wiki/Polonium\" title=\"Polonium\">Polonium</a> getauft hatten, misslang jedoch. Dennoch ließen sie fünf Tage später Henri Becquerel ihre Ergebnisse vor der <i>Académie des sciences</i> präsentieren. In der Überschrift des Berichtes wurde erstmals das Wort „<a href=\"/wiki/Radioaktivit%C3%A4t\" title=\"Radioaktivität\">radioaktiv</a>“ verwendet. Im Juli wurde Marie Curie für ihre Arbeiten über die <a href=\"/wiki/Magnetismus\" title=\"Magnetismus\">magnetischen</a> Eigenschaften von <a href=\"/wiki/Stahl\" title=\"Stahl\">Stahl</a> und die Radioaktivität der mit 3800 <a href=\"/wiki/Franz%C3%B6sischer_Franc\" title=\"Französischer Franc\">Francs</a> dotierte <i>Prix Gegner</i> der <i>Académie des sciences</i> zuerkannt.<sup id=\"cite&#95;ref-17\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-17\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#91;</span>17<span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id=\"cite&#95;ref-18\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-18\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#91;</span>18<span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#93;</span></a></sup>\n</p><p>Im Herbst 1898 litt Marie Curie an Entzündungen der Fingerspitzen, welche die ersten bekannten Symptome der <a href=\"/wiki/Strahlenkrankheit\" title=\"Strahlenkrankheit\">Strahlenkrankheit</a> waren, an der sie später litt.<sup id=\"cite&#95;ref-19\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-19\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#91;</span>19<span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#93;</span></a></sup> Nach einem ausgedehnten Sommerurlaub in der <a href=\"/wiki/Auvergne\" title=\"Auvergne\">Auvergne</a> nahm das Paar am 11.&#160;November die Suche nach dem zweiten unbekannten Element wieder auf. Mit der Hilfe von <a href=\"/wiki/Gustave_B%C3%A9mont\" title=\"Gustave Bémont\">Gustave Bémont</a> gelang es ihnen schnell, eine Probe herzustellen, die 900-mal so stark wie <a href=\"/wiki/Uran\" title=\"Uran\">Uran</a> strahlte. Am 20.&#160;Dezember<sup id=\"cite&#95;ref-20\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-20\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#91;</span>20<span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#93;</span></a></sup> erhielt das neue Element im Laborbuch der Curies den Namen <a href=\"/wiki/Radium\" title=\"Radium\">Radium</a>. Diesmal ergab die von Eugène-Anatole Demarçay an der Probe vorgenommene spektroskopische Untersuchung eine <a href=\"/wiki/Spektrallinie\" title=\"Spektrallinie\">Spektrallinie</a>, die sich keinem bisher bekannten Element zuordnen ließ. Am 26.&#160;Dezember 1898 war es erneut Becquerel, der vor der Akademie von den Forschungsergebnissen der Curies berichtete.\n</p>\n<div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading4\"><h4 id=\"Nobelpreis_für_Physik\"><span id=\"Nobelpreis_f.C3.BCr_Physik\"></span>Nobelpreis für Physik</h4><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">[</span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Marie_Curie&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=6\" title=\"Abschnitt bearbeiten: Nobelpreis für Physik\" class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\"><span>Bearbeiten</span></a><span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | </span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Marie_Curie&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6\" title=\"Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Nobelpreis für Physik\"><span>Quelltext bearbeiten</span></a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">]</span></span></div>\n<figure class=\"mw-default-size\" typeof=\"mw:File/Thumb\"><a href=\"/wiki/Datei:Marie_and_Pierre_Curie%27s_Nobel_Prize_in_Physics_1903.jpg\" class=\"mw-file-description\"><img src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Marie_and_Pierre_Curie%27s_Nobel_Prize_in_Physics_1903.jpg/500px-Marie_and_Pierre_Curie%27s_Nobel_Prize_in_Physics_1903.jpg?utm_source=de.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"380\" height=\"245\" style=\"--mw-file-upright: 1.5\" class=\"mw-file-element mw-file-upright\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Marie_and_Pierre_Curie%27s_Nobel_Prize_in_Physics_1903.jpg/960px-Marie_and_Pierre_Curie%27s_Nobel_Prize_in_Physics_1903.jpg?utm_source=de.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" data-file-width=\"1013\" data-file-height=\"652\" /></a><figcaption>Urkunde des <a href=\"/wiki/Nobelpreis_f%C3%BCr_Physik\" title=\"Nobelpreis für Physik\">Physiknobelpreises</a> von 1903</figcaption></figure>\n<figure class=\"mw-default-size\" typeof=\"mw:File/Thumb\"><a href=\"/wiki/Datei:Curie_-_%C5%92uvres_de_Pierre_Curie,_1908_-_Pl._II_-_Vue_2.png\" class=\"mw-file-description\"><img src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Curie_-_%C5%92uvres_de_Pierre_Curie%2C_1908_-_Pl._II_-_Vue_2.png/250px-Curie_-_%C5%92uvres_de_Pierre_Curie%2C_1908_-_Pl._II_-_Vue_2.png?utm_source=de.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"250\" height=\"194\" class=\"mw-file-element\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Curie_-_%C5%92uvres_de_Pierre_Curie%2C_1908_-_Pl._II_-_Vue_2.png/500px-Curie_-_%C5%92uvres_de_Pierre_Curie%2C_1908_-_Pl._II_-_Vue_2.png?utm_source=de.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" data-file-width=\"1664\" data-file-height=\"1290\" /></a><figcaption>In diesem Schuppen isolierte Marie Curie das <a href=\"/wiki/Radium\" title=\"Radium\">Radium</a>.</figcaption></figure>\n<figure class=\"mw-default-size\" typeof=\"mw:File/Thumb\"><a href=\"/wiki/Datei:Marie_Curie-Theses_1903.jpg\" class=\"mw-file-description\"><img src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Marie_Curie-Theses_1903.jpg/250px-Marie_Curie-Theses_1903.jpg?utm_source=de.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"190\" height=\"287\" style=\"--mw-file-upright: 0.75\" class=\"mw-file-element mw-file-upright\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Marie_Curie-Theses_1903.jpg/500px-Marie_Curie-Theses_1903.jpg?utm_source=de.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" data-file-width=\"600\" data-file-height=\"907\" /></a><figcaption>Titelblatt von Marie Curies Doktorarbeit</figcaption></figure>\n<p>Anfang 1899 verlagerte das Forscherpaar seine Arbeitsschwerpunkte. Gemeinsam mit <a href=\"/wiki/Georges_Sagnac\" title=\"Georges Sagnac\">Georges Sagnac</a> und <a href=\"/wiki/Andr%C3%A9-Louis_Debierne\" title=\"André-Louis Debierne\">André-Louis Debierne</a> beschäftigte sich Pierre Curie mit den physikalischen Wirkungen der Radioaktivität. Marie Curie konzentrierte sich vollständig auf die chemische Isolierung des Radiums. Dafür benötigte sie große Mengen Pechblende. Durch die Vermittlung von <a href=\"/wiki/Eduard_Suess\" title=\"Eduard Suess\">Eduard Suess</a>, dem amtierenden Präsidenten der <a href=\"/wiki/%C3%96sterreichische_Akademie_der_Wissenschaften\" title=\"Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften\">Akademie der Wissenschaften</a> in <a href=\"/wiki/Wien\" title=\"Wien\">Wien</a>, erhielt sie eine Tonne Pechblendenabfälle aus <a href=\"/wiki/J%C3%A1chymov\" title=\"Jáchymov\">Sankt Joachimsthal</a>, für die sie nur die Transportkosten übernehmen musste. Von der <a href=\"/wiki/%C3%89cole_sup%C3%A9rieure_de_physique_et_de_chimie_industrielles_de_la_ville_de_Paris\" title=\"École supérieure de physique et de chimie industrielles de la ville de Paris\">EPCI</a> bekam sie die Erlaubnis, einen zugigen Schuppen, der vorher als Sezierraum diente, für ihre langwierige und physisch anstrengende Arbeit zu benutzen.\n</p><p>Im März 1900 zogen Marie und Pierre Curie in eine Wohnung am <a href=\"/wiki/Boulevard_Kellermann\" title=\"Boulevard Kellermann\">Boulevard Kellermann</a>. Im selben Jahr wurde Marie als erste Frau an die <i><a href=\"/wiki/%C3%89cole_normale_sup%C3%A9rieure_de_jeunes_filles\" title=\"École normale supérieure de jeunes filles\">École normale supérieure de jeunes filles</a></i> (ENSJF) in <a href=\"/wiki/S%C3%A8vres\" title=\"Sèvres\">Sèvres</a> berufen, die als Frankreichs renommierteste Ausbildungsstätte für zukünftige Lehrerinnen galt,<sup id=\"cite&#95;ref-21\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-21\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#91;</span>21<span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#93;</span></a></sup> um dort Physik zu lehren. Auf einem Physikerkongress anlässlich der <a href=\"/wiki/Weltausstellung_Paris_1900\" title=\"Weltausstellung Paris 1900\">Pariser Weltausstellung</a> stellten die Curies ihre Forschungsergebnisse über Radioaktivität zahlreichen ausländischen Physikern vor und verfassten aus diesem Anlass ihre bis dahin umfangreichste Abhandlung mit dem Titel <i>Die neuen radioaktiven Substanzen und die von ihnen emittierten Strahlen</i>.\n</p><p>Die <i>Académie des sciences</i> unterstützte Marie Curies Arbeit finanziell. Noch zweimal, 1900<sup id=\"cite&#95;ref-22\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-22\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#91;</span>22<span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#93;</span></a></sup> und 1902<sup id=\"cite&#95;ref-23\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-23\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#91;</span>23<span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#93;</span></a></sup>, wurde ihr der <i>Prix Gegner</i> verliehen. 1903 erhielt sie den mit 10.000&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Franz%C3%B6sischer_Franc\" title=\"Französischer Franc\">Francs</a><sup id=\"cite&#95;ref-24\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-24\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#91;</span>24<span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#93;</span></a></sup> dotierten <i>Prix La Caze</i>. Die Fortsetzung ihrer Radiumforschung sicherte die Akademie im März 1902 mit einem Kredit über 20.000&#160;Francs. Im Juli 1902 hatte Marie Curie ein Dezigramm <a href=\"/wiki/Radiumchlorid\" title=\"Radiumchlorid\">Radiumchlorid</a> gewonnen und konnte damit die <a href=\"/wiki/Atommasse\" title=\"Atommasse\">Atommasse</a> des Radiums sehr genau bestimmen.\n</p><p>Sie wandte sich anschließend ihrer <a href=\"/wiki/Dissertation\" title=\"Dissertation\">Dissertation</a> mit dem Titel <i>Recherches sur les substances radioactives</i> (deutsch: <i>Untersuchungen über die radioaktiven Substanzen</i>) zu. Die von Dekan <a href=\"/wiki/Paul_Appell\" title=\"Paul Appell\">Paul Appell</a> am 11.&#160;Mai 1903 zugelassene Doktorarbeit verteidigte sie am 25.&#160;Juni vor Gabriel Lippmann, Henri Moissan und Edmond Bouty. Die Dissertation wurde innerhalb eines Jahres in fünf Sprachen übersetzt und 17-mal abgedruckt,<sup id=\"cite&#95;ref-25\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-25\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#91;</span>25<span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#93;</span></a></sup> darunter in den von <a href=\"/wiki/William_Crookes\" title=\"William Crookes\">William Crookes</a> herausgegebenen <i>Chemical News</i> und den <i><a href=\"/wiki/Annales_de_Chimie\" title=\"Annales de Chimie\">Annales de physique et chimie</a></i>.\n</p><p>Anfang 1903 traten bei Marie und Pierre Curie erste gesundheitliche Probleme auf, die sie jedoch auf Überarbeitung zurückführten.<sup id=\"cite&#95;ref-26\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-26\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#91;</span>26<span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#93;</span></a></sup> Marie Curie hatte im August 1903 eine Fehlgeburt, die sie gesundheitlich weiter schwächte. Als die <a href=\"/wiki/Royal_Society\" title=\"Royal Society\">Royal Society</a> dem Ehepaar am 5.&#160;November 1903 die <i><a href=\"/wiki/Davy-Medaille\" title=\"Davy-Medaille\">Davy-Medaille</a></i> zusprach, die jährlich für die wichtigste Entdeckung auf dem Gebiet der Chemie vergeben wird, musste Pierre Curie allein nach <a href=\"/wiki/London\" title=\"London\">London</a> reisen, um den Preis entgegenzunehmen.\n</p><p>Mitte November erhielten die Curies einen Brief von der <a href=\"/wiki/K%C3%B6niglich_Schwedische_Akademie_der_Wissenschaften\" title=\"Königlich Schwedische Akademie der Wissenschaften\">Schwedischen Akademie der Wissenschaften</a>, in dem ihnen mitgeteilt wurde, dass sie „in Anerkennung der außerordentlichen Leistungen, die sie sich durch ihre gemeinsame Forschung über die von Professor Henri Becquerel entdeckten Strahlungsphänomene erworben haben“<sup id=\"cite&#95;ref-27\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-27\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#91;</span>27<span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#93;</span></a></sup> gemeinsam mit Henri Becquerel den <a href=\"/wiki/Nobelpreis_f%C3%BCr_Physik\" title=\"Nobelpreis für Physik\">Nobelpreis für Physik</a> erhalten sollten. Die Einladung zum offiziellen Festakt im Dezember 1903 nahmen sie unter Hinweis auf ihre Unterrichtsverpflichtungen und Maries schlechte Gesundheit nicht wahr. Die Reise nach <a href=\"/wiki/Stockholm\" title=\"Stockholm\">Stockholm</a>, während der Pierre Curie einen Nobel-Vortrag über radioaktive Substanzen und speziell Radium hielt, traten sie erst im Juni 1905 an.\n</p>\n<div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading4\"><h4 id=\"Professorin_an_der_Sorbonne\">Professorin an der Sorbonne</h4><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">[</span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Marie_Curie&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=7\" title=\"Abschnitt bearbeiten: Professorin an der Sorbonne\" class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\"><span>Bearbeiten</span></a><span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | </span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Marie_Curie&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7\" title=\"Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Professorin an der Sorbonne\"><span>Quelltext bearbeiten</span></a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">]</span></span></div>\n<p>Nach der Zuerkennung des Nobelpreises gerieten Marie und Pierre Curie in die Schlagzeilen der französischen Presse. So schrieb beispielsweise <i><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Les_Dimanches&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" class=\"new\" title=\"Les Dimanches (Seite nicht vorhanden)\">Les Dimanches</a></i>: „Der Fall von Monsieur und Madame Curie, die auf dem Gebiet der Wissenschaft zusammenarbeiten, ist gewiss nicht das Übliche. Eine Idylle im Physiklabor, das hat die Welt noch nicht gesehen.“&#32;(<sup id=\"cite&#95;ref-28\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-28\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#91;</span>28<span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#93;</span></a></sup>) Marie Curies Rolle bei der Erforschung des Radiums wurde wechselweise unterschätzt oder übertrieben und ihre polnische Herkunft gern übersehen. Durch das Eindringen der Reporter in ihre Privatsphäre fühlten sich die Curies mehr und mehr bedrängt.<sup id=\"cite&#95;ref-29\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-29\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#91;</span>29<span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#93;</span></a></sup>\n</p><p>Am 1. Oktober 1904 trat Pierre Curie seine Professur an dem eigens für ihn geschaffenen Lehrstuhl für allgemeine Physik an der Sorbonne an, und Marie Curie wurde die Leitung der wissenschaftlichen Arbeiten <i>(chef des travaux)</i> des Laboratoriums übertragen.\n</p><p>Anfang Dezember 1904 wurde ihre zweite Tochter <a href=\"/wiki/%C3%88ve_Curie\" title=\"Ève Curie\">Ève</a> geboren.\n</p><p>Am 19. April 1906 geriet Pierre Curie unter die Räder eines Lastfuhrwerkes und starb noch am Unfallort.<sup id=\"cite&#95;ref-30\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-30\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#91;</span>30<span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#93;</span></a></sup> Marie Curie traf der Verlust schwer, hatte sie doch sowohl ihren geliebten Lebenspartner als auch ihren wissenschaftlichen Mitstreiter verloren.<sup id=\"cite&#95;ref-31\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-31\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#91;</span>31<span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#93;</span></a></sup> In den folgenden Jahren, in denen sie an Depressionen litt,<sup id=\"cite&#95;ref-32\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-32\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#91;</span>32<span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#93;</span></a></sup> waren Pierres Vater Eugène Curie und sein Bruder <a href=\"/wiki/Jacques_Curie\" title=\"Jacques Curie\">Jacques Curie</a> ihr und ihren Kindern eine große Unterstützung. Im Frühjahr 1907 zog sie in die Rue Chemin de fer in <a href=\"/wiki/Sceaux\" title=\"Sceaux\">Sceaux</a>, um näher an Pierres Grab zu sein. Nach seinem Tod nahm sie (teilweise) wieder ihren Mädchennamen an.\n</p><p>Die naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät der Universität musste entscheiden, wer Pierre Curies Lehrstuhl übernehmen sollte. Da Marie Curie die geeignetste Kandidatin war, um seine Vorlesungen fortzusetzen, schlug eine Kommission am 3.&#160;Mai vor, ihr die Kursverantwortung <i>(chargé de cours)</i> und die Leitung des Laboratoriums zu übertragen, den Lehrstuhl jedoch unbesetzt zu lassen. Marie Curie gab ihre Lehrtätigkeit an der Mädchenschule in Sèvres auf und hielt unter großer öffentlicher Aufmerksamkeit am 5.&#160;November 1906 ihre erste Vorlesung. Sie war die erste Frau, die an der Sorbonne lehrte.<sup id=\"cite&#95;ref-33\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-33\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#91;</span>33<span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#93;</span></a></sup> Die ordentliche Professur für Physik wurde ihr erst zwei Jahre später übertragen, am 16.&#160;November 1908.\n</p>\n<div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading4\"><h4 id=\"Der_internationale_Radiumstandard\">Der internationale Radiumstandard</h4><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">[</span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Marie_Curie&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=8\" title=\"Abschnitt bearbeiten: Der internationale Radiumstandard\" class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\"><span>Bearbeiten</span></a><span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | </span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Marie_Curie&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8\" title=\"Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Der internationale Radiumstandard\"><span>Quelltext bearbeiten</span></a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">]</span></span></div>\n<p>Über die Schaffung eines internationalen Radiumstandards verständigten sich Marie Curie und <a href=\"/wiki/Ernest_Rutherford\" title=\"Ernest Rutherford\">Ernest Rutherford</a> erstmals im Frühjahr 1910. Insbesondere der vermehrte Einsatz des Radiums in der Medizin erforderte genaue und vergleichbare Messwerte. Auf dem im Herbst in <a href=\"/wiki/Br%C3%BCssel\" title=\"Brüssel\">Brüssel</a> tagenden <i>Kongress für Radiologie und Elektrizität</i> wurde die zehnköpfige <i>Internationale Radium-Standard-Kommission</i> gebildet, der neben Ernest Rutherford, <a href=\"/wiki/Otto_Hahn\" title=\"Otto Hahn\">Otto Hahn</a> und <a href=\"/wiki/Frederick_Soddy\" title=\"Frederick Soddy\">Frederick Soddy</a> auch Marie Curie angehörte.<sup id=\"cite&#95;ref-34\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-34\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#91;</span>34<span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#93;</span></a></sup> Die Kommission legte fest, dass die Maßeinheit für die Aktivität „<a href=\"/wiki/Curie_(Einheit)\" title=\"Curie (Einheit)\">Curie</a>“ genannt werden sollte, und beauftragte Marie Curie mit der Herstellung einer 20&#160;Milligramm schweren Radiumprobe aus <a href=\"/wiki/Kristallwasser\" title=\"Kristallwasser\">kristallwasser</a>freiem Radiumchlorid, die als <a href=\"/wiki/Normal\" title=\"Normal\">Standard</a> dienen sollte.<sup id=\"cite&#95;ref-35\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-35\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#91;</span>35<span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#93;</span></a></sup> Weitere Proben sollten am von <a href=\"/wiki/Stefan_Meyer_(Physiker)\" title=\"Stefan Meyer (Physiker)\">Stefan Meyer</a> geleiteten <i>Wiener Radiuminstitut</i> hergestellt werden. Der Vergleich der Proben sollte mittels <a href=\"/wiki/Aktinometer\" title=\"Aktinometer\">aktinometrischer</a> Messung der von den Präparaten ausgesandten <a href=\"/wiki/Gammastrahlung\" title=\"Gammastrahlung\">Gammastrahlung</a> erfolgen.\n</p><p>Im August 1911 hatte Marie Curies Labor eine 22&#160;Milligramm schwere Probe aus Radiumchlorid fertiggestellt, die bei einem Treffen der Radiumstandard-Kommission Ende März 1912 in Paris offiziell zum internationalen Standard erklärt wurde. Gemeinsam mit <a href=\"/wiki/Andr%C3%A9-Louis_Debierne\" title=\"André-Louis Debierne\">André-Louis Debierne</a> hinterlegte sie das Glasröhrchen mit dem Radium-Standard am 21.&#160;Februar 1913 beim <i><a href=\"/wiki/Internationales_B%C3%BCro_f%C3%BCr_Ma%C3%9F_und_Gewicht\" title=\"Internationales Büro für Maß und Gewicht\">Bureau International des Poids et Mesures</a></i> in Sèvres.\n</p>\n<div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading3\"><h3 id=\"Öffentliche_Wahrnehmung_1910/1911\"><span id=\".C3.96ffentliche_Wahrnehmung_1910.2F1911\"></span>Öffentliche Wahrnehmung 1910/1911</h3><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">[</span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Marie_Curie&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=9\" title=\"Abschnitt bearbeiten: Öffentliche Wahrnehmung 1910/1911\" class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\"><span>Bearbeiten</span></a><span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | </span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Marie_Curie&amp;action=edit&amp;section=9\" title=\"Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Öffentliche Wahrnehmung 1910/1911\"><span>Quelltext bearbeiten</span></a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">]</span></span></div>\n<div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading4\"><h4 id=\"Gescheiterte_Aufnahme_in_die_Académie_des_sciences\"><span id=\"Gescheiterte_Aufnahme_in_die_Acad.C3.A9mie_des_sciences\"></span>Gescheiterte Aufnahme in die <i>Académie des sciences</i></h4><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">[</span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Marie_Curie&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=10\" title=\"Abschnitt bearbeiten: Gescheiterte Aufnahme in die Académie des sciences\" class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\"><span>Bearbeiten</span></a><span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | </span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Marie_Curie&amp;action=edit&amp;section=10\" title=\"Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Gescheiterte Aufnahme in die Académie des sciences\"><span>Quelltext bearbeiten</span></a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">]</span></span></div>\n<p>Bei einer Abstimmung über die Besetzung eines freien Platzes in der <i><a href=\"/wiki/Acad%C3%A9mie_des_sciences\" title=\"Académie des sciences\">Académie des sciences</a></i> unterlag Curie im Januar 1911 knapp dem Physiker <a href=\"/wiki/%C3%89douard_Branly\" title=\"Édouard Branly\">Édouard Branly</a>. Der Platz war am 31.&#160;Oktober 1910 durch den Tod des Chemikers und Physikers <a href=\"/w/index.php?title=D%C3%A9sir%C3%A9_Gernez&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" class=\"new\" title=\"Désiré Gernez (Seite nicht vorhanden)\">Désiré Gernez</a> (1834–1910) frei geworden. Schon bald danach spekulierte die französische Presse über eine Kandidatur Curies.<sup id=\"cite&#95;ref-36\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-36\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#91;</span>36<span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#93;</span></a></sup> Sie war bereits Mitglied der Schwedischen (1910), Tschechischen (1909) und Polnischen Akademie (1909), der Amerikanischen Philosophischen Gesellschaft (1910) und der Kaiserlichen Akademie in St.&#160;Petersburg (1908) sowie Ehrenmitglied zahlreicher weiterer wissenschaftlicher Vereinigungen. In einem umfangreichen Artikel in der Zeitung <i><a href=\"/wiki/Le_Temps_(Frankreich)\" title=\"Le Temps (Frankreich)\">Le Temps</a></i>, der am 31.&#160;Dezember 1910 erschien, setzte sich <a href=\"/wiki/Jean_Gaston_Darboux\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Jean Gaston Darboux\">Jean Gaston Darboux</a>, der Sekretär der Akademie, öffentlich für eine Kandidatur von Marie Curie ein.<sup id=\"cite&#95;ref-37\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-37\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#91;</span>37<span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#93;</span></a></sup>\n</p><p>Am 4. Januar 1911 kamen zur planmäßigen Plenarsitzung des <i><a href=\"/wiki/Institut_de_France\" title=\"Institut de France\">Institut de France</a></i> im <i>Palais Mazarin</i> doppelt so viele Mitglieder wie üblich, um unter der Leitung von <a href=\"/wiki/Arthur_Chuquet\" title=\"Arthur Chuquet\">Arthur Chuquet</a> über die Kandidatur Marie Curies zu diskutieren. Nach kontroverser Diskussion erhielt ein Antrag, an den Traditionen des Institutes festzuhalten und keine weiblichen Mitglieder zuzulassen, eine Mehrheit von 85 zu 60 Stimmen.<sup id=\"cite&#95;ref-38\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-38\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#91;</span>38<span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#93;</span></a></sup> Fünf Tage nach dieser Entscheidung trat ein Komitee der <i>Académie des sciences</i> in einer geheimen Sitzung zusammen, um die Nominierungen für den vakanten Sitz vorzunehmen.<sup id=\"cite&#95;ref-39\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-39\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#91;</span>39<span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#93;</span></a></sup> Entgegen dem Beschluss des Institutes wurde Marie Curie an die erste Stelle der Nominierungsliste gesetzt, die am 17.&#160;Januar offiziell bekanntgegeben wurde. Ihr schärfster Konkurrent unter den sechs weiteren Nominierten war der Physiker <a href=\"/wiki/%C3%89douard_Branly\" title=\"Édouard Branly\">Édouard Branly</a>, mit dem sie 1903 gemeinsam den <i>Prix Osiris</i> erhalten hatte. Am 24.&#160;Januar 1911 fand die endgültige Abstimmung statt. Für die Wahl in die Akademie war die absolute Stimmenmehrheit der anwesenden 58&#160;Mitglieder notwendig, also 30&#160;Stimmen. Bei der ersten Abstimmung erhielt Edouard Branly 29&#160;Stimmen, Marie Curie 28&#160;Stimmen und <a href=\"/wiki/Marcel_Brillouin\" title=\"Marcel Brillouin\">Marcel Brillouin</a> eine Stimme. Im zweiten Wahlgang entfielen 30&#160;Stimmen auf Branly und 28&#160;Stimmen auf Marie Curie, die damit die Wahl verloren hatte.\n</p><p>An der begleitenden Pressedebatte beteiligte sich das gesamte politische Spektrum der Pariser Tagesblätter. Die sozialistische Zeitung <i><a href=\"/wiki/L%E2%80%99Humanit%C3%A9\" title=\"L’Humanité\">L’Humanité</a></i> verspottete das <i>Institut de France</i> als „frauenfeindliches Institut“.<sup id=\"cite&#95;ref-40\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-40\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#91;</span>40<span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#93;</span></a></sup> <a href=\"/wiki/Le_Figaro\" title=\"Le Figaro\">Le Figaro</a> schrieb dagegen, „man solle nicht versuchen … die Frau dem Manne gleich zu machen!“<sup id=\"cite&#95;ref-41\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-41\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#91;</span>41<span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#93;</span></a></sup> Die schärfsten Angriffe kamen von den rechtsgerichteten Tageszeitungen <i><a href=\"/wiki/Action_fran%C3%A7aise\" title=\"Action française\">Action française</a></i> von <a href=\"/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Daudet\" title=\"Léon Daudet\">Léon Daudet</a> und <i>L’Intransigeant</i>.\n</p><p>Marie Curie bewarb sich nie wieder um einen Platz in der Akademie. Erst 51 Jahre nach ihrem vergeblichen Versuch wählte die <i>Académie des sciences</i> mit der Entdeckerin des <a href=\"/wiki/Francium\" title=\"Francium\">Franciums</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Marguerite_Perey\" title=\"Marguerite Perey\">Marguerite Perey</a>, eine Frau in ihre Reihen.<sup id=\"cite&#95;ref-sq486&#95;42-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-sq486-42\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#91;</span>42<span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#93;</span></a></sup>\n</p>\n<div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading4\"><h4 id=\"Die_„Langevin-Affäre“\"><span id=\"Die_.E2.80.9ELangevin-Aff.C3.A4re.E2.80.9C\"></span>Die „Langevin-Affäre“</h4><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">[</span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Marie_Curie&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=11\" title=\"Abschnitt bearbeiten: Die „Langevin-Affäre“\" class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\"><span>Bearbeiten</span></a><span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | </span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Marie_Curie&amp;action=edit&amp;section=11\" title=\"Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Die „Langevin-Affäre“\"><span>Quelltext bearbeiten</span></a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">]</span></span></div>\n<figure class=\"mw-default-size\" typeof=\"mw:File/Thumb\"><a href=\"/wiki/Datei:1911_Solvay_conference.jpg\" class=\"mw-file-description\"><img src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/1911_Solvay_conference.jpg/250px-1911_Solvay_conference.jpg?utm_source=de.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"250\" height=\"177\" class=\"mw-file-element\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/1911_Solvay_conference.jpg/500px-1911_Solvay_conference.jpg?utm_source=de.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" data-file-width=\"1920\" data-file-height=\"1362\" /></a><figcaption>Paul Langevin (ganz rechts neben <a href=\"/wiki/Albert_Einstein\" title=\"Albert Einstein\">Albert Einstein</a> stehend) und Marie Curie (in der Mitte am Tisch sitzend) während der ersten <a href=\"/wiki/Solvay-Konferenz#Erste_Solvay-Konferenz_für_Physik_(1911)\" title=\"Solvay-Konferenz\">Solvay-Konferenz für Physik</a> im Jahr 1911</figcaption></figure>\n<p>Ende 1911 beschäftigte sich die französische Presse mit Curies Beziehung zu dem fünf Jahre jüngeren <a href=\"/wiki/Paul_Langevin\" title=\"Paul Langevin\">Paul Langevin</a>, einem Schüler ihres 1906 verstorbenen Ehemanns Pierre. Die Familien waren miteinander befreundet und verbrachten gelegentlich den Sommerurlaub miteinander. Wohl spätestens seit Mitte Juli 1910<sup id=\"cite&#95;ref-43\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-43\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#91;</span>43<span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#93;</span></a></sup> hatten Marie Curie und Paul Langevin eine Liebesbeziehung. Sie trafen sich in einer gemeinsam angemieteten Wohnung, in der sie auch ihren Briefwechsel aufbewahrten. Langevins Frau wurde bald auf die Vertrautheit der beiden aufmerksam und drohte Marie Curie mit Mord.<sup id=\"cite&#95;ref-44\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-44\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#91;</span>44<span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#93;</span></a></sup> Um Ostern 1911 wurden die Briefe, die sich Marie Curie und Paul Langevin geschrieben hatten, aus ihrer gemeinsamen Wohnung entwendet.<sup id=\"cite&#95;ref-45\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-45\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#91;</span>45<span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#93;</span></a></sup> Im August 1911 reichte Langevins Frau die Scheidung ein und verklagte ihren Ehemann wegen „Verkehrs mit einer Konkubine in der ehelichen Wohnung“.<sup id=\"cite&#95;ref-46\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-46\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#91;</span>46<span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#93;</span></a></sup> Um für die öffentliche Gerichtsverhandlung und die drohende Veröffentlichung der Briefe gewappnet zu sein, versicherte sich Marie Curie der Hilfe des Anwalts <a href=\"/wiki/Alexandre_Millerand\" title=\"Alexandre Millerand\">Alexandre Millerand</a>, der in den 1920er Jahren französischer Staatspräsident wurde.\n</p><p>Einen Tag nach dem Ende der ersten <a href=\"/wiki/Solvay-Konferenz\" title=\"Solvay-Konferenz\">Solvay-Konferenz</a>, die vom 30.&#160;Oktober bis zum 3.&#160;November 1911 stattfand und an der Curie als einzige Frau teilnahm, veröffentlichte <a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Fernand_Hauser&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" class=\"new\" title=\"Fernand Hauser (Seite nicht vorhanden)\">Fernand Hauser</a> (1869–1941) in der Zeitschrift <i>Le Journal</i> einen Artikel mit der Schlagzeile „Eine Liebesgeschichte. Madame Curie und Professor Langevin“. Die Zeitung <i>Le Petit Journal</i> folgte am darauf folgenden Tag mit der gleichen Geschichte<sup id=\"cite&#95;ref-47\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-47\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#91;</span>47<span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#93;</span></a></sup> und drohte am 6.&#160;November mit der Veröffentlichung von Liebesbriefen.<sup id=\"cite&#95;ref-48\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-48\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#91;</span>48<span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#93;</span></a></sup> Vier Tage nach den ersten Vorwürfen veröffentlichte <i>Le Temps</i> eine Gegendarstellung Curies, in der sie die Anschuldigungen energisch bestritt.<sup id=\"cite&#95;ref-49\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-49\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#91;</span>49<span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#93;</span></a></sup> Linke Zeitschriften und Zeitungen wie <i>Gil Blas</i> oder <i><a href=\"/wiki/L%E2%80%99Humanit%C3%A9\" title=\"L’Humanité\">L’Humanité</a></i><sup id=\"cite&#95;ref-50\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-50\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#91;</span>50<span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#93;</span></a></sup> verteidigten Curie, während die gemäßigte Presse schwieg. Wissenschaftler wie Perrin, Poincaré, Borel, Einstein und Pierres Bruder Jacques unterstützten sie.\n</p><p>Ab dem 18. November 1911 griff <a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Maurice_Pujo&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" class=\"new\" title=\"Maurice Pujo (Seite nicht vorhanden)\">Maurice Pujo</a> (1872–1955), Mitgründer der Zeitschrift <i><a href=\"/wiki/Action_fran%C3%A7aise\" title=\"Action française\">L’Action française</a></i>, in einer Artikelserie mit dem Titel <i>Pour une mère</i> (deutsch: <i>Für eine Mutter</i>) Marie Curie fast täglich an. <i>L’Action française</i> und <i>L’Intransigeant</i> drohten mit einer Veröffentlichung ihres Briefwechsels mit Paul Langevin. Fünf Tage später veröffentlichte <a href=\"/wiki/Gustave_T%C3%A9ry\" title=\"Gustave Téry\">Gustave Téry</a> in <i><a href=\"/wiki/L%E2%80%99%C5%92uvre\" title=\"L’Œuvre\">L’Œuvre</a></i> einen zehnseitigen Auszug aus der Korrespondenz vom Sommer 1910.<sup id=\"cite&#95;ref-51\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-51\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#91;</span>51<span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#93;</span></a></sup> Téry bezeichnete sie als „eine Fremde, eine Intellektuelle, eine Emanze“<sup id=\"cite&#95;ref-52\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-52\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#91;</span>52<span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#93;</span></a></sup> und als eine Ausländerin, die ein französisches Heim zerstöre. In der Folge kam es zu fünf <a href=\"/wiki/Duell\" title=\"Duell\">Duellen</a>, darunter am 26.&#160;November eines zwischen Paul Langevin und Gustave Téry. Bei diesem Pistolenduell erfolgte jedoch kein Schusswechsel.<sup id=\"cite&#95;ref-53\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-53\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#91;</span>53<span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#93;</span></a></sup>\n</p><p>Die Anfeindungen erreichten ihren Höhepunkt, als die Zeitung <i>L’Œuvre</i> Marie Curies zweiten Vornamen <i>Salomea</i> „entdeckte“ und in ihrer Ausgabe vom 20.&#160;Dezember 1911 fragte: „Ist Madame Curie Jüdin?“ und behauptete: „Ihr Vater ist in der Tat ein konvertierter Jude“.<sup id=\"cite&#95;ref-54\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-54\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#91;</span>54<span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#93;</span></a></sup> Nachdem sich Paul Langevin und seine Frau außergerichtlich geeinigt hatten, ebbten die Angriffe schließlich ab.<sup id=\"cite&#95;ref-55\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-55\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#91;</span>55<span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#93;</span></a></sup> Die während der „Langevin-Affäre“ erhobenen Vorwürfe und der damit verbundene „Makel“ begleiteten Marie Curie für den Rest ihres Lebens.<sup id=\"cite&#95;ref-56\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-56\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#91;</span>56<span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#93;</span></a></sup>\n</p>\n<div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading3\"><h3 id=\"Nobelpreis_für_Chemie_und_weitere_Forschungen\"><span id=\"Nobelpreis_f.C3.BCr_Chemie_und_weitere_Forschungen\"></span>Nobelpreis für Chemie und weitere Forschungen</h3><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">[</span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Marie_Curie&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=12\" title=\"Abschnitt bearbeiten: Nobelpreis für Chemie und weitere Forschungen\" class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\"><span>Bearbeiten</span></a><span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | </span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Marie_Curie&amp;action=edit&amp;section=12\" title=\"Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Nobelpreis für Chemie und weitere Forschungen\"><span>Quelltext bearbeiten</span></a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">]</span></span></div>\n<figure class=\"mw-default-size\" typeof=\"mw:File/Thumb\"><a href=\"/wiki/Datei:Marie_Sk%C5%82odowska-Curie%27s_Nobel_Prize_in_Chemistry_1911.jpg\" class=\"mw-file-description\"><img src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Marie_Sk%C5%82odowska-Curie%27s_Nobel_Prize_in_Chemistry_1911.jpg/500px-Marie_Sk%C5%82odowska-Curie%27s_Nobel_Prize_in_Chemistry_1911.jpg?utm_source=de.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"380\" height=\"258\" style=\"--mw-file-upright: 1.5\" class=\"mw-file-element mw-file-upright\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Marie_Sk%C5%82odowska-Curie%27s_Nobel_Prize_in_Chemistry_1911.jpg/960px-Marie_Sk%C5%82odowska-Curie%27s_Nobel_Prize_in_Chemistry_1911.jpg?utm_source=de.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" data-file-width=\"1508\" data-file-height=\"1024\" /></a><figcaption>Urkunde des <a href=\"/wiki/Nobelpreis_f%C3%BCr_Chemie\" title=\"Nobelpreis für Chemie\">Chemienobelpreises</a> von 1911</figcaption></figure>\n<p>Als die Veröffentlichungen über die <a href=\"#Die_„Langevin-Affäre“\">„Langevin-Affäre“</a> in der französischen Presse begannen, wurde in Stockholm über die Vergabe des <a href=\"/wiki/Nobelpreis_f%C3%BCr_Chemie\" title=\"Nobelpreis für Chemie\">Nobelpreises für Chemie</a> beraten. Das über die Berichte besorgte Nobelkomitee beauftragte <a href=\"/w/index.php?title=August_Gyldenstolpe&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" class=\"new\" title=\"August Gyldenstolpe (Seite nicht vorhanden)\">August Gyldenstolpe</a> (1849–1928), den Botschafter Schwedens in Frankreich, Curie und Langevin zu den Vorwürfen zu befragen.<sup id=\"cite&#95;ref-57\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-57\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#91;</span>57<span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#93;</span></a></sup> Mit der Entscheidung der Akademie vom 7.&#160;November 1911, Marie Curie den Chemiepreis zuzuerkennen, die ihr <a href=\"/wiki/Christopher_Aurivillius\" title=\"Christopher Aurivillius\">Christopher Aurivillius</a>, der damalige Ständige Sekretär der <a href=\"/wiki/K%C3%B6niglich_Schwedische_Akademie_der_Wissenschaften\" title=\"Königlich Schwedische Akademie der Wissenschaften\">Schwedischen Akademie der Wissenschaften</a> telegraphisch mitteilte, wurde erstmals einer Person zum zweiten Mal ein <a href=\"/wiki/Nobelpreis\" title=\"Nobelpreis\">Nobelpreis</a> zuerkannt.\n</p><p>Die französischen Medien berichteten allerdings nur spärlich über diese Auszeichnung. Die anschließende Veröffentlichung des Briefwechsels und das Duell Langevins versetzte die Schwedische Akademie der Wissenschaften in Unruhe: Das Akademiemitglied <a href=\"/wiki/Svante_Arrhenius\" title=\"Svante Arrhenius\">Svante Arrhenius</a>, Chemie-Nobelpreisträger von 1903, schrieb ihr einen Brief, in dem er versuchte, sie von einer Reise zur Preisverleihung abzubringen, was sie allerdings bestimmt zurückwies.<sup id=\"cite&#95;ref-58\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-58\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#91;</span>58<span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#93;</span></a></sup> Allen Widerständen zum Trotz reiste Marie Curie gemeinsam mit ihrer Schwester Bronia und ihrer Tochter <a href=\"/wiki/Ir%C3%A8ne_Joliot-Curie\" title=\"Irène Joliot-Curie\">Irène</a> zur Nobelpreis-Zeremonie nach Stockholm, wo sie am 10.&#160;Dezember den Nobelpreis für Chemie „in Anerkennung ihrer Verdienste um den Fortschritt der Chemie durch die Entdeckung der Elemente Radium und Polonium, durch Isolierung des Radiums und die Untersuchung der Natur und der Verbindungen dieses bemerkenswerten Elementes“ entgegennahm. Besonders hervorgehoben wurde die ihr gemeinsam mit <a href=\"/wiki/Andr%C3%A9-Louis_Debierne\" title=\"André-Louis Debierne\">André-Louis Debierne</a> gelungene Herstellung von metallischem Radium. Am darauffolgenden Tag hielt sie ihre Nobelvorlesung.<sup id=\"cite&#95;ref-59\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-59\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#91;</span>59<span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#93;</span></a></sup>\n</p><p>Nach der Rückkehr aus Stockholm verschlechterte sich Marie Curies Gesundheitszustand. Sie litt an einer <a href=\"/wiki/Nierenbeckenentz%C3%BCndung\" title=\"Nierenbeckenentzündung\">Nierenbeckenentzündung</a>, die operativ behandelt werden musste. Sie zog von ihrem Haus in Sceaux, wo sie von Nachbarn beschimpft wurde, in den vierten Stock eines Apartmenthauses am <i>Quai de Béthune</i> auf der <a href=\"/wiki/%C3%8Ele_Saint-Louis\" title=\"Île Saint-Louis\">Île Saint-Louis</a> um. 1912 und 1913 reiste sie meist unter falschem Namen und bat Freunde und Verwandte, keine Auskunft über ihren Aufenthaltsort zu geben.<sup id=\"cite&#95;ref-60\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-60\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#91;</span>60<span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#93;</span></a></sup> Im Juli 1912 hielt sie sich in England bei <a href=\"/wiki/Hertha_Marks_Ayrton\" title=\"Hertha Marks Ayrton\">Hertha Marks Ayrton</a>, der Frau von <a href=\"/wiki/William_Edward_Ayrton\" title=\"William Edward Ayrton\">William Edward Ayrton</a>, auf, die sich vergeblich um eine Aufnahme in die Royal Society bemüht hatte und die ihr eine wichtige Freundin wurde. Elf Jahre lang veröffentlichte sie ihre Artikel nicht mehr in den <i><a href=\"/wiki/Comptes_rendus_de_l%E2%80%99Acad%C3%A9mie_des_sciences\" title=\"Comptes rendus de l’Académie des sciences\">Comptes rendus</a></i>, dem Publikationsorgan der Akademie der Wissenschaften, sondern bevorzugte stattdessen Zeitschriften wie <i>Le Radium</i> und das <i>Journal de physique</i>.\n</p><p>Im Verlauf des Jahres 1913 besserte sich ihr Gesundheitszustand, und sie konnte gemeinsam mit <a href=\"/wiki/Heike_Kamerlingh_Onnes\" title=\"Heike Kamerlingh Onnes\">Heike Kamerlingh Onnes</a> die Eigenschaften der Radiumstrahlung bei tiefen Temperaturen untersuchen. Im März 1913 erhielt sie Besuch von <a href=\"/wiki/Albert_Einstein\" title=\"Albert Einstein\">Albert Einstein</a>, mit dem sie einen Sommerausflug in das Schweizer <a href=\"/wiki/Engadin\" title=\"Engadin\">Engadin</a> unternahm. Im Oktober nahm sie an der zweiten <a href=\"/wiki/Solvay-Konferenz#Zweite_Solvay-Konferenz_für_Physik_(1913)\" title=\"Solvay-Konferenz\">Solvay-Konferenz</a> teil, und im November reiste sie nach Warschau, um das zu ihren Ehren erbaute Radium-Institut einzuweihen.\n</p>\n<div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading3\"><h3 id=\"Radiologin_im_Ersten_Weltkrieg\">Radiologin im Ersten Weltkrieg</h3><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">[</span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Marie_Curie&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=13\" title=\"Abschnitt bearbeiten: Radiologin im Ersten Weltkrieg\" class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\"><span>Bearbeiten</span></a><span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | </span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Marie_Curie&amp;action=edit&amp;section=13\" title=\"Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Radiologin im Ersten Weltkrieg\"><span>Quelltext bearbeiten</span></a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">]</span></span></div>\n<figure class=\"mw-default-size\" typeof=\"mw:File/Thumb\"><a href=\"/wiki/Datei:Marie_Curie_-_Mobile_X-Ray-Unit.jpg\" class=\"mw-file-description\"><img src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Marie_Curie_-_Mobile_X-Ray-Unit.jpg/250px-Marie_Curie_-_Mobile_X-Ray-Unit.jpg?utm_source=de.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"250\" height=\"163\" class=\"mw-file-element\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Marie_Curie_-_Mobile_X-Ray-Unit.jpg/500px-Marie_Curie_-_Mobile_X-Ray-Unit.jpg?utm_source=de.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" data-file-width=\"767\" data-file-height=\"500\" /></a><figcaption>Marie Curie am Steuer eines Röntgenwagens</figcaption></figure>\n<p>Bereits in der zweiten Kriegswoche des <a href=\"/wiki/Erster_Weltkrieg\" title=\"Erster Weltkrieg\">Ersten Weltkrieges</a> fand Marie Curie in der <a href=\"/wiki/Radiologie\" title=\"Radiologie\">Radiologie</a> ein neues Betätigungsfeld.<sup id=\"cite&#95;ref-61\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-61\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#91;</span>61<span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#93;</span></a></sup> Vom Radiologen Henri Béclère, einem Cousin von <a href=\"/wiki/Antoine_B%C3%A9cl%C3%A8re\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Antoine Béclère\">Antoine Béclère</a> (1856–1939), erlernte sie die Grundlagen der Strahlenbehandlung und vermittelte das Wissen umgehend an Freiwillige weiter.\n</p><p>In den Krankenhäusern, in denen sie arbeitete, herrschte ein akuter Mangel an Personal sowie an geeigneten <a href=\"/wiki/R%C3%B6ntgen\" title=\"Röntgen\">Röntgenapparaten</a>, und es gab nur eine unzureichende Stromversorgung. Diese Umstände brachten sie auf die Idee, eine mobile Röntgeneinrichtung zu schaffen, mit der verwundete Soldaten in unmittelbarer Nähe der Front untersucht werden könnten. Mit der Unterstützung der <a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Union_des_femmes_de_France&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" class=\"new\" title=\"Union des femmes de France (Seite nicht vorhanden)\">Französischen Frauenunion</a> gelang es Marie Curie, einen ersten Röntgenwagen auszustatten. Für einen Einsatz an der Front benötigte sie die Genehmigung des Militärgesundheitsdienstes <i>Service de Santé</i>. Dort fand sich jedoch niemand, der bereit war, ihren Antrag zu bearbeiten, bis er schließlich an den Kriegsminister <a href=\"/wiki/Alexandre_Millerand\" title=\"Alexandre Millerand\">Alexandre Millerand</a> gelangte, ihren ehemaligen Anwalt in der <a href=\"#Die_„Langevin-Affäre“\">„Langevin-Affäre“</a>. Er leitete ihren Antrag an General <a href=\"/wiki/Joseph_Joffre\" title=\"Joseph Joffre\">Joseph Joffre</a> weiter, den Kommandierenden an der Front, der Marie Curies Antrag schließlich genehmigte. In Begleitung ihrer Tochter Irène und eines Mechanikers fuhr sie am 1.&#160;November 1914 zum ersten Mal mit ihrem Röntgenwagen zu einem Lazarett der Zweiten Armee in <a href=\"/wiki/Creil\" title=\"Creil\">Creil</a>, das sich 30&#160;Kilometer hinter der Frontlinie befand.<sup id=\"cite&#95;ref-62\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-62\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#91;</span>62<span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#93;</span></a></sup> Während des Krieges rüstete Marie Curie insgesamt 20&#160;radiologische Fahrzeuge aus. Im Juli 1916 machte sie den Führerschein, um die Fahrzeuge selbst steuern zu können.\n</p><p>Mit Hilfe privater Spenden und der Unterstützung des Komitees <i>Le Patronage National des Blessés</i> entstanden unter Mitwirkung Marie Curies etwa 200 neue oder verbesserte radiologische Zentren.<sup id=\"cite&#95;ref-63\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-63\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#91;</span>63<span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#93;</span></a></sup> Gemeinsam mit ihrer achtzehnjährigen Tochter Irène gab sie ab Oktober 1916 sechswöchige Intensivkurse am neuen, nach der von den Deutschen hingerichteten britischen Krankenschwester <a href=\"/wiki/Edith_Cavell\" title=\"Edith Cavell\">Edith Cavell</a> benannten Ausbildungskrankenhaus, bei denen Frauen zu Röntgentechnikerinnen <i>(manipulatrices)</i> ausgebildet wurden. Bis Kriegsende schlossen etwa 150 Frauen diese Kurse erfolgreich ab. Die während des Krieges mit dem Einsatz von radiologischen Methoden gemachten Erfahrungen beschrieb Marie Curie in ihrem Buch <i>La Radiologie et la Guerre</i>, das 1921 veröffentlicht wurde.\n</p>\n<div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading3\"><h3 id=\"Aufenthalt_in_Amerika\">Aufenthalt in Amerika</h3><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">[</span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Marie_Curie&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=14\" title=\"Abschnitt bearbeiten: Aufenthalt in Amerika\" class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\"><span>Bearbeiten</span></a><span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | </span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Marie_Curie&amp;action=edit&amp;section=14\" title=\"Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Aufenthalt in Amerika\"><span>Quelltext bearbeiten</span></a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">]</span></span></div>\n<figure class=\"mw-default-size\" typeof=\"mw:File/Thumb\"><a href=\"/wiki/Datei:Marie_Curie_-_Standard_Chemical_Company.jpg\" class=\"mw-file-description\"><img src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Marie_Curie_-_Standard_Chemical_Company.jpg/250px-Marie_Curie_-_Standard_Chemical_Company.jpg?utm_source=de.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"250\" height=\"233\" class=\"mw-file-element\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Marie_Curie_-_Standard_Chemical_Company.jpg/500px-Marie_Curie_-_Standard_Chemical_Company.jpg?utm_source=de.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" data-file-width=\"900\" data-file-height=\"840\" /></a><figcaption>Marie Curie beim Besuch der Standard Chemical Company im Jahr 1921</figcaption></figure>\n<figure class=\"mw-default-size\" typeof=\"mw:File/Thumb\"><a href=\"/wiki/Datei:Meloney-with-Irene-Marie-and-Eve_Curie-1921.jpg\" class=\"mw-file-description\"><img src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Meloney-with-Irene-Marie-and-Eve_Curie-1921.jpg/250px-Meloney-with-Irene-Marie-and-Eve_Curie-1921.jpg?utm_source=de.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"250\" height=\"268\" class=\"mw-file-element\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Meloney-with-Irene-Marie-and-Eve_Curie-1921.jpg/500px-Meloney-with-Irene-Marie-and-Eve_Curie-1921.jpg?utm_source=de.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" data-file-width=\"1679\" data-file-height=\"1800\" /></a><figcaption>Marie Curie mit ihren Töchtern Irène und Ève sowie Marie Meloney bei ihrer Ankunft in New York City am 12. Mai 1921</figcaption></figure>\n<p>Im Mai 1920 gewährte Marie Curie <a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Marie_Mattingly_Meloney&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" class=\"new\" title=\"Marie Mattingly Meloney (Seite nicht vorhanden)\">Marie Meloney</a> (1878–1943), der Herausgeberin des amerikanischen Frauenmagazins <i>The Delineator</i>, ein Interview. Das schlichte Auftreten Marie Curies und die kärglichen Bedingungen am <i>Institut du Radium</i>, unter denen sie arbeitete, beeindruckten Meloney. Im Verlauf des Gesprächs erfuhr sie, dass es Curies dringlichster Wunsch war, ein Gramm Radium für die Fortsetzung ihrer Forschungsarbeiten zu erhalten. Die Vorräte des Institutes waren infolge der damit durchgeführten <a href=\"/wiki/Therapie\" title=\"Therapie\">Therapien</a> im Ersten Weltkrieg stark zurückgegangen und der Handelspreis für ein Gramm Radium betrug zu dieser Zeit für das Institut unerschwingliche 100.000 <a href=\"/wiki/US-Dollar\" title=\"US-Dollar\">US-Dollar</a>.<sup id=\"cite&#95;ref-Lewicki299&#95;64-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-Lewicki299-64\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#91;</span>64<span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#93;</span></a></sup>\n</p><p>Nach ihrer Rückkehr gründete Meloney in den <a href=\"/wiki/Vereinigte_Staaten\" title=\"Vereinigte Staaten\">Vereinigten Staaten</a> das <i>Marie Curie Radium Fund Committee</i> mit dem Ziel, 100.000&#160;Dollar für die Beschaffung von einem Gramm Radium zu sammeln. Am 3.&#160;Mai 1921 vergab das Komitee, das bis dahin 82.000&#160;Dollar<sup id=\"cite&#95;ref-Lewicki299&#95;64-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-Lewicki299-64\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#91;</span>64<span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#93;</span></a></sup> gesammelt hatte, den Auftrag für die Herstellung des gewünschten Radiums an die <i>Standard Chemical Company</i> in <a href=\"/wiki/Pittsburgh\" title=\"Pittsburgh\">Pittsburgh</a>, die seit 1911 Radium in größeren Mengen produzierte.<sup id=\"cite&#95;ref-65\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-65\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#91;</span>65<span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#93;</span></a></sup> Meloney überzeugte Marie Curie von der Notwendigkeit einer längeren Amerikareise. Sie bereitete diese unter anderem mit der fast ausschließlich Marie Curie gewidmeten Ausgabe des <i>Delineators</i> im April 1921 vor.\n</p><p>Am 4. Mai 1921 ging Marie Curie gemeinsam mit ihren beiden Töchtern und in Begleitung von Marie Meloney an Bord der <i><a href=\"/wiki/Olympic_(Schiff,_1911%E2%80%931935)\" title=\"Olympic (Schiff, 1911–1935)\">Olympic</a></i>.<sup id=\"cite&#95;ref-66\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-66\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#91;</span>66<span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#93;</span></a></sup> Sieben Tage später traf sie in <a href=\"/wiki/New_York_City\" title=\"New York City\">New York City</a> ein, wo sie von einer großen Menschenmenge begrüßt wurde. Über ihre Ankunft berichtete die <i><a href=\"/wiki/The_New_York_Times\" title=\"The New York Times\">New York Times</a></i> auf ihrer Titelseite unter der Schlagzeile <i>Madame Curie hat vor, dem Krebs ein Ende zu bereiten</i>.<sup id=\"cite&#95;ref-67\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-67\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#91;</span>67<span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#93;</span></a></sup> Curies Entgegnung, dass „Radium kein Heilmittel gegen jede Art von Krebs“ sei, brachte die <i>New York Times</i> hingegen erst auf Seite&#160;22.<sup id=\"cite&#95;ref-68\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-68\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#91;</span>68<span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#93;</span></a></sup> Während ihres Aufenthaltes wurde ihre Rolle als Wissenschaftlerin in den Hintergrund gerückt und sie vornehmlich als „weibliche Heilende“ dargestellt.<sup id=\"cite&#95;ref-69\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-69\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#91;</span>69<span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#93;</span></a></sup> Marie Curie besuchte zunächst verschiedene Frauencolleges, die für sie im Rahmen von Meloneys Kampagne gespendet hatten. Höhepunkt war eine am 18.&#160;Mai von der <i><a href=\"/wiki/American_Association_of_University_Women\" title=\"American Association of University Women\">American Association of University Women</a></i> organisierte Veranstaltung, bei der sie vor 3500&#160;Frauen sprach.\n</p><p>Nachdem ihr am 20. Mai durch Präsident <a href=\"/wiki/Warren_G._Harding\" title=\"Warren G. Harding\">Warren G. Harding</a> im Blauen Zimmer des <a href=\"/wiki/Wei%C3%9Fes_Haus\" title=\"Weißes Haus\">Weißen Hauses</a> symbolisch das für sie gesammelte Gramm Radium übergeben worden war,<sup id=\"cite&#95;ref-70\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-70\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#91;</span>70<span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#93;</span></a></sup> begann Curie eine Rundreise durch die Vereinigten Staaten. Ihre Ziele waren das Labor von <a href=\"/wiki/Bertram_Boltwood\" title=\"Bertram Boltwood\">Bertram Boltwood</a>, die Fabriken der <i>Standard Chemical Company</i> in <a href=\"/wiki/Oakland\" title=\"Oakland\">Oakland</a> und <a href=\"/wiki/Canonsburg\" title=\"Canonsburg\">Canonsburg</a>, aber auch die <a href=\"/wiki/Niagaraf%C3%A4lle\" title=\"Niagarafälle\">Niagarafälle</a> und der <a href=\"/wiki/Grand_Canyon\" title=\"Grand Canyon\">Grand Canyon</a>. Die zahlreichen öffentlichen Auftritte erschöpften sie,<sup id=\"cite&#95;ref-71\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-71\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#91;</span>71<span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#93;</span></a></sup> und sie ließ sich immer öfter durch ihre Töchter vertreten.\n</p><p>Während ihres Aufenthaltes wurden ihr neun Ehrendoktorate<sup id=\"cite&#95;ref-72\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-72\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#91;</span>72<span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#93;</span></a></sup> verliehen. Der Bereich Physik der <a href=\"/wiki/Harvard_University\" title=\"Harvard University\">Harvard University</a> verweigerte ihr diese Ehrenbezeugung jedoch mit der Begründung, „sie habe seit 1906 nichts Wichtiges geleistet“.<sup id=\"cite&#95;ref-73\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-73\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#91;</span>73<span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#93;</span></a></sup> Vor ihrer Rückreise am 25.&#160;Juni an Bord der <i>R.M.S. Olympic</i> entschuldigte sich Curie für ihre gesundheitliche Schwäche: „Meine Arbeit mit dem Radium … vor allem während des Krieges hat meine Gesundheit so sehr geschädigt, dass es mir nicht möglich ist, alle Laboratorien und Colleges zu sehen, für die ich ein tiefes Interesse hege.“<sup id=\"cite&#95;ref-74\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-74\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#91;</span>74<span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#93;</span></a></sup>\n</p><p>Im Oktober 1929 reiste Marie Curie ein zweites Mal nach Amerika. Während dieses zweiten Aufenthalts überreichte Präsident <a href=\"/wiki/Herbert_C._Hoover\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Herbert C. Hoover\">Herbert C. Hoover</a> ihr einen Scheck über 50.000&#160;Dollar, der für den Ankauf von Radium für das <a href=\"/wiki/Centrum_Onkologii_%E2%80%93_Instytut_im._Marii_Sk%C5%82odowskiej-Curie\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Centrum Onkologii – Instytut im. Marii Skłodowskiej-Curie\">Radium-Institut in Warschau</a> gedacht war.<sup id=\"cite&#95;ref-75\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-75\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#91;</span>75<span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#93;</span></a></sup>\n</p>\n<div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading3\"><h3 id=\"Wirken_für_den_Völkerbund\"><span id=\"Wirken_f.C3.BCr_den_V.C3.B6lkerbund\"></span>Wirken für den Völkerbund</h3><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">[</span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Marie_Curie&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=15\" title=\"Abschnitt bearbeiten: Wirken für den Völkerbund\" class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\"><span>Bearbeiten</span></a><span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | </span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Marie_Curie&amp;action=edit&amp;section=15\" title=\"Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Wirken für den Völkerbund\"><span>Quelltext bearbeiten</span></a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">]</span></span></div>\n<p>Auf Empfehlung des Präsidenten des Völkerbundrates <a href=\"/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Bourgeois\" title=\"Léon Bourgeois\">Léon Bourgeois</a> forderte die Versammlung des <a href=\"/wiki/V%C3%B6lkerbund\" title=\"Völkerbund\">Völkerbundes</a> den Rat am 21.&#160;September 1921 auf, eine Kommission zu ernennen, die die Zusammenarbeit fördern sollte. Die Bildung der <i><a href=\"/wiki/Internationale_Kommission_f%C3%BCr_geistige_Zusammenarbeit\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Internationale Kommission für geistige Zusammenarbeit\">Internationalen Kommission für geistige Zusammenarbeit</a></i> wurde am 14.&#160;Januar 1922 vom Völkerbundsrat offiziell beschlossen. Ihr sollten zwölf vom Rat ernannte Mitglieder angehören, die aufgrund ihres wissenschaftlichen Rufes und ohne Rücksicht auf die Staatszugehörigkeit gewählt wurden. Unter den aus einer Liste von 60&#160;Kandidaten ausgewählten Wissenschaftlern, deren Nominierung am 15.&#160;Mai 1922 bekanntgegeben wurde, befand sich auch Marie Curie.<sup id=\"cite&#95;ref-76\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-76\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#91;</span>76<span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#93;</span></a></sup>\n</p><p>Während ihrer zwölfjährigen Tätigkeit für die Kommission – eine Zeit lang war sie deren Vizepräsidentin – setzte sie sich für die Gründung einer internationalen <a href=\"/wiki/Bibliografie\" title=\"Bibliografie\">Bibliografie</a> wissenschaftlicher Publikationen ein, bemühte sich um die Ausarbeitung von Richtlinien für eine länderübergreifende Vergabe von Forschungsstipendien und versuchte einen einheitlichen <a href=\"/wiki/Urheberrecht\" title=\"Urheberrecht\">Urheberschutz</a> für Wissenschaftler und deren Erfindungen zu etablieren.<sup id=\"cite&#95;ref-77\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-77\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#91;</span>77<span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#93;</span></a></sup>\n</p>\n<div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading3\"><h3 id=\"Das_Radium-Institut_Paris\">Das Radium-Institut Paris</h3><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">[</span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Marie_Curie&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=16\" title=\"Abschnitt bearbeiten: Das Radium-Institut Paris\" class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\"><span>Bearbeiten</span></a><span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | </span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Marie_Curie&amp;action=edit&amp;section=16\" title=\"Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Das Radium-Institut Paris\"><span>Quelltext bearbeiten</span></a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">]</span></span></div>\n<p>Die Gründung des <a href=\"/wiki/Institut_Curie\" title=\"Institut Curie\">Institut du Radium</a> in der <i>Rue des Nourrices</i> (der späteren <i>Rue Curie</i>) ging auf eine Idee von <a href=\"/wiki/%C3%89mile_Roux\" title=\"Émile Roux\">Émile Roux</a>, dem Leiter des <a href=\"/wiki/Institut_Pasteur\" title=\"Institut Pasteur\">Institut Pasteur</a>, im Jahr 1909 zurück. Gemeinsam mit dem Vizerektor der Universität, <a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Louis_Liard&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" class=\"new\" title=\"Louis Liard (Seite nicht vorhanden)\">Louis Liard</a> (1846–1917), erarbeitete er einen Plan für zwei separate Laboratorien. Eines sollte die Physik und Chemie radioaktiver Elemente erforschen und von Marie Curie geleitet werden, das andere hatte die Aufgabe, unter der Leitung von <a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Claude_Regaud&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" class=\"new\" title=\"Claude Regaud (Seite nicht vorhanden)\">Claude Regaud</a> (1870–1940) die medizinischen Anwendungsmöglichkeiten der Radioaktivität zu studieren. Die Bauarbeiten nach den Plänen des Architekten <a href=\"/wiki/Henri-Paul_N%C3%A9not\" title=\"Henri-Paul Nénot\">Henri-Paul Nénot</a> begannen 1912.<sup id=\"cite&#95;ref-Quinn484-485&#95;78-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-Quinn484-485-78\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#91;</span>78<span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#93;</span></a></sup>\n</p><p>Im Jahr 1914 wurde Marie Curie zur Leiterin des Radium-Instituts ernannt. Beim Ausbruch des Ersten Weltkriegs blieb sie in Paris, um über den Radiumvorrat des Institutes zu wachen. Das im Auftrag der französischen Regierung aus Sicherheitserwägungen am 3.&#160;September 1914 nach <a href=\"/wiki/Bordeaux\" title=\"Bordeaux\">Bordeaux</a> in Bleibehältern ausgelagerte Radium kehrte 1915 an das Institut zurück. In diesem Jahr vollzog Marie Curie schrittweise den Umzug aus ihrem alten Laboratorium in das neue Gebäude.<sup id=\"cite&#95;ref-79\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-79\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#91;</span>79<span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#93;</span></a></sup>\n</p><p>1916 wurde auf ihren Vorschlag hin am Institut die Abteilung <i>Emanation</i> geschaffen. Die für die „Radiumtherapie“ hergestellten Radium- und <a href=\"/wiki/Radon\" title=\"Radon\">Radon</a>ampullen wurden für die Behandlung verwundeter Soldaten benutzt.<sup id=\"cite&#95;ref-Quinn484-485&#95;78-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-Quinn484-485-78\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#91;</span>78<span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#93;</span></a></sup> <a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Henri_James_de_Rothschild&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" class=\"new\" title=\"Henri James de Rothschild (Seite nicht vorhanden)\">Henri de Rothschild</a> (1872–1946) gründete 1920 die <i>Curie-Stiftung</i>, um die wissenschaftliche und medizinische Arbeit am Institut zu unterstützen. Die <i><a href=\"/wiki/Acad%C3%A9mie_nationale_de_m%C3%A9decine\" title=\"Académie nationale de médecine\">Académie nationale de médecine</a></i> nahm Marie Curie am 7.&#160;Februar 1922 „in Anerkennung ihrer Verdienste bei der Entdeckung des Radiums und einer neuen Methode zur Krebsbehandlung, der Curie-Therapie“<sup id=\"cite&#95;ref-80\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-80\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#91;</span>80<span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#93;</span></a></sup> als freies Mitglied in ihre Reihen auf.\n</p><p>Im Frühjahr 1919 begannen die ersten Lehrveranstaltungen am Institut. Mitarbeiter des Radium-Institutes veröffentlichten von 1919 bis 1934 insgesamt 438 wissenschaftliche Artikel, darunter 34&#160;Dissertationen. 31&#160;Artikel stammten von Marie Curie.<sup id=\"cite&#95;ref-81\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-81\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#91;</span>81<span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#93;</span></a></sup> Bedeutende Arbeiten stammten beispielsweise von <a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Salomon_Aminyu_Rosenblum&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" class=\"new\" title=\"Salomon Aminyu Rosenblum (Seite nicht vorhanden)\">Salomon Aminyu Rosenblum</a> (1896–1959), der die <a href=\"/wiki/Feinstruktur_(Physik)\" title=\"Feinstruktur (Physik)\">Feinstruktur</a> der <a href=\"/wiki/Alphastrahlung\" title=\"Alphastrahlung\">Alphastrahlung</a> nachwies, sowie von <a href=\"/wiki/Ir%C3%A8ne_Joliot-Curie\" title=\"Irène Joliot-Curie\">Irène Joliot-Curie</a> und <a href=\"/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Joliot-Curie\" title=\"Frédéric Joliot-Curie\">Frédéric Joliot-Curie</a>, denen es erstmals gelang, ein <a href=\"/wiki/Radionuklid\" title=\"Radionuklid\">Radionuklid</a> künstlich herzustellen. Marie Curie förderte bewusst Frauen und aus dem Ausland stammende Studierende. 1931 waren zwölf von 37&#160;Forschern am Institut Frauen, darunter <a href=\"/wiki/Ellen_Gleditsch\" title=\"Ellen Gleditsch\">Ellen Gleditsch</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Eva_Ramstedt\" title=\"Eva Ramstedt\">Eva Ramstedt</a> und <a href=\"/wiki/Marguerite_Perey\" title=\"Marguerite Perey\">Marguerite Perey</a>, die bedeutende Beiträge zur Erforschung der Radioaktivität leisteten.<sup id=\"cite&#95;ref-sq486&#95;42-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-sq486-42\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#91;</span>42<span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#93;</span></a></sup>\n</p><p>Die Auszeichnung ihrer Tochter Irène mit dem Nobelpreis für Chemie, den diese 1935 gemeinsam mit ihrem Ehemann „in Anerkennung ihrer Synthese neuer radioaktiver Elemente“  erhielt, erlebte Marie Curie nicht mehr. Sie starb am 4. Juli 1934 im Alter von 66 Jahren im Sanatorium Sancellemoz bei <a href=\"/wiki/Passy_(Haute-Savoie)\" title=\"Passy (Haute-Savoie)\">Passy</a> (Hochsavoyen) an einer „<a href=\"/wiki/Aplastische_An%C3%A4mie\" title=\"Aplastische Anämie\">aplastischen</a> <a href=\"/wiki/Pernizi%C3%B6se_An%C3%A4mie\" title=\"Perniziöse Anämie\">perniziösen Anämie</a>“,<sup id=\"cite&#95;ref-eve372&#95;82-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-eve372-82\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#91;</span>82<span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id=\"cite&#95;ref-83\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-83\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#91;</span>83<span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#93;</span></a></sup> einer durch Schädigung des Knochenmarks verursachten Bluterkrankung, die vermutlich auf ihren langjährigen Umgang mit radioaktiven Elementen zurückzuführen ist. Dieser Auffassung war Claude Regaud, Professor am Radium-Institut Paris, der schrieb, dass man sie zu den Opfern des Radiums zählen könne.<sup id=\"cite&#95;ref-eve372&#95;82-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-eve372-82\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#91;</span>82<span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#93;</span></a></sup>\n</p>\n<div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading2\"><h2 id=\"Würdigung_und_Rezeption\"><span id=\"W.C3.BCrdigung_und_Rezeption\"></span>Würdigung und Rezeption</h2><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">[</span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Marie_Curie&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=17\" title=\"Abschnitt bearbeiten: Würdigung und Rezeption\" class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\"><span>Bearbeiten</span></a><span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | </span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Marie_Curie&amp;action=edit&amp;section=17\" title=\"Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Würdigung und Rezeption\"><span>Quelltext bearbeiten</span></a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">]</span></span></div>\n<figure class=\"mw-default-size\" typeof=\"mw:File/Thumb\"><a href=\"/wiki/Datei:Warschau_Marie_Curie_Denkmal.JPG\" class=\"mw-file-description\"><img src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Warschau_Marie_Curie_Denkmal.JPG/250px-Warschau_Marie_Curie_Denkmal.JPG?utm_source=de.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"190\" height=\"342\" style=\"--mw-file-upright: 0.75\" class=\"mw-file-element mw-file-upright\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Warschau_Marie_Curie_Denkmal.JPG/500px-Warschau_Marie_Curie_Denkmal.JPG?utm_source=de.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" data-file-width=\"2108\" data-file-height=\"3792\" /></a><figcaption>Denkmal in Warschau</figcaption></figure>\n<p>Marie Curies wissenschaftliche Arbeit wurde mit zahlreichen Wissenschaftspreisen und -medaillen gewürdigt. Darunter befanden sich der <i><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Actonian_Prize&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" class=\"new\" title=\"Actonian Prize (Seite nicht vorhanden)\">Actonian Prize</a></i> der <a href=\"/wiki/Royal_Institution_of_Great_Britain\" title=\"Royal Institution of Great Britain\">Royal Institution of Great Britain</a> (1907), der <i><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Ellen_Richards_Prize&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" class=\"new\" title=\"Ellen Richards Prize (Seite nicht vorhanden)\">Ellen Richards Prize</a></i> der <a href=\"/w/index.php?title=American_Association_to_Aid_Scientific_Research_by_Woman&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" class=\"new\" title=\"American Association to Aid Scientific Research by Woman (Seite nicht vorhanden)\">American Association to Aid Scientific Research by Woman</a> (1921), der <i><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Grand_Prix_du_Marquis_d%E2%80%99Argenteuil&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" class=\"new\" title=\"Grand Prix du Marquis d’Argenteuil (Seite nicht vorhanden)\">Grand Prix du Marquis d’Argenteuil</a></i> der <i>Société d’Encouragement pour l’Industrie Nationale</i> (1923) und der <i><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Cameron_Prize&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" class=\"new\" title=\"Cameron Prize (Seite nicht vorhanden)\">Cameron Prize</a></i> der <a href=\"/wiki/Universit%C3%A4t_Edinburgh\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Universität Edinburgh\">Universität Edinburgh</a> (1931). Sie ist bislang die einzige Frau, der zwei Nobelpreise verliehen wurden.<sup id=\"cite&#95;ref-84\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-84\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#91;</span>84<span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#93;</span></a></sup> Sie war Mitglied und Ehrenmitglied einer Vielzahl von wissenschaftlichen Gesellschaften und erhielt Ehrendoktorate von Universitäten auf der ganzen Welt, deren Auflistung in <a href=\"/wiki/%C3%88ve_Curie\" title=\"Ève Curie\">Ève Curies</a> 1937 veröffentlichten <a href=\"/wiki/Madame_Curie_(Buch)\" title=\"Madame Curie (Buch)\">Biografie</a> über ihre Mutter fünf Seiten umfasst.<sup id=\"cite&#95;ref-85\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-85\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#91;</span>85<span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#93;</span></a></sup> Im Jahr 1932 wurde sie zum Mitglied der <a href=\"/wiki/Leopoldina\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Leopoldina\">Leopoldina</a> gewählt.\n</p><p>Zu Ehren von Marie und Pierre Curie sind die Bezeichnungen des chemischen Elements <a href=\"/wiki/Curium\" title=\"Curium\">Curium</a> und der Einheit <a href=\"/wiki/Curie_(Einheit)\" title=\"Curie (Einheit)\">Curie</a> gewählt worden, das Curie ist eine Maßeinheit für die Aktivität eines radioaktiven Stoffes. Ebenfalls nach ihr wurden 1924 und 1933 die Minerale <a href=\"/wiki/Sklodowskit\" title=\"Sklodowskit\">Sklodowskit</a> und <a href=\"/wiki/Cuprosklodowskit\" title=\"Cuprosklodowskit\">Cuprosklodowskit</a> sowie 1951 die in der <a href=\"/wiki/Antarktis\" title=\"Antarktis\">Antarktis</a> gelegene <a href=\"/wiki/Curie-Insel\" title=\"Curie-Insel\">Curie-Insel</a> benannt.<sup id=\"cite&#95;ref-86\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-86\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#91;</span>86<span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#93;</span></a></sup> Seit März 2026 ist sie Namensgeberin für die <a href=\"/wiki/Curie_Cove\" title=\"Curie Cove\">Curie Cove</a>, eine Bucht in der Antarktis. 1961 wurde der Mondkrater <a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Sklodowska_(Mondkrater)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" class=\"new\" title=\"Sklodowska (Mondkrater) (Seite nicht vorhanden)\">Sklodowska</a> nach ihr benannt.<sup id=\"cite&#95;ref-87\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-87\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#91;</span>87<span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#93;</span></a></sup> Die <a href=\"/wiki/Universit%C3%A4t_Pierre_und_Marie_Curie\" title=\"Universität Pierre und Marie Curie\">Universität Pierre und Marie Curie</a> in Paris, die <a href=\"/wiki/Maria-Curie-Sk%C5%82odowska-Universit%C3%A4t\" title=\"Maria-Curie-Skłodowska-Universität\">Maria-Curie-Skłodowska-Universität</a> in <a href=\"/wiki/Lublin\" title=\"Lublin\">Lublin</a> und die <a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Curie_Metropolitan_High_School&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" class=\"new\" title=\"Curie Metropolitan High School (Seite nicht vorhanden)\">Curie Metropolitan High School</a> in Chicago sowie etliche Schulen, beispielsweise in Deutschland, tragen Marie Curies Namen. Unter der Bezeichnung <i><a href=\"/wiki/Marie-Sk%C5%82odowska-Curie-Ma%C3%9Fnahmen\" title=\"Marie-Skłodowska-Curie-Maßnahmen\">Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions</a></i> (früher <i>Marie-Curie-Programm</i> bzw. <i>Marie Curie Actions</i>) fördert die <a href=\"/wiki/Europ%C3%A4ische_Kommission\" title=\"Europäische Kommission\">Europäische Kommission</a> in mehreren Forschungsausbildungs- und Mobilitätsprogrammen Nachwuchswissenschaftler.<sup id=\"cite&#95;ref-88\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-88\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#91;</span>88<span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#93;</span></a></sup>\n</p><p>Das <a href=\"/wiki/Marie-Curie-Denkmal_(Lublin)\" title=\"Marie-Curie-Denkmal (Lublin)\">Marie-Curie-Denkmal</a> im polnischen Lublin wurde 1964 enthüllt.\n</p><p>Das <i>Radium-Institut Paris</i> und die <i>Curie-Stiftung</i> schlossen sich 1970 zum <a href=\"/wiki/Institut_Curie\" title=\"Institut Curie\">Institut Curie</a> zusammen, das sich im Sinne Marie Curies der Forschung, Lehre und Krebsbehandlung verschrieben hat.<sup id=\"cite&#95;ref-89\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-89\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#91;</span>89<span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#93;</span></a></sup> 1973 wurde der Marskrater <a href=\"/wiki/Sklodowska_(Marskrater)\" title=\"Sklodowska (Marskrater)\">Sklodowska</a> nach ihr benannt.<sup id=\"cite&#95;ref-90\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-90\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#91;</span>90<span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#93;</span></a></sup> Ein <a href=\"/wiki/Narodowy_Instytut_Onkologii_im._Marii_Sk%C5%82odowskiej-Curie_%E2%80%93_Pa%C5%84stwowy_Instytut_Badawczy\" title=\"Narodowy Instytut Onkologii im. Marii Skłodowskiej-Curie – Państwowy Instytut Badawczy\">Onkologiezentrum in Warschau</a> ist nach ihr benannt, es steht in der Tradition eines von ihr 1932 initiierten Radium-Institutes in Polen.\n</p><p>Im Jahr 1992 wurde das ehemalige Labor Marie Curies als <i><a href=\"/wiki/Curie_Museum\" title=\"Curie Museum\">Curie Museum</a></i> der Öffentlichkeit zugänglich gemacht. Es dient zugleich als Archiv. In Warschau befindet sich das 1967 eröffnete <a href=\"/wiki/Maria-Curie-Sk%C5%82odowska-Museum\" title=\"Maria-Curie-Skłodowska-Museum\">Maria-Curie-Skłodowska-Museum</a>. Die <i>Association Curie et Joliot-Curie</i> pflegt den Nachlass der Curie-Familie. Anlässlich des 75.&#160;Jahrestages der Gründung der <i>Curie-Stiftung</i> wurden 1995 die sterblichen Überreste von Marie und Pierre Curie in das <a href=\"/wiki/Panth%C3%A9on_(Paris)\" title=\"Panthéon (Paris)\">Pariser Panthéon</a> überführt. Im Jahr 2011 wurde die vormalige <i>Most Północny</i> in Warschau in <i><a href=\"/wiki/Most_Marii_Sk%C5%82odowskiej-Curie\" title=\"Most Marii Skłodowskiej-Curie\">Most Marii Skłodowskiej-Curie</a></i> umbenannt.\n</p><p>Aufgrund ihrer Biografie wurde Marie Curie noch zu ihren Lebzeiten von der polnischen <a href=\"/wiki/Frauenbewegung\" title=\"Frauenbewegung\">Frauenbewegung</a> für deren Ziele vereinnahmt. Marie Curie engagierte sich jedoch nicht für diese Bewegung und setzte sich nicht für deren Ziele ein.<sup id=\"cite&#95;ref-91\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-91\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#91;</span>91<span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#93;</span></a></sup>\n</p><p>Marie Curies Bild in der Öffentlichkeit wurde lange Zeit maßgeblich durch die von ihrer Tochter Ève verfasste überhöhte biografische Darstellung bestimmt. Ève Curie stellte eine Frau dar, die sich ganz der Wissenschaft gewidmet hatte und der persönliche Niederlagen nichts anhaben konnten. Die Ablehnung der Aufnahme Marie Curies in die französische Akademie der Wissenschaften und die <a href=\"#Die_„Langevin-Affäre“\">„Langevin-Affäre“</a> wurden beispielsweise nur beiläufig erwähnt.<sup id=\"cite&#95;ref-92\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-92\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#91;</span>92<span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id=\"cite&#95;ref-93\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-93\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#91;</span>93<span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#93;</span></a></sup> Die in der <a href=\"/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_nationale_de_France\" title=\"Bibliothèque nationale de France\">Französischen Nationalbibliothek</a> aufbewahrten Tagebücher, die Marie Curie nach dem Tod ihres Mannes begonnen hatte, wurden der Forschung erst 1990 zugänglich. <a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Susan_Quinn_(1940)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" class=\"new\" title=\"Susan Quinn (1940) (Seite nicht vorhanden)\">Susan Quinn</a> (*&#160;1940) konnte bei ihren siebenjährigen Recherchen für ihr Buch <i>Marie Curie. Eine Biographie</i> bisher unzugängliche Dokumente über die „Langevin-Affäre“ auswerten und so ein sehr differenziertes Bild der Persönlichkeit Marie Curies zeichnen.\n</p><p>Die <a href=\"/wiki/Universit%C3%A4t_Hamburg\" title=\"Universität Hamburg\">Universität Hamburg</a> zog 1985 in ihrem Begleitheft zur Ausstellung <i>Frauen in den Naturwissenschaften</i> das folgende Fazit:\n</p>\n<div class=\"Vorlage&#95;Zitat\" style=\"margin:1em 40px;\">\n<div style=\"margin:1em 0;\"><blockquote style=\"margin:0;\">\n<p>„Marie Curie ist wegen der von ihr erhaltenen Nobelpreise in Physik (1903, gemeinsam mit Pierre Curie und Becquerel) und Chemie (1911) die wohl bekannteste Physikerin. Weniger bekannt pflegen die Schwierigkeiten zu sein, auf die sie stieß: sie wurde nicht zum Studium an der Warschauer Universität zugelassen, verdiente das Geld für ihre ersten Forschungen als\nMädchenschullehrerin, und noch 1911&#160;(!) wurde ihr die Aufnahme in die französische Akademie der Wissenschaften verweigert. Ähnlich unbekannt scheint auch ihr Engagement beim Völkerbund zu sein: Von 1922 bis 1934 war sie Vizepräsidentin der internationalen Kommission für geistige Zusammenarbeit beim Völkerbund. Auch die Möglichkeiten einer medizinischen\nNutzung ihrer Entdeckungen interessierten sie stark.“<sup id=\"cite&#95;ref-94\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-94\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#91;</span>94<span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#93;</span></a></sup>\n</p>\n</blockquote>\n</div></div>\n<div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading2\"><h2 id=\"Schriften_(Auswahl)\"><span id=\"Schriften_.28Auswahl.29\"></span>Schriften (Auswahl)</h2><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">[</span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Marie_Curie&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=18\" title=\"Abschnitt bearbeiten: Schriften (Auswahl)\" class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\"><span>Bearbeiten</span></a><span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | </span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Marie_Curie&amp;action=edit&amp;section=18\" title=\"Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Schriften (Auswahl)\"><span>Quelltext bearbeiten</span></a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">]</span></span></div>\n<div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading3\"><h3 id=\"Bücher\"><span id=\"B.C3.BCcher\"></span>Bücher</h3><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">[</span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Marie_Curie&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=19\" title=\"Abschnitt bearbeiten: Bücher\" class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\"><span>Bearbeiten</span></a><span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | </span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Marie_Curie&amp;action=edit&amp;section=19\" title=\"Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Bücher\"><span>Quelltext bearbeiten</span></a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">]</span></span></div>\n<ul><li><i>Recherches sur les substances radioactives.</i> Gauthier-Villars, Paris 1903; <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http://visualiseur.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k624839\">online</a> (deutsche Ausgabe: <i>Untersuchungen über die radioaktiven Substanzen.</i> Vieweg und Sohn, Braunschweig 1903, übersetzt von <a href=\"/wiki/Walter_Kaufmann_(Physiker)\" title=\"Walter Kaufmann (Physiker)\">Walter Kaufmann</a>; <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://archive.org/details/untersuchungenb00curigoog\">archive.org</a>, <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/37945\">gutenberg.org</a>).</li>\n<li><i>Traité de Radioactivité.</i> 2 Bände, Gauthier-Villars, Paris 1910 (deutsche Ausgabe: <i>Die Radioaktivität.</i> Akademische Verlagsgesellschaft, Leipzig 1911–1912, übersetzt von B.&#160;Finkelstein).</li>\n<li><i>La Radiologie et la Guerre.</i> Félix Alcan, Paris 1921 (<a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http://visualiseur.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k67970j\">online</a>).</li>\n<li><i>Pierre Curie.</i> Ins Englische übersetzt von Charlotte und Vernon Kellogg. Macmillan Co., New York 1923 (<a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=wu.89048367866\">online)</a>; französische Ausgabe: Payot, Paris 1924 <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k68124d/f5.item\">(online)</a>.</li>\n<li><i>L’Isotopie et les éléments isotopes.</i> Albert Blanchard, Paris 1924.</li>\n<li><i>Les rayons α, β, γ des corps radioactifs en relation avec la structure nucléaire.</i> Hermann &amp; Cie: Paris 1933 (<a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http://visualiseur.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k380502\">online</a>).</li>\n<li><i>Radioactivité.</i> Hermann &amp; Cie., Paris 1935 – posthum</li>\n<li>Irène Joliot-Curie (Hrsg.): <i>Prace Marii Skłodowskiej-Curie.</i> Panstwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe, Warszawa 1954 (Werke in Polnisch und Französisch)</li></ul>\n<div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading3\"><h3 id=\"Autobiografie\">Autobiografie</h3><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">[</span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Marie_Curie&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=20\" title=\"Abschnitt bearbeiten: Autobiografie\" class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\"><span>Bearbeiten</span></a><span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | </span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Marie_Curie&amp;action=edit&amp;section=20\" title=\"Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Autobiografie\"><span>Quelltext bearbeiten</span></a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">]</span></span></div>\n<ul><li><i>The story of my life.</i> In: <i><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=The_Delineator&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" class=\"new\" title=\"The Delineator (Seite nicht vorhanden)\">The Delineator</a></i>, Band 100:\n<ul><li>Nr. 1, Januar 1922 <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://archive.org/details/delineator99oloua/page/4/mode/1up\">S. 4–5</a>.</li>\n<li>Nr. 2, Februar 1922 <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://archive.org/details/delineator100olou/page/n18/mode/1up\">S. 19–20</a>.</li>\n<li>Nr. 3, März 1922 <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://archive.org/details/delineator100olou/page/n107/mode/1up\">S.&#160;15</a>, <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://archive.org/details/delineator100olou/page/n184/mode/1up\">S.&#160;90</a>.</li></ul></li>\n<li><i>Autobiographical Notes.</i> In: <i>Pierre Curie.</i> Macmillan Co., New York 1923, S. 155–227 (<a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=wu.89048367866&amp;view=1up&amp;seq=175\">online</a>).</li>\n<li><i>Autobiografia.</i> Panstwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe, Warszawa 1959 (deutsche Ausgabe: <i>Selbstbiographie.</i> B. G. Teubner, Leipzig 1962, <span class=\"plainlinks-print\" style=\"white-space:nowrap\"><a href=\"/wiki/Deutsche_Nationalbibliothek\" title=\"Deutsche Nationalbibliothek\">DNB</a> <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://d-nb.info/450852741\">450852741</a></span>).</li></ul>\n<div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading3\"><h3 id=\"Zeitschriftenaufsätze\"><span id=\"Zeitschriftenaufs.C3.A4tze\"></span>Zeitschriftenaufsätze</h3><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">[</span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Marie_Curie&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=21\" title=\"Abschnitt bearbeiten: Zeitschriftenaufsätze\" class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\"><span>Bearbeiten</span></a><span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | </span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Marie_Curie&amp;action=edit&amp;section=21\" title=\"Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Zeitschriftenaufsätze\"><span>Quelltext bearbeiten</span></a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">]</span></span></div>\n<ul><li><i>Propriétés magnétiques des aciers trempés.</i> In: <i>Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des séances de l’Académie des sciences.</i> Band 125, S.&#160;1165–1168, 1897 (<a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http://visualiseur.bnf.fr/CadresFenetre?O=NUMM-3081&amp;I=1165\">online</a>).</li>\n<li><i>Propriétés magnétiques des aciers trempés.</i> In: <i>Bulletin de la Societe d’Encouragement pour l’Industrie Nationale.</i> Januar 1898, 5th Series, Vol.&#160;3, S.&#160;36–76.</li>\n<li><i>Rayons émis par les composés de l’uranium et du thorium.</i> In: <i>Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des séances de l’Académie des sciences.</i> Band 126, S.&#160;1101–1103, 1898 (<a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http://visualiseur.bnf.fr/CadresFenetre?O=NUMM-3082&amp;I=1101\">online</a>).</li>\n<li><i>Sur une substance nouvelle radio-active, contenue dans la pechblende.</i> In: <i>Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des séances de l’Académie des sciences.</i> Band 127, S.&#160;175–178, 1898 (<a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http://visualiseur.bnf.fr/CadresFenetre?O=NUMM-3083&amp;I=177\">online</a>) – mit Pierre (Entdeckung von Polonium).</li>\n<li><i>Sur une nouvelle substance fortement radio-active contenue dans la pechblende.</i> In: <i>Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des séances de l’Académie des sciences.</i> Band&#160;127, S.&#160;1215–1217, 1898 (<a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http://visualiseur.bnf.fr/CadresFenetre?O=NUMM-3083&amp;I=1217\">online</a>) – mit Pierre und Gustave Bémont, vorgetragen von Henri Becquerel (Entdeckung von Radium)</li>\n<li><i>Sur la radio-activité provoquée par les rayons de Becquerel.</i> In: <i>Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des séances de l’Académie des sciences.</i> Band&#160;129, S. 714–716, 1899 (<a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http://visualiseur.bnf.fr/CadresFenetre?O=NUMM-3085&amp;I=714\">online</a>).</li>\n<li><i>Effets chimiques produits par les rayons de Becquerel.</i> In: <i>Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des séances de l’Académie des sciences.</i> Band&#160;129, S.&#160;823–825, 1899 (<a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http://visualiseur.bnf.fr/CadresFenetre?O=NUMM-3085&amp;I=823\">online</a>).</li>\n<li><i>Sur la charge électrique des rayons déviables du radium.</i> In: <i>Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des séances de l’Académie des sciences.</i> Band&#160;130, S.&#160;647–650, 1900 (<a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http://visualiseur.bnf.fr/CadresFenetre?O=NUMM-3086&amp;I=647\">online</a>).</li>\n<li><i>Les nouvelles substances radioactives et les rayons qu’elles emettent.</i> In: <i>Rapports présentés au congrès International de Physique réuni à Paris en 1900 sous les auspices de La Société Française de Physique.</i> Gauthier-Villars, Paris 1900, Band 3, S.&#160;79–114 (<a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k9813472t/f95.item\">online</a>) – mit Pierre</li>\n<li><i>Sur les corps radioactifs.</i> In: <i>Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des séances de l’Académie des sciences.</i> Band&#160;134, S.&#160;85–87, 1902 <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http://visualiseur.bnf.fr/CadresFenetre?O=NUMM-3090&amp;I=85\">(online)</a>.</li>\n<li><i>Sur le poids atomique du radium.</i> In: <i>Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des séances de l’Académie des sciences.</i> Band&#160;135, S.&#160;161–163, 1902 (<a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http://www.archive.org/details/comptesrendusheb1341902acad\">online</a>) – vorgetragen von <a href=\"/wiki/Eleuth%C3%A8re_Mascart\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Eleuthère Mascart\">Eleuthère Mascart</a> (Atomgewicht von Radium 225 ±1).</li>\n<li><i>Sur la diminution de la radioactivité du polonium avec le temps.</i> In: <i>Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des séances de l’Académie des sciences.</i> Band&#160;142, S.&#160;273–276, 1906 (<a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http://visualiseur.bnf.fr/CadresFenetre?O=NUMM-3096&amp;I=273\">online</a>) – vorgetragen von Pierre Curie (Halbwertszeit von Polonium).</li>\n<li><i>Sur le poids atomique du radium.</i> In: <i>Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des séances de l’Académie des sciences.</i> Band&#160;145, S.&#160;422–425, 1907 (<a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http://visualiseur.bnf.fr/CadresFenetre?O=NUMM-3099&amp;I=422\">online</a>) (Atomgewicht von Radium 226,45).</li>\n<li><i>Action de la pesanteur sur le dépôt de la radioactivité induite.</i> In: <i>Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des séances de l’Académie des sciences.</i> Band&#160;145, S.&#160;477–480, 1907 (<a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http://visualiseur.bnf.fr/CadresFenetre?O=NUMM-3099&amp;I=477\">online</a>).</li>\n<li><i>Action de l’émanation du radium sur les solutions de sels de cuivre.</i> In: <i>Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des séances de l’Académie des sciences.</i> Band&#160;147, S.&#160;345–349, 1908 (<a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http://visualiseur.bnf.fr/CadresFenetre?O=NUMM-3101&amp;I=345\">online</a>) – mit <a href=\"/wiki/Ellen_Gleditsch\" title=\"Ellen Gleditsch\">Ellen Gleditsch</a>.</li>\n<li><i>Sur le radium métallique.</i> In: <i>Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des séances de l’Académie des sciences.</i> Band&#160;151, S.&#160;523–525, 1910 (<a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http://visualiseur.bnf.fr/CadresFenetre?O=NUMM-3104&amp;I=523\">online</a>) – mit <a href=\"/wiki/Andr%C3%A9-Louis_Debierne\" title=\"André-Louis Debierne\">André-Louis Debierne</a> (metallisches Radium).</li>\n<li><i>The radiation of radium at the temperature of liquid hydrogen.</i> In: <i>Proceedings of the Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen.</i> Band&#160;15&#160;II, S.&#160;1406–1430, Amsterdam 1913 (<a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http://www.dwc.knaw.nl/DL/publications/PU00013080.pdf\">PDF</a>) – mit <a href=\"/wiki/Heike_Kamerlingh_Onnes\" title=\"Heike Kamerlingh Onnes\">Heike Kamerlingh Onnes</a>.</li>\n<li><i>Sur la vie moyenne de l’ionium.</i> In: <i>Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des séances de l’Académie des sciences.</i> Band&#160;190, S.&#160;1289–1292, 1930 (<a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http://visualiseur.bnf.fr/CadresFenetre?O=NUMM-3143&amp;I=1291\">online</a>) – mit Sonia Cotelle.</li>\n<li><i>Sur une relation entre la constante de désintégration des radioéléments émettant des rayons et leur capacité de filiation.</i> In: <i>Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des séances de l’Académie des sciences.</i> Band&#160;191, S.&#160;326–329, 1930 (<a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http://visualiseur.bnf.fr/CadresFenetre?O=NUMM-3144&amp;I=326\">online</a>) – mit Georges Fournier.</li>\n<li><i>Sur la relation entre l’émission de rayons de long parcours et de rayons.</i> In: <i>Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des séances de l’Académie des sciences.</i> Band&#160;191, S.&#160;1055–1058, 1930 (<a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http://visualiseur.bnf.fr/CadresFenetre?O=NUMM-3144&amp;I=1055\">online</a>).</li>\n<li><i>Spectre magnétique des rayons du dépôt actif de l’actinon.</i> In: <i>Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des séances de l’Académie des sciences.</i> Band 193, S. 33–35, 1931 (<a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http://visualiseur.bnf.fr/CadresFenetre?O=NUMM-3146&amp;I=33\">online</a>) – mit <a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Salomon_Aminyu_Rosenblum&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" class=\"new\" title=\"Salomon Aminyu Rosenblum (Seite nicht vorhanden)\">Salomon Aminyu Rosenblum</a> (1896–1959)</li>\n<li><i>Sur la structure fine du spectre magnétique des rayons du radioactinium.</i> In: <i>Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des séances de l’Académie des sciences.</i> Band&#160;194, S.&#160;1232–1235, 1932 (<a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http://visualiseur.bnf.fr/CadresFenetre?O=NUMM-3147&amp;I=1236\">online</a>) – mit Salomon Aminyu Rosenblum.</li>\n<li><i>Sur la structure fine du spectre magnétique des rayons du radioactinium et de ses dérivés.</i> In: <i>Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des séances de l’Académie des sciences.</i> Band&#160;196, S.&#160;1598–1600, 1933 (<a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http://visualiseur.bnf.fr/CadresFenetre?O=NUMM-3148&amp;I=1598&amp;M=tdm\">online</a>) – mit Salomon Aminyu Rosenblum.</li></ul>\n<div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading3\"><h3 id=\"Briefe\">Briefe</h3><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">[</span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Marie_Curie&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=22\" title=\"Abschnitt bearbeiten: Briefe\" class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\"><span>Bearbeiten</span></a><span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | </span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Marie_Curie&amp;action=edit&amp;section=22\" title=\"Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Briefe\"><span>Quelltext bearbeiten</span></a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">]</span></span></div>\n<ul><li>Gillette Ziegler (Hrsg.): <i>Marie and Irène Curie, Correspondence: Choix de lettres, 1905–1934.</i> Éditeurs français réunis, Paris 1974.\n<ul><li><i>Korespondencja Marii Sklodowskiej-Curie z corkq Irenq: 1905–1934 wybor.</i> Panstwowy Instytut Wydawniczy, Warschau 1978.</li></ul></li>\n<li>Krystyna Kabzińska (Hrsg.): <i>Korespondencja polska Marii Sklodowskiej-Curie 1881–1934.</i> Wydawnictwa IHN PAN, Warschau 1994, <a href=\"/wiki/Spezial:ISBN-Suche/838606210X\" class=\"internal mw-magiclink-isbn\">ISBN 83-86062-10-X</a>.</li>\n<li>Jan Piskurewicz (Hrsg.): <i>Korespondencja Marii Skłodowskiej-Curie z uczonymi z Europy Środkowej i Wschodniej, 1904–1934.</i> Wydawn. Uniwersytetu Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej, Lubin1998, <a href=\"/wiki/Spezial:ISBN-Suche/8322712413\" class=\"internal mw-magiclink-isbn\">ISBN 83-227-1241-3</a>.</li>\n<li>Hélène Langevin-Joliot, Monique Bordry (Hrsg.): <i>Lettres: Marie Curie et ses filles.</i> Pygmalion, Paris 2011, <a href=\"/wiki/Spezial:ISBN-Suche/9782756404578\" class=\"internal mw-magiclink-isbn\">ISBN 978-2-7564-0457-8</a>.</li></ul>\n<div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading2\"><h2 id=\"Nachweise\">Nachweise</h2><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">[</span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Marie_Curie&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=23\" title=\"Abschnitt bearbeiten: Nachweise\" class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\"><span>Bearbeiten</span></a><span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | </span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Marie_Curie&amp;action=edit&amp;section=23\" title=\"Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Nachweise\"><span>Quelltext bearbeiten</span></a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">]</span></span></div>\n<div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading3\"><h3 id=\"Literatur\">Literatur</h3><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">[</span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Marie_Curie&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=24\" title=\"Abschnitt bearbeiten: Literatur\" class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\"><span>Bearbeiten</span></a><span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | </span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Marie_Curie&amp;action=edit&amp;section=24\" title=\"Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Literatur\"><span>Quelltext bearbeiten</span></a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">]</span></span></div>\n<ul><li>P. Adloff, K. Lieser, G. Stöcklin (Hrsg.): <i>100 Years after the Discovery of Radiochemistry.</i> Oldenbourg Wissenschaftsverlag, 1996, <a href=\"/wiki/Spezial:ISBN-Suche/3486642529\" class=\"internal mw-magiclink-isbn\">ISBN 3-486-64252-9</a>.</li>\n<li>Christophe Charle, Eva Telkes: <i>Les professeurs de la faculté des sciences de Paris. Dictionnaire biographique 1901–1939.</i> INRP, Paris 1989, <a href=\"/wiki/Spezial:ISBN-Suche/2222043360\" class=\"internal mw-magiclink-isbn\">ISBN 2-222-04336-0</a>.</li>\n<li>Eve Curie: <i><a href=\"/wiki/Madame_Curie_(Buch)\" title=\"Madame Curie (Buch)\">Madame Curie. Leben und Wirken.</a></i> Büchergilde Gutenberg, Zürich/Prag 1938. (William Heinemann Ltd, London/Toronto 1947) <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http://www.archive.org/details/madamecurie035051mbp\">online</a> (Uebertragung aus dem Französischen von Maria Giustiniani).</li>\n<li>Marie Skłodowska Curie: <i>Selbstbiographie.</i> Nachdruck der ersten Auflage. B.&#160;G.&#160;Teubner Verlagsgesellschaft, Leipzig 1962, <span class=\"plainlinks-print\" style=\"white-space:nowrap\"><a href=\"/wiki/Deutsche_Nationalbibliothek\" title=\"Deutsche Nationalbibliothek\">DNB</a> <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://d-nb.info/450852741\">450852741</a></span>.</li>\n<li>Barbara Czarniawska, Guje Sevón: <i>The Thin End of the Wedge: Foreign Women Professors as Double Strangers in Academia.</i> In: <i>Gender, Work &amp; Organization.</i> Band&#160;15, Nr.&#160;3, 2008, S.&#160;235–287. <a href=\"//doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0432.2008.00392.x\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"doi:10.1111/j.1468-0432.2008.00392.x\">doi:10.1111/j.1468-0432.2008.00392.x</a>, <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://gupea.ub.gu.se/bitstream/2077/2986/1/2005-7_web.pdf\">PDF online</a>.</li>\n<li>Françoise Giroud: <i>„Die Menschheit braucht auch Träumer“ Marie Curie.</i> Econ&#160;&amp;&#160;List Taschenbuchverlag, München 1999, <a href=\"/wiki/Spezial:ISBN-Suche/3612266020\" class=\"internal mw-magiclink-isbn\">ISBN 3-612-26602-0</a>.</li>\n<li>Peter Ksoll, Fritz Vögtle: <i>Marie Curie.</i> Rowohlt, Reinbek bei Hamburg 1988, <a href=\"/wiki/Spezial:ISBN-Suche/3499504170\" class=\"internal mw-magiclink-isbn\">ISBN 3-499-50417-0</a>.</li>\n<li>Otto Hittmair: <i>Ernest Rutherford und das Wiener Radiuminstitut: Ein Kommentar zu einem Briefwechsel, wesentlich Marie Curie betreffend, mit dem Institutsdirektor Stefan Meyer.</i> In: <i>Sitzungsberichte und Anzeiger der mathematisch-naturwissenschaftlichen Klasse. Abteilung II: Mathematische, Physikalische und Technische Wissenschaften.</i> Band&#160;211, 2002, S.&#160;175–190; <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http://hw.oeaw.ac.at/?arp=0x0003efbf\">(online)</a></li>\n<li>Ann M. Lewicki: <i>Marie Sklodowska Curie in America.</i> In: <i>Radiology.</i> Band&#160;223, S.&#160;299–303, 2002. <a href=\"//doi.org/10.1148/radiol.2232011319\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"doi:10.1148/radiol.2232011319\">doi:10.1148/radiol.2232011319</a></li>\n<li>Milorad Mlađenović: <i>The History of Early Nuclear Physics (1896–1931).</i> World Scientific, 1992, <a href=\"/wiki/Spezial:ISBN-Suche/9810208073\" class=\"internal mw-magiclink-isbn\">ISBN 981-02-0807-3</a>.</li>\n<li>Susan Quinn: <i>Marie Curie. Eine Biographie.</i> Insel-Verlag, Frankfurt am Main 1999, <a href=\"/wiki/Spezial:ISBN-Suche/3458169423\" class=\"internal mw-magiclink-isbn\">ISBN 3-458-16942-3</a>.</li>\n<li>Sara Rockwell: <i>The Life and Legacy of Marie Curie.</i> In: <i>Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine.</i> Band 76, 2003, S.&#160;167–180, <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2582731/\">PMC&#160;2582731</a>&#32;(freier Volltext)</li>\n<li>Natalie Stegmann: <i>Marie Curie: Eine Naturwissenschaftlerin im Dickicht historischer Möglichkeiten.</i> In: <a href=\"/wiki/Bea_Lundt\" title=\"Bea Lundt\">Bea Lundt</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/B%C3%A4rbel_V%C3%B6lkel\" title=\"Bärbel Völkel\">Bärbel Völkel</a> (Hrsg.): <i>Outfit und Coming-out: Geschlechterwelten zwischen Mode, Labor und Strich.</i> LIT Verlag, Berlin/Hamburg/Münster 2007, <a href=\"/wiki/Spezial:ISBN-Suche/9783825804916\" class=\"internal mw-magiclink-isbn\">ISBN 978-3-8258-0491-6</a>, S.&#160;37–74.</li></ul>\n<div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading3\"><h3 id=\"Einzelnachweise\">Einzelnachweise</h3><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">[</span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Marie_Curie&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=25\" title=\"Abschnitt bearbeiten: Einzelnachweise\" class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\"><span>Bearbeiten</span></a><span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | </span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Marie_Curie&amp;action=edit&amp;section=25\" title=\"Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Einzelnachweise\"><span>Quelltext bearbeiten</span></a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">]</span></span></div>\n<div class=\"mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns\"><ol class=\"references\">\n<li id=\"cite&#95;note-1\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-1\">↑</a></span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Françoise Giroud: <i>„Die Menschheit braucht auch Träumer“ Marie Curie.</i> S.&#160;22.</span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite&#95;note-2\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-2\">↑</a></span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Marie Skłodowska Curie: <i>Selbstbiographie.</i> S.&#160;15.</span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite&#95;note-3\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-3\">↑</a></span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Susan Quinn: <i>Marie Curie. Eine Biographie.</i> S.&#160;71.</span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite&#95;note-4\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-4\">↑</a></span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Marie Skłodowska Curie: <i>Selbstbiographie.</i> S.&#160;18.</span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite&#95;note-5\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-5\">↑</a></span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Susan Quinn: <i>Marie Curie. Eine Biographie.</i> S.&#160;109.</span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite&#95;note-6\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-6\">↑</a></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><a href=\"/wiki/Barbara_Czarniawska\" title=\"Barbara Czarniawska\">Barbara Czarniawska</a>, Guje Sevón: <i>The Thin End of the Wedge: Foreign Women Professors as Double Strangers in Academia.</i> S.&#160;170.</span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite&#95;note-7\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-7\">↑</a></span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Peter Ksoll, Fritz Vögtle: <i>Marie Curie.</i> Rowohlt, Reinbek bei Hamburg 1988, <a href=\"/wiki/Spezial:ISBN-Suche/3499504170\" class=\"internal mw-magiclink-isbn\">ISBN 3-499-50417-0</a>, S.&#160;37–38.</span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite&#95;note-8\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-8\">↑</a></span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Susan Quinn: <i>Marie Curie. Eine Biographie.</i> S.&#160;116.</span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite&#95;note-9\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-9\">↑</a></span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Peter Ksoll, Fritz Vögtle: <i>Marie Curie.</i> Rowohlt, Reinbek bei Hamburg 1988, <a href=\"/wiki/Spezial:ISBN-Suche/3499504170\" class=\"internal mw-magiclink-isbn\">ISBN 3-499-50417-0</a>, S.&#160;48–49.</span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite&#95;note-10\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-10\">↑</a></span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Milorad Mlađenović: <i>The History of Early Nuclear Physics (1896–1931).</i> S.&#160;4.</span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite&#95;note-11\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-11\">↑</a></span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Lord Kelvin, John Carruthers Beattie, <a href=\"/wiki/Marian_Smoluchowski\" title=\"Marian Smoluchowski\">Marian Smoluchowski</a> de Smolan: <i>Electrification of Air by Röntgen Rays.</i> In: <i>Nature.</i> Band&#160;55, S.&#160;199–200, gelesen am 21.&#160;Dezember 1896 (<a href=\"//doi.org/10.1038/055199a0\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"doi:10.1038/055199a0\">doi:10.1038/055199a0</a>).</span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite&#95;note-12\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-12\">↑</a></span> <span class=\"reference-text\">John Carruthers Beattie: <i>On the Electrification of Air by Uranium and Its Compounds.</i> In: <i>Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh.</i> Band&#160;21, S.&#160;466–472, Edinburgh 1897.</span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite&#95;note-13\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-13\">↑</a></span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Susan Quinn: <i>Marie Curie. Eine Biographie.</i> S.&#160;166.</span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite&#95;note-14\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-14\">↑</a></span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Gerhard Carl Schmidt: <i>Über die von den Thorverbindungen und einigen anderen Substanzen ausgehende Strahlung.</i> In: <i>Annalen der Physik und Chemie.</i> Neue Folge, Band&#160;65, Nr.&#160;5, S.&#160;141–151, Johann Ambrosius Barth, Leipzig 1898, (15.&#160;April 1898); <a href=\"//doi.org/10.1002/andp.18983010512\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"doi:10.1002/andp.18983010512\">doi:10.1002/andp.18983010512</a>.</span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite&#95;note-15\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-15\">↑</a></span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Gerhard Carl Schmidt: <i>Sur les radiations émises par le thorium et ses composés.</i> In: <i>Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des séances de l’Académie des sciences.</i> Band&#160;126, S.&#160;1264, 1898; <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http://visualiseur.bnf.fr/CadresFenetre?O=NUMM-3082&amp;I=1264\">(online)</a></span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite&#95;note-16\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-16\">↑</a></span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Susan Quinn: <i>Marie Curie. Eine Biographie.</i> S.&#160;174.</span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite&#95;note-17\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-17\">↑</a></span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Eve Curie: <i>Madame Curie.</i> S.&#160;375.</span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite&#95;note-18\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-18\">↑</a></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><i><a href=\"/wiki/Comptes_rendus_de_l%E2%80%99Acad%C3%A9mie_des_sciences\" title=\"Comptes rendus de l’Académie des sciences\">Comptes rendus</a>.</i> Band 126, 1898, S. 1133 (<a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/3731111\">online</a>).</span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite&#95;note-19\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-19\">↑</a></span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Peter Ksoll, Fritz Vögtle: <i>Marie Curie.</i> Rowohlt, Reinbek bei Hamburg 1988, <a href=\"/wiki/Spezial:ISBN-Suche/3499504170\" class=\"internal mw-magiclink-isbn\">ISBN 3-499-50417-0</a>, S.&#160;61.</span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite&#95;note-20\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-20\">↑</a></span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Susan Quinn: <i>Marie Curie. Eine Biographie.</i> S.&#160;176.</span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite&#95;note-21\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-21\">↑</a></span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Susan Quinn: <i>Marie Curie. Eine Biographie.</i> S.&#160;208.</span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite&#95;note-22\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-22\">↑</a></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><i>Comptes rendus.</i> Band 131, 1900, S. 1114 (<a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/4804168\">online</a>).</span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite&#95;note-23\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-23\">↑</a></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><i>Comptes rendus.</i> Band 135, 1902, S. 1243 (<a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/7066268\">online</a>).</span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite&#95;note-24\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-24\">↑</a></span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Susan Quinn: <i>Marie Curie. Eine Biographie.</i> S.&#160;205.</span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite&#95;note-25\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-25\">↑</a></span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Sara Rockwell: <i>The Life and Legacy of Marie Curie.</i> S. 174.</span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite&#95;note-26\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-26\">↑</a></span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Susan Quinn: <i>Marie Curie. Eine Biographie.</i> S.&#160;210.</span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite&#95;note-27\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-27\">↑</a></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1903/summary/\">Informationen</a> der <a href=\"/wiki/Nobelpreis\" title=\"Nobelpreis\">Nobelstiftung</a> zur Preisverleihung 1903 an Marie Curie (englisch)</span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite&#95;note-28\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-28\">↑</a></span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Susan Quinn: <i>Marie Curie. Eine Biographie.</i> S.&#160;226.</span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite&#95;note-29\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-29\">↑</a></span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Susan Quinn: <i>Marie Curie. Eine Biographie.</i> S.&#160;229–230.</span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite&#95;note-30\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-30\">↑</a></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><i>Mort tragique de M. Curie</i>. In: <i><a href=\"/wiki/Le_Matin_(Frankreich)\" title=\"Le Matin (Frankreich)\">Le Matin</a></i>. 20. April 1906 (<a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k567943p/f1.zoom.langFR\">online</a>).</span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite&#95;note-31\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-31\">↑</a></span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Susan Quinn: <i>Marie Curie. Eine Biographie.</i> S.&#160;274.</span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite&#95;note-32\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-32\">↑</a></span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Susan Quinn: <i>Marie Curie. Eine Biographie.</i> S.&#160;293.</span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite&#95;note-33\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-33\">↑</a></span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Susan Quinn: <i>Marie Curie. Eine Biographie.</i> S.&#160;289–292.</span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite&#95;note-34\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-34\">↑</a></span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Bertram B. Boltwood: <i>The International Congress of Radiology and Electricity, Brussels, September 13–15, 1910.</i> In: <i>Science.</i> Band&#160;32, Nr.&#160;831, S.&#160;788–791, 1910; <a href=\"//doi.org/10.1126/science.32.831.788\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"doi:10.1126/science.32.831.788\">doi:10.1126/science.32.831.788</a>.</span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite&#95;note-35\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-35\">↑</a></span> <span class=\"reference-text\">E. Rutherford: <i>Radium standards and nomenclature.</i> In: <i>Nature.</i> Band&#160;84, S.&#160;430–431, 6.&#160;Oktober 1910; <a href=\"//doi.org/10.1038/084430a0\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"doi:10.1038/084430a0\">doi:10.1038/084430a0</a>.</span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite&#95;note-36\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-36\">↑</a></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><i>Une Académicienne?</i> In: <i><a href=\"/wiki/Le_Figaro\" title=\"Le Figaro\">Le Figaro</a></i>. <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http://gallica2.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k289033z.image.f2.langFR\">16. November 1910, S.&#160;2, Sp.&#160;6.</a>, (abgerufen am 2.&#160;März 2009).</span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite&#95;note-37\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-37\">↑</a></span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Jean Gaston Darboux: <i>Mme.&#160;Curie et l’académie des sciences.</i> In: <i>Le Temps.</i> <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http://visualiseur.bnf.fr/CadresFenetre?O=NUMM-240350&amp;I=2\">31.&#160;Dezember 1910, S. 2.</a>, (abgerufen am 5.&#160;März 2009).</span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite&#95;note-38\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-38\">↑</a></span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Susan Quinn. <i>Marie Curie. Eine Biographie.</i> S.&#160;341.</span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite&#95;note-39\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-39\">↑</a></span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Susan Quinn: <i>Marie Curie. Eine Biographie.</i> S.&#160;341–342.</span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite&#95;note-40\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-40\">↑</a></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><i>L’Institut misogyne a Mme.&#160;Curie.</i> In: <i>L’Humanité.</i> <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http://visualiseur.bnf.fr/CadresFenetre?O=NUMM-252618&amp;I=1\">5.&#160;Januar 1911, S.&#160;1.</a>, (abgerufen am 5.&#160;März 2009).</span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite&#95;note-41\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-41\">↑</a></span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Gérard d’Houville: <i>La Travesti vert.</i> In: <i>Le Figaro.</i> <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http://gallica2.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k289101g.f1.langFR\">21. Januar 1911, S.&#160;1.</a>, (abgerufen am 5.&#160;März 2009).</span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite&#95;note-sq486-42\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">↑ <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-sq486_42-0\">a</a></sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-sq486_42-1\">b</a></sup></span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Susan Quinn: <i>Marie Curie. Eine Biographie.</i> S.&#160;486.</span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite&#95;note-43\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-43\">↑</a></span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Susan Quinn: <i>Marie Curie. Eine Biographie.</i> S.&#160;312.</span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite&#95;note-44\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-44\">↑</a></span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Susan Quinn: <i>Marie Curie. Eine Biographie.</i> S.&#160;317.</span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite&#95;note-45\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-45\">↑</a></span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Susan Quinn: <i>Marie Curie. Eine Biographie.</i> S.&#160;352.</span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite&#95;note-46\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-46\">↑</a></span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Susan Quinn: <i>Marie Curie. Eine Biographie.</i> S.&#160;374.</span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite&#95;note-47\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-47\">↑</a></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><i>Un roman dans un laboratoire: l’aventure de Madame Curie et de Monsieur Langevin.</i> In: <i>Le Petit Journal.</i> <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http://gallica2.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k619529k.image.f1.langFR\">5.&#160;November 1911, S.&#160;1.</a>, (abgerufen am 2.&#160;März 2009).</span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite&#95;note-48\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-48\">↑</a></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><i>Mme. Curie et le professeur Langevin</i> In: <i>Le Petit Journal.</i> <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http://gallica2.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k619530h.r=.langfr\">6. November 1911, S.&#160;1.</a></span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite&#95;note-49\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-49\">↑</a></span> <span class=\"reference-text\">In: <i><a href=\"/wiki/Le_Temps_(Frankreich)\" title=\"Le Temps (Frankreich)\">Le Temps</a></i>. <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http://visualiseur.bnf.fr/CadresFenetre?O=NUMM-240664&amp;I=4\">8.&#160;November 1911, S.&#160;4.</a>, (abgerufen am 2.&#160;März 2009).</span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite&#95;note-50\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-50\">↑</a></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><i>L’Affaire Curie-Langevin renvoyèe.</i> In: <i>L’Humanité.</i> <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http://visualiseur.bnf.fr/CadresFenetre?O=NUMM-252955&amp;I=2\">9.&#160;Dezember 1911</a>, (abgerufen am 2.&#160;März 2009).</span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite&#95;note-51\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-51\">↑</a></span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Gustave Téry: <i>La vérité sur le scandale Curie. Pour une Mère.</i> In: <i>L’Œuvre.</i> 23.&#160;November 1911, S.&#160;1–10.</span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite&#95;note-52\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-52\">↑</a></span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Susan Quinn: <i>Marie Curie. Eine Biographie.</i> S.&#160;380.</span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite&#95;note-53\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-53\">↑</a></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><i>Le Duel D’Hier.</i> In: <i>Le Petit Journal.</i> <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http://visualiseur.bnf.fr/CadresFenetre?O=NUMM-619550&amp;I=2\">26.&#160;November 1911, S. 2.</a>, (abgerufen am 2.&#160;März 2009).</span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite&#95;note-54\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-54\">↑</a></span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Susan Quinn: <i>Marie Curie. Eine Biographie.</i> S.&#160;395.</span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite&#95;note-55\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-55\">↑</a></span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Susan Quinn: <i>Marie Curie. Eine Biographie.</i> S.&#160;393.</span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite&#95;note-56\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-56\">↑</a></span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Susan Quinn: <i>Marie Curie. Eine Biographie.</i> S. 396.</span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite&#95;note-57\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-57\">↑</a></span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Susan Quinn: <i>Marie Curie. Eine Biographie.</i> S.&#160;369.</span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite&#95;note-58\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-58\">↑</a></span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Vgl. hierzu den Abschnitt <i>The Langevin Affair</i> in <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/articles/curie/\">Nanny Fröman: <i>Marie and Pierre Curie and the Discovery of Polonium and Radium</i></a> (nobelprize.org, abgerufen am 7.&#160;November 2011).</span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite&#95;note-59\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-59\">↑</a></span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Marie Curie: <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1911/marie-curie-lecture.html\"><i>Radium and the New Concepts in Chemistry.</i></a> Nobelpreisvorlesung vom 11.&#160;Dezember 1911, (abgerufen am 7.&#160;November 2011).</span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite&#95;note-60\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-60\">↑</a></span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Susan Quinn: <i>Marie Curie. Eine Biographie.</i> S.&#160;399–400.</span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite&#95;note-61\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-61\">↑</a></span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Susan Quinn: <i>Marie Curie. Eine Biographie.</i> S.&#160;431.</span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite&#95;note-62\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-62\">↑</a></span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Susan Quinn: <i>Marie Curie. Eine Biographie.</i> S.&#160;436.</span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite&#95;note-63\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-63\">↑</a></span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Marie Skłodowska Curie: <i>Selbstbiographie.</i> S.&#160;56.</span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite&#95;note-Lewicki299-64\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">↑ <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-Lewicki299_64-0\">a</a></sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-Lewicki299_64-1\">b</a></sup></span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Ann M. Lewicki: <i>Marie Sklodowska Curie in America.</i> S.&#160;299.</span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite&#95;note-65\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-65\">↑</a></span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Joel O. Lubenau: <i><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http://www.orau.org/PTP/collection/Miscellaneous/photoalbum/sscinfo.pdf\">A Brief History of Standard Chemical Company</a> (PDF; 2,1&#160;MB)</i> (abgerufen am 2.&#160;März 2009).</span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite&#95;note-66\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-66\">↑</a></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><i>MME. CURIE SAILS TO RECEIVE RADIUM GIFT; Papers Glad She Is Accompanied Because of Forgetfulness in Ordinary Affairs.</i> In: <i>The New York Times.</i> <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" data-mw-original-href=\"http://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=9E0CE5DD1E3FEE3ABC4D53DFB366838A639EDE\" href=\"https://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=9E0CE5DD1E3FEE3ABC4D53DFB366838A639EDE\">4.&#160;Mai 1921, S.&#160;14.</a>. (Abgerufen am 1.&#160;März 2009).</span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite&#95;note-67\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-67\">↑</a></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><i>MME. CURIE PLANS TO END ALL CANCERS; Says Radium Is Sure Cure, Even in Deep-Rooted Cases, if Properly Treated. GETS TRIBUTE ON ARRIVAL Motherly Looking Scientist in Plain Black Frock Gives Thanks to Americans. Wanted to Come Here. Poles Great Scientist.</i> In: <i>The New York Times.</i> <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" data-mw-original-href=\"http://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=9A0DE0DB1739E133A25751C1A9639C946095D6CF\" href=\"https://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=9A0DE0DB1739E133A25751C1A9639C946095D6CF\">21.&#160;Mai 1921, S.&#160;1.</a>. (Abgerufen am 1.&#160;März 2009).</span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite&#95;note-68\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-68\">↑</a></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><i>RADIUM NOT A CURE FOR EVERY CANCER; But Mme. Curie Holds That Substance Is a Specific for Many Forms. GUEST OF MRS. CARNEGIE Vassar, Smith, American Chemical Society and Academy of Sciences Plan Receptions.</i> In: <i>The New York Times.</i> <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" data-mw-original-href=\"http://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=9506E2D91E3FEE3ABC4B52DFB366838A639EDE\" href=\"https://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=9506E2D91E3FEE3ABC4B52DFB366838A639EDE\">13.&#160;Mai 1921, S.&#160;22.</a>. (Abgerufen am 3.&#160;März 2009).</span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite&#95;note-69\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-69\">↑</a></span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Susan Quinn: <i>Marie Curie. Eine Biographie.</i> S.&#160;472.</span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite&#95;note-70\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-70\">↑</a></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><i>RADIUM PRESENTED TO MADAME CURIE; Vial Containing Gram, Given by American Women, Is Handed to Her by President. NOTABLE GROUP ATTENDS Harding in White House Ceremony Pays Tribute to Her as the World’s Foremost Scientist.</i> In: <i>The New York Times.</i> <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" data-mw-original-href=\"http://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=990DEEDE1F3FEE3ABC4951DFB366838A639EDE\" href=\"https://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=990DEEDE1F3FEE3ABC4951DFB366838A639EDE\">21.&#160;Mai 1921, S.&#160;12.</a>. (Abgerufen am 1.&#160;März 2009).</span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite&#95;note-71\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-71\">↑</a></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><i>Mme. Curie’s Brain Fagged By 'Small Talk' of Americans.</i> In: <i>The New York Times.</i> <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" data-mw-original-href=\"http://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=9C02E1DE143AE532A25756C2A9609C946095D6CF\" href=\"https://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=9C02E1DE143AE532A25756C2A9609C946095D6CF\">28.&#160;Mai 1921, S.&#160;1.</a>. (Abgerufen am 1.&#160;März 2009).</span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite&#95;note-72\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-72\">↑</a></span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Eve Curie: <i>Madame Curie.</i> S.&#160;379.</span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite&#95;note-73\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-73\">↑</a></span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Susan Quinn: <i>Marie Curie. Eine Biographie.</i> S.&#160;476.</span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite&#95;note-74\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-74\">↑</a></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><i>MME. CURIE FINDS AMERICA A MARVEL; Generosity, Care for the Young and for People’s Pleasures Impress Her in New York. PRAISES OUR INSTITUTIONS On Eve of Departure the Scientist Tells What She Thinks of Various Cities.</i> In: <i>The New York Times.</i> <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" data-mw-original-href=\"http://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=9C02E1DE143AE532A25756C2A9609C946095D6CF\" href=\"https://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=9C02E1DE143AE532A25756C2A9609C946095D6CF\">25.&#160;Juni 1921, S.&#160;11.</a>. (Abgerufen am 1.&#160;März 2009).</span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite&#95;note-75\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-75\">↑</a></span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Françoise Giroud: <i>„Die Menschheit braucht auch Träumer“ Marie Curie.</i> S.&#160;322.</span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite&#95;note-76\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-76\">↑</a></span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Eberhardt Gering: <i>Die Tätigkeit von Albert Einstein in Zusammenarbeit mit Hugo Andres Krüß in der Völkerbundkommission für Geistige Zusammenarbeit</i>. 2006; <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http://homepages.uni-tuebingen.de/gerd.simon/KruessundEinstein.pdf\">PDF Online</a>.</span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite&#95;note-77\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-77\">↑</a></span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Susan Quinn: <i>Marie Curie. Eine Biographie.</i> S.&#160;457.</span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite&#95;note-Quinn484-485-78\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">↑ <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-Quinn484-485_78-0\">a</a></sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-Quinn484-485_78-1\">b</a></sup></span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Susan Quinn: <i>Marie Curie. Eine Biographie.</i> S.&#160;484/485.</span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite&#95;note-79\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-79\">↑</a></span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Marie Skłodowska Curie: <i>Selbstbiographie.</i> S.&#160;61/62.</span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite&#95;note-80\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-80\">↑</a></span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Françoise Giroud: <i>„Die Menschheit braucht auch Träumer“ Marie Curie.</i> S.&#160;318.</span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite&#95;note-81\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-81\">↑</a></span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Ève Curie: <i>Madame Curie.</i> S.&#160;354.</span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite&#95;note-eve372-82\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">↑ <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-eve372_82-0\">a</a></sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-eve372_82-1\">b</a></sup></span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Eve Curie: <i>Madame Curie.</i> S. 372–373.</span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite&#95;note-83\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-83\">↑</a></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno?apm=0&amp;aid=nwj&amp;datum=19340705&amp;seite=6&amp;query=%22perniziöfe+Anämie%22\"><i>Madame Curie gestorben. Die berühmte Nobelpreisträgerin.</i></a>&#32;In:&#160;<i>Neues Wiener Journal</i>, 5. Juli 1934, S.&#160;6 (online bei <a href=\"/wiki/ANNO_%E2%80%93_AustriaN_Newspapers_Online\" title=\"ANNO – AustriaN Newspapers Online\">ANNO</a>).<span style=\"display:none\"><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Vorlage:ANNO/Wartung/nwj&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" class=\"new\" title=\"Vorlage:ANNO/Wartung/nwj (Seite nicht vorhanden)\">Vorlage:ANNO/Wartung/nwj</a></span></span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite&#95;note-84\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-84\">↑</a></span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Nanny Fröman: <i><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/articles/curie/\">Marie and Pierre Curie and the Discovery of Polonium and Radium</a></i>. Artikel bei <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http://nobelprize.org/\">nobelprize.org</a> (abgerufen am 31. März 2009).</span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite&#95;note-85\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-85\">↑</a></span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Eve Curie: <i>Madame Curie.</i> S.&#160;376–381.</span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite&#95;note-86\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-86\">↑</a></span> <span class=\"reference-text\">John Stewart: <i>Antarctica – An Encyclopedia.</i> Band 1, McFarland &amp; Co., Jefferson/London 2011, <a href=\"/wiki/Spezial:ISBN-Suche/9780786435906\" class=\"internal mw-magiclink-isbn\">ISBN 978-0-7864-3590-6</a>, S.&#160;380.</span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite&#95;note-87\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-87\">↑</a></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/Feature/5592\">Sklodowska</a> im <i>Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature</i> der <a href=\"/wiki/Internationale_Astronomische_Union\" title=\"Internationale Astronomische Union\">IAU</a> (WGPSN) / <a href=\"/wiki/United_States_Geological_Survey\" title=\"United States Geological Survey\">USGS</a></span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite&#95;note-88\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-88\">↑</a></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><span class=\"cite\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http://www.kowi.de/desktopdefault.aspx/tabid-434/\"><i>Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions (MSCA).</i></a>&#32;Kooperationsstelle EU der Wissenschaftsorganisationen (KoWi)&#44;<span class=\"Abrufdatum\">&#32;abgerufen am 24.&#160;August 2015</span>.</span><span style=\"display: none;\" class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx&#95;ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft&#95;val&#95;fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&amp;rfr&#95;id=info%3Asid%2Fde.wikipedia.org%3AMarie+Curie&amp;rft.title=Marie+Sk%C5%82odowska-Curie+Actions+%28MSCA%29&amp;rft.description=Marie+Sk%C5%82odowska-Curie+Actions+%28MSCA%29&amp;rft.identifier=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kowi.de%2Fdesktopdefault.aspx%2Ftabid-434%2F&amp;rft.publisher=Kooperationsstelle+EU+der+Wissenschaftsorganisationen+%28KoWi%29\">&#160;</span></span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite&#95;note-89\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-89\">↑</a></span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Institut Curie: <i><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://curie.fr/page/notre-histoire\">Notre histoire</a></i>; abgerufen am 4. Oktober 2017.</span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite&#95;note-90\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-90\">↑</a></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/Feature/5593\">Sklodowska</a> im <i>Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature</i> der <a href=\"/wiki/Internationale_Astronomische_Union\" title=\"Internationale Astronomische Union\">IAU</a> (WGPSN) / <a href=\"/wiki/United_States_Geological_Survey\" title=\"United States Geological Survey\">USGS</a></span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite&#95;note-91\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-91\">↑</a></span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Natalie Stegmann: <i>Marie Curie: Eine Naturwissenschaftlerin im Dickicht historischer Möglichkeiten.</i> In: Bea Lundt, Bärbel Völkel (Hrsg.): <i>Outfit und Coming-out: Geschlechterwelten zwischen Mode, Labor und Strich.</i> LIT Verlag, Berlin/Hamburg/Münster 2007, <a href=\"/wiki/Spezial:ISBN-Suche/9783825804916\" class=\"internal mw-magiclink-isbn\">ISBN 978-3-8258-0491-6</a>, S.&#160;37–74.</span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite&#95;note-92\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-92\">↑</a></span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Susan Quinn: <i>Marie Curie. Eine Biographie.</i> S.&#160;9.</span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite&#95;note-93\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-93\">↑</a></span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Natalie Stegmann: <i>Marie Curie: Eine Naturwissenschaftlerin im Dickicht historischer Möglichkeiten.</i> S.&#160;37.</span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite&#95;note-94\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-94\">↑</a></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><i>Frauen in den Naturwissenschaften</i>. Hamburg 1985; <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http://www.hs.uni-hamburg.de/DE/GNT/Info/Frauen/HTML-Fertig/FidN.pdf\">PDF-Online, S. 12</a>, abgerufen am 4. Oktober 2017.</span>\n</li>\n</ol></div>\n<div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading2\"><h2 id=\"Weiterführende_Literatur\"><span id=\"Weiterf.C3.BChrende_Literatur\"></span>Weiterführende Literatur</h2><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">[</span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Marie_Curie&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=26\" title=\"Abschnitt bearbeiten: Weiterführende Literatur\" class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\"><span>Bearbeiten</span></a><span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | </span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Marie_Curie&amp;action=edit&amp;section=26\" title=\"Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Weiterführende Literatur\"><span>Quelltext bearbeiten</span></a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">]</span></span></div>\n<ul><li>Eva Hemmungs Wirtén: <i>Making Marie Curie: Intellectual Property and Celebrity Culture in an Age of Information.</i> Chicago University Press, Chicago 2015, <a href=\"/wiki/Spezial:ISBN-Suche/9780226422503\" class=\"internal mw-magiclink-isbn\">ISBN 978-0-226-42250-3</a>.</li>\n<li>Dava Sobel: <i>The Elements of Marie Curie. How the Glow of Radium Lit a Path for Women in Science.</i> Atlantic Monthly Press, New York City 2024, <a href=\"/wiki/Spezial:ISBN-Suche/9780802163820\" class=\"internal mw-magiclink-isbn\">ISBN 978-0-8021-6382-0</a>.</li></ul>\n<div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading2\"><h2 id=\"Weblinks\">Weblinks</h2><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">[</span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Marie_Curie&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=27\" title=\"Abschnitt bearbeiten: Weblinks\" class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\"><span>Bearbeiten</span></a><span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | </span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Marie_Curie&amp;action=edit&amp;section=27\" title=\"Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Weblinks\"><span>Quelltext bearbeiten</span></a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">]</span></span></div>\n<div class=\"sisterproject\" style=\"margin:0.1em 0 0 0;\"><div class=\"noresize noviewer\" style=\"display:inline-block; line-height:10px; min-width:1.6em; text-align:center;\" aria-hidden=\"true\" role=\"presentation\"><span typeof=\"mw:File\"><span title=\"Commons\"><img alt=\"\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png?utm_source=de.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"12\" height=\"16\" class=\"mw-file-element\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png?utm_source=de.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" data-file-width=\"1024\" data-file-height=\"1376\" /></span></span></div><b><a class=\"external text\" href=\"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Marie_Curie?uselang=de\"><span lang=\"en\">Commons</span>: Marie Curie</a></b>&#160;– Sammlung von Bildern, Videos und Audiodateien</div>\n<div class=\"sisterproject\" style=\"margin:0.1em 0 0 0;\"><div class=\"noviewer\" style=\"display:inline-block; line-height:10px; min-width:1.6em; text-align:center;\" aria-hidden=\"true\" role=\"presentation\"><span class=\"skin-invert-image\" typeof=\"mw:File\"><span title=\"Wikiquote\"><img alt=\"\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/20px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png?utm_source=de.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"13\" height=\"16\" class=\"mw-file-element\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/40px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png?utm_source=de.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" data-file-width=\"300\" data-file-height=\"355\" /></span></span></div><b><a href=\"https://de.wikiquote.org/wiki/Marie_Curie\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"q:Marie Curie\">Wikiquote: Marie Curie</a></b>&#160;– Zitate </div>\n<div class=\"sisterproject\" style=\"margin:0.1em 0 0 0;\"><div class=\"noviewer\" style=\"display:inline-block; line-height:10px; min-width:1.6em; text-align:center;\" aria-hidden=\"true\" role=\"presentation\"><span typeof=\"mw:File\"><span title=\"Wikisource\"><img alt=\"\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/20px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png?utm_source=de.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"15\" height=\"16\" class=\"mw-file-element\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/40px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png?utm_source=de.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" data-file-width=\"410\" data-file-height=\"430\" /></span></span></div><b><a href=\"https://de.wikisource.org/wiki/Marie_Curie\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"s:Marie Curie\">Wikisource: Marie Curie</a></b>&#160;– Quellen und Volltexte</div>\n<ul><li><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1911/summary/\">Informationen</a> der <a href=\"/wiki/Nobelpreis\" title=\"Nobelpreis\">Nobelstiftung</a> zur Preisverleihung 1911 an Marie Curie (englisch)<span class=\"editoronly\" style=\"display:none;\"></span></li>\n<li>Marie Curie: <i><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1911/marie-curie-lecture.html\">Radium and the New Concepts in Chemistry.</a></i> Nobel-Vortrag anlässlich der Preisverleihung 1911 (englisch)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http://www.aip.org/history/exhibits/curie/contents.htm\"><i>Marie Curie.</i></a> Biografie auf der Website des <a href=\"/wiki/American_Institute_of_Physics\" title=\"American Institute of Physics\">American Institute of Physics</a> (englisch)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http://www.columbia.edu/cu/lweb/eresources/exhibitions/treasures/html/172b.html\">Manuskript</a> für die Zeitschrift <i>The Delineator</i> über ihren Amerikaaufenthalt</li>\n<li>Bert Coursey: <i><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http://physics.nist.gov/GenInt/Curie/main.html\">Marie Curie and the NBS Radium Standards</a></i> (englisch)</li></ul>\n<style data-mw-deduplicate=\"TemplateStyles:r246035994\">.mw-parser-output div.BoxenVerschmelzen{border-width:1px;border-style:solid;border-left-color:var(--dewiki-rahmenfarbe1);border-right-color:var(--dewiki-rahmenfarbe1);border-top-color:var(--dewiki-rahmenfarbe1);border-bottom-color:var(--dewiki-rahmenfarbe1);clear:both;font-size:95%;margin-top:1.5em;padding-top:2px}.mw-parser-output div.BoxenVerschmelzen div.NavFrame,.mw-parser-output div.BoxenVerschmelzen div.klappleiste{border:none;font-size:100%;margin:0;padding-top:0}</style><div class=\"BoxenVerschmelzen\">\n<style data-mw-deduplicate=\"TemplateStyles:r267773889\">.mw-parser-output div.klappleiste{border:1px solid var(--dewiki-rahmenfarbe1);clear:both;font-size:95%;box-sizing:border-box;margin-top:1.5em;padding:2px}.mw-parser-output div.klappleiste:after{clear:both;content:\"\";display:block}.mw-parser-output div.klappleiste-bild{float:left;padding:2px}.mw-parser-output div.klappleiste-kopf{background:var(--dewiki-hintergrundfarbe5);color:var(--color-base,#202122);text-align:center;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output div.klappleiste.mw-collapsed .klappleiste-bild{display:none}.mw-parser-output div.klappleiste+div.klappleiste,.mw-parser-output div.klappleiste+link+div.klappleiste,.mw-parser-output div.klappleiste+link+link+div.klappleiste,.mw-parser-output div.klappleiste+link+style+div.klappleiste,.mw-parser-output div.klappleiste+style+div.klappleiste,.mw-parser-output div.klappleiste+style+style+div.klappleiste,.mw-parser-output div.klappleiste+style+link+div.klappleiste{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output div.klappleiste+span+div.klappleiste{margin-top:-1px}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .klappleiste-bild span[typeof=\"mw:File\"]:not(.skin-invert-image) img{background-color:#c8ccd1}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .klappleiste-bild span[typeof=\"mw:File\"]:not(.skin-invert-image) img{background-color:#c8ccd1}}</style>\n<div class=\"klappleiste mw-collapsible navileiste navigation-not-searchable center\" role=\"navigation\">\n<div class=\"klappleiste-kopf\"><a href=\"/wiki/Liste_der_Nobelpreistr%C3%A4ger_f%C3%BCr_Physik\" title=\"Liste der Nobelpreisträger für Physik\">Träger des Nobelpreises für Physik</a></div>\n<div class=\"klappleiste-inhalt mw-collapsible-content\">\n<p>1901:&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Wilhelm_Conrad_R%C3%B6ntgen\" title=\"Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen\">Röntgen</a>&#160;&#124;\n1902:&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Hendrik_Antoon_Lorentz\" title=\"Hendrik Antoon Lorentz\">Lorentz</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Pieter_Zeeman\" title=\"Pieter Zeeman\">Zeeman</a>&#160;&#124;\n1903:&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Henri_Becquerel\" title=\"Henri Becquerel\">Becquerel</a>, <a class=\"mw-selflink selflink\">M.&#160;Curie</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Pierre_Curie\" title=\"Pierre Curie\">P.&#160;Curie</a>&#160;&#124;\n1904:&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/John_Strutt,_3._Baron_Rayleigh\" title=\"John Strutt, 3. Baron Rayleigh\">Rayleigh</a>&#160;&#124;\n1905:&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Philipp_Lenard\" title=\"Philipp Lenard\">Lenard</a>&#160;&#124;\n1906:&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Joseph_John_Thomson\" title=\"Joseph John Thomson\">J.&#160;J.&#160;Thomson</a>&#160;&#124;\n1907:&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Albert_Abraham_Michelson\" title=\"Albert Abraham Michelson\">Michelson</a>&#160;&#124;\n1908:&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Gabriel_Lippmann\" title=\"Gabriel Lippmann\">Lippmann</a>&#160;&#124;\n1909:&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Ferdinand_Braun\" title=\"Ferdinand Braun\">Braun</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Guglielmo_Marconi\" title=\"Guglielmo Marconi\">Marconi</a>&#160;&#124;\n1910:&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Johannes_Diderik_van_der_Waals\" title=\"Johannes Diderik van der Waals\">van&#160;der&#160;Waals</a>&#160;&#124;\n1911:&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Wilhelm_Wien\" title=\"Wilhelm Wien\">Wien</a>&#160;&#124;\n1912:&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Gustaf_Dal%C3%A9n\" title=\"Gustaf Dalén\">Dalén</a>&#160;&#124;\n1913:&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Heike_Kamerlingh_Onnes\" title=\"Heike Kamerlingh Onnes\">Kamerlingh&#160;Onnes</a>&#160;&#124;\n1914:&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Max_von_Laue\" title=\"Max von Laue\">Laue</a>&#160;&#124;\n1915:&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/William_Henry_Bragg\" title=\"William Henry Bragg\">W.&#160;H.&#160;Bragg</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/William_Lawrence_Bragg\" title=\"William Lawrence Bragg\">W.&#160;L.&#160;Bragg</a>&#160;&#124;\n1916:&#160;<i>nicht verliehen</i>&#160;&#124;\n1917:&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Charles_Glover_Barkla\" title=\"Charles Glover Barkla\">Barkla</a>&#160;&#124;\n1918:&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Max_Planck\" title=\"Max Planck\">Planck</a>&#160;&#124;\n1919:&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Johannes_Stark\" title=\"Johannes Stark\">Stark</a>&#160;&#124;\n1920:&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Charles_%C3%89douard_Guillaume\" title=\"Charles Édouard Guillaume\">Guillaume</a>&#160;&#124;\n1921:&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Albert_Einstein\" title=\"Albert Einstein\">Einstein</a>&#160;&#124;\n1922:&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Niels_Bohr\" title=\"Niels Bohr\">N. Bohr</a>&#160;&#124;\n1923:&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Robert_Andrews_Millikan\" title=\"Robert Andrews Millikan\">Millikan</a>&#160;&#124;\n1924:&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Manne_Siegbahn\" title=\"Manne Siegbahn\">M. Siegbahn</a>&#160;&#124;\n1925:&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/James_Franck\" title=\"James Franck\">Franck</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Gustav_Hertz\" title=\"Gustav Hertz\">Hertz</a>&#160;&#124;\n1926:&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Jean_Perrin\" title=\"Jean Perrin\">Perrin</a>&#160;&#124;\n1927:&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Arthur_Holly_Compton\" title=\"Arthur Holly Compton\">Compton</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Charles_Thomson_Rees_Wilson\" title=\"Charles Thomson Rees Wilson\">C.&#160;T.&#160;R.&#160;Wilson</a>&#160;&#124;\n1928:&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Owen_Willans_Richardson\" title=\"Owen Willans Richardson\">O. W. Richardson</a>&#160;&#124;\n1929:&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Louis_de_Broglie\" title=\"Louis de Broglie\">de&#160;Broglie</a>&#160;&#124;\n1930:&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/C._V._Raman\" title=\"C. V. Raman\">Raman</a>&#160;&#124;\n1931:&#160;<i>nicht&#160;verliehen</i>&#160;&#124;\n1932:&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Werner_Heisenberg\" title=\"Werner Heisenberg\">Heisenberg</a>&#160;&#124;\n1933:&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger\" title=\"Erwin Schrödinger\">Schrödinger</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Paul_Dirac\" title=\"Paul Dirac\">Dirac</a>&#160;&#124;\n1934:&#160;<i>nicht verliehen</i>&#160;&#124;\n1935:&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/James_Chadwick\" title=\"James Chadwick\">Chadwick</a>&#160;&#124;\n1936:&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Victor_Franz_Hess\" title=\"Victor Franz Hess\">Hess</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Carl_David_Anderson\" title=\"Carl David Anderson\">C.&#160;D.&#160;Anderson</a>&#160;&#124;\n1937:&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Clinton_Davisson\" title=\"Clinton Davisson\">Davisson</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/George_Paget_Thomson\" title=\"George Paget Thomson\">G.&#160;P.&#160;Thomson</a>&#160;&#124;\n1938:&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Enrico_Fermi\" title=\"Enrico Fermi\">Fermi</a>&#160;&#124;\n1939:&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Ernest_Lawrence\" title=\"Ernest Lawrence\">Lawrence</a>&#160;&#124;\n1940–1942:&#160;<i>nicht verliehen</i>&#160;&#124;\n1943:&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Otto_Stern_(Physiker)\" title=\"Otto Stern (Physiker)\">Stern</a>&#160;&#124;\n1944:&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Isidor_Isaac_Rabi\" title=\"Isidor Isaac Rabi\">Rabi</a>&#160;&#124;\n1945:&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Wolfgang_Pauli\" title=\"Wolfgang Pauli\">Pauli</a>&#160;&#124;\n1946:&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Percy_Williams_Bridgman\" title=\"Percy Williams Bridgman\">Bridgman</a>&#160;&#124;\n1947:&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Edward_Victor_Appleton\" title=\"Edward Victor Appleton\">Appleton</a>&#160;&#124;\n1948:&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Patrick_Blackett,_Baron_Blackett\" title=\"Patrick Blackett, Baron Blackett\">Blackett</a>&#160;&#124;\n1949:&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Hideki_Yukawa\" title=\"Hideki Yukawa\">Yukawa</a>&#160;&#124;\n1950:&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Cecil_Powell\" title=\"Cecil Powell\">Powell</a>&#160;&#124;\n1951:&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/John_Cockcroft\" title=\"John Cockcroft\">Cockcroft</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Ernest_Walton\" title=\"Ernest Walton\">Walton</a>&#160;&#124;\n1952:&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Felix_Bloch\" title=\"Felix Bloch\">Bloch</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Edward_Mills_Purcell\" title=\"Edward Mills Purcell\">Purcell</a>&#160;&#124;\n1953:&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Frits_Zernike\" title=\"Frits Zernike\">Zernike</a>&#160;&#124;\n1954:&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Max_Born\" title=\"Max Born\">Born</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Walther_Bothe\" title=\"Walther Bothe\">Bothe</a>&#160;&#124;\n1955:&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Willis_Eugene_Lamb\" title=\"Willis Eugene Lamb\">Lamb</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Polykarp_Kusch\" title=\"Polykarp Kusch\">Kusch</a>&#160;&#124;\n1956:&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/William_Bradford_Shockley\" title=\"William Bradford Shockley\">Shockley</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/John_Bardeen\" title=\"John Bardeen\">Bardeen</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Walter_Houser_Brattain\" title=\"Walter Houser Brattain\">Brattain</a>&#160;&#124;\n1957:&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Chen_Ning_Yang\" title=\"Chen Ning Yang\">Yang</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Tsung-Dao_Lee\" title=\"Tsung-Dao Lee\">T.-D.&#160;Lee</a>&#160;&#124;\n1958:&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Pawel_Alexejewitsch_Tscherenkow\" title=\"Pawel Alexejewitsch Tscherenkow\">Tscherenkow</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Ilja_Michailowitsch_Frank\" title=\"Ilja Michailowitsch Frank\">Frank</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Igor_Jewgenjewitsch_Tamm\" title=\"Igor Jewgenjewitsch Tamm\">Tamm</a>&#160;&#124;\n1959:&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Emilio_Segr%C3%A8\" title=\"Emilio Segrè\">Segrè</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Owen_Chamberlain\" title=\"Owen Chamberlain\">Chamberlain</a>&#160;&#124;\n1960:&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Donald_Arthur_Glaser\" title=\"Donald Arthur Glaser\">Glaser</a>&#160;&#124;\n1961:&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Robert_Hofstadter\" title=\"Robert Hofstadter\">Hofstadter</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Rudolf_M%C3%B6%C3%9Fbauer\" title=\"Rudolf Mößbauer\">Mößbauer</a>&#160;&#124;\n1962:&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Lew_Dawidowitsch_Landau\" title=\"Lew Dawidowitsch Landau\">Landau</a>&#160;&#124;\n1963:&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Eugene_Paul_Wigner\" title=\"Eugene Paul Wigner\">Wigner</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Maria_Goeppert-Mayer\" title=\"Maria Goeppert-Mayer\">Goeppert-Mayer</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Johannes_Hans_Daniel_Jensen\" title=\"Johannes Hans Daniel Jensen\">Jensen</a>&#160;&#124;\n1964:&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Charles_Hard_Townes\" title=\"Charles Hard Townes\">Townes</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Nikolai_Gennadijewitsch_Bassow\" title=\"Nikolai Gennadijewitsch Bassow\">Bassow</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Alexander_Michailowitsch_Prochorow\" title=\"Alexander Michailowitsch Prochorow\">Prochorow</a>&#160;&#124;\n1965:&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Richard_Feynman\" title=\"Richard Feynman\">Feynman</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Julian_Seymour_Schwinger\" title=\"Julian Seymour Schwinger\">Schwinger</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Shin%E2%80%99ichir%C5%8D_Tomonaga\" title=\"Shin’ichirō Tomonaga\">Tomonaga</a>&#160;&#124;\n1966:&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Alfred_Kastler\" title=\"Alfred Kastler\">Kastler</a>&#160;&#124;\n1967:&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Hans_Bethe\" title=\"Hans Bethe\">Bethe</a>&#160;&#124;\n1968:&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Luis_Walter_Alvarez\" title=\"Luis Walter Alvarez\">Alvarez</a>&#160;&#124;\n1969:&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Murray_Gell-Mann\" title=\"Murray Gell-Mann\">Gell-Mann</a>&#160;&#124;\n1970:&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Hannes_Alfv%C3%A9n\" title=\"Hannes Alfvén\">Alfvén</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Louis_N%C3%A9el\" title=\"Louis Néel\">Néel</a>&#160;&#124;\n1971:&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Dennis_G%C3%A1bor\" title=\"Dennis Gábor\">Gábor</a>&#160;&#124;\n1972:&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/John_Bardeen\" title=\"John Bardeen\">Bardeen</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Leon_Neil_Cooper\" title=\"Leon Neil Cooper\">Cooper</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/John_Robert_Schrieffer\" title=\"John Robert Schrieffer\">Schrieffer</a>&#160;&#124;\n1973:&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Leo_Esaki\" title=\"Leo Esaki\">Esaki</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Ivar_Giaever\" title=\"Ivar Giaever\">Giaever</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Brian_David_Josephson\" title=\"Brian David Josephson\">Josephson</a>&#160;&#124;\n1974:&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Martin_Ryle\" title=\"Martin Ryle\">Ryle</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Antony_Hewish\" title=\"Antony Hewish\">Hewish</a>&#160;&#124;\n1975:&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Aage_Niels_Bohr\" title=\"Aage Niels Bohr\">A. N. Bohr</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Ben_Mottelson\" title=\"Ben Mottelson\">Mottelson</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/James_Rainwater\" title=\"James Rainwater\">Rainwater</a>&#160;&#124;\n1976:&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Burton_Richter\" title=\"Burton Richter\">Richter</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Samuel_Chao_Chung_Ting\" title=\"Samuel Chao Chung Ting\">Ting</a>&#160;&#124;\n1977:&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Philip_Warren_Anderson\" title=\"Philip Warren Anderson\">P. W. Anderson</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Nevill_Francis_Mott\" title=\"Nevill Francis Mott\">Mott</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/John_Hasbrouck_Van_Vleck\" title=\"John Hasbrouck Van Vleck\">Van&#160;Vleck</a>&#160;&#124;\n1978:&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Pjotr_Leonidowitsch_Kapiza\" title=\"Pjotr Leonidowitsch Kapiza\">Kapiza</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Arno_Penzias\" title=\"Arno Penzias\">Penzias</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Robert_Woodrow_Wilson\" title=\"Robert Woodrow Wilson\">R.&#160;W.&#160;Wilson</a>&#160;&#124;\n1979:&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Sheldon_Lee_Glashow\" title=\"Sheldon Lee Glashow\">Glashow</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Abdus_Salam\" title=\"Abdus Salam\">Salam</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Steven_Weinberg\" title=\"Steven Weinberg\">Weinberg</a>&#160;&#124;\n1980:&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/James_Cronin\" title=\"James Cronin\">Cronin</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Val_Fitch\" title=\"Val Fitch\">Fitch</a>&#160;&#124;\n1981:&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Nicolaas_Bloembergen\" title=\"Nicolaas Bloembergen\">Bloembergen</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Arthur_Leonard_Schawlow\" title=\"Arthur Leonard Schawlow\">Schawlow</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Kai_Siegbahn\" title=\"Kai Siegbahn\">K.&#160;Siegbahn</a>&#160;&#124;\n1982:&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Kenneth_Wilson\" title=\"Kenneth Wilson\">K. Wilson</a>&#160;&#124;\n1983:&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Subrahmanyan_Chandrasekhar\" title=\"Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar\">Chandrasekhar</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/William_Alfred_Fowler\" title=\"William Alfred Fowler\">Fowler</a>&#160;&#124;\n1984:&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Carlo_Rubbia\" title=\"Carlo Rubbia\">Rubbia</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Simon_van_der_Meer\" title=\"Simon van der Meer\">van&#160;der&#160;Meer</a>&#160;&#124;\n1985:&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Klaus_von_Klitzing\" title=\"Klaus von Klitzing\">von Klitzing</a>&#160;&#124;\n1986:&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Ernst_Ruska\" title=\"Ernst Ruska\">Ruska</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Gerd_Binnig\" title=\"Gerd Binnig\">Binnig</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Heinrich_Rohrer\" title=\"Heinrich Rohrer\">Rohrer</a>&#160;&#124;\n1987:&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Georg_Bednorz\" title=\"Georg Bednorz\">Bednorz</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Karl_Alexander_M%C3%BCller\" title=\"Karl Alexander Müller\">Müller</a>&#160;&#124;\n1988:&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Leon_Max_Lederman\" title=\"Leon Max Lederman\">Lederman</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Melvin_Schwartz\" title=\"Melvin Schwartz\">Schwartz</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Jack_Steinberger\" title=\"Jack Steinberger\">Steinberger</a>&#160;&#124;\n1989:&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Wolfgang_Paul_(Physiker)\" title=\"Wolfgang Paul (Physiker)\">Paul</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Hans_Georg_Dehmelt\" title=\"Hans Georg Dehmelt\">Dehmelt</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Norman_Ramsey\" title=\"Norman Ramsey\">Ramsey</a>&#160;&#124;\n1990:&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Jerome_Isaac_Friedman\" title=\"Jerome Isaac Friedman\">Friedman</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Henry_Way_Kendall\" title=\"Henry Way Kendall\">Kendall</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Richard_Edward_Taylor\" title=\"Richard Edward Taylor\">R. E. Taylor</a>&#160;&#124;\n1991:&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Pierre-Gilles_de_Gennes\" title=\"Pierre-Gilles de Gennes\">de&#160;Gennes</a>&#160;&#124;\n1992:&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Georges_Charpak\" title=\"Georges Charpak\">Charpak</a>&#160;&#124;\n1993:&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Russell_Hulse\" title=\"Russell Hulse\">Hulse</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Joseph_Hooton_Taylor,_Jr.\" title=\"Joseph Hooton Taylor, Jr.\">J.&#160;H.&#160;Taylor</a>&#160;&#124;\n1994:&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Bertram_Brockhouse\" title=\"Bertram Brockhouse\">Brockhouse</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Clifford_Shull\" title=\"Clifford Shull\">Shull</a>&#160;&#124;\n1995:&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Martin_Lewis_Perl\" title=\"Martin Lewis Perl\">Perl</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Frederick_Reines\" title=\"Frederick Reines\">Reines</a>&#160;&#124;\n1996:&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/David_Morris_Lee\" title=\"David Morris Lee\">D. M. Lee</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Douglas_Dean_Osheroff\" title=\"Douglas Dean Osheroff\">Osheroff</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Robert_Coleman_Richardson\" title=\"Robert Coleman Richardson\">R.&#160;C.&#160;Richardson</a>&#160;&#124;\n1997:&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Steven_Chu\" title=\"Steven Chu\">Chu</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Claude_Cohen-Tannoudji\" title=\"Claude Cohen-Tannoudji\">Cohen-Tannoudji</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/William_Daniel_Phillips\" title=\"William Daniel Phillips\">Phillips</a>&#160;&#124;\n1998:&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Robert_Betts_Laughlin\" title=\"Robert Betts Laughlin\">Laughlin</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Horst_Ludwig_St%C3%B6rmer\" title=\"Horst Ludwig Störmer\">Störmer</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Daniel_Chee_Tsui\" title=\"Daniel Chee Tsui\">Tsui</a>&#160;&#124;\n1999:&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Gerard_%E2%80%99t_Hooft\" title=\"Gerard ’t Hooft\">’t&#160;Hooft</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Martinus_J._G._Veltman\" title=\"Martinus J. G. Veltman\">Veltman</a>&#160;&#124;\n2000:&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Schores_Iwanowitsch_Alfjorow\" title=\"Schores Iwanowitsch Alfjorow\">Alfjorow</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Herbert_Kroemer\" title=\"Herbert Kroemer\">Kroemer</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Jack_Kilby\" title=\"Jack Kilby\">Kilby</a>&#160;&#124;\n2001:&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Eric_Allin_Cornell\" title=\"Eric Allin Cornell\">Cornell</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Wolfgang_Ketterle\" title=\"Wolfgang Ketterle\">Ketterle</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Carl_Edwin_Wieman\" title=\"Carl Edwin Wieman\">Wieman</a>&#160;&#124;\n2002:&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Raymond_Davis_junior\" title=\"Raymond Davis junior\">Davis Jr.</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Masatoshi_Koshiba\" title=\"Masatoshi Koshiba\">Koshiba</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Riccardo_Giacconi\" title=\"Riccardo Giacconi\">Giacconi</a>&#160;&#124;\n2003:&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Alexei_Alexejewitsch_Abrikossow\" title=\"Alexei Alexejewitsch Abrikossow\">Abrikossow</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Witali_Lasarewitsch_Ginsburg\" title=\"Witali Lasarewitsch Ginsburg\">Ginsburg</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Anthony_James_Leggett\" title=\"Anthony James Leggett\">Leggett</a>&#160;&#124;\n2004:&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/David_Gross\" title=\"David Gross\">Gross</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/David_Politzer\" title=\"David Politzer\">Politzer</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Frank_Wilczek\" title=\"Frank Wilczek\">Wilczek</a>&#160;&#124;\n2005:&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Roy_Jay_Glauber\" title=\"Roy Jay Glauber\">Glauber</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/John_Lewis_Hall\" title=\"John Lewis Hall\">Hall</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Theodor_H%C3%A4nsch\" title=\"Theodor Hänsch\">Hänsch</a>&#160;&#124;\n2006:&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/John_Cromwell_Mather\" title=\"John Cromwell Mather\">Mather</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/George_Smoot\" title=\"George Smoot\">Smoot</a>&#160;&#124;\n2007:&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Albert_Fert\" title=\"Albert Fert\">Fert</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Peter_Gr%C3%BCnberg\" title=\"Peter Grünberg\">Grünberg</a>&#160;&#124;\n2008:&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Y%C5%8Dichir%C5%8D_Nambu\" title=\"Yōichirō Nambu\">Nambu</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Makoto_Kobayashi_(Physiker)\" title=\"Makoto Kobayashi (Physiker)\">Kobayashi</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Toshihide_Masukawa\" title=\"Toshihide Masukawa\">Maskawa</a>&#160;&#124;\n2009:&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Charles_Kuen_Kao\" title=\"Charles Kuen Kao\">Kao</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Willard_Boyle\" title=\"Willard Boyle\">Boyle</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/George_E._Smith\" title=\"George E. Smith\">Smith</a>&#160;&#124;\n2010:&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Andre_Geim\" title=\"Andre Geim\">Geim</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Konstantin_Novoselov\" title=\"Konstantin Novoselov\">Novoselov</a>&#160;&#124;\n2011:&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Saul_Perlmutter\" title=\"Saul Perlmutter\">Perlmutter</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Brian_P._Schmidt\" title=\"Brian P. Schmidt\">Schmidt</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Adam_Riess\" title=\"Adam Riess\">Riess</a>&#160;&#124;\n2012:&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Serge_Haroche\" title=\"Serge Haroche\">Haroche</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/David_Wineland\" title=\"David Wineland\">Wineland</a>&#160;&#124;\n2013:&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Englert\" title=\"François Englert\">Englert</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Peter_Higgs\" title=\"Peter Higgs\">Higgs</a>&#160;&#124;\n2014:&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Isamu_Akasaki\" title=\"Isamu Akasaki\">Akasaki</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Hiroshi_Amano\" title=\"Hiroshi Amano\">Amano</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Shuji_Nakamura\" title=\"Shuji Nakamura\">Nakamura</a>&#160;&#124;\n2015:&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Takaaki_Kajita\" title=\"Takaaki Kajita\">Kajita</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Arthur_McDonald\" title=\"Arthur McDonald\">McDonald</a>&#160;&#124;\n2016:&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/David_J._Thouless\" title=\"David J. Thouless\">Thouless</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/F._Duncan_M._Haldane\" title=\"F. Duncan M. Haldane\">Haldane</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/J._Michael_Kosterlitz\" title=\"J. Michael Kosterlitz\">Kosterlitz</a>&#160;&#124;\n2017:&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Barry_Barish\" title=\"Barry Barish\">Barish</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Kip_Thorne\" title=\"Kip Thorne\">Thorne</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Rainer_Weiss\" title=\"Rainer Weiss\">Weiss</a>&#160;&#124;\n2018:&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Arthur_Ashkin\" title=\"Arthur Ashkin\">Ashkin</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/G%C3%A9rard_Mourou\" title=\"Gérard Mourou\">Mourou</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Donna_Strickland\" title=\"Donna Strickland\">Strickland</a>&#160;&#124;\n2019:&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/James_Peebles\" title=\"James Peebles\">Peebles</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Michel_Mayor\" title=\"Michel Mayor\">Mayor</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Didier_Queloz\" title=\"Didier Queloz\">Queloz</a>&#160;&#124;\n2020:&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Roger_Penrose\" title=\"Roger Penrose\">Penrose</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Reinhard_Genzel\" title=\"Reinhard Genzel\">Genzel</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Andrea_Ghez\" title=\"Andrea Ghez\">Ghez</a>&#160;&#124;\n2021:&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Syukuro_Manabe\" title=\"Syukuro Manabe\">Manabe</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Klaus_Hasselmann\" title=\"Klaus Hasselmann\">Hasselmann</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Giorgio_Parisi\" title=\"Giorgio Parisi\">Parisi</a>&#160;&#124;\n2022:&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Alain_Aspect\" title=\"Alain Aspect\">Aspect</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/John_Clauser\" title=\"John Clauser\">Clauser</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Anton_Zeilinger\" title=\"Anton Zeilinger\">Zeilinger</a>&#160;&#124;\n2023:&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Pierre_Agostini\" title=\"Pierre Agostini\">Agostini</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Ferenc_Krausz\" title=\"Ferenc Krausz\">Krausz</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Anne_L%E2%80%99Huillier\" title=\"Anne L’Huillier\">L’Huillier</a>&#160;&#124;\n2024:&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/John_Hopfield\" title=\"John Hopfield\">Hopfield</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Geoffrey_Hinton\" title=\"Geoffrey Hinton\">Hinton</a>&#160;&#124;\n2025:&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/John_Clarke_(Physiker)\" title=\"John Clarke (Physiker)\">Clarke</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Michel_Devoret\" title=\"Michel Devoret\">Devoret</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/John_M._Martinis\" title=\"John M. Martinis\">Martinis</a>\n</p>\n</div></div><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r267773889\" />\n<div class=\"klappleiste mw-collapsible navileiste navigation-not-searchable center\" role=\"navigation\">\n<div class=\"klappleiste-kopf\"><a href=\"/wiki/Liste_der_Nobelpreistr%C3%A4ger_f%C3%BCr_Chemie\" title=\"Liste der Nobelpreisträger für Chemie\">Träger des Nobelpreises für Chemie</a></div>\n<div class=\"klappleiste-inhalt mw-collapsible-content\">\n<p>1901:&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Jacobus_Henricus_van_%E2%80%99t_Hoff\" title=\"Jacobus Henricus van ’t Hoff\">van ’t Hoff</a>&#160;&#124;\n1902:&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Emil_Fischer\" title=\"Emil Fischer\">E. Fischer</a>&#160;&#124;\n1903:&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Svante_Arrhenius\" title=\"Svante Arrhenius\">Arrhenius</a>&#160;&#124;\n1904:&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/William_Ramsay\" title=\"William Ramsay\">Ramsay</a>&#160;&#124;\n1905:&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Adolf_von_Baeyer\" title=\"Adolf von Baeyer\">von Baeyer</a>&#160;&#124;\n1906:&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Henri_Moissan\" title=\"Henri Moissan\">Moissan</a>&#160;&#124;\n1907:&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Eduard_Buchner\" title=\"Eduard Buchner\">Buchner</a>&#160;&#124;\n1908:&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Ernest_Rutherford\" title=\"Ernest Rutherford\">Rutherford</a>&#160;&#124;\n1909:&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Wilhelm_Ostwald\" title=\"Wilhelm Ostwald\">Ostwald</a>&#160;&#124;\n1910:&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Otto_Wallach\" title=\"Otto Wallach\">Wallach</a>&#160;&#124;\n1911:&#160;<a class=\"mw-selflink selflink\">Curie</a>&#160;&#124;\n1912:&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Victor_Grignard\" title=\"Victor Grignard\">Grignard</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Paul_Sabatier_(Chemiker)\" title=\"Paul Sabatier (Chemiker)\">Sabatier</a>&#160;&#124;\n1913:&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Alfred_Werner_(Chemiker)\" title=\"Alfred Werner (Chemiker)\">Werner</a>&#160;&#124;\n1914:&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Theodore_William_Richards\" title=\"Theodore William Richards\">Richards</a>&#160;&#124;\n1915:&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Richard_Willst%C3%A4tter\" title=\"Richard Willstätter\">Willstätter</a>&#160;&#124;\n1916–1917:&#160;<i>nicht verliehen</i>&#160;&#124;\n1918:&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Fritz_Haber\" title=\"Fritz Haber\">Haber</a>&#160;&#124;\n1919:&#160;<i>nicht verliehen</i>&#160;&#124;\n1920:&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Walther_Nernst\" title=\"Walther Nernst\">Nernst</a>&#160;&#124;\n1921:&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Frederick_Soddy\" title=\"Frederick Soddy\">Soddy</a>&#160;&#124;\n1922:&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Francis_William_Aston\" title=\"Francis William Aston\">Aston</a>&#160;&#124;\n1923:&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Fritz_Pregl\" title=\"Fritz Pregl\">Pregl</a>&#160;&#124;\n1924:&#160;<i>nicht verliehen</i>&#160;&#124;\n1925:&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Richard_Zsigmondy\" title=\"Richard Zsigmondy\">Zsigmondy</a>&#160;&#124;\n1926:&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/The_Svedberg\" title=\"The Svedberg\">Svedberg</a>&#160;&#124;\n1927:&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Heinrich_Wieland\" title=\"Heinrich Wieland\">Wieland</a>&#160;&#124;\n1928:&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Adolf_Windaus\" title=\"Adolf Windaus\">Windaus</a>&#160;&#124;\n1929:&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Arthur_Harden\" title=\"Arthur Harden\">Harden</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Hans_von_Euler-Chelpin\" title=\"Hans von Euler-Chelpin\">von Euler-Chelpin</a>&#160;&#124;\n1930:&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Hans_Fischer_(Chemiker)\" title=\"Hans Fischer (Chemiker)\">H. Fischer</a>&#160;&#124;\n1931:&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Carl_Bosch\" title=\"Carl Bosch\">Bosch</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Friedrich_Bergius\" title=\"Friedrich Bergius\">Bergius</a>&#160;&#124;\n1932:&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Irving_Langmuir\" title=\"Irving Langmuir\">Langmuir</a>&#160;&#124;\n1933:&#160;<i>nicht verliehen</i>&#160;&#124;\n1934:&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Harold_C._Urey\" title=\"Harold C. Urey\">Urey</a>&#160;&#124;\n1935:&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Joliot-Curie\" title=\"Frédéric Joliot-Curie\">F. Joliot-Curie</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Ir%C3%A8ne_Joliot-Curie\" title=\"Irène Joliot-Curie\">I. Joliot-Curie</a>&#160;&#124;\n1936:&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Peter_Debye\" title=\"Peter Debye\">Debye</a>&#160;&#124;\n1937:&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Walter_Norman_Haworth\" title=\"Walter Norman Haworth\">Haworth</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Paul_Karrer\" title=\"Paul Karrer\">Karrer</a>&#160;&#124;\n1938:&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Richard_Kuhn\" title=\"Richard Kuhn\">Kuhn</a>&#160;&#124;\n1939:&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Adolf_Butenandt\" title=\"Adolf Butenandt\">Butenandt</a>&#160;&#124;\n1940–1942:&#160;<i>nicht verliehen</i>&#160;&#124;\n1943:&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/George_de_Hevesy\" title=\"George de Hevesy\">de Hevesy</a>&#160;&#124;\n1944:&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Otto_Hahn\" title=\"Otto Hahn\">Hahn</a>&#160;&#124;\n1945:&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Artturi_Ilmari_Virtanen\" title=\"Artturi Ilmari Virtanen\">Virtanen</a>&#160;&#124;\n1946:&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/James_Batcheller_Sumner\" title=\"James Batcheller Sumner\">Sumner</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/John_Howard_Northrop\" title=\"John Howard Northrop\">Northrop</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Wendell_Meredith_Stanley\" title=\"Wendell Meredith Stanley\">Stanley</a>&#160;&#124;\n1947:&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Robert_Robinson\" title=\"Robert Robinson\">Robinson</a>&#160;&#124;\n1948:&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Arne_Tiselius\" title=\"Arne Tiselius\">Tiselius</a>&#160;&#124;\n1949:&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/William_Francis_Giauque\" title=\"William Francis Giauque\">Giauque</a>&#160;&#124;\n1950:&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Otto_Diels\" title=\"Otto Diels\">Diels</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Kurt_Alder\" title=\"Kurt Alder\">Alder</a>&#160;&#124;\n1951:&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Edwin_Mattison_McMillan\" title=\"Edwin Mattison McMillan\">McMillan</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Glenn_T._Seaborg\" title=\"Glenn T. Seaborg\">Seaborg</a>&#160;&#124;\n1952:&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Archer_J._P._Martin\" title=\"Archer J. P. Martin\">Martin</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Richard_L._M._Synge\" title=\"Richard L. M. Synge\">Synge</a>&#160;&#124;\n1953:&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Hermann_Staudinger\" title=\"Hermann Staudinger\">Staudinger</a>&#160;&#124;\n1954:&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Linus_Pauling\" title=\"Linus Pauling\">Pauling</a>&#160;&#124;\n1955:&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Vincent_du_Vigneaud\" title=\"Vincent du Vigneaud\">Vigneaud</a>&#160;&#124;\n1956:&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Cyril_Norman_Hinshelwood\" title=\"Cyril Norman Hinshelwood\">Hinshelwood</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Nikolai_Nikolajewitsch_Semjonow\" title=\"Nikolai Nikolajewitsch Semjonow\">Semjonow</a>&#160;&#124;\n1957:&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Alexander_Robertus_Todd\" title=\"Alexander Robertus Todd\">Todd</a>&#160;&#124;\n1958:&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Frederick_Sanger\" title=\"Frederick Sanger\">Sanger</a>&#160;&#124;\n1959:&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Jaroslav_Heyrovsk%C3%BD\" title=\"Jaroslav Heyrovský\">Heyrovský</a>&#160;&#124;\n1960:&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Willard_Libby\" title=\"Willard Libby\">Libby</a>&#160;&#124;\n1961:&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Melvin_Calvin\" title=\"Melvin Calvin\">Calvin</a>&#160;&#124;\n1962:&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Max_Ferdinand_Perutz\" title=\"Max Ferdinand Perutz\">Perutz</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/John_Cowdery_Kendrew\" title=\"John Cowdery Kendrew\">Kendrew</a>&#160;&#124;\n1963:&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Karl_Ziegler\" title=\"Karl Ziegler\">Ziegler</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Giulio_Natta\" title=\"Giulio Natta\">Natta</a>&#160;&#124;\n1964:&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Dorothy_Crowfoot_Hodgkin\" title=\"Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin\">Hodgkin</a>&#160;&#124;\n1965:&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Robert_B._Woodward\" title=\"Robert B. Woodward\">Woodward</a>&#160;&#124;\n1966:&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Robert_Mulliken\" title=\"Robert Mulliken\">Mulliken</a>&#160;&#124;\n1967:&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Manfred_Eigen\" title=\"Manfred Eigen\">Eigen</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Ronald_George_Wreyford_Norrish\" title=\"Ronald George Wreyford Norrish\">Norrish</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/George_Porter,_Baron_Porter_of_Luddenham\" title=\"George Porter, Baron Porter of Luddenham\">Porter</a>&#160;&#124;\n1968:&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Lars_Onsager\" title=\"Lars Onsager\">Onsager</a>&#160;&#124;\n1969:&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Derek_H._R._Barton\" title=\"Derek H. R. Barton\">Barton</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Odd_Hassel\" title=\"Odd Hassel\">Hassel</a>&#160;&#124;\n1970:&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Luis_Federico_Leloir\" title=\"Luis Federico Leloir\">Leloir</a>&#160;&#124;\n1971:&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Gerhard_Herzberg\" title=\"Gerhard Herzberg\">Herzberg</a>&#160;&#124;\n1972:&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Christian_B._Anfinsen\" title=\"Christian B. Anfinsen\">Anfinsen</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Stanford_Moore\" title=\"Stanford Moore\">Moore</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/William_Howard_Stein\" title=\"William Howard Stein\">Stein</a>&#160;&#124;\n1973:&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Ernst_Otto_Fischer\" title=\"Ernst Otto Fischer\">E. O. Fischer</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Geoffrey_Wilkinson\" title=\"Geoffrey Wilkinson\">Wilkinson</a>&#160;&#124;\n1974:&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Paul_Flory\" title=\"Paul Flory\">Flory</a>&#160;&#124;\n1975:&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/John_W._Cornforth\" title=\"John W. Cornforth\">Cornforth</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Vladimir_Prelog\" title=\"Vladimir Prelog\">Prelog</a>&#160;&#124;\n1976:&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/William_Lipscomb\" title=\"William Lipscomb\">Lipscomb</a>&#160;&#124;\n1977:&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Ilya_Prigogine\" title=\"Ilya Prigogine\">Prigogine</a>&#160;&#124;\n1978:&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Peter_D._Mitchell\" title=\"Peter D. Mitchell\">Mitchell</a>&#160;&#124;\n1979:&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Herbert_Charles_Brown\" title=\"Herbert Charles Brown\">Brown</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Georg_Wittig\" title=\"Georg Wittig\">Wittig</a>&#160;&#124;\n1980:&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Paul_Berg\" title=\"Paul Berg\">Berg</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Walter_Gilbert\" title=\"Walter Gilbert\">Gilbert</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Frederick_Sanger\" title=\"Frederick Sanger\">Sanger</a>&#160;&#124;\n1981:&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Kenichi_Fukui\" title=\"Kenichi Fukui\">Fukui</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Roald_Hoffmann\" title=\"Roald Hoffmann\">Hoffmann</a>&#160;&#124;\n1982:&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Aaron_Klug\" title=\"Aaron Klug\">Klug</a>&#160;&#124;\n1983:&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Henry_Taube\" title=\"Henry Taube\">Taube</a>&#160;&#124;\n1984:&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Robert_Bruce_Merrifield\" title=\"Robert Bruce Merrifield\">Merrifield</a>&#160;&#124;\n1985:&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Herbert_A._Hauptman\" title=\"Herbert A. Hauptman\">Hauptman</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Jerome_Karle\" title=\"Jerome Karle\">Karle</a>&#160;&#124;\n1986:&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Dudley_R._Herschbach\" title=\"Dudley R. Herschbach\">Herschbach</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Yuan_T._Lee\" title=\"Yuan T. Lee\">Lee</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/John_C._Polanyi\" title=\"John C. Polanyi\">Polanyi</a>&#160;&#124;\n1987:&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Donald_J._Cram\" title=\"Donald J. Cram\">Cram</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Jean-Marie_Lehn\" title=\"Jean-Marie Lehn\">Lehn</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Charles_Pedersen\" title=\"Charles Pedersen\">Pedersen</a>&#160;&#124;\n1988:&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Johann_Deisenhofer\" title=\"Johann Deisenhofer\">Deisenhofer</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Robert_Huber\" title=\"Robert Huber\">Huber</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Hartmut_Michel\" title=\"Hartmut Michel\">Michel</a>&#160;&#124;\n1989:&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Sidney_Altman\" title=\"Sidney Altman\">Altman</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Thomas_R._Cech\" title=\"Thomas R. Cech\">Cech</a>&#160;&#124;\n1990:&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Elias_James_Corey\" title=\"Elias James Corey\">Corey</a>&#160;&#124;\n1991:&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Richard_R._Ernst\" title=\"Richard R. Ernst\">Ernst</a>&#160;&#124;\n1992:&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Rudolph_Arthur_Marcus\" title=\"Rudolph Arthur Marcus\">Marcus</a>&#160;&#124;\n1993:&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Kary_Mullis\" title=\"Kary Mullis\">Mullis</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Michael_Smith_(Chemiker)\" title=\"Michael Smith (Chemiker)\">Smith</a>&#160;&#124;\n1994:&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/George_A._Olah\" title=\"George A. Olah\">Olah</a>&#160;&#124;\n1995:&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Paul_J._Crutzen\" title=\"Paul J. Crutzen\">Crutzen</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Mario_J._Molina\" title=\"Mario J. Molina\">Molina</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Frank_Sherwood_Rowland\" title=\"Frank Sherwood Rowland\">Rowland</a>&#160;&#124;\n1996:&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Robert_F._Curl\" title=\"Robert F. Curl\">Curl</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Harold_Kroto\" title=\"Harold Kroto\">Kroto</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Richard_E._Smalley\" title=\"Richard E. Smalley\">Smalley</a>&#160;&#124;\n1997:&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Paul_Delos_Boyer\" title=\"Paul Delos Boyer\">Boyer</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/John_E._Walker\" title=\"John E. Walker\">Walker</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Jens_Christian_Skou\" title=\"Jens Christian Skou\">Skou</a>&#160;&#124;\n1998:&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Walter_Kohn\" title=\"Walter Kohn\">Kohn</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/John_Anthony_Pople\" title=\"John Anthony Pople\">Pople</a>&#160;&#124;\n1999:&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Ahmed_Zewail\" title=\"Ahmed Zewail\">Zewail</a>&#160;&#124;\n2000:&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Alan_J._Heeger\" title=\"Alan J. Heeger\">Heeger</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Alan_MacDiarmid\" title=\"Alan MacDiarmid\">MacDiarmid</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Hideki_Shirakawa\" title=\"Hideki Shirakawa\">Shirakawa</a>&#160;&#124;\n2001:&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/William_S._Knowles\" title=\"William S. Knowles\">Knowles</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Ry%C5%8Dji_Noyori\" title=\"Ryōji Noyori\">Noyori</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Barry_Sharpless\" title=\"Barry Sharpless\">Sharpless</a>&#160;&#124;\n2002:&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/John_B._Fenn\" title=\"John B. Fenn\">Fenn</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/K%C5%8Dichi_Tanaka\" title=\"Kōichi Tanaka\">Tanaka</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Kurt_W%C3%BCthrich\" title=\"Kurt Wüthrich\">Wüthrich</a>&#160;&#124;\n2003:&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Peter_Agre\" title=\"Peter Agre\">Agre</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Roderick_MacKinnon\" title=\"Roderick MacKinnon\">MacKinnon</a>&#160;&#124;\n2004:&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Aaron_Ciechanover\" title=\"Aaron Ciechanover\">Ciechanover</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Avram_Hershko\" title=\"Avram Hershko\">Hershko</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Irwin_Rose\" title=\"Irwin Rose\">Rose</a>&#160;&#124;\n2005:&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Yves_Chauvin\" title=\"Yves Chauvin\">Chauvin</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Robert_Grubbs\" title=\"Robert Grubbs\">Grubbs</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Richard_R._Schrock\" title=\"Richard R. Schrock\">Schrock</a>&#160;&#124;\n2006:&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Roger_D._Kornberg\" title=\"Roger D. Kornberg\">Kornberg</a>&#160;&#124;\n2007:&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Gerhard_Ertl\" title=\"Gerhard Ertl\">Ertl</a>&#160;&#124;\n2008:&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Osamu_Shimomura\" title=\"Osamu Shimomura\">Shimomura</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Martin_Chalfie\" title=\"Martin Chalfie\">Chalfie</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Roger_Tsien\" title=\"Roger Tsien\">Tsien</a>&#160;&#124;\n2009:&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Venkatraman_Ramakrishnan\" title=\"Venkatraman Ramakrishnan\">Ramakrishnan</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Thomas_A._Steitz\" title=\"Thomas A. Steitz\">Steitz</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Ada_Yonath\" title=\"Ada Yonath\">Yonath</a>&#160;&#124;\n2010:&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Richard_F._Heck\" title=\"Richard F. Heck\">Heck</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Ei-ichi_Negishi\" title=\"Ei-ichi Negishi\">Negishi</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Akira_Suzuki\" title=\"Akira Suzuki\">Suzuki</a>&#160;&#124;\n2011:&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Dan_Shechtman\" title=\"Dan Shechtman\">Shechtman</a>&#160;&#124;\n2012:&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Robert_Lefkowitz\" title=\"Robert Lefkowitz\">Lefkowitz</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Brian_Kobilka\" title=\"Brian Kobilka\">Kobilka</a>&#160;&#124;\n2013:&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Martin_Karplus\" title=\"Martin Karplus\">Karplus</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Michael_Levitt\" title=\"Michael Levitt\">Levitt</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Arieh_Warshel\" title=\"Arieh Warshel\">Warshel</a>&#160;&#124;\n2014:&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Eric_Betzig\" title=\"Eric Betzig\">Betzig</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Stefan_Hell\" title=\"Stefan Hell\">Hell</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/William_Moerner\" title=\"William Moerner\">Moerner</a>&#160;&#124;\n2015:&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Tomas_Lindahl\" title=\"Tomas Lindahl\">Lindahl</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Paul_Modrich\" title=\"Paul Modrich\">Modrich</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Aziz_Sancar\" title=\"Aziz Sancar\">Sancar</a>&#160;&#124;\n2016:&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Jean-Pierre_Sauvage\" title=\"Jean-Pierre Sauvage\">Sauvage</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Fraser_Stoddart\" title=\"Fraser Stoddart\">Stoddart</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Ben_Feringa\" title=\"Ben Feringa\">Feringa</a>&#160;&#124;\n2017:&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Jacques_Dubochet\" title=\"Jacques Dubochet\">Dubochet</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Joachim_Frank_(Biologe)\" title=\"Joachim Frank (Biologe)\">Frank</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Richard_Henderson\" title=\"Richard Henderson\">Henderson</a>&#160;&#124;\n2018:&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Frances_H._Arnold\" title=\"Frances H. Arnold\">Arnold</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/George_P._Smith\" title=\"George P. Smith\">Smith</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Gregory_Winter\" title=\"Gregory Winter\">Winter</a>&#160;&#124;\n2019:&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/John_B._Goodenough\" title=\"John B. Goodenough\">Goodenough</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/M._Stanley_Whittingham\" title=\"M. Stanley Whittingham\">Whittingham</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Akira_Yoshino\" title=\"Akira Yoshino\">Yoshino</a>&#160;&#124;\n2020:&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Emmanuelle_Charpentier\" title=\"Emmanuelle Charpentier\">Charpentier</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Jennifer_A._Doudna\" title=\"Jennifer A. Doudna\">Doudna</a>&#160;&#124;\n2021:&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Benjamin_List\" title=\"Benjamin List\">List</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/David_MacMillan_(Chemiker)\" title=\"David MacMillan (Chemiker)\">MacMillan</a>&#160;&#124;\n2022:&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Carolyn_Bertozzi\" title=\"Carolyn Bertozzi\">Bertozzi</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Morten_P._Meldal\" title=\"Morten P. Meldal\">Meldal</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Barry_Sharpless\" title=\"Barry Sharpless\">Sharpless</a>&#160;&#124;\n2023:&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Moungi_Bawendi\" title=\"Moungi Bawendi\">Bawendi</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Louis_Brus\" title=\"Louis Brus\">Brus</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Alexei_Iwanowitsch_Jekimow\" title=\"Alexei Iwanowitsch Jekimow\">Jekimow</a>&#160;&#124;\n2024:&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/David_Baker_(Biochemiker)\" title=\"David Baker (Biochemiker)\">Baker</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Demis_Hassabis\" title=\"Demis Hassabis\">Hassabis</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/John_M._Jumper\" title=\"John M. Jumper\">Jumper</a>&#160;&#124;\n2025:&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Susumu_Kitagawa\" title=\"Susumu Kitagawa\">Kitagawa</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Richard_Robson_(Chemiker)\" title=\"Richard Robson (Chemiker)\">Robson</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Omar_Yaghi\" title=\"Omar Yaghi\">Yaghi</a>\n</p>\n</div></div>\n</div>\n<div class=\"hintergrundfarbe1 rahmenfarbe1 navigation-not-searchable noprint\" style=\"border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; clear: both; margin-top:1em; padding: 0.25em; overflow: hidden; word-break: break-word; word-wrap: break-word;\" id=\"Vorlage&#95;Exzellent\"><div class=\"noviewer noresize\" style=\"display: table-cell; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.25em; padding-right: 1em; padding-top: 0.2em; vertical-align: middle;\" aria-hidden=\"true\" role=\"presentation\"><span typeof=\"mw:File\"><a href=\"/wiki/Wikipedia:Exzellente_Artikel\" title=\"Wikipedia:Exzellente Artikel\"><img alt=\"\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Qsicon_Exzellent.svg/40px-Qsicon_Exzellent.svg.png?utm_source=de.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" class=\"mw-file-element\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Qsicon_Exzellent.svg/60px-Qsicon_Exzellent.svg.png?utm_source=de.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" data-file-width=\"24\" data-file-height=\"24\" /></a></span></div>\n<div style=\"display: table-cell; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%;\">\n<div role=\"contentinfo\">\nDieser Artikel wurde am 3.&#160;August 2009 in <a href=\"/wiki/Spezial:Permanenter_Link/62924059\" title=\"Spezial:Permanenter Link/62924059\">dieser Version</a> in die Liste der <a href=\"/wiki/Wikipedia:Exzellente_Artikel\" title=\"Wikipedia:Exzellente Artikel\">exzellenten Artikel</a> aufgenommen.</div>\n</div></div>\n<div class=\"hintergrundfarbe1 rahmenfarbe1 navigation-not-searchable normdaten-typ-p\" style=\"border-style: solid; border-width: 1px; clear: left; margin-bottom:1em; margin-top:1em; padding: 0.25em; overflow: hidden; word-break: break-word; word-wrap: break-word;\" id=\"normdaten\">\n<div style=\"display: table-cell; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%;\">\n<div>\nNormdaten&#160;(Person): <a href=\"/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei\" title=\"Gemeinsame Normdatei\">GND</a>: <span class=\"plainlinks-print\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://d-nb.info/gnd/118523023\">118523023</a></span> <span class=\"noprint\"> (<a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://lobid.org/gnd/118523023\">lobid</a>, <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://explore.gnd.network/gnd/118523023\">GND Explorer</a>, <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://swb.bsz-bw.de/DB=2.104/SET=1/TTL=1/CMD?retrace=0&amp;trm_old=&amp;ACT=SRCHA&amp;IKT=2999&amp;SRT=RLV&amp;TRM=118523023\">OGND</a><span class=\"metadata\">, <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://prometheus.lmu.de/gnd/118523023\">AKS</a></span>)</span>  &#124; <a href=\"/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number\" title=\"Library of Congress Control Number\">LCCN</a>: <span class=\"plainlinks-print\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n80155913\">n80155913</a></span> &#124; <a href=\"/wiki/Web_NDL_Authorities\" title=\"Web NDL Authorities\">NDL</a>: <span class=\"plainlinks-print\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00437030\">00437030</a></span> &#124; <a href=\"/wiki/Virtual_International_Authority_File\" title=\"Virtual International Authority File\">VIAF</a>: <span class=\"plainlinks-print\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://viaf.org/viaf/76353174/\">76353174</a></span> &#124; <span class=\"noprint\"><a class=\"external text\" href=\"https://persondata.toolforge.org/p/Marie_Curie\">Wikipedia-Personensuche</a></span><span class=\"metadata\"></span></div>\n</div></div>\n<table class=\"metadata rahmenfarbe1\" id=\"Vorlage&#95;Personendaten\" style=\"border-style: solid; margin-top: 20px;\">\n<tbody><tr>\n<th colspan=\"2\"><a href=\"/wiki/Hilfe:Personendaten\" title=\"Hilfe:Personendaten\">Personendaten</a>\n</th></tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"color: #aaa;\">NAME\n</td>\n<td style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Curie, Marie\n</td></tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"color: #aaa;\">ALTERNATIVNAMEN\n</td>\n<td>Skłodowska, Marie Salomea (Geburtsname)\n</td></tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"color: #aaa;\">KURZBESCHREIBUNG\n</td>\n<td>polnisch-französische Physikerin und Nobelpreisträgerin für Physik und Chemie\n</td></tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"color: #aaa;\">GEBURTSDATUM\n</td>\n<td>7. November 1867\n</td></tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"color: #aaa;\">GEBURTSORT\n</td>\n<td><a href=\"/wiki/Warschau\" title=\"Warschau\">Warschau</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Russisches_Kaiserreich\" title=\"Russisches Kaiserreich\">Russisches Kaiserreich</a>\n</td></tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"color: #aaa;\">STERBEDATUM\n</td>\n<td>4. Juli 1934\n</td></tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"color: #aaa;\">STERBEORT\n</td>\n<td><a href=\"/wiki/Passy_(Haute-Savoie)\" title=\"Passy (Haute-Savoie)\">Passy</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Frankreich\" title=\"Frankreich\">Frankreich</a>\n</td></tr></tbody></table>\n<!-- \nNewPP limit report\nParsed by mw‐api‐ext.codfw.main‐6db95f5649‐ppcj5\nCached time: 20260925174610\nCache expiry: 2592000\nReduced expiry: false\nComplications: [prevent‐selective‐update, show‐toc]\nCPU time usage: 0.360 seconds\nReal time usage: 0.432 seconds\nPreprocessor visited node count: 3368/1000000\nRevision size: 83167/2097152 bytes\nPost‐expand include size: 131396/2097152 bytes\nTemplate argument size: 31558/2097152 bytes\nHighest expansion depth: 11/100\nExpensive parser function count: 1/500\nUnstrip recursion depth: 0/20\nUnstrip post‐expand size: 48462/5000000 bytes\nLua time usage: 0.067/10.000 seconds\nLua memory usage: 4595585/52428800 bytes\nNumber of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/500\n-->\n<!--\nTransclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template)\n100.00%  238.656      1 -total\n 26.82%   64.000      1 Vorlage:Exzellent\n 13.05%   31.148      1 Vorlage:Internetquelle\n 10.31%   24.615      1 Vorlage:NaviBlock\n  6.99%   16.691      1 Vorlage:Navigationsleiste_Träger_des_Nobelpreises_in_Physik\n  6.71%   16.012      2 Vorlage:Navigationsleiste\n  5.80%   13.835      2 Vorlage:Klappleiste/Anfang\n  5.75%   13.716      1 Vorlage:Commonscat\n  5.12%   12.229      1 Vorlage:Zitat\n  5.12%   12.225      1 Vorlage:Normdaten\n-->\n\n<!-- Render ID fe266ef3-b908-11f1-adc1-99ec97a83761 -->\n\n<!-- Saved in parser cache with key dewiki:pcache:3356:|#|:idhash:canonical and timestamp 20260925174610 and revision id 270790243. 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new file mode 100644
index 0000000..745c9ce
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/typescript/extension/test/e2e/fixtures/wikipedia/wikipedia-fr-marie-curie-page-html-1.json
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+  "sourceUrl": "https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Curie",
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class=\"vector-menu mw-portlet\"  >\n\t<div class=\"vector-menu-content\">\n\t\t\n\t\t<ul class=\"vector-menu-content-list\">\n\t\t\t<li id=\"pt-sitesupport-2\" class=\"mw-list-item vector-menu-item--collapsible\"><a data-mw-interface  href=\"https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&amp;wmf_medium=sidebar&amp;wmf_campaign=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;uselang=fr\" data-mw-donate-attempt=\"top_link\" class=\"\"><span>Faire un don</span></a>\n</li>\n<li id=\"pt-createaccount-2\" class=\"mw-list-item vector-menu-item--collapsible\"><a data-mw-interface  href=\"/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:Cr%C3%A9er_un_compte&amp;returnto=Marie+Curie\" title=\"Nous vous encourageons à créer un compte utilisateur et vous connecter ; ce n’est cependant pas obligatoire.\" class=\"\"><span>Créer un compte</span></a>\n</li>\n<li id=\"pt-login-2\" class=\"mw-list-item vector-menu-item--collapsible\"><a data-mw-interface  href=\"/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:Connexion&amp;returnto=Marie+Curie\" title=\"Nous vous encourageons à vous connecter ; ce n’est cependant pas obligatoire. [o]\" accesskey=\"o\" class=\"\"><span>Se connecter</span></a>\n</li>\n\n\t\t\t\n\t\t</ul>\n\t\t\n\t</div>\n</div>\n\n\t</div>\n\t\n<div id=\"vector-user-links-dropdown\" class=\"vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out vector-user-links-dropdown--collapsible\"  title=\"Plus d’options\" >\n\t<input type=\"checkbox\" id=\"vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox\" role=\"button\" aria-haspopup=\"true\" data-event-name=\"ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown\" class=\"vector-dropdown-checkbox \"  aria-label=\"Outils personnels\"   >\n\t<label id=\"vector-user-links-dropdown-label\" for=\"vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox\" class=\"vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only \" aria-hidden=\"true\"  ><span class=\"vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAvatar mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAvatar cdx-button__icon\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"vector-dropdown-label-text\">Outils personnels</span>\n\t</label>\n\t<div class=\"vector-dropdown-content\">\n\n\n\t\t\n<div id=\"p-personal\" class=\"vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal\"  title=\"Menu utilisateur\" >\n\t<div class=\"vector-menu-content\">\n\t\t\n\t\t<ul class=\"vector-menu-content-list\">\n\t\t\t<li id=\"pt-sitesupport\" class=\"mw-list-item vector-menu-item--collapsible\"><a data-mw-interface  href=\"https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&amp;wmf_medium=sidebar&amp;wmf_campaign=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;uselang=fr\" data-mw-donate-attempt=\"top_link\" class=\"\"><span class=\"vector-icon mw-ui-icon-heart mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-heart cdx-button__icon\"></span>\n\n<span>Faire un don</span></a>\n</li>\n<li id=\"pt-createaccount\" class=\"mw-list-item vector-menu-item--collapsible\"><a data-mw-interface  href=\"/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:Cr%C3%A9er_un_compte&amp;returnto=Marie+Curie\" title=\"Nous vous encourageons à créer un compte utilisateur et vous connecter ; ce n’est cependant pas obligatoire.\" class=\"\"><span class=\"vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAvatar mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAvatar cdx-button__icon\"></span>\n\n<span>Créer un compte</span></a>\n</li>\n<li id=\"pt-login\" class=\"mw-list-item vector-menu-item--collapsible\"><a data-mw-interface  href=\"/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:Connexion&amp;returnto=Marie+Curie\" title=\"Nous vous encourageons à vous connecter ; ce n’est cependant pas obligatoire. [o]\" accesskey=\"o\" class=\"\"><span class=\"vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn cdx-button__icon\"></span>\n\n<span>Se connecter</span></a>\n</li>\n\n\t\t\t\n\t\t</ul>\n\t\t\n\t</div>\n</div>\n\n\t\n\t</div>\n</div>\n\n</nav>\n\n\t\t</div>\n\t</header>\n</div>\n<div class=\"mw-page-container\">\n\t<div class=\"mw-page-container-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"vector-sitenotice-container\">\n\t\t\t<div id=\"siteNotice\"><!-- CentralNotice --></div>\n\t\t</div>\n\t\t<div class=\"vector-column-start\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"vector-main-menu-container\">\n\t\t<div id=\"mw-navigation\">\n\t\t\t<nav id=\"mw-panel\" class=\"vector-main-menu-landmark\" aria-label=\"Site\">\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"vector-main-menu-pinned-container\" class=\"vector-pinned-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t</nav>\n\t\t</div>\n\t</div>\n\t<div class=\"vector-sticky-pinned-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<nav id=\"mw-panel-toc\" aria-label=\"Sommaire\" data-event-name=\"ui.sidebar-toc\" class=\"mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"vector-toc-pinned-container\" class=\"vector-pinned-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"vector-toc\" class=\"vector-toc vector-pinnable-element\">\n\t<div\n\tclass=\"vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned\"\n\tdata-feature-name=\"toc-pinned\"\n\tdata-pinnable-element-id=\"vector-toc\"\n\tdata-pinned-container-id=\"vector-toc-pinned-container\"\n\tdata-unpinned-container-id=\"vector-toc-unpinned-container\"\n>\n\t<h2 class=\"vector-pinnable-header-label\">Sommaire</h2>\n\t<button class=\"vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button\" data-event-name=\"pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin\" aria-label=\"Move Sommaire to sidebar\">déplacer vers la barre latérale</button>\n\t<button class=\"vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button\" data-event-name=\"pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin\" aria-label=\"Hide Sommaire\">masquer</button>\n</div>\n\n\n\t<ul class=\"vector-toc-contents\" id=\"mw-panel-toc-list\">\n\t\t<li id=\"toc-mw-content-text\"\n\t\t\tclass=\"vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"#\" class=\"vector-toc-link\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"vector-toc-text\">Début</div>\n\t\t\t</a>\n\t\t</li>\n\t\t<li id=\"toc-Biographie\"\n\t\tclass=\"vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1\">\n\t\t<a class=\"vector-toc-link\" href=\"#Biographie\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"vector-toc-text\">\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"vector-toc-numb\">1</span>\n\t\t\t\t<span>Biographie</span>\n\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t</a>\n\t\t\n\t\t\t<button aria-controls=\"toc-Biographie-sublist\" class=\"cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand\"></span>\n\t\t\t\t<span>Afficher / masquer la sous-section Biographie</span>\n\t\t\t</button>\n\t\t\n\t\t<ul id=\"toc-Biographie-sublist\" class=\"vector-toc-list\">\n\t\t\t<li id=\"toc-Origines_familiales_et_formation\"\n\t\t\tclass=\"vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2\">\n\t\t\t<a class=\"vector-toc-link\" href=\"#Origines_familiales_et_formation\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"vector-toc-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"vector-toc-numb\">1.1</span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<span>Origines familiales et formation</span>\n\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t</a>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<ul id=\"toc-Origines_familiales_et_formation-sublist\" class=\"vector-toc-list\">\n\t\t\t</ul>\n\t\t</li>\n\t\t<li id=\"toc-Études_supérieures_à_Paris_(1891-1894)\"\n\t\t\tclass=\"vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2\">\n\t\t\t<a class=\"vector-toc-link\" href=\"#Études_supérieures_à_Paris_(1891-1894)\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"vector-toc-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"vector-toc-numb\">1.2</span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<span>Études supérieures à Paris (1891-1894)</span>\n\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t</a>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<ul id=\"toc-Études_supérieures_à_Paris_(1891-1894)-sublist\" class=\"vector-toc-list\">\n\t\t\t</ul>\n\t\t</li>\n\t\t<li id=\"toc-Rencontre_et_mariage_avec_Pierre_Curie\"\n\t\t\tclass=\"vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2\">\n\t\t\t<a class=\"vector-toc-link\" href=\"#Rencontre_et_mariage_avec_Pierre_Curie\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"vector-toc-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"vector-toc-numb\">1.3</span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<span>Rencontre et mariage avec Pierre Curie</span>\n\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t</a>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<ul id=\"toc-Rencontre_et_mariage_avec_Pierre_Curie-sublist\" class=\"vector-toc-list\">\n\t\t\t</ul>\n\t\t</li>\n\t\t<li id=\"toc-Thèse_de_doctorat_et_découverte_du_radium\"\n\t\t\tclass=\"vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2\">\n\t\t\t<a class=\"vector-toc-link\" href=\"#Thèse_de_doctorat_et_découverte_du_radium\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"vector-toc-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"vector-toc-numb\">1.4</span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<span>Thèse de doctorat et découverte du radium</span>\n\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t</a>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<ul id=\"toc-Thèse_de_doctorat_et_découverte_du_radium-sublist\" class=\"vector-toc-list\">\n\t\t\t</ul>\n\t\t</li>\n\t\t<li id=\"toc-Enseignement_et_recherche\"\n\t\t\tclass=\"vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2\">\n\t\t\t<a class=\"vector-toc-link\" href=\"#Enseignement_et_recherche\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"vector-toc-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"vector-toc-numb\">1.5</span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<span>Enseignement et recherche</span>\n\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t</a>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<ul id=\"toc-Enseignement_et_recherche-sublist\" class=\"vector-toc-list\">\n\t\t\t</ul>\n\t\t</li>\n\t\t<li id=\"toc-Rôle_dans_la_Grande_Guerre,_et_l’Institut_du_radium\"\n\t\t\tclass=\"vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2\">\n\t\t\t<a class=\"vector-toc-link\" href=\"#Rôle_dans_la_Grande_Guerre,_et_l’Institut_du_radium\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"vector-toc-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"vector-toc-numb\">1.6</span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<span>Rôle dans la Grande Guerre, et l’Institut du radium</span>\n\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t</a>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<ul id=\"toc-Rôle_dans_la_Grande_Guerre,_et_l’Institut_du_radium-sublist\" class=\"vector-toc-list\">\n\t\t\t</ul>\n\t\t</li>\n\t\t<li id=\"toc-Attachement_à_son_identité_polonaise_et_nom\"\n\t\t\tclass=\"vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2\">\n\t\t\t<a class=\"vector-toc-link\" href=\"#Attachement_à_son_identité_polonaise_et_nom\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"vector-toc-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"vector-toc-numb\">1.7</span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<span>Attachement à son identité polonaise et nom</span>\n\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t</a>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<ul id=\"toc-Attachement_à_son_identité_polonaise_et_nom-sublist\" class=\"vector-toc-list\">\n\t\t\t</ul>\n\t\t</li>\n\t\t<li id=\"toc-Engagements\"\n\t\t\tclass=\"vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2\">\n\t\t\t<a class=\"vector-toc-link\" href=\"#Engagements\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"vector-toc-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"vector-toc-numb\">1.8</span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<span>Engagements</span>\n\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t</a>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<ul id=\"toc-Engagements-sublist\" class=\"vector-toc-list\">\n\t\t\t</ul>\n\t\t</li>\n\t\t<li id=\"toc-Maladie_et_mort\"\n\t\t\tclass=\"vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2\">\n\t\t\t<a class=\"vector-toc-link\" href=\"#Maladie_et_mort\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"vector-toc-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"vector-toc-numb\">1.9</span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<span>Maladie et mort</span>\n\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t</a>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<ul id=\"toc-Maladie_et_mort-sublist\" class=\"vector-toc-list\">\n\t\t\t</ul>\n\t\t</li>\n\t\t<li id=\"toc-Postérité\"\n\t\t\tclass=\"vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2\">\n\t\t\t<a class=\"vector-toc-link\" href=\"#Postérité\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"vector-toc-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"vector-toc-numb\">1.10</span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<span>Postérité</span>\n\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t</a>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<ul id=\"toc-Postérité-sublist\" class=\"vector-toc-list\">\n\t\t\t</ul>\n\t\t</li>\n\t</ul>\n\t</li>\n\t<li id=\"toc-Travaux\"\n\t\tclass=\"vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1\">\n\t\t<a class=\"vector-toc-link\" href=\"#Travaux\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"vector-toc-text\">\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"vector-toc-numb\">2</span>\n\t\t\t\t<span>Travaux</span>\n\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t</a>\n\t\t\n\t\t\t<button aria-controls=\"toc-Travaux-sublist\" class=\"cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand\"></span>\n\t\t\t\t<span>Afficher / masquer la sous-section Travaux</span>\n\t\t\t</button>\n\t\t\n\t\t<ul id=\"toc-Travaux-sublist\" class=\"vector-toc-list\">\n\t\t\t<li id=\"toc-La_radioactivité_:_une_propriété_physique_et_non_chimique\"\n\t\t\tclass=\"vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2\">\n\t\t\t<a class=\"vector-toc-link\" href=\"#La_radioactivité_:_une_propriété_physique_et_non_chimique\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"vector-toc-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"vector-toc-numb\">2.1</span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<span>La radioactivité<span> </span>: une propriété physique et non chimique</span>\n\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t</a>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<ul id=\"toc-La_radioactivité_:_une_propriété_physique_et_non_chimique-sublist\" class=\"vector-toc-list\">\n\t\t\t</ul>\n\t\t</li>\n\t\t<li id=\"toc-Découverte_du_radium_et_du_polonium\"\n\t\t\tclass=\"vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2\">\n\t\t\t<a class=\"vector-toc-link\" href=\"#Découverte_du_radium_et_du_polonium\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"vector-toc-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"vector-toc-numb\">2.2</span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<span>Découverte du radium et du polonium</span>\n\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t</a>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<ul id=\"toc-Découverte_du_radium_et_du_polonium-sublist\" class=\"vector-toc-list\">\n\t\t\t</ul>\n\t\t</li>\n\t\t<li id=\"toc-Détermination_de_la_masse_atomique_du_radium\"\n\t\t\tclass=\"vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2\">\n\t\t\t<a class=\"vector-toc-link\" href=\"#Détermination_de_la_masse_atomique_du_radium\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"vector-toc-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"vector-toc-numb\">2.3</span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<span>Détermination de la masse atomique du radium</span>\n\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t</a>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<ul id=\"toc-Détermination_de_la_masse_atomique_du_radium-sublist\" class=\"vector-toc-list\">\n\t\t\t</ul>\n\t\t</li>\n\t</ul>\n\t</li>\n\t<li id=\"toc-Œuvres\"\n\t\tclass=\"vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1\">\n\t\t<a class=\"vector-toc-link\" href=\"#Œuvres\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"vector-toc-text\">\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"vector-toc-numb\">3</span>\n\t\t\t\t<span>Œuvres</span>\n\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t</a>\n\t\t\n\t\t<ul id=\"toc-Œuvres-sublist\" class=\"vector-toc-list\">\n\t\t</ul>\n\t</li>\n\t<li id=\"toc-Hommages\"\n\t\tclass=\"vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1\">\n\t\t<a class=\"vector-toc-link\" href=\"#Hommages\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"vector-toc-text\">\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"vector-toc-numb\">4</span>\n\t\t\t\t<span>Hommages</span>\n\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t</a>\n\t\t\n\t\t\t<button aria-controls=\"toc-Hommages-sublist\" class=\"cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand\"></span>\n\t\t\t\t<span>Afficher / masquer la sous-section Hommages</span>\n\t\t\t</button>\n\t\t\n\t\t<ul id=\"toc-Hommages-sublist\" class=\"vector-toc-list\">\n\t\t\t<li id=\"toc-Distinctions\"\n\t\t\tclass=\"vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2\">\n\t\t\t<a class=\"vector-toc-link\" href=\"#Distinctions\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"vector-toc-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"vector-toc-numb\">4.1</span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<span>Distinctions</span>\n\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t</a>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<ul id=\"toc-Distinctions-sublist\" class=\"vector-toc-list\">\n\t\t\t</ul>\n\t\t</li>\n\t\t<li id=\"toc-Au_Panthéon\"\n\t\t\tclass=\"vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2\">\n\t\t\t<a class=\"vector-toc-link\" href=\"#Au_Panthéon\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"vector-toc-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"vector-toc-numb\">4.2</span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<span>Au Panthéon</span>\n\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t</a>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<ul id=\"toc-Au_Panthéon-sublist\" class=\"vector-toc-list\">\n\t\t\t</ul>\n\t\t</li>\n\t\t<li id=\"toc-Musées_Curie\"\n\t\t\tclass=\"vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2\">\n\t\t\t<a class=\"vector-toc-link\" href=\"#Musées_Curie\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"vector-toc-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"vector-toc-numb\">4.3</span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<span>Musées Curie</span>\n\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t</a>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<ul id=\"toc-Musées_Curie-sublist\" class=\"vector-toc-list\">\n\t\t\t</ul>\n\t\t</li>\n\t\t<li id=\"toc-Monuments\"\n\t\t\tclass=\"vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2\">\n\t\t\t<a class=\"vector-toc-link\" href=\"#Monuments\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"vector-toc-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"vector-toc-numb\">4.4</span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<span>Monuments</span>\n\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t</a>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<ul id=\"toc-Monuments-sublist\" class=\"vector-toc-list\">\n\t\t\t</ul>\n\t\t</li>\n\t\t<li id=\"toc-Sciences\"\n\t\t\tclass=\"vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2\">\n\t\t\t<a class=\"vector-toc-link\" href=\"#Sciences\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"vector-toc-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"vector-toc-numb\">4.5</span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<span>Sciences</span>\n\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t</a>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<ul id=\"toc-Sciences-sublist\" class=\"vector-toc-list\">\n\t\t\t</ul>\n\t\t</li>\n\t\t<li id=\"toc-Universités,_enseignement,_hôpitaux\"\n\t\t\tclass=\"vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2\">\n\t\t\t<a class=\"vector-toc-link\" href=\"#Universités,_enseignement,_hôpitaux\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"vector-toc-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"vector-toc-numb\">4.6</span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<span>Universités, enseignement, hôpitaux</span>\n\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t</a>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<ul id=\"toc-Universités,_enseignement,_hôpitaux-sublist\" class=\"vector-toc-list\">\n\t\t\t</ul>\n\t\t</li>\n\t\t<li id=\"toc-Émissions_monétaires\"\n\t\t\tclass=\"vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2\">\n\t\t\t<a class=\"vector-toc-link\" href=\"#Émissions_monétaires\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"vector-toc-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"vector-toc-numb\">4.7</span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<span>Émissions monétaires</span>\n\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t</a>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<ul id=\"toc-Émissions_monétaires-sublist\" class=\"vector-toc-list\">\n\t\t\t</ul>\n\t\t</li>\n\t\t<li id=\"toc-Philatélie\"\n\t\t\tclass=\"vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2\">\n\t\t\t<a class=\"vector-toc-link\" href=\"#Philatélie\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"vector-toc-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"vector-toc-numb\">4.8</span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<span>Philatélie</span>\n\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t</a>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<ul id=\"toc-Philatélie-sublist\" class=\"vector-toc-list\">\n\t\t\t</ul>\n\t\t</li>\n\t\t<li id=\"toc-Rues,_station_de_métro…\"\n\t\t\tclass=\"vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2\">\n\t\t\t<a class=\"vector-toc-link\" href=\"#Rues,_station_de_métro…\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"vector-toc-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"vector-toc-numb\">4.9</span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<span>Rues, station de métro…</span>\n\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t</a>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<ul id=\"toc-Rues,_station_de_métro…-sublist\" class=\"vector-toc-list\">\n\t\t\t</ul>\n\t\t</li>\n\t</ul>\n\t</li>\n\t<li id=\"toc-Dans_les_arts_et_la_culture_populaire\"\n\t\tclass=\"vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1\">\n\t\t<a class=\"vector-toc-link\" href=\"#Dans_les_arts_et_la_culture_populaire\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"vector-toc-text\">\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"vector-toc-numb\">5</span>\n\t\t\t\t<span>Dans les arts et la culture populaire</span>\n\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t</a>\n\t\t\n\t\t\t<button aria-controls=\"toc-Dans_les_arts_et_la_culture_populaire-sublist\" class=\"cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand\"></span>\n\t\t\t\t<span>Afficher / masquer la sous-section Dans les arts et la culture populaire</span>\n\t\t\t</button>\n\t\t\n\t\t<ul id=\"toc-Dans_les_arts_et_la_culture_populaire-sublist\" class=\"vector-toc-list\">\n\t\t\t<li id=\"toc-Chanson\"\n\t\t\tclass=\"vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2\">\n\t\t\t<a class=\"vector-toc-link\" href=\"#Chanson\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"vector-toc-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"vector-toc-numb\">5.1</span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<span>Chanson</span>\n\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t</a>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<ul id=\"toc-Chanson-sublist\" class=\"vector-toc-list\">\n\t\t\t</ul>\n\t\t</li>\n\t\t<li id=\"toc-Littérature\"\n\t\t\tclass=\"vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2\">\n\t\t\t<a class=\"vector-toc-link\" href=\"#Littérature\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"vector-toc-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"vector-toc-numb\">5.2</span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<span>Littérature</span>\n\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t</a>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<ul id=\"toc-Littérature-sublist\" class=\"vector-toc-list\">\n\t\t\t</ul>\n\t\t</li>\n\t\t<li id=\"toc-Théâtre\"\n\t\t\tclass=\"vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2\">\n\t\t\t<a class=\"vector-toc-link\" href=\"#Théâtre\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"vector-toc-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"vector-toc-numb\">5.3</span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<span>Théâtre</span>\n\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t</a>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<ul id=\"toc-Théâtre-sublist\" class=\"vector-toc-list\">\n\t\t\t</ul>\n\t\t</li>\n\t\t<li id=\"toc-Filmographie\"\n\t\t\tclass=\"vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2\">\n\t\t\t<a class=\"vector-toc-link\" href=\"#Filmographie\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"vector-toc-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"vector-toc-numb\">5.4</span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<span>Filmographie</span>\n\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t</a>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<ul id=\"toc-Filmographie-sublist\" class=\"vector-toc-list\">\n\t\t\t\t<li id=\"toc-Cinéma\"\n\t\t\tclass=\"vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3\">\n\t\t\t<a class=\"vector-toc-link\" href=\"#Cinéma\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"vector-toc-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"vector-toc-numb\">5.4.1</span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<span>Cinéma</span>\n\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t</a>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<ul id=\"toc-Cinéma-sublist\" class=\"vector-toc-list\">\n\t\t\t</ul>\n\t\t</li>\n\t\t<li id=\"toc-Télévision\"\n\t\t\tclass=\"vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3\">\n\t\t\t<a class=\"vector-toc-link\" href=\"#Télévision\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"vector-toc-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"vector-toc-numb\">5.4.2</span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<span>Télévision</span>\n\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t</a>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<ul id=\"toc-Télévision-sublist\" class=\"vector-toc-list\">\n\t\t\t\t<li id=\"toc-Documentaire\"\n\t\t\tclass=\"vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4\">\n\t\t\t<a class=\"vector-toc-link\" href=\"#Documentaire\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"vector-toc-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"vector-toc-numb\">5.4.2.1</span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<span>Documentaire</span>\n\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t</a>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<ul id=\"toc-Documentaire-sublist\" class=\"vector-toc-list\">\n\t\t\t</ul>\n\t\t</li>\n\t\t<li id=\"toc-Téléfilm\"\n\t\t\tclass=\"vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4\">\n\t\t\t<a class=\"vector-toc-link\" href=\"#Téléfilm\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"vector-toc-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"vector-toc-numb\">5.4.2.2</span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<span>Téléfilm</span>\n\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t</a>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<ul id=\"toc-Téléfilm-sublist\" class=\"vector-toc-list\">\n\t\t\t</ul>\n\t\t</li>\n\t\t<li id=\"toc-Série\"\n\t\t\tclass=\"vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4\">\n\t\t\t<a class=\"vector-toc-link\" href=\"#Série\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"vector-toc-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"vector-toc-numb\">5.4.2.3</span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<span>Série</span>\n\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t</a>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<ul id=\"toc-Série-sublist\" class=\"vector-toc-list\">\n\t\t\t</ul>\n\t\t</li>\n\t</ul>\n\t\t</li>\n\t</ul>\n\t\t</li>\n\t\t<li id=\"toc-Art_public_(street_art)\"\n\t\t\tclass=\"vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2\">\n\t\t\t<a class=\"vector-toc-link\" href=\"#Art_public_(street_art)\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"vector-toc-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"vector-toc-numb\">5.5</span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<span>Art public (<i>street art</i>)</span>\n\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t</a>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<ul id=\"toc-Art_public_(street_art)-sublist\" class=\"vector-toc-list\">\n\t\t\t</ul>\n\t\t</li>\n\t\t<li id=\"toc-Prix\"\n\t\t\tclass=\"vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2\">\n\t\t\t<a class=\"vector-toc-link\" href=\"#Prix\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"vector-toc-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"vector-toc-numb\">5.6</span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<span>Prix</span>\n\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t</a>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<ul id=\"toc-Prix-sublist\" class=\"vector-toc-list\">\n\t\t\t</ul>\n\t\t</li>\n\t</ul>\n\t</li>\n\t<li id=\"toc-Notes_et_références\"\n\t\tclass=\"vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1\">\n\t\t<a class=\"vector-toc-link\" href=\"#Notes_et_références\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"vector-toc-text\">\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"vector-toc-numb\">6</span>\n\t\t\t\t<span>Notes et références</span>\n\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t</a>\n\t\t\n\t\t<ul id=\"toc-Notes_et_références-sublist\" class=\"vector-toc-list\">\n\t\t</ul>\n\t</li>\n\t<li id=\"toc-Voir_aussi\"\n\t\tclass=\"vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1\">\n\t\t<a class=\"vector-toc-link\" href=\"#Voir_aussi\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"vector-toc-text\">\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"vector-toc-numb\">7</span>\n\t\t\t\t<span>Voir aussi</span>\n\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t</a>\n\t\t\n\t\t\t<button aria-controls=\"toc-Voir_aussi-sublist\" class=\"cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand\"></span>\n\t\t\t\t<span>Afficher / masquer la sous-section Voir aussi</span>\n\t\t\t</button>\n\t\t\n\t\t<ul id=\"toc-Voir_aussi-sublist\" class=\"vector-toc-list\">\n\t\t\t<li id=\"toc-Bibliographie\"\n\t\t\tclass=\"vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2\">\n\t\t\t<a class=\"vector-toc-link\" href=\"#Bibliographie\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"vector-toc-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"vector-toc-numb\">7.1</span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<span>Bibliographie</span>\n\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t</a>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<ul id=\"toc-Bibliographie-sublist\" class=\"vector-toc-list\">\n\t\t\t</ul>\n\t\t</li>\n\t\t<li id=\"toc-Filmographie_2\"\n\t\t\tclass=\"vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2\">\n\t\t\t<a class=\"vector-toc-link\" href=\"#Filmographie_2\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"vector-toc-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"vector-toc-numb\">7.2</span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<span>Filmographie</span>\n\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t</a>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<ul id=\"toc-Filmographie_2-sublist\" class=\"vector-toc-list\">\n\t\t\t</ul>\n\t\t</li>\n\t\t<li id=\"toc-Émission\"\n\t\t\tclass=\"vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2\">\n\t\t\t<a class=\"vector-toc-link\" href=\"#Émission\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"vector-toc-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"vector-toc-numb\">7.3</span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<span>Émission</span>\n\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t</a>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<ul id=\"toc-Émission-sublist\" class=\"vector-toc-list\">\n\t\t\t</ul>\n\t\t</li>\n\t\t<li id=\"toc-Articles_connexes\"\n\t\t\tclass=\"vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2\">\n\t\t\t<a class=\"vector-toc-link\" href=\"#Articles_connexes\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"vector-toc-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"vector-toc-numb\">7.4</span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<span>Articles connexes</span>\n\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t</a>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<ul id=\"toc-Articles_connexes-sublist\" class=\"vector-toc-list\">\n\t\t\t</ul>\n\t\t</li>\n\t\t<li id=\"toc-Liens_externes\"\n\t\t\tclass=\"vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2\">\n\t\t\t<a class=\"vector-toc-link\" href=\"#Liens_externes\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"vector-toc-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"vector-toc-numb\">7.5</span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<span>Liens externes</span>\n\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t</a>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<ul id=\"toc-Liens_externes-sublist\" class=\"vector-toc-list\">\n\t\t\t</ul>\n\t\t</li>\n\t</ul>\n\t</li>\n</ul>\n</div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t</nav>\n\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t</div>\n\t\t<div class=\"mw-content-container\">\n\t\t\t<main id=\"content\" class=\"mw-body\">\n\t\t\t\t<header class=\"mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar no-font-mode-scale\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<nav aria-label=\"Sommaire\" class=\"vector-toc-landmark\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<div id=\"vector-page-titlebar-toc\" class=\"vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left\"  title=\"Table des matières\" >\n\t<input type=\"checkbox\" id=\"vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox\" role=\"button\" aria-haspopup=\"true\" data-event-name=\"ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc\" class=\"vector-dropdown-checkbox \"  aria-label=\"Basculer la table des matières\"   >\n\t<label id=\"vector-page-titlebar-toc-label\" for=\"vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox\" class=\"vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only \" aria-hidden=\"true\"  ><span class=\"vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet cdx-button__icon\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"vector-dropdown-label-text\">Basculer la table des matières</span>\n\t</label>\n\t<div class=\"vector-dropdown-content\">\n\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container\" class=\"vector-unpinned-container\">\n\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\n\t</div>\n</div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t</nav>\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 id=\"firstHeading\" class=\"firstHeading mw-first-heading\"><span lang=\"fr\" dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"mw-page-title-main\">Marie Curie</span></span></h1>\n\t\t\t\n<div id=\"p-lang-btn\" class=\"vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang\"  >\n\t<input type=\"checkbox\" id=\"p-lang-btn-checkbox\" role=\"button\" aria-haspopup=\"true\" data-event-name=\"ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn\" class=\"vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector\"  aria-label=\"197 langues\" aria-description=\"Aller à un article dans une autre langue. Disponible en 197 langues.\"  >\n\t<label id=\"p-lang-btn-label\" for=\"p-lang-btn-checkbox\" class=\"vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-197\" aria-hidden=\"true\"  ><span class=\"vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive cdx-button__icon\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"vector-dropdown-label-text\">197 langues</span>\n\t</label>\n\t<div class=\"vector-dropdown-content\">\n\n\t\t<div class=\"vector-menu-content\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<ul class=\"vector-menu-content-list\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Curie\" title=\"Marie Curie – afrikaans\" lang=\"af\" hreflang=\"af\" data-title=\"Marie Curie\" data-language-autonym=\"Afrikaans\" data-language-local-name=\"afrikaans\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Curie\" title=\"Marie Curie – alémanique\" lang=\"gsw\" hreflang=\"gsw\" data-title=\"Marie Curie\" data-language-autonym=\"Alemannisch\" data-language-local-name=\"alémanique\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-alt badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item\" title=\"article de qualité\"><a href=\"https://alt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F-%D0%9A%D1%8E%D1%80%D0%B8,_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F\" title=\"Склодовская-Кюри, Мария – altaï du Sud\" lang=\"alt\" hreflang=\"alt\" data-title=\"Склодовская-Кюри, Мария\" data-language-autonym=\"Алтай тил\" data-language-local-name=\"altaï du Sud\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Алтай тил</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%9B%E1%88%AA_%E1%8A%A9%E1%88%AA\" title=\"ማሪ ኩሪ – amharique\" lang=\"am\" hreflang=\"am\" data-title=\"ማሪ ኩሪ\" data-language-autonym=\"አማርኛ\" data-language-local-name=\"amharique\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Curie\" title=\"Marie Curie – aragonais\" lang=\"an\" hreflang=\"an\" data-title=\"Marie Curie\" data-language-autonym=\"Aragonés\" data-language-local-name=\"aragonais\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-ann mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://ann.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Kurie\" title=\"Marie Kurie – obolo\" lang=\"ann\" hreflang=\"ann\" data-title=\"Marie Kurie\" data-language-autonym=\"Obolo\" data-language-local-name=\"obolo\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Obolo</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item\" title=\"bon article\"><a href=\"https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A_%D9%83%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A\" title=\"ماري كوري – arabe\" lang=\"ar\" hreflang=\"ar\" data-title=\"ماري كوري\" data-language-autonym=\"العربية\" data-language-local-name=\"arabe\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A_%D9%83%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A\" title=\"ماري كوري – arabe marocain\" lang=\"ary\" hreflang=\"ary\" data-title=\"ماري كوري\" data-language-autonym=\"الدارجة\" data-language-local-name=\"arabe marocain\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%89_%D9%83%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%89\" title=\"مارى كورى – arabe égyptien\" lang=\"arz\" hreflang=\"arz\" data-title=\"مارى كورى\" data-language-autonym=\"مصرى\" data-language-local-name=\"arabe égyptien\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%87%E0%A7%B0%E0%A7%80_%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%81%E0%A7%B0%E0%A7%80\" title=\"মেৰী কুৰী – assamais\" lang=\"as\" hreflang=\"as\" data-title=\"মেৰী কুৰী\" data-language-autonym=\"অসমীয়া\" data-language-local-name=\"assamais\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Curie\" title=\"Marie Curie – asturien\" lang=\"ast\" hreflang=\"ast\" data-title=\"Marie Curie\" data-language-autonym=\"Asturianu\" data-language-local-name=\"asturien\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Curie\" title=\"Marie Curie – aymara\" lang=\"ay\" hreflang=\"ay\" data-title=\"Marie Curie\" data-language-autonym=\"Aymar aru\" data-language-local-name=\"aymara\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mariya_K%C3%BCri\" title=\"Mariya Küri – azerbaïdjanais\" lang=\"az\" hreflang=\"az\" data-title=\"Mariya Küri\" data-language-autonym=\"Azərbaycanca\" data-language-local-name=\"azerbaïdjanais\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7_%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C\" title=\"ماریا کوری – South Azerbaijani\" lang=\"azb\" hreflang=\"azb\" data-title=\"ماریا کوری\" data-language-autonym=\"تۆرکجه\" data-language-local-name=\"South Azerbaijani\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%A1%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F-%D0%9A%D1%8E%D1%80%D0%B8\" title=\"Мария Склодовская-Кюри – bachkir\" lang=\"ba\" hreflang=\"ba\" data-title=\"Мария Склодовская-Кюри\" data-language-autonym=\"Башҡортса\" data-language-local-name=\"bachkir\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Curie\" title=\"Marie Curie – balinais\" lang=\"ban\" hreflang=\"ban\" data-title=\"Marie Curie\" data-language-autonym=\"Basa Bali\" data-language-local-name=\"balinais\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Curie\" title=\"Marie Curie – bavarois\" lang=\"bar\" hreflang=\"bar\" data-title=\"Marie Curie\" data-language-autonym=\"Boarisch\" data-language-local-name=\"bavarois\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mar%C4%97j%C4%97_Kiuri\" title=\"Marėjė Kiuri – samogitien\" lang=\"sgs\" hreflang=\"sgs\" data-title=\"Marėjė Kiuri\" data-language-autonym=\"Žemaitėška\" data-language-local-name=\"samogitien\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Curie\" title=\"Marie Curie – Central Bikol\" lang=\"bcl\" hreflang=\"bcl\" data-title=\"Marie Curie\" data-language-autonym=\"Bikol Central\" data-language-local-name=\"Central Bikol\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D0%A1%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%9E%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F-%D0%9A%D1%8E%D1%80%D1%8B\" title=\"Марыя Складоўская-Кюры – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)\" lang=\"be-tarask\" hreflang=\"be-tarask\" data-title=\"Марыя Складоўская-Кюры\" data-language-autonym=\"Беларуская (тарашкевіца)\" data-language-local-name=\"Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D0%A1%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%9E%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F-%D0%9A%D1%8E%D1%80%D1%8B\" title=\"Марыя Складоўская-Кюры – biélorusse\" lang=\"be\" hreflang=\"be\" data-title=\"Марыя Складоўская-Кюры\" data-language-autonym=\"Беларуская\" data-language-local-name=\"biélorusse\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mariah_Kiri-Sklodowska\" title=\"Mariah Kiri-Sklodowska – betawi\" lang=\"bew\" hreflang=\"bew\" data-title=\"Mariah Kiri-Sklodowska\" data-language-autonym=\"Betawi\" data-language-local-name=\"betawi\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%9A%D1%8E%D1%80%D0%B8\" title=\"Мария Кюри – bulgare\" lang=\"bg\" hreflang=\"bg\" data-title=\"Мария Кюри\" data-language-autonym=\"Български\" data-language-local-name=\"bulgare\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80\" title=\"मैरी क्यूरी – Bhojpuri\" lang=\"bh\" hreflang=\"bh\" data-title=\"मैरी क्यूरी\" data-language-autonym=\"भोजपुरी\" data-language-local-name=\"Bhojpuri\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Curie\" title=\"Marie Curie – bichelamar\" lang=\"bi\" hreflang=\"bi\" data-title=\"Marie Curie\" data-language-autonym=\"Bislama\" data-language-local-name=\"bichelamar\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Bislama</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF_%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF\" title=\"মারি ক্যুরি – bengali\" lang=\"bn\" hreflang=\"bn\" data-title=\"মারি ক্যুরি\" data-language-autonym=\"বাংলা\" data-language-local-name=\"bengali\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Curie\" title=\"Marie Curie – breton\" lang=\"br\" hreflang=\"br\" data-title=\"Marie Curie\" data-language-autonym=\"Brezhoneg\" data-language-local-name=\"breton\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Curie\" title=\"Marie Curie – bosniaque\" lang=\"bs\" hreflang=\"bs\" data-title=\"Marie Curie\" data-language-autonym=\"Bosanski\" data-language-local-name=\"bosniaque\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Curie\" title=\"Marie Curie – Batak Mandailing\" lang=\"btm\" hreflang=\"btm\" data-title=\"Marie Curie\" data-language-autonym=\"Batak Mandailing\" data-language-local-name=\"Batak Mandailing\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Batak Mandailing</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%9A%D1%8E%D1%80%D0%B8\" title=\"Мари Кюри – Russia Buriat\" lang=\"bxr\" hreflang=\"bxr\" data-title=\"Мари Кюри\" data-language-autonym=\"Буряад\" data-language-local-name=\"Russia Buriat\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Curie\" title=\"Marie Curie – catalan\" lang=\"ca\" hreflang=\"ca\" data-title=\"Marie Curie\" data-language-autonym=\"Català\" data-language-local-name=\"catalan\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8-%D0%9A%D1%8E%D1%80%D0%B8,_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8\" title=\"Склодовски-Кюри, Мари – tchétchène\" lang=\"ce\" hreflang=\"ce\" data-title=\"Склодовски-Кюри, Мари\" data-language-autonym=\"Нохчийн\" data-language-local-name=\"tchétchène\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Curie\" title=\"Marie Curie – cebuano\" lang=\"ceb\" hreflang=\"ceb\" data-title=\"Marie Curie\" data-language-autonym=\"Cebuano\" data-language-local-name=\"cebuano\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C_%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C\" title=\"ماری کووری – sorani\" lang=\"ckb\" hreflang=\"ckb\" data-title=\"ماری کووری\" data-language-autonym=\"کوردی\" data-language-local-name=\"sorani\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mari_K%C3%BCri\" title=\"Mari Küri – tatar de Crimée\" lang=\"crh\" hreflang=\"crh\" data-title=\"Mari Küri\" data-language-autonym=\"Qırımtatarca\" data-language-local-name=\"tatar de Crimée\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Curie-Sk%C5%82odowsk%C3%A1\" title=\"Marie Curie-Skłodowská – tchèque\" lang=\"cs\" hreflang=\"cs\" data-title=\"Marie Curie-Skłodowská\" data-language-autonym=\"Čeština\" data-language-local-name=\"tchèque\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mari%C3%B4_Sk%C5%82odowsk%C3%B4-Curie\" title=\"Mariô Skłodowskô-Curie – kachoube\" lang=\"csb\" hreflang=\"csb\" data-title=\"Mariô Skłodowskô-Curie\" data-language-autonym=\"Kaszëbsczi\" data-language-local-name=\"kachoube\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%8E%D1%80%D0%B8,_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F\" title=\"Кюри, Мария – tchouvache\" lang=\"cv\" hreflang=\"cv\" data-title=\"Кюри, Мария\" data-language-autonym=\"Чӑвашла\" data-language-local-name=\"tchouvache\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Curie\" title=\"Marie Curie – gallois\" lang=\"cy\" hreflang=\"cy\" data-title=\"Marie Curie\" data-language-autonym=\"Cymraeg\" data-language-local-name=\"gallois\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Curie\" title=\"Marie Curie – danois\" lang=\"da\" hreflang=\"da\" data-title=\"Marie Curie\" data-language-autonym=\"Dansk\" data-language-local-name=\"danois\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item\" title=\"article de qualité\"><a href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Curie\" title=\"Marie Curie – allemand\" lang=\"de\" hreflang=\"de\" data-title=\"Marie Curie\" data-language-autonym=\"Deutsch\" data-language-local-name=\"allemand\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Curie\" title=\"Marie Curie – Dimli\" lang=\"diq\" hreflang=\"diq\" data-title=\"Marie Curie\" data-language-autonym=\"Zazaki\" data-language-local-name=\"Dimli\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-dtp mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://dtp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Curie\" title=\"Marie Curie – dusun central\" lang=\"dtp\" hreflang=\"dtp\" data-title=\"Marie Curie\" data-language-autonym=\"Kadazandusun\" data-language-local-name=\"dusun central\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Kadazandusun</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80\" title=\"मारिया क्युरी – Doteli\" lang=\"dty\" hreflang=\"dty\" data-title=\"मारिया क्युरी\" data-language-autonym=\"डोटेली\" data-language-local-name=\"Doteli\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>डोटेली</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%AF%CE%B1_%CE%9A%CE%B9%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%81%CE%AF\" title=\"Μαρία Κιουρί – grec\" lang=\"el\" hreflang=\"el\" data-title=\"Μαρία Κιουρί\" data-language-autonym=\"Ελληνικά\" data-language-local-name=\"grec\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item\" title=\"bon article\"><a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Curie\" title=\"Marie Curie – anglais\" lang=\"en\" hreflang=\"en\" data-title=\"Marie Curie\" data-language-autonym=\"English\" data-language-local-name=\"anglais\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>English</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-eo badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item\" title=\"bon article\"><a href=\"https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Curie\" title=\"Marie Curie – espéranto\" lang=\"eo\" hreflang=\"eo\" data-title=\"Marie Curie\" data-language-autonym=\"Esperanto\" data-language-local-name=\"espéranto\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item\" title=\"bon article\"><a href=\"https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Curie\" title=\"Marie Curie – espagnol\" lang=\"es\" hreflang=\"es\" data-title=\"Marie Curie\" data-language-autonym=\"Español\" data-language-local-name=\"espagnol\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Curie\" title=\"Marie Curie – estonien\" lang=\"et\" hreflang=\"et\" data-title=\"Marie Curie\" data-language-autonym=\"Eesti\" data-language-local-name=\"estonien\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-eu badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item\" title=\"article de qualité\"><a href=\"https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Curie\" title=\"Marie Curie – basque\" lang=\"eu\" hreflang=\"eu\" data-title=\"Marie Curie\" data-language-autonym=\"Euskara\" data-language-local-name=\"basque\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Curie\" title=\"Marie Curie – estrémègne\" lang=\"ext\" hreflang=\"ext\" data-title=\"Marie Curie\" data-language-autonym=\"Estremeñu\" data-language-local-name=\"estrémègne\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-fa badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item\" title=\"article de qualité\"><a href=\"https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C_%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C\" title=\"ماری کوری – persan\" lang=\"fa\" hreflang=\"fa\" data-title=\"ماری کوری\" data-language-autonym=\"فارسی\" data-language-local-name=\"persan\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item\" title=\"bon article\"><a href=\"https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Curie\" title=\"Marie Curie – finnois\" lang=\"fi\" hreflang=\"fi\" data-title=\"Marie Curie\" data-language-autonym=\"Suomi\" data-language-local-name=\"finnois\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Curie\" title=\"Marie Curie – féroïen\" lang=\"fo\" hreflang=\"fo\" data-title=\"Marie Curie\" data-language-autonym=\"Føroyskt\" data-language-local-name=\"féroïen\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-fon mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://fon.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Curie\" title=\"Marie Curie – fon\" lang=\"fon\" hreflang=\"fon\" data-title=\"Marie Curie\" data-language-autonym=\"Fɔ̀ngbè\" data-language-local-name=\"fon\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Fɔ̀ngbè</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Curie\" title=\"Marie Curie – frison septentrional\" lang=\"frr\" hreflang=\"frr\" data-title=\"Marie Curie\" data-language-autonym=\"Nordfriisk\" data-language-local-name=\"frison septentrional\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Curie\" title=\"Marie Curie – frioulan\" lang=\"fur\" hreflang=\"fur\" data-title=\"Marie Curie\" data-language-autonym=\"Furlan\" data-language-local-name=\"frioulan\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maria_Curie-Sk%C5%82odowska\" title=\"Maria Curie-Skłodowska – frison occidental\" lang=\"fy\" hreflang=\"fy\" data-title=\"Maria Curie-Skłodowska\" data-language-autonym=\"Frysk\" data-language-local-name=\"frison occidental\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Curie\" title=\"Marie Curie – irlandais\" lang=\"ga\" hreflang=\"ga\" data-title=\"Marie Curie\" data-language-autonym=\"Gaeilge\" data-language-local-name=\"irlandais\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B1%85%E9%87%8C%E5%A4%AB%E4%BA%BA\" title=\"居里夫人 – gan\" lang=\"gan\" hreflang=\"gan\" data-title=\"居里夫人\" data-language-autonym=\"贛語\" data-language-local-name=\"gan\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Curie\" title=\"Marie Curie – créole guyanais\" lang=\"gcr\" hreflang=\"gcr\" data-title=\"Marie Curie\" data-language-autonym=\"Kriyòl gwiyannen\" data-language-local-name=\"créole guyanais\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Curie\" title=\"Marie Curie – gaélique écossais\" lang=\"gd\" hreflang=\"gd\" data-title=\"Marie Curie\" data-language-autonym=\"Gàidhlig\" data-language-local-name=\"gaélique écossais\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Curie\" title=\"Marie Curie – galicien\" lang=\"gl\" hreflang=\"gl\" data-title=\"Marie Curie\" data-language-autonym=\"Galego\" data-language-local-name=\"galicien\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Curie\" title=\"Marie Curie – guarani\" lang=\"gn\" hreflang=\"gn\" data-title=\"Marie Curie\" data-language-autonym=\"Avañe&#039;ẽ\" data-language-local-name=\"guarani\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Avañe&#039;ẽ</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-gpe mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://gpe.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Curie\" title=\"Marie Curie – Ghanaian Pidgin\" lang=\"gpe\" hreflang=\"gpe\" data-title=\"Marie Curie\" data-language-autonym=\"Ghanaian Pidgin\" data-language-local-name=\"Ghanaian Pidgin\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Ghanaian Pidgin</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%AE%E0%AB%85%E0%AA%B0%E0%AB%80_%E0%AA%95%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%AF%E0%AB%81%E0%AA%B0%E0%AB%80\" title=\"મૅરી ક્યુરી – goudjarati\" lang=\"gu\" hreflang=\"gu\" data-title=\"મૅરી ક્યુરી\" data-language-autonym=\"ગુજરાતી\" data-language-local-name=\"goudjarati\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Curie\" title=\"Marie Curie – haoussa\" lang=\"ha\" hreflang=\"ha\" data-title=\"Marie Curie\" data-language-autonym=\"Hausa\" data-language-local-name=\"haoussa\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Curie\" title=\"Marie Curie – hakka\" lang=\"hak\" hreflang=\"hak\" data-title=\"Marie Curie\" data-language-autonym=\"客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî\" data-language-local-name=\"hakka\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%99_%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%99\" title=\"מארי קירי – hébreu\" lang=\"he\" hreflang=\"he\" data-title=\"מארי קירי\" data-language-autonym=\"עברית\" data-language-local-name=\"hébreu\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80\" title=\"मेरी क्युरी – hindi\" lang=\"hi\" hreflang=\"hi\" data-title=\"मेरी क्युरी\" data-language-autonym=\"हिन्दी\" data-language-local-name=\"hindi\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Curie\" title=\"Marie Curie – hindi fidjien\" lang=\"hif\" hreflang=\"hif\" data-title=\"Marie Curie\" data-language-autonym=\"Fiji Hindi\" data-language-local-name=\"hindi fidjien\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maria_Sk%C5%82odowska-Curie\" title=\"Maria Skłodowska-Curie – croate\" lang=\"hr\" hreflang=\"hr\" data-title=\"Maria Skłodowska-Curie\" data-language-autonym=\"Hrvatski\" data-language-local-name=\"croate\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Curie\" title=\"Marie Curie – créole haïtien\" lang=\"ht\" hreflang=\"ht\" data-title=\"Marie Curie\" data-language-autonym=\"Kreyòl ayisyen\" data-language-local-name=\"créole haïtien\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maria_Sk%C5%82odowska-Curie\" title=\"Maria Skłodowska-Curie – hongrois\" lang=\"hu\" hreflang=\"hu\" data-title=\"Maria Skłodowska-Curie\" data-language-autonym=\"Magyar\" data-language-local-name=\"hongrois\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%AB_%D4%BF%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D6%80%D5%AB\" title=\"Մարի Կյուրի – arménien\" lang=\"hy\" hreflang=\"hy\" data-title=\"Մարի Կյուրի\" data-language-autonym=\"Հայերեն\" data-language-local-name=\"arménien\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%AB_%D5%94%D5%AB%D6%82%D6%80%D5%AB\" title=\"Մարի Քիւրի – arménien occidental\" lang=\"hyw\" hreflang=\"hyw\" data-title=\"Մարի Քիւրի\" data-language-autonym=\"Արեւմտահայերէն\" data-language-local-name=\"arménien occidental\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Curie\" title=\"Marie Curie – interlingua\" lang=\"ia\" hreflang=\"ia\" data-title=\"Marie Curie\" data-language-autonym=\"Interlingua\" data-language-local-name=\"interlingua\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Curie\" title=\"Marie Curie – iban\" lang=\"iba\" hreflang=\"iba\" data-title=\"Marie Curie\" data-language-autonym=\"Jaku Iban\" data-language-local-name=\"iban\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Jaku Iban</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Curie\" title=\"Marie Curie – indonésien\" lang=\"id\" hreflang=\"id\" data-title=\"Marie Curie\" data-language-autonym=\"Bahasa Indonesia\" data-language-local-name=\"indonésien\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Curie\" title=\"Marie Curie – ilocano\" lang=\"ilo\" hreflang=\"ilo\" data-title=\"Marie Curie\" data-language-autonym=\"Ilokano\" data-language-local-name=\"ilocano\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Curie\" title=\"Marie Curie – ido\" lang=\"io\" hreflang=\"io\" data-title=\"Marie Curie\" data-language-autonym=\"Ido\" data-language-local-name=\"ido\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Curie\" title=\"Marie Curie – islandais\" lang=\"is\" hreflang=\"is\" data-title=\"Marie Curie\" data-language-autonym=\"Íslenska\" data-language-local-name=\"islandais\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-isv mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://isv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maria_Sk%C5%82odowska-Curie\" title=\"Maria Skłodowska-Curie – Interslavic\" lang=\"isv\" hreflang=\"isv\" data-title=\"Maria Skłodowska-Curie\" data-language-autonym=\"Medžuslovjansky\" data-language-local-name=\"Interslavic\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Medžuslovjansky</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Curie\" title=\"Marie Curie – italien\" lang=\"it\" hreflang=\"it\" data-title=\"Marie Curie\" data-language-autonym=\"Italiano\" data-language-local-name=\"italien\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-ja badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item\" title=\"bon article\"><a href=\"https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9E%E3%83%AA%E3%83%BB%E3%82%AD%E3%83%A5%E3%83%AA%E3%83%BC\" title=\"マリ・キュリー – japonais\" lang=\"ja\" hreflang=\"ja\" data-title=\"マリ・キュリー\" data-language-autonym=\"日本語\" data-language-local-name=\"japonais\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marii_Kiuri\" title=\"Marii Kiuri – créole jamaïcain\" lang=\"jam\" hreflang=\"jam\" data-title=\"Marii Kiuri\" data-language-autonym=\"Patois\" data-language-local-name=\"créole jamaïcain\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/maris.kuris\" title=\"maris.kuris – lojban\" lang=\"jbo\" hreflang=\"jbo\" data-title=\"maris.kuris\" data-language-autonym=\"La .lojban.\" data-language-local-name=\"lojban\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Curie\" title=\"Marie Curie – javanais\" lang=\"jv\" hreflang=\"jv\" data-title=\"Marie Curie\" data-language-autonym=\"Jawa\" data-language-local-name=\"javanais\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%99%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%93%E1%83%9D%E1%83%95%E1%83%A1%E1%83%99%E1%83%90-%E1%83%99%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98\" title=\"მარი სკლოდოვსკა-კიური – géorgien\" lang=\"ka\" hreflang=\"ka\" data-title=\"მარი სკლოდოვსკა-კიური\" data-language-autonym=\"ქართული\" data-language-local-name=\"géorgien\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Curie\" title=\"Marie Curie – karakalpak\" lang=\"kaa\" hreflang=\"kaa\" data-title=\"Marie Curie\" data-language-autonym=\"Qaraqalpaqsha\" data-language-local-name=\"karakalpak\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mari_Kuri\" title=\"Mari Kuri – kabyle\" lang=\"kab\" hreflang=\"kab\" data-title=\"Mari Kuri\" data-language-autonym=\"Taqbaylit\" data-language-local-name=\"kabyle\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Curie\" title=\"Marie Curie – Kabiye\" lang=\"kbp\" hreflang=\"kbp\" data-title=\"Marie Curie\" data-language-autonym=\"Kabɩyɛ\" data-language-local-name=\"Kabiye\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%9A%D1%8E%D1%80%D0%B8\" title=\"Мария Кюри – kazakh\" lang=\"kk\" hreflang=\"kk\" data-title=\"Мария Кюри\" data-language-autonym=\"Қазақша\" data-language-local-name=\"kazakh\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%98%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B8_%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%8A%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%B6_%E1%9E%82%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B8\" title=\"ម៉ារី ស្កូដូស្កា គុយរី – khmer\" lang=\"km\" hreflang=\"km\" data-title=\"ម៉ារី ស្កូដូស្កា គុយរី\" data-language-autonym=\"ភាសាខ្មែរ\" data-language-local-name=\"khmer\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%87%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BF_%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF%E0%B3%82%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BF\" title=\"ಮೇರಿ ಕ್ಯೂರಿ – kannada\" lang=\"kn\" hreflang=\"kn\" data-title=\"ಮೇರಿ ಕ್ಯೂರಿ\" data-language-autonym=\"ಕನ್ನಡ\" data-language-local-name=\"kannada\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-knc mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://knc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Curie\" title=\"Marie Curie – Central Kanuri\" lang=\"knc\" hreflang=\"knc\" data-title=\"Marie Curie\" data-language-autonym=\"Yerwa Kanuri\" data-language-local-name=\"Central Kanuri\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Yerwa Kanuri</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A7%88%EB%A6%AC_%ED%80%B4%EB%A6%AC\" title=\"마리 퀴리 – coréen\" lang=\"ko\" hreflang=\"ko\" data-title=\"마리 퀴리\" data-language-autonym=\"한국어\" data-language-local-name=\"coréen\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B1%D9%90%DB%8C_%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C\" title=\"میرِی کیوری – cachemiri\" lang=\"ks\" hreflang=\"ks\" data-title=\"میرِی کیوری\" data-language-autonym=\"کٲشُر\" data-language-local-name=\"cachemiri\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Curie\" title=\"Marie Curie – kurde\" lang=\"ku\" hreflang=\"ku\" data-title=\"Marie Curie\" data-language-autonym=\"Kurdî\" data-language-local-name=\"kurde\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Curie\" title=\"Marie Curie – cornique\" lang=\"kw\" hreflang=\"kw\" data-title=\"Marie Curie\" data-language-autonym=\"Kernowek\" data-language-local-name=\"cornique\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%A1%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F-%D0%9A%D1%8E%D1%80%D0%B8\" title=\"Мария Склодовская-Кюри – kirghize\" lang=\"ky\" hreflang=\"ky\" data-title=\"Мария Склодовская-Кюри\" data-language-autonym=\"Кыргызча\" data-language-local-name=\"kirghize\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maria_Curie\" title=\"Maria Curie – latin\" lang=\"la\" hreflang=\"la\" data-title=\"Maria Curie\" data-language-autonym=\"Latina\" data-language-local-name=\"latin\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Curie\" title=\"Marie Curie – ladino\" lang=\"lad\" hreflang=\"lad\" data-title=\"Marie Curie\" data-language-autonym=\"Ladino\" data-language-local-name=\"ladino\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Curie\" title=\"Marie Curie – luxembourgeois\" lang=\"lb\" hreflang=\"lb\" data-title=\"Marie Curie\" data-language-autonym=\"Lëtzebuergesch\" data-language-local-name=\"luxembourgeois\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Curie\" title=\"Marie Curie – limbourgeois\" lang=\"li\" hreflang=\"li\" data-title=\"Marie Curie\" data-language-autonym=\"Limburgs\" data-language-local-name=\"limbourgeois\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Curie\" title=\"Marie Curie – ligure\" lang=\"lij\" hreflang=\"lij\" data-title=\"Marie Curie\" data-language-autonym=\"Ligure\" data-language-local-name=\"ligure\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Curie\" title=\"Marie Curie – lombard\" lang=\"lmo\" hreflang=\"lmo\" data-title=\"Marie Curie\" data-language-autonym=\"Lombard\" data-language-local-name=\"lombard\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A3%E0%BA%B5_%E0%BA%84%E0%BA%B9%E0%BA%A3%E0%BA%B5\" title=\"ມາຣີ ຄູຣີ – lao\" lang=\"lo\" hreflang=\"lo\" data-title=\"ມາຣີ ຄູຣີ\" data-language-autonym=\"ລາວ\" data-language-local-name=\"lao\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Curie\" title=\"Marie Curie – lituanien\" lang=\"lt\" hreflang=\"lt\" data-title=\"Marie Curie\" data-language-autonym=\"Lietuvių\" data-language-local-name=\"lituanien\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marija_Sklodovska-Kir%C4%AB\" title=\"Marija Sklodovska-Kirī – letton\" lang=\"lv\" hreflang=\"lv\" data-title=\"Marija Sklodovska-Kirī\" data-language-autonym=\"Latviešu\" data-language-local-name=\"letton\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-mad mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://mad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Curie\" title=\"Marie Curie – madurais\" lang=\"mad\" hreflang=\"mad\" data-title=\"Marie Curie\" data-language-autonym=\"Madhurâ\" data-language-local-name=\"madurais\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Madhurâ</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80\" title=\"मारिया क्युरी – maïthili\" lang=\"mai\" hreflang=\"mai\" data-title=\"मारिया क्युरी\" data-language-autonym=\"मैथिली\" data-language-local-name=\"maïthili\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Curie\" title=\"Marie Curie – Banyumasan\" lang=\"jv-x-bms\" hreflang=\"jv-x-bms\" data-title=\"Marie Curie\" data-language-autonym=\"Basa Banyumasan\" data-language-local-name=\"Banyumasan\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Curie\" title=\"Marie Curie – malgache\" lang=\"mg\" hreflang=\"mg\" data-title=\"Marie Curie\" data-language-autonym=\"Malagasy\" data-language-local-name=\"malgache\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Curie\" title=\"Marie Curie – minangkabau\" lang=\"min\" hreflang=\"min\" data-title=\"Marie Curie\" data-language-autonym=\"Minangkabau\" data-language-local-name=\"minangkabau\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0_%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8\" title=\"Марија Кири – macédonien\" lang=\"mk\" hreflang=\"mk\" data-title=\"Марија Кири\" data-language-autonym=\"Македонски\" data-language-local-name=\"macédonien\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BF_%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BF\" title=\"മേരി ക്യൂറി – malayalam\" lang=\"ml\" hreflang=\"ml\" data-title=\"മേരി ക്യൂറി\" data-language-autonym=\"മലയാളം\" data-language-local-name=\"malayalam\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%9A%D1%8E%D1%80%D0%B8\" title=\"Мари Кюри – mongol\" lang=\"mn\" hreflang=\"mn\" data-title=\"Мари Кюри\" data-language-autonym=\"Монгол\" data-language-local-name=\"mongol\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%83%EA%AF%A6%EA%AF%94%EA%AF%A4_%EA%AF%80%EA%AF%A8%EA%AF%94%EA%AF%A4\" title=\"ꯃꯦꯔꯤ ꯀꯨꯔꯤ – manipuri\" lang=\"mni\" hreflang=\"mni\" data-title=\"ꯃꯦꯔꯤ ꯀꯨꯔꯤ\" data-language-autonym=\"ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ\" data-language-local-name=\"manipuri\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-mnw mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://mnw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9B%E1%80%B3_%E1%80%80%E1%80%BB%E1%80%B0%E1%80%9B%E1%80%B3\" title=\"မာရဳ ကျူရဳ – Mon\" lang=\"mnw\" hreflang=\"mnw\" data-title=\"မာရဳ ကျူရဳ\" data-language-autonym=\"ဘာသာမန်\" data-language-local-name=\"Mon\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>ဘာသာမန်</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80\" title=\"मेरी क्युरी – marathi\" lang=\"mr\" hreflang=\"mr\" data-title=\"मेरी क्युरी\" data-language-autonym=\"मराठी\" data-language-local-name=\"marathi\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Curie\" title=\"Marie Curie – malais\" lang=\"ms\" hreflang=\"ms\" data-title=\"Marie Curie\" data-language-autonym=\"Bahasa Melayu\" data-language-local-name=\"malais\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Curie\" title=\"Marie Curie – maltais\" lang=\"mt\" hreflang=\"mt\" data-title=\"Marie Curie\" data-language-autonym=\"Malti\" data-language-local-name=\"maltais\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AE_%E1%80%80%E1%80%BB%E1%80%B0%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8\" title=\"မာရီ ကျူးရီး – birman\" lang=\"my\" hreflang=\"my\" data-title=\"မာရီ ကျူးရီး\" data-language-autonym=\"မြန်မာဘာသာ\" data-language-local-name=\"birman\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C_%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C\" title=\"ماری کوری – mazandérani\" lang=\"mzn\" hreflang=\"mzn\" data-title=\"ماری کوری\" data-language-autonym=\"مازِرونی\" data-language-local-name=\"mazandérani\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Curie\" title=\"Marie Curie – Nahuatl\" lang=\"nah\" hreflang=\"nah\" data-title=\"Marie Curie\" data-language-autonym=\"Nāhuatl\" data-language-local-name=\"Nahuatl\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Nāhuatl</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Curie\" title=\"Marie Curie – bas-saxon néerlandais\" lang=\"nds-NL\" hreflang=\"nds-NL\" data-title=\"Marie Curie\" data-language-autonym=\"Nedersaksies\" data-language-local-name=\"bas-saxon néerlandais\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Curie\" title=\"Marie Curie – bas-allemand\" lang=\"nds\" hreflang=\"nds\" data-title=\"Marie Curie\" data-language-autonym=\"Plattdüütsch\" data-language-local-name=\"bas-allemand\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80\" title=\"मारिया क्युरी – népalais\" lang=\"ne\" hreflang=\"ne\" data-title=\"मारिया क्युरी\" data-language-autonym=\"नेपाली\" data-language-local-name=\"népalais\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80\" title=\"मेरी क्युरी – newari\" lang=\"new\" hreflang=\"new\" data-title=\"मेरी क्युरी\" data-language-autonym=\"नेपाल भाषा\" data-language-local-name=\"newari\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Curie\" title=\"Marie Curie – néerlandais\" lang=\"nl\" hreflang=\"nl\" data-title=\"Marie Curie\" data-language-autonym=\"Nederlands\" data-language-local-name=\"néerlandais\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Curie\" title=\"Marie Curie – norvégien nynorsk\" lang=\"nn\" hreflang=\"nn\" data-title=\"Marie Curie\" data-language-autonym=\"Norsk nynorsk\" data-language-local-name=\"norvégien nynorsk\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Curie\" title=\"Marie Curie – norvégien bokmål\" lang=\"nb\" hreflang=\"nb\" data-title=\"Marie Curie\" data-language-autonym=\"Norsk bokmål\" data-language-local-name=\"norvégien bokmål\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Curie\" title=\"Marie Curie – occitan\" lang=\"oc\" hreflang=\"oc\" data-title=\"Marie Curie\" data-language-autonym=\"Occitan\" data-language-local-name=\"occitan\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Curie\" title=\"Marie Curie – Livvi-Karelian\" lang=\"olo\" hreflang=\"olo\" data-title=\"Marie Curie\" data-language-autonym=\"Livvinkarjala\" data-language-local-name=\"Livvi-Karelian\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-om badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item\" title=\"article de qualité\"><a href=\"https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marii_Kurii\" title=\"Marii Kurii – oromo\" lang=\"om\" hreflang=\"om\" data-title=\"Marii Kurii\" data-language-autonym=\"Oromoo\" data-language-local-name=\"oromo\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%AE%E0%AD%87%E0%AC%B0%E0%AD%80_%E0%AC%95%E0%AD%8D%E0%AD%9F%E0%AD%81%E0%AC%B0%E0%AD%80\" title=\"ମେରୀ କ୍ୟୁରୀ – odia\" lang=\"or\" hreflang=\"or\" data-title=\"ମେରୀ କ୍ୟୁରୀ\" data-language-autonym=\"ଓଡ଼ିଆ\" data-language-local-name=\"odia\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%8A%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80\" title=\"ਮੈਰੀ ਕਿਊਰੀ – pendjabi\" lang=\"pa\" hreflang=\"pa\" data-title=\"ਮੈਰੀ ਕਿਊਰੀ\" data-language-autonym=\"ਪੰਜਾਬੀ\" data-language-local-name=\"pendjabi\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Curie\" title=\"Marie Curie – pampangan\" lang=\"pam\" hreflang=\"pam\" data-title=\"Marie Curie\" data-language-autonym=\"Kapampangan\" data-language-local-name=\"pampangan\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Curie\" title=\"Marie Curie – picard\" lang=\"pcd\" hreflang=\"pcd\" data-title=\"Marie Curie\" data-language-autonym=\"Picard\" data-language-local-name=\"picard\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maria_Sk%C5%82odowska-Curie\" title=\"Maria Skłodowska-Curie – polonais\" lang=\"pl\" hreflang=\"pl\" data-title=\"Maria Skłodowska-Curie\" data-language-autonym=\"Polski\" data-language-local-name=\"polonais\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Curie\" title=\"Marie Curie – piémontais\" lang=\"pms\" hreflang=\"pms\" data-title=\"Marie Curie\" data-language-autonym=\"Piemontèis\" data-language-local-name=\"piémontais\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B1%DB%8C_%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C\" title=\"میری کیوری – Western Punjabi\" lang=\"pnb\" hreflang=\"pnb\" data-title=\"میری کیوری\" data-language-autonym=\"پنجابی\" data-language-local-name=\"Western Punjabi\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-ppl mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://ppl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Curie\" title=\"Marie Curie – Nawat\" lang=\"ppl\" hreflang=\"ppl\" data-title=\"Marie Curie\" data-language-autonym=\"Nawat\" data-language-local-name=\"Nawat\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Nawat</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A_%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A\" title=\"ماري کیوري – pachto\" lang=\"ps\" hreflang=\"ps\" data-title=\"ماري کیوري\" data-language-autonym=\"پښتو\" data-language-local-name=\"pachto\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-pt badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item\" title=\"bon article\"><a href=\"https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Curie\" title=\"Marie Curie – portugais\" lang=\"pt\" hreflang=\"pt\" data-title=\"Marie Curie\" data-language-autonym=\"Português\" data-language-local-name=\"portugais\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Curie\" title=\"Marie Curie – quechua\" lang=\"qu\" hreflang=\"qu\" data-title=\"Marie Curie\" data-language-autonym=\"Runa Simi\" data-language-local-name=\"quechua\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Curie\" title=\"Marie Curie – roumain\" lang=\"ro\" hreflang=\"ro\" data-title=\"Marie Curie\" data-language-autonym=\"Română\" data-language-local-name=\"roumain\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Curie\" title=\"Marie Curie – aroumain\" lang=\"rup\" hreflang=\"rup\" data-title=\"Marie Curie\" data-language-autonym=\"Armãneashti\" data-language-local-name=\"aroumain\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item\" title=\"bon article\"><a href=\"https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F-%D0%9A%D1%8E%D1%80%D0%B8,_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F\" title=\"Склодовская-Кюри, Мария – russe\" lang=\"ru\" hreflang=\"ru\" data-title=\"Склодовская-Кюри, Мария\" data-language-autonym=\"Русский\" data-language-local-name=\"russe\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%9A%D1%8E%D1%80%D0%B8\" title=\"Мария Кюри – ruthène\" lang=\"rue\" hreflang=\"rue\" data-title=\"Мария Кюри\" data-language-autonym=\"Русиньскый\" data-language-local-name=\"ruthène\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80\" title=\"मेरी क्यूरी – sanskrit\" lang=\"sa\" hreflang=\"sa\" data-title=\"मेरी क्यूरी\" data-language-autonym=\"संस्कृतम्\" data-language-local-name=\"sanskrit\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%8E%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F\" title=\"Кюри Мария – iakoute\" lang=\"sah\" hreflang=\"sah\" data-title=\"Кюри Мария\" data-language-autonym=\"Саха тыла\" data-language-local-name=\"iakoute\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A2%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A4_%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%AD%E1%B1%A9%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A4\" title=\"ᱢᱮᱨᱤ ᱠᱭᱩᱨᱤ – santali\" lang=\"sat\" hreflang=\"sat\" data-title=\"ᱢᱮᱨᱤ ᱠᱭᱩᱨᱤ\" data-language-autonym=\"ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ\" data-language-local-name=\"santali\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Curie\" title=\"Marie Curie – sicilien\" lang=\"scn\" hreflang=\"scn\" data-title=\"Marie Curie\" data-language-autonym=\"Sicilianu\" data-language-local-name=\"sicilien\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Curie\" title=\"Marie Curie – écossais\" lang=\"sco\" hreflang=\"sco\" data-title=\"Marie Curie\" data-language-autonym=\"Scots\" data-language-local-name=\"écossais\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%8A_%DA%AA%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A\" title=\"ميري ڪيوري – sindhi\" lang=\"sd\" hreflang=\"sd\" data-title=\"ميري ڪيوري\" data-language-autonym=\"سنڌي\" data-language-local-name=\"sindhi\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Curie\" title=\"Marie Curie – serbo-croate\" lang=\"sh\" hreflang=\"sh\" data-title=\"Marie Curie\" data-language-autonym=\"Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски\" data-language-local-name=\"serbo-croate\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92_%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92\" title=\"මාරි කියුරි – cingalais\" lang=\"si\" hreflang=\"si\" data-title=\"මාරි කියුරි\" data-language-autonym=\"සිංහල\" data-language-local-name=\"cingalais\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Curie\" title=\"Marie Curie – Simple English\" lang=\"en-simple\" hreflang=\"en-simple\" data-title=\"Marie Curie\" data-language-autonym=\"Simple English\" data-language-local-name=\"Simple English\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maria_Curieov%C3%A1-Sk%C5%82odowsk%C3%A1\" title=\"Maria Curieová-Skłodowská – slovaque\" lang=\"sk\" hreflang=\"sk\" data-title=\"Maria Curieová-Skłodowská\" data-language-autonym=\"Slovenčina\" data-language-local-name=\"slovaque\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Sk%C5%82odowska-Curie\" title=\"Marie Skłodowska-Curie – slovène\" lang=\"sl\" hreflang=\"sl\" data-title=\"Marie Skłodowska-Curie\" data-language-autonym=\"Slovenščina\" data-language-local-name=\"slovène\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Curie\" title=\"Marie Curie – same d’Inari\" lang=\"smn\" hreflang=\"smn\" data-title=\"Marie Curie\" data-language-autonym=\"Anarâškielâ\" data-language-local-name=\"same d’Inari\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Curie\" title=\"Marie Curie – albanais\" lang=\"sq\" hreflang=\"sq\" data-title=\"Marie Curie\" data-language-autonym=\"Shqip\" data-language-local-name=\"albanais\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0_%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8\" title=\"Марија Кири – serbe\" lang=\"sr\" hreflang=\"sr\" data-title=\"Марија Кири\" data-language-autonym=\"Српски / srpski\" data-language-local-name=\"serbe\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Curie\" title=\"Marie Curie – soundanais\" lang=\"su\" hreflang=\"su\" data-title=\"Marie Curie\" data-language-autonym=\"Sunda\" data-language-local-name=\"soundanais\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Curie\" title=\"Marie Curie – suédois\" lang=\"sv\" hreflang=\"sv\" data-title=\"Marie Curie\" data-language-autonym=\"Svenska\" data-language-local-name=\"suédois\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Curie\" title=\"Marie Curie – swahili\" lang=\"sw\" hreflang=\"sw\" data-title=\"Marie Curie\" data-language-autonym=\"Kiswahili\" data-language-local-name=\"swahili\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF_%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF\" title=\"மேரி கியூரி – tamoul\" lang=\"ta\" hreflang=\"ta\" data-title=\"மேரி கியூரி\" data-language-autonym=\"தமிழ்\" data-language-local-name=\"tamoul\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-tcy mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://tcy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%87%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BF_%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF%E0%B3%82%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BF\" title=\"ಮೇರಿ ಕ್ಯೂರಿ – toulou\" lang=\"tcy\" hreflang=\"tcy\" data-title=\"ಮೇರಿ ಕ್ಯೂರಿ\" data-language-autonym=\"ತುಳು\" data-language-local-name=\"toulou\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>ತುಳು</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%80_%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%80\" title=\"మేరీ క్యూరీ – télougou\" lang=\"te\" hreflang=\"te\" data-title=\"మేరీ క్యూరీ\" data-language-autonym=\"తెలుగు\" data-language-local-name=\"télougou\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%A1%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0-%D0%9A%D1%8E%D1%80%D0%B8\" title=\"Мария Склодовска-Кюри – tadjik\" lang=\"tg\" hreflang=\"tg\" data-title=\"Мария Склодовска-Кюри\" data-language-autonym=\"Тоҷикӣ\" data-language-local-name=\"tadjik\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5_%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5\" title=\"มารี กูว์รี – thaï\" lang=\"th\" hreflang=\"th\" data-title=\"มารี กูว์รี\" data-language-autonym=\"ไทย\" data-language-local-name=\"thaï\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Curie\" title=\"Marie Curie – tagalog\" lang=\"tl\" hreflang=\"tl\" data-title=\"Marie Curie\" data-language-autonym=\"Tagalog\" data-language-local-name=\"tagalog\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maria_Kuri\" title=\"Maria Kuri – talysh\" lang=\"tly\" hreflang=\"tly\" data-title=\"Maria Kuri\" data-language-autonym=\"Tolışi\" data-language-local-name=\"talysh\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-tn mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://tn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Curie\" title=\"Marie Curie – tswana\" lang=\"tn\" hreflang=\"tn\" data-title=\"Marie Curie\" data-language-autonym=\"Setswana\" data-language-local-name=\"tswana\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Setswana</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-tok mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://tok.wikipedia.org/wiki/jan_Malija_Kili\" title=\"jan Malija Kili – toki pona\" lang=\"tok\" hreflang=\"tok\" data-title=\"jan Malija Kili\" data-language-autonym=\"Toki pona\" data-language-local-name=\"toki pona\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Toki pona</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Curie\" title=\"Marie Curie – turc\" lang=\"tr\" hreflang=\"tr\" data-title=\"Marie Curie\" data-language-autonym=\"Türkçe\" data-language-local-name=\"turc\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%A1%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F-%D0%9A%D1%8E%D1%80%D0%B8\" title=\"Мария Склодовская-Кюри – tatar\" lang=\"tt\" hreflang=\"tt\" data-title=\"Мария Склодовская-Кюри\" data-language-autonym=\"Татарча / tatarça\" data-language-local-name=\"tatar\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F-%D0%9A%D1%8E%D1%80%D0%B8,_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F\" title=\"Склодовская-Кюри, Мария – touvain\" lang=\"tyv\" hreflang=\"tyv\" data-title=\"Склодовская-Кюри, Мария\" data-language-autonym=\"Тыва дыл\" data-language-local-name=\"touvain\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Тыва дыл</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%8E%D1%80%D0%B8,_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F\" title=\"Кюри, Мария – oudmourte\" lang=\"udm\" hreflang=\"udm\" data-title=\"Кюри, Мария\" data-language-autonym=\"Удмурт\" data-language-local-name=\"oudmourte\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%A1%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0-%D0%9A%D1%8E%D1%80%D1%96\" title=\"Марія Склодовська-Кюрі – ukrainien\" lang=\"uk\" hreflang=\"uk\" data-title=\"Марія Склодовська-Кюрі\" data-language-autonym=\"Українська\" data-language-local-name=\"ukrainien\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B1%DB%8C_%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C\" title=\"میری کیوری – ourdou\" lang=\"ur\" hreflang=\"ur\" data-title=\"میری کیوری\" data-language-autonym=\"اردو\" data-language-local-name=\"ourdou\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Curie\" title=\"Marie Curie – ouzbek\" lang=\"uz\" hreflang=\"uz\" data-title=\"Marie Curie\" data-language-autonym=\"Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча\" data-language-local-name=\"ouzbek\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sklodovskaja-K%C3%BCri_Marija\" title=\"Sklodovskaja-Küri Marija – vepse\" lang=\"vep\" hreflang=\"vep\" data-title=\"Sklodovskaja-Küri Marija\" data-language-autonym=\"Vepsän kel’\" data-language-local-name=\"vepse\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-vi badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item\" title=\"bon article\"><a href=\"https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Curie\" title=\"Marie Curie – vietnamien\" lang=\"vi\" hreflang=\"vi\" data-title=\"Marie Curie\" data-language-autonym=\"Tiếng Việt\" data-language-local-name=\"vietnamien\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Curie\" title=\"Marie Curie – volapük\" lang=\"vo\" hreflang=\"vo\" data-title=\"Marie Curie\" data-language-autonym=\"Volapük\" data-language-local-name=\"volapük\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Curie\" title=\"Marie Curie – waray\" lang=\"war\" hreflang=\"war\" data-title=\"Marie Curie\" data-language-autonym=\"Winaray\" data-language-local-name=\"waray\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%8E%9B%E4%B8%BD%C2%B7%E5%B1%85%E9%87%8C\" title=\"玛丽·居里 – wu\" lang=\"wuu\" hreflang=\"wuu\" data-title=\"玛丽·居里\" data-language-autonym=\"吴语\" data-language-local-name=\"wu\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%99%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%93%E1%83%9D%E1%83%95%E1%83%A1%E1%83%99%E1%83%90-%E1%83%99%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98\" title=\"მარი სკლოდოვსკა-კიური – mingrélien\" lang=\"xmf\" hreflang=\"xmf\" data-title=\"მარი სკლოდოვსკა-კიური\" data-language-autonym=\"მარგალური\" data-language-local-name=\"mingrélien\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%99_%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%99\" title=\"מארי קירי – yiddish\" lang=\"yi\" hreflang=\"yi\" data-title=\"מארי קירי\" data-language-autonym=\"ייִדיש\" data-language-local-name=\"yiddish\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Curie\" title=\"Marie Curie – yoruba\" lang=\"yo\" hreflang=\"yo\" data-title=\"Marie Curie\" data-language-autonym=\"Yorùbá\" data-language-local-name=\"yoruba\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Curie\" title=\"Marie Curie – zélandais\" lang=\"zea\" hreflang=\"zea\" data-title=\"Marie Curie\" data-language-autonym=\"Zeêuws\" data-language-local-name=\"zélandais\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%91%AA%E9%BA%97%E5%B1%85%E7%A6%AE\" title=\"瑪麗居禮 – chinois littéraire\" lang=\"lzh\" hreflang=\"lzh\" data-title=\"瑪麗居禮\" data-language-autonym=\"文言\" data-language-local-name=\"chinois littéraire\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Curie\" title=\"Marie Curie – minnan\" lang=\"nan\" hreflang=\"nan\" data-title=\"Marie Curie\" data-language-autonym=\"閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gí\" data-language-local-name=\"minnan\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gí</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%91%AA%E9%BA%97%C2%B7%E5%B1%85%E9%87%8C\" title=\"瑪麗·居里 – cantonais\" lang=\"yue\" hreflang=\"yue\" data-title=\"瑪麗·居里\" data-language-autonym=\"粵語\" data-language-local-name=\"cantonais\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%8E%9B%E4%B8%BD%C2%B7%E5%B1%85%E9%87%8C\" title=\"玛丽·居里 – chinois\" lang=\"zh\" hreflang=\"zh\" data-title=\"玛丽·居里\" data-language-autonym=\"中文\" data-language-local-name=\"chinois\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target\"><span>中文</span></a></li>\n\t\t\t</ul>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"after-portlet after-portlet-lang\"><span class=\"wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link\"><a href=\"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q7186#sitelinks-wikipedia\" title=\"Modifier les liens interlangues\" class=\"wbc-editpage\">Modifier les liens</a></span></div>\n\t\t</div>\n\n\t</div>\n</div>\n</header>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"vector-page-toolbar\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"vector-page-toolbar-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"left-navigation\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<nav aria-label=\"Espaces de noms\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<div id=\"p-associated-pages\" class=\"vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages\"  >\n\t<div class=\"vector-menu-content\">\n\t\t\n\t\t<ul class=\"vector-menu-content-list\">\n\t\t\t<li id=\"ca-nstab-main\" class=\"selected mw-list-item vector-tab-noicon\"><a data-mw-interface  href=\"/wiki/Marie_Curie\" title=\"Voir le contenu de la page [c]\" accesskey=\"c\" class=\"\"><span>Article</span></a>\n</li>\n<li id=\"ca-talk\" class=\"mw-list-item vector-tab-noicon\"><a data-mw-interface  href=\"/wiki/Discussion:Marie_Curie\" rel=\"discussion\" title=\"Discussion au sujet de cette page de contenu [t]\" accesskey=\"t\" class=\"\"><span>Discussion</span></a>\n</li>\n\n\t\t\t\n\t\t</ul>\n\t\t\n\t</div>\n</div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<div id=\"vector-variants-dropdown\" class=\"vector-dropdown emptyPortlet\"  >\n\t<input type=\"checkbox\" id=\"vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox\" role=\"button\" aria-haspopup=\"true\" data-event-name=\"ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown\" class=\"vector-dropdown-checkbox \" aria-label=\"Modifier la variante de langue\"    >\n\t<label id=\"vector-variants-dropdown-label\" for=\"vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox\" class=\"vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet\" aria-hidden=\"true\"  ><span class=\"vector-dropdown-label-text\">français</span>\n\t</label>\n\t<div class=\"vector-dropdown-content\">\n\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\n<div id=\"p-variants\" class=\"vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet\"  >\n\t<div class=\"vector-menu-content\">\n\t\t\n\t\t<ul class=\"vector-menu-content-list\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t</ul>\n\t\t\n\t</div>\n</div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\n\t</div>\n</div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t</nav>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"right-navigation\" class=\"vector-collapsible\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<nav aria-label=\"Affichages\">\n\t\t\t    \n<div id=\"p-views\" class=\"vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views\"  >\n\t<div class=\"vector-menu-content\">\n\t\t\n\t\t<ul class=\"vector-menu-content-list\">\n\t\t\t<li id=\"ca-view\" class=\"selected mw-list-item vector-menu-item--collapsible vector-tab-noicon\"><a data-mw-interface  href=\"/wiki/Marie_Curie\" class=\"\"><span>Lire</span></a>\n</li>\n<li id=\"ca-viewsource\" class=\"mw-list-item vector-menu-item--collapsible vector-tab-noicon\"><a data-mw-interface  href=\"/w/index.php?title=Marie_Curie&amp;action=edit\" title=\"Cette page est protégée.\nVous pouvez toutefois en visualiser la source. [e]\" accesskey=\"e\" class=\"\"><span>Voir le texte source</span></a>\n</li>\n<li id=\"ca-history\" class=\"mw-list-item vector-menu-item--collapsible vector-tab-noicon\"><a data-mw-interface  href=\"/w/index.php?title=Marie_Curie&amp;action=history\" title=\"Historique des versions de cette page [h]\" accesskey=\"h\" class=\"\"><span>Voir l’historique</span></a>\n</li>\n\n\t\t\t\n\t\t</ul>\n\t\t\n\t</div>\n</div>\n\n\t\t\t</nav>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<nav class=\"vector-page-tools-landmark\" aria-label=\"Outils de la page\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<div id=\"vector-page-tools-dropdown\" class=\"vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown\"  >\n\t<input type=\"checkbox\" id=\"vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox\" role=\"button\" aria-haspopup=\"true\" data-event-name=\"ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown\" class=\"vector-dropdown-checkbox \"  aria-label=\"Outils\"   >\n\t<label id=\"vector-page-tools-dropdown-label\" for=\"vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox\" class=\"vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only \" aria-hidden=\"true\"  ><span class=\"vector-icon mw-ui-icon-verticalEllipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-verticalEllipsis cdx-button__icon\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"vector-dropdown-label-text\">Outils</span>\n\t</label>\n\t<div class=\"vector-dropdown-content\">\n\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"vector-page-tools-unpinned-container\" class=\"vector-unpinned-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<div id=\"vector-page-tools\" class=\"vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element\">\n\t<div\n\tclass=\"vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned\"\n\tdata-feature-name=\"page-tools-pinned\"\n\tdata-pinnable-element-id=\"vector-page-tools\"\n\tdata-pinned-container-id=\"vector-page-tools-pinned-container\"\n\tdata-unpinned-container-id=\"vector-page-tools-unpinned-container\"\n>\n\t<div class=\"vector-pinnable-header-label\">Outils</div>\n\t<button class=\"vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button\" data-event-name=\"pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin\" aria-label=\"Move Outils to sidebar\">déplacer vers la barre latérale</button>\n\t<button class=\"vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button\" data-event-name=\"pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin\" aria-label=\"Hide Outils\">masquer</button>\n</div>\n\n\t\n<div id=\"p-cactions\" class=\"vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items\"  >\n\t<div class=\"vector-menu-heading\">\n\t\tActions\n\t</div>\n\t<div class=\"vector-menu-content\">\n\t\t\n\t\t<ul class=\"vector-menu-content-list\">\n\t\t\t<li id=\"ca-view-more\" class=\"selected mw-list-item vector-menu-item--collapsible\"><a data-mw-interface  href=\"/wiki/Marie_Curie\" class=\"\"><span class=\"vector-icon mw-ui-icon-eye mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-eye cdx-button__icon\"></span>\n\n<span>Lire</span></a>\n</li>\n<li id=\"ca-viewsource-more\" class=\"mw-list-item vector-menu-item--collapsible\"><a data-mw-interface  href=\"/w/index.php?title=Marie_Curie&amp;action=edit\" title=\"Cette page est protégée.\nVous pouvez toutefois en visualiser la source. [e]\" accesskey=\"e\" class=\"\"><span class=\"vector-icon mw-ui-icon-editLock mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-editLock cdx-button__icon\"></span>\n\n<span>Voir le texte source</span></a>\n</li>\n<li id=\"ca-history-more\" class=\"mw-list-item vector-menu-item--collapsible\"><a data-mw-interface  href=\"/w/index.php?title=Marie_Curie&amp;action=history\" title=\"Historique des versions de cette page [h]\" accesskey=\"h\" class=\"\"><span class=\"vector-icon mw-ui-icon-history mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-history cdx-button__icon\"></span>\n\n<span>Voir l’historique</span></a>\n</li>\n\n\t\t\t\n\t\t</ul>\n\t\t\n\t</div>\n</div>\n\n<div id=\"p-tb\" class=\"vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb\"  >\n\t<div class=\"vector-menu-heading\">\n\t\tGénéral\n\t</div>\n\t<div class=\"vector-menu-content\">\n\t\t\n\t\t<ul class=\"vector-menu-content-list\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<li id=\"t-whatlinkshere\" class=\"mw-list-item\"><a href=\"/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Pages_li%C3%A9es/Marie_Curie\" title=\"Liste des pages liées qui pointent sur celle-ci [j]\" accesskey=\"j\"><span>Pages liées</span></a></li><li id=\"t-recentchangeslinked\" class=\"mw-list-item\"><a href=\"/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Suivi_des_liens/Marie_Curie\" rel=\"nofollow\" title=\"Liste des modifications récentes des pages appelées par celle-ci [k]\" accesskey=\"k\"><span>Suivi des pages liées</span></a></li><li id=\"t-upload\" class=\"mw-list-item\"><a href=\"//fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aide:Importer_un_fichier\" title=\"Téléverser des fichiers [u]\" accesskey=\"u\"><span>Téléverser un fichier</span></a></li><li id=\"t-permalink\" class=\"mw-list-item\"><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Marie_Curie&amp;oldid=239714602\" title=\"Adresse permanente de cette version de cette page\"><span>Lien permanent</span></a></li><li id=\"t-info\" class=\"mw-list-item\"><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Marie_Curie&amp;action=info\" title=\"Davantage d’informations sur cette page\"><span>Informations sur la page</span></a></li><li id=\"t-cite\" class=\"mw-list-item\"><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:Citer&amp;page=Marie_Curie&amp;id=239714602&amp;wpFormIdentifier=titleform\" title=\"Informations sur la manière de citer cette page\"><span>Citer cette page</span></a></li><li id=\"t-urlshortener\" class=\"mw-list-item\"><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:UrlShortener&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FMarie_Curie\"><span>Obtenir l&#039;URL raccourcie</span></a></li><li id=\"parsermigration-switch-to-legacy\" class=\"mw-list-item\"><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Marie_Curie&amp;useparsoid=0\"><span>Utiliser l&#039;ancien analyseur</span></a></li>\n\t\t</ul>\n\t\t\n\t</div>\n</div>\n\n<div id=\"p-coll-print_export\" class=\"vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export\"  >\n\t<div class=\"vector-menu-heading\">\n\t\tImprimer / exporter\n\t</div>\n\t<div class=\"vector-menu-content\">\n\t\t\n\t\t<ul class=\"vector-menu-content-list\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<li id=\"coll-create_a_book\" class=\"mw-list-item\"><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:Livre&amp;bookcmd=book_creator&amp;referer=Marie+Curie\"><span>Créer un livre</span></a></li><li id=\"coll-download-as-rl\" class=\"mw-list-item\"><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:DownloadAsPdf&amp;page=Marie_Curie&amp;action=show-download-screen\"><span>Télécharger comme PDF</span></a></li><li id=\"t-print\" class=\"mw-list-item\"><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Marie_Curie&amp;printable=yes\" title=\"Version imprimable de cette page [p]\" accesskey=\"p\"><span>Version imprimable</span></a></li>\n\t\t</ul>\n\t\t\n\t</div>\n</div>\n\n<div id=\"p-wikibase-otherprojects\" class=\"vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects\"  >\n\t<div class=\"vector-menu-heading\">\n\t\tDans d’autres projets\n\t</div>\n\t<div class=\"vector-menu-content\">\n\t\t\n\t\t<ul class=\"vector-menu-content-list\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<li class=\"wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-abstract mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://abstract.wikipedia.org/wiki/Q7186\" hreflang=\"en\"><span>Abstract Wikipedia</span></a></li><li class=\"wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Maria_Sk%C5%82odowska-Curie\" hreflang=\"en\"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li class=\"wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikiquote mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://fr.wikiquote.org/wiki/Marie_Curie\" hreflang=\"fr\"><span>Wikiquote</span></a></li><li class=\"wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikisource mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://fr.wikisource.org/wiki/Auteur:Marie_Curie\" hreflang=\"fr\"><span>Wikisource</span></a></li><li id=\"t-wikibase\" class=\"wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q7186\" title=\"Lien vers l’élément dans le dépôt de données connecté [g]\" accesskey=\"g\"><span>Élément Wikidata</span></a></li>\n\t\t</ul>\n\t\t\n\t</div>\n</div>\n\n</div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t</div>\n</div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t</nav>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"vector-column-end no-font-mode-scale\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"vector-sticky-pinned-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<nav class=\"vector-page-tools-landmark\" aria-label=\"Outils de la page\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"vector-page-tools-pinned-container\" class=\"vector-pinned-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t</nav>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<nav class=\"vector-appearance-landmark\" aria-label=\"Apparence\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"vector-appearance-pinned-container\" class=\"vector-pinned-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"vector-appearance\" class=\"vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element\">\n\t<div\n\tclass=\"vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned\"\n\tdata-feature-name=\"appearance-pinned\"\n\tdata-pinnable-element-id=\"vector-appearance\"\n\tdata-pinned-container-id=\"vector-appearance-pinned-container\"\n\tdata-unpinned-container-id=\"vector-appearance-unpinned-container\"\n>\n\t<div class=\"vector-pinnable-header-label\">Apparence</div>\n\t<button class=\"vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button\" data-event-name=\"pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin\" aria-label=\"Move Apparence to sidebar\">déplacer vers la barre latérale</button>\n\t<button class=\"vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button\" data-event-name=\"pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin\" aria-label=\"Hide Apparence\">masquer</button>\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t</nav>\n\t\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"bodyContent\" class=\"vector-body\" aria-labelledby=\"firstHeading\" data-mw-ve-target-container>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"vector-body-before-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"mw-indicators\">\n\t\t<div id=\"mw-indicator-protection-edition\" class=\"mw-indicator\"><div class=\"mw-parser-output\"><div class=\"nopopups\" id=\"mwCZU\"><span class=\"noviewer\" typeof=\"mw:File\" data-mw='{\"caption\":\"Cette page est en semi-protection longue.\"}' id=\"mwCZY\"><a href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Page_en_semi-protection_longue\" data-mw-original-href=\"//fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Page_en_semi-protection_longue\" title=\"Cette page est en semi-protection longue.\" id=\"mwCZc\"><img resource=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fichier:Long-semi-protection-shackle-frwiki.svg\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Long-semi-protection-shackle-frwiki.svg/20px-Long-semi-protection-shackle-frwiki.svg.png?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Long-semi-protection-shackle-frwiki.svg/40px-Long-semi-protection-shackle-frwiki.svg.png?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" alt=\"Cette page est en semi-protection longue.\" data-file-width=\"512\" data-file-height=\"725\" data-file-type=\"drawing\" height=\"21\" width=\"15\" class=\"mw-file-element\" id=\"mwCZg\"/></a></span></div></div></div>\n\t\t</div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"siteSub\" class=\"noprint\">Un article de Wikipédia, l&#039;encyclopédie libre.</div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"contentSub\"><div id=\"mw-content-subtitle\"></div></div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"mw-content-text\" class=\"mw-body-content\"><div class=\"mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output\" lang=\"fr\" dir=\"ltr\" data-mw-parsoid-version=\"0.24.0.0-alpha25\" data-mw-html-version=\"2.8.0\"><section data-mw-section-id=\"0\" id=\"mwAQ\"><p class=\"mw-empty-elt\" id=\"mwAg\"><span typeof=\"mw:Nowiki mw:Transclusion\" about=\"#mwt1\" id=\"mwAw\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"Semi-protection longue\",\"href\":\"./Modèle:Semi-protection_longue\"},\"params\":{},\"i\":0}}]}'></span><meta typeof=\"mw:Extension/indicator\" about=\"#mwt1\" id=\"mwBA\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"indicator\",\"attrs\":{\"name\":\"protection-edition\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"&lt;div class=\\\"nopopups\\\">[[Fichier:Long-semi-protection-shackle-frwiki.svg|15px|link=//fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Page_en_semi-protection_longue|alt=Cette page est en semi-protection longue.|Cette page est en semi-protection longue.|class=noviewer ]]&lt;/div>\"}}'/><link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Catégorie:Page_en_semi-protection_longue\" about=\"#mwt1\" id=\"mwBQ\"/></p>\n<div class=\"bandeau-container metadata homonymie  hatnote\" about=\"#mwt3\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwBg\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"Voir homonymes\",\"href\":\"./Modèle:Voir_homonymes\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"Marie Curie (homonymie)\"},\"2\":{\"wt\":\"Curie\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'><div class=\"bandeau-cell bandeau-icone\" style=\"display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em\"><span class=\"noviewer\" typeof=\"mw:File\"><a href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aide:Homonymie\" title=\"Aide:Homonymie\"><img resource=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fichier:Logo_disambig.svg\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Logo_disambig.svg/20px-Logo_disambig.svg.png?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Logo_disambig.svg/40px-Logo_disambig.svg.png?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" alt=\"Page d’aide sur l’homonymie\" data-file-width=\"512\" data-file-height=\"375\" data-file-type=\"drawing\" height=\"15\" width=\"20\" class=\"mw-file-element\"/></a></span></div><div class=\"bandeau-cell\" style=\"display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em\">\n<p>Pour les articles homonymes, voir <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Curie_(homonymie)\" title=\"Marie Curie (homonymie)\" class=\"mw-disambig\">Marie Curie (homonymie)</a> et <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curie\" title=\"Curie\" class=\"mw-disambig\">Curie</a>.</p>\n</div></div>\n<div class=\"bandeau-container metadata homonymie  hatnote\" about=\"#mwt4\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwBw\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"Voir famille\",\"href\":\"./Modèle:Voir_famille\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"Famille Curie\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'><div class=\"bandeau-cell bandeau-icone\" style=\"display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em\"><span class=\"noviewer\" typeof=\"mw:File\"><a href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aide:Homonymie\" title=\"Aide:Homonymie\"><img resource=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fichier:Logo_disambig.svg\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Logo_disambig.svg/20px-Logo_disambig.svg.png?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Logo_disambig.svg/40px-Logo_disambig.svg.png?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" alt=\"Page d’aide sur l’homonymie\" data-file-width=\"512\" data-file-height=\"375\" data-file-type=\"drawing\" height=\"15\" width=\"20\" class=\"mw-file-element\"/></a></span></div><div class=\"bandeau-cell\" style=\"display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em\">\n<p>Pour les autres membres de la famille, voir <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Famille_Curie\" title=\"Famille Curie\">Famille Curie</a>.</p>\n</div></div>\n<div class=\"infobox_v3 infobox infobox--frwiki noarchive \" style=\"width:280px\" about=\"#mwt5\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwCA\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"Infobox Scientifique\\n \",\"href\":\"./Modèle:Infobox_Scientifique\"},\"params\":{\"charte\":{\"wt\":\"chimie\"},\"nom\":{\"wt\":\"Marie Curie\"},\"image\":{\"wt\":\"Marie Curie c1920.jpg\"},\"légende\":{\"wt\":\"Marie Curie vers 1920.\"},\"date de naissance\":{\"wt\":\"{{date de naissance|7|novembre|1867}}\"},\"nom de naissance\":{\"wt\":\"Maria Salomea Skłodowska\"},\"lieu de naissance\":{\"wt\":\"[[Varsovie]]\"},\"pays de naissance\":{\"wt\":\"[[Royaume du Congrès]], actuelle [[Pologne]]\"},\"date de décès\":{\"wt\":\"{{date de décès|4|juillet|1934|7|novembre|1867\\n}}\"},\"lieu de décès\":{\"wt\":\"[[Passy (Haute-Savoie)|Passy]], [[Haute-Savoie]]\"},\"pays de décès\":{\"wt\":\"[[Troisième République (France)|République française]]\"},\"domicile\":{\"wt\":\"[[Paris]]\"},\"nationalité\":{\"wt\":\"[[Pologne|Polonaise]] par naissance, [[France|Française]] par mariage\"},\"champs\":{\"wt\":\"[[Physique nucléaire]] &lt;br/> [[Radiochimie]] &lt;br/> &lt;small>[[Radiologie médicale|Radiologie]]&lt;/small>\"},\"institutions\":{\"wt\":\"[[École supérieure de physique et de chimie industrielles de la ville de Paris|École municipale de physique et de chimie industrielles de la ville de Paris]], [[Faculté des sciences de Paris|Faculté des sciences]] de l&apos;[[nouvelle université de Paris|université de Paris]], [[Institut du radium]] de l&apos;[[Institut Pasteur]] et de l&apos;[[nouvelle université de Paris|université de Paris]].\"},\"diplôme\":{\"wt\":\"[[Faculté des sciences de Paris]]\"},\"directeur thèse\":{\"wt\":\"\"},\"étudiants thèse\":{\"wt\":\"\"},\"renommée pour\":{\"wt\":\"Travaux sur la [[Radioactivité#Radioactivité naturelle|radioactivité naturelle]] et la découverte du [[radium]] et du [[polonium]]\"},\"prix\":{\"wt\":\"[[Prix Nobel de physique]] [[1903 en science|1903]]&lt;br />[[Prix Acton]] [[1907 en science|1907]]&lt;br />[[Prix Nobel de chimie]] [[1911 en science|1911]]\"},\"notes\":{\"wt\":\"\"},\"signature\":{\"wt\":\"Marie Curie Skłodowska Signature Polish.svg\"},\"conjoint\":{\"wt\":\"[[Pierre Curie]]\"},\"famille\":{\"wt\":\"Enfants :&lt;br>[[Irène Joliot-Curie]]&lt;br>[[Ève Curie]]\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'>\n<div class=\"entete icon chimie\" style=\"background-color: #EEF;  color: #000;\"><span class=\"mw-empty-elt\"><style data-mw-deduplicate=\"TemplateStyles:r224760681\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles\" about=\"#mwt6\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Infobox/Pictogramme/chimie.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"}}'>.mw-parser-output .entete.chimie{background-image:url(\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/ce/Picto_infobox_chemistry_HUN.png\")}</style></span>\n<div>Marie Curie</div>\n</div><div class=\"images \"><span class=\"mw-default-size\" typeof=\"mw:File/Frameless\"><a href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fichier:Marie_Curie_c1920.jpg\" class=\"mw-file-description\"><img resource=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fichier:Marie_Curie_c1920.jpg\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Marie_Curie_c1920.jpg/250px-Marie_Curie_c1920.jpg?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Marie_Curie_c1920.jpg/500px-Marie_Curie_c1920.jpg?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" alt=\"Description de cette image, également commentée ci-après\" data-file-width=\"1460\" data-file-height=\"1984\" data-file-type=\"bitmap\" height=\"340\" width=\"250\" class=\"mw-file-element mw-file-upright\" style=\"--mw-file-upright: 1\"/></a></span> \n</div>\n<div class=\"legend\">Marie Curie vers 1920.</div><table><caption class=\"hidden\" style=\"\">Données clés</caption>\n<tbody><tr>\n<th scope=\"row\" style=\"width:9em;\">Nom de naissance</th>\n<td>\nMaria Salomea Skłodowska</td>\n</tr>\n\n<tr>\n<th scope=\"row\" style=\"width:9em;\">Naissance</th>\n<td>\n<time class=\"nowrap date-lien bday\" datetime=\"1867-11-07\" data-sort-value=\"1867-11-07\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/7_novembre\" title=\"7 novembre\">7</a> <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novembre_1867\" title=\"Novembre 1867\">novembre</a> <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1867_en_science\" title=\"1867 en science\">1867</a></time><br/><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varsovie\" title=\"Varsovie\">Varsovie</a> (<a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royaume_du_Congrès\" title=\"Royaume du Congrès\">Royaume du Congrès</a>, actuelle <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pologne\" title=\"Pologne\">Pologne</a>)</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<th scope=\"row\" style=\"width:9em;\">Décès</th>\n<td>\n<time class=\"nowrap date-lien dday\" datetime=\"1934-07-04\" data-sort-value=\"1934-07-04\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/4_juillet\" title=\"4 juillet\">4</a> <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juillet_1934\" title=\"Juillet 1934\">juillet</a> <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1934_en_science\" title=\"1934 en science\">1934</a></time> (à 66 ans)<br/><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Passy_(Haute-Savoie)\" title=\"Passy (Haute-Savoie)\">Passy</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haute-Savoie\" title=\"Haute-Savoie\">Haute-Savoie</a> (<a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Troisième_République_(France)\" title=\"Troisième République (France)\">République française</a>)</td>\n</tr>\n\n<tr>\n<th scope=\"row\" style=\"width:9em;\">Nationalité</th>\n<td>\n<a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pologne\" title=\"Pologne\">Polonaise</a> par naissance, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/France\" title=\"France\">Française</a> par mariage</td>\n</tr>\n\n\n<tr>\n<th scope=\"row\" style=\"width:9em;\">Conjoint</th>\n<td>\n<a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_Curie\" title=\"Pierre Curie\">Pierre Curie</a></td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<th scope=\"row\" style=\"width:9em;\">Famille</th>\n<td>\nEnfants<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\"> </span>:<br/><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irène_Joliot-Curie\" title=\"Irène Joliot-Curie\">Irène Joliot-Curie</a><br/><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ève_Curie\" title=\"Ève Curie\">Ève Curie</a></td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<th scope=\"row\" style=\"width:9em;\">Résidence</th>\n<td>\n<a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris\" title=\"Paris\">Paris</a></td>\n</tr>\n</tbody></table>\n<div class=\"hr \" style=\"background-color:#EEF; height:1px;\"></div>\n<table><caption class=\"hidden\" style=\"\">Données clés</caption>\n\n<tbody><tr>\n<th scope=\"row\" style=\"width:9em;\">Domaines</th>\n<td>\n<a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physique_nucléaire\" title=\"Physique nucléaire\">Physique nucléaire</a> <br/> <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiochimie\" title=\"Radiochimie\">Radiochimie</a> <br/> <small><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiologie_médicale\" title=\"Radiologie médicale\">Radiologie</a></small></td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<th scope=\"row\" style=\"width:9em;\">Institutions</th>\n<td>\n<a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/École_supérieure_de_physique_et_de_chimie_industrielles_de_la_ville_de_Paris\" title=\"École supérieure de physique et de chimie industrielles de la ville de Paris\">École municipale de physique et de chimie industrielles de la ville de Paris</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faculté_des_sciences_de_Paris\" title=\"Faculté des sciences de Paris\">Faculté des sciences</a> de l'<a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nouvelle_université_de_Paris\" title=\"Nouvelle université de Paris\" class=\"mw-redirect\">université de Paris</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institut_du_radium\" title=\"Institut du radium\">Institut du radium</a> de l'<a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institut_Pasteur\" title=\"Institut Pasteur\">Institut Pasteur</a> et de l'<a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nouvelle_université_de_Paris\" title=\"Nouvelle université de Paris\" class=\"mw-redirect\">université de Paris</a>.</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<th scope=\"row\" style=\"width:9em;\">Diplôme</th>\n<td>\n<a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faculté_des_sciences_de_Paris\" title=\"Faculté des sciences de Paris\">Faculté des sciences de Paris</a></td>\n</tr>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<tr>\n<th scope=\"row\" style=\"width:9em;\">Renommée pour</th>\n<td>\nTravaux sur la <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radioactivité#Radioactivité_naturelle\" title=\"Radioactivité\">radioactivité naturelle</a> et la découverte du <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radium\" title=\"Radium\">radium</a> et du <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polonium\" title=\"Polonium\">polonium</a></td>\n</tr>\n\n\n<tr>\n<th scope=\"row\" style=\"width:9em;\">Distinctions</th>\n<td>\n<a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prix_Nobel_de_physique\" title=\"Prix Nobel de physique\">Prix Nobel de physique</a> <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1903_en_science\" title=\"1903 en science\">1903</a><br/><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prix_Acton\" title=\"Prix Acton\">Prix Acton</a> <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1907_en_science\" title=\"1907 en science\">1907</a><br/><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prix_Nobel_de_chimie\" title=\"Prix Nobel de chimie\">Prix Nobel de chimie</a> <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1911_en_science\" title=\"1911 en science\">1911</a></td>\n</tr>\n\n\n</tbody></table><div class=\"hr \" style=\"background-color:#EEF; height:1px;\"></div>\n<div class=\"images \"><span class=\"mw-default-size\" typeof=\"mw:File/Frameless\"><a href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fichier:Marie_Curie_Skłodowska_Signature_Polish.svg?lang=fr\" class=\"mw-file-description\"><img resource=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fichier:Marie_Curie_Skłodowska_Signature_Polish.svg\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Marie_Curie_Sk%C5%82odowska_Signature_Polish.svg/langfr-250px-Marie_Curie_Sk%C5%82odowska_Signature_Polish.svg.png?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Marie_Curie_Sk%C5%82odowska_Signature_Polish.svg/langfr-500px-Marie_Curie_Sk%C5%82odowska_Signature_Polish.svg.png?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" alt=\"Signature de Marie Curie\" lang=\"fr\" data-file-width=\"919\" data-file-height=\"96\" data-file-type=\"drawing\" height=\"20\" width=\"190\" class=\"mw-file-element mw-file-upright\" style=\"--mw-file-upright: 0.75\"/></a></span> \n</div>\n<p class=\"navbar bordered noprint\" style=\"border-color:#EEF; \"><span class=\"plainlinks navigation-not-searchable\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Marie_Curie&amp;action=edit\" class=\"external text\" data-mw-original-href=\"//fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Marie_Curie&amp;action=edit\">modifier</a></span> <span typeof=\"mw:File\" data-mw='{\"caption\":\"Consultez la documentation du modèle\"}'><a href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modèle:Infobox_Scientifique\" title=\"Consultez la documentation du modèle\"><img resource=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fichier:Info_Simple.svg\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/20px-Info_Simple.svg.png?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/40px-Info_Simple.svg.png?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" alt=\"\" data-file-width=\"512\" data-file-height=\"512\" data-file-type=\"drawing\" height=\"12\" width=\"12\" class=\"mw-file-element\"/></a></span></p></div><span class=\"mw-empty-elt\" about=\"#mwt5\"><link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Catégorie:Article_utilisant_une_Infobox\"/></span>\n\n<p id=\"mwCQ\"><b id=\"mwCg\">Marie Curie</b> (ou <b id=\"mwCw\">Marie Skłodowska-Curie</b>), née le <time class=\"nowrap bday\" datetime=\"1867-11-07\" data-sort-value=\"1867-11-07\" about=\"#mwt7\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwDA\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"date de naissance\",\"href\":\"./Modèle:Date_de_naissance\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"7 novembre 1867\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'>7 novembre 1867</time> à <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varsovie\" title=\"Varsovie\" id=\"mwDQ\">Varsovie</a> (<a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royaume_du_Congrès\" title=\"Royaume du Congrès\" id=\"mwDg\">royaume de Pologne</a>, sous domination <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empire_russe\" title=\"Empire russe\" id=\"mwDw\">russe</a>) et morte le <time class=\"nowrap dday\" datetime=\"1934-07-04\" data-sort-value=\"1934-07-04\" about=\"#mwt8\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwEA\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"date de décès\",\"href\":\"./Modèle:Date_de_décès\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"4 juillet 1934\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'>4 juillet 1934</time> à <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Passy_(Haute-Savoie)\" title=\"Passy (Haute-Savoie)\" id=\"mwEQ\">Passy</a> (<a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haute-Savoie\" title=\"Haute-Savoie\" id=\"mwEg\">Haute-Savoie</a>), dans le sanatorium de <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sancellemoz\" title=\"Sancellemoz\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwEw\">Sancellemoz</a>, est une <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physicien\" title=\"Physicien\" id=\"mwFA\">physicienne</a> et <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chimiste\" title=\"Chimiste\" id=\"mwFQ\">chimiste</a> polonaise, naturalisée française par son mariage avec le physicien <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_Curie\" title=\"Pierre Curie\" id=\"mwFg\">Pierre Curie</a> en <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1895\" title=\"1895\" id=\"mwFw\">1895</a>. Scientifique d'exception, elle est la <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liste_des_premières_femmes_par_fonction_ou_titre\" title=\"Liste des premières femmes par fonction ou titre\" id=\"mwGA\">première</a> <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liste_des_lauréates_du_prix_Nobel\" title=\"Liste des lauréates du prix Nobel\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwGQ\">femme à avoir reçu</a> le <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prix_Nobel\" title=\"Prix Nobel\" id=\"mwGg\">prix Nobel</a> et la seule femme à en avoir reçu deux. Elle reste la seule personne à avoir été récompensée dans deux domaines scientifiques distincts<sup about=\"#mwt9\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-1\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-1\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-1\" id=\"mwGw\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwHA\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwHQ\">[</span>1<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwHg\">]</span></span></a></sup>. Elle est également la première femme lauréate, avec son mari, de la <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Médaille_Davy\" title=\"Médaille Davy\" id=\"mwHw\">médaille Davy</a> de 1903 pour ses travaux sur le radium<sup about=\"#mwt11\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-2\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-2\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-2\" id=\"mwIA\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwIQ\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwIg\">[</span>2<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwIw\">]</span></span></a></sup>. En France, Marie Curie est la première femme à enseigner à la <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sorbonne\" title=\"Sorbonne\" id=\"mwJA\">Sorbonne</a>, et la première femme honorée pour ses propres mérites à reposer au <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panthéon_(Paris)\" title=\"Panthéon (Paris)\" id=\"mwJQ\">Panthéon</a><sup about=\"#mwt13\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-3\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-3\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-3\" id=\"mwJg\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwJw\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwKA\">[</span>3<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwKQ\">]</span></span></a></sup>.</p>\n\n<p id=\"mwKg\">En <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1903\" title=\"1903\" id=\"mwKw\">1903</a>, les époux Curie partagent avec <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henri_Becquerel\" title=\"Henri Becquerel\" id=\"mwLA\">Henri Becquerel</a> le <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prix_Nobel_de_physique\" title=\"Prix Nobel de physique\" id=\"mwLQ\">prix Nobel de physique</a> pour leurs recherches sur les radiations (radioactivité, rayonnement corpusculaire naturel). En 1911, elle obtient le <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prix_Nobel_de_chimie\" title=\"Prix Nobel de chimie\" id=\"mwLg\">prix Nobel de chimie</a> pour ses travaux sur le <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polonium\" title=\"Polonium\" id=\"mwLw\">polonium</a> et le <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radium\" title=\"Radium\" id=\"mwMA\">radium</a>.</p>\n\n<p id=\"mwMQ\">Une partie de ses cahiers d'expérience est conservée à la <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bibliothèque_nationale_de_France\" title=\"Bibliothèque nationale de France\" id=\"mwMg\">Bibliothèque nationale de France</a> et accessible sous forme numérisée<sup about=\"#mwt15\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-4\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-4\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-4\" id=\"mwMw\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwNA\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwNQ\">[</span>4<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwNg\">]</span></span></a></sup>.</p>\n\n<meta property=\"mw:PageProp/toc\" id=\"mwNw\" data-mw='{\"autoGenerated\":true}'/></section><section data-mw-section-id=\"1\" id=\"mwOA\" aria-labelledby=\"Biographie\"><div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading2\"><h2 id=\"Biographie\">Biographie</h2></div>\n<section data-mw-section-id=\"2\" id=\"mwOQ\" aria-labelledby=\"Origines_familiales_et_formation\"><div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading3\"><h3 id=\"Origines_familiales_et_formation\">Origines familiales et formation</h3></div>\n<figure class=\"mw-default-size mw-halign-left\" typeof=\"mw:File/Thumb\" id=\"mwOg\"><a href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fichier:Kamienica_Łyszkiewicza_w_Warszawie_2020.jpg\" class=\"mw-file-description\" id=\"mwOw\"><img resource=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fichier:Kamienica_Łyszkiewicza_w_Warszawie_2020.jpg\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Kamienica_%C5%81yszkiewicza_w_Warszawie_2020.jpg/250px-Kamienica_%C5%81yszkiewicza_w_Warszawie_2020.jpg?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Kamienica_%C5%81yszkiewicza_w_Warszawie_2020.jpg/500px-Kamienica_%C5%81yszkiewicza_w_Warszawie_2020.jpg?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" data-file-width=\"4457\" data-file-height=\"3060\" data-file-type=\"bitmap\" height=\"172\" width=\"250\" class=\"mw-file-element\" id=\"mwPA\"/></a><figcaption id=\"mwPQ\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musée_Maria_Skłodowska-Curie_(Varsovie)\" title=\"Musée Maria Skłodowska-Curie (Varsovie)\" id=\"mwPg\">Maison natale</a> à <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varsovie\" title=\"Varsovie\" id=\"mwPw\">Varsovie</a>.</figcaption></figure>\n\n<p id=\"mwQA\">Maria Salomea Skłodowska (prononcé <span class=\"API nowrap\" title=\"Alphabet phonétique international\" style=\"font-family:'Segoe UI','DejaVu Sans','Lucida Grande','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial Unicode MS','Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro',sans-serif;\" about=\"#mwt16\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwQQ\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"MSAPI\",\"href\":\"./Modèle:MSAPI\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"ˈmarja salɔˈmɛa skwɔˈdɔfska\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">[</span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/API_ˈ\" title=\"API ˈ\" class=\"mw-redirect\"><span title=\"[ˈ] indique que la syllabe ou voyelle suivante porte l'accent tonique.\">ˈ</span></a><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/API_m\" title=\"API m\" class=\"mw-redirect\"><span title=\"[m] « m » dans « mou ».\">m</span></a><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/API_a\" title=\"API a\" class=\"mw-redirect\"><span title=\"[a] « a » dans « patte ».\">a</span></a><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/API_r\" title=\"API r\" class=\"mw-redirect\"><span title=\"[r] « r » roulé.\">r</span></a><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/API_j\" title=\"API j\" class=\"mw-redirect\"><span title=\"[j] « y » dans « payer », « ill » dans « Versailles ».\">j</span></a><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/API_a\" title=\"API a\" class=\"mw-redirect\"><span title=\"[a] « a » dans « patte ».\">a</span></a> <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/API_s\" title=\"API s\" class=\"mw-redirect\"><span title=\"[s] en français « s » dans « sa » ; ailleurs avec la langue un peu plus en arrière (tel le basque : « s » dans « euskara »).\">s</span></a><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/API_a\" title=\"API a\" class=\"mw-redirect\"><span title=\"[a] « a » dans « patte ».\">a</span></a><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/API_l\" title=\"API l\" class=\"mw-redirect\"><span title=\"[l] « l » dans « loup ».\">l</span></a><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/API_ɔ\" title=\"API ɔ\" class=\"mw-redirect\"><span title=\"[ɔ] « o » dans « sort ».\">ɔ</span></a><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/API_ˈ\" title=\"API ˈ\" class=\"mw-redirect\"><span title=\"[ˈ] indique que la syllabe ou voyelle suivante porte l'accent tonique.\">ˈ</span></a><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/API_m\" title=\"API m\" class=\"mw-redirect\"><span title=\"[m] « m » dans « mou ».\">m</span></a><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/API_ɛ\" title=\"API ɛ\" class=\"mw-redirect\"><span title=\"[ɛ] « è » dans « mère ».\">ɛ</span></a><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/API_a\" title=\"API a\" class=\"mw-redirect\"><span title=\"[a] « a » dans « patte ».\">a</span></a> <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/API_s\" title=\"API s\" class=\"mw-redirect\"><span title=\"[s] en français « s » dans « sa » ; ailleurs avec la langue un peu plus en arrière (tel le basque : « s » dans « euskara »).\">s</span></a><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/API_k\" title=\"API k\" class=\"mw-redirect\"><span title=\"[k] « c » dans « cabas ».\">k</span></a><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/API_w\" title=\"API w\" class=\"mw-redirect\"><span title=\"[w] « w » dans « web », « ou » dans « oui ».\">w</span></a><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/API_ɔ\" title=\"API ɔ\" class=\"mw-redirect\"><span title=\"[ɔ] « o » dans « sort ».\">ɔ</span></a><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/API_ˈ\" title=\"API ˈ\" class=\"mw-redirect\"><span title=\"[ˈ] indique que la syllabe ou voyelle suivante porte l'accent tonique.\">ˈ</span></a><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/API_d\" title=\"API d\" class=\"mw-redirect\"><span title=\"[d] en français « d » dans « doux » ; ailleurs avec la langue un peu plus en arrière.\">d</span></a><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/API_ɔ\" title=\"API ɔ\" class=\"mw-redirect\"><span title=\"[ɔ] « o » dans « sort ».\">ɔ</span></a><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/API_f\" title=\"API f\" class=\"mw-redirect\"><span title=\"[f] « f » dans « fête ».\">f</span></a><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/API_s\" title=\"API s\" class=\"mw-redirect\"><span title=\"[s] en français « s » dans « sa » ; ailleurs avec la langue un peu plus en arrière (tel le basque : « s » dans « euskara »).\">s</span></a><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/API_k\" title=\"API k\" class=\"mw-redirect\"><span title=\"[k] « c » dans « cabas ».\">k</span></a><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/API_a\" title=\"API a\" class=\"mw-redirect\"><span title=\"[a] « a » dans « patte ».\">a</span></a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">]</span></span> <sup class=\"noprint\" about=\"#mwt17\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwQg\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"prononciation\",\"href\":\"./Modèle:Prononciation\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"Pl-Maria Skłodowska-Curie.ogg\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'><span class=\"ext-phonos\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/phonos\" about=\"#mwt18\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"phonos\",\"attrs\":{\"file\":\"Pl-Maria Skłodowska-Curie.ogg\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"&lt;small>Écouter&lt;/small>\"}}'><span data-nosnippet=\"\" id=\"ooui-php-1\" class=\"noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-buttonElement-size-medium oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget\" data-ooui='{\"_\":\"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton\",\"href\":\"\\/\\/upload.wikimedia.org\\/wikipedia\\/commons\\/transcoded\\/6\\/68\\/Pl-Maria_Sk%C5%82odowska-Curie.ogg\\/Pl-Maria_Sk%C5%82odowska-Curie.ogg.mp3\",\"rel\":[\"nofollow\"],\"framed\":false,\"icon\":\"volumeUp\",\"label\":{\"html\":\"&lt;small>\\u00c9couter&lt;\\/small>\"},\"data\":{\"ipa\":\"\",\"text\":\"\",\"lang\":\"fr\",\"wikibase\":\"\",\"file\":\"Pl-Maria Sk\\u0142odowska-Curie.ogg\"},\"classes\":[\"noexcerpt\",\"ext-phonos-PhonosButton\"]}'><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" href=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/68/Pl-Maria_Sk%C5%82odowska-Curie.ogg/Pl-Maria_Sk%C5%82odowska-Curie.ogg.mp3\" rel=\"nofollow\" aria-label=\"Lecture audio\" title=\"Lecture audio\" class=\"oo-ui-buttonElement-button\"><span class=\"oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp\"></span><span class=\"oo-ui-labelElement-label\"><small>Écouter</small></span><span class=\"oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator\"></span></a></span><sup class=\"ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable\"><a href=\"/wiki/Fichier:Pl-Maria_Sk%C5%82odowska-Curie.ogg\" title=\"Fichier:Pl-Maria Skłodowska-Curie.ogg\">ⓘ</a></sup></span></sup>) naît à <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varsovie\" title=\"Varsovie\" id=\"mwQw\">Varsovie</a>, capitale du <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royaume_du_Congrès\" title=\"Royaume du Congrès\" id=\"mwRA\">royaume de Pologne</a>, fondé en 1815 par le <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congrès_de_Vienne\" title=\"Congrès de Vienne\" id=\"mwRQ\">congrès de Vienne</a> au profit du tsar <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexandre_Ier_(empereur_de_Russie)\" title=\"Alexandre Ier (empereur de Russie)\" id=\"mwRg\">Alexandre</a> et étroitement lié à l'<a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empire_russe\" title=\"Empire russe\" id=\"mwRw\">Empire russe</a>. À cette époque, à la suite de l'<a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insurrection_polonaise_de_1861-1864\" title=\"Insurrection polonaise de 1861-1864\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwSA\">insurrection polonaise de 1861-1864</a>, la Russie procède au transfert des ministères polonais<sup about=\"#mwt19\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-5\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-5\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-5\" id=\"mwSQ\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwSg\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwSw\">[</span>5<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwTA\">]</span></span></a></sup> de Varsovie à <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Pétersbourg\" title=\"Saint-Pétersbourg\" id=\"mwTQ\">Saint-Pétersbourg</a> et lance une politique de <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russification\" title=\"Russification\" id=\"mwTg\">russification</a> du royaume<sup about=\"#mwt20\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-6\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-6\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-6\" id=\"mwTw\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwUA\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwUQ\">[</span>6<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwUg\">]</span></span></a></sup>.</p>\n\n<p id=\"mwUw\">Son père, issu de la famille <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clan_Dołęga\" title=\"Clan Dołęga\" id=\"mwVA\">Dołęga</a>, est professeur de <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathématiques\" title=\"Mathématiques\" id=\"mwVQ\">mathématiques</a> et de <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physique\" title=\"Physique\" id=\"mwVg\">physique</a><span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\" id=\"mwVw\"> </span>; sa mère est institutrice. Avant Maria, ils ont eu trois filles et un fils<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\" id=\"mwWA\"> </span>: Zofia (1861-1876), <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Józef_Skłodowski\" title=\"Józef Skłodowski\" id=\"mwWQ\">Józef</a> (1863-1937), <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bronia_Dluska\" title=\"Bronia Dluska\" id=\"mwWg\">Bronisława (Bronia)</a> (1865-1939)<sup about=\"#mwt22\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-7\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-7\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-7\" id=\"mwWw\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwXA\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwXQ\">[</span>7<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwXg\">]</span></span></a></sup> et <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helena_Szalay\" title=\"Helena Szalay\" id=\"mwXw\">Helena</a> (1866-1961).</p>\n\n<p id=\"mwYA\">En l’espace de deux années, elle perd sa sœur Zofia, morte du <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Typhus\" title=\"Typhus\" id=\"mwYQ\">typhus</a> en <time class=\"nowrap\" datetime=\"1876-01\" data-sort-value=\"1876-01\" about=\"#mwt23\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwYg\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"date\",\"href\":\"./Modèle:Date\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"janvier 1876\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'>janvier 1876</time>, et sa mère, qui succombe à la <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuberculose_humaine\" title=\"Tuberculose humaine\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwYw\">tuberculose</a> le <time class=\"nowrap\" datetime=\"1878-05-09\" data-sort-value=\"1878-05-09\" about=\"#mwt24\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwZA\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"date\",\"href\":\"./Modèle:Date\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"9 mai 1878\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'>9 mai 1878</time>. Elle se réfugie alors dans les études, où elle excelle dans toutes les matières, et où la note maximale lui est accordée<sup about=\"#mwt26\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-8\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-8\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-8\" id=\"mwZQ\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwZg\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwZw\">[</span>8<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwaA\">]</span></span></a></sup>. Elle obtient ainsi son diplôme de fin d’études secondaires avec la médaille d’or en <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1883\" title=\"1883\" id=\"mwaQ\">1883</a>. Elle adhère à la doctrine <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Positivisme\" title=\"Positivisme\" id=\"mwag\">positiviste</a> d'<a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auguste_Comte\" title=\"Auguste Comte\" id=\"mwaw\">Auguste Comte</a> et rejoint l'<a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Université_volante\" title=\"Université volante\" id=\"mwbA\">Université volante</a><sup about=\"#mwt28\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-:1_9-0\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{\"name\":\":1\"},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-:1-9\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-:1-9\" id=\"mwbQ\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwbg\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwbw\">[</span>9<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwcA\">]</span></span></a></sup>, organisation clandestine qui pratique l'éducation des masses en polonais, en réaction à la politique de <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russification\" title=\"Russification\" id=\"mwcQ\">russification</a>.</p>\n\n<p id=\"mwcg\">Le père de Maria est athée, sa mère <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholicisme\" title=\"Catholicisme\" id=\"mwcw\">catholique</a> fervente<sup about=\"#mwt30\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-Barker2011_10-0\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{\"name\":\"Barker2011\"},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-Barker2011-10\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-Barker2011-10\" id=\"mwdA\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwdQ\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwdg\">[</span>10<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwdw\">]</span></span></a></sup>. Les décès de sa sœur Zofia puis de sa mère lui font perdre sa foi dans la religion catholique<sup about=\"#mwt32\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-11\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-11\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-11\" id=\"mweA\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mweQ\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mweg\">[</span>11<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwew\">]</span></span></a></sup> et l'amène à devenir <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agnostique\" title=\"Agnostique\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwfA\">agnostique</a><sup about=\"#mwt34\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-Reid1974a_12-0\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{\"name\":\"Reid1974a\"},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-Reid1974a-12\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-Reid1974a-12\" id=\"mwfQ\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwfg\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwfw\">[</span>12<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwgA\">]</span></span></a></sup>.</p>\n\n<p id=\"mwgQ\">Maria souhaite faire des études supérieures mais aucune université n'est alors ouverte aux femmes en Pologne<sup about=\"#mwt36\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-13\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-13\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-13\" id=\"mwgg\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwgw\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwhA\">[</span>13<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwhQ\">]</span></span></a></sup>. Lorsque sa sœur Bronia part à Paris étudier la médecine, Maria s'engage comme gouvernante dans une famille de province, pour financer un projet similaire. À ce moment-là, elle a l'intention de revenir ensuite en Pologne pour enseigner, éventuellement dans le cadre de l'Université volante. Au bout de trois ans, elle rentre à <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varsovie\" title=\"Varsovie\" id=\"mwhg\">Varsovie</a>, où un cousin lui permet d'entrer dans un laboratoire<sup about=\"#mwt38\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-14\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-14\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-14\" id=\"mwhw\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwiA\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwiQ\">[</span>14<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwig\">]</span></span></a></sup>.</p>\n<div class=\"clear\" style=\"clear:left;\" about=\"#mwt39\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwiw\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"clr\",\"href\":\"./Modèle:Clr\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"left\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'></div>\n\n</section><section data-mw-section-id=\"3\" id=\"mwjA\" aria-labelledby=\"Études_supérieures_à_Paris_(1891-1894)\"><div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading3\"><h3 id=\"Études_supérieures_à_Paris_(1891-1894)\"><span id=\".C3.89tudes_sup.C3.A9rieures_.C3.A0_Paris_.281891-1894.29\" typeof=\"mw:FallbackId\"></span>Études supérieures à Paris (1891-1894)</h3></div>\n<p id=\"mwjQ\">Marie Curie part pour Paris en <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1891\" title=\"1891\" id=\"mwjg\">1891</a>, où elle est hébergée par sa sœur et son beau-frère, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avenue_Jean-Jaurès_(Paris)\" title=\"Avenue Jean-Jaurès (Paris)\" id=\"mwjw\">rue d'Allemagne</a>, non loin de la <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gare_de_Paris-Nord\" title=\"Gare de Paris-Nord\" id=\"mwkA\">gare du Nord</a>. Le <time class=\"nowrap\" datetime=\"1891-11-03\" data-sort-value=\"1891-11-03\" about=\"#mwt40\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwkQ\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"date\",\"href\":\"./Modèle:Date\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"3 novembre 1891\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'>3 novembre 1891</time>, elle s'inscrit pour des études de <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physique\" title=\"Physique\" id=\"mwkg\">physique</a> à la <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faculté_des_sciences_de_Paris\" title=\"Faculté des sciences de Paris\" id=\"mwkw\">faculté des sciences de Paris</a>. Parmi les <span class=\"nowrap\" about=\"#mwt41\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwlA\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"nobr\",\"href\":\"./Modèle:Nobr\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"776 étudiants\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'>776 étudiants</span> de la faculté des sciences en <time class=\"nowrap\" datetime=\"1895-01\" data-sort-value=\"1895-01\" about=\"#mwt42\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwlQ\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"date\",\"href\":\"./Modèle:Date\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"janvier 1895\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'>janvier 1895</time>, il n'y a que <span class=\"nowrap\" about=\"#mwt43\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwlg\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"nobr\",\"href\":\"./Modèle:Nobr\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"27 femmes\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'>27 femmes</span><sup about=\"#mwt45\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-15\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-15\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-15\" id=\"mwlw\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwmA\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwmQ\">[</span>15<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwmg\">]</span></span></a></sup>, dont seulement sept étrangères, alors qu'en médecine, la plupart des étudiantes sont étrangères.</p>\n\n<p id=\"mwmw\">En <time class=\"nowrap\" datetime=\"1892-03\" data-sort-value=\"1892-03\" about=\"#mwt46\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwnA\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"date\",\"href\":\"./Modèle:Date\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"mars 1892\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'>mars 1892</time>, elle déménage dans une chambre meublée de la <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rue_Flatters\" title=\"Rue Flatters\" id=\"mwnQ\">rue Flatters</a> dans le <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quartier_latin_(Paris)\" title=\"Quartier latin (Paris)\" id=\"mwng\">Quartier latin</a>, plus calme et plus proche des installations de la faculté. Elle suit les cours des physiciens <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmond_Bouty\" title=\"Edmond Bouty\" id=\"mwnw\">Edmond Bouty</a> et <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabriel_Lippmann\" title=\"Gabriel Lippmann\" id=\"mwoA\">Gabriel Lippmann</a> et des mathématiciens <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Painlevé\" title=\"Paul Painlevé\" id=\"mwoQ\">Paul Painlevé</a> et <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Appell\" title=\"Paul Appell\" id=\"mwog\">Paul Appell</a>.</p>\n\n<p id=\"mwow\">En <time class=\"nowrap\" datetime=\"1893-07\" data-sort-value=\"1893-07\" about=\"#mwt47\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwpA\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"date\",\"href\":\"./Modèle:Date\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"juillet 1893\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'>juillet 1893</time>, elle est reçue première de sa promotion à la <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Licence_(France)\" title=\"Licence (France)\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwpQ\">licence</a> de physique. Pendant l'été, une bourse d'études de <span about=\"#mwt48\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwpg\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"unité\",\"href\":\"./Modèle:Unité\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"600\"},\"2\":{\"wt\":\"roubles\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'>600 roubles</span> lui est accordée, qui lui permet de poursuivre des études en mathématiques. En <time class=\"nowrap\" datetime=\"1894-07\" data-sort-value=\"1894-07\" about=\"#mwt49\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwpw\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"date\",\"href\":\"./Modèle:Date\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"juillet 1894\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'>juillet 1894</time>, elle est reçue seconde à la <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Licence_(France)\" title=\"Licence (France)\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwqA\">licence</a> de mathématiques. Elle envisage alors un retour en Pologne<sup about=\"#mwt51\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-Pigeard_16-0\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{\"name\":\"Pigeard\"},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-Pigeard-16\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-Pigeard-16\" id=\"mwqQ\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwqg\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwqw\">[</span>16<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwrA\">]</span></span></a></sup>.</p>\n\n</section><section data-mw-section-id=\"4\" id=\"mwrQ\" aria-labelledby=\"Rencontre_et_mariage_avec_Pierre_Curie\"><div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading3\"><h3 id=\"Rencontre_et_mariage_avec_Pierre_Curie\">Rencontre et mariage avec Pierre Curie</h3></div>\n<p id=\"mwrg\">Depuis le début de l'année <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1894\" title=\"1894\" id=\"mwrw\">1894</a>, elle travaille aussi dans le laboratoire des recherches physiques de <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabriel_Lippmann\" title=\"Gabriel Lippmann\" id=\"mwsA\">Gabriel Lippmann</a>, au sein duquel la <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Société_d'encouragement_pour_l'industrie_nationale\" title=\"Société d'encouragement pour l'industrie nationale\" id=\"mwsQ\">Société d'encouragement pour l'industrie nationale</a> lui confie des recherches sur les propriétés magnétiques de différents aciers. Elle y travaille dans des conditions spartiates et recherche donc une façon de mener à bien ses travaux. Le professeur Józef Kowalski de l'université de Fribourg lui fait alors rencontrer <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_Curie\" title=\"Pierre Curie\" id=\"mwsg\">Pierre Curie</a>, chef des travaux de physique à l'<a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/École_supérieure_de_physique_et_de_chimie_industrielles_de_la_ville_de_Paris\" title=\"École supérieure de physique et de chimie industrielles de la ville de Paris\" id=\"mwsw\">École municipale de physique et de chimie industrielles</a> qui étudie également le <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnétisme\" title=\"Magnétisme\" id=\"mwtA\">magnétisme</a>. Elle va finir par accepter de travailler avec lui, et, durant cette collaboration, se développe une inclination mutuelle.</p>\n\n<p id=\"mwtQ\">Marie rentre tout de même à Varsovie en 1895, pour se rapprocher des siens et dans le but d'enseigner et de participer à l'émancipation de la <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pologne\" title=\"Pologne\" id=\"mwtg\">Pologne</a>. Mais lorsque Pierre lui demande de revenir à Paris et de devenir son épouse, elle accepte<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\" id=\"mwtw\"> </span>: ils se marient à <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sceaux_(Hauts-de-Seine)\" title=\"Sceaux (Hauts-de-Seine)\" id=\"mwuA\">Sceaux</a>, le <time class=\"nowrap\" datetime=\"1895-07-26\" data-sort-value=\"1895-07-26\" about=\"#mwt52\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwuQ\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"date\",\"href\":\"./Modèle:Date\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"26 juillet 1895\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'>26 juillet 1895</time>.</p>\n\n<p id=\"mwug\">L'année suivante, elle prépare à la faculté l'<a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concours_d'agrégation_en_France\" title=\"Concours d'agrégation en France\" id=\"mwuw\">agrégation</a> pour l'enseignement des jeunes filles, section mathématiques. En parallèle, Marie <span class=\"lang-pl\" lang=\"pl\" about=\"#mwt53\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwvA\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"langue\",\"href\":\"./Modèle:Langue\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"pl\"},\"2\":{\"wt\":\"Skłodowska\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'>Skłodowska</span>, désormais Curie, suit les cours de <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marcel_Brillouin\" title=\"Marcel Brillouin\" id=\"mwvQ\">Marcel Brillouin</a><sup about=\"#mwt55\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-17\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-17\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-17\" id=\"mwvg\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwvw\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwwA\">[</span>17<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwwQ\">]</span></span></a></sup><span typeof=\"mw:Nowiki mw:Transclusion\" about=\"#mwt54\" id=\"mwwg\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"refinc\",\"href\":\"./Modèle:Refinc\"},\"params\":{\"date\":{\"wt\":\"mars 2021\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'></span><sup class=\"need_ref_tag\" style=\"padding-left:2px;\" about=\"#mwt54\" id=\"mwww\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aide:Référence_incomplète\" title=\"Aide:Référence incomplète\">[réf.<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>incomplète]</a></sup> et documente ses premiers travaux de recherche sur les aciers. En 1896, elle est reçue première à l'agrégation<sup about=\"#mwt56\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-18\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-18\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-18\" id=\"mwxA\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwxQ\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwxg\">[</span>18<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwxw\">]</span></span></a></sup>. Elle ne prend cependant pas de poste dans l'enseignement secondaire, souhaitant travailler à une thèse de doctorat.</p>\n\n<p id=\"mwyA\">Le <time class=\"nowrap\" datetime=\"1897-09-12\" data-sort-value=\"1897-09-12\" about=\"#mwt57\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwyQ\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"date\",\"href\":\"./Modèle:Date\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"12 septembre 1897\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'>12 septembre 1897</time>, elle donne naissance à sa première fille, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irène_Joliot-Curie\" title=\"Irène Joliot-Curie\" id=\"mwyg\">Irène</a>.</p>\n\n</section><section data-mw-section-id=\"5\" id=\"mwyw\" aria-labelledby=\"Thèse_de_doctorat_et_découverte_du_radium\"><div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading3\"><h3 id=\"Thèse_de_doctorat_et_découverte_du_radium\"><span id=\"Th.C3.A8se_de_doctorat_et_d.C3.A9couverte_du_radium\" typeof=\"mw:FallbackId\"></span>Thèse de doctorat et découverte du radium</h3></div>\n<figure class=\"mw-default-size\" typeof=\"mw:File/Thumb\" id=\"mwzA\"><a href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fichier:Marie_Curie-Theses_1903.jpg\" class=\"mw-file-description\" id=\"mwzQ\"><img resource=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fichier:Marie_Curie-Theses_1903.jpg\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Marie_Curie-Theses_1903.jpg/250px-Marie_Curie-Theses_1903.jpg?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Marie_Curie-Theses_1903.jpg/500px-Marie_Curie-Theses_1903.jpg?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" data-file-width=\"600\" data-file-height=\"907\" data-file-type=\"bitmap\" height=\"287\" width=\"190\" class=\"mw-file-element mw-file-upright\" style=\"--mw-file-upright: 0.75\" id=\"mwzg\"/></a><figcaption id=\"mwzw\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doctorat\" title=\"Doctorat\" id=\"mw0A\">Thèse de doctorat</a> de Marie Curie.</figcaption></figure>\n<p id=\"mw0Q\">La découverte des <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rayon_X\" title=\"Rayon X\" id=\"mw0g\">rayons X</a> par <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelm_Röntgen\" title=\"Wilhelm Röntgen\" id=\"mw0w\">Wilhelm Röntgen</a> en 1895 éveille un grand intérêt dans la <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communauté_scientifique\" title=\"Communauté scientifique\" id=\"mw1A\">communauté scientifique</a> et donne lieu à de nombreuses activités de recherche. En revanche, les <i id=\"mw1Q\">rayons de Becquerel</i>, découverts par <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henri_Becquerel\" title=\"Henri Becquerel\" id=\"mw1g\">Henri Becquerel</a>, n'ont pas encore fait naître un tel enthousiasme. Marie Curie, qui cherche alors un sujet de <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doctorat\" title=\"Doctorat\" id=\"mw1w\">thèse de doctorat</a>, choisit de se consacrer à l'étude de ces rayonnements. Elle commence en 1897 ses travaux de thèse sur l'étude des rayonnements produits par l'<a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uranium\" title=\"Uranium\" id=\"mw2A\">uranium</a>, à ce moment-là encore appelés <i id=\"mw2Q\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rayons_uraniques\" title=\"Rayons uraniques\" id=\"mw2g\">rayons uraniques</a></i> car on les croit spécifiques à cet élément<sup about=\"#mwt59\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-19\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-19\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-19\" id=\"mw2w\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mw3A\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mw3Q\">[</span>19<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mw3g\">]</span></span></a></sup> jusqu'à ce qu'elle découvre la radioactivité du <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thorium\" title=\"Thorium\" id=\"mw3w\">thorium</a>, peu après <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerhard_Carl_Schmidt\" title=\"Gerhard Carl Schmidt\" id=\"mw4A\">Gerhard Carl Schmidt</a><sup about=\"#mwt61\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-20\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-20\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-20\" id=\"mw4Q\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mw4g\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mw4w\">[</span>20<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mw5A\">]</span></span></a></sup>.</p>\n\n<p id=\"mw5Q\">Elle s'attache à quantifier les capacités ionisantes des sels d'uranium, dans un atelier rudimentaire, mis à sa disposition par le directeur de l'<a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/École_supérieure_de_physique_et_de_chimie_industrielles_de_la_ville_de_Paris\" title=\"École supérieure de physique et de chimie industrielles de la ville de Paris\" id=\"mw5g\">École municipale de physique et de chimie industrielles</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Schützenberger\" title=\"Paul Schützenberger\" id=\"mw5w\">Paul Schützenberger</a>. En décembre, elle élabore un protocole d'expérience, utilisant comme banc de mesure l'<a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Électromètre\" title=\"Électromètre\" id=\"mw6A\">électromètre</a> <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piézoélectricité\" title=\"Piézoélectricité\" id=\"mw6Q\">piézoélectrique</a> élaboré par son mari Pierre Curie et son beau-frère <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_Curie\" title=\"Jacques Curie\" id=\"mw6g\">Jacques Curie</a><sup about=\"#mwt62\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-Pigeard_16-1\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{\"name\":\"Pigeard\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-Pigeard-16\" id=\"mw6w\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mw7A\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mw7Q\">[</span>16<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mw7g\">]</span></span></a></sup>, instrumentation qui permet de mesurer avec une grande précision l'effet des rayonnements sur l'ionisation de l'air. De cette façon, Marie Curie examine de nombreux métaux, sels et minéraux contenant de l'uranium, qui lui sont fournis par <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henri_Moissan\" title=\"Henri Moissan\" id=\"mw7w\">Henri Moissan</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexandre_Étard\" title=\"Alexandre Étard\" id=\"mw8A\">Alexandre Léon Étard</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Lacroix\" title=\"Alfred Lacroix\" id=\"mw8Q\">Antoine Lacroix</a> et <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eugène_Anatole_Demarçay\" title=\"Eugène Anatole Demarçay\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mw8g\">Eugène Anatole Demarçay</a>.</p>\n\n<p id=\"mw8w\">Elle montre ainsi que la <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pechblende\" title=\"Pechblende\" id=\"mw9A\">pechblende</a> et la <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torbernite\" title=\"Torbernite\" id=\"mw9Q\">chalcolite</a> sont respectivement quatre et deux fois plus actives que l'<a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uranium\" title=\"Uranium\" id=\"mw9g\">uranium</a>. L'activité mesurée s'avère également indépendante de l'état des matériaux étudiés, mais dépend de la proportion d'uranium qu'ils contiennent. L'analyse d'un échantillon de chalcolite artificielle permet de confirmer ces découvertes et Marie Curie en déduit que les «<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\" id=\"mw9w\"> </span>rayons de Becquerel<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\" id=\"mw-A\"> </span>» sont une propriété de l'atome et non une propriété chimique. Ses résultats sont présentés le <time class=\"nowrap\" datetime=\"1898-04-12\" data-sort-value=\"1898-04-12\" about=\"#mwt63\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mw-Q\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"date\",\"href\":\"./Modèle:Date\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"12 avril 1898\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'>12 avril 1898</time> par <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabriel_Lippmann\" title=\"Gabriel Lippmann\" id=\"mw-g\">Gabriel Lippmann</a> à l'<a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Académie_des_sciences_(France)\" title=\"Académie des sciences (France)\" id=\"mw-w\">Académie des sciences</a>.</p>\n\n<p id=\"mw_A\">Marie Curie obtient en 1898 le <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prix_Gegner_de_l'Académie_des_sciences\" title=\"Prix Gegner de l'Académie des sciences\" id=\"mw_Q\">prix Gegner</a><sup about=\"#mwt67\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-21\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-21\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-21\" id=\"mw_g\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mw_w\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAQA\">[</span>21<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAQE\">]</span></span></a></sup><sup class=\"reference cite_virgule\" about=\"#mwt64\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwAQI\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\",\",\"href\":\"./Modèle:,\"},\"params\":{},\"i\":0}}]}'>,</sup><sup about=\"#mwt70\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-22\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-22\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-22\" id=\"mwAQM\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwAQQ\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAQU\">[</span>22<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAQY\">]</span></span></a></sup> de l'Académie des sciences, d'un montant de <span about=\"#mwt65\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwAQc\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"unité\",\"href\":\"./Modèle:Unité\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"4000\"},\"2\":{\"wt\":\"[[Franc (unité monétaire)|francs]]\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'>4 000 </span><abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"francs\" about=\"#mwt65\" id=\"mwAQg\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franc_(unité_monétaire)\" title=\"Franc (unité monétaire)\">francs</a></abbr><sup about=\"#mwt72\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-23\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-23\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-23\" id=\"mwAQk\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwAQo\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAQs\">[</span>23<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAQw\">]</span></span></a></sup>, pour ses travaux sur les propriétés magnétiques des métaux. Elle obtiendra à nouveau ce prix à deux reprises, en <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900\" title=\"1900\" id=\"mwAQ0\">1900</a> et en <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1902\" title=\"1902\" id=\"mwAQ4\">1902</a>.</p>\n\n<figure class=\"mw-default-size mw-halign-left\" typeof=\"mw:File/Thumb\" id=\"mwAQ8\"><a href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fichier:Pierre_and_Marie_Curie.jpg\" class=\"mw-file-description\" id=\"mwARA\"><img resource=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fichier:Pierre_and_Marie_Curie.jpg\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Pierre_and_Marie_Curie.jpg/250px-Pierre_and_Marie_Curie.jpg?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Pierre_and_Marie_Curie.jpg/500px-Pierre_and_Marie_Curie.jpg?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" data-file-width=\"2163\" data-file-height=\"1740\" data-file-type=\"bitmap\" height=\"201\" width=\"250\" class=\"mw-file-element\" id=\"mwARE\"/></a><figcaption id=\"mwARI\">Pierre et Marie Curie dans leur laboratoire de fortune de l’<a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/École_supérieure_de_physique_et_de_chimie_industrielles_de_la_ville_de_Paris\" title=\"École supérieure de physique et de chimie industrielles de la ville de Paris\" id=\"mwARM\">École municipale de physique et de chimie industrielles</a>, vers 1906.</figcaption></figure>\n\n<p id=\"mwARQ\">En 1898, Pierre laisse de côté ses travaux sur la <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piézoélectricité\" title=\"Piézoélectricité\" id=\"mwARU\">piézoélectricité</a> pour rejoindre son épouse sur son étude de la <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radioactivité\" title=\"Radioactivité\" id=\"mwARY\">radioactivité</a>. Leur but est d'isoler des roches radioactives les éléments à l’origine du rayonnement inconnu. Grâce à un financement inespéré, ils font venir de <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jáchymov\" title=\"Jáchymov\" id=\"mwARc\">Joachimsthal</a>, en <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bohême\" title=\"Bohême\" id=\"mwARg\">Bohême</a>, quelques tonnes de <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pechblende\" title=\"Pechblende\" id=\"mwARk\">pechblende</a> dans leur laboratoire parisien<sup about=\"#mwt76\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-24\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-24\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-24\" id=\"mwARo\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwARs\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwARw\">[</span>24<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAR0\">]</span></span></a></sup>. Le raffinage du minerai, procédé dangereux, exigeant la plus grande précision, est réalisé sous la direction de <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustave_Bémont\" title=\"Gustave Bémont\" id=\"mwAR4\">Gustave Bémont</a>, chimiste et chef des travaux du laboratoire, dans un hangar qui se trouve à côté de l’atelier, séparé uniquement par une cour. Ils découvrent effectivement deux nouveaux éléments. Le <time class=\"nowrap\" datetime=\"07-18\" data-sort-value=\"07-18\" about=\"#mwt73\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwAR8\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"date\",\"href\":\"./Modèle:Date\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"18 juillet\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'>18 juillet</time>, Marie Curie annonce la découverte d'un nouvel élément, le <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polonium\" title=\"Polonium\" id=\"mwASA\">polonium</a>, présent dans la substance raffinée, issue de la pechblende, qui est quatre cents fois plus <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radioactivité\" title=\"Radioactivité\" id=\"mwASE\">radioactive</a> que l'uranium<sup about=\"#mwt77\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-25\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-25\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-25\" id=\"mwASI\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwASM\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwASQ\">[</span>25<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwASU\">]</span></span></a></sup>. L'élément est nommé ainsi par l'<a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Académie_des_sciences_(France)\" title=\"Académie des sciences (France)\" id=\"mwASY\">Académie des sciences</a> en référence à son pays d’origine, la Pologne<sup about=\"#mwt79\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-26\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-26\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-26\" id=\"mwASc\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwASg\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwASk\">[</span>26<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwASo\">]</span></span></a></sup>.</p>\n\n<p id=\"mwASs\">Le <time class=\"nowrap\" datetime=\"1898-12-26\" data-sort-value=\"1898-12-26\" about=\"#mwt80\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwASw\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"date\",\"href\":\"./Modèle:Date\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"26 décembre 1898-\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'>26 décembre</time> 1898, avec <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustave_Bémont\" title=\"Gustave Bémont\" id=\"mwAS0\">Gustave Bémont</a>, elle annonce la découverte du <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radium\" title=\"Radium\" id=\"mwAS4\">radium</a><sup about=\"#mwt83\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-27\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-27\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-27\" id=\"mwAS8\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwATA\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwATE\">[</span>27<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwATI\">]</span></span></a></sup>. Il aura fallu traiter plusieurs tonnes de pechblende pour obtenir moins d’un gramme de chlorure, encore impur, de cet élément (mêlé à du <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baryum\" title=\"Baryum\" id=\"mwATM\">baryum</a>). Ces extractions, faites à partir de tonnes de minerai, sont effectuées dans des conditions difficiles, dans des locaux dépourvus de tout chauffage ou confort. Le chimiste allemand <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelm_Ostwald\" title=\"Wilhelm Ostwald\" id=\"mwATQ\">Wilhelm Ostwald</a>, visitant le lieu de travail de Pierre et Marie Curie, déclare<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\" id=\"mwATU\"> </span>: <span class=\"citation\" about=\"#mwt81\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwATY\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"citation\",\"href\":\"./Modèle:Citation\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"Ce laboratoire tenait à la fois de l’étable et du hangar à pommes de terre. Si je n’y avais pas vu des appareils de chimie, j’aurais cru que l’on se moquait de moi\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'>«<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\"> </span>Ce laboratoire tenait à la fois de l’étable et du hangar à pommes de terre. Si je n’y avais pas vu des appareils de chimie, j’aurais cru que l’on se moquait de moi<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\"> </span>»</span>.</p>\n\n<p id=\"mwATc\">Le <time class=\"nowrap\" datetime=\"1900-10-26\" data-sort-value=\"1900-10-26\" about=\"#mwt84\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwATg\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"date\",\"href\":\"./Modèle:Date\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"26 octobre 1900\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'>26 octobre 1900</time>, elle est nommée chargée des conférences de physique de <abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"Première\" about=\"#mwt85\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwATk\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"1re\",\"href\":\"./Modèle:1re\"},\"params\":{},\"i\":0}}]}'>1<sup>re</sup></abbr> et <abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"Deuxième\" about=\"#mwt86\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwATo\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"2e\",\"href\":\"./Modèle:2e\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"années\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'>2<sup>e</sup></abbr><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" about=\"#mwt86\"> </span><span about=\"#mwt86\">années</span> à l’<a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/École_normale_supérieure_de_jeunes_filles\" title=\"École normale supérieure de jeunes filles\" id=\"mwATs\">École normale supérieure d'enseignement secondaire des jeunes filles</a> (<a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sèvres\" title=\"Sèvres\" id=\"mwATw\">Sèvres</a>).</p>\n\n<p id=\"mwAT0\">En <time class=\"nowrap\" datetime=\"1902-07\" data-sort-value=\"1902-07\" about=\"#mwt87\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwAT4\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"date\",\"href\":\"./Modèle:Date\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"juillet 1902\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'>juillet 1902</time>, elle obtient un <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilogramme\" title=\"Kilogramme\" id=\"mwAT8\">décigramme</a> de <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chlorure_de_radium\" title=\"Chlorure de radium\" id=\"mwAUA\">chlorure de radium</a>, qui lui permet d'identifier la position de cet élément dans le <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tableau_périodique_des_éléments\" title=\"Tableau périodique des éléments\" id=\"mwAUE\">tableau de Mendeleïev</a>. Elle soutient sa thèse de doctorat en sciences physiques, intitulée <i id=\"mwAUI\">Recherches sur les substances radioactives</i>, le <time class=\"nowrap\" datetime=\"1903-06-25\" data-sort-value=\"1903-06-25\" about=\"#mwt88\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwAUM\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"date\",\"href\":\"./Modèle:Date\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"25 juin 1903\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'>25 juin 1903</time>, devant la faculté des sciences de l'université de Paris<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\" id=\"mwAUQ\"> </span>; elle obtient la mention «<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\" id=\"mwAUU\"> </span>très honorable<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\" id=\"mwAUY\"> </span>»<sup about=\"#mwt89\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-28\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-28\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-28\" id=\"mwAUc\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwAUg\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAUk\">[</span>28<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAUo\">]</span></span></a></sup>.</p>\n\n<figure class=\"mw-default-size\" typeof=\"mw:File/Thumb\" id=\"mwAUs\"><a href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fichier:Nobel_Pierre_et_Marie_Curie_1.jpg\" class=\"mw-file-description\" id=\"mwAUw\"><img resource=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fichier:Nobel_Pierre_et_Marie_Curie_1.jpg\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Nobel_Pierre_et_Marie_Curie_1.jpg/250px-Nobel_Pierre_et_Marie_Curie_1.jpg?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Nobel_Pierre_et_Marie_Curie_1.jpg/500px-Nobel_Pierre_et_Marie_Curie_1.jpg?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" data-file-width=\"9277\" data-file-height=\"6253\" data-file-type=\"bitmap\" height=\"169\" width=\"250\" class=\"mw-file-element\" id=\"mwAU0\"/></a><figcaption id=\"mwAU4\">Le diplôme du prix Nobel de Physique 1903 dont elle partage une moitié avec son mari <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_Curie\" title=\"Pierre Curie\" id=\"mwAU8\">Pierre Curie</a>, l'autre moitié étant attribuée à <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henri_Becquerel\" title=\"Henri Becquerel\" id=\"mwAVA\">Henri Becquerel</a>.</figcaption></figure>\n\n<p id=\"mwAVE\">Le <time class=\"nowrap\" datetime=\"1903-12-10\" data-sort-value=\"1903-12-10\" about=\"#mwt90\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwAVI\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"date\",\"href\":\"./Modèle:Date\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"10 décembre 1903\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'>10 décembre 1903</time>, Marie Curie reçoit avec son mari Pierre Curie et <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henri_Becquerel\" title=\"Henri Becquerel\" id=\"mwAVM\">Henri Becquerel</a>, le <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prix_Nobel_de_physique\" title=\"Prix Nobel de physique\" id=\"mwAVQ\">prix Nobel de physique</a> <span class=\"citation\" about=\"#mwt91\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwAVU\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"Citation\",\"href\":\"./Modèle:Citation\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"en reconnaissance de leurs services rendus, par leur recherche commune sur le phénomène des radiations découvert par le professeur Henri Becquerel\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'>«<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\"> </span>en reconnaissance de leurs services rendus, par leur recherche commune sur le phénomène des radiations découvert par le professeur Henri Becquerel<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\"> </span>»</span><sup about=\"#mwt93\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-laureat_Nobel_1903_29-0\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{\"name\":\"laureat_Nobel_1903\"},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-laureat_Nobel_1903-29\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-laureat_Nobel_1903-29\" id=\"mwAVY\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwAVc\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAVg\">[</span>29<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAVk\">]</span></span></a></sup>. Pour des raisons de santé, Pierre et Marie Curie devront attendre près d'un an avant de pouvoir se déplacer à <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stockholm\" title=\"Stockholm\" id=\"mwAVo\">Stockholm</a> et d'aller y chercher le prix.</p>\n\n<p id=\"mwAVs\">Marie Curie est la première femme à recevoir un prix Nobel et les archives du comité Nobel montrent que la proposition transmise par l'Académie des sciences française ne contenait que les noms d'Henri Becquerel et de <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_Curie\" title=\"Pierre Curie\" id=\"mwAVw\">Pierre Curie</a><span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\" id=\"mwAV0\"> </span>: il aura fallu l'intervention de celui-ci, à la suite de l'indiscrétion d'un académicien suédois, pour que le nom de Marie soit ajouté<sup about=\"#mwt95\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-universel_30-0\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{\"name\":\"universel\"},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-universel-30\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-universel-30\" id=\"mwAV4\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwAV8\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAWA\">[</span>30<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAWE\">]</span></span></a></sup>.</p>\n\n<p id=\"mwAWI\">Le couple devient célèbre et ces découvertes suscitent un engouement tant scientifique que public. La danseuse <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loïe_Fuller\" title=\"Loïe Fuller\" id=\"mwAWM\">Loïe Fuller</a> leur demande de l'aider à faire un costume <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphorescence\" title=\"Phosphorescence\" id=\"mwAWQ\">phosphorescent</a> au radium, ce qu'ils refusent, en lui en expliquant les raisons<span typeof=\"mw:Nowiki mw:Transclusion\" about=\"#mwt96\" id=\"mwAWU\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"Référence nécessaire\",\"href\":\"./Modèle:Référence_nécessaire\"},\"params\":{\"date\":{\"wt\":\"avril 2020\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'></span><sup class=\"need_ref_tag\" style=\"padding-left:2px;\" about=\"#mwt96\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aide:Référence_nécessaire\" title=\"Aide:Référence nécessaire\"><span title=\"Ce passage nécessite une référence (demandé en avril 2020) ; voir l'aide.\"><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">[</span>réf.<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>nécessaire<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">]</span></span></a></sup><link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Catégorie:Article_à_référence_nécessaire\" about=\"#mwt96\"/><span typeof=\"mw:Nowiki\" about=\"#mwt96\"></span>. La danseuse, qui deviendra leur amie, leur offre un spectacle à domicile, avant de lancer un nouveau spectacle sur le thème du radium.</p>\n\n<p id=\"mwAWY\">Également en 1903, Marie Curie est la première femme lauréate de la <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Médaille_Davy\" title=\"Médaille Davy\" id=\"mwAWc\">médaille Davy</a>. L’année suivante, elle reçoit la <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Médaille_Matteucci\" title=\"Médaille Matteucci\" id=\"mwAWg\">médaille Matteucci</a><sup about=\"#mwt98\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-31\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-31\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-31\" id=\"mwAWk\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwAWo\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAWs\">[</span>31<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAWw\">]</span></span></a></sup> et donne naissance le <time class=\"nowrap\" datetime=\"1904-12-06\" data-sort-value=\"1904-12-06\" about=\"#mwt97\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwAW0\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"date\",\"href\":\"./Modèle:Date\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"6 décembre 1904-\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'>6 décembre</time> à sa deuxième fille, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ève_Curie\" title=\"Ève Curie\" id=\"mwAW4\">Ève</a><sup about=\"#mwt99\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-32\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-32\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-32\" id=\"mwAW8\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwAXA\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAXE\">[</span>32<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAXI\">]</span></span></a></sup>.</p>\n\n</section><section data-mw-section-id=\"6\" id=\"mwAXM\" aria-labelledby=\"Enseignement_et_recherche\"><div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading3\"><h3 id=\"Enseignement_et_recherche\">Enseignement et recherche</h3></div>\n<figure class=\"mw-default-size\" typeof=\"mw:File/Thumb\" id=\"mwAXQ\"><a href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fichier:Curie_and_Poincare_1911_Solvay.jpg\" class=\"mw-file-description\" id=\"mwAXU\"><img resource=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fichier:Curie_and_Poincare_1911_Solvay.jpg\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Curie_and_Poincare_1911_Solvay.jpg/250px-Curie_and_Poincare_1911_Solvay.jpg?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/ba/Curie_and_Poincare_1911_Solvay.jpg?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled 2x\" data-file-width=\"452\" data-file-height=\"310\" data-file-type=\"bitmap\" height=\"171\" width=\"250\" class=\"mw-file-element\" id=\"mwAXY\"/></a><figcaption id=\"mwAXc\">Marie Curie et <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henri_Poincaré\" title=\"Henri Poincaré\" id=\"mwAXg\">Henri Poincaré</a> au premier <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congrès_Solvay\" title=\"Congrès Solvay\" id=\"mwAXk\">Congrès Solvay</a> en 1911.</figcaption></figure>\n<figure class=\"mw-default-size\" typeof=\"mw:File/Thumb\" id=\"mwAXo\"><a href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fichier:Amphithéâtre_Lefebvre,_plaque_Marie_Curie,_La_Sorbonne.jpg\" class=\"mw-file-description\" id=\"mwAXs\"><img resource=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fichier:Amphithéâtre_Lefebvre,_plaque_Marie_Curie,_La_Sorbonne.jpg\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Amphith%C3%A9%C3%A2tre_Lefebvre%2C_plaque_Marie_Curie%2C_La_Sorbonne.jpg/250px-Amphith%C3%A9%C3%A2tre_Lefebvre%2C_plaque_Marie_Curie%2C_La_Sorbonne.jpg?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Amphith%C3%A9%C3%A2tre_Lefebvre%2C_plaque_Marie_Curie%2C_La_Sorbonne.jpg/500px-Amphith%C3%A9%C3%A2tre_Lefebvre%2C_plaque_Marie_Curie%2C_La_Sorbonne.jpg?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" data-file-width=\"3650\" data-file-height=\"2906\" data-file-type=\"bitmap\" height=\"199\" width=\"250\" class=\"mw-file-element\" id=\"mwAXw\"/></a><figcaption id=\"mwAX0\">Plaque à l'entrée de l'ancien amphithéâtre de physique de la Sorbonne (de nos jours amphithéâtre Lefebvre).</figcaption></figure>\n<figure class=\"mw-default-size mw-halign-right\" typeof=\"mw:File/Thumb\" id=\"mwAX4\"><a href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fichier:Mme_P_Curie_P1300452_corrected2.jpg\" class=\"mw-file-description\" id=\"mwAX8\"><img resource=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fichier:Mme_P_Curie_P1300452_corrected2.jpg\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Mme_P_Curie_P1300452_corrected2.jpg/250px-Mme_P_Curie_P1300452_corrected2.jpg?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Mme_P_Curie_P1300452_corrected2.jpg/500px-Mme_P_Curie_P1300452_corrected2.jpg?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" data-file-width=\"4145\" data-file-height=\"2502\" data-file-type=\"bitmap\" height=\"151\" width=\"250\" class=\"mw-file-element\" id=\"mwAYA\"/></a><figcaption id=\"mwAYE\">Carte de visite de Marie Curie comme professeure à la faculté des sciences.</figcaption></figure>\n<p id=\"mwAYI\">À la suite de l'obtention du prix Nobel, Pierre Curie est nommé en <time class=\"nowrap\" datetime=\"1904-10\" data-sort-value=\"1904-10\" about=\"#mwt100\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwAYM\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"date\",\"href\":\"./Modèle:Date\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"octobre 1904\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'>octobre 1904</time> professeur titulaire d'une nouvelle chaire de physique à la <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faculté_des_sciences_de_Paris\" title=\"Faculté des sciences de Paris\" id=\"mwAYQ\">faculté des sciences</a> de l'<a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nouvelle_université_de_Paris\" title=\"Nouvelle université de Paris\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwAYU\">université de Paris</a> et obtient la construction d'un laboratoire dans la cour de l'annexe de la faculté, consacrée au certificat PCN, située <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rue_Cuvier_(Paris)\" title=\"Rue Cuvier (Paris)\" id=\"mwAYY\">12 rue Cuvier</a>. Marie Curie est nommée chef de travaux du laboratoire lié à la chaire<sup about=\"#mwt103\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-33\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-33\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-33\" id=\"mwAYc\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwAYg\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAYk\">[</span>33<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAYo\">]</span></span></a></sup><sup class=\"reference cite_virgule\" about=\"#mwt101\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwAYs\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\",\",\"href\":\"./Modèle:,\"},\"params\":{},\"i\":0}}]}'>,</sup><sup about=\"#mwt105\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-34\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-34\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-34\" id=\"mwAYw\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwAY0\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAY4\">[</span>34<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAY8\">]</span></span></a></sup>.</p>\n\n<p id=\"mwAZA\">Le <time class=\"nowrap\" datetime=\"1906-04-19\" data-sort-value=\"1906-04-19\" about=\"#mwt106\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwAZE\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"date\",\"href\":\"./Modèle:Date\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"19 avril 1906\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'>19 avril 1906</time>, Pierre meurt, renversé accidentellement par une voiture à cheval. Marie Curie souffre durablement de cette perte et est soutenue dans les difficiles années qui suivent par le père de Pierre, Eugène Curie, et par son frère, Jacques Curie.</p>\n\n<p id=\"mwAZI\">Marie Curie devient alors la première <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Femmes_en_France\" title=\"Femmes en France\" id=\"mwAZM\">femme en France</a> directrice d'un laboratoire universitaire<sup about=\"#mwt109\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-35\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-35\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-35\" id=\"mwAZQ\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwAZU\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAZY\">[</span>35<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAZc\">]</span></span></a></sup><span typeof=\"mw:Nowiki mw:Transclusion\" about=\"#mwt107\" id=\"mwAZg\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"refinc\",\"href\":\"./Modèle:Refinc\"},\"params\":{\"date\":{\"wt\":\"novembre 2021\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'></span><sup class=\"need_ref_tag\" style=\"padding-left:2px;\" about=\"#mwt107\" id=\"mwAZk\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aide:Référence_incomplète\" title=\"Aide:Référence incomplète\">[réf.<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>incomplète]</a></sup>. De 1906 à 1934, elle accueille <span class=\"nowrap\" about=\"#mwt108\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwAZo\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"nobr\",\"href\":\"./Modèle:Nobr\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"45 femmes\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'>45 femmes</span>, sans exercer une sélection sexiste dans ses recrutements<sup about=\"#mwt111\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-36\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-36\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-36\" id=\"mwAZs\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwAZw\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAZ0\">[</span>36<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAZ4\">]</span></span></a></sup>. Elle déménage en 1907 dans la rue du chemin de fer à Sceaux, afin d'être plus proche du lieu où est inhumé son mari.</p>\n\n<p id=\"mwAZ8\">Marie Curie est chargée du cours le <time class=\"nowrap\" datetime=\"1906-05-01\" data-sort-value=\"1906-05-01\" about=\"#mwt112\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwAaA\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"date\",\"href\":\"./Modèle:Date\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"1 mai 1906\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'><abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"premier\">1<sup>er</sup></abbr> mai 1906</time> en remplacement de Pierre<sup about=\"#mwt115\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-37\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-37\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-37\" id=\"mwAaE\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwAaI\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAaM\">[</span>37<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAaQ\">]</span></span></a></sup>. Sa leçon inaugurale a lieu le <time class=\"nowrap\" datetime=\"1906-11-05\" data-sort-value=\"1906-11-05\" about=\"#mwt113\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwAaU\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"date\",\"href\":\"./Modèle:Date\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"5 novembre 1906\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'>5 novembre 1906</time><sup about=\"#mwt117\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-38\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-38\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-38\" id=\"mwAaY\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwAac\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAag\">[</span>38<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAak\">]</span></span></a></sup> dans l’amphithéâtre de physique de la faculté des sciences à la Sorbonne, où se pressent journalistes, artistes, personnalités politiques et femmes du monde. <i id=\"mwAao\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Le_Journal\" title=\"Le Journal\" id=\"mwAas\">Le Journal</a></i> salue l'événement en ces termes<sup about=\"#mwt118\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-universel_30-1\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{\"name\":\"universel\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-universel-30\" id=\"mwAaw\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwAa0\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAa4\">[</span>30<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAa8\">]</span></span></a></sup><span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\" id=\"mwAbA\"> </span>:</p>\n<blockquote about=\"#mwt119\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwAbE\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"citation bloc\",\"href\":\"./Modèle:Citation_bloc\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"c&apos;est […] une grande victoire féministe que nous célébrons en ce jour. Car, si la femme est admise à donner l&apos;enseignement supérieur aux étudiants des deux sexes, où sera désormais la prétendue supériorité de l&apos;homme mâle ? En vérité, je vous le dis : le temps est proche où les femmes deviendront des êtres humains.\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'>\n<p>«<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\"> </span>c'est […] une grande victoire féministe que nous célébrons en ce jour. Car, si la femme est admise à donner l'enseignement supérieur aux étudiants des deux sexes, où sera désormais la prétendue supériorité de l'homme mâle<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\"> </span>? En vérité, je vous le dis<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\"> </span>: le temps est proche où les femmes deviendront des êtres humains.<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\"> </span>»</p>\n</blockquote>\n\n<p id=\"mwAbI\">Elle est nommée professeur titulaire de la chaire le <time class=\"nowrap\" datetime=\"1908-11-16\" data-sort-value=\"1908-11-16\" about=\"#mwt120\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwAbM\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"date\",\"href\":\"./Modèle:Date\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"16 novembre 1908\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'>16 novembre 1908</time>, devenant la <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liste_des_premières_femmes_par_métier_ou_fonction_en_France\" title=\"Liste des premières femmes par métier ou fonction en France\" id=\"mwAbQ\">première professeure titulaire d'une chaire à la Sorbonne</a><sup about=\"#mwt122\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-39\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-39\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-39\" id=\"mwAbU\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwAbY\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAbc\">[</span>39<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAbg\">]</span></span></a></sup>. L'intitulé de la chaire devient ensuite «<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\" id=\"mwAbk\"> </span>physique générale et radioactivité<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\" id=\"mwAbo\"> </span>».</p>\n\n<p id=\"mwAbs\">En 1910, assistée du professeur <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/André-Louis_Debierne\" title=\"André-Louis Debierne\" id=\"mwAbw\">André-Louis Debierne</a>, Marie Curie parvient à isoler un gramme de radium sous forme de <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Métal\" title=\"Métal\" id=\"mwAb0\">métal</a> pur. Elle publie la même année le <i id=\"mwAb4\">Traité de radioactivité</i>. Des anticléricaux, dreyfusards et libre-penseurs refusant l'élection systématique de candidats antidreyfusards à l'<a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institut_de_France\" title=\"Institut de France\" id=\"mwAb8\">Institut de France</a><sup about=\"#mwt125\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-40\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-40\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-40\" id=\"mwAcA\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwAcE\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAcI\">[</span>40<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAcM\">]</span></span></a></sup> lui conseillent de postuler à l'<a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Académie_des_sciences_(France)\" title=\"Académie des sciences (France)\" id=\"mwAcQ\">Académie des sciences</a>, mais c'est <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Édouard_Branly\" title=\"Édouard Branly\" id=\"mwAcU\">Édouard Branly</a> qui est élu, avec une majorité de deux voix, vraisemblablement en raison de son conservatisme<sup about=\"#mwt126\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-universel_30-2\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{\"name\":\"universel\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-universel-30\" id=\"mwAcY\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwAcc\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAcg\">[</span>30<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAck\">]</span></span></a></sup><sup class=\"reference cite_virgule\" about=\"#mwt123\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwAco\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\",\",\"href\":\"./Modèle:,\"},\"params\":{},\"i\":0}}]}'>,</sup><sup about=\"#mwt127\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-41\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-41\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-41\" id=\"mwAcs\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwAcw\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAc0\">[</span>41<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAc4\">]</span></span></a></sup>.</p>\n\n<p id=\"mwAc8\">Elle participe début <time class=\"nowrap\" datetime=\"1911-11\" data-sort-value=\"1911-11\" about=\"#mwt128\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwAdA\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"date\",\"href\":\"./Modèle:Date\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"novembre 1911\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'>novembre 1911</time> au premier <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congrès_Solvay\" title=\"Congrès Solvay\" id=\"mwAdE\">Congrès Solvay</a>, organisé et financé par le chimiste et industriel belge <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernest_Solvay\" title=\"Ernest Solvay\" id=\"mwAdI\">Ernest Solvay</a>. Ce congrès réunit de nombreux physiciens, tels que <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Planck\" title=\"Max Planck\" id=\"mwAdM\">Max Planck</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Einstein\" title=\"Albert Einstein\" id=\"mwAdQ\">Albert Einstein</a> et <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernest_Rutherford\" title=\"Ernest Rutherford\" id=\"mwAdU\">Ernest Rutherford</a>. Elle est la seule femme de ce congrès et presque la seule pour les suivants (on compte par exemple l’Autrichienne <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lise_Meitner\" title=\"Lise Meitner\" id=\"mwAdY\">Lise Meitner</a>).</p>\n\n<figure class=\"mw-default-size mw-halign-left\" typeof=\"mw:File/Thumb\" id=\"mwAdc\"><a href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fichier:Marie_Skłodowska-Curie's_Nobel_Prize_in_Chemistry_1911.jpg\" class=\"mw-file-description\" id=\"mwAdg\"><img resource=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fichier:Marie_Skłodowska-Curie's_Nobel_Prize_in_Chemistry_1911.jpg\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Marie_Sk%C5%82odowska-Curie%27s_Nobel_Prize_in_Chemistry_1911.jpg/250px-Marie_Sk%C5%82odowska-Curie%27s_Nobel_Prize_in_Chemistry_1911.jpg?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Marie_Sk%C5%82odowska-Curie%27s_Nobel_Prize_in_Chemistry_1911.jpg/500px-Marie_Sk%C5%82odowska-Curie%27s_Nobel_Prize_in_Chemistry_1911.jpg?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" data-file-width=\"1508\" data-file-height=\"1024\" data-file-type=\"bitmap\" height=\"170\" width=\"250\" class=\"mw-file-element\" id=\"mwAdk\"/></a><figcaption id=\"mwAdo\">Le diplôme accompagnant le prix Nobel de chimie de 1911 de Marie Sklodowska Curie.</figcaption></figure>\n\n<p id=\"mwAds\">Le <time class=\"nowrap\" datetime=\"1911-11-04\" data-sort-value=\"1911-11-04\" about=\"#mwt129\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwAdw\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"date\",\"href\":\"./Modèle:Date\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"4 novembre 1911\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'>4 novembre 1911</time>, alors que le congrès Solvay vient de se terminer, éclate l'«<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\" id=\"mwAd0\"> </span>affaire Langevin<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\" id=\"mwAd4\"> </span>»<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\" id=\"mwAd8\"> </span>: la liaison extraconjugale de <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Langevin\" title=\"Paul Langevin\" id=\"mwAeA\">Paul Langevin</a> avec Marie Curie (alors veuve depuis cinq ans) fait les gros titres de la presse nationaliste, qui la traite de «<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\" id=\"mwAeE\"> </span>Polonaise venant briser un bon ménage français<sup about=\"#mwt131\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-Pigeard_16-2\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{\"name\":\"Pigeard\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-Pigeard-16\" id=\"mwAeI\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwAeM\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAeQ\">[</span>16<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAeU\">]</span></span></a></sup><span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\" id=\"mwAeY\"> </span>». Des journaux d’extrême droite publient des lettres qui enflamment l'opinion publique. Ces lettres ont été volées par le beau-frère dans l'appartement que Paul Langevin, en instance de divorce, louait dans le Quartier latin. Tous deux démentent la teneur des lettres publiées, mais en vain. La campagne de presse a été si violente que le ministre de l’Instruction publique en est venu à souhaiter que Marie Curie retourne en Pologne. Le lauréat du prix Nobel de chimie <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svante_August_Arrhenius\" title=\"Svante August Arrhenius\" id=\"mwAec\">Svante Arrhenius</a>, qui l'encourageait, change d’avis à la suite de cette affaire<sup about=\"#mwt133\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-42\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-42\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-42\" id=\"mwAeg\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwAek\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAeo\">[</span>42<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAes\">]</span></span></a></sup><sup class=\"reference cite_virgule\" about=\"#mwt130\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwAew\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\",\",\"href\":\"./Modèle:,\"},\"params\":{},\"i\":0}}]}'>,</sup><sup about=\"#mwt136\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-43\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-43\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-43\" id=\"mwAe0\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwAe4\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAe8\">[</span>43<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAfA\">]</span></span></a></sup>.</p>\n\n<p id=\"mwAfE\">Le <time class=\"nowrap\" datetime=\"1911-11-08\" data-sort-value=\"1911-11-08\" about=\"#mwt137\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwAfI\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"date\",\"href\":\"./Modèle:Date\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"8 novembre 1911\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'>8 novembre 1911</time>, au plus fort et en dépit du scandale, Marie Curie reçoit un télégramme l'informant que le <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prix_Nobel_de_chimie\" title=\"Prix Nobel de chimie\" id=\"mwAfM\">prix Nobel de chimie</a> lui est décerné, <span class=\"citation\" about=\"#mwt138\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwAfQ\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"Citation\",\"href\":\"./Modèle:Citation\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"en reconnaissance des services pour l’avancement de la chimie par la découverte de nouveaux éléments : le radium et le polonium, par l’étude de leur nature et de leurs composés\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'>«<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\"> </span>en reconnaissance des services pour l’avancement de la chimie par la découverte de nouveaux éléments<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\"> </span>: le radium et le polonium, par l’étude de leur nature et de leurs composés<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\"> </span>»</span><sup about=\"#mwt140\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-laureat_Nobel_1911_44-0\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{\"name\":\"laureat_Nobel_1911\"},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-laureat_Nobel_1911-44\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-laureat_Nobel_1911-44\" id=\"mwAfU\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwAfY\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAfc\">[</span>44<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAfg\">]</span></span></a></sup>.</p>\n\n<p id=\"mwAfk\">Malgré la suggestion du comité Nobel de ne pas venir chercher le prix en <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suède\" title=\"Suède\" id=\"mwAfo\">Suède</a> en raison de pressions politiques ainsi que du scandale qui la couvre, elle choisit de se déplacer et le reçoit le <time class=\"nowrap\" datetime=\"1911-12-10\" data-sort-value=\"1911-12-10\" about=\"#mwt141\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwAfs\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"date\",\"href\":\"./Modèle:Date\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"10 décembre 1911\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'>10 décembre 1911</time> à <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stockholm\" title=\"Stockholm\" id=\"mwAfw\">Stockholm</a>. Elle est la première personne à obtenir deux prix Nobel pour ses travaux scientifiques.</p>\n\n<p id=\"mwAf0\">Les médecins découvrent que Marie Curie, affaiblie par les événements de l'année <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1911\" title=\"1911\" id=\"mwAf4\">1911</a>, est atteinte d'une maladie <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rein\" title=\"Rein\" id=\"mwAf8\">rénale</a>. Elle subit une opération chirurgicale, puis une longue convalescence, pendant laquelle d'autres physiciens, à la suite de ses découvertes, continuent à faire la lumière sur le fonctionnement de l'<a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atome\" title=\"Atome\" id=\"mwAgA\">atome</a>.</p>\n<div class=\"clear\" style=\"clear:both;\" about=\"#mwt142\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwAgE\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"clr\",\"href\":\"./Modèle:Clr\"},\"params\":{},\"i\":0}}]}'></div>\n\n</section><section data-mw-section-id=\"7\" id=\"mwAgI\" aria-labelledby=\"Rôle_dans_la_Grande_Guerre,_et_l’Institut_du_radium\"><div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading3\"><h3 id=\"Rôle_dans_la_Grande_Guerre,_et_l’Institut_du_radium\"><span id=\"R.C3.B4le_dans_la_Grande_Guerre.2C_et_l.E2.80.99Institut_du_radium\" typeof=\"mw:FallbackId\"></span>Rôle dans la Grande Guerre, et l’Institut du radium</h3></div>\n<div class=\"bandeau-container bandeau-section metadata bandeau-niveau-information\" about=\"#mwt143\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwAgM\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"Article détaillé\",\"href\":\"./Modèle:Article_détaillé\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"Institut du radium\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'><div class=\"bandeau-cell bandeau-icone-css loupe\">Article détaillé<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\"> </span>: <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institut_du_radium\" title=\"Institut du radium\">Institut du radium</a>.</div></div>\n<figure class=\"mw-default-size mw-halign-left\" typeof=\"mw:File/Thumb\" id=\"mwAgQ\"><a href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fichier:P1020133_Paris_IV_Quai_de_Béthune_n°36_reductwk.JPG\" class=\"mw-file-description\" id=\"mwAgU\"><img resource=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fichier:P1020133_Paris_IV_Quai_de_Béthune_n°36_reductwk.JPG\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/P1020133_Paris_IV_Quai_de_B%C3%A9thune_n%C2%B036_reductwk.JPG/250px-P1020133_Paris_IV_Quai_de_B%C3%A9thune_n%C2%B036_reductwk.JPG?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/P1020133_Paris_IV_Quai_de_B%C3%A9thune_n%C2%B036_reductwk.JPG/500px-P1020133_Paris_IV_Quai_de_B%C3%A9thune_n%C2%B036_reductwk.JPG?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" data-file-width=\"1270\" data-file-height=\"1500\" data-file-type=\"bitmap\" height=\"224\" width=\"190\" class=\"mw-file-element mw-file-upright\" style=\"--mw-file-upright: 0.75\" id=\"mwAgY\"/></a><figcaption id=\"mwAgc\">En <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1912\" title=\"1912\" id=\"mwAgg\">1912</a>, Marie Curie s'installe <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quai_de_Béthune\" title=\"Quai de Béthune\" id=\"mwAgk\">quai de Béthune</a> au <abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"numéro\" about=\"#mwt144\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwAgo\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"n°\",\"href\":\"./Modèle:N°\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"36\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'>n<sup>o</sup></abbr><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" about=\"#mwt144\"> </span><span about=\"#mwt144\">36</span>.</figcaption></figure>\n<p id=\"mwAgs\">Fin 1909, le professeur <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Émile_Roux\" title=\"Émile Roux\" id=\"mwAgw\">Émile Roux</a>, directeur de l’<a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institut_Pasteur\" title=\"Institut Pasteur\" id=\"mwAg0\">Institut Pasteur</a>, propose la création d’un Institut du radium, consacré à la recherche médicale contre le cancer et à son traitement par <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiothérapie\" title=\"Radiothérapie\" id=\"mwAg4\">radiothérapie</a> — celui-ci deviendra plus tard l'<a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institut_Curie\" title=\"Institut Curie\" id=\"mwAg8\">Institut Curie</a>. Malgré la notoriété de Marie Curie et de son prix Nobel, il faut attendre 1911 pour que commencent les travaux, subventionnés par <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Iffla\" title=\"Daniel Iffla\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwAhA\">Daniel Osiris</a>. Le professeur Roux impose de plus un partage directorial, en faisant venir un de ses protégés, un chercheur en biologie de <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lyon\" title=\"Lyon\" id=\"mwAhE\">Lyon</a>, le docteur <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claudius_Regaud\" title=\"Claudius Regaud\" id=\"mwAhI\">Claudius Regaud</a> qui veut entreprendre une recherche biologique de thérapie contre le cancer, en croisant et mêlant l'usage de la radioactivité (radium) et de la radiographie (Rayons X, découvert par <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelm_Röntgen\" title=\"Wilhelm Röntgen\" id=\"mwAhM\">Roentgen</a>).</p>\n\n<p id=\"mwAhQ\">Marie Curie, vexée d'être placée en doublon, exige que le prétendant directeur-chercheur, par ailleurs inconnu d'elle, soit soumis sous sa direction à un examen de candidat, afin qu'il expose les résultats des travaux qu'il a conduits jusque-là et les motivations relatives à ce poste. L’Institut, situé <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rue_d'Ulm\" title=\"Rue d'Ulm\" id=\"mwAhU\">rue d'Ulm</a>, est achevé en 1914, juste avant la <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Première_Guerre_mondiale\" title=\"Première Guerre mondiale\" id=\"mwAhY\">Première Guerre mondiale</a>. Il réunit deux laboratoires aux compétences complémentaires<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\" id=\"mwAhc\"> </span>: le laboratoire de physique et de chimie, dirigé par Marie Curie, et le laboratoire Pasteur, axé sur la <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiothérapie\" title=\"Radiothérapie\" id=\"mwAhg\">radiothérapie</a>, dirigé par <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claudius_Regaud\" title=\"Claudius Regaud\" id=\"mwAhk\">Claudius Regaud</a>.</p>\n\n<p id=\"mwAho\">Lorsque la guerre éclate, Marie Curie se mobilise, tout comme les autres membres de l’Institut du radium, qui fermera temporairement durant la guerre. Aux côtés d’<a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antoine_Béclère\" title=\"Antoine Béclère\" id=\"mwAhs\">Antoine Béclère</a>, directeur du service radiologique des armées, et avec l'aide de la <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mouvement_international_de_la_Croix-Rouge_et_du_Croissant-Rouge\" title=\"Mouvement international de la Croix-Rouge et du Croissant-Rouge\" id=\"mwAhw\">Croix-Rouge</a>, elle participe à la conception de dix-huit unités chirurgicales mobiles, des «<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\" id=\"mwAh0\"> </span>ambulances radiologiques<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\" id=\"mwAh4\"> </span>» surnommées <i id=\"mwAh8\">a posteriori</i> les «<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\" id=\"mwAiA\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petites_Curies\" title=\"Petites Curies\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwAiE\">petites Curies</a><span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\" id=\"mwAiI\"> </span>»<sup about=\"#mwt149\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-45\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-45\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-45\" id=\"mwAiM\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwAiQ\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAiU\">[</span>45<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAiY\">]</span></span></a></sup><sup class=\"reference cite_virgule\" about=\"#mwt145\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwAic\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\",\",\"href\":\"./Modèle:,\"},\"params\":{},\"i\":0}}]}'>,</sup><sup about=\"#mwt151\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-46\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-46\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-46\" id=\"mwAig\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwAik\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAio\">[</span>46<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAis\">]</span></span></a></sup><sup class=\"reference cite_virgule\" about=\"#mwt146\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwAiw\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\",\",\"href\":\"./Modèle:,\"},\"params\":{},\"i\":0}}]}'>,</sup><sup about=\"#mwt153\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-47\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-47\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-47\" id=\"mwAi0\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwAi4\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAi8\">[</span>47<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAjA\">]</span></span></a></sup>. Elle a construit de sa propre initiative la première unité mobile en empruntant et adaptant la voiture de la princesse de Polignac, en prenant le propre matériel de recherche de Claudius Regaud sans usage, puis inauguré en personne avec son chauffeur-laborantin expérimentateur (Louis Ragot) une première campagne en visitant les hôpitaux du front engorgé de blessés<sup about=\"#mwt154\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-48\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-48\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-48\" id=\"mwAjE\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwAjI\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAjM\">[</span>48<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAjQ\">]</span></span></a></sup>. Ce que l'argot militaire a désigné sous le nom de «<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\" id=\"mwAjU\"> </span>p'tites Curies<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\" id=\"mwAjY\"> </span>», sont des véhicules de tourisme équipés d'<a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiographie\" title=\"Radiographie\" id=\"mwAjc\">appareils Röntgen</a> avec une <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynamo\" title=\"Dynamo\" id=\"mwAjg\">dynamo</a> alimentée par le moteur du véhicule, et pouvant donc se rendre très près des champs de bataille et ainsi limiter les déplacements sanitaires des blessés. Les véhicules permettent de prendre des <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiographie\" title=\"Radiographie\" id=\"mwAjk\">radiographies</a> des blessés, opération très utile pour situer plus précisément l'emplacement des éclats d'obus et des balles et faciliter l'opération chirurgicale, soit différée soit immédiate sous le dispositif radiographique. Marie Curie transforme l’Institut du radium déserté en <time class=\"nowrap\" datetime=\"1914-08\" data-sort-value=\"1914-08\" about=\"#mwt147\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwAjo\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"date\",\"href\":\"./Modèle:Date\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"août 1914\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'>août 1914</time> en véritable école de radiologie, pour former des bataillons de jeunes femmes aide-<a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiographie\" title=\"Radiographie\" id=\"mwAjs\">radiologistes</a><sup about=\"#mwt156\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-49\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-49\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-49\" id=\"mwAjw\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwAj0\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAj4\">[</span>49<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAj8\">]</span></span></a></sup>. Elle a aussi participé à la création de 150 postes fixes de radiologie, au sein des hôpitaux militaires.</p>\n\n<p id=\"mwAkA\">Le <time class=\"nowrap\" datetime=\"1916-07-28\" data-sort-value=\"1916-07-28\" about=\"#mwt157\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwAkE\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"date\",\"href\":\"./Modèle:Date\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"28 juillet 1916\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'>28 juillet 1916</time>, elle obtient son permis de conduire<sup about=\"#mwt159\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-50\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-50\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-50\" id=\"mwAkI\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwAkM\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAkQ\">[</span>50<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAkU\">]</span></span></a></sup> et part régulièrement sur le front réaliser des radiographies. Elle est rejointe par sa fille <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irène_Joliot-Curie\" title=\"Irène Joliot-Curie\" id=\"mwAkY\">Irène</a>, âgée de dix-neuf ans, qui fait de même dans plusieurs hôpitaux de campagne durant toute la guerre.</p>\n\n<figure class=\"mw-default-size mw-halign-left\" typeof=\"mw:File/Thumb\" id=\"mwAkc\"><a href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fichier:Coffret_contenant_1g_de_radium,_Institut_Curie.jpg\" class=\"mw-file-description\" id=\"mwAkg\"><img resource=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fichier:Coffret_contenant_1g_de_radium,_Institut_Curie.jpg\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Coffret_contenant_1g_de_radium%2C_Institut_Curie.jpg/250px-Coffret_contenant_1g_de_radium%2C_Institut_Curie.jpg?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Coffret_contenant_1g_de_radium%2C_Institut_Curie.jpg/330px-Coffret_contenant_1g_de_radium%2C_Institut_Curie.jpg?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" data-file-width=\"481\" data-file-height=\"447\" data-file-type=\"bitmap\" height=\"121\" width=\"130\" class=\"mw-file-element mw-file-upright\" style=\"--mw-file-upright: 0.5\" id=\"mwAkk\"/></a><figcaption id=\"mwAko\">Le coffret offert en 1921.</figcaption></figure>\n\n<p id=\"mwAks\">En <time class=\"nowrap\" datetime=\"1918-11\" data-sort-value=\"1918-11\" about=\"#mwt160\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwAkw\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"date\",\"href\":\"./Modèle:Date\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"novembre 1918\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'>novembre 1918</time>, à la fin de la guerre, Marie Curie peut enfin occuper son poste à l’Institut du radium. Sa fille Irène devient son assistante. L’Institut du radium doit faire face à des difficultés financières. Il faudra attendre le début des années 1920 pour que les dons affluent et que l'institut se développe. Après la découverte des vertus thérapeutiques du radium pour la lutte contre le <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cancer\" title=\"Cancer\" id=\"mwAk0\">cancer</a>, le radium connaît un vif engouement littéraire et surtout industriel, au point d'être utilisé dans de nombreux produits de consommation courante — crèmes rajeunissantes, cigarettes, réveils…</p>\n\n<p id=\"mwAk4\">L'Institut du radium accueille de nombreux étudiants et physiciens, notamment étrangers, dont beaucoup de femmes (<a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marguerite_Perey\" title=\"Marguerite Perey\" id=\"mwAk8\">Marguerite Perey</a> fut son assistante), et contribue ainsi à l'émancipation féminine en France comme à l'étranger<sup about=\"#mwt162\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-51\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-51\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-51\" id=\"mwAlA\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwAlE\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAlI\">[</span>51<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAlM\">]</span></span></a></sup>.</p>\n<figure class=\"mw-default-size\" typeof=\"mw:File/Thumb\" id=\"mwAlQ\"><a href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fichier:L'université_de_Paris_et_la_Sorbonne._Séance_du_conseil_de_la_faculté_des_sciences,_1923.jpg\" class=\"mw-file-description\" id=\"mwAlU\"><img resource=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fichier:L'université_de_Paris_et_la_Sorbonne._Séance_du_conseil_de_la_faculté_des_sciences,_1923.jpg\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/L%27universit%C3%A9_de_Paris_et_la_Sorbonne._S%C3%A9ance_du_conseil_de_la_facult%C3%A9_des_sciences%2C_1923.jpg/250px-L%27universit%C3%A9_de_Paris_et_la_Sorbonne._S%C3%A9ance_du_conseil_de_la_facult%C3%A9_des_sciences%2C_1923.jpg?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/L%27universit%C3%A9_de_Paris_et_la_Sorbonne._S%C3%A9ance_du_conseil_de_la_facult%C3%A9_des_sciences%2C_1923.jpg/500px-L%27universit%C3%A9_de_Paris_et_la_Sorbonne._S%C3%A9ance_du_conseil_de_la_facult%C3%A9_des_sciences%2C_1923.jpg?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" data-file-width=\"2746\" data-file-height=\"1864\" data-file-type=\"bitmap\" height=\"170\" width=\"250\" class=\"mw-file-element\" id=\"mwAlY\"/></a><figcaption id=\"mwAlc\">Henri Manuel, séance du conseil de la faculté des sciences de Paris (Marie Curie, seule femme, se situe en bas à gauche de l'image), 1923.</figcaption></figure>\n<p id=\"mwAlg\">En 1921, la journaliste <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Mattingly_Meloney\" title=\"Marie Mattingly Meloney\" id=\"mwAlk\">Marie Mattingly Meloney</a> organise une collecte de <span about=\"#mwt163\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwAlo\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"unité\",\"href\":\"./Modèle:Unité\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"100000\"},\"2\":{\"wt\":\"[[dollar américain|dollars américains]]\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'>100 000 </span><abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"dollars américains\" about=\"#mwt163\" id=\"mwAls\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dollar_américain\" title=\"Dollar américain\">dollars américains</a></abbr> (environ un million de <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franc-or\" title=\"Franc-or\" id=\"mwAlw\">francs or</a>) auprès des femmes américaines afin que Marie Curie puisse acheter un gramme de radium pour l'institut. Marie Curie effectue son premier voyage aux <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/États-Unis\" title=\"États-Unis\" id=\"mwAl0\">États-Unis</a> le <time class=\"nowrap\" datetime=\"1921-05-20\" data-sort-value=\"1921-05-20\" about=\"#mwt164\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwAl4\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"date\",\"href\":\"./Modèle:Date\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"20 mai 1921\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'>20 mai 1921</time>, pour acheter un gramme de radium à l’usine du radium de <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pittsburgh\" title=\"Pittsburgh\" id=\"mwAl8\">Pittsburgh</a>, où sont utilisés de manière industrielle les procédés qu'elle a développés. En 1929, toujours grâce aux femmes américaines, elle reçoit un nouveau gramme de radium, dont elle fait don à l’<a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Université_de_Varsovie\" title=\"Université de Varsovie\" id=\"mwAmA\">université de Varsovie</a>.</p>\n\n<figure class=\"mw-default-size\" typeof=\"mw:File/Thumb\" id=\"mwAmE\"><a href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fichier:LeagueOfNations_MarieCurie.jpg\" class=\"mw-file-description\" id=\"mwAmI\"><img resource=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fichier:LeagueOfNations_MarieCurie.jpg\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/LeagueOfNations_MarieCurie.jpg/250px-LeagueOfNations_MarieCurie.jpg?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/LeagueOfNations_MarieCurie.jpg/500px-LeagueOfNations_MarieCurie.jpg?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" data-file-width=\"750\" data-file-height=\"500\" data-file-type=\"bitmap\" height=\"167\" width=\"250\" class=\"mw-file-element\" id=\"mwAmM\"/></a><figcaption id=\"mwAmQ\">Document signé de Marie Curie dans les archives de la Société des Nations<sup about=\"#mwt165\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-52\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-52\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-52\" id=\"mwAmU\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwAmY\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAmc\">[</span>52<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAmg\">]</span></span></a></sup></figcaption></figure><figure class=\"mw-default-size\" typeof=\"mw:File/Thumb\" id=\"mwAmk\"><a href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fichier:Marie_Curie_and_Albert_Einstein.jpg\" class=\"mw-file-description\" id=\"mwAmo\"><img resource=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fichier:Marie_Curie_and_Albert_Einstein.jpg\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Marie_Curie_and_Albert_Einstein.jpg/250px-Marie_Curie_and_Albert_Einstein.jpg?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/44/Marie_Curie_and_Albert_Einstein.jpg?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled 2x\" data-file-width=\"422\" data-file-height=\"609\" data-file-type=\"bitmap\" height=\"274\" width=\"190\" class=\"mw-file-element mw-file-upright\" style=\"--mw-file-upright: 0.75\" id=\"mwAms\"/></a><figcaption id=\"mwAmw\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Einstein\" title=\"Albert Einstein\" id=\"mwAm0\">Albert Einstein</a> et Marie Curie.</figcaption></figure>\n\n<p id=\"mwAm4\">Très sollicitée, elle voyage énormément, et s'engage aux côtés d'<a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Einstein\" title=\"Albert Einstein\" id=\"mwAm8\">Albert Einstein</a> dans la <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commission_internationale_de_coopération_intellectuelle\" title=\"Commission internationale de coopération intellectuelle\" id=\"mwAnA\">Commission internationale de coopération intellectuelle</a>.</p>\n\n</section><section data-mw-section-id=\"8\" id=\"mwAnE\" aria-labelledby=\"Attachement_à_son_identité_polonaise_et_nom\"><div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading3\"><h3 id=\"Attachement_à_son_identité_polonaise_et_nom\"><span id=\"Attachement_.C3.A0_son_identit.C3.A9_polonaise_et_nom\" typeof=\"mw:FallbackId\"></span>Attachement à son identité polonaise et nom</h3></div>\n<p id=\"mwAnI\">Malgré sa naturalisation française liée à son mariage, Marie Curie n'a jamais perdu le sentiment de son identité polonaise. Elle a ainsi appris à ses filles la langue polonaise et les a emmenées en Pologne plusieurs fois<sup about=\"#mwt167\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-goldsmith_53-0\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{\"name\":\"goldsmith\"},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-goldsmith-53\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-goldsmith-53\" id=\"mwAnM\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwAnQ\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAnU\">[</span>53<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAnY\">]</span></span></a></sup>. Le nom de l'élément chimique <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polonium\" title=\"Polonium\" id=\"mwAnc\">polonium</a> a aussi été choisi par Marie Curie en hommage à la Pologne.</p>\n\n<p id=\"mwAng\">Elle ajoutait son nom de naissance Skłodowska lorsqu'elle signait des correspondances pour des destinataires polonais ou russes<sup about=\"#mwt169\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-54\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-54\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-54\" id=\"mwAnk\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwAno\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAns\">[</span>54<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAnw\">]</span></span></a></sup><sup class=\"reference cite_virgule\" about=\"#mwt168\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwAn0\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\",\",\"href\":\"./Modèle:,\"},\"params\":{},\"i\":0}}]}'>,</sup><sup about=\"#mwt170\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-:0_55-0\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{\"name\":\":0\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-:0-55\" id=\"mwAn4\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwAn8\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAoA\">[</span>55<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAoE\">]</span></span></a></sup>. Le nom «<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\" id=\"mwAoI\"> </span>Skłodowska-Curie<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\" id=\"mwAoM\"> </span>» est d'ailleurs utilisé en Pologne pour la plupart des monuments et bâtiments lui faisant hommage. C'est également le nom qui figure sur son prix Nobel de chimie de 1911. Néanmoins, elle signait les correspondances familiales et amicales «<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\" id=\"mwAoQ\"> </span>Marie Curie<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\" id=\"mwAoU\"> </span>», et utilisait généralement «<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\" id=\"mwAoY\"> </span>Madame Pierre Curie<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\" id=\"mwAoc\"> </span>» pour les publications scientifiques ou autres documents officiels, comme il était d'usage à l'époque<sup about=\"#mwt172\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-:0_55-1\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{\"name\":\":0\"},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-:0-55\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-:0-55\" id=\"mwAog\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwAok\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAoo\">[</span>55<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAos\">]</span></span></a></sup>.</p>\n\n</section><section data-mw-section-id=\"9\" id=\"mwAow\" aria-labelledby=\"Engagements\"><div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading3\"><h3 id=\"Engagements\">Engagements</h3></div>\n<p id=\"mwAo0\">Malgré son aura internationale, Marie Curie évite de prendre parti lors de grands débats politiques, mais proteste publiquement contre l’incarcération d’une <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suffragette\" title=\"Suffragette\" id=\"mwAo4\">suffragette</a> en 1921 et se prononce contre la <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peine_de_mort\" title=\"Peine de mort\" id=\"mwAo8\">peine de mort</a>. Elle fréquente une communauté de scientifiques <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dreyfusards\" title=\"Dreyfusards\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwApA\">dreyfusards</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laïc\" title=\"Laïc\" id=\"mwApE\">laïcs</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Républicanisme\" title=\"Républicanisme\" id=\"mwApI\">républicains</a> et <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Progressisme\" title=\"Progressisme\" id=\"mwApM\">progressistes</a> et s'engage pour la coopération internationale, étant elle-même marquée par la <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Première_Guerre_mondiale\" title=\"Première Guerre mondiale\" id=\"mwApQ\">Première Guerre mondiale</a>. Elle ne fait pas breveter ses découvertes scientifiques, estimant que «<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\" id=\"mwApU\"> </span>les découvertes appartiennent au peuple<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\" id=\"mwApY\"> </span>»<sup about=\"#mwt173\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-:1_9-1\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{\"name\":\":1\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-:1-9\" id=\"mwApc\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwApg\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwApk\">[</span>9<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwApo\">]</span></span></a></sup>.</p>\n\n</section><section data-mw-section-id=\"10\" id=\"mwAps\" aria-labelledby=\"Maladie_et_mort\"><div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading3\"><h3 id=\"Maladie_et_mort\">Maladie et mort</h3></div>\n<p id=\"mwApw\">Marie Curie souffre d'une trop grande exposition aux éléments radioactifs qu'elle étudie depuis 1898 et aux fortes doses de rayons X reçus pendant les <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiographie\" title=\"Radiographie\" id=\"mwAp0\">radiographies</a> des malades durant la guerre, notamment au niveau des yeux et des oreilles<sup about=\"#mwt174\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-Perret_56-0\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{\"name\":\"Perret\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-Perret-56\" id=\"mwAp4\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwAp8\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAqA\">[</span>56<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAqE\">]</span></span></a></sup>. Dès le début des années 1920, elle est affaiblie et pense que le <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radium\" title=\"Radium\" id=\"mwAqI\">radium</a>, auquel elle consacre une grande partie de ses recherches, pourrait avoir une certaine responsabilité dans ses problèmes de santé<sup about=\"#mwt176\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-Perret_56-1\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{\"name\":\"Perret\"},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-Perret-56\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-Perret-56\" id=\"mwAqM\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwAqQ\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAqU\">[</span>56<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAqY\">]</span></span></a></sup>. Elle reste cependant à la direction de son Institut, notamment dans le développement d'approches thérapeutiques pour lutter contre le cancer grâce aux radiations produites par le radium<sup about=\"#mwt177\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-Perret_56-2\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{\"name\":\"Perret\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-Perret-56\" id=\"mwAqc\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwAqg\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAqk\">[</span>56<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAqo\">]</span></span></a></sup>.</p>\n\n<figure class=\"mw-default-size\" typeof=\"mw:File/Thumb\" id=\"mwAqs\"><a href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fichier:Tombe_de_Pierre_Curie_et_de_Marie_Curie_2.jpg\" class=\"mw-file-description\" id=\"mwAqw\"><img resource=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fichier:Tombe_de_Pierre_Curie_et_de_Marie_Curie_2.jpg\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Tombe_de_Pierre_Curie_et_de_Marie_Curie_2.jpg/250px-Tombe_de_Pierre_Curie_et_de_Marie_Curie_2.jpg?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Tombe_de_Pierre_Curie_et_de_Marie_Curie_2.jpg/500px-Tombe_de_Pierre_Curie_et_de_Marie_Curie_2.jpg?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" data-file-width=\"4608\" data-file-height=\"3456\" data-file-type=\"bitmap\" height=\"188\" width=\"250\" class=\"mw-file-element\" id=\"mwAq0\"/></a><figcaption id=\"mwAq4\">L'ancienne tombe de Pierre et Marie Curie au <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cimetière_de_Sceaux\" title=\"Cimetière de Sceaux\" id=\"mwAq8\">cimetière de Sceaux</a> (Haut-de-Seine).</figcaption></figure>\n\n<p id=\"mwArA\">Atteinte d’une <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leucémie\" title=\"Leucémie\" id=\"mwArE\">leucémie</a> radio-induite ayant déclenché une <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anémie_aplasique\" title=\"Anémie aplasique\" id=\"mwArI\">anémie aplasique</a>, elle se rend le <time class=\"nowrap\" datetime=\"1934-06-29\" data-sort-value=\"1934-06-29\" about=\"#mwt178\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwArM\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"date\",\"href\":\"./Modèle:Date\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"29 juin 1934\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'>29 juin 1934</time> au <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanatorium\" title=\"Sanatorium\" id=\"mwArQ\">sanatorium</a> de <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sancellemoz\" title=\"Sancellemoz\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwArU\">Sancellemoz</a> à <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Passy_(Haute-Savoie)\" title=\"Passy (Haute-Savoie)\" id=\"mwArY\">Passy</a> pour y être hospitalisée. Elle y meurt le <time class=\"nowrap\" datetime=\"07-04\" data-sort-value=\"07-04\" about=\"#mwt179\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwArc\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"date\",\"href\":\"./Modèle:Date\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"4 juillet\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'>4 juillet</time>, à 66 ans, dans la chambre 424<sup about=\"#mwt181\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-57\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-57\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-57\" id=\"mwArg\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwArk\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAro\">[</span>57<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwArs\">]</span></span></a></sup>.</p>\n\n</section><section data-mw-section-id=\"11\" id=\"mwArw\" aria-labelledby=\"Postérité\"><div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading3\"><h3 id=\"Postérité\"><span id=\"Post.C3.A9rit.C3.A9\" typeof=\"mw:FallbackId\"></span>Postérité</h3></div>\n<div class=\"bandeau-container bandeau-section metadata bandeau-niveau-information\" about=\"#mwt182\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwAr0\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"Article connexe\",\"href\":\"./Modèle:Article_connexe\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"famille Curie\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'><div class=\"bandeau-cell bandeau-icone-css loupe\">Article connexe<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\"> </span>: <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Famille_Curie\" title=\"Famille Curie\">famille Curie</a>.</div></div>\n<p id=\"mwAr4\">Pierre et Marie Curie sont les parents de deux filles<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\" id=\"mwAr8\"> </span>:</p>\n<ul id=\"mwAsA\"><li id=\"mwAsE\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irène_Joliot-Curie\" title=\"Irène Joliot-Curie\" id=\"mwAsI\">Irène Joliot-Curie</a>, qui reçoit, comme ses parents, le <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prix_Nobel_de_chimie\" title=\"Prix Nobel de chimie\" id=\"mwAsM\">prix Nobel de chimie</a> en 1935 avec son époux, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frédéric_Joliot-Curie\" title=\"Frédéric Joliot-Curie\" id=\"mwAsQ\">Frédéric Joliot-Curie</a> pour leurs travaux sur la radioactivité artificielle<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\" id=\"mwAsU\"> </span>;</li>\n<li id=\"mwAsY\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ève_Curie\" title=\"Ève Curie\" id=\"mwAsc\">Ève Curie</a>, qui écrit une biographie mondialement connue de sa mère, et qui épouse <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Labouisse\" title=\"Henry Labouisse\" id=\"mwAsg\">Henry Labouisse</a> qui, en sa qualité de directeur exécutif de l'<a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fonds_des_Nations_unies_pour_l'enfance\" title=\"Fonds des Nations unies pour l'enfance\" id=\"mwAsk\">UNICEF</a>, reçoit le <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prix_Nobel_de_la_paix\" title=\"Prix Nobel de la paix\" id=\"mwAso\">prix Nobel de la paix</a> attribué à cette organisation en 1965.</li></ul>\n\n</section></section><section data-mw-section-id=\"12\" id=\"mwAss\" aria-labelledby=\"Travaux\"><div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading2\"><h2 id=\"Travaux\">Travaux</h2></div>\n<section data-mw-section-id=\"13\" id=\"mwAsw\" aria-labelledby=\"La_radioactivité_:_une_propriété_physique_et_non_chimique\"><div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading3\"><h3 id=\"La_radioactivité_:_une_propriété_physique_et_non_chimique\"><span id=\"La_radioactivit.C3.A9_:_une_propri.C3.A9t.C3.A9_physique_et_non_chimique\" typeof=\"mw:FallbackId\"></span>La radioactivité<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\" id=\"mwAs0\"> </span>: une propriété physique et non chimique</h3></div>\n<p id=\"mwAs4\">Marie Curie est d'abord embauchée par Gabriel Lippman pour étudier différentes sortes d'acier. Elle travaille dans des conditions limitées et recherche dès lors un sujet recelant davantage de possibilités. Elle se rend en Pologne dans ce but, en vain. Elle revient en France, prend des contacts, se renseigne, et décide finalement de se consacrer exclusivement à l'étude des rayons uraniques. Elle utilise ingénieusement l'électromètre de précision inventé quinze ans plus tôt par les frères Curie pour quantifier l'ionisation produite par ces rayons. De cette façon, elle étudie métaux, sels et minéraux dont l’uranium et la <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pechblende\" title=\"Pechblende\" id=\"mwAs8\">pechblende</a>. Elle en déduit que celle-ci est quatre fois plus active et la <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torbernite\" title=\"Torbernite\" id=\"mwAtA\">chalcolite</a> deux fois plus active que l'uranium. L'activité de l'uranium se révèle indépendante de sa forme chimique. Elle ne dépend au contraire que de la quantité de l'élément uranium. Elle vient de démontrer que la propriété des rayons uraniques est une propriété physique de l'atome et non une propriété chimique<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\" id=\"mwAtE\"> </span>: la radioactivité. Ses travaux sont présentés à l'Académie des sciences par <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabriel_Lippmann\" title=\"Gabriel Lippmann\" id=\"mwAtI\">Gabriel Lippman</a> le <time class=\"nowrap\" datetime=\"1898-04-12\" data-sort-value=\"1898-04-12\" about=\"#mwt183\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwAtM\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"date\",\"href\":\"./Modèle:Date\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"12 avril 1898\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'>12 avril 1898</time>, moins d'un an après le début de sa thèse de doctorat.</p>\n\n</section><section data-mw-section-id=\"14\" id=\"mwAtQ\" aria-labelledby=\"Découverte_du_radium_et_du_polonium\"><div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading3\"><h3 id=\"Découverte_du_radium_et_du_polonium\"><span id=\"D.C3.A9couverte_du_radium_et_du_polonium\" typeof=\"mw:FallbackId\"></span>Découverte du radium et du polonium</h3></div>\n<figure class=\"mw-default-size mw-halign-left\" typeof=\"mw:File/Thumb\" id=\"mwAtU\"><a href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fichier:Les_Hommes_du_Jour_N_108_1910.jpg\" class=\"mw-file-description\" id=\"mwAtY\"><img resource=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fichier:Les_Hommes_du_Jour_N_108_1910.jpg\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Les_Hommes_du_Jour_N_108_1910.jpg/250px-Les_Hommes_du_Jour_N_108_1910.jpg?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Les_Hommes_du_Jour_N_108_1910.jpg/500px-Les_Hommes_du_Jour_N_108_1910.jpg?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" data-file-width=\"2304\" data-file-height=\"3092\" data-file-type=\"bitmap\" height=\"255\" width=\"190\" class=\"mw-file-element mw-file-upright\" style=\"--mw-file-upright: 0.75\" id=\"mwAtc\"/></a><figcaption id=\"mwAtg\">Marie Curie en couverture de <i id=\"mwAtk\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Les_Hommes_du_jour\" title=\"Les Hommes du jour\" id=\"mwAto\">Les Hommes du jour</a></i>, 1911.</figcaption></figure>\n<p id=\"mwAts\">Marie et son mari Pierre supposent que l'activité de la pechblende, particulièrement élevée, provient d'éléments plus actifs que l'uranium. Ils mettent alors au point une méthode radiochimique permettant d'isoler ces éléments. Cette idée se révèle fructueuse puisqu'elle permet aux époux Curie de découvrir en 1898 deux nouveaux éléments, le polonium et le radium. Ces travaux sont présentés par <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henri_Becquerel\" title=\"Henri Becquerel\" id=\"mwAtw\">Henri Becquerel</a> à l'Académie des sciences et sont récompensés par le <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prix_Nobel_de_physique\" title=\"Prix Nobel de physique\" id=\"mwAt0\">prix Nobel de physique</a> en 1903, dont une moitié revient à Becquerel pour la découverte du rayonnement radioactif, et l'autre moitié aux époux Curie<sup about=\"#mwt184\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-laureat_Nobel_1903_29-1\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{\"name\":\"laureat_Nobel_1903\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-laureat_Nobel_1903-29\" id=\"mwAt4\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwAt8\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAuA\">[</span>29<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAuE\">]</span></span></a></sup>. C'est la première démonstration de l’existence des atomes de radium et de polonium, atomes par ailleurs instables. Cette découverte remet en cause la <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomisme\" title=\"Atomisme\" id=\"mwAuI\">conception grecque antique</a> qui stipulait que la matière était insécable et éternelle, et qu'il existait donc un nombre fini d'atomes stables.</p>\n\n<p id=\"mwAuM\">En 1911, Marie Curie reçoit le prix Nobel de chimie<sup about=\"#mwt185\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-laureat_Nobel_1911_44-1\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{\"name\":\"laureat_Nobel_1911\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-laureat_Nobel_1911-44\" id=\"mwAuQ\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwAuU\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAuY\">[</span>44<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAuc\">]</span></span></a></sup>, «<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\" id=\"mwAug\"> </span>en reconnaissance de ses services dans le progrès de la chimie par la découverte des éléments radium et polonium, par l'isolation du radium et l'étude de la nature et des composés de cet élément remarquable.<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\" id=\"mwAuk\"> </span>»</p>\n\n<p id=\"mwAuo\">Pour les réserves de <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pechblende\" title=\"Pechblende\" id=\"mwAus\">pechblende</a> d'où la physicienne extrayait les deux éléments fraîchement découverts, elle pouvait compter sur la générosité du baron <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henri_de_Rothschild\" title=\"Henri de Rothschild\" id=\"mwAuw\">Henri de Rothschild</a> qui lui a livré dix tonnes de <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extraction_de_l'uranium\" title=\"Extraction de l'uranium\" id=\"mwAu0\">minerai d'uranium</a> venant de Bohême. Cette source ayant été ensuite réservée pour l'Autriche, Marie Curie a dû compter sur l'industriel français <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Émile_Armet_de_Lisle\" title=\"Émile Armet de Lisle\" id=\"mwAu4\">Armet de Lisle</a>.</p>\n\n</section><section data-mw-section-id=\"15\" id=\"mwAu8\" aria-labelledby=\"Détermination_de_la_masse_atomique_du_radium\"><div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading3\"><h3 id=\"Détermination_de_la_masse_atomique_du_radium\"><span id=\"D.C3.A9termination_de_la_masse_atomique_du_radium\" typeof=\"mw:FallbackId\"></span>Détermination de la masse atomique du radium</h3></div>\n<p id=\"mwAvA\">Pour déterminer la masse atomique du radium, Marie Curie a dissous du chlorure de radium de masse connue, puis fait précipiter les ions chlorure par ajout de nitrate d'argent. En déterminant la masse du chlorure d'argent précipité, connaissant les masses atomiques du chlore et de l'argent, elle put en déduire la masse de chlore présente dans le chlorure de radium initial, et déterminer ainsi par simple soustraction la masse atomique du radium.</p>\n\n</section></section><section data-mw-section-id=\"16\" id=\"mwAvE\" aria-labelledby=\"Œuvres\"><div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading2\"><h2 id=\"Œuvres\"><span id=\".C5.92uvres\" typeof=\"mw:FallbackId\"></span>Œuvres</h2></div>\n<ul id=\"mwAvI\"><li id=\"mwAvM\"><i id=\"mwAvQ\">Rayons émis par les composés de l’uranium et du thorium</i>, 1898.</li>\n<li id=\"mwAvU\"><i id=\"mwAvY\">Les nouvelles substances radioactives</i>, 1900.</li>\n<li id=\"mwAvc\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.loc.gov/resource/rbctos.2017gen10116/\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwAvg\"><i id=\"mwAvk\">Recherches sur les substances radioactives</i></a>, <abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"Deuxième\" about=\"#mwt186\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwAvo\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"2e\",\"href\":\"./Modèle:2e\"},\"params\":{},\"i\":0}}]}'>2<sup>e</sup></abbr> édition, Paris, 1904.</li>\n<li id=\"mwAvs\">Préface des <i id=\"mwAvw\">Œuvres de Pierre Curie</i>, 1908.</li>\n<li id=\"mwAv0\"><i id=\"mwAv4\">Traité de radioactivité</i>, tome 1, 1910.</li>\n<li id=\"mwAv8\"><i id=\"mwAwA\">Traité de radioactivité</i>, tome 2, 1910.</li>\n<li id=\"mwAwE\"><i id=\"mwAwI\">La Radiologie et la guerre</i>, 1921.</li>\n<li id=\"mwAwM\"><i id=\"mwAwQ\">Pierre Curie</i>, 1924.</li>\n<li id=\"mwAwU\"><i id=\"mwAwY\">Les Rayons alpha, beta, gamma des corps radioactifs en relation avec la structure nucléaire</i>, 1933.</li>\n<li id=\"mwAwc\"><span class=\"ouvrage\" id=\"Curie2003\" about=\"#mwt187\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"Ouvrage\",\"href\":\"./Modèle:Ouvrage\"},\"params\":{\"auteur1\":{\"wt\":\"Marie Curie\"},\"titre\":{\"wt\":\"Leçons de Marie Curie (recueillies par Isabelle Chavannes en 1907) : Physique élémentaire pour les enfants de nos amis\"},\"éditeur\":{\"wt\":\"EDP Science\"},\"date\":{\"wt\":\"2003\"},\"oclc\":{\"wt\":\"1268713764\"},\"format électronique\":{\"wt\":\"livre numérique\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'><span class=\"ouvrage\" id=\"Marie_Curie2003\">Marie Curie, <cite class=\"italique\">Leçons de Marie Curie (recueillies par Isabelle Chavannes en 1907)<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\"> </span>: Physique élémentaire pour les enfants de nos amis</cite>, EDP Science, <time>2003</time> <small style=\"line-height:1em;\">(<a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Online_Computer_Library_Center\" title=\"Online Computer Library Center\">OCLC</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span class=\"plainlinks noarchive nowrap\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://worldcat.org/fr/title/1268713764\" class=\"external text\">1268713764</a></span>)</small><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Le%C3%A7ons+de+Marie+Curie+%28recueillies+par+Isabelle+Chavannes+en+1907%29+%3A+Physique+%C3%A9l%C3%A9mentaire+pour+les+enfants+de+nos+amis&amp;rft.pub=EDP+Science&amp;rft.aulast=Curie&amp;rft.aufirst=Marie&amp;rft.date=2003&amp;rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1268713764&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AMarie+Curie\"></span></span></span></li></ul>\n\n</section><section data-mw-section-id=\"17\" id=\"mwAwg\" aria-labelledby=\"Hommages\"><div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading2\"><h2 id=\"Hommages\">Hommages</h2></div>\n<figure class=\"mw-default-size\" typeof=\"mw:File/Thumb\" id=\"mwAwk\"><a href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fichier:Panthéon_Pierre_et_Marie_Curie.JPG\" class=\"mw-file-description\" id=\"mwAwo\"><img resource=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fichier:Panthéon_Pierre_et_Marie_Curie.JPG\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Panth%C3%A9on_Pierre_et_Marie_Curie.JPG/250px-Panth%C3%A9on_Pierre_et_Marie_Curie.JPG?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Panth%C3%A9on_Pierre_et_Marie_Curie.JPG/500px-Panth%C3%A9on_Pierre_et_Marie_Curie.JPG?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" data-file-width=\"1536\" data-file-height=\"2048\" data-file-type=\"bitmap\" height=\"253\" width=\"190\" class=\"mw-file-element mw-file-upright\" style=\"--mw-file-upright: 0.75\" id=\"mwAws\"/></a><figcaption id=\"mwAww\">Tombes de Marie (en haut) et de <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_Curie\" title=\"Pierre Curie\" id=\"mwAw0\">Pierre Curie</a> (en bas) au <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panthéon_(Paris)\" title=\"Panthéon (Paris)\" id=\"mwAw4\">Panthéon</a>.</figcaption></figure>\n<p id=\"mwAw8\">L'année 2011 a été proclamée «<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\" id=\"mwAxA\"> </span>année Marie Curie<sup about=\"#mwt189\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-58\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-58\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-58\" id=\"mwAxE\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwAxI\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAxM\">[</span>58<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAxQ\">]</span></span></a></sup><span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\" id=\"mwAxU\"> </span>» et <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Année_internationale_de_la_chimie\" title=\"Année internationale de la chimie\" id=\"mwAxY\">année internationale de la chimie</a> par l’<a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assemblée_générale_des_Nations_unies\" title=\"Assemblée générale des Nations unies\" id=\"mwAxc\">Assemblée générale des Nations unies</a> pour célébrer le <abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"Centième\" about=\"#mwt188\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwAxg\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"100e\",\"href\":\"./Modèle:100e\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"anniversaire\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'>100<sup>e</sup></abbr><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" about=\"#mwt188\"> </span><span about=\"#mwt188\">anniversaire</span> de son <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prix_Nobel_de_chimie\" title=\"Prix Nobel de chimie\" id=\"mwAxk\">prix Nobel de chimie</a>.</p>\n\n<section data-mw-section-id=\"18\" id=\"mwAxo\" aria-labelledby=\"Distinctions\"><div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading3\"><h3 id=\"Distinctions\">Distinctions</h3></div>\n<ul id=\"mwAxs\"><li id=\"mwAxw\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prix_Nobel_de_physique\" title=\"Prix Nobel de physique\" id=\"mwAx0\">Prix Nobel de physique</a> (1903), aux côtés de son époux — prix partagé avec <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henri_Becquerel\" title=\"Henri Becquerel\" id=\"mwAx4\">Henri Becquerel</a><sup about=\"#mwt190\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-laureat_Nobel_1903_29-2\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{\"name\":\"laureat_Nobel_1903\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-laureat_Nobel_1903-29\" id=\"mwAx8\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwAyA\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAyE\">[</span>29<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAyI\">]</span></span></a></sup><span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\" id=\"mwAyM\"> </span>;</li>\n<li id=\"mwAyQ\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prix_Acton\" title=\"Prix Acton\" id=\"mwAyU\">Prix Acton</a> (1907), pour son essai <i id=\"mwAyY\">Recherches sur les Substances Radioactives</i><span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\" id=\"mwAyc\"> </span>;</li>\n<li id=\"mwAyg\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prix_Nobel_de_chimie\" title=\"Prix Nobel de chimie\" id=\"mwAyk\">Prix Nobel de chimie</a> (1911), à titre individuel pour ses travaux sur le <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polonium\" title=\"Polonium\" id=\"mwAyo\">polonium</a> et le <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radium\" title=\"Radium\" id=\"mwAys\">radium</a><sup about=\"#mwt191\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-laureat_Nobel_1911_44-2\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{\"name\":\"laureat_Nobel_1911\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-laureat_Nobel_1911-44\" id=\"mwAyw\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwAy0\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAy4\">[</span>44<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAy8\">]</span></span></a></sup><span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\" id=\"mwAzA\"> </span>;</li>\n<li id=\"mwAzE\">Avec son époux Pierre Curie, elle refuse la <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ordre_national_de_la_Légion_d'honneur\" title=\"Ordre national de la Légion d'honneur\" id=\"mwAzI\">Légion d'honneur</a>. Pierre Curie déclare<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\" id=\"mwAzM\"> </span>: <span class=\"citation\" about=\"#mwt192\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwAzQ\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"Citation\",\"href\":\"./Modèle:Citation\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"Je n&apos;en vois pas la nécessité\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'>«<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\"> </span>Je n'en vois pas la nécessité<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\"> </span>»</span>. Selon <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ève_Curie\" title=\"Ève Curie\" id=\"mwAzU\">Ève Curie</a>, Marie l’aurait acceptée si elle lui avait été donnée pour «<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\" id=\"mwAzY\"> </span>fait de guerre<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\" id=\"mwAzc\"> </span>» à la suite de la mise en place des «<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\" id=\"mwAzg\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petites_Curies\" title=\"Petites Curies\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwAzk\">petites Curies</a><span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\" id=\"mwAzo\"> </span>»<sup about=\"#mwt193\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-59\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-59\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-59\" id=\"mwAzs\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwAzw\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAz0\">[</span>59<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwAz4\">]</span></span></a></sup>.</li></ul>\n\n</section><section data-mw-section-id=\"19\" id=\"mwAz8\" aria-labelledby=\"Au_Panthéon\"><div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading3\"><h3 id=\"Au_Panthéon\"><span id=\"Au_Panth.C3.A9on\" typeof=\"mw:FallbackId\"></span>Au Panthéon</h3></div>\n<figure class=\"mw-default-size\" typeof=\"mw:File/Thumb\" id=\"mwA0A\"><a href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fichier:Pantheon_Paris_2008.JPG\" class=\"mw-file-description\" id=\"mwA0E\"><img resource=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fichier:Pantheon_Paris_2008.JPG\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Pantheon_Paris_2008.JPG/250px-Pantheon_Paris_2008.JPG?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Pantheon_Paris_2008.JPG/500px-Pantheon_Paris_2008.JPG?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" data-file-width=\"2260\" data-file-height=\"1863\" data-file-type=\"bitmap\" height=\"206\" width=\"250\" class=\"mw-file-element\" id=\"mwA0I\"/></a><figcaption id=\"mwA0M\">Le <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panthéon_(Paris)\" title=\"Panthéon (Paris)\" id=\"mwA0Q\">Panthéon</a>, à <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris\" title=\"Paris\" id=\"mwA0U\">Paris</a>.</figcaption></figure>\n<p id=\"mwA0Y\">D'abord inhumée à Sceaux dans le caveau de la famille Curie, ses restes ont été transférés avec ceux de son mari <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_Curie\" title=\"Pierre Curie\" id=\"mwA0c\">Pierre Curie</a> dans le <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liste_des_personnes_inhumées_au_Panthéon_de_Paris#Personnalités_inhumées\" title=\"Liste des personnes inhumées au Panthéon de Paris\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwA0g\"><span class=\"nowrap\" about=\"#mwt199\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwA0k\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"nobr\",\"href\":\"./Modèle:Nobr\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"caveau {{VIII}}\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'>caveau <abbr class=\"abbr \" title=\"8\"><span class=\"romain\" style=\"text-transform:uppercase\">VIII</span></abbr></span></a> du <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panthéon_(Paris)#1995\" title=\"Panthéon (Paris)\" id=\"mwA0o\">Panthéon</a> à Paris le <time class=\"nowrap\" datetime=\"1995-04-20\" data-sort-value=\"1995-04-20\" about=\"#mwt194\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwA0s\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"date\",\"href\":\"./Modèle:Date\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"20 avril 1995\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'>20 avril 1995</time>, sur décision du président <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/François_Mitterrand\" title=\"François Mitterrand\" id=\"mwA0w\">François Mitterrand</a> et en présence du président polonais <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lech_Wałęsa\" title=\"Lech Wałęsa\" id=\"mwA00\">Lech Wałęsa</a>. Elle est, jusqu'en 2014, la seule femme honorée au Panthéon pour son mérite propre<sup about=\"#mwt196\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-60\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-60\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-60\" id=\"mwA04\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwA08\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwA1A\">[</span>60<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwA1E\">]</span></span></a></sup>. Pour éviter tout risque d'irradiation résiduelle, son corps momifié, sorti de son cercueil contenant une couche de plomb entre deux épaisseurs de bois, est placé au Panthéon dans une sépulture plombée<sup about=\"#mwt198\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-61\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-61\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-61\" id=\"mwA1I\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwA1M\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwA1Q\">[</span>61<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwA1U\">]</span></span></a></sup>.</p>\n\n<p id=\"mwA1Y\">Cette précaution est en fait inutile<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\" id=\"mwA1c\"> </span>: les analyses faites par l'<a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Office_de_protection_contre_les_rayonnements_ionisants\" title=\"Office de protection contre les rayonnements ionisants\" id=\"mwA1g\">Office de protection contre les rayonnements ionisants</a> au moment où le corps a été transféré du <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cimetière_de_Sceaux\" title=\"Cimetière de Sceaux\" id=\"mwA1k\">cimetière de Sceaux</a> au Panthéon en <time class=\"nowrap\" datetime=\"1995-04\" data-sort-value=\"1995-04\" about=\"#mwt200\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwA1o\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"date\",\"href\":\"./Modèle:Date\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"avril 1995\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'>avril 1995</time> montrent un niveau résiduel de radioactivité du squelette de <span about=\"#mwt201\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwA1s\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"unité\",\"href\":\"./Modèle:Unité\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"0.2 [[Becquerel|Bq]]/cm2\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'>0,2 </span><abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"becquerel par centimètre carré\" about=\"#mwt201\" id=\"mwA1w\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Becquerel\" title=\"Becquerel\">Bq</a>/cm<sup>2</sup></abbr> beta et <span about=\"#mwt202\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwA10\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"unité\",\"href\":\"./Modèle:Unité\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"0.5 Bq/cm2\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'>0,5 </span><abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"becquerel par centimètre carré\" about=\"#mwt202\" id=\"mwA14\">Bq/cm<sup>2</sup></abbr> alpha, ainsi qu'un niveau inférieur au seuil de détectabilité pour le cercueil<sup about=\"#mwt206\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-62\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-62\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-62\" id=\"mwA18\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwA2A\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwA2E\">[</span>62<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwA2I\">]</span></span></a></sup><sup class=\"reference cite_virgule\" about=\"#mwt203\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwA2M\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\",\",\"href\":\"./Modèle:,\"},\"params\":{},\"i\":0}}]}'>,</sup><sup about=\"#mwt207\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-Lubeneau_63-0\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{\"name\":\"Lubeneau\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-Lubeneau-63\" id=\"mwA2Q\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwA2U\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwA2Y\">[</span>63<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwA2c\">]</span></span></a></sup>. Le <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotopes_du_radium\" title=\"Isotopes du radium\" id=\"mwA2g\">radium 226</a> présent dans son corps aurait pu être éliminé spontanément dans les dernières années de sa vie pour plusieurs raisons<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\" id=\"mwA2k\"> </span>: du fait de l'amélioration des mesures de protection dans son laboratoire et d'une activité moindre sur ce sujet de recherche. La demi-vie biologique du radium est de 900 jours dans le corps entier et de 5,5 ans dans les os. Chez une femme ménopausée, l'<a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ostéoporose\" title=\"Ostéoporose\" id=\"mwA2o\">ostéoporose</a> aurait accéléré l'élimination du radium<sup about=\"#mwt209\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-Lubeneau_63-1\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{\"name\":\"Lubeneau\"},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-Lubeneau-63\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-Lubeneau-63\" id=\"mwA2s\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwA2w\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwA20\">[</span>63<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwA24\">]</span></span></a></sup>.</p>\n\n</section><section data-mw-section-id=\"20\" id=\"mwA28\" aria-labelledby=\"Musées_Curie\"><div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading3\"><h3 id=\"Musées_Curie\"><span id=\"Mus.C3.A9es_Curie\" typeof=\"mw:FallbackId\"></span>Musées Curie</h3></div>\n<ul id=\"mwA3A\"><li id=\"mwA3E\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris\" title=\"Paris\" id=\"mwA3I\">Paris</a><span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\" id=\"mwA3M\"> </span>: au sein de l’<a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institut_Curie\" title=\"Institut Curie\" id=\"mwA3Q\">institut Curie</a><sup about=\"#mwt211\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-64\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-64\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-64\" id=\"mwA3U\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwA3Y\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwA3c\">[</span>64<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwA3g\">]</span></span></a></sup> à Paris, un <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musée_Curie\" title=\"Musée Curie\" id=\"mwA3k\">musée Curie</a> a été édifié dans les locaux mêmes de l'ancien <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institut_du_radium\" title=\"Institut du radium\" id=\"mwA3o\">Institut du radium</a>, où la scientifique travailla jusqu'à sa mort. Entièrement gratuit, il propose au public de découvrir un riche patrimoine scientifique et retrace, à travers les parcours personnel et professionnel de la famille aux cinq prix Nobel, les grandes étapes de l'histoire de la radioactivité et de la lutte contre le cancer.</li>\n<li id=\"mwA3s\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varsovie\" title=\"Varsovie\" id=\"mwA3w\">Varsovie</a><span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\" id=\"mwA30\"> </span>: le <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musée_Maria_Skłodowska-Curie_(Varsovie)\" title=\"Musée Maria Skłodowska-Curie (Varsovie)\" id=\"mwA34\">musée Maria Skłodowska-Curie</a>, situé <i id=\"mwA38\"><span class=\"lang-pl\" lang=\"pl\" about=\"#mwt212\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwA4A\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"langue\",\"href\":\"./Modèle:Langue\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"pl\"},\"2\":{\"wt\":\"[[Rue Freta|ulica Freta]]\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rue_Freta\" title=\"Rue Freta\">ulica Freta</a></span></i> 16.</li></ul>\n\n</section><section data-mw-section-id=\"21\" id=\"mwA4E\" aria-labelledby=\"Monuments\"><div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading3\"><h3 id=\"Monuments\">Monuments</h3></div>\n<ul id=\"mwA4I\"><li id=\"mwA4M\">Monument à l'<a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Université_Marie_Curie-Skłodowska\" title=\"Université Marie Curie-Skłodowska\" id=\"mwA4Q\">université Marie Curie-Skłodowska</a> de <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lublin\" title=\"Lublin\" id=\"mwA4U\">Lublin</a> en <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pologne\" title=\"Pologne\" id=\"mwA4Y\">Pologne</a></li>\n<li id=\"mwA4c\">Autre monument dans la vieille ville de <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Police_(Pologne)\" title=\"Police (Pologne)\" id=\"mwA4g\">Police</a> en <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pologne\" title=\"Pologne\" id=\"mwA4k\">Pologne</a></li></ul>\n\n<ul class=\"gallery mw-gallery-packed\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/gallery\" about=\"#mwt213\" id=\"mwA4o\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"gallery\",\"attrs\":{\"mode\":\"packed\"},\"body\":{}}'>\n<li class=\"gallerycaption\" id=\"mwA4s\">Monuments portant le nom Marie Skłodowska-Curie</li>\n<li class=\"gallerybox\" style=\"width: 92px;\" id=\"mwA4w\"><div class=\"thumb\" style=\"width: 90px;\" id=\"mwA40\"><span typeof=\"mw:File\" id=\"mwA44\"><a href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fichier:Sklodowska-Curie_statue,_Warsaw.JPG\" class=\"mw-file-description\" title=\"Monument à Varsovie, Pologne.\" id=\"mwA48\"><img resource=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fichier:Sklodowska-Curie_statue,_Warsaw.JPG\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Sklodowska-Curie_statue%2C_Warsaw.JPG/250px-Sklodowska-Curie_statue%2C_Warsaw.JPG?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Sklodowska-Curie_statue%2C_Warsaw.JPG/330px-Sklodowska-Curie_statue%2C_Warsaw.JPG?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" alt=\"Monument à Varsovie, Pologne.\" data-file-width=\"2112\" data-file-height=\"2816\" data-file-type=\"bitmap\" height=\"120\" width=\"90\" class=\"mw-file-element\" id=\"mwA5A\"/></a></span></div><div class=\"gallerytext\" id=\"mwA5E\">Monument à <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varsovie\" title=\"Varsovie\" id=\"mwA5I\">Varsovie</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pologne\" title=\"Pologne\" id=\"mwA5M\">Pologne</a>.</div></li>\n<li class=\"gallerybox\" style=\"width: 92px;\" id=\"mwA5Q\"><div class=\"thumb\" style=\"width: 90px;\" id=\"mwA5U\"><span typeof=\"mw:File\" id=\"mwA5Y\"><a href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fichier:Lublin_UMCS_Pomnik_Marii_Curie-Skłodowskiej.jpg\" class=\"mw-file-description\" title=\"Monument à Lublin, Pologne.\" id=\"mwA5c\"><img resource=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fichier:Lublin_UMCS_Pomnik_Marii_Curie-Skłodowskiej.jpg\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Lublin_UMCS_Pomnik_Marii_Curie-Sk%C5%82odowskiej.jpg/250px-Lublin_UMCS_Pomnik_Marii_Curie-Sk%C5%82odowskiej.jpg?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Lublin_UMCS_Pomnik_Marii_Curie-Sk%C5%82odowskiej.jpg/330px-Lublin_UMCS_Pomnik_Marii_Curie-Sk%C5%82odowskiej.jpg?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" alt=\"Monument à Lublin, Pologne.\" data-file-width=\"2112\" data-file-height=\"2816\" data-file-type=\"bitmap\" height=\"120\" width=\"90\" class=\"mw-file-element\" id=\"mwA5g\"/></a></span></div><div class=\"gallerytext\" id=\"mwA5k\">Monument à <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lublin\" title=\"Lublin\" id=\"mwA5o\">Lublin</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pologne\" title=\"Pologne\" id=\"mwA5s\">Pologne</a>.</div></li>\n<li class=\"gallerybox\" style=\"width: 84px;\" id=\"mwA5w\"><div class=\"thumb\" style=\"width: 82px;\" id=\"mwA50\"><span typeof=\"mw:File\" id=\"mwA54\"><a href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fichier:0904_PMSK_Police_ZPL.JPG\" class=\"mw-file-description\" title=\"Monument à Police en Pologne.\" id=\"mwA58\"><img resource=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fichier:0904_PMSK_Police_ZPL.JPG\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/0904_PMSK_Police_ZPL.JPG/250px-0904_PMSK_Police_ZPL.JPG?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"Monument à Police en Pologne.\" data-file-width=\"1774\" data-file-height=\"2593\" data-file-type=\"bitmap\" height=\"120\" width=\"82\" class=\"mw-file-element\" id=\"mwA6A\"/></a></span></div><div class=\"gallerytext\" id=\"mwA6E\">Monument à <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Police_(Pologne)\" title=\"Police (Pologne)\" id=\"mwA6I\">Police</a> en <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pologne\" title=\"Pologne\" id=\"mwA6M\">Pologne</a>.</div></li>\n</ul>\n\n</section><section data-mw-section-id=\"22\" id=\"mwA6Q\" aria-labelledby=\"Sciences\"><div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading3\"><h3 id=\"Sciences\">Sciences</h3></div>\n<ul id=\"mwA6U\"><li id=\"mwA6Y\">L’<a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Élément_chimique\" title=\"Élément chimique\" id=\"mwA6c\">élément</a> atomique <abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"numéro\" about=\"#mwt214\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwA6g\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"numéro\",\"href\":\"./Modèle:Numéro\"},\"params\":{},\"i\":0}}]}'>n<sup>o</sup></abbr><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" about=\"#mwt214\"> </span>96, découvert en 1944, a été baptisé <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curium\" title=\"Curium\" id=\"mwA6k\">curium</a> en l’honneur de <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_Curie\" title=\"Pierre Curie\" id=\"mwA6o\">Pierre</a> et Marie Curie.</li>\n<li id=\"mwA6s\">L'<a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astéroïde\" title=\"Astéroïde\" id=\"mwA6w\">astéroïde</a> <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/(7000)_Curie\" title=\"(7000) Curie\" id=\"mwA60\">(7000) Curie</a>, découvert en 1939, a été baptisé en son honneur.</li>\n<li id=\"mwA64\">L'<a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Union_astronomique_internationale\" title=\"Union astronomique internationale\" id=\"mwA68\">Union astronomique internationale</a> a donné le nom de «<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\" id=\"mwA7A\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sklodowska\" title=\"Sklodowska\" id=\"mwA7E\">Sklodowska</a><span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\" id=\"mwA7I\"> </span>» à un <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cratères_lunaires\" title=\"Cratères lunaires\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwA7M\">cratère lunaire</a> en 1961 et à un <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liste_des_cratères_d'impact_sur_Mars\" title=\"Liste des cratères d'impact sur Mars\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwA7Q\">cratère martien</a> en 1973.</li>\n<li id=\"mwA7U\">La <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sklodowskite\" title=\"Sklodowskite\" id=\"mwA7Y\">sklodowskite</a>, la <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curite\" title=\"Curite\" id=\"mwA7c\">curite</a> et la <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuprosklodowskite\" title=\"Cuprosklodowskite\" id=\"mwA7g\">cuprosklodowskite</a> sont des minéraux fortement radioactifs du groupe des silicates.</li></ul>\n\n<ul class=\"gallery mw-gallery-packed\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/gallery\" about=\"#mwt215\" id=\"mwA7k\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"gallery\",\"attrs\":{\"mode\":\"packed\"},\"body\":{}}'>\n<li class=\"gallerybox\" style=\"width: 196.66666666667px;\" id=\"mwA7o\"><div class=\"thumb\" style=\"width: 194.66666666667px;\" id=\"mwA7s\"><span typeof=\"mw:File\" id=\"mwA7w\"><a href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fichier:Curite.jpg\" class=\"mw-file-description\" title=\"La curite (de formule chimique Pb3(UO2)8O8(OH)6·3(H2O)), minéral radioactif.\" id=\"mwA70\"><img resource=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fichier:Curite.jpg\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Curite.jpg/330px-Curite.jpg?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6d/Curite.jpg?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled 2x\" alt=\"La curite (de formule chimique Pb3(UO2)8O8(OH)6·3(H2O)), minéral radioactif.\" data-file-width=\"412\" data-file-height=\"254\" data-file-type=\"bitmap\" height=\"120\" width=\"195\" class=\"mw-file-element\" id=\"mwA74\"/></a></span></div><div class=\"gallerytext\" id=\"mwA78\">La curite (de formule chimique Pb<sub id=\"mwA8A\">3</sub>(UO<sub id=\"mwA8E\">2</sub>)<sub id=\"mwA8I\">8</sub>O<sub id=\"mwA8M\">8</sub>(OH)<sub id=\"mwA8Q\">6</sub>·3(H<sub id=\"mwA8U\">2</sub>O)), minéral radioactif.</div></li>\n<li class=\"gallerybox\" style=\"width: 182.66666666667px;\" id=\"mwA8Y\"><div class=\"thumb\" style=\"width: 180.66666666667px;\" id=\"mwA8c\"><span typeof=\"mw:File\" id=\"mwA8g\"><a href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fichier:Joseph-de-la-neziere-pierre-et-marie-curie-decouvrent-le-radium-1938.jpg\" class=\"mw-file-description\" title=\"1931, Union internationale contre le cancer.\" id=\"mwA8k\"><img resource=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fichier:Joseph-de-la-neziere-pierre-et-marie-curie-decouvrent-le-radium-1938.jpg\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Joseph-de-la-neziere-pierre-et-marie-curie-decouvrent-le-radium-1938.jpg/330px-Joseph-de-la-neziere-pierre-et-marie-curie-decouvrent-le-radium-1938.jpg?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8e/Joseph-de-la-neziere-pierre-et-marie-curie-decouvrent-le-radium-1938.jpg?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled 2x\" alt=\"1931, Union internationale contre le cancer.\" data-file-width=\"600\" data-file-height=\"399\" data-file-type=\"bitmap\" height=\"120\" width=\"181\" class=\"mw-file-element\" id=\"mwA8o\"/></a></span></div><div class=\"gallerytext\" id=\"mwA8s\">1931, Union internationale contre le cancer.</div></li>\n</ul>\n\n</section><section data-mw-section-id=\"23\" id=\"mwA8w\" aria-labelledby=\"Universités,_enseignement,_hôpitaux\"><div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading3\"><h3 id=\"Universités,_enseignement,_hôpitaux\"><span id=\"Universit.C3.A9s.2C_enseignement.2C_h.C3.B4pitaux\" typeof=\"mw:FallbackId\"></span>Universités, enseignement, hôpitaux</h3></div>\n<figure class=\"mw-default-size\" typeof=\"mw:File/Thumb\" id=\"mwA80\"><a href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fichier:Laboratory_-_Pierre_&amp;_Marie_Curie_-_10_rue_Vauquelin,_Paris_5.jpg\" class=\"mw-file-description\" id=\"mwA84\"><img resource=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fichier:Laboratory_-_Pierre_&amp;_Marie_Curie_-_10_rue_Vauquelin,_Paris_5.jpg\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Laboratory_-_Pierre_%26_Marie_Curie_-_10_rue_Vauquelin%2C_Paris_5.jpg/250px-Laboratory_-_Pierre_%26_Marie_Curie_-_10_rue_Vauquelin%2C_Paris_5.jpg?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Laboratory_-_Pierre_%26_Marie_Curie_-_10_rue_Vauquelin%2C_Paris_5.jpg/500px-Laboratory_-_Pierre_%26_Marie_Curie_-_10_rue_Vauquelin%2C_Paris_5.jpg?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" data-file-width=\"2907\" data-file-height=\"3295\" data-file-type=\"bitmap\" height=\"215\" width=\"190\" class=\"mw-file-element mw-file-upright\" style=\"--mw-file-upright: 0.75\" id=\"mwA88\"/></a><figcaption id=\"mwA9A\">Plaque aposée au 10 <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rue_Vauquelin_(Paris)\" title=\"Rue Vauquelin (Paris)\" id=\"mwA9E\">rue Vauquelin</a> à Paris.</figcaption></figure>\n<ul id=\"mwA9I\"><li id=\"mwA9M\">L'Institut central national polonais de cancérologie nommé <i id=\"mwA9Q\"><span class=\"lang-pl\" lang=\"pl\" about=\"#mwt216\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwA9U\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"langue\",\"href\":\"./Modèle:Langue\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"pl\"},\"2\":{\"wt\":\"Centrum Onkologii – Instytut im. Marii Skłodowskiej-Curie\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'>Centrum Onkologii – Instytut im. Marii Skłodowskiej-Curie</span></i>, à Varsovie («<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\" id=\"mwA9Y\"> </span>Centre d'oncologie - institut Marie Sklodowska-Curie<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\" id=\"mwA9c\"> </span>»<sup about=\"#mwt217\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-65\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-65\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-65\" id=\"mwA9g\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwA9k\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwA9o\">[</span>65<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwA9s\">]</span></span></a></sup>).</li>\n<li id=\"mwA9w\">Un centre d'imagerie médicale de l'hôpital de <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soissons\" title=\"Soissons\" id=\"mwA90\">Soissons</a> dans l'<a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aisne_(département)\" title=\"Aisne (département)\" id=\"mwA94\">Aisne</a> porte le nom de Marie Curie<sup about=\"#mwt219\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-66\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-66\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-66\" id=\"mwA98\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwA-A\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwA-E\">[</span>66<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwA-I\">]</span></span></a></sup>.</li>\n<li id=\"mwA-M\">L'<a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Université_Pierre-et-Marie-Curie\" title=\"Université Pierre-et-Marie-Curie\" id=\"mwA-Q\">université Paris 6</a>, en <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/France\" title=\"France\" id=\"mwA-U\">France</a>, porte le nom d’université Pierre-et-Marie-Curie.</li>\n<li id=\"mwA-Y\">L’université publique de <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lublin\" title=\"Lublin\" id=\"mwA-c\">Lublin</a>, en <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pologne\" title=\"Pologne\" id=\"mwA-g\">Pologne</a>, porte le nom d'<a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Université_Marie_Curie-Skłodowska\" title=\"Université Marie Curie-Skłodowska\" id=\"mwA-k\">université Marie Curie-Skłodowska</a>. <i id=\"mwA-o\">Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej w Lublinie</i><sup about=\"#mwt220\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-67\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-67\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-67\" id=\"mwA-s\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwA-w\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwA-0\">[</span>67<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwA-4\">]</span></span></a></sup>.</li>\n<li id=\"mwA-8\">À <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poitiers\" title=\"Poitiers\" id=\"mwA_A\">Poitiers</a>, une cité universitaire porte son nom, près d'une rue qui porte également son nom.</li>\n<li id=\"mwA_E\">La <i id=\"mwA_I\">Marie Curie <span class=\"lang-en\" lang=\"en\" about=\"#mwt221\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwA_M\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"langue\",\"href\":\"./Modèle:Langue\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"en\"},\"2\":{\"wt\":\"Fellowship Association\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'>Fellowship Association</span></i><sup about=\"#mwt222\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-68\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-68\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-68\" id=\"mwA_Q\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwA_U\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwA_Y\">[</span>68<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwA_c\">]</span></span></a></sup> est un programme d’aide à la mobilité géographique pour les jeunes chercheurs <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europe\" title=\"Europe\" id=\"mwA_g\">européens</a>.</li>\n<li id=\"mwA_k\">En 2015, Marie Curie est le douzième personnage le plus célébré au fronton des <span about=\"#mwt223\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwA_o\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"Unité\",\"href\":\"./Modèle:Unité\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"67000\"},\"2\":{\"wt\":\"établissements\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'>67 000 établissements</span> publics français<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\" id=\"mwA_s\"> </span>: pas moins de 360 écoles, collèges et lycées ont pris son nom, derrière <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_(Nouveau_Testament)\" title=\"Joseph (Nouveau Testament)\" id=\"mwA_w\">Joseph</a> (880), <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jules_Ferry\" title=\"Jules Ferry\" id=\"mwA_0\">Jules Ferry</a> (642), Notre-Dame (546), <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_Prévert\" title=\"Jacques Prévert\" id=\"mwA_4\">Jacques Prévert</a> (472), <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Moulin\" title=\"Jean Moulin\" id=\"mwA_8\">Jean Moulin</a> (434), <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Jaurès\" title=\"Jean Jaurès\" id=\"mwBAA\">Jean Jaurès</a> (429), <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeanne_d'Arc\" title=\"Jeanne d'Arc\" id=\"mwBAE\">Jeanne d'Arc</a> (423), <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antoine_de_Saint-Exupéry\" title=\"Antoine de Saint-Exupéry\" id=\"mwBAI\">Antoine de Saint-Exupéry</a> (418), <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_(mère_de_Jésus)\" title=\"Marie (mère de Jésus)\" id=\"mwBAM\">Sainte Marie</a> (377), <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victor_Hugo\" title=\"Victor Hugo\" id=\"mwBAQ\">Victor Hugo</a> (365), <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Pasteur\" title=\"Louis Pasteur\" id=\"mwBAU\">Louis Pasteur</a> (361), mais devant <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_Curie\" title=\"Pierre Curie\" id=\"mwBAY\">Pierre Curie</a> (357), <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_de_la_Fontaine\" title=\"Jean de la Fontaine\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwBAc\">Jean de la Fontaine</a> (335)<sup about=\"#mwt226\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-69\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-69\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-69\" id=\"mwBAg\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwBAk\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwBAo\">[</span>69<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwBAs\">]</span></span></a></sup>. Des lycées français portent le nom de Marie Curie à <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Échirolles\" title=\"Échirolles\" id=\"mwBAw\">Échirolles</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marseille\" title=\"Marseille\" id=\"mwBA0\">Marseille</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nogent-sur-Oise\" title=\"Nogent-sur-Oise\" id=\"mwBA4\">Nogent-sur-Oise</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sceaux_(Hauts-de-Seine)\" title=\"Sceaux (Hauts-de-Seine)\" id=\"mwBA8\">Sceaux</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strasbourg\" title=\"Strasbourg\" id=\"mwBBA\">Strasbourg</a> (qui a créé <i id=\"mwBBE\">Schulradio «<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\" id=\"mwBBI\"> </span>Marie Curie<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\" id=\"mwBBM\"> </span>»</i>), <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarbes\" title=\"Tarbes\" id=\"mwBBQ\">Tarbes</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Versailles\" title=\"Versailles\" id=\"mwBBU\">Versailles</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menton_(Alpes-Maritimes)\" title=\"Menton (Alpes-Maritimes)\" id=\"mwBBY\">Menton</a> (Alpes Maritimes), <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vire\" title=\"Vire\" id=\"mwBBc\">Vire</a> (Calvados) et <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Benoît_(La_Réunion)\" title=\"Saint-Benoît (La Réunion)\" id=\"mwBBg\">Saint-Benoît</a> (La Réunion). Des écoles et collèges français portent le nom de Marie Curie notamment à <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernay_(Eure)\" title=\"Bernay (Eure)\" id=\"mwBBk\">Bernay (Eure)</a>, à <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Désertines_(Allier)\" title=\"Désertines (Allier)\" id=\"mwBBo\">Désertines (Allier)</a>, à <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Étampes\" title=\"Étampes\" id=\"mwBBs\">Étampes</a>, à <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fontoy\" title=\"Fontoy\" id=\"mwBBw\">Fontoy</a> (Moselle), à <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Seyne-sur-Mer\" title=\"La Seyne-sur-Mer\" id=\"mwBB0\">La Seyne-sur-Mer</a>, aux <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Les_Lilas\" title=\"Les Lilas\" id=\"mwBB4\">Lilas</a> (Seine-Saint-Denis), à <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lunel\" title=\"Lunel\" id=\"mwBB8\">Lunel</a> (Hérault), à Paris (<abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"Dix-huitième\" about=\"#mwt224\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwBCA\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"18e\",\"href\":\"./Modèle:18e\"},\"params\":{},\"i\":0}}]}'>18<sup>e</sup></abbr>), à <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pignan\" title=\"Pignan\" id=\"mwBCE\">Pignan</a> (Hérault), à <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Provins\" title=\"Provins\" id=\"mwBCI\">Provins</a>, à <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rion-des-Landes\" title=\"Rion-des-Landes\" id=\"mwBCM\">Rion-des-Landes</a>, à <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Amand-les-Eaux\" title=\"Saint-Amand-les-Eaux\" id=\"mwBCQ\">Saint-Amand-les-Eaux</a>, à <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Laurent-Nouan\" title=\"Saint-Laurent-Nouan\" id=\"mwBCU\">Saint-Laurent-Nouan</a> (Loir-et-Cher), à <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tourcoing\" title=\"Tourcoing\" id=\"mwBCY\">Tourcoing</a>, à <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tournon-sur-Rhône\" title=\"Tournon-sur-Rhône\" id=\"mwBCc\">Tournon-sur-Rhône</a> (Ardèche), à <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Troyes\" title=\"Troyes\" id=\"mwBCg\">Troyes</a>, etc.</li>\n<li id=\"mwBCk\">Des lycées polonais portent le nom de Marie Curie (Liceum ogólnokształcące im. Marii Skłodowskiej-Curie) notamment à <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varsovie\" title=\"Varsovie\" id=\"mwBCo\">Varsovie</a> (XXIII Liceum ogólnokształcące), à <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katowice\" title=\"Katowice\" id=\"mwBCs\">Katowice</a> (VIII Liceum ogólnokształcące), à <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gorzów_Wielkopolski\" title=\"Gorzów Wielkopolski\" id=\"mwBCw\">Gorzów Wielkopolski</a> (II Liceum ogólnokształcące), à <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czechowice-Dziedzice\" title=\"Czechowice-Dziedzice\" id=\"mwBC0\">Czechowice-Dziedzice</a> (seul lycée), <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrychów\" title=\"Andrychów\" id=\"mwBC4\">Andrychów</a> (seul lycée), etc.</li>\n<li id=\"mwBC8\">Des écoles vietnamiennes portent le nom de Marie Curie<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\" id=\"mwBDA\"> </span>: le <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lycée_Marie-Curie_(Hô_Chi_Minh-Ville)\" title=\"Lycée Marie-Curie (Hô Chi Minh-Ville)\" id=\"mwBDE\">lycée Marie-Curie à Hô Chi Minh Ville</a> et l'école privée Marie-Curie à Hanoï.</li>\n<li id=\"mwBDI\">Une plaque à son nom est apposée à côté de l'entrée de l'<a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/École_supérieure_de_physique_et_de_chimie_industrielles_de_la_ville_de_Paris\" title=\"École supérieure de physique et de chimie industrielles de la ville de Paris\" id=\"mwBDM\">ESPCI</a>, rue Vauquelin, où était situé le laboratoire dans lequel furent isolés le radium et le polonium.</li>\n<li id=\"mwBDQ\">Le collège français de Montréal a nommé un de ses bâtiments «<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\" id=\"mwBDU\"> </span>pavillon Marie-Curie<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\" id=\"mwBDY\"> </span>», plus précisément le pavillon des sciences.</li>\n<li id=\"mwBDc\">L'<a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institut_national_des_sciences_appliquées_de_Lyon\" title=\"Institut national des sciences appliquées de Lyon\" id=\"mwBDg\">Institut national des sciences appliquées (INSA) de Lyon</a> fusionne en <time class=\"nowrap\" datetime=\"2009-11\" data-sort-value=\"2009-11\" about=\"#mwt227\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwBDk\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"date\",\"href\":\"./Modèle:Date\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"novembre 2009\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'>novembre 2009</time> ses deux principales <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bibliothèque\" title=\"Bibliothèque\" id=\"mwBDo\">bibliothèques</a> sous le nom <i id=\"mwBDs\">Bibliothèque Marie-Curie</i>, inaugurée en <time class=\"nowrap\" datetime=\"2010-04\" data-sort-value=\"2010-04\" about=\"#mwt228\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwBDw\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"date\",\"href\":\"./Modèle:Date\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"avril 2010\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'>avril 2010</time><sup about=\"#mwt229\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-70\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-70\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-70\" id=\"mwBD0\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwBD4\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwBD8\">[</span>70<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwBEA\">]</span></span></a></sup>.</li>\n<li id=\"mwBEE\">Les promotions 2011-2012 de l'<a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/École_nationale_d'administration_(France)\" title=\"École nationale d'administration (France)\" id=\"mwBEI\">École nationale d'administration</a> et du <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collège_d'Europe\" title=\"Collège d'Europe\" id=\"mwBEM\">Collège d'Europe</a> portent le nom de Marie Curie<sup about=\"#mwt230\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-71\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-71\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-71\" id=\"mwBEQ\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwBEU\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwBEY\">[</span>71<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwBEc\">]</span></span></a></sup>.</li>\n<li id=\"mwBEg\">L’amphithéâtre de mille places du <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Campus_5_de_Caen\" title=\"Campus 5 de Caen\" id=\"mwBEk\">pôle de formation sur la recherche et la santé</a> (PFRS) de <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caen\" title=\"Caen\" id=\"mwBEo\">Caen</a>, porte le nom de Marie Curie.</li>\n<li id=\"mwBEs\">L'<a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hôpital_civil_Marie_Curie\" title=\"Hôpital civil Marie Curie\" id=\"mwBEw\">hôpital civil Marie Curie</a> - <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charleroi\" title=\"Charleroi\" id=\"mwBE0\">Charleroi</a>.</li>\n<li id=\"mwBE4\">L'<a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/UCLouvain\" title=\"UCLouvain\" id=\"mwBE8\">UCLouvain</a> en Belgique possède un bâtiment d'auditoires et laboratoires au nom de Marie Curie (situé à côté du bâtiment Pierre Curie) dépendant de l'<a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/École_polytechnique_de_Louvain\" title=\"École polytechnique de Louvain\" id=\"mwBFA\">École polytechnique de Louvain</a>.</li></ul>\n\n</section><section data-mw-section-id=\"24\" id=\"mwBFE\" aria-labelledby=\"Émissions_monétaires\"><div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading3\"><h3 id=\"Émissions_monétaires\"><span id=\".C3.89missions_mon.C3.A9taires\" typeof=\"mw:FallbackId\"></span>Émissions monétaires</h3></div>\n<figure class=\"mw-default-size\" typeof=\"mw:File/Thumb\" id=\"mwBFI\"><a href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fichier:FRA-500f-anv.jpg\" class=\"mw-file-description\" id=\"mwBFM\"><img resource=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fichier:FRA-500f-anv.jpg\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/FRA-500f-anv.jpg/250px-FRA-500f-anv.jpg?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/FRA-500f-anv.jpg/500px-FRA-500f-anv.jpg?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" data-file-width=\"1280\" data-file-height=\"666\" data-file-type=\"bitmap\" height=\"130\" width=\"250\" class=\"mw-file-element\" id=\"mwBFQ\"/></a><figcaption id=\"mwBFU\">Billet de 500 <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franc_français\" title=\"Franc français\" id=\"mwBFY\">francs français</a>.</figcaption></figure>\n<ul id=\"mwBFc\"><li id=\"mwBFg\">Un billet de <span about=\"#mwt231\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwBFk\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"nb\",\"href\":\"./Modèle:Nb\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"500 [[franc français|francs français]]\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'>500 </span><abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"francs français\" about=\"#mwt231\" id=\"mwBFo\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franc_français\" title=\"Franc français\">francs français</a></abbr> a été émis <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billet_de_500_francs_Pierre_et_Marie_Curie\" title=\"Billet de 500 francs Pierre et Marie Curie\" id=\"mwBFs\">à l'effigie de Marie et Pierre Curie</a>.</li>\n<li id=\"mwBFw\">Un billet de <span about=\"#mwt232\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwBF0\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"nb\",\"href\":\"./Modèle:Nb\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"20000 [[złoty]]s\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'>20 000 </span><abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"złotys\" about=\"#mwt232\" id=\"mwBF4\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Złoty\" title=\"Złoty\">złotys</a></abbr> polonais a été émis à l’effigie de Marie Curie<sup about=\"#mwt234\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-72\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-72\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-72\" id=\"mwBF8\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwBGA\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwBGE\">[</span>72<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwBGI\">]</span></span></a></sup>.</li>\n<li id=\"mwBGM\">En 1984, trois pièces (frappe monnaie) de <span about=\"#mwt235\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwBGQ\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"unité\",\"href\":\"./Modèle:Unité\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"100\"},\"2\":{\"wt\":\"francs\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'>100 francs</span> <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pièce_de_100_francs_Marie_Curie\" title=\"Pièce de 100 francs Marie Curie\" id=\"mwBGU\">à son effigie</a>, en argent BU, argent BE et or BE, ont été frappées à l'occasion du cinquantenaire de sa mort.</li>\n<li id=\"mwBGY\">En 1997, deux pièces (frappe monnaie) ont été émises à l'effigie de Marie et Pierre Curie<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\" id=\"mwBGc\"> </span>: <span about=\"#mwt236\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwBGg\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"unité\",\"href\":\"./Modèle:Unité\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"100\"},\"2\":{\"wt\":\"francs\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'>100 francs</span> argent BE et <span about=\"#mwt237\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwBGk\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"unité\",\"href\":\"./Modèle:Unité\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"500\"},\"2\":{\"wt\":\"francs\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'>500 francs</span> or BE</li>\n<li id=\"mwBGo\">En 2006, deux pièces (frappe médaille) de <span about=\"#mwt238\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwBGs\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"unité\",\"href\":\"./Modèle:Unité\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"20\"},\"2\":{\"wt\":\"euros\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'>20 euros</span> sont sorties à son effigie, en argent BE et en or BE.</li>\n<li id=\"mwBGw\">En <time class=\"nowrap\" datetime=\"2024-03\" data-sort-value=\"2024-03\" about=\"#mwt239\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwBG0\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"date\",\"href\":\"./Modèle:Date\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"mars 2024\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'>mars 2024</time>, la <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monnaie_de_Paris\" title=\"Monnaie de Paris\" id=\"mwBG4\">Monnaie de Paris</a> annonce qu'elle va mettre en circulation une nouvelle pièce de 50 centimes d'euros à l'effigie de Marie Curie<sup about=\"#mwt241\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-73\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-73\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-73\" id=\"mwBG8\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwBHA\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwBHE\">[</span>73<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwBHI\">]</span></span></a></sup>.</li>\n<li id=\"mwBHM\">En 2025, elle est choisie pour figurer sur le recto des nouveaux billets de 20 euros, dans le thème «<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\" id=\"mwBHQ\"> </span>culture européenne<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\" id=\"mwBHU\"> </span>», dans le cadre d’un concours de graphisme et d’une enquête publique de la <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banque_centrale_européenne\" title=\"Banque centrale européenne\" id=\"mwBHY\">Banque centrale européenne</a> en 2026.</li></ul>\n\n</section><section data-mw-section-id=\"25\" id=\"mwBHc\" aria-labelledby=\"Philatélie\"><div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading3\"><h3 id=\"Philatélie\"><span id=\"Philat.C3.A9lie\" typeof=\"mw:FallbackId\"></span>Philatélie</h3></div>\n<ul id=\"mwBHg\"><li id=\"mwBHk\">En 1931, un timbre l'associant avec son mari pour l'Union internationale contre le cancer est dessiné par <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_de_La_Nézière\" title=\"Joseph de La Nézière\" id=\"mwBHo\">Joseph de La Nézière</a> pour l'administration postale française et décliné dans les différents territoires et colonies de l'époque.</li>\n<li id=\"mwBHs\">Un <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timbre_postal\" title=\"Timbre postal\" id=\"mwBHw\">timbre-poste</a> a été émis en 1938 (catalogue Yvert-Tellier <abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"numéro\" about=\"#mwt242\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwBH0\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"n°\",\"href\":\"./Modèle:N°\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"402\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'>n<sup>o</sup></abbr><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" about=\"#mwt242\"> </span><span about=\"#mwt242\">402</span>), à l'occasion des 40 ans de la découverte du <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radium\" title=\"Radium\" id=\"mwBH4\">radium</a> par <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_Curie\" title=\"Pierre Curie\" id=\"mwBH8\">Pierre</a> et Marie Curie<sup about=\"#mwt244\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-74\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-74\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-74\" id=\"mwBIA\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwBIE\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwBII\">[</span>74<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwBIM\">]</span></span></a></sup>.</li>\n<li id=\"mwBIQ\">Un timbre-poste a été émis en 1967 (catalogue Yvert-Tellier n° 1533), pour le centenaire de la naissance de Marie Curie<sup about=\"#mwt245\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-75\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-75\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-75\" id=\"mwBIU\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwBIY\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwBIc\">[</span>75<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwBIg\">]</span></span></a></sup>.</li>\n<li id=\"mwBIk\">Un timbre-poste a été émis en 1998 (catalogue Yvert-Tellier <abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"numéro\" about=\"#mwt246\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwBIo\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"n°\",\"href\":\"./Modèle:N°\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"3210\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'>n<sup>o</sup></abbr><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" about=\"#mwt246\"> </span><span about=\"#mwt246\">3210</span>), pour le centenaire de la découverte du radium.</li>\n<li id=\"mwBIs\">Deux timbres-poste ont été émis le <time class=\"nowrap\" datetime=\"2011-01-27\" data-sort-value=\"2011-01-27\" about=\"#mwt247\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwBIw\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"date\",\"href\":\"./Modèle:Date\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"27 janvier 2011\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'>27 janvier 2011</time> (catalogue Yvert-Tellier<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\" id=\"mwBI0\"> </span>: en feuille <abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"numéro\" about=\"#mwt248\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwBI4\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"n°\",\"href\":\"./Modèle:N°\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"4532\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'>n<sup>o</sup></abbr><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" about=\"#mwt248\"> </span><span about=\"#mwt248\">4532</span> et auto-adhésif <abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"numéro\" about=\"#mwt249\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwBI8\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"n°\",\"href\":\"./Modèle:N°\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"524\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'>n<sup>o</sup></abbr><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" about=\"#mwt249\"> </span><span about=\"#mwt249\">524</span>) pour inaugurer l'Année Internationale de la Chimie et célébrer le deuxième prix Nobel de Marie Curie<sup about=\"#mwt250\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-76\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-76\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-76\" id=\"mwBJA\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwBJE\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwBJI\">[</span>76<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwBJM\">]</span></span></a></sup>.</li>\n<li id=\"mwBJQ\">Deux collectors (carnets de 10 timbres tarif Lettre prioritaire et tarif Lettre verte) de MonTimbre@Moi (timbre personnalisé) ont été émis le <time class=\"nowrap\" datetime=\"2013-03-08\" data-sort-value=\"2013-03-08\" about=\"#mwt251\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwBJU\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"date\",\"href\":\"./Modèle:Date\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"8 mars 2013\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'>8 mars 2013</time> par le musée Curie (1 <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rue_Pierre-et-Marie-Curie\" title=\"Rue Pierre-et-Marie-Curie\" id=\"mwBJY\">rue Pierre-et-Marie-Curie</a> à Paris <abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"Cinquième\" about=\"#mwt252\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwBJc\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"5e\",\"href\":\"./Modèle:5e\"},\"params\":{},\"i\":0}}]}'>5<sup>e</sup></abbr>) pour la <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Journée_internationale_de_la_Femme\" title=\"Journée internationale de la Femme\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwBJg\">Journée Internationale de la Femme</a>. Ils représentent Marie en 1913 (centenaire de la photo servant de visuel).</li>\n<li id=\"mwBJk\">D'autres pays, comme la Pologne, l'Allemagne (ancienne DDR), la Russie, l'Espagne et Cuba ont aussi émis des timbres en son honneur.Autres</li></ul>\n\n</section><section data-mw-section-id=\"26\" id=\"mwBJo\" aria-labelledby=\"Rues,_station_de_métro…\"><div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading3\"><h3 id=\"Rues,_station_de_métro…\"><span id=\"Rues.2C_station_de_m.C3.A9tro.E2.80.A6\" typeof=\"mw:FallbackId\"></span>Rues, station de métro…</h3></div>\n<figure class=\"mw-default-size\" typeof=\"mw:File/Thumb\" id=\"mwBJs\"><a href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fichier:92_avenue_Jean-Jaurès._Domicile_de_Marie_Curie_en_1891.jpg\" class=\"mw-file-description\" id=\"mwBJw\"><img resource=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fichier:92_avenue_Jean-Jaurès._Domicile_de_Marie_Curie_en_1891.jpg\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/92_avenue_Jean-Jaur%C3%A8s._Domicile_de_Marie_Curie_en_1891.jpg/250px-92_avenue_Jean-Jaur%C3%A8s._Domicile_de_Marie_Curie_en_1891.jpg?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/92_avenue_Jean-Jaur%C3%A8s._Domicile_de_Marie_Curie_en_1891.jpg/500px-92_avenue_Jean-Jaur%C3%A8s._Domicile_de_Marie_Curie_en_1891.jpg?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" data-file-width=\"574\" data-file-height=\"560\" data-file-type=\"bitmap\" height=\"244\" width=\"250\" class=\"mw-file-element\" id=\"mwBJ0\"/></a><figcaption id=\"mwBJ4\">92 avenue Jean-Jaurès (Paris, 19<sup about=\"#mwt253\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwBJ8\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"e\",\"href\":\"./Modèle:E\"},\"params\":{},\"i\":0}}]}'>e</sup>), où habita Marie Curie.</figcaption></figure>\n<figure class=\"mw-default-size\" typeof=\"mw:File/Thumb\" id=\"mwBKA\"><a href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fichier:Plaque_Pierre_&amp;_Marie_Curie,_24_rue_de_la_Glacière,_Paris_13.jpg\" class=\"mw-file-description\" id=\"mwBKE\"><img resource=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fichier:Plaque_Pierre_&amp;_Marie_Curie,_24_rue_de_la_Glacière,_Paris_13.jpg\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Plaque_Pierre_%26_Marie_Curie%2C_24_rue_de_la_Glaci%C3%A8re%2C_Paris_13.jpg/250px-Plaque_Pierre_%26_Marie_Curie%2C_24_rue_de_la_Glaci%C3%A8re%2C_Paris_13.jpg?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Plaque_Pierre_%26_Marie_Curie%2C_24_rue_de_la_Glaci%C3%A8re%2C_Paris_13.jpg/500px-Plaque_Pierre_%26_Marie_Curie%2C_24_rue_de_la_Glaci%C3%A8re%2C_Paris_13.jpg?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" data-file-width=\"1630\" data-file-height=\"1910\" data-file-type=\"bitmap\" height=\"293\" width=\"250\" class=\"mw-file-element\" id=\"mwBKI\"/></a><figcaption id=\"mwBKM\">24 rue de la Glacière (Paris, 13<sup about=\"#mwt254\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwBKQ\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"e\",\"href\":\"./Modèle:E\"},\"params\":{},\"i\":0}}]}'>e</sup>), où habitèrent Pierre et Marie Curie.</figcaption></figure>\n<figure class=\"mw-default-size\" typeof=\"mw:File/Thumb\" id=\"mwBKU\"><a href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fichier:Plaque_Marie_Curie.jpg\" class=\"mw-file-description\" id=\"mwBKY\"><img resource=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fichier:Plaque_Marie_Curie.jpg\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Plaque_Marie_Curie.jpg/250px-Plaque_Marie_Curie.jpg?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Plaque_Marie_Curie.jpg/500px-Plaque_Marie_Curie.jpg?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" data-file-width=\"1247\" data-file-height=\"910\" data-file-type=\"bitmap\" height=\"182\" width=\"250\" class=\"mw-file-element\" id=\"mwBKc\"/></a><figcaption id=\"mwBKg\">36 quai de Béthune (<a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris\" title=\"Paris\" id=\"mwBKk\">Paris</a>, 4<sup about=\"#mwt255\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwBKo\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"e\",\"href\":\"./Modèle:E\"},\"params\":{},\"i\":0}}]}'>e</sup>), où habita Marie Curie.</figcaption></figure>\n\n<ul id=\"mwBKs\"><li id=\"mwBKw\">Rues Marie-Curie dans de très nombreuses villes, par exemple la <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rue_Pierre-et-Marie-Curie\" title=\"Rue Pierre-et-Marie-Curie\" id=\"mwBK0\">rue Pierre-et-Marie-Curie</a> à Paris (en 2017, le nom fait partie des 200 les plus rencontrés en odonymie française<sup about=\"#mwt257\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-77\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-77\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-77\" id=\"mwBK4\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwBK8\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwBLA\">[</span>77<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwBLE\">]</span></span></a></sup>).</li>\n<li id=\"mwBLI\">Plaques commémoratives apposées, à Paris, aux 92 <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avenue_Jean-Jaurès_(Paris)\" title=\"Avenue Jean-Jaurès (Paris)\" id=\"mwBLM\">avenue Jean-Jaurès</a> (<abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"Dix-neuvième\" about=\"#mwt258\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwBLQ\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"19e\",\"href\":\"./Modèle:19e\"},\"params\":{},\"i\":0}}]}'>19<sup>e</sup></abbr> arrondissement), 24 <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rue_de_la_Glacière_(Paris)\" title=\"Rue de la Glacière (Paris)\" id=\"mwBLU\">rue de la Glacière</a> (<abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"Treizième\" about=\"#mwt259\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwBLY\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"13e\",\"href\":\"./Modèle:13e\"},\"params\":{},\"i\":0}}]}'>13<sup>e</sup></abbr> arrondissement) et 36 <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quai_de_Béthune\" title=\"Quai de Béthune\" id=\"mwBLc\">quai de Béthune</a> (<abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"Quatrième\" about=\"#mwt260\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwBLg\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"4e\",\"href\":\"./Modèle:4e\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"arrondissement\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'>4<sup>e</sup></abbr><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" about=\"#mwt260\"> </span><span about=\"#mwt260\">arrondissement</span>).</li>\n<li id=\"mwBLk\">Le <time class=\"nowrap\" datetime=\"2007-03-08\" data-sort-value=\"2007-03-08\" about=\"#mwt261\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwBLo\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"date\",\"href\":\"./Modèle:Date\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"8 mars 2007\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'>8 mars 2007</time>, la station du métro parisien (située à <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivry-sur-Seine\" title=\"Ivry-sur-Seine\" id=\"mwBLs\">Ivry</a>) <i id=\"mwBLw\">Pierre Curie</i> a été rebaptisée <i id=\"mwBL0\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_et_Marie_Curie_(métro_de_Paris)\" title=\"Pierre et Marie Curie (métro de Paris)\" id=\"mwBL4\">Pierre et Marie Curie</a></i>.</li>\n<li id=\"mwBL8\">Salle Maria Skłodowska-Curie au quatrième étage du <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palais_de_la_culture_et_de_la_science_(Varsovie)\" title=\"Palais de la culture et de la science (Varsovie)\" id=\"mwBMA\">Palais de la culture et de la science</a> de Varsovie.</li>\n<li id=\"mwBME\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rue_Madame_Curie\" title=\"Rue Madame Curie\" id=\"mwBMI\">Rue Madame Curie</a> située dans le quartier d’<a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamra_(Liban)\" title=\"Hamra (Liban)\" id=\"mwBMM\">Hamra</a>, à <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beyrouth\" title=\"Beyrouth\" id=\"mwBMQ\">Beyrouth</a>, au <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liban\" title=\"Liban\" id=\"mwBMU\">Liban</a>.</li>\n<li id=\"mwBMY\">Avenue Pierre-et-Marie-Curie à <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ixelles\" title=\"Ixelles\" id=\"mwBMc\">Ixelles</a>, en Belgique (<a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Région_de_Bruxelles-Capitale\" title=\"Région de Bruxelles-Capitale\" id=\"mwBMg\">région de Bruxelles-Capitale</a>).</li>\n<li id=\"mwBMk\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Square_Marie-Curie\" title=\"Square Marie-Curie\" id=\"mwBMo\">Square Marie-Curie</a> à Paris, dans le <abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"Treizième\" about=\"#mwt262\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwBMs\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"13e\",\"href\":\"./Modèle:13e\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"arrondissement\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'>13<sup>e</sup></abbr><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" about=\"#mwt262\"> </span><span about=\"#mwt262\">arrondissement</span>.</li>\n<li id=\"mwBMw\">Le collège Pierre-et-Marie-Curie, à Gravelines.</li>\n<li id=\"mwBM0\">La <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Station_Marie-Curie\" title=\"Station Marie-Curie\" id=\"mwBM4\">station Marie-Curie</a> du <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Réseau_express_métropolitain\" title=\"Réseau express métropolitain\" id=\"mwBM8\">Réseau express métropolitain</a> à <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montréal\" title=\"Montréal\" id=\"mwBNA\">Montréal</a>.</li>\n<li id=\"mwBNE\">Son nom est gravé sur le <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mémorial_de_la_radiologie\" title=\"Mémorial de la radiologie\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwBNI\">Mémorial de la radiologie</a>, qui commémore les pionniers et martyrs de la radioactivité (physiciens, chimistes, médecins, infirmiers, laborantins etc), victimes parmi les premiers utilisateurs des rayons X dans le monde entier. Le mémorial qui comportait à l'origine <span about=\"#mwt263\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwBNM\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"nombre\",\"href\":\"./Modèle:Nombre\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"159\"},\"2\":{\"wt\":\"noms\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'>159 noms</span> a été érigé dans le jardin de l'ancien <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clinique_Asklepios_Saint-Georges_(Hambourg)?action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" title=\"Clinique Asklepios Saint-Georges (Hambourg) (page inexistante)\" about=\"#mwt264\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion mw:LocalizedAttrs\" class=\"new\" id=\"mwBNQ\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"Lien\",\"href\":\"./Modèle:Lien\"},\"params\":{\"langue\":{\"wt\":\"de\"},\"trad\":{\"wt\":\"Asklepios Klinik St. Georg\"},\"fr\":{\"wt\":\"Clinique Asklepios Saint-Georges (Hambourg)\"},\"texte\":{\"wt\":\"hôpital Saint-Georges\"}},\"i\":0}}]}' data-mw-i18n='{\"title\":{\"lang\":\"x-page\",\"key\":\"red-link-title\",\"params\":[\"Clinique Asklepios Saint-Georges (Hambourg)\"]}}'>hôpital Saint-Georges</a><span about=\"#mwt264\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink/Interwiki\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asklepios%20Klinik%20St.%20Georg\" title=\"de:Asklepios Klinik St. Georg\" about=\"#mwt264\" class=\"extiw\"><span class=\"indicateur-langue\" title=\"Article en allemand : « Asklepios Klinik St. Georg »\">(de)</span></a><link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Catégorie:Article_contenant_un_appel_à_traduction_en_allemand\" about=\"#mwt264\" id=\"mwBNU\"/> à <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hambourg\" title=\"Hambourg\" id=\"mwBNY\">Hambourg</a> (<a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allemagne\" title=\"Allemagne\" id=\"mwBNc\">Allemagne</a>) et a été inauguré le <time class=\"nowrap\" datetime=\"1936-04-04\" data-sort-value=\"1936-04-04\" about=\"#mwt265\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwBNg\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"date\",\"href\":\"./Modèle:Date\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"4 avril 1936\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'>4 avril 1936</time><sup about=\"#mwt267\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-78\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-78\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-78\" id=\"mwBNk\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwBNo\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwBNs\">[</span>78<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwBNw\">]</span></span></a></sup>.</li></ul>\n\n<ul class=\"gallery mw-gallery-traditional\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/gallery\" about=\"#mwt268\" id=\"mwBN0\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"gallery\",\"attrs\":{\"align\":\"center\"},\"body\":{}}'>\n<li class=\"gallerybox\" style=\"width: 155px;\" id=\"mwBN4\"><div class=\"thumb\" style=\"width: 150px; height: 150px;\" id=\"mwBN8\"><span typeof=\"mw:File\" id=\"mwBOA\"><a href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fichier:Ehrenmal_der_Radiologie_(Hamburg-St._Georg).1.ajb.jpg\" class=\"mw-file-description\" title=\"Mémorial de radiologie, Clinique Asklepios Saint-Georges à Hambourg, (Allemagne)\" id=\"mwBOE\"><img resource=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fichier:Ehrenmal_der_Radiologie_(Hamburg-St._Georg).1.ajb.jpg\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Ehrenmal_der_Radiologie_%28Hamburg-St._Georg%29.1.ajb.jpg/120px-Ehrenmal_der_Radiologie_%28Hamburg-St._Georg%29.1.ajb.jpg?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Ehrenmal_der_Radiologie_%28Hamburg-St._Georg%29.1.ajb.jpg/250px-Ehrenmal_der_Radiologie_%28Hamburg-St._Georg%29.1.ajb.jpg?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" alt=\"Mémorial de radiologie, Clinique Asklepios Saint-Georges à Hambourg, (Allemagne)\" data-file-width=\"4224\" data-file-height=\"2816\" data-file-type=\"bitmap\" height=\"80\" width=\"120\" class=\"mw-file-element\" id=\"mwBOI\"/></a></span></div><div class=\"gallerytext\" id=\"mwBOM\">Mémorial de radiologie, Clinique Asklepios Saint-Georges à Hambourg, (Allemagne)</div></li>\n</ul>\n\n</section></section><section data-mw-section-id=\"27\" id=\"mwBOQ\" aria-labelledby=\"Dans_les_arts_et_la_culture_populaire\"><div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading2\"><h2 id=\"Dans_les_arts_et_la_culture_populaire\">Dans les arts et la culture populaire</h2></div>\n<figure class=\"mw-default-size mw-halign-right\" typeof=\"mw:File/Thumb\" id=\"mwBOU\"><a href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fichier:Belgique_-_Louvain-la-Neuve_-_Parking_des_Sciences_-_Marie_Curie.jpg\" class=\"mw-file-description\" id=\"mwBOY\"><img resource=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fichier:Belgique_-_Louvain-la-Neuve_-_Parking_des_Sciences_-_Marie_Curie.jpg\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Belgique_-_Louvain-la-Neuve_-_Parking_des_Sciences_-_Marie_Curie.jpg/250px-Belgique_-_Louvain-la-Neuve_-_Parking_des_Sciences_-_Marie_Curie.jpg?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Belgique_-_Louvain-la-Neuve_-_Parking_des_Sciences_-_Marie_Curie.jpg/500px-Belgique_-_Louvain-la-Neuve_-_Parking_des_Sciences_-_Marie_Curie.jpg?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" data-file-width=\"5418\" data-file-height=\"3206\" data-file-type=\"bitmap\" height=\"148\" width=\"250\" class=\"mw-file-element\" id=\"mwBOc\"/></a><figcaption id=\"mwBOg\"><div class=\"center\" about=\"#mwt269\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwBOk\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"Centrer\",\"href\":\"./Modèle:Centrer\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"Peinture murale sous la [[place des Sciences]] à [[Louvain-la-Neuve]].\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'>Peinture murale sous la <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Place_des_Sciences\" title=\"Place des Sciences\">place des Sciences</a> à <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louvain-la-Neuve\" title=\"Louvain-la-Neuve\">Louvain-la-Neuve</a>.</div></figcaption></figure>\n<section data-mw-section-id=\"28\" id=\"mwBOo\" aria-labelledby=\"Chanson\"><div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading3\"><h3 id=\"Chanson\">Chanson</h3></div>\n<ul id=\"mwBOs\"><li id=\"mwBOw\">Dans la chanson <i id=\"mwBO0\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radioactivity_(chanson)\" title=\"Radioactivity (chanson)\" id=\"mwBO4\">Radioactivity</a></i>, sortie dans l'album du même nom en 1975, le groupe allemand <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kraftwerk\" title=\"Kraftwerk\" id=\"mwBO8\">Kraftwerk</a> rend hommage à Marie Curie, en ces termes<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\" id=\"mwBPA\"> </span>:</li></ul>\n<blockquote about=\"#mwt270\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwBPE\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"début citation bloc\",\"href\":\"./Modèle:Début_citation_bloc\"},\"params\":{},\"i\":0}},\"&lt;poem>\\nRadioactivity\\nis in the air for you and me\\nRadioactivity\\ndiscovered by Madame Curie\\n&lt;/poem>\",{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"fin citation bloc\",\"href\":\"./Modèle:Fin_citation_bloc\"},\"params\":{},\"i\":1}}]}'><p>«<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span></p><div class=\"poem\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/poem\" about=\"#mwt272\" id=\"mwBPI\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"poem\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\\nRadioactivity\\nis in the air for you and me\\nRadioactivity\\ndiscovered by Madame Curie\\n\"}}'><p id=\"mwBPM\">Radioactivity<br id=\"mwBPQ\"/>\nis in the air for you and me<br id=\"mwBPU\"/>\nRadioactivity<br id=\"mwBPY\"/>\ndiscovered by Madame Curie</p></div><p><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>»</p></blockquote>\n\n</section><section data-mw-section-id=\"29\" id=\"mwBPc\" aria-labelledby=\"Littérature\"><div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading3\"><h3 id=\"Littérature\"><span id=\"Litt.C3.A9rature\" typeof=\"mw:FallbackId\"></span>Littérature</h3></div>\n<ul id=\"mwBPg\"><li id=\"mwBPk\">Marie Curie est le personnage principal de <i id=\"mwBPo\">La Mort de Pierre Curie</i> de <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_Neirynck\" title=\"Jacques Neirynck\" id=\"mwBPs\">Jacques Neirynck</a> publié en 2007.</li>\n<li id=\"mwBPw\">Lauren Redniss, <i id=\"mwBP0\">Radioactive: Marie &amp; Pierre Curie: A Tale of Love and Fallout</i>, It Books, 2010</li>\n<li id=\"mwBP4\"><span class=\"ouvrage\" id=\"Montero2015\" about=\"#mwt273\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"Ouvrage\",\"href\":\"./Modèle:Ouvrage\"},\"params\":{\"langue\":{\"wt\":\"fr\"},\"langue originale\":{\"wt\":\"es\"},\"auteur1\":{\"wt\":\"[[Rosa Montero]]\"},\"traducteur\":{\"wt\":\"[[Myriam Chirousse]]\"},\"titre\":{\"wt\":\"L&apos;idée ridicule de ne plus jamais te revoir\"},\"titre original\":{\"wt\":\"La ridícula idea de no volver a verte\"},\"lieu\":{\"wt\":\"Paris\"},\"éditeur\":{\"wt\":\"Éditions Métailié\"},\"collection\":{\"wt\":\"Bibliothèque hispanique\"},\"année\":{\"wt\":\"2015\"},\"pages totales\":{\"wt\":\"177\"},\"isbn\":{\"wt\":\"979-10-226-0164-1\"},\"oclc\":{\"wt\":\"908463690\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'><span class=\"ouvrage\" id=\"Rosa_Montero2015\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosa_Montero\" title=\"Rosa Montero\">Rosa Montero</a> (<abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"traduction\">trad.</abbr><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>de l'espagnol par <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myriam_Chirousse\" title=\"Myriam Chirousse\">Myriam Chirousse</a>), <cite class=\"italique\">L'idée ridicule de ne plus jamais te revoir</cite> [«<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\"> </span><span class=\"lang-es\" lang=\"es\">La ridícula idea de no volver a verte</span><span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\"> </span>»], Paris, Éditions Métailié, <abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"collection\">coll.</abbr><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>«<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\"> </span>Bibliothèque hispanique<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\"> </span>», <time>2015</time>, 177<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"pages\">p.</abbr> <small style=\"line-height:1em;\">(<a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number\" title=\"International Standard Book Number\">ISBN</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spécial:Ouvrages_de_référence/979-10-226-0164-1\" title=\"Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/979-10-226-0164-1\"><span class=\"nowrap\">979-10-226-0164-1</span></a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Online_Computer_Library_Center\" title=\"Online Computer Library Center\">OCLC</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span class=\"plainlinks noarchive nowrap\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://worldcat.org/fr/title/908463690\" class=\"external text\">908463690</a></span>)</small><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=L%27id%C3%A9e+ridicule+de+ne+plus+jamais+te+revoir&amp;rft.place=Paris&amp;rft.pub=%C3%89ditions+M%C3%A9taili%C3%A9&amp;rft.aulast=Montero&amp;rft.aufirst=Rosa&amp;rft.date=2015&amp;rft.tpages=177&amp;rft.isbn=979-10-226-0164-1&amp;rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F908463690&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AMarie+Curie\"></span></span></span></li>\n<li id=\"mwBP8\"><span class=\"ouvrage\" id=\"Frain2015\" about=\"#mwt274\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"Ouvrage\",\"href\":\"./Modèle:Ouvrage\"},\"params\":{\"langue\":{\"wt\":\"fr\"},\"auteur1\":{\"wt\":\"[[Irène Frain]]\"},\"titre\":{\"wt\":\"[[Marie Curie prend un amant]]\"},\"lieu\":{\"wt\":\"Paris\"},\"éditeur\":{\"wt\":\"Éditions du Seuil\"},\"année\":{\"wt\":\"2015\"},\"pages totales\":{\"wt\":\"357\"},\"isbn\":{\"wt\":\"978-2-02-118306-1\"},\"isbn2\":{\"wt\":\"2-021-18306-8\"},\"oclc\":{\"wt\":\"925417170\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'><span class=\"ouvrage\" id=\"Irène_Frain2015\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irène_Frain\" title=\"Irène Frain\">Irène Frain</a>, <cite class=\"italique\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Curie_prend_un_amant\" title=\"Marie Curie prend un amant\">Marie Curie prend un amant</a></cite>, Paris, Éditions du Seuil, <time>2015</time>, 357<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"pages\">p.</abbr> <small style=\"line-height:1em;\">(<a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number\" title=\"International Standard Book Number\">ISBN</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spécial:Ouvrages_de_référence/978-2-02-118306-1\" title=\"Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-02-118306-1\"><span class=\"nowrap\">978-2-02-118306-1</span></a> et <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spécial:Ouvrages_de_référence/2-021-18306-8\" title=\"Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/2-021-18306-8\"><span class=\"nowrap\">2-021-18306-8</span></a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Online_Computer_Library_Center\" title=\"Online Computer Library Center\">OCLC</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span class=\"plainlinks noarchive nowrap\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://worldcat.org/fr/title/925417170\" class=\"external text\">925417170</a></span>)</small><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Marie+Curie+prend+un+amant&amp;rft.place=Paris&amp;rft.pub=%C3%89ditions+du+Seuil&amp;rft.aulast=Frain&amp;rft.aufirst=Ir%C3%A8ne&amp;rft.date=2015&amp;rft.tpages=357&amp;rft.isbn=978-2-02-118306-1&amp;rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F925417170&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AMarie+Curie\"></span></span></span></li>\n<li id=\"mwBQA\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claude_Huriet\" title=\"Claude Huriet\" id=\"mwBQE\">Claude Huriet</a>, <i id=\"mwBQI\">Les amours de Marie Curie</i>, Éditions Glyphe, Paris, 2021 <span about=\"#mwt275\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwBQM\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"ISBN\",\"href\":\"./Modèle:ISBN\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"978-2-35815-296-9\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'> </span><small style=\"line-height:1em;\" about=\"#mwt275\" id=\"mwBQQ\">(<a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number\" title=\"International Standard Book Number\">ISBN</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spécial:Ouvrages_de_référence/978-2-35815-296-9\" title=\"Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-35815-296-9\"><span class=\"nowrap\">978-2-35815-296-9</span></a>)</small>.</li>\n<li id=\"mwBQU\">Alice Milani, <i id=\"mwBQY\">Marie Curie</i>, Éditions Cambourakis, 2019 (trad. de l'italien) <span about=\"#mwt276\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwBQc\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"ISBN\",\"href\":\"./Modèle:ISBN\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"978-2-36624-436-6\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'> </span><small style=\"line-height:1em;\" about=\"#mwt276\" id=\"mwBQg\">(<a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number\" title=\"International Standard Book Number\">ISBN</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spécial:Ouvrages_de_référence/978-2-36624-436-6\" title=\"Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-36624-436-6\"><span class=\"nowrap\">978-2-36624-436-6</span></a>)</small></li></ul>\n\n</section><section data-mw-section-id=\"30\" id=\"mwBQk\" aria-labelledby=\"Théâtre\"><div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading3\"><h3 id=\"Théâtre\"><span id=\"Th.C3.A9.C3.A2tre\" typeof=\"mw:FallbackId\"></span>Théâtre</h3></div>\n<ul id=\"mwBQo\"><li id=\"mwBQs\">En 1989, la vie et le travail de Pierre et Marie Curie inspirent, avec de grandes libertés, la comédie <i id=\"mwBQw\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Les_Palmes_de_monsieur_Schutz\" title=\"Les Palmes de monsieur Schutz\" id=\"mwBQ0\">Les Palmes de monsieur Schutz</a></i>, créée par <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Noël_Fenwick\" title=\"Jean-Noël Fenwick\" id=\"mwBQ4\">Jean-Noël Fenwick</a> au <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Théâtre_des_Mathurins\" title=\"Théâtre des Mathurins\" id=\"mwBQ8\">Théâtre des Mathurins</a>. Cette pièce reçoit quatre <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuit_des_Molières\" title=\"Nuit des Molières\" id=\"mwBRA\">Molières</a> en 1990, dont ceux du <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molière_du_metteur_en_scène\" title=\"Molière du metteur en scène\" id=\"mwBRE\">meilleur metteur en scène</a> et du <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molière_de_l'auteur\" title=\"Molière de l'auteur\" id=\"mwBRI\">meilleur auteur</a>.</li>\n<li id=\"mwBRM\">En 2017, <i id=\"mwBRQ\">Le paradoxe des jumeaux</i> est créé à Paris au <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Théâtre_de_la_Reine_blanche?action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" title=\"Théâtre de la Reine blanche (page inexistante)\" class=\"new\" typeof=\"mw:LocalizedAttrs\" id=\"mwBRU\" data-mw-i18n='{\"title\":{\"lang\":\"x-page\",\"key\":\"red-link-title\",\"params\":[\"Théâtre de la Reine blanche\"]}}'>Théâtre de la Reine blanche</a> par <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Louis_Bauer\" title=\"Jean-Louis Bauer\" id=\"mwBRY\">Jean-Louis Bauer</a> et <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Élisabeth_Bouchaud\" title=\"Élisabeth Bouchaud\" id=\"mwBRc\">Élisabeth Bouchaud</a> avec une mise en scène de Bernadette Le Saché<sup about=\"#mwt278\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-79\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-79\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-79\" id=\"mwBRg\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwBRk\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwBRo\">[</span>79<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwBRs\">]</span></span></a></sup>.</li></ul>\n\n</section><section data-mw-section-id=\"31\" id=\"mwBRw\" aria-labelledby=\"Filmographie\"><div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading3\"><h3 id=\"Filmographie\">Filmographie</h3></div>\n<section data-mw-section-id=\"32\" id=\"mwBR0\" aria-labelledby=\"Cinéma\"><div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading4\"><h4 id=\"Cinéma\"><span id=\"Cin.C3.A9ma\" typeof=\"mw:FallbackId\"></span>Cinéma</h4></div>\n<p id=\"mwBR4\">La vie de Marie Curie a inspiré plusieurs cinéastes. Le rôle de Marie Curie a été joué par<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\" id=\"mwBR8\"> </span>:</p>\n<ul id=\"mwBSA\"><li id=\"mwBSE\">1943<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\" id=\"mwBSI\"> </span>: <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greer_Garson\" title=\"Greer Garson\" id=\"mwBSM\">Greer Garson</a> dans <i id=\"mwBSQ\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madame_Curie\" title=\"Madame Curie\" id=\"mwBSU\">Madame Curie</a></i>, film <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cinéma_américain\" title=\"Cinéma américain\" id=\"mwBSY\">américain</a> de <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mervyn_LeRoy\" title=\"Mervyn LeRoy\" id=\"mwBSc\">Mervyn LeRoy</a><span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\" id=\"mwBSg\"> </span>;</li>\n<li id=\"mwBSk\">1956<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\" id=\"mwBSo\"> </span>: <i id=\"mwBSs\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monsieur_et_Madame_Curie\" title=\"Monsieur et Madame Curie\" id=\"mwBSw\">Monsieur et Madame Curie</a></i> de <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georges_Franju\" title=\"Georges Franju\" id=\"mwBS0\">Georges Franju</a> avec <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicole_Stéphane\" title=\"Nicole Stéphane\" id=\"mwBS4\">Nicole Stéphane</a><span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\" id=\"mwBS8\"> </span>;</li>\n<li id=\"mwBTA\">1966<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\" id=\"mwBTE\"> </span>:\n<ul id=\"mwBTI\"><li id=\"mwBTM\"><i id=\"mwBTQ\">Novela</i>, épisode <i id=\"mwBTU\">Madame Curie</i>, actrice anonyme<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\" id=\"mwBTY\"> </span>;</li>\n<li id=\"mwBTc\"><i id=\"mwBTg\">Madame Curie</i> de Guglielmo Morandi avec Ileana Ghione<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\" id=\"mwBTk\"> </span>;</li></ul></li>\n<li id=\"mwBTo\">1972<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\" id=\"mwBTs\"> </span>: <i id=\"mwBTw\">Marya Sklodowska-Curie. Ein Mädchen, das die Welt veränderte</i> de <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfgang_Staudte\" title=\"Wolfgang Staudte\" id=\"mwBT0\">Wolfgang Staudte</a> avec <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christine_Wodetsky\" title=\"Christine Wodetsky\" id=\"mwBT4\">Christine Wodetzky</a><span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\" id=\"mwBT8\"> </span>;</li>\n<li id=\"mwBUA\">1977<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\" id=\"mwBUE\"> </span>: <i id=\"mwBUI\">Marie Curie</i> de <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Glenister\" title=\"John Glenister\" id=\"mwBUM\">John Glenister</a> avec <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jane_Lapotaire\" title=\"Jane Lapotaire\" id=\"mwBUQ\">Jane Lapotaire</a><span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\" id=\"mwBUU\"> </span>;</li>\n<li id=\"mwBUY\">1980<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\" id=\"mwBUc\"> </span>: <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olga_Gobzeva\" title=\"Olga Gobzeva\" id=\"mwBUg\">Olga Gobzeva</a> dans <i id=\"mwBUk\">Mysli o radiatsii</i> (<i id=\"mwBUo\">Pensées à la radiation</i>) d’Elmira Chormanova<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\" id=\"mwBUs\"> </span>;</li>\n<li id=\"mwBUw\">1988<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\" id=\"mwBU0\"> </span>: <i id=\"mwBU4\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Einstein_junior\" title=\"Einstein junior\" id=\"mwBU8\">Young Einstein</a></i> d'Yahoo Serious avec Odile Le Clezio<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\" id=\"mwBVA\"> </span>;</li>\n<li id=\"mwBVE\">1997<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\" id=\"mwBVI\"> </span>:\n<ul id=\"mwBVM\"><li id=\"mwBVQ\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isabelle_Huppert\" title=\"Isabelle Huppert\" id=\"mwBVU\">Isabelle Huppert</a> dans <i id=\"mwBVY\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Les_Palmes_de_monsieur_Schutz_(film)\" title=\"Les Palmes de monsieur Schutz (film)\" id=\"mwBVc\">Les Palmes de monsieur Schutz</a></i> de <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claude_Pinoteau\" title=\"Claude Pinoteau\" id=\"mwBVg\">Claude Pinoteau</a>, d'après la <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Les_Palmes_de_monsieur_Schutz\" title=\"Les Palmes de monsieur Schutz\" id=\"mwBVk\">pièce éponyme</a> de <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Noël_Fenwick\" title=\"Jean-Noël Fenwick\" id=\"mwBVo\">Jean-Noël Fenwick</a><span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\" id=\"mwBVs\"> </span>;</li>\n<li id=\"mwBVw\"><i id=\"mwBV0\">Marie Curie : More Than Meets the Eye</i> de David Devine et Richard Mozer avec <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kate_Trotter\" title=\"Kate Trotter\" id=\"mwBV4\">Kate Trotter</a><span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\" id=\"mwBV8\"> </span>;</li></ul></li>\n<li id=\"mwBWA\">2011: <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elisabeth_Duda\" title=\"Elisabeth Duda\" id=\"mwBWE\">Elisabeth Duda</a> dans <i id=\"mwBWI\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dans_les_pas_de_Marie_Curie\" title=\"Dans les pas de Marie Curie\" id=\"mwBWM\">Dans les pas de Marie Curie</a></i> (<i id=\"mwBWQ\"><span class=\"lang-pl\" lang=\"pl\" about=\"#mwt279\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwBWU\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"langue\",\"href\":\"./Modèle:Langue\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"pl\"},\"2\":{\"wt\":\"Śladami Marii Skłodowskiej-Curie\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'>Śladami Marii Skłodowskiej-Curie</span></i>), réalisé par <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krzysztof_Rogulski\" title=\"Krzysztof Rogulski\" id=\"mwBWY\">Krzysztof Rogulski</a><span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\" id=\"mwBWc\"> </span>;</li>\n<li id=\"mwBWg\">2016<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\" id=\"mwBWk\"> </span>: <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karolina_Gruszka\" title=\"Karolina Gruszka\" id=\"mwBWo\">Karolina Gruszka</a> dans <i id=\"mwBWs\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Curie_(film)\" title=\"Marie Curie (film)\" id=\"mwBWw\">Marie Curie et la lumière bleue</a></i> de <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie-Noëlle_Sehr\" title=\"Marie-Noëlle Sehr\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwBW0\">Marie-Noëlle Sehr</a><span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\" id=\"mwBW4\"> </span>;</li>\n<li id=\"mwBW8\">2019<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\" id=\"mwBXA\"> </span>: <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosamund_Pike\" title=\"Rosamund Pike\" id=\"mwBXE\">Rosamund Pike</a> dans <i id=\"mwBXI\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radioactive_(film)\" title=\"Radioactive (film)\" id=\"mwBXM\">Radioactive</a></i> de <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marjane_Satrapi\" title=\"Marjane Satrapi\" id=\"mwBXQ\">Marjane Satrapi</a>, d'après le roman graphique de Lauren Redniss<sup about=\"#mwt281\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"cite_ref-80\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-80\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-80\" id=\"mwBXU\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"mwBXY\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwBXc\">[</span>80<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"mwBXg\">]</span></span></a></sup>.</li></ul>\n\n</section><section data-mw-section-id=\"33\" id=\"mwBXk\" aria-labelledby=\"Télévision\"><div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading4\"><h4 id=\"Télévision\"><span id=\"T.C3.A9l.C3.A9vision\" typeof=\"mw:FallbackId\"></span>Télévision</h4></div>\n<section data-mw-section-id=\"34\" id=\"mwBXo\" aria-labelledby=\"Documentaire\"><div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading5\"><h5 id=\"Documentaire\">Documentaire</h5></div>\n<ul id=\"mwBXs\"><li id=\"mwBXw\">2011<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\" id=\"mwBX0\"> </span>: Géraldine Berger et Nathalie Huchette dans <i id=\"mwBX4\">Marie Curie, au-delà du mythe</i> de <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michel_Vuillermet\" title=\"Michel Vuillermet\" id=\"mwBX8\">Michel Vuillermet</a>.</li></ul>\n\n</section><section data-mw-section-id=\"35\" id=\"mwBYA\" aria-labelledby=\"Téléfilm\"><div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading5\"><h5 id=\"Téléfilm\"><span id=\"T.C3.A9l.C3.A9film\" typeof=\"mw:FallbackId\"></span>Téléfilm</h5></div>\n<ul id=\"mwBYE\"><li id=\"mwBYI\">1965<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\" id=\"mwBYM\"> </span>: <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Dubois\" title=\"Marie Dubois\" id=\"mwBYQ\">Marie Dubois</a> dans <i id=\"mwBYU\">Marie Curie</i>, téléfilm en 2 parties de <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_Badel\" title=\"Pierre Badel\" id=\"mwBYY\">Pierre Badel</a><span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\" id=\"mwBYc\"> </span>;</li>\n<li id=\"mwBYg\">1990<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\" id=\"mwBYk\"> </span>: <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie-Christine_Barrault\" title=\"Marie-Christine Barrault\" id=\"mwBYo\">Marie-Christine Barrault</a> dans <i id=\"mwBYs\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Curie,_une_femme_honorable\" title=\"Marie Curie, une femme honorable\" id=\"mwBYw\">Marie Curie, une femme honorable</a></i>, réalisation de <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michel_Boisrond\" title=\"Michel Boisrond\" id=\"mwBY0\">Michel Boisrond</a><span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\" id=\"mwBY4\"> </span>;</li>\n<li id=\"mwBY8\">2014<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\" id=\"mwBZA\"> </span>: <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominique_Reymond\" title=\"Dominique Reymond\" id=\"mwBZE\">Dominique Reymond</a> dans <i id=\"mwBZI\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Curie,_une_femme_sur_le_front\" title=\"Marie Curie, une femme sur le front\" id=\"mwBZM\">Marie Curie, une femme sur le front</a></i> de <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alain_Brunard\" title=\"Alain Brunard\" id=\"mwBZQ\">Alain Brunard</a>.</li></ul>\n\n</section><section data-mw-section-id=\"36\" id=\"mwBZU\" aria-labelledby=\"Série\"><div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading5\"><h5 id=\"Série\"><span id=\"S.C3.A9rie\" typeof=\"mw:FallbackId\"></span>Série</h5></div>\n<ul id=\"mwBZY\"><li id=\"mwBZc\">1955<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\" id=\"mwBZg\"> </span>: <i id=\"mwBZk\">You Are There</i>, épisode <i id=\"mwBZo\">Pierre and Marie Curie Discover Radium, Jan. 12, 1902</i> avec Jaclynne Green<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\" id=\"mwBZs\"> </span>;</li>\n<li id=\"mwBZw\">1987<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\" id=\"mwBZ0\"> </span>: <i id=\"mwBZ4\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Course_à_la_bombe\" title=\"La Course à la bombe\" id=\"mwBZ8\">La Course à la bombe</a></i> de <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-François_Delassus\" title=\"Jean-François Delassus\" id=\"mwBaA\">Jean-François Delassus</a> et <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allan_Eastman\" title=\"Allan Eastman\" id=\"mwBaE\">Allan Eastman</a> avec <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huguette_Faget\" title=\"Huguette Faget\" id=\"mwBaI\">Huguette Faget</a><span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\" id=\"mwBaM\"> </span>;</li>\n<li id=\"mwBaQ\">2017<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\" id=\"mwBaU\"> </span>: Klára Issová dans <i id=\"mwBaY\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genius_(série_télévisée)\" title=\"Genius (série télévisée)\" id=\"mwBac\">Genius</a></i> de Noah Pink et Ken Biller.</li></ul>\n\n</section></section></section><section data-mw-section-id=\"37\" id=\"mwBag\" aria-labelledby=\"Art_public_(street_art)\"><div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading3\"><h3 id=\"Art_public_(street_art)\"><span id=\"Art_public_.28street_art.29\" typeof=\"mw:FallbackId\"></span>Art public (<i id=\"mwBak\">street art</i>)</h3></div>\n<p id=\"mwBao\">Une peinture murale lui rend hommage dans la ville universitaire de <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louvain-la-Neuve\" title=\"Louvain-la-Neuve\" id=\"mwBas\">Louvain-la-Neuve</a> en <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belgique\" title=\"Belgique\" id=\"mwBaw\">Belgique</a>, dans le parking situé sous la <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Place_des_Sciences\" title=\"Place des Sciences\" id=\"mwBa0\">place des Sciences</a>.</p>\n\n</section><section data-mw-section-id=\"38\" id=\"mwBa4\" aria-labelledby=\"Prix\"><div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading3\"><h3 id=\"Prix\">Prix</h3></div>\n<ul id=\"mwBa8\"><li id=\"mwBbA\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_prix_franco-polonais\" title=\"Grand prix franco-polonais\" id=\"mwBbE\">Grand prix franco-polonais</a> «<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\" id=\"mwBbI\"> </span>Marie Sklodowska Curie et Pierre Curie<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\" id=\"mwBbM\"> </span>», décerné conjointement par l'<a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Académie_des_sciences_(France)\" title=\"Académie des sciences (France)\" id=\"mwBbQ\">Académie des sciences</a> et la  <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fondation_pour_la_science_polonaise\" title=\"Fondation pour la science polonaise\" id=\"mwBbU\">Fondation pour la science polonaise</a>.</li></ul>\n\n</section></section><section data-mw-section-id=\"39\" id=\"mwBbY\" aria-labelledby=\"Notes_et_références\"><div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading2\"><h2 id=\"Notes_et_références\"><span id=\"Notes_et_r.C3.A9f.C3.A9rences\" typeof=\"mw:FallbackId\"></span>Notes et références</h2></div>\n<span class=\"mw-empty-elt\" about=\"#mwt282\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwBbc\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"Références nombreuses\",\"href\":\"./Modèle:Références_nombreuses\"},\"params\":{\"taille\":{\"wt\":\"25\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'><style data-mw-deduplicate=\"TemplateStyles:r238822723\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles\" about=\"#mwt283\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Références nombreuses/styles.css\"}}'>@media screen{body:not(.mw-mf) .mw-parser-output .reference-cadre{height:30em;overflow:auto;padding:3px;border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);margin-top:0.3em}body.mw-mf .mw-parser-output .reference-cadre{height:auto!important}body:not(.mw-mf) .mw-parser-output .reference-cadre .references-small{margin-top:0}}</style></span><div class=\"reference-cadre\" tabindex=\"0\" about=\"#mwt282\" id=\"mwBbg\">\n<div class=\"references-small decimal\" style=\"column-width:25em;\"><ol class=\"mw-references references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/references\" about=\"#mwt284\" id=\"mwBbk\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"references\",\"attrs\":{\"responsive\":\"0\",\"group\":\"\"},\"body\":{\"html\":\"\"}}'><li about=\"#cite_note-1\" id=\"cite_note-1\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"1\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwBbo\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-1\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwBbs\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwBbw\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-1\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\">Par la suite, et en dehors strictement des sciences, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linus_Pauling\" title=\"Linus Pauling\" id=\"mwBb0\">Linus Pauling</a> obtint le prix Nobel de chimie en 1954 et le <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prix_Nobel_de_la_paix\" title=\"Prix Nobel de la paix\" id=\"mwBb4\">prix Nobel de la paix</a> en 1962 (<a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/nobelprize_facts.html\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwBb8\"><i id=\"mwBcA\">Nobel Laureates Facts</i></a>).</span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-2\" id=\"cite_note-2\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"2\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwBcE\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-2\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwBcI\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwBcM\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-2\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><span class=\"ouvrage\" id=\"Davy_archive_winners_1989_-_1900\" about=\"#mwt10\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"Lien web \",\"href\":\"./Modèle:Lien_web\"},\"params\":{\"titre\":{\"wt\":\"Davy archive winners 1989 - 1900\"},\"url\":{\"wt\":\"http://royalsociety.org/page.asp?id=1756\"},\"éditeur\":{\"wt\":\"[[Royal Society]]\"},\"consulté le\":{\"wt\":\"1 juillet 2008\"},\"id\":{\"wt\":\"Davy archive winners 1989 - 1900\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'>«<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\" id=\"mwBcQ\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"http://royalsociety.org/page.asp?id=1756\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwBcU\"><cite style=\"font-style:normal;\" id=\"mwBcY\">Davy archive winners 1989 - 1900</cite></a><span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\" id=\"mwBcc\"> </span>», <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Society\" title=\"Royal Society\" id=\"mwBcg\">Royal Society</a> <small style=\"line-height:1em;\" id=\"mwBck\">(consulté le <time class=\"nowrap\" datetime=\"2008-07-01\" data-sort-value=\"2008-07-01\" id=\"mwBco\"><abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"premier\" id=\"mwBcs\">1<sup id=\"mwBcw\">er</sup></abbr> juillet 2008</time>)</small></span>.</span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-3\" id=\"cite_note-3\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"3\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwBc0\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-3\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwBc4\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwBc8\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-3\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><span class=\"ouvrage\" id=\"CMN\" about=\"#mwt12\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"Lien web \",\"href\":\"./Modèle:Lien_web\"},\"params\":{\"langue\":{\"wt\":\"fr-FR\"},\"nom\":{\"wt\":\"CMN\"},\"titre\":{\"wt\":\"Marie Curie, une scientifique d’exception au Panthéon - CMN\"},\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://www.monuments-nationaux.fr/magazine/dossiers-thematiques/grands-personnages/marie-curie-une-scientifique-d-exception-au-pantheon\"},\"site\":{\"wt\":\"www.monuments-nationaux.fr\"},\"consulté le\":{\"wt\":\"2025-08-07\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'><span class=\"nom_auteur\" id=\"mwBdA\">CMN</span>, «<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\" id=\"mwBdE\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.monuments-nationaux.fr/magazine/dossiers-thematiques/grands-personnages/marie-curie-une-scientifique-d-exception-au-pantheon\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwBdI\"><cite style=\"font-style:normal;\" id=\"mwBdM\">Marie Curie, une scientifique d’exception au Panthéon - CMN</cite></a><span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\" id=\"mwBdQ\"> </span>», sur <span class=\"italique\" id=\"mwBdU\">www.monuments-nationaux.fr</span> <small style=\"line-height:1em;\" id=\"mwBdY\">(consulté le <time class=\"nowrap\" datetime=\"2025-08-07\" data-sort-value=\"2025-08-07\" id=\"mwBdc\">7 août 2025</time>)</small></span></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-4\" id=\"cite_note-4\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"4\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwBdg\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-4\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwBdk\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwBdo\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-4\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><span class=\"ouvrage\" about=\"#mwt14\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwBds\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"Lien web\",\"href\":\"./Modèle:Lien_web\"},\"params\":{\"langue\":{\"wt\":\"fr\"},\"titre\":{\"wt\":\"Cahiers d&apos;expériences de Marie et Pierre Curie sur Gallica\"},\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://gallica.bnf.fr/services/engine/search/sru?operation=searchRetrieve&amp;exactSearch=false&amp;collapsing=true&amp;version=1.2&amp;query=%28%28%28%28%28%28%28%28%28gallica%20all%20%22ark:/12148/btv1b9080265j%22%20or%20gallica%20all%20%22ark:/12148/btv1b90802785%22%20%29%20or%20gallica%20all%20%22ark:/12148/btv1b90802696%20%22%20%29%20or%20gallica%20all%20%22ark:/12148/btv1b9080267c%22%20%29%20or%20gallica%20all%20%22ark:/12148/btv1b9080261w%22%20%29%20or%20gallica%20all%20%22ark:/12148/btv1b9080272p%22%20%29%20or%20gallica%20all%20%22ark:/12148/btv1b90803061%22%20%29%20or%20gallica%20all%20%22ark:/12148/btv1b9080274h%22%20%29%20or%20gallica%20all%20%22ark:/12148/btv1b9080300j%22%20%29%20or%20gallica%20all%20%22ark:/12148/btv1b84515222%20%22%20%29%20&amp;suggest=10\"},\"site\":{\"wt\":\"gallica.bnf.fr\"},\"consulté le\":{\"wt\":\"02/05/2018\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'>«<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\" id=\"mwBdw\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://gallica.bnf.fr/services/engine/search/sru?operation=searchRetrieve&amp;exactSearch=false&amp;collapsing=true&amp;version=1.2&amp;query=%28%28%28%28%28%28%28%28%28gallica%20all%20%22ark:/12148/btv1b9080265j%22%20or%20gallica%20all%20%22ark:/12148/btv1b90802785%22%20%29%20or%20gallica%20all%20%22ark:/12148/btv1b90802696%20%22%20%29%20or%20gallica%20all%20%22ark:/12148/btv1b9080267c%22%20%29%20or%20gallica%20all%20%22ark:/12148/btv1b9080261w%22%20%29%20or%20gallica%20all%20%22ark:/12148/btv1b9080272p%22%20%29%20or%20gallica%20all%20%22ark:/12148/btv1b90803061%22%20%29%20or%20gallica%20all%20%22ark:/12148/btv1b9080274h%22%20%29%20or%20gallica%20all%20%22ark:/12148/btv1b9080300j%22%20%29%20or%20gallica%20all%20%22ark:/12148/btv1b84515222%20%22%20%29%20&amp;suggest=10\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwBd0\"><cite style=\"font-style:normal;\" id=\"mwBd4\">Cahiers d'expériences de Marie et Pierre Curie sur Gallica</cite></a><span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\" id=\"mwBd8\"> </span>», sur <span class=\"italique\" id=\"mwBeA\">gallica.bnf.fr</span> <small style=\"line-height:1em;\" id=\"mwBeE\">(consulté le <time class=\"nowrap\" datetime=\"2018-05-02\" data-sort-value=\"2018-05-02\" id=\"mwBeI\">2 mai 2018</time>)</small></span></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-5\" id=\"cite_note-5\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"5\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwBeM\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-5\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwBeQ\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwBeU\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-5\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\">Les archives des ministères polonais seront restituées à la Pologne après la <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paix_de_Riga\" title=\"Paix de Riga\" id=\"mwBeY\">paix de Riga</a> de 1921.</span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-6\" id=\"cite_note-6\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"6\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwBec\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-6\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwBeg\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwBek\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-6\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\">De plus, la dénomination «<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\" id=\"mwBeo\"> </span>royaume de Pologne<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\" id=\"mwBes\"> </span>» cesse d'être utilisée au profit de périphrases comme «<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\" id=\"mwBew\"> </span>province de la Vistule<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\" id=\"mwBe0\"> </span>». Cependant, le «<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\" id=\"mwBe4\"> </span>code civil du royaume de Pologne<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\" id=\"mwBe8\"> </span>», dérivé du «<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\" id=\"mwBfA\"> </span>code Napoléon du <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duché_de_Varsovie\" title=\"Duché de Varsovie\" id=\"mwBfE\">duché de Varsovie</a><span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\" id=\"mwBfI\"> </span>», reste en vigueur jusqu'en 1918.</span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-7\" id=\"cite_note-7\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"7\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwBfM\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-7\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwBfQ\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwBfU\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-7\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><span class=\"ouvrage\" id=\"Henry2015\" about=\"#mwt21\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"Ouvrage\",\"href\":\"./Modèle:Ouvrage\"},\"params\":{\"langue\":{\"wt\":\"fr\"},\"auteur1\":{\"wt\":\"[[Natacha Henry]]\"},\"titre\":{\"wt\":\"Les Sœurs savantes, Marie Curie et Bronia Dluska\"},\"lieu\":{\"wt\":\"Paris\"},\"éditeur\":{\"wt\":\"La Librairie Vuibert\"},\"année\":{\"wt\":\"2015\"},\"pages totales\":{\"wt\":\"279\"},\"isbn\":{\"wt\":\"978-2-311-10029-7\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'><span class=\"ouvrage\" id=\"Natacha_Henry2015\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natacha_Henry\" title=\"Natacha Henry\" id=\"mwBfY\">Natacha Henry</a>, <cite class=\"italique\" id=\"mwBfc\">Les Sœurs savantes, Marie Curie et Bronia Dluska</cite>, Paris, La Librairie Vuibert, <time id=\"mwBfg\">2015</time>, 279<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwBfk\"> </span><abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"pages\" id=\"mwBfo\">p.</abbr> <small style=\"line-height:1em;\" id=\"mwBfs\">(<a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number\" title=\"International Standard Book Number\" id=\"mwBfw\">ISBN</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwBf0\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spécial:Ouvrages_de_référence/978-2-311-10029-7\" title=\"Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-311-10029-7\" id=\"mwBf4\"><span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwBf8\">978-2-311-10029-7</span></a>)</small><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Les+S%C5%93urs+savantes%2C+Marie+Curie+et+Bronia+Dluska&amp;rft.place=Paris&amp;rft.pub=La+Librairie+Vuibert&amp;rft.aulast=Henry&amp;rft.aufirst=Natacha&amp;rft.date=2015&amp;rft.tpages=279&amp;rft.isbn=978-2-311-10029-7&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AMarie+Curie\" id=\"mwBgA\"></span></span></span>.</span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-8\" id=\"cite_note-8\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"8\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwBgE\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-8\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwBgI\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwBgM\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-8\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><span class=\"ouvrage\" about=\"#mwt25\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwBgQ\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"Lien web \",\"href\":\"./Modèle:Lien_web\"},\"params\":{\"titre\":{\"wt\":\"Pierre et Marie Curie : histoire d&apos;un couple de scientifiques - Musée Curie\"},\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://musee.curie.fr/decouvrir/la-famille-curie/un-couple-de-pionniers\"},\"site\":{\"wt\":\"musee.curie.fr\"},\"consulté le\":{\"wt\":\"2022-01-26\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'>«<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\" id=\"mwBgU\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://musee.curie.fr/decouvrir/la-famille-curie/un-couple-de-pionniers\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwBgY\"><cite style=\"font-style:normal;\" id=\"mwBgc\">Pierre et Marie Curie<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\" id=\"mwBgg\"> </span>: histoire d'un couple de scientifiques - Musée Curie</cite></a><span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\" id=\"mwBgk\"> </span>», sur <span class=\"italique\" id=\"mwBgo\">musee.curie.fr</span> <small style=\"line-height:1em;\" id=\"mwBgs\">(consulté le <time class=\"nowrap\" datetime=\"2022-01-26\" data-sort-value=\"2022-01-26\" id=\"mwBgw\">26 janvier 2022</time>)</small></span></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-:1-9\" id=\"cite_note-:1-9\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"9\"><span rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwBg0\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-:1_9-0\" id=\"mwBg4\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwBg8\">1</span></a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-:1_9-1\" id=\"mwBhA\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwBhE\">2</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-:1-9\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><span class=\"ouvrage\" id=\"Lagarde2020\" about=\"#mwt27\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"Lien web \",\"href\":\"./Modèle:Lien_web\"},\"params\":{\"langue\":{\"wt\":\"fr\"},\"prénom\":{\"wt\":\"Yann\"},\"nom\":{\"wt\":\"Lagarde\"},\"titre\":{\"wt\":\"Marie Curie, une scientifique engagée\"},\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://www.radiofrance.fr/franceculture/marie-curie-une-scientifique-engagee-4941391\"},\"site\":{\"wt\":\"France Culture\"},\"date\":{\"wt\":\"2020-03-11\"},\"consulté le\":{\"wt\":\"2024-09-15\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'><span class=\"ouvrage\" id=\"Yann_Lagarde2020\">Yann <span class=\"nom_auteur\" id=\"mwBhI\">Lagarde</span>, «<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\" id=\"mwBhM\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.radiofrance.fr/franceculture/marie-curie-une-scientifique-engagee-4941391\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwBhQ\"><cite style=\"font-style:normal;\" id=\"mwBhU\">Marie Curie, une scientifique engagée</cite></a><span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\" id=\"mwBhY\"> </span>», sur <span class=\"italique\" id=\"mwBhc\">France Culture</span>, <time class=\"nowrap\" datetime=\"2020-03-11\" data-sort-value=\"2020-03-11\" id=\"mwBhg\">11 mars 2020</time> <small style=\"line-height:1em;\" id=\"mwBhk\">(consulté le <time class=\"nowrap\" datetime=\"2024-09-15\" data-sort-value=\"2024-09-15\" id=\"mwBho\">15 septembre 2024</time>)</small></span></span></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-Barker2011-10\" id=\"cite_note-Barker2011-10\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"10\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwBhs\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-Barker2011_10-0\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwBhw\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwBh0\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-Barker2011-10\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><span class=\"ouvrage\" id=\"Barker2011\" about=\"#mwt29\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"ouvrage\",\"href\":\"./Modèle:Ouvrage\"},\"params\":{\"prénom\":{\"wt\":\"Dan\"},\"nom\":{\"wt\":\"Barker\"},\"lien auteur\":{\"wt\":\"Dan Barker\"},\"titre\":{\"wt\":\"The Good Atheist: Living a Purpose-Filled Life Without God\"},\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://books.google.com/books?id=ruzL8ogol2sC&amp;pg=PA171\"},\"date\":{\"wt\":\"2011\"},\"éditeur\":{\"wt\":\"Ulysses Press\"},\"isbn\":{\"wt\":\"978-1-56975-846-5\"},\"page\":{\"wt\":\"171\"},\"consulté le\":{\"wt\":\"7 septembre 2015\"},\"archive-url\":{\"wt\":\"https://web.archive.org/web/20151102033101/https://books.google.com/books?id=ruzL8ogol2sC&amp;pg=PA171\"},\"archive-date\":{\"wt\":\"2 November 2015\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'><span class=\"ouvrage\" id=\"Dan_Barker2011\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dan_Barker\" title=\"Dan Barker\" id=\"mwBh4\">Dan <span class=\"nom_auteur\" id=\"mwBh8\">Barker</span></a>, <cite class=\"italique\" id=\"mwBiA\">The Good Atheist: Living a Purpose-Filled Life Without God</cite>, Ulysses Press, <time id=\"mwBiE\">2011</time> <small style=\"line-height:1em;\" id=\"mwBiI\">(<a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number\" title=\"International Standard Book Number\" id=\"mwBiM\">ISBN</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwBiQ\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spécial:Ouvrages_de_référence/978-1-56975-846-5\" title=\"Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-1-56975-846-5\" id=\"mwBiU\"><span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwBiY\">978-1-56975-846-5</span></a>, <span class=\"noarchive\" id=\"mwBic\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://books.google.com/books?id=ruzL8ogol2sC&amp;pg=PA171\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwBig\">lire en ligne</a> <small class=\"cachelinks\" id=\"mwBik\"><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwBio\">[</span><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20151102033101/https://books.google.com/books?id=ruzL8ogol2sC&amp;pg=PA171\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwBis\">archive du <time class=\"nowrap\" datetime=\"2015-11-02\" data-sort-value=\"2015-11-02\" id=\"mwBiw\">2 novembre 2015</time></a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwBi0\">]</span></small></span>)</small>, <abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"page\" id=\"mwBi4\">p.</abbr><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwBi8\"> </span>171<span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+Good+Atheist%3A+Living+a+Purpose-Filled+Life+Without+God&amp;rft.pub=Ulysses+Press&amp;rft.aulast=Barker&amp;rft.aufirst=Dan&amp;rft.date=2011&amp;rft.pages=171&amp;rft.isbn=978-1-56975-846-5&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DruzL8ogol2sC%26pg%3DPA171&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AMarie+Curie\" id=\"mwBjA\"></span></span></span></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-11\" id=\"cite_note-11\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"11\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwBjE\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-11\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwBjI\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwBjM\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-11\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><span class=\"ouvrage\" about=\"#mwt31\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwBjQ\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"Lien web \",\"href\":\"./Modèle:Lien_web\"},\"params\":{\"titre\":{\"wt\":\"27. Curie née Sklodowska (Marie) [note biographique]\"},\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://www.persee.fr/doc/inrp_0298-5632_1989_ant_25_1_8674#inrp_0298-5632_1989_ant_25_1_T1_0090_0000\"},\"site\":{\"wt\":\"persee.fr\"},\"consulté le\":{\"wt\":\"2024-08-27\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'>«<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\" id=\"mwBjU\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.persee.fr/doc/inrp_0298-5632_1989_ant_25_1_8674#inrp_0298-5632_1989_ant_25_1_T1_0090_0000\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwBjY\"><cite style=\"font-style:normal;\" id=\"mwBjc\">27. Curie née Sklodowska (Marie) [note biographique<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwBjg\">]</span></cite></a><span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\" id=\"mwBjk\"> </span>», sur <span class=\"italique\" id=\"mwBjo\">persee.fr</span> <small style=\"line-height:1em;\" id=\"mwBjs\">(consulté le <time class=\"nowrap\" datetime=\"2024-08-27\" data-sort-value=\"2024-08-27\" id=\"mwBjw\">27 août 2024</time>)</small></span></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-Reid1974a-12\" id=\"cite_note-Reid1974a-12\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"12\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwBj0\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-Reid1974a_12-0\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwBj4\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwBj8\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-Reid1974a-12\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><span class=\"ouvrage\" id=\"William_Reid1974\" about=\"#mwt33\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"ouvrage\",\"href\":\"./Modèle:Ouvrage\"},\"params\":{\"auteur\":{\"wt\":\"Robert William Reid\"},\"titre\":{\"wt\":\"Marie Curie\"},\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://books.google.com/books?id=p81XAAAAYAAJ\"},\"année\":{\"wt\":\"1974\"},\"éditeur\":{\"wt\":\"New American Library\"},\"page\":{\"wt\":\"6\"},\"isbn\":{\"wt\":\"978-0-00-211539-1\"},\"extrait\":{\"wt\":\"Unusually at such an early age, she became what T.H. Huxley had just invented a word for: agnostic.\"},\"consulté le\":{\"wt\":\"15 mars 2016\"},\"archive-url\":{\"wt\":\"https://web.archive.org/web/20160611033456/https://books.google.com/books?id=p81XAAAAYAAJ\"},\"archive-date\":{\"wt\":\"11 June 2016\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'><span class=\"ouvrage\" id=\"Robert_William_Reid1974\">Robert William Reid, <cite class=\"italique\" id=\"mwBkA\">Marie Curie</cite>, New American Library, <time id=\"mwBkE\">1974</time> <small style=\"line-height:1em;\" id=\"mwBkI\">(<a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number\" title=\"International Standard Book Number\" id=\"mwBkM\">ISBN</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwBkQ\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spécial:Ouvrages_de_référence/978-0-00-211539-1\" title=\"Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-0-00-211539-1\" id=\"mwBkU\"><span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwBkY\">978-0-00-211539-1</span></a>, <span class=\"noarchive\" id=\"mwBkc\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://books.google.com/books?id=p81XAAAAYAAJ\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwBkg\">lire en ligne</a> <small class=\"cachelinks\" id=\"mwBkk\"><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwBko\">[</span><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20160611033456/https://books.google.com/books?id=p81XAAAAYAAJ\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwBks\">archive du <time class=\"nowrap\" datetime=\"2016-06-11\" data-sort-value=\"2016-06-11\" id=\"mwBkw\">11 juin 2016</time></a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwBk0\">]</span></small></span>)</small>, <abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"page\" id=\"mwBk4\">p.</abbr><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwBk8\"> </span>6<span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Marie+Curie&amp;rft.pub=New+American+Library&amp;rft.au=Robert+William+Reid&amp;rft.date=1974&amp;rft.pages=6&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-00-211539-1&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dp81XAAAAYAAJ&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AMarie+Curie\" id=\"mwBlA\"></span></span></span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" about=\"#mwt33\" id=\"mwBlE\"> </span><span about=\"#mwt33\" id=\"mwBlI\">:</span><blockquote about=\"#mwt33\" id=\"mwBlM\">«<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwBlQ\"> </span>Unusually at such an early age, she became what T.H. Huxley had just invented a word for: agnostic.<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwBlU\"> </span>»</blockquote></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-13\" id=\"cite_note-13\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"13\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwBlY\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-13\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwBlc\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwBlg\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-13\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><span class=\"ouvrage\" id=\"Puche2020\" about=\"#mwt35\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"article \",\"href\":\"./Modèle:Article\"},\"params\":{\"auteur\":{\"wt\":\"Amélie Puche\"},\"titre\":{\"wt\":\"L’accès des femmes aux universités (1850-1940)\"},\"périodique\":{\"wt\":\"Encyclopédie d&apos;histoire numérique de l&apos;Europe [en ligne]\"},\"ISSN\":{\"wt\":\"2677-6588\"},\"date\":{\"wt\":\"23/06/2020\"},\"lire en ligne\":{\"wt\":\"https://ehne.fr/fr/node/14080\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'><span class=\"ouvrage\" id=\"Amélie_Puche2020\">Amélie Puche, «<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\" id=\"mwBlk\"> </span><cite style=\"font-style:normal\" id=\"mwBlo\">L’accès des femmes aux universités (1850-1940)</cite><span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\" id=\"mwBls\"> </span>», <i id=\"mwBlw\">Encyclopédie d'histoire numérique de l'Europe [en ligne]</i>,<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwBl0\">‎</span> <time class=\"nowrap\" datetime=\"2020-06-23\" data-sort-value=\"2020-06-23\" id=\"mwBl4\">23 juin 2020</time> <small style=\"line-height:1em;\" id=\"mwBl8\">(<a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number\" title=\"International Standard Serial Number\" id=\"mwBmA\">ISSN</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwBmE\"> </span><span class=\"plainlinks noarchive\" id=\"mwBmI\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://portal.issn.org/resource/ISSN/2677-6588\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwBmM\">2677-6588</a></span>, <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://ehne.fr/fr/node/14080\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwBmQ\">lire en ligne</a>)</small><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=L%E2%80%99acc%C3%A8s+des+femmes+aux+universit%C3%A9s+%281850-1940%29&amp;rft.jtitle=Encyclop%C3%A9die+d%27histoire+num%C3%A9rique+de+l%27Europe+%5Ben+ligne%5D&amp;rft.aulast=Puche&amp;rft.aufirst=Am%C3%A9lie&amp;rft.date=2020-06-23&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AMarie+Curie\" id=\"mwBmU\"></span></span></span></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-14\" id=\"cite_note-14\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"14\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwBmY\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-14\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwBmc\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwBmg\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-14\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\">Janine Trotereau, «<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\" id=\"mwBmk\"> </span>Marie Curie<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\" id=\"mwBmo\"> </span>: une icône de la République<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\" id=\"mwBms\"> </span>», émission <i id=\"mwBmw\">La Marche des sciences</i>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/France_Culture\" title=\"France Culture\" id=\"mwBm0\">France Culture</a>, <time class=\"nowrap\" datetime=\"2012-05-31\" data-sort-value=\"2012-05-31\" about=\"#mwt37\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwBm4\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"date\",\"href\":\"./Modèle:Date\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"31 mai 2012\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'>31 mai 2012</time>.</span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-15\" id=\"cite_note-15\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"15\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwBm8\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-15\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwBnA\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwBnE\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-15\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><i id=\"mwBnI\">Annuaire statistique de la France</i>, vol. 16, 1895, <abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"page\" about=\"#mwt44\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwBnM\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"p.\",\"href\":\"./Modèle:P.\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"189\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'>p.</abbr><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" about=\"#mwt44\" id=\"mwBnQ\"> </span><span about=\"#mwt44\" id=\"mwBnU\">189</span></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-Pigeard-16\" id=\"cite_note-Pigeard-16\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"16\"><span rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwBnY\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-Pigeard_16-0\" id=\"mwBnc\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwBng\">1</span></a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-Pigeard_16-1\" id=\"mwBnk\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwBno\">2</span></a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-Pigeard_16-2\" id=\"mwBns\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwBnw\">3</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-Pigeard-16\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\">Nathalie Pigeard-Micault, historienne au Musée Curie, «<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\" id=\"mwBn0\"> </span>Un dimanche avec Marie Curie<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\" id=\"mwBn4\"> </span>», dans <i id=\"mwBn8\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Les_Années_lumière_(radio)\" title=\"Les Années lumière (radio)\" id=\"mwBoA\">Les Années lumière (radio)</a></i>, <time class=\"nowrap\" datetime=\"2011-12-04\" data-sort-value=\"2011-12-04\" about=\"#mwt50\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwBoE\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"date\",\"href\":\"./Modèle:Date\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"4 décembre 2011\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'>4 décembre 2011</time>.</span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-17\" id=\"cite_note-17\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"17\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwBoI\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-17\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwBoM\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwBoQ\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-17\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\">Rémy Mosseri, Le Jubilé de <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marcel_Brillouin\" title=\"Marcel Brillouin\" id=\"mwBoU\">Marcel Brillouin</a>.</span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-18\" id=\"cite_note-18\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"18\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwBoY\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-18\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwBoc\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwBog\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-18\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"http://rhe.ish-lyon.cnrs.fr/?q=agregsecondaire_laureats&amp;nom=Curie&amp;annee_op=%3D&amp;annee%5Bvalue%5D=&amp;annee%5Bmin%5D=&amp;annee%5Bmax%5D=&amp;periode=All&amp;concours=All&amp;items_per_page=10\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwBok\">Les agrégés de l'enseignement secondaire. Répertoire 1809-1960</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laboratoire_de_recherche_historique_Rhône-Alpes\" title=\"Laboratoire de recherche historique Rhône-Alpes\" id=\"mwBoo\">Laboratoire de recherche historique Rhône-Alpes</a>, CNRS.</span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-19\" id=\"cite_note-19\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"19\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwBos\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-19\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwBow\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwBo0\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-19\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><span class=\"ouvrage\" id=\"d'évaluation_et_de_développement_pour_l'édition_numérique\" about=\"#mwt58\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"Lien web \",\"href\":\"./Modèle:Lien_web\"},\"params\":{\"url\":{\"wt\":\"http://mariecurie.science.gouv.fr/dico/notion2.php?noti=rayon_u\"},\"titre\":{\"wt\":\"La radioactivité naturelle - Les rayons uraniques\"},\"auteur\":{\"wt\":\"Laboratoire d&apos;évaluation et de développement pour l&apos;édition numérique\"},\"éditeur\":{\"wt\":\"Ministère délégué à la Recherche et aux Nouvelles Technologies\"},\"consulté le\":{\"wt\":\"12 juin 2008\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'><span class=\"ouvrage\" id=\"Laboratoire_d'évaluation_et_de_développement_pour_l'édition_numérique\">Laboratoire d'évaluation et de développement pour l'édition numérique, «<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\" id=\"mwBo4\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"http://mariecurie.science.gouv.fr/dico/notion2.php?noti=rayon_u\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwBo8\"><cite style=\"font-style:normal;\" id=\"mwBpA\">La radioactivité naturelle - Les rayons uraniques</cite></a><span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\" id=\"mwBpE\"> </span>», Ministère délégué à la Recherche et aux Nouvelles Technologies <small style=\"line-height:1em;\" id=\"mwBpI\">(consulté le <time class=\"nowrap\" datetime=\"2008-06-12\" data-sort-value=\"2008-06-12\" id=\"mwBpM\">12 juin 2008</time>)</small></span></span>.</span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-20\" id=\"cite_note-20\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"20\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwBpQ\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-20\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwBpU\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwBpY\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-20\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><span class=\"ouvrage\" id=\"Fernandez2006\" about=\"#mwt60\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"Ouvrage\",\"href\":\"./Modèle:Ouvrage\"},\"params\":{\"langue\":{\"wt\":\"fr\"},\"auteur1\":{\"wt\":\"Bernard Fernandez\"},\"titre\":{\"wt\":\"De l&apos;atome au noyau\"},\"sous-titre\":{\"wt\":\"Une approche historique de la physique atomique et de la physique nucléaire\"},\"éditeur\":{\"wt\":\"[[Éditions Ellipses]]\"},\"année\":{\"wt\":\"2006\"},\"pages totales\":{\"wt\":\"597\"},\"passage\":{\"wt\":\"26\"},\"isbn\":{\"wt\":\"978-2-7298-2784-7\"},\"partie\":{\"wt\":\"I\"},\"numéro chapitre\":{\"wt\":\"3\"},\"titre chapitre\":{\"wt\":\"Le polonium et le radium\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'><span class=\"ouvrage\" id=\"Bernard_Fernandez2006\">Bernard Fernandez, <cite class=\"italique\" id=\"mwBpc\">De l'atome au noyau<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\" id=\"mwBpg\"> </span>: Une approche historique de la physique atomique et de la physique nucléaire</cite>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Éditions_Ellipses\" title=\"Éditions Ellipses\" id=\"mwBpk\">Éditions Ellipses</a>, <time id=\"mwBpo\">2006</time>, 597<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwBps\"> </span><abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"pages\" id=\"mwBpw\">p.</abbr> <small style=\"line-height:1em;\" id=\"mwBp0\">(<a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number\" title=\"International Standard Book Number\" id=\"mwBp4\">ISBN</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwBp8\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spécial:Ouvrages_de_référence/978-2-7298-2784-7\" title=\"Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-7298-2784-7\" id=\"mwBqA\"><span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwBqE\">978-2-7298-2784-7</span></a>)</small>, partie<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwBqI\"> </span>I, <abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"chapitre(s)\" id=\"mwBqM\">chap.</abbr><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwBqQ\"> </span>3 («<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\" id=\"mwBqU\"> </span>Le polonium et le radium<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\" id=\"mwBqY\"> </span>»), <abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"page\" id=\"mwBqc\">p.</abbr><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwBqg\"> </span>26<span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=De+l%27atome+au+noyau&amp;rft.atitle=Le+polonium+et+le+radium&amp;rft.pub=%C3%89ditions+Ellipses&amp;rft.stitle=Une+approche+historique+de+la+physique+atomique+et+de+la+physique+nucl%C3%A9aire&amp;rft.aulast=Fernandez&amp;rft.aufirst=Bernard&amp;rft.date=2006&amp;rft.pages=26&amp;rft.tpages=597&amp;rft.isbn=978-2-7298-2784-7&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AMarie+Curie\" id=\"mwBqk\"></span></span></span>.</span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-21\" id=\"cite_note-21\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"21\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwBqo\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-21\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwBqs\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwBqw\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-21\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><span class=\"ouvrage\" about=\"#mwt66\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwBq0\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"Lien web \",\"href\":\"./Modèle:Lien_web\"},\"params\":{\"langue\":{\"wt\":\"fr\"},\"titre\":{\"wt\":\"Prix Gegner\"},\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://academiesciencesmoralesetpolitiques.fr/prix-et-palmares-de-lannee/prix-et-medailles/liste-des-prix-par-classement-thematique/prix-gegner/\"},\"site\":{\"wt\":\"Académie des Sciences Morales et Politiques\"},\"date\":{\"wt\":\"2018-12-14\"},\"consulté le\":{\"wt\":\"2022-04-29\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'>«<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\" id=\"mwBq4\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://academiesciencesmoralesetpolitiques.fr/prix-et-palmares-de-lannee/prix-et-medailles/liste-des-prix-par-classement-thematique/prix-gegner/\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwBq8\"><cite style=\"font-style:normal;\" id=\"mwBrA\">Prix Gegner</cite></a><span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\" id=\"mwBrE\"> </span>», sur <span class=\"italique\" id=\"mwBrI\">Académie des Sciences Morales et Politiques</span>, <time class=\"nowrap\" datetime=\"2018-12-14\" data-sort-value=\"2018-12-14\" id=\"mwBrM\">14 décembre 2018</time> <small style=\"line-height:1em;\" id=\"mwBrQ\">(consulté le <time class=\"nowrap\" datetime=\"2022-04-29\" data-sort-value=\"2022-04-29\" id=\"mwBrU\">29 avril 2022</time>)</small></span></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-22\" id=\"cite_note-22\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"22\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwBrY\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-22\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwBrc\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwBrg\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-22\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\">Le prix Gegner est créé en 1871 à la suite du legs de M. Jean-Louis Gegner à l'Académie des sciences d'un capital d'un revenu annuel de <span about=\"#mwt68\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwBrk\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"unité\",\"href\":\"./Modèle:Unité\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"4000\"},\"2\":{\"wt\":\"[[Franc (unité monétaire)|francs]]\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'>4 000 </span><abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"francs\" about=\"#mwt68\" id=\"mwBro\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franc_(unité_monétaire)\" title=\"Franc (unité monétaire)\" id=\"mwBrs\">francs</a></abbr>, <span class=\"citation\" about=\"#mwt69\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwBrw\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"citation\",\"href\":\"./Modèle:Citation\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"destiné à soutenir un savant pauvre qui se sera signalé par des travaux sérieux, et qui dès lors pourra continuer plus fructueusement ses recherches en faveur du progrès des sciences positives\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'>«<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\" id=\"mwBr0\"> </span>destiné à soutenir un savant pauvre qui se sera signalé par des travaux sérieux, et qui dès lors pourra continuer plus fructueusement ses recherches en faveur du progrès des sciences positives<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\" id=\"mwBr4\"> </span>»</span>.</span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-23\" id=\"cite_note-23\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"23\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwBr8\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-23\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwBsA\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwBsE\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-23\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\">Le salaire annuel d'un jeune professeur de lycée est alors de <span about=\"#mwt71\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwBsI\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"unité\",\"href\":\"./Modèle:Unité\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"3000\"},\"2\":{\"wt\":\"francs\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'>3 000 francs</span>.</span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-24\" id=\"cite_note-24\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"24\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwBsM\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-24\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwBsQ\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwBsU\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-24\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><span class=\"ouvrage\" id=\"Curie1938\" about=\"#mwt74\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"Ouvrage \",\"href\":\"./Modèle:Ouvrage\"},\"params\":{\"langue\":{\"wt\":\"fr\"},\"auteur1\":{\"wt\":\"[[Ève Curie]]\"},\"titre\":{\"wt\":\"Madame Curie\"},\"lieu\":{\"wt\":\"Paris\"},\"éditeur\":{\"wt\":\"[[Éditions Gallimard]]\"},\"année\":{\"wt\":\"1938\"},\"oclc\":{\"wt\":\"1840569\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'><span class=\"ouvrage\" id=\"Ève_Curie1938\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ève_Curie\" title=\"Ève Curie\" id=\"mwBsY\">Ève Curie</a>, <cite class=\"italique\" id=\"mwBsc\">Madame Curie</cite>, Paris, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Éditions_Gallimard\" title=\"Éditions Gallimard\" id=\"mwBsg\">Éditions Gallimard</a>, <time id=\"mwBsk\">1938</time> <small style=\"line-height:1em;\" id=\"mwBso\">(<a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Online_Computer_Library_Center\" title=\"Online Computer Library Center\" id=\"mwBss\">OCLC</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwBsw\"> </span><span class=\"plainlinks noarchive nowrap\" id=\"mwBs0\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://worldcat.org/fr/title/1840569\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwBs4\">1840569</a></span>)</small><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Madame+Curie&amp;rft.place=Paris&amp;rft.pub=%C3%89ditions+Gallimard&amp;rft.aulast=Curie&amp;rft.aufirst=%C3%88ve&amp;rft.date=1938&amp;rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1840569&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AMarie+Curie\" id=\"mwBs8\"></span></span></span><span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\" id=\"mwBtA\"> </span>; et également <span class=\"ouvrage\" id=\"CurieDebierne1910\" about=\"#mwt75\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"Article \",\"href\":\"./Modèle:Article\"},\"params\":{\"auteur1\":{\"wt\":\"Marie Curie\"},\"auteur2\":{\"wt\":\"[[André Debierne]]\"},\"titre\":{\"wt\":\"Sur le polonium\"},\"journal\":{\"wt\":\"Radium\"},\"lieu\":{\"wt\":\"Paris\"},\"volume\":{\"wt\":\"7\"},\"numéro\":{\"wt\":\"2\"},\"date\":{\"wt\":\"février 1910\"},\"url\":{\"wt\":\"http://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/24/23/91/PDF/ajp-radium_1910_7_2_38_1.pdf\"},\"format\":{\"wt\":\"PDF\"},\"consulté le\":{\"wt\":\"14 02 2016\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'><span class=\"ouvrage\" id=\"Marie_CurieAndré_Debierne1910\">Marie Curie et <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/André_Debierne\" title=\"André Debierne\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwBtE\">André Debierne</a>, «<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\" id=\"mwBtI\"> </span><cite style=\"font-style:normal\" id=\"mwBtM\">Sur le polonium</cite><span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\" id=\"mwBtQ\"> </span>», <i id=\"mwBtU\">Radium</i>, Paris, <abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"volume\" id=\"mwBtY\">vol.</abbr><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwBtc\"> </span>7, <abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"numéro\" id=\"mwBtg\">n<sup id=\"mwBtk\">o</sup></abbr><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwBto\"> </span>2,<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwBts\">‎</span> <time class=\"nowrap\" datetime=\"1910-02\" data-sort-value=\"1910-02\" id=\"mwBtw\">février 1910</time> <small style=\"line-height:1em;\" id=\"mwBt0\">(<a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"http://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/24/23/91/PDF/ajp-radium_1910_7_2_38_1.pdf\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwBt4\">lire en ligne</a> <abbr class=\"abbr indicateur-format format-pdf\" title=\"Document au format Portable Document Format (PDF) d'Adobe\" id=\"mwBt8\"><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwBuA\">[</span>PDF<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwBuE\">]</span></abbr>, consulté le <time class=\"nowrap\" datetime=\"2016-02-14\" data-sort-value=\"2016-02-14\" id=\"mwBuI\">14 février 2016</time>)</small><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=Sur+le+polonium&amp;rft.jtitle=Radium&amp;rft.issue=2&amp;rft.aulast=Curie&amp;rft.aufirst=Marie&amp;rft.au=Andr%C3%A9+Debierne&amp;rft.date=1910-02&amp;rft.volume=7&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhal.archives-ouvertes.fr%2Fdocs%2F00%2F24%2F23%2F91%2FPDF%2Fajp-radium_1910_7_2_38_1.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AMarie+Curie\" id=\"mwBuM\"></span></span></span>.</span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-25\" id=\"cite_note-25\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"25\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwBuQ\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-25\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwBuU\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwBuY\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-25\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\">La substance obtenue n'était pas complètement purifiée<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\" id=\"mwBuc\"> </span>: le polonium 210 pur est en effet considérablement plus radioactif encore, de l'ordre de dix milliards de fois plus radioactif que l'uranium.</span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-26\" id=\"cite_note-26\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"26\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwBug\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-26\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwBuk\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwBuo\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-26\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><span about=\"#mwt78\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwBus\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"CNRTL\",\"href\":\"./Modèle:CNRTL\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"polonium\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'>Informations </span><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"http://www.cnrtl.fr/definition/polonium\" about=\"#mwt78\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwBuw\">lexicographiques</a><span about=\"#mwt78\" id=\"mwBu0\"> et </span><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"http://www.cnrtl.fr/etymologie/polonium\" about=\"#mwt78\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwBu4\">étymologiques</a><span about=\"#mwt78\" id=\"mwBu8\"> de «<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\" id=\"mwBvA\"> </span>polonium<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\" id=\"mwBvE\"> </span>»  dans le </span><i about=\"#mwt78\" id=\"mwBvI\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trésor_de_la_langue_française_informatisé\" title=\"Trésor de la langue française informatisé\" id=\"mwBvM\">Trésor de la langue française informatisé</a></i><span about=\"#mwt78\" id=\"mwBvQ\">, sur le site du </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre_national_de_ressources_textuelles_et_lexicales\" title=\"Centre national de ressources textuelles et lexicales\" about=\"#mwt78\" id=\"mwBvU\">Centre national de ressources textuelles et lexicales</a>.</span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-27\" id=\"cite_note-27\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"27\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwBvY\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-27\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwBvc\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwBvg\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-27\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><span class=\"ouvrage\" about=\"#mwt82\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwBvk\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"Lien web \",\"href\":\"./Modèle:Lien_web\"},\"params\":{\"titre\":{\"wt\":\"Marie Curie\"},\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://mariecurie.leden.org/site/radio/radio1_3.php\"},\"site\":{\"wt\":\"mariecurie.leden.org\"},\"consulté le\":{\"wt\":\"2021-08-09\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'>«<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\" id=\"mwBvo\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://mariecurie.leden.org/site/radio/radio1_3.php\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwBvs\"><cite style=\"font-style:normal;\" id=\"mwBvw\">Marie Curie</cite></a><span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\" id=\"mwBv0\"> </span>», sur <span class=\"italique\" id=\"mwBv4\">mariecurie.leden.org</span> <small style=\"line-height:1em;\" id=\"mwBv8\">(consulté le <time class=\"nowrap\" datetime=\"2021-08-09\" data-sort-value=\"2021-08-09\" id=\"mwBwA\">9 août 2021</time>)</small></span>.</span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-28\" id=\"cite_note-28\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"28\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwBwE\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-28\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwBwI\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwBwM\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-28\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar/handle/10915/18338\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwBwQ\">texte de la thèse</a>.</span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-laureat_Nobel_1903-29\" id=\"cite_note-laureat_Nobel_1903-29\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"29\"><span rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwBwU\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-laureat_Nobel_1903_29-0\" id=\"mwBwY\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwBwc\">1</span></a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-laureat_Nobel_1903_29-1\" id=\"mwBwg\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwBwk\">2</span></a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-laureat_Nobel_1903_29-2\" id=\"mwBwo\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwBws\">3</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-laureat_Nobel_1903-29\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><abbr class=\"abbr indicateur-langue\" title=\"Langue : anglais\" about=\"#mwt92\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwBww\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"Lien web Nobel \",\"href\":\"./Modèle:Lien_web_Nobel\"},\"params\":{\"url\":{\"wt\":\"http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1903/\"},\"titre\":{\"wt\":\"The Nobel Prize in Physics 1903\"},\"auteur\":{\"wt\":\"Personnel de rédaction\"},\"année\":{\"wt\":\"2010\"},\"éditeur\":{\"wt\":\"[[Fondation Nobel]]\"},\"citation\":{\"wt\":\"in recognition of the extraordinary services they have rendered by their joint researches on the radiation phenomena discovered by Professor Henri Becquerel\"},\"consulté le\":{\"wt\":\"12 juin 2010\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'>(en)</abbr><span about=\"#mwt92\" id=\"mwBw0\"> </span><span class=\"citation not_fr_quote\" lang=\"en\" about=\"#mwt92\" id=\"mwBw4\">«<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\" id=\"mwBw8\"> </span><span class=\"italique\" id=\"mwBxA\">in recognition of the extraordinary services they have rendered by their joint researches on the radiation phenomena discovered by Professor Henri Becquerel</span><span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\" id=\"mwBxE\"> </span>»</span><span about=\"#mwt92\" id=\"mwBxI\"> </span><i about=\"#mwt92\" id=\"mwBxM\">in</i><span about=\"#mwt92\" id=\"mwBxQ\"> Personnel de rédaction, «<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\" id=\"mwBxU\"> </span></span><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1903/\" about=\"#mwt92\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwBxY\"><i id=\"mwBxc\">The Nobel Prize in Physics 1903</i></a><span about=\"#mwt92\" id=\"mwBxg\"><span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\" id=\"mwBxk\"> </span>», </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fondation_Nobel\" title=\"Fondation Nobel\" about=\"#mwt92\" id=\"mwBxo\">Fondation Nobel</a><span about=\"#mwt92\" id=\"mwBxs\">, 2010. Consulté le 12 juin 2010</span>.</span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-universel-30\" id=\"cite_note-universel-30\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"30\"><span rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwBxw\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-universel_30-0\" id=\"mwBx0\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwBx4\">1</span></a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-universel_30-1\" id=\"mwBx8\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwByA\">2</span></a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-universel_30-2\" id=\"mwByE\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwByI\">3</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-universel-30\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><span class=\"ouvrage\" id=\"Adler2006\" about=\"#mwt94\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"Ouvrage\",\"href\":\"./Modèle:Ouvrage\"},\"params\":{\"auteur1\":{\"wt\":\"[[Laure Adler]]\"},\"titre\":{\"wt\":\"L&apos;universel (au) féminin\"},\"volume\":{\"wt\":\"3\"},\"éditeur\":{\"wt\":\"[[Éditions L&apos;Harmattan]]\"},\"année\":{\"wt\":\"2006\"},\"isbn\":{\"wt\":\"\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'><span class=\"ouvrage\" id=\"Laure_Adler2006\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laure_Adler\" title=\"Laure Adler\" id=\"mwByM\">Laure Adler</a>, <cite class=\"italique\" id=\"mwByQ\">L'universel (au) féminin</cite>, <abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"volume\" id=\"mwByU\">vol.</abbr><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwByY\"> </span>3, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Éditions_L'Harmattan\" title=\"Éditions L'Harmattan\" id=\"mwByc\">Éditions L'Harmattan</a>, <time id=\"mwByg\">2006</time><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=L%27universel+%28au%29+f%C3%A9minin&amp;rft.pub=%C3%89ditions+L%27Harmattan&amp;rft.aulast=Adler&amp;rft.aufirst=Laure&amp;rft.date=2006&amp;rft.volume=3&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AMarie+Curie\" id=\"mwByk\"></span></span></span>.</span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-31\" id=\"cite_note-31\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"31\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwByo\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-31\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwBys\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwByw\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-31\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"http://www.accademiaxl.it/finalita_prscientifici_med_matteucci_eng.php\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwBy0\">Académie des sciences italienne</a>.</span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-32\" id=\"cite_note-32\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"32\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwBy4\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-32\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwBy8\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwBzA\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-32\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\">L'intimité de la vie familiale de Marie Curie est évoquée dans les lettres échangées entre la mère et ses filles<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\" id=\"mwBzE\"> </span>: <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hélène_Langevin-Joliot\" title=\"Hélène Langevin-Joliot\" id=\"mwBzI\">Hélène Langevin-Joliot</a>, <i id=\"mwBzM\">Marie Curie et ses filles<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\" id=\"mwBzQ\"> </span>: Lettres</i>, Pygmalion, 2011.</span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-33\" id=\"cite_note-33\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"33\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwBzU\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-33\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwBzY\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwBzc\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-33\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><span class=\"ouvrage\" id=\"Pigeard-Micault\" about=\"#mwt102\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"Lien web\",\"href\":\"./Modèle:Lien_web\"},\"params\":{\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://francearchives.fr/fr/pages_histoire/26287410\"},\"titre\":{\"wt\":\"Marie Curie, Varsovie (Pologne), 7 novembre 1867 – Sancellemoz (Haute-Savoie), 4 juillet 1934\"},\"auteur\":{\"wt\":\"Natalie Pigeard-Micault\"},\"site\":{\"wt\":\"francearchives.fr\"},\"consulté le\":{\"wt\":\"11 août 2022\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'><span class=\"ouvrage\" id=\"Natalie_Pigeard-Micault\">Natalie Pigeard-Micault, «<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\" id=\"mwBzg\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://francearchives.fr/fr/pages_histoire/26287410\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwBzk\"><cite style=\"font-style:normal;\" id=\"mwBzo\">Marie Curie, Varsovie (Pologne), 7 novembre 1867 – Sancellemoz (Haute-Savoie), 4 juillet 1934</cite></a><span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\" id=\"mwBzs\"> </span>», sur <span class=\"italique\" id=\"mwBzw\">francearchives.fr</span> <small style=\"line-height:1em;\" id=\"mwBz0\">(consulté le <time class=\"nowrap\" datetime=\"2022-08-11\" data-sort-value=\"2022-08-11\" id=\"mwBz4\">11 août 2022</time>)</small></span></span>.</span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-34\" id=\"cite_note-34\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"34\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwBz8\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-34\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwB0A\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwB0E\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-34\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><span class=\"ouvrage\" about=\"#mwt104\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwB0I\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"Lien web\",\"href\":\"./Modèle:Lien_web\"},\"params\":{\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://musee.curie.fr/decouvrir/la-famille-curie/biographie-de-marie-curie\"},\"titre\":{\"wt\":\"Biographie de Marie Curie\"},\"site\":{\"wt\":\"musee.curie.fr\"},\"consulté le\":{\"wt\":\"11 août 2022\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'>«<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\" id=\"mwB0M\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://musee.curie.fr/decouvrir/la-famille-curie/biographie-de-marie-curie\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwB0Q\"><cite style=\"font-style:normal;\" id=\"mwB0U\">Biographie de Marie Curie</cite></a><span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\" id=\"mwB0Y\"> </span>», sur <span class=\"italique\" id=\"mwB0c\">musee.curie.fr</span> <small style=\"line-height:1em;\" id=\"mwB0g\">(consulté le <time class=\"nowrap\" datetime=\"2022-08-11\" data-sort-value=\"2022-08-11\" id=\"mwB0k\">11 août 2022</time>)</small></span>.</span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-35\" id=\"cite_note-35\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"35\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwB0o\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-35\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwB0s\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwB0w\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-35\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\">Soraya Boudia, <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"http://www.theses.fr/1997PA070137\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwB00\"><i id=\"mwB04\">Marie Curie et son laboratoire<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\" id=\"mwB08\"> </span>: science, industrie, instruments et métrologie de la radioactivité en France. 1896-1941</i></a>, thèse de doctorat en histoire des sciences, université Paris VII - Denis Diderot, 1997<!-- Quelle page ? -->.</span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-36\" id=\"cite_note-36\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"36\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwB1A\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-36\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwB1E\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwB1I\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-36\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><abbr class=\"abbr indicateur-langue\" title=\"Langues : anglais et français\" about=\"#mwt110\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwB1M\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"mul\",\"href\":\"./Modèle:Mul\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"en\"},\"2\":{\"wt\":\"fr\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'>(en + fr)</abbr> Natalie Pigeard-Micault, \"The Curie's Lab and its Women (1906–1934), Le laboratoire Curie et ses Femmes (1906–1934).\", <i id=\"mwB1Q\">Annals of Science</i>, 70.1 (2013): 71-100.</span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-37\" id=\"cite_note-37\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"37\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwB1U\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-37\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwB1Y\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwB1c\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-37\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><span class=\"ouvrage\" id=\"Trotereau2011\" about=\"#mwt114\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"Ouvrage\",\"href\":\"./Modèle:Ouvrage\"},\"params\":{\"auteur1\":{\"wt\":\"Janine Trotereau\"},\"titre\":{\"wt\":\"Marie Curie\"},\"éditeur\":{\"wt\":\"[[Éditions Gallimard]]\"},\"année\":{\"wt\":\"2011\"},\"passage\":{\"wt\":\"178\"},\"isbn\":{\"wt\":\"\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'><span class=\"ouvrage\" id=\"Janine_Trotereau2011\">Janine Trotereau, <cite class=\"italique\" id=\"mwB1g\">Marie Curie</cite>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Éditions_Gallimard\" title=\"Éditions Gallimard\" id=\"mwB1k\">Éditions Gallimard</a>, <time id=\"mwB1o\">2011</time>, <abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"page\" id=\"mwB1s\">p.</abbr><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwB1w\"> </span>178<span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Marie+Curie&amp;rft.pub=%C3%89ditions+Gallimard&amp;rft.aulast=Trotereau&amp;rft.aufirst=Janine&amp;rft.date=2011&amp;rft.pages=178&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AMarie+Curie\" id=\"mwB10\"></span></span></span></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-38\" id=\"cite_note-38\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"38\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwB14\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-38\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwB18\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwB2A\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-38\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><span class=\"ouvrage\" id=\"Laroche-Signorile2017\" about=\"#mwt116\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"Lien web\",\"href\":\"./Modèle:Lien_web\"},\"params\":{\"url\":{\"wt\":\"http://www.lefigaro.fr/histoire/archives/2016/11/04/26010-20161104ARTFIG00312-marie-curie-salle-comble-pour-son-premier-cours-a-la-sorbonne-en-1906.php\"},\"titre\":{\"wt\":\"Marie Curie : salle comble pour son premier cours à la Sorbonne en 1906\"},\"site\":{\"wt\":\"lefigaro.fr\"},\"date\":{\"wt\":\"6 novembre 2017\"},\"auteur\":{\"wt\":\"Véronique Laroche-Signorile\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'><span class=\"ouvrage\" id=\"Véronique_Laroche-Signorile2017\">Véronique Laroche-Signorile, «<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\" id=\"mwB2E\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"http://www.lefigaro.fr/histoire/archives/2016/11/04/26010-20161104ARTFIG00312-marie-curie-salle-comble-pour-son-premier-cours-a-la-sorbonne-en-1906.php\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwB2I\"><cite style=\"font-style:normal;\" id=\"mwB2M\">Marie Curie<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\" id=\"mwB2Q\"> </span>: salle comble pour son premier cours à la Sorbonne en 1906</cite></a><span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\" id=\"mwB2U\"> </span>», sur <span class=\"italique\" id=\"mwB2Y\">lefigaro.fr</span>, <time class=\"nowrap\" datetime=\"2017-11-06\" data-sort-value=\"2017-11-06\" id=\"mwB2c\">6 novembre 2017</time></span></span>.</span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-39\" id=\"cite_note-39\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"39\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwB2g\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-39\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwB2k\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwB2o\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-39\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><span class=\"ouvrage\" id=\"Christen-Lécuyer2000\" about=\"#mwt121\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"Article\",\"href\":\"./Modèle:Article\"},\"params\":{\"auteur1\":{\"wt\":\"C. Christen-Lécuyer\"},\"titre\":{\"wt\":\"Les premières étudiantes de l&apos;Université de Paris\"},\"périodique\":{\"wt\":\"Travail, genre et sociétés\"},\"volume\":{\"wt\":\"4\"},\"numéro\":{\"wt\":\"2\"},\"pages\":{\"wt\":\"35-50\"},\"date\":{\"wt\":\"2000\"},\"lire en ligne\":{\"wt\":\"https://doi.org/10.3917/tgs.004.0035\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'><span class=\"ouvrage\" id=\"C._Christen-Lécuyer2000\">C. Christen-Lécuyer, «<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\" id=\"mwB2s\"> </span><cite style=\"font-style:normal\" id=\"mwB2w\">Les premières étudiantes de l'Université de Paris</cite><span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\" id=\"mwB20\"> </span>», <i id=\"mwB24\">Travail, genre et sociétés</i>, <abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"volume\" id=\"mwB28\">vol.</abbr><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwB3A\"> </span>4, <abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"numéro\" id=\"mwB3E\">n<sup id=\"mwB3I\">o</sup></abbr><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwB3M\"> </span>2,<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwB3Q\">‎</span> <time id=\"mwB3U\">2000</time>, <abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"pages\" id=\"mwB3Y\">p.</abbr><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwB3c\"> </span><span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwB3g\">35-50</span> <small style=\"line-height:1em;\" id=\"mwB3k\">(<a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://doi.org/10.3917/tgs.004.0035\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwB3o\">lire en ligne</a>)</small><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=Les+premi%C3%A8res+%C3%A9tudiantes+de+l%27Universit%C3%A9+de+Paris&amp;rft.jtitle=Travail%2C+genre+et+soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9s&amp;rft.issue=2&amp;rft.aulast=Christen-L%C3%A9cuyer&amp;rft.aufirst=C.&amp;rft.date=2000&amp;rft.volume=4&amp;rft.pages=35-50&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AMarie+Curie\" id=\"mwB3s\"></span></span></span></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-40\" id=\"cite_note-40\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"40\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwB3w\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-40\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwB30\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwB34\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-40\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\">Yannick Ripa, «<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\" id=\"mwB38\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"http://www.histoire.presse.fr/content/2_recherche-index/article?id=3153\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwB4A\">Marie Curie n'entrera pas à l'Académie…</a><span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\" id=\"mwB4E\"> </span>», <i id=\"mwB4I\">L'Histoire</i>, <abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"numéro\" about=\"#mwt124\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwB4M\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"n°\",\"href\":\"./Modèle:N°\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"258\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'>n<sup id=\"mwB4Q\">o</sup></abbr><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" about=\"#mwt124\" id=\"mwB4U\"> </span><span about=\"#mwt124\" id=\"mwB4Y\">258</span>, octobre 2001.</span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-41\" id=\"cite_note-41\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"41\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwB4c\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-41\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwB4g\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwB4k\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-41\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Étienne_Ghys\" title=\"Étienne Ghys\" id=\"mwB4o\">Étienne Ghys</a>, <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://vds.hypotheses.org/50\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwB4s\">«<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\" id=\"mwB4w\"> </span>L’Académie des sciences, l’Institut, et les femmes, en 1911<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\" id=\"mwB40\"> </span>»</a>, hypotheses.org, 21 avril 2024.</span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-42\" id=\"cite_note-42\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"42\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwB44\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-42\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwB48\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwB5A\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-42\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"http://mariecurie.science.gouv.fr/portrait/portrait4_2.php\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwB5E\"><i id=\"mwB5I\">Marie, directrice de laboratoire, Le prix Nobel de chimie</i></a>, consulté le <time class=\"nowrap\" datetime=\"2008-10-25\" data-sort-value=\"2008-10-25\" about=\"#mwt132\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwB5M\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"date\",\"href\":\"./Modèle:Date\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"25 octobre 2008\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'>25 octobre 2008</time>.</span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-43\" id=\"cite_note-43\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"43\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwB5Q\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-43\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwB5U\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwB5Y\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-43\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><span class=\"lang-en\" lang=\"en\" about=\"#mwt134\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwB5c\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"langue\",\"href\":\"./Modèle:Langue\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"en\"},\"2\":{\"wt\":\"Marie Curie and the Science of Radioactivity\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'>Marie Curie and the Science of Radioactivity</span>, <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"http://www.aip.org/history/curie/scandal2.htm\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwB5g\"><i id=\"mwB5k\"><span class=\"lang-en\" lang=\"en\" about=\"#mwt135\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwB5o\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"langue\",\"href\":\"./Modèle:Langue\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"en\"},\"2\":{\"wt\":\"Scandal and Recovery (1910 - 1913)\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'>Scandal and Recovery (1910 - 1913)</span></i></a>.</span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-laureat_Nobel_1911-44\" id=\"cite_note-laureat_Nobel_1911-44\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"44\"><span rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwB5s\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-laureat_Nobel_1911_44-0\" id=\"mwB5w\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwB50\">1</span></a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-laureat_Nobel_1911_44-1\" id=\"mwB54\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwB58\">2</span></a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-laureat_Nobel_1911_44-2\" id=\"mwB6A\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwB6E\">3</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-laureat_Nobel_1911-44\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><abbr class=\"abbr indicateur-langue\" title=\"Langue : anglais\" about=\"#mwt139\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwB6I\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"Lien web Nobel \",\"href\":\"./Modèle:Lien_web_Nobel\"},\"params\":{\"url\":{\"wt\":\"http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1911/\"},\"titre\":{\"wt\":\"The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1911\"},\"auteur\":{\"wt\":\"Personnel de rédaction\"},\"année\":{\"wt\":\"2010\"},\"éditeur\":{\"wt\":\"[[Fondation Nobel]]\"},\"citation\":{\"wt\":\"in recognition of her services to the advancement of chemistry by the discovery of the elements radium and polonium, by the isolation of radium and the study of the nature and compounds of this remarkable element.\"},\"consulté le\":{\"wt\":\"2 juillet 2010\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'>(en)</abbr><span about=\"#mwt139\" id=\"mwB6M\"> </span><span class=\"citation not_fr_quote\" lang=\"en\" about=\"#mwt139\" id=\"mwB6Q\">«<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\" id=\"mwB6U\"> </span><span class=\"italique\" id=\"mwB6Y\">in recognition of her services to the advancement of chemistry by the discovery of the elements radium and polonium, by the isolation of radium and the study of the nature and compounds of this remarkable element.</span><span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\" id=\"mwB6c\"> </span>»</span><span about=\"#mwt139\" id=\"mwB6g\"> </span><i about=\"#mwt139\" id=\"mwB6k\">in</i><span about=\"#mwt139\" id=\"mwB6o\"> Personnel de rédaction, «<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\" id=\"mwB6s\"> </span></span><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1911/\" about=\"#mwt139\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwB6w\"><i id=\"mwB60\">The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1911</i></a><span about=\"#mwt139\" id=\"mwB64\"><span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\" id=\"mwB68\"> </span>», </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fondation_Nobel\" title=\"Fondation Nobel\" about=\"#mwt139\" id=\"mwB7A\">Fondation Nobel</a><span about=\"#mwt139\" id=\"mwB7E\">, 2010. Consulté le 2 juillet 2010</span>.</span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-45\" id=\"cite_note-45\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"45\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwB7I\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-45\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwB7M\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwB7Q\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-45\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><span class=\"ouvrage\" id=\"MassiotPigeard-Micault2014\" about=\"#mwt148\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"Ouvrage\",\"href\":\"./Modèle:Ouvrage\"},\"params\":{\"langue\":{\"wt\":\"fr\"},\"prénom1\":{\"wt\":\"Anaïs\"},\"nom1\":{\"wt\":\"Massiot\"},\"auteur2\":{\"wt\":\"Natalie Pigeard-Micault\"},\"titre\":{\"wt\":\"Marie Curie et la Grande Guerre\"},\"lieu\":{\"wt\":\"Paris\"},\"éditeur\":{\"wt\":\"Éd. Glyphe\"},\"nature ouvrage\":{\"wt\":\"Biographie\"},\"année\":{\"wt\":\"2014\"},\"pages totales\":{\"wt\":\"77\"},\"isbn\":{\"wt\":\"978-2-35815-134-4\"},\"oclc\":{\"wt\":\"883654032\"},\"bnf\":{\"wt\":\"43852573\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'><span class=\"ouvrage\" id=\"Anaïs_MassiotNatalie_Pigeard-Micault2014\">Anaïs <span class=\"nom_auteur\" id=\"mwB7U\">Massiot</span> et Natalie Pigeard-Micault, <cite class=\"italique\" id=\"mwB7Y\">Marie Curie et la Grande Guerre</cite> (Biographie), Paris, Éd. Glyphe, <time id=\"mwB7c\">2014</time>, 77<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwB7g\"> </span><abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"pages\" id=\"mwB7k\">p.</abbr> <small style=\"line-height:1em;\" id=\"mwB7o\">(<a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number\" title=\"International Standard Book Number\" id=\"mwB7s\">ISBN</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwB7w\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spécial:Ouvrages_de_référence/978-2-35815-134-4\" title=\"Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-35815-134-4\" id=\"mwB70\"><span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwB74\">978-2-35815-134-4</span></a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Online_Computer_Library_Center\" title=\"Online Computer Library Center\" id=\"mwB78\">OCLC</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwB8A\"> </span><span class=\"plainlinks noarchive nowrap\" id=\"mwB8E\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://worldcat.org/fr/title/883654032\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwB8I\">883654032</a></span>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bibliothèque_nationale_de_France\" title=\"Bibliothèque nationale de France\" id=\"mwB8M\">BNF</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwB8Q\"> </span><span class=\"plainlinks noarchive nowrap\" id=\"mwB8U\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb43852573c.public\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwB8Y\">43852573</a></span>)</small><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Marie+Curie+et+la+Grande+Guerre&amp;rft.place=Paris&amp;rft.pub=%C3%89d.+Glyphe&amp;rft.aulast=Massiot&amp;rft.aufirst=Ana%C3%AFs&amp;rft.au=Natalie+Pigeard-Micault&amp;rft.date=2014&amp;rft.tpages=77&amp;rft.isbn=978-2-35815-134-4&amp;rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F883654032&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AMarie+Curie\" id=\"mwB8c\"></span></span></span>.</span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-46\" id=\"cite_note-46\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"46\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwB8g\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-46\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwB8k\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwB8o\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-46\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"http://musee.curie.fr/media/files/02_Marie%20Curie.pdf\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwB8s\">Biographie de Marie Curie-Sklodowska (1867-1934)</a>, sur le site du musée Curie, <abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"page\" about=\"#mwt150\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwB8w\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"p.\",\"href\":\"./Modèle:P.\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"2\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'>p.</abbr><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" about=\"#mwt150\" id=\"mwB80\"> </span><span about=\"#mwt150\" id=\"mwB84\">2</span>.</span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-47\" id=\"cite_note-47\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"47\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwB88\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-47\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwB9A\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwB9E\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-47\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\">J.-J. Ferrandis, A. Ségal, <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"http://www.bium.univ-paris5.fr/sfhm/journees/2008/16.pdf\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwB9I\">L'essor de la radiologie osseuse pendant la guerre de 1914-1918</a>, <abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"page\" about=\"#mwt152\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwB9M\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"p.\",\"href\":\"./Modèle:P.\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"50\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'>p.</abbr><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" about=\"#mwt152\" id=\"mwB9Q\"> </span><span about=\"#mwt152\" id=\"mwB9U\">50</span>.</span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-48\" id=\"cite_note-48\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"48\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwB9Y\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-48\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwB9c\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwB9g\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-48\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\">Son collègue à l'institut du radium, le docteur <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claudius_Regaud\" title=\"Claudius Regaud\" id=\"mwB9k\">Claudius Regaud</a>, était mobilisé comme médecin de seconde classe, sur le front, mais placé à la tête d'un hôpital militaire, au début du conflit, par l'entregent de son protecteur, le professeur Roux. Ne sachant pas utiliser ce matériel performant d'un point de vue médical concret, elle a demandé une formation à Béclère.</span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-49\" id=\"cite_note-49\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"49\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwB9o\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-49\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwB9s\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwB9w\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-49\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\">L'école formera en tout 150 radiologistes. À voir, au-delà de quelques anachronismes de pensée et des reconstitutions paysagères parfois bien peu réalistes, le film «<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\" id=\"mwB90\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Curie,_une_femme_sur_le_front\" title=\"Marie Curie, une femme sur le front\" id=\"mwB94\">Marie Curie, une femme sur le front</a><span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\" id=\"mwB98\"> </span>», du réalisateur Alain Brunard, en 2013. Lire aussi de <span class=\"ouvrage\" id=\"Himbert2014\" about=\"#mwt155\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"Ouvrage\",\"href\":\"./Modèle:Ouvrage\"},\"params\":{\"langue\":{\"wt\":\"fr\"},\"auteur1\":{\"wt\":\"Marie-Noëlle Himbert\"},\"titre\":{\"wt\":\"Marie Curie : portrait d&apos;une femme engagée, 1914-1918 : récit\"},\"lieu\":{\"wt\":\"Arles\"},\"éditeur\":{\"wt\":\"[[Actes Sud]]\"},\"année\":{\"wt\":\"2014\"},\"pages totales\":{\"wt\":\"221\"},\"isbn\":{\"wt\":\"978-2-330-03678-2\"},\"isbn2\":{\"wt\":\"2-330-03678-7\"},\"oclc\":{\"wt\":\"897661760\"},\"bnf\":{\"wt\":\"44224889\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'><span class=\"ouvrage\" id=\"Marie-Noëlle_Himbert2014\">Marie-Noëlle Himbert, <cite class=\"italique\" id=\"mwB-A\">Marie Curie<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\" id=\"mwB-E\"> </span>: portrait d'une femme engagée, 1914-1918<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\" id=\"mwB-I\"> </span>: récit</cite>, Arles, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Actes_Sud\" title=\"Actes Sud\" id=\"mwB-M\">Actes Sud</a>, <time id=\"mwB-Q\">2014</time>, 221<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwB-U\"> </span><abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"pages\" id=\"mwB-Y\">p.</abbr> <small style=\"line-height:1em;\" id=\"mwB-c\">(<a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number\" title=\"International Standard Book Number\" id=\"mwB-g\">ISBN</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwB-k\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spécial:Ouvrages_de_référence/978-2-330-03678-2\" title=\"Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-330-03678-2\" id=\"mwB-o\"><span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwB-s\">978-2-330-03678-2</span></a> et <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spécial:Ouvrages_de_référence/2-330-03678-7\" title=\"Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/2-330-03678-7\" id=\"mwB-w\"><span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwB-0\">2-330-03678-7</span></a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Online_Computer_Library_Center\" title=\"Online Computer Library Center\" id=\"mwB-4\">OCLC</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwB-8\"> </span><span class=\"plainlinks noarchive nowrap\" id=\"mwB_A\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://worldcat.org/fr/title/897661760\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwB_E\">897661760</a></span>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bibliothèque_nationale_de_France\" title=\"Bibliothèque nationale de France\" id=\"mwB_I\">BNF</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwB_M\"> </span><span class=\"plainlinks noarchive nowrap\" id=\"mwB_Q\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb44224889j.public\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwB_U\">44224889</a></span>)</small><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Marie+Curie+%3A+portrait+d%27une+femme+engag%C3%A9e%2C+1914-1918+%3A+r%C3%A9cit&amp;rft.place=Arles&amp;rft.pub=Actes+Sud&amp;rft.aulast=Himbert&amp;rft.aufirst=Marie-No%C3%ABlle&amp;rft.date=2014&amp;rft.tpages=221&amp;rft.isbn=978-2-330-03678-2&amp;rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F897661760&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AMarie+Curie\" id=\"mwB_Y\"></span></span></span>.</span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-50\" id=\"cite_note-50\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"50\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwB_c\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-50\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwB_g\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwB_k\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-50\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\">Louis-Pascal Jacquemond, <i id=\"mwB_o\">Irène Joliot-Curie: Biographie</i>, Odile Jacob, 2014 <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://books.google.fr/books?id=hDSlAgAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA1925-IA204&amp;#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwB_s\">note 48, <abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"page\" about=\"#mwt158\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwB_w\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"p.\",\"href\":\"./Modèle:P.\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"1925\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'>p.</abbr><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" about=\"#mwt158\" id=\"mwB_0\"> </span><span about=\"#mwt158\" id=\"mwB_4\">1925</span></a>.</span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-51\" id=\"cite_note-51\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"51\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwB_8\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-51\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwCAA\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwCAE\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-51\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><span class=\"ouvrage\" id=\"Pigeard-Micault2013\" about=\"#mwt161\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"Ouvrage\",\"href\":\"./Modèle:Ouvrage\"},\"params\":{\"langue\":{\"wt\":\"fr\"},\"auteur1\":{\"wt\":\"Natalie Pigeard-Micault\"},\"titre\":{\"wt\":\"Les femmes du laboratoire de Marie Curie\"},\"lieu\":{\"wt\":\"Paris\"},\"éditeur\":{\"wt\":\"Éd. Glyphe\"},\"nature ouvrage\":{\"wt\":\"Biographie\"},\"année\":{\"wt\":\"2013\"},\"pages totales\":{\"wt\":\"297\"},\"isbn\":{\"wt\":\"978-2-35815-111-5\"},\"isbn2\":{\"wt\":\"2-35815-111-4\"},\"isbn3\":{\"wt\":\"2-35815-111-4\"},\"oclc\":{\"wt\":\"863048754\"},\"bnf\":{\"wt\":\"43669089\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'><span class=\"ouvrage\" id=\"Natalie_Pigeard-Micault2013\">Natalie Pigeard-Micault, <cite class=\"italique\" id=\"mwCAI\">Les femmes du laboratoire de Marie Curie</cite> (Biographie), Paris, Éd. Glyphe, <time id=\"mwCAM\">2013</time>, 297<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwCAQ\"> </span><abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"pages\" id=\"mwCAU\">p.</abbr> <small style=\"line-height:1em;\" id=\"mwCAY\">(<a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number\" title=\"International Standard Book Number\" id=\"mwCAc\">ISBN</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwCAg\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spécial:Ouvrages_de_référence/978-2-35815-111-5\" title=\"Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-35815-111-5\" id=\"mwCAk\"><span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwCAo\">978-2-35815-111-5</span></a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spécial:Ouvrages_de_référence/2-35815-111-4\" title=\"Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/2-35815-111-4\" id=\"mwCAs\"><span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwCAw\">2-35815-111-4</span></a> et <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spécial:Ouvrages_de_référence/2-35815-111-4\" title=\"Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/2-35815-111-4\" id=\"mwCA0\"><span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwCA4\">2-35815-111-4</span></a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Online_Computer_Library_Center\" title=\"Online Computer Library Center\" id=\"mwCA8\">OCLC</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwCBA\"> </span><span class=\"plainlinks noarchive nowrap\" id=\"mwCBE\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://worldcat.org/fr/title/863048754\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwCBI\">863048754</a></span>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bibliothèque_nationale_de_France\" title=\"Bibliothèque nationale de France\" id=\"mwCBM\">BNF</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwCBQ\"> </span><span class=\"plainlinks noarchive nowrap\" id=\"mwCBU\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb43669089x.public\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwCBY\">43669089</a></span>)</small><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Les+femmes+du+laboratoire+de+Marie+Curie&amp;rft.place=Paris&amp;rft.pub=%C3%89d.+Glyphe&amp;rft.aulast=Pigeard-Micault&amp;rft.aufirst=Natalie&amp;rft.date=2013&amp;rft.tpages=297&amp;rft.isbn=978-2-35815-111-5&amp;rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F863048754&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AMarie+Curie\" id=\"mwCBc\"></span></span></span>.</span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-52\" id=\"cite_note-52\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"52\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwCBg\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-52\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwCBk\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwCBo\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-52\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\">Grandjean, Martin (2013) <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"http://www.martingrandjean.ch/archives-images-apercus-commission-cooperation-intellectuelle/\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwCBs\"><i id=\"mwCBw\">Archives en images<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\" id=\"mwCB0\"> </span>: Quelques aperçus de la Commission de coopération intellectuelle</i></a>.</span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-goldsmith-53\" id=\"cite_note-goldsmith-53\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"53\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwCB4\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-goldsmith_53-0\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwCB8\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwCCA\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-goldsmith-53\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><span class=\"ouvrage\" id=\"Goldsmith2005\" about=\"#mwt166\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"Ouvrage\",\"href\":\"./Modèle:Ouvrage\"},\"params\":{\"auteur1\":{\"wt\":\"Barbara Goldsmith\"},\"titre\":{\"wt\":\"Obsessive Genius\"},\"sous-titre\":{\"wt\":\"The Inner World of Marie Curie\"},\"éditeur\":{\"wt\":\"[[W. W. Norton &amp; Company]]\"},\"année\":{\"wt\":\"2005\"},\"pages totales\":{\"wt\":\"256\"},\"passage\":{\"wt\":\"149\"},\"isbn\":{\"wt\":\"978-0-393-05137-7\"},\"lire en ligne\":{\"wt\":\"https://books.google.com/books?id=xuYSLk_tHfgC\"},\"consulté le\":{\"wt\":\"2 août 2012\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'><span class=\"ouvrage\" id=\"Barbara_Goldsmith2005\">Barbara Goldsmith, <cite class=\"italique\" id=\"mwCCE\">Obsessive Genius<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\" id=\"mwCCI\"> </span>: The Inner World of Marie Curie</cite>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/W._W._Norton_&amp;_Company\" title=\"W. W. Norton &amp; Company\" id=\"mwCCM\">W. W. Norton &amp; Company</a>, <time id=\"mwCCQ\">2005</time>, 256<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwCCU\"> </span><abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"pages\" id=\"mwCCY\">p.</abbr> <small style=\"line-height:1em;\" id=\"mwCCc\">(<a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number\" title=\"International Standard Book Number\" id=\"mwCCg\">ISBN</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwCCk\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spécial:Ouvrages_de_référence/978-0-393-05137-7\" title=\"Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-0-393-05137-7\" id=\"mwCCo\"><span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwCCs\">978-0-393-05137-7</span></a>, <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://books.google.com/books?id=xuYSLk_tHfgC\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwCCw\">lire en ligne</a>)</small>, <abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"page\" id=\"mwCC0\">p.</abbr><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwCC4\"> </span>149<span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Obsessive+Genius&amp;rft.pub=W.+W.+Norton+%26+Company&amp;rft.stitle=The+Inner+World+of+Marie+Curie&amp;rft.aulast=Goldsmith&amp;rft.aufirst=Barbara&amp;rft.date=2005&amp;rft.pages=149&amp;rft.tpages=256&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-393-05137-7&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AMarie+Curie\" id=\"mwCC8\"></span></span></span>.</span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-54\" id=\"cite_note-54\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"54\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwCDA\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-54\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwCDE\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwCDI\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-54\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\">Voir aussi sa signature, «<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\" id=\"mwCDM\"> </span>M. Skłodowska Curie<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\" id=\"mwCDQ\"> </span>», visualisée en bas du profil.</span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-:0-55\" id=\"cite_note-:0-55\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"55\"><span rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwCDU\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-:0_55-0\" id=\"mwCDY\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwCDc\">1</span></a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-:0_55-1\" id=\"mwCDg\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwCDk\">2</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-:0-55\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><span class=\"ouvrage\" about=\"#mwt171\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwCDo\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"Lien web \",\"href\":\"./Modèle:Lien_web\"},\"params\":{\"titre\":{\"wt\":\"Comment faut-il appeler Marie Curie ?\"},\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://musee.curie.fr/blog/quel-est-le-vrai-nom-de-marie-curie\"},\"site\":{\"wt\":\"musee.curie.fr\"},\"consulté le\":{\"wt\":\"2024-04-07\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'>«<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\" id=\"mwCDs\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://musee.curie.fr/blog/quel-est-le-vrai-nom-de-marie-curie\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwCDw\"><cite style=\"font-style:normal;\" id=\"mwCD0\">Comment faut-il appeler Marie Curie<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\" id=\"mwCD4\"> </span>?</cite></a><span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\" id=\"mwCD8\"> </span>», sur <span class=\"italique\" id=\"mwCEA\">musee.curie.fr</span> <small style=\"line-height:1em;\" id=\"mwCEE\">(consulté le <time class=\"nowrap\" datetime=\"2024-04-07\" data-sort-value=\"2024-04-07\" id=\"mwCEI\">7 avril 2024</time>)</small></span></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-Perret-56\" id=\"cite_note-Perret-56\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"56\"><span rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwCEM\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-Perret_56-0\" id=\"mwCEQ\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwCEU\">1</span></a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-Perret_56-1\" id=\"mwCEY\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwCEc\">2</span></a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-Perret_56-2\" id=\"mwCEg\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwCEk\">3</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-Perret-56\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><span class=\"ouvrage\" id=\"Perret2012\" about=\"#mwt175\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"Lien web \",\"href\":\"./Modèle:Lien_web\"},\"params\":{\"auteur\":{\"wt\":\"Didier Perret\"},\"titre\":{\"wt\":\"Marie Curie est-elle morte à cause de son exposition à la radioactivité ?\"},\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://www.rts.ch/decouverte/sciences-et-environnement/maths-physique-chimie/4642156-marie-curie-est-elle-morte-a-cause-de-son-exposition-a-la-radioactivite-.html\"},\"date\":{\"wt\":\"29 décembre 2012\"},\"site\":{\"wt\":\"rts.ch\"},\"consulté le\":{\"wt\":\"10 novembre 2019\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'><span class=\"ouvrage\" id=\"Didier_Perret2012\">Didier Perret, «<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\" id=\"mwCEo\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.rts.ch/decouverte/sciences-et-environnement/maths-physique-chimie/4642156-marie-curie-est-elle-morte-a-cause-de-son-exposition-a-la-radioactivite-.html\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwCEs\"><cite style=\"font-style:normal;\" id=\"mwCEw\">Marie Curie est-elle morte à cause de son exposition à la radioactivité<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\" id=\"mwCE0\"> </span>?</cite></a><span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\" id=\"mwCE4\"> </span>», sur <span class=\"italique\" id=\"mwCE8\">rts.ch</span>, <time class=\"nowrap\" datetime=\"2012-12-29\" data-sort-value=\"2012-12-29\" id=\"mwCFA\">29 décembre 2012</time> <small style=\"line-height:1em;\" id=\"mwCFE\">(consulté le <time class=\"nowrap\" datetime=\"2019-11-10\" data-sort-value=\"2019-11-10\" id=\"mwCFI\">10 novembre 2019</time>)</small></span></span>.</span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-57\" id=\"cite_note-57\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"57\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwCFM\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-57\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwCFQ\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwCFU\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-57\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><span class=\"ouvrage\" id=\"Rey\" about=\"#mwt180\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"Ouvrage\",\"href\":\"./Modèle:Ouvrage\"},\"params\":{\"langue\":{\"wt\":\"fr\"},\"auteur1\":{\"wt\":\"Françoise Rey\"},\"titre\":{\"wt\":\"Crashs au Mont-Blanc (2e édition)\"},\"passage\":{\"wt\":\"~30-40\"},\"lieu\":{\"wt\":\"Passy\"},\"éditeur\":{\"wt\":\"Gallimard\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'><span class=\"ouvrage\" id=\"Françoise_Rey\">Françoise Rey, <cite class=\"italique\" id=\"mwCFY\">Crashs au Mont-Blanc (2e édition)</cite>, Passy, Gallimard, ~30-40<span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Crashs+au+Mont-Blanc+%282e+%C3%A9dition%29&amp;rft.place=Passy&amp;rft.pub=Gallimard&amp;rft.aulast=Rey&amp;rft.aufirst=Fran%C3%A7oise&amp;rft.pages=~30-40&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AMarie+Curie\" id=\"mwCFc\"></span></span></span></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-58\" id=\"cite_note-58\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"58\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwCFg\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-58\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwCFk\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwCFo\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-58\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"http://fr.poland.gov.pl/2011,l%E2%80%99ann%C3%A9e,Marie,Curie-Sklodowska,Ev%C3%A8nements,7074x916.html\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwCFs\">fr.poland.gov.pl - Article annonçant la proclamation de 2011 comme année Marie Curie</a>.</span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-59\" id=\"cite_note-59\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"59\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwCFw\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-59\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwCF0\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwCF4\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-59\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\">Ève Curie, <i id=\"mwCF8\">Madame Curie</i>, Folio, 1938.</span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-60\" id=\"cite_note-60\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"60\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwCGA\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-60\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwCGE\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwCGI\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-60\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><span class=\"ouvrage\" about=\"#mwt195\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwCGM\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"Lien web\",\"href\":\"./Modèle:Lien_web\"},\"params\":{\"titre\":{\"wt\":\"Il y a 20 ans … Pierre et Marie Curie entraient au Panthéon\"},\"url\":{\"wt\":\"http://curie.fr/actualites/il-y-20-ans-%E2%80%A6-pierre-marie-curie-entraient-pantheon-006100\"},\"site\":{\"wt\":\"curie.fr\"},\"consulté le\":{\"wt\":\"2015-05-29\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'>«<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\" id=\"mwCGQ\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"http://curie.fr/actualites/il-y-20-ans-%E2%80%A6-pierre-marie-curie-entraient-pantheon-006100\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwCGU\"><cite style=\"font-style:normal;\" id=\"mwCGY\">Il y a 20 ans … Pierre et Marie Curie entraient au Panthéon</cite></a><span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\" id=\"mwCGc\"> </span>», sur <span class=\"italique\" id=\"mwCGg\">curie.fr</span> <small style=\"line-height:1em;\" id=\"mwCGk\">(consulté le <time class=\"nowrap\" datetime=\"2015-05-29\" data-sort-value=\"2015-05-29\" id=\"mwCGo\">29 mai 2015</time>)</small></span>.</span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-61\" id=\"cite_note-61\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"61\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwCGs\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-61\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwCGw\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwCG0\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-61\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"http://www.franceculture.fr/emission-ce-qui-nous-arrive-demain-radio-activite-2014-10-03\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwCG4\">«<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\" id=\"mwCG8\"> </span>Radio Activité<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\" id=\"mwCHA\"> </span>»</a>, France Culture (consulté le <time class=\"nowrap\" datetime=\"2015-05-28\" data-sort-value=\"2015-05-28\" about=\"#mwt197\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwCHE\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"date\",\"href\":\"./Modèle:Date\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"28 mai 2015\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'>28 mai 2015</time>).</span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-62\" id=\"cite_note-62\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"62\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwCHI\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-62\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwCHM\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwCHQ\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-62\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\">Note<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\" id=\"mwCHU\"> </span>: <abbr class=\"abbr indicateur-langue\" title=\"Langue : anglais\" about=\"#mwt204\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwCHY\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"en\",\"href\":\"./Modèle:En\"},\"params\":{},\"i\":0}}]}'>(en)</abbr><span class=\"citation\" about=\"#mwt205\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwCHc\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"citation\",\"href\":\"./Modèle:Citation\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"Alpha and beta survey meter measurements taken in close proximity to the body showed slight alpha and beta contamination about the bone masses of the feet, hips and skull, 0.2 [[Becquerel|Bq]]/cm&lt;sup>2&lt;/sup> beta and 0.5 Bq/cm&lt;sup>2&lt;/sup> alpha. Laboratory analyses by OPRI of fragments of the wood coffin disclosed less than detectable levels of Ra&lt;sup>226&lt;/sup> and Bi&lt;sup>214&lt;/sup>\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'>«<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\" id=\"mwCHg\"> </span>Alpha and beta survey meter measurements taken in close proximity to the body showed slight alpha and beta contamination about the bone masses of the feet, hips and skull, 0.2 <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Becquerel\" title=\"Becquerel\" id=\"mwCHk\">Bq</a>/cm<sup id=\"mwCHo\">2</sup> beta and 0.5 Bq/cm<sup id=\"mwCHs\">2</sup> alpha. Laboratory analyses by OPRI of fragments of the wood coffin disclosed less than detectable levels of Ra<sup id=\"mwCHw\">226</sup> and Bi<sup id=\"mwCH0\">214</sup><span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\" id=\"mwCH4\"> </span>»</span></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-Lubeneau-63\" id=\"cite_note-Lubeneau-63\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"63\"><span rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwCH8\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-Lubeneau_63-0\" id=\"mwCIA\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwCIE\">1</span></a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-Lubeneau_63-1\" id=\"mwCII\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwCIM\">2</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-Lubeneau-63\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><span class=\"ouvrage\" id=\"LubeneauPasquier2013\" about=\"#mwt208\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"Lien web \",\"href\":\"./Modèle:Lien_web\"},\"params\":{\"auteur\":{\"wt\":\"Joel O. Lubeneau\"},\"auteur2\":{\"wt\":\"Jean-Luc Pasquier\"},\"titre\":{\"wt\":\"The Radioactive Remains of Pierre and Marie Curie\"},\"url\":{\"wt\":\"http://www.bshr.org.uk/journals/IL37.pdf\"},\"format\":{\"wt\":\"pdf\"},\"site\":{\"wt\":\"Journal of British Society for the History of Radiology\"},\"date\":{\"wt\":\"2013\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'><span class=\"ouvrage\" id=\"Joel_O._LubeneauJean-Luc_Pasquier2013\">Joel O. Lubeneau et Jean-Luc Pasquier, «<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\" id=\"mwCIQ\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"http://www.bshr.org.uk/journals/IL37.pdf\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwCIU\"><cite style=\"font-style:normal;\" id=\"mwCIY\">The Radioactive Remains of Pierre and Marie Curie</cite></a><span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\" id=\"mwCIc\"> </span>» <abbr class=\"abbr indicateur-format format-pdf\" title=\"Document au format Portable Document Format (PDF) d'Adobe\" id=\"mwCIg\"><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwCIk\">[</span>PDF<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwCIo\">]</span></abbr>, sur <span class=\"italique\" id=\"mwCIs\">Journal of British Society for the History of Radiology</span>, <time id=\"mwCIw\">2013</time></span></span></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-64\" id=\"cite_note-64\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"64\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwCI0\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-64\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwCI4\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwCI8\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-64\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\">11 <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rue_Pierre-et-Marie-Curie\" title=\"Rue Pierre-et-Marie-Curie\" id=\"mwCJA\">rue Pierre-et-Marie-Curie</a>, Paris <abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"Cinquième\" about=\"#mwt210\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwCJE\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"5e\",\"href\":\"./Modèle:5e\"},\"params\":{},\"i\":0}}]}'>5<sup id=\"mwCJI\">e</sup></abbr>.</span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-65\" id=\"cite_note-65\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"65\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwCJM\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-65\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwCJQ\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwCJU\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-65\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\">Site web<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\" id=\"mwCJY\"> </span>: <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"http://www.coi.pl\" class=\"external free\" id=\"mwCJc\">http://www.coi.pl</a><span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\" id=\"mwCJg\"> </span>; adresse<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\" id=\"mwCJk\"> </span>: ul. Roentgena 5, 02-781 Warszawa, Pologne.</span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-66\" id=\"cite_note-66\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"66\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwCJo\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-66\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwCJs\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwCJw\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-66\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><span class=\"ouvrage\" about=\"#mwt218\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwCJ0\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"Lien web \",\"href\":\"./Modèle:Lien_web\"},\"params\":{\"langue\":{\"wt\":\"fr-FR\"},\"titre\":{\"wt\":\"Centres Auguria\"},\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://groupe-auguria.fr/centres-auguria/\"},\"site\":{\"wt\":\"Groupe AUGURIA {{!}} Centres d&apos;imagerie médicale\"},\"consulté le\":{\"wt\":\"2024-04-07\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'>«<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\" id=\"mwCJ4\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://groupe-auguria.fr/centres-auguria/\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwCJ8\"><cite style=\"font-style:normal;\" id=\"mwCKA\">Centres Auguria</cite></a><span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\" id=\"mwCKE\"> </span>», sur <span class=\"italique\" id=\"mwCKI\">Groupe AUGURIA | Centres d'imagerie médicale</span> <small style=\"line-height:1em;\" id=\"mwCKM\">(consulté le <time class=\"nowrap\" datetime=\"2024-04-07\" data-sort-value=\"2024-04-07\" id=\"mwCKQ\">7 avril 2024</time>)</small></span></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-67\" id=\"cite_note-67\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"67\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwCKU\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-67\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwCKY\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwCKc\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-67\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"http://www.umcs.lublin.pl/\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwCKg\">Site de l'université Marie Curie-Skłodowska</a>.</span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-68\" id=\"cite_note-68\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"68\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwCKk\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-68\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwCKo\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwCKs\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-68\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"http://www.mariecurie.org/\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwCKw\">Site de l'association <i id=\"mwCK0\">Marie Curie Fellowship Association</i></a>.</span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-69\" id=\"cite_note-69\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"69\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwCK4\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-69\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwCK8\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwCLA\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-69\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><span class=\"ouvrage\" about=\"#mwt225\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwCLE\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"Lien web\",\"href\":\"./Modèle:Lien_web\"},\"params\":{\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://www.lemonde.fr/les-decodeurs/article/2015/04/18/de-jules-ferry-a-pierre-perret-l-etonnant-palmares-des-noms-d-ecoles-de-colleges-et-de-lycees-en-france_4613091_4355770.html#partie1\"},\"titre\":{\"wt\":\"De Jules Ferry à Pierre Perret, l&apos;étonnant palmarès des noms d&apos;écoles, de collèges et de lycées en France\"},\"date\":{\"wt\":\"18 mai 2015\"},\"site\":{\"wt\":\"[[lemonde.fr]]\"},\"consulté le\":{\"wt\":\"octobre 2017\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'>«<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\" id=\"mwCLI\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.lemonde.fr/les-decodeurs/article/2015/04/18/de-jules-ferry-a-pierre-perret-l-etonnant-palmares-des-noms-d-ecoles-de-colleges-et-de-lycees-en-france_4613091_4355770.html#partie1\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwCLM\"><cite style=\"font-style:normal;\" id=\"mwCLQ\">De Jules Ferry à Pierre Perret, l'étonnant palmarès des noms d'écoles, de collèges et de lycées en France</cite></a><span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\" id=\"mwCLU\"> </span>», sur <span class=\"italique\" id=\"mwCLY\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lemonde.fr\" title=\"Lemonde.fr\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwCLc\">lemonde.fr</a></span>, <time class=\"nowrap\" datetime=\"2015-05-18\" data-sort-value=\"2015-05-18\" id=\"mwCLg\">18 mai 2015</time> <small style=\"line-height:1em;\" id=\"mwCLk\">(consulté en <time class=\"nowrap\" datetime=\"2017-10\" data-sort-value=\"2017-10\" id=\"mwCLo\">octobre 2017</time>)</small></span>.</span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-70\" id=\"cite_note-70\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"70\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwCLs\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-70\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwCLw\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwCL0\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-70\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\">Voir le <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"http://scd.docinsa.insa-lyon.fr/bibliotheque-marie-curie\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwCL4\">site de l'INSA</a>.</span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-71\" id=\"cite_note-71\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"71\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwCL8\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-71\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwCMA\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwCME\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-71\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/École_nationale_d'administration_(France)\" title=\"École nationale d'administration (France)\" id=\"mwCMI\">École nationale d'administration</a>, <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"http://www.ena.fr/\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwCMM\">site officiel</a> annonçant le <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"http://www.ena.fr/index.php?/fr/actualites/Promotion-2011-2012-Marie-Curie\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwCMQ\">vote fait par les élèves</a>.</span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-72\" id=\"cite_note-72\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"72\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwCMU\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-72\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwCMY\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwCMc\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-72\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><span class=\"ouvrage\" about=\"#mwt233\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwCMg\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"Lien web \",\"href\":\"./Modèle:Lien_web\"},\"params\":{\"langue\":{\"wt\":\"fr\"},\"titre\":{\"wt\":\"20000 Zlotych Pologne 1989 P.152a b28_0729 Billets\"},\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://www.cgb.fr/20000-zlotych-pologne-1989-p-152a-neuf,b28_0729,a.html\"},\"site\":{\"wt\":\"cgb.fr\"},\"consulté le\":{\"wt\":\"2020-07-22\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'>«<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\" id=\"mwCMk\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.cgb.fr/20000-zlotych-pologne-1989-p-152a-neuf,b28_0729,a.html\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwCMo\"><cite style=\"font-style:normal;\" id=\"mwCMs\">20000 Zlotych Pologne 1989 P.152a b28_0729 Billets</cite></a><span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\" id=\"mwCMw\"> </span>», sur <span class=\"italique\" id=\"mwCM0\">cgb.fr</span> <small style=\"line-height:1em;\" id=\"mwCM4\">(consulté le <time class=\"nowrap\" datetime=\"2020-07-22\" data-sort-value=\"2020-07-22\" id=\"mwCM8\">22 juillet 2020</time>)</small></span>.</span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-73\" id=\"cite_note-73\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"73\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwCNA\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-73\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwCNE\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwCNI\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-73\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><span class=\"ouvrage\" about=\"#mwt240\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwCNM\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"Lien web \",\"href\":\"./Modèle:Lien_web\"},\"params\":{\"langue\":{\"wt\":\"fr-FR\"},\"titre\":{\"wt\":\"Monnaie : Simone Veil, Marie Curie et Joséphine Baker seront les nouveaux visages des pièces\"},\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://www.francetvinfo.fr/economie/monnaie-simone-veil-marie-curie-et-josephine-baker-seront-les-nouveaux-visages-des-pieces_6409897.html\"},\"site\":{\"wt\":\"Franceinfo\"},\"date\":{\"wt\":\"2024-03-07\"},\"consulté le\":{\"wt\":\"2024-03-08\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'>«<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\" id=\"mwCNQ\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.francetvinfo.fr/economie/monnaie-simone-veil-marie-curie-et-josephine-baker-seront-les-nouveaux-visages-des-pieces_6409897.html\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwCNU\"><cite style=\"font-style:normal;\" id=\"mwCNY\">Monnaie<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\" id=\"mwCNc\"> </span>: Simone Veil, Marie Curie et Joséphine Baker seront les nouveaux visages des pièces</cite></a><span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\" id=\"mwCNg\"> </span>», sur <span class=\"italique\" id=\"mwCNk\">Franceinfo</span>, <time class=\"nowrap\" datetime=\"2024-03-07\" data-sort-value=\"2024-03-07\" id=\"mwCNo\">7 mars 2024</time> <small style=\"line-height:1em;\" id=\"mwCNs\">(consulté le <time class=\"nowrap\" datetime=\"2024-03-08\" data-sort-value=\"2024-03-08\" id=\"mwCNw\">8 mars 2024</time>)</small></span></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-74\" id=\"cite_note-74\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"74\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwCN0\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-74\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwCN4\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwCN8\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-74\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><span class=\"ouvrage\" about=\"#mwt243\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwCOA\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"Lien web\",\"href\":\"./Modèle:Lien_web\"},\"params\":{\"titre\":{\"wt\":\"Pierre et Marie Curie découvrent le radium - Union internationale contre le cancer - Timbre de 1938\"},\"url\":{\"wt\":\"http://www.phil-ouest.com/Timbre.php?Nom_timbre=Pierre_Marie_Curie_402\"},\"site\":{\"wt\":\"phil-ouest.com\"},\"consulté le\":{\"wt\":\"2016-02-22\"},\"langue\":{\"wt\":\"fr\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'>«<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\" id=\"mwCOE\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"http://www.phil-ouest.com/Timbre.php?Nom_timbre=Pierre_Marie_Curie_402\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwCOI\"><cite style=\"font-style:normal;\" id=\"mwCOM\">Pierre et Marie Curie découvrent le radium - Union internationale contre le cancer - Timbre de 1938</cite></a><span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\" id=\"mwCOQ\"> </span>», sur <span class=\"italique\" id=\"mwCOU\">phil-ouest.com</span> <small style=\"line-height:1em;\" id=\"mwCOY\">(consulté le <time class=\"nowrap\" datetime=\"2016-02-22\" data-sort-value=\"2016-02-22\" id=\"mwCOc\">22 février 2016</time>)</small></span>.</span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-75\" id=\"cite_note-75\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"75\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwCOg\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-75\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwCOk\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwCOo\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-75\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.wikitimbres.fr/timbres/1129/1967-marie-curie-1867-1934\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwCOs\">Le timbre</a> sur le site <i id=\"mwCOw\">Wikitimbres.fr</i>.</span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-76\" id=\"cite_note-76\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"76\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwCO0\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-76\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwCO4\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwCO8\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-76\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.wikitimbres.fr/timbres/7863/2011-annee-internationale-de-la-chimie\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwCPA\">Le timbre</a> sur le site <i id=\"mwCPE\">Wikitimbres.fr</i>.</span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-77\" id=\"cite_note-77\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"77\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwCPI\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-77\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwCPM\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwCPQ\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-77\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><span class=\"ouvrage\" about=\"#mwt256\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwCPU\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"lien web\",\"href\":\"./Modèle:Lien_web\"},\"params\":{\"url\":{\"wt\":\"http://www.letelegramme.fr/morbihan/vannes/noms-de-rue-ou-sont-les-femmes-08-03-2017-11426708.php\"},\"site\":{\"wt\":\"letelegramme.fr\"},\"date\":{\"wt\":\"8 mars 2017\"},\"titre\":{\"wt\":\"Noms de rue. Où sont les femmes ?\"},\"consulté le\":{\"wt\":\"20 juin 2017\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'>«<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\" id=\"mwCPY\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"http://www.letelegramme.fr/morbihan/vannes/noms-de-rue-ou-sont-les-femmes-08-03-2017-11426708.php\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwCPc\"><cite style=\"font-style:normal;\" id=\"mwCPg\">Noms de rue. Où sont les femmes<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\" id=\"mwCPk\"> </span>?</cite></a><span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\" id=\"mwCPo\"> </span>», sur <span class=\"italique\" id=\"mwCPs\">letelegramme.fr</span>, <time class=\"nowrap\" datetime=\"2017-03-08\" data-sort-value=\"2017-03-08\" id=\"mwCPw\">8 mars 2017</time> <small style=\"line-height:1em;\" id=\"mwCP0\">(consulté le <time class=\"nowrap\" datetime=\"2017-06-20\" data-sort-value=\"2017-06-20\" id=\"mwCP4\">20 juin 2017</time>)</small></span>.</span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-78\" id=\"cite_note-78\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"78\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwCP8\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-78\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwCQA\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwCQE\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-78\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><span class=\"ouvrage\" id=\"Renault2022\" about=\"#mwt266\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"Lien web\",\"href\":\"./Modèle:Lien_web\"},\"params\":{\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://www.ouest-france.fr/culture/histoire/les-pionniers-de-l-ouest-victimes-des-rayons-x-165549a6-dbf3-11ec-a2d7-184436cfa888\"},\"titre\":{\"wt\":\"Les pionniers de l’Ouest victimes des rayons X\"},\"auteur\":{\"wt\":\"Olivier Renault\"},\"site\":{\"wt\":\"[[Ouest-France|ouest-france.fr]]\"},\"date\":{\"wt\":\"11 juin 2022\"},\"consulté le\":{\"wt\":\"11 juin 2022\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'><span class=\"ouvrage\" id=\"Olivier_Renault2022\">Olivier Renault, «<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\" id=\"mwCQI\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.ouest-france.fr/culture/histoire/les-pionniers-de-l-ouest-victimes-des-rayons-x-165549a6-dbf3-11ec-a2d7-184436cfa888\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwCQM\"><cite style=\"font-style:normal;\" id=\"mwCQQ\">Les pionniers de l’Ouest victimes des rayons X</cite></a><span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\" id=\"mwCQU\"> </span>», sur <span class=\"italique\" id=\"mwCQY\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ouest-France\" title=\"Ouest-France\" id=\"mwCQc\">ouest-france.fr</a></span>, <time class=\"nowrap\" datetime=\"2022-06-11\" data-sort-value=\"2022-06-11\" id=\"mwCQg\">11 juin 2022</time> <small style=\"line-height:1em;\" id=\"mwCQk\">(consulté le <time class=\"nowrap\" datetime=\"2022-06-11\" data-sort-value=\"2022-06-11\" id=\"mwCQo\">11 juin 2022</time>)</small></span></span>.</span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-79\" id=\"cite_note-79\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"79\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwCQs\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-79\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwCQw\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwCQ0\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-79\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><span class=\"ouvrage\" about=\"#mwt277\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwCQ4\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"lien web\",\"href\":\"./Modèle:Lien_web\"},\"params\":{\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://www.franceculture.fr/evenement/le-paradoxe-des-jumeaux-a-la-theatre-de-la-reine-blanche\"},\"titre\":{\"wt\":\"\\\"Le paradoxe des jumeaux\\\" au Théâtre de la Reine Blanche\"},\"site\":{\"wt\":\"franceculture.fr\"},\"date\":{\"wt\":\"16 novembre 2017\"},\"consulté le\":{\"wt\":\"24 décembre 2017\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'>«<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\" id=\"mwCQ8\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.franceculture.fr/evenement/le-paradoxe-des-jumeaux-a-la-theatre-de-la-reine-blanche\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwCRA\"><cite style=\"font-style:normal;\" id=\"mwCRE\">\"Le paradoxe des jumeaux\" au Théâtre de la Reine Blanche</cite></a><span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\" id=\"mwCRI\"> </span>», sur <span class=\"italique\" id=\"mwCRM\">franceculture.fr</span>, <time class=\"nowrap\" datetime=\"2017-11-16\" data-sort-value=\"2017-11-16\" id=\"mwCRQ\">16 novembre 2017</time> <small style=\"line-height:1em;\" id=\"mwCRU\">(consulté le <time class=\"nowrap\" datetime=\"2017-12-24\" data-sort-value=\"2017-12-24\" id=\"mwCRY\">24 décembre 2017</time>)</small></span></span></li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-80\" id=\"cite_note-80\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"80\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"mwCRc\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-80\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"mwCRg\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"mwCRk\">↑</span></a></span> <span id=\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-80\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><span class=\"ouvrage\" about=\"#mwt280\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwCRo\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"Article \",\"href\":\"./Modèle:Article\"},\"params\":{\"langue\":{\"wt\":\"fr\"},\"auteur1\":{\"wt\":\"\"},\"titre\":{\"wt\":\"Dans « Radioactive », Marjane Satrapi filme Marie Curie, entre orgueil et féminisme\"},\"périodique\":{\"wt\":\"Le Monde\"},\"date\":{\"wt\":\"2020-03-11\"},\"lire en ligne\":{\"wt\":\"https://www.lemonde.fr/culture/article/2020/03/11/dans-radioactive-marjane-satrapi-filme-marie-curie-entre-orgueil-et-feminisme_6032574_3246.html\"},\"consulté le\":{\"wt\":\"2020-03-12\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'>«<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\" id=\"mwCRs\"> </span><cite style=\"font-style:normal\" id=\"mwCRw\">Dans «<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\" id=\"mwCR0\"> </span>Radioactive<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\" id=\"mwCR4\"> </span>», Marjane Satrapi filme Marie Curie, entre orgueil et féminisme</cite><span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\" id=\"mwCR8\"> </span>», <i id=\"mwCSA\">Le Monde</i>,<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"mwCSE\">‎</span> <time class=\"nowrap\" datetime=\"2020-03-11\" data-sort-value=\"2020-03-11\" id=\"mwCSI\">11 mars 2020</time> <small style=\"line-height:1em;\" id=\"mwCSM\">(<a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.lemonde.fr/culture/article/2020/03/11/dans-radioactive-marjane-satrapi-filme-marie-curie-entre-orgueil-et-feminisme_6032574_3246.html\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwCSQ\">lire en ligne</a>, consulté le <time class=\"nowrap\" datetime=\"2020-03-12\" data-sort-value=\"2020-03-12\" id=\"mwCSU\">12 mars 2020</time>)</small><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=Dans+%C2%AB+Radioactive+%C2%BB%2C+Marjane+Satrapi+filme+Marie+Curie%2C+entre+orgueil+et+f%C3%A9minisme&amp;rft.jtitle=Le+Monde&amp;rft.date=2020-03-11&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AMarie+Curie\" id=\"mwCSY\"></span></span></span></li>\n</ol>\n</div>\n</div>\n\n</section><section data-mw-section-id=\"40\" id=\"mwCSc\" aria-labelledby=\"Voir_aussi\"><div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading2\"><h2 id=\"Voir_aussi\">Voir aussi</h2></div>\n<span class=\"mw-empty-elt\" about=\"#mwt285\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwCSg\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"Autres projets\\n\",\"href\":\"./Modèle:Autres_projets\"},\"params\":{\"commons\":{\"wt\":\"Maria Skłodowska-Curie\"},\"wikisource\":{\"wt\":\"Auteur:Marie Curie\"},\"wikiquote\":{\"wt\":\"Marie Curie\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'><style data-mw-deduplicate=\"TemplateStyles:r194021218\" typeof=\"mw:Extension/templatestyles\" about=\"#mwt286\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Autres projets/styles.css\"}}'>.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>.titre{text-align:center;margin:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>ul>li{list-style:none;margin:0.2em 0;text-indent:0;padding-left:24px;min-height:20px;text-align:left;display:block}.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>ul>li>a{font-style:italic}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .autres-projets{float:none}}</style></span><div class=\"autres-projets boite-grise boite-a-droite noprint js-interprojets\" about=\"#mwt285\">\n<p class=\"titre\">Sur les autres projets Wikimedia<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\"> </span>:</p>\n<ul class=\"noarchive plainlinks\">\n<li class=\"commons\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink\" href=\"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Maria_Sk%C5%82odowska-Curie?uselang=fr\" class=\"external text\">Marie Curie</a>, sur <span class=\"project\">Wikimedia Commons</span></li><li class=\"wikisource\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink/Interwiki\" href=\"https://fr.wikisource.org/wiki/Auteur:Marie%20Curie\" title=\"s:Auteur:Marie Curie\" class=\"extiw\">Marie Curie</a>, <span class=\"nowrap\">sur <span class=\"project\">Wikisource</span></span></li><li class=\"wikiquote\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink/Interwiki\" href=\"https://fr.wikiquote.org/wiki/Marie%20Curie\" title=\"q:Marie Curie\" class=\"extiw\">Marie Curie</a>, <span class=\"nowrap\">sur <span class=\"project\">Wikiquote</span></span></li>\n</ul>\n</div><span class=\"mw-empty-elt\" about=\"#mwt285\"><link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Catégorie:Catégorie_Commons_avec_lien_local_différent_sur_Wikidata\"/></span>\n\n<section data-mw-section-id=\"41\" id=\"mwCSk\" aria-labelledby=\"Bibliographie\"><div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading3\"><h3 id=\"Bibliographie\">Bibliographie</h3></div>\n<div style=\"column-width:30em;column-gap:1em;\" class=\"colonnes\" about=\"#mwt287\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwCSo\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"colonnes\",\"href\":\"./Modèle:Colonnes\"},\"params\":{\"taille\":{\"wt\":\"30\"},\"1\":{\"wt\":\"\\n* {{Ouvrage|langue=fr|auteur1=[[Ève Curie]]|titre=Madame Curie|lieu=Paris|éditeur=[[Éditions Gallimard]]|nature ouvrage=biographie|année=1938|oclc=1840569}}\\n* {{Ouvrage|langue=fr|prénom1=Marie|nom1=Curie|prénom2=Irène|nom2=Joliot-Curie|auteur3=[[Gilette Ziegler|Gillette G. Ziegler]]|titre=Correspondance|lieu=Paris|éditeur=[[Éditeurs français réunis]]|nature ouvrage=Biographie|année=1974|date=1974-01-01|pages totales=348|isbn=|oclc=1287874}}\\n* Marie Curie et Irène Joliot-Curie, &apos;&apos;Prace Marii Skłodowskiej-Curie&apos;&apos;\\n* Robert Reid, &apos;&apos;Marie Curie, derrière la légende&apos;&apos;, Paris, éditions du Seuil, 1979.\\n* {{Ouvrage|langue=fr|auteur1=[[Françoise Giroud]]|titre=Une femme honorable|lieu=Paris|éditeur=[[Librairie Arthème Fayard|Fayard]]|année=1981|pages totales=380|isbn=978-2-213-01006-9|isbn2=2-213-01006-4|oclc=8347899}}\\n* {{Ouvrage|langue=fr|prénom1=Susan|nom1=Quinn|traducteur=Laurent Muhleisen|titre=Marie Curie|lieu=Paris|éditeur=Editions Odile Jacob|nature ouvrage=biographie|année=1996|pages totales=483|isbn=978-2-7381-0388-8|oclc=35999323}}\\n* {{Ouvrage|langue=fr|auteur1=Xavier-Laurent Petit|titre=Marie Curie|lieu=Paris|éditeur=[[L&apos;École des loisirs]]|collection=Belles vies|nature ouvrage=biographie|année=2005|pages totales=109|isbn=978-2-211-07395-0|oclc=62745291}}\\n* {{Ouvrage|langue=fr|prénom1=Barbara|nom1=Goldsmith|auteur2=Evelyne Bouquet|responsabilité2=traducteur|auteur3=Alain Bouquet|responsabilité3=traducteur|titre=Marie Curie|sous-titre=portrait intime d&apos;une femme d&apos;exception|titre original=Obsessive genius|lieu=Paris|éditeur=[[Éditions Dunod]]|collection=Quai des sciences|nature ouvrage=biographie|année=2006|isbn=978-2-10-050007-9|oclc=79869604}}\\n* {{Ouvrage|langue=fr|prénom1=Brigitte|nom1=Labbé|auteur2=Michel Puech|illustrateur=Jean-Pierre Joblin|titre=Marie Curie|lieu=Toulouse, France|éditeur=Milan jeunesse|collection=De vie en vie|nature ouvrage=biographie|série=13|année=2004|pages totales=58|isbn=978-2-7459-1390-6|oclc=67401277}}\\n* {{Ouvrage|langue=fr|prénom1=Henry|nom1=Gidel|titre=Marie Curie|lieu=Paris|éditeur=[[Groupe Flammarion|Flammarion]]|collection=Grandes biographies|nature ouvrage=biographie|année=2008|pages totales=380|isbn=978-2-08-121159-9|oclc=429499368|bnf=41299462}}\\n* {{Ouvrage|langue=fr|prénom1=Janine|nom1=Trotereau|titre=Marie Curie|lieu=Paris|éditeur=[[Éditions Gallimard]]|collection=Folio. Biographies|numéro dans collection=81|année=2011|pages totales=358|isbn=978-2-07-039908-6|isbn2=2-070-39908-7|oclc=758878809|bnf=42456986}}\\n\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'>\n\n<ul><li><span class=\"ouvrage\" id=\"mwAA\" data-x-id=\"Curie1938\"><span class=\"ouvrage\" id=\"mwCZI\" data-x-id=\"Ève_Curie1938\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ève_Curie\" title=\"Ève Curie\">Ève Curie</a>, <cite class=\"italique\">Madame Curie</cite> (biographie), Paris, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Éditions_Gallimard\" title=\"Éditions Gallimard\">Éditions Gallimard</a>, <time>1938</time> <small style=\"line-height:1em;\">(<a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Online_Computer_Library_Center\" title=\"Online Computer Library Center\">OCLC</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span class=\"plainlinks noarchive nowrap\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://worldcat.org/fr/title/1840569\" class=\"external text\">1840569</a></span>)</small><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Madame+Curie&amp;rft.place=Paris&amp;rft.pub=%C3%89ditions+Gallimard&amp;rft.aulast=Curie&amp;rft.aufirst=%C3%88ve&amp;rft.date=1938&amp;rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1840569&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AMarie+Curie\"></span></span></span></li>\n<li><span class=\"ouvrage\" id=\"CurieJoliot-CurieZiegler1974\"><span class=\"ouvrage\" id=\"Marie_CurieIrène_Joliot-CurieGillette_G._Ziegler1974\">Marie <span class=\"nom_auteur\">Curie</span>, Irène <span class=\"nom_auteur\">Joliot-Curie</span> et <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gilette_Ziegler\" title=\"Gilette Ziegler\">Gillette G. Ziegler</a>, <cite class=\"italique\">Correspondance</cite> (Biographie), Paris, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Éditeurs_français_réunis\" title=\"Éditeurs français réunis\">Éditeurs français réunis</a>, <time>1974</time>, 348<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"pages\">p.</abbr> <small style=\"line-height:1em;\">(<a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Online_Computer_Library_Center\" title=\"Online Computer Library Center\">OCLC</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span class=\"plainlinks noarchive nowrap\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://worldcat.org/fr/title/1287874\" class=\"external text\">1287874</a></span>)</small><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Correspondance&amp;rft.place=Paris&amp;rft.pub=%C3%89diteurs+fran%C3%A7ais+r%C3%A9unis&amp;rft.aulast=Curie&amp;rft.aufirst=Marie&amp;rft.au=Joliot-Curie%2C+Ir%C3%A8ne&amp;rft.au=Gillette+G.+Ziegler&amp;rft.date=1974&amp;rft.tpages=348&amp;rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1287874&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AMarie+Curie\"></span></span></span></li>\n<li>Marie Curie et Irène Joliot-Curie, <i>Prace Marii Skłodowskiej-Curie</i></li>\n<li>Robert Reid, <i>Marie Curie, derrière la légende</i>, Paris, éditions du Seuil, 1979.</li>\n<li><span class=\"ouvrage\" id=\"Giroud1981\"><span class=\"ouvrage\" id=\"Françoise_Giroud1981\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Françoise_Giroud\" title=\"Françoise Giroud\">Françoise Giroud</a>, <cite class=\"italique\">Une femme honorable</cite>, Paris, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Librairie_Arthème_Fayard\" title=\"Librairie Arthème Fayard\">Fayard</a>, <time>1981</time>, 380<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"pages\">p.</abbr> <small style=\"line-height:1em;\">(<a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number\" title=\"International Standard Book Number\">ISBN</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spécial:Ouvrages_de_référence/978-2-213-01006-9\" title=\"Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-213-01006-9\"><span class=\"nowrap\">978-2-213-01006-9</span></a> et <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spécial:Ouvrages_de_référence/2-213-01006-4\" title=\"Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/2-213-01006-4\"><span class=\"nowrap\">2-213-01006-4</span></a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Online_Computer_Library_Center\" title=\"Online Computer Library Center\">OCLC</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span class=\"plainlinks noarchive nowrap\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://worldcat.org/fr/title/8347899\" class=\"external text\">8347899</a></span>)</small><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Une+femme+honorable&amp;rft.place=Paris&amp;rft.pub=Fayard&amp;rft.aulast=Giroud&amp;rft.aufirst=Fran%C3%A7oise&amp;rft.date=1981&amp;rft.tpages=380&amp;rft.isbn=978-2-213-01006-9&amp;rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F8347899&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AMarie+Curie\"></span></span></span></li>\n<li><span class=\"ouvrage\" id=\"Quinn1996\"><span class=\"ouvrage\" id=\"Susan_Quinn1996\">Susan <span class=\"nom_auteur\">Quinn</span> (<abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"traduction\">trad.</abbr><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>Laurent Muhleisen), <cite class=\"italique\">Marie Curie</cite> (biographie), Paris, Editions Odile Jacob, <time>1996</time>, 483<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"pages\">p.</abbr> <small style=\"line-height:1em;\">(<a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number\" title=\"International Standard Book Number\">ISBN</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spécial:Ouvrages_de_référence/978-2-7381-0388-8\" title=\"Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-7381-0388-8\"><span class=\"nowrap\">978-2-7381-0388-8</span></a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Online_Computer_Library_Center\" title=\"Online Computer Library Center\">OCLC</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span class=\"plainlinks noarchive nowrap\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://worldcat.org/fr/title/35999323\" class=\"external text\">35999323</a></span>)</small><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Marie+Curie&amp;rft.place=Paris&amp;rft.pub=Editions+Odile+Jacob&amp;rft.aulast=Quinn&amp;rft.aufirst=Susan&amp;rft.date=1996&amp;rft.tpages=483&amp;rft.isbn=978-2-7381-0388-8&amp;rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F35999323&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AMarie+Curie\"></span></span></span></li>\n<li><span class=\"ouvrage\" id=\"Petit2005\"><span class=\"ouvrage\" id=\"Xavier-Laurent_Petit2005\">Xavier-Laurent Petit, <cite class=\"italique\">Marie Curie</cite> (biographie), Paris, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/L'École_des_loisirs\" title=\"L'École des loisirs\">L'École des loisirs</a>, <abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"collection\">coll.</abbr><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>«<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\"> </span>Belles vies<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\"> </span>», <time>2005</time>, 109<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"pages\">p.</abbr> <small style=\"line-height:1em;\">(<a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number\" title=\"International Standard Book Number\">ISBN</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spécial:Ouvrages_de_référence/978-2-211-07395-0\" title=\"Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-211-07395-0\"><span class=\"nowrap\">978-2-211-07395-0</span></a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Online_Computer_Library_Center\" title=\"Online Computer Library Center\">OCLC</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span class=\"plainlinks noarchive nowrap\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://worldcat.org/fr/title/62745291\" class=\"external text\">62745291</a></span>)</small><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Marie+Curie&amp;rft.place=Paris&amp;rft.pub=L%27%C3%89cole+des+loisirs&amp;rft.aulast=Petit&amp;rft.aufirst=Xavier-Laurent&amp;rft.date=2005&amp;rft.tpages=109&amp;rft.isbn=978-2-211-07395-0&amp;rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F62745291&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AMarie+Curie\"></span></span></span></li>\n<li><span class=\"ouvrage\" id=\"GoldsmithBouquetBouquet2006\"><span class=\"ouvrage\" id=\"Barbara_GoldsmithEvelyne_BouquetAlain_Bouquet2006\">Barbara <span class=\"nom_auteur\">Goldsmith</span>, Evelyne Bouquet (traducteur) et Alain Bouquet (traducteur), <cite class=\"italique\">Marie Curie<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\"> </span>: portrait intime d'une femme d'exception</cite> [«<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\"> </span>Obsessive genius<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\"> </span>»] (biographie), Paris, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Éditions_Dunod\" title=\"Éditions Dunod\">Éditions Dunod</a>, <abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"collection\">coll.</abbr><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>«<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\"> </span>Quai des sciences<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\"> </span>», <time>2006</time> <small style=\"line-height:1em;\">(<a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number\" title=\"International Standard Book Number\">ISBN</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spécial:Ouvrages_de_référence/978-2-10-050007-9\" title=\"Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-10-050007-9\"><span class=\"nowrap\">978-2-10-050007-9</span></a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Online_Computer_Library_Center\" title=\"Online Computer Library Center\">OCLC</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span class=\"plainlinks noarchive nowrap\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://worldcat.org/fr/title/79869604\" class=\"external text\">79869604</a></span>)</small><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Marie+Curie&amp;rft.place=Paris&amp;rft.pub=%C3%89ditions+Dunod&amp;rft.stitle=portrait+intime+d%27une+femme+d%27exception&amp;rft.aulast=Goldsmith&amp;rft.aufirst=Barbara&amp;rft.au=Evelyne+Bouquet&amp;rft.au=Alain+Bouquet&amp;rft.date=2006&amp;rft.isbn=978-2-10-050007-9&amp;rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F79869604&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AMarie+Curie\"></span></span></span></li>\n<li><span class=\"ouvrage\" id=\"LabbéPuech2004\"><span class=\"ouvrage\" id=\"Brigitte_LabbéMichel_Puech2004\">Brigitte <span class=\"nom_auteur\">Labbé</span> et Michel Puech (<abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"illustrations\">ill.</abbr><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>Jean-Pierre Joblin), <cite class=\"italique\">Marie Curie</cite> (biographie), Toulouse, France, Milan jeunesse, <abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"collection\">coll.</abbr><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>«<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\"> </span>De vie en vie / 13<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\"> </span>», <time>2004</time>, 58<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"pages\">p.</abbr> <small style=\"line-height:1em;\">(<a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number\" title=\"International Standard Book Number\">ISBN</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spécial:Ouvrages_de_référence/978-2-7459-1390-6\" title=\"Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-7459-1390-6\"><span class=\"nowrap\">978-2-7459-1390-6</span></a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Online_Computer_Library_Center\" title=\"Online Computer Library Center\">OCLC</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span class=\"plainlinks noarchive nowrap\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://worldcat.org/fr/title/67401277\" class=\"external text\">67401277</a></span>)</small><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Marie+Curie&amp;rft.place=Toulouse%2C+France&amp;rft.pub=Milan+jeunesse&amp;rft.aulast=Labb%C3%A9&amp;rft.aufirst=Brigitte&amp;rft.au=Michel+Puech&amp;rft.date=2004&amp;rft.tpages=58&amp;rft.isbn=978-2-7459-1390-6&amp;rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F67401277&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AMarie+Curie\"></span></span></span></li>\n<li><span class=\"ouvrage\" id=\"Gidel2008\"><span class=\"ouvrage\" id=\"Henry_Gidel2008\">Henry <span class=\"nom_auteur\">Gidel</span>, <cite class=\"italique\">Marie Curie</cite> (biographie), Paris, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Groupe_Flammarion\" title=\"Groupe Flammarion\">Flammarion</a>, <abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"collection\">coll.</abbr><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>«<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\"> </span>Grandes biographies<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\"> </span>», <time>2008</time>, 380<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"pages\">p.</abbr> <small style=\"line-height:1em;\">(<a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number\" title=\"International Standard Book Number\">ISBN</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spécial:Ouvrages_de_référence/978-2-08-121159-9\" title=\"Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-08-121159-9\"><span class=\"nowrap\">978-2-08-121159-9</span></a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Online_Computer_Library_Center\" title=\"Online Computer Library Center\">OCLC</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span class=\"plainlinks noarchive nowrap\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://worldcat.org/fr/title/429499368\" class=\"external text\">429499368</a></span>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bibliothèque_nationale_de_France\" title=\"Bibliothèque nationale de France\">BNF</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span class=\"plainlinks noarchive nowrap\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb41299462n.public\" class=\"external text\">41299462</a></span>)</small><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Marie+Curie&amp;rft.place=Paris&amp;rft.pub=Flammarion&amp;rft.aulast=Gidel&amp;rft.aufirst=Henry&amp;rft.date=2008&amp;rft.tpages=380&amp;rft.isbn=978-2-08-121159-9&amp;rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F429499368&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AMarie+Curie\"></span></span></span></li>\n<li><span class=\"ouvrage\" id=\"mwCZM\" data-x-id=\"Trotereau2011\"><span class=\"ouvrage\" id=\"mwCZQ\" data-x-id=\"Janine_Trotereau2011\">Janine <span class=\"nom_auteur\">Trotereau</span>, <cite class=\"italique\">Marie Curie</cite>, Paris, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Éditions_Gallimard\" title=\"Éditions Gallimard\">Éditions Gallimard</a>, <abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"collection\">coll.</abbr><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>«<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\"> </span>Folio. Biographies<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\"> </span>» (<abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"numéro\">n<sup>o</sup></abbr><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>81), <time>2011</time>, 358<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"pages\">p.</abbr> <small style=\"line-height:1em;\">(<a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number\" title=\"International Standard Book Number\">ISBN</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spécial:Ouvrages_de_référence/978-2-07-039908-6\" title=\"Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-07-039908-6\"><span class=\"nowrap\">978-2-07-039908-6</span></a> et <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spécial:Ouvrages_de_référence/2-070-39908-7\" title=\"Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/2-070-39908-7\"><span class=\"nowrap\">2-070-39908-7</span></a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Online_Computer_Library_Center\" title=\"Online Computer Library Center\">OCLC</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span class=\"plainlinks noarchive nowrap\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://worldcat.org/fr/title/758878809\" class=\"external text\">758878809</a></span>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bibliothèque_nationale_de_France\" title=\"Bibliothèque nationale de France\">BNF</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><span class=\"plainlinks noarchive nowrap\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb42456986z.public\" class=\"external text\">42456986</a></span>)</small><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Marie+Curie&amp;rft.place=Paris&amp;rft.pub=%C3%89ditions+Gallimard&amp;rft.aulast=Trotereau&amp;rft.aufirst=Janine&amp;rft.date=2011&amp;rft.tpages=358&amp;rft.isbn=978-2-07-039908-6&amp;rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F758878809&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AMarie+Curie\"></span></span></span></li></ul>\n\n</div>\n\n</section><section data-mw-section-id=\"42\" id=\"mwCSs\" aria-labelledby=\"Filmographie_2\"><div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading3\"><h3 id=\"Filmographie_2\">Filmographie</h3></div>\n<ul id=\"mwCSw\"><li id=\"mwCS0\"><span class=\"ouvrage\" about=\"#mwt288\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwCS4\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"Lien vidéo\",\"href\":\"./Modèle:Lien_vidéo\"},\"params\":{\"titre\":{\"wt\":\"Duels d&apos;Histoire : Marie Curie vs Jeanne Langevin\"},\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://www.arte.tv/fr/videos/107397-002-A/duels-d-histoire/\"},\"people\":{\"wt\":\"Olivier Carpentier (écriture et réalisation), Nicolas Brénéol (écriture et montage), Noémie Orphelin (narration)\"},\"année\":{\"wt\":\"2022\"},\"medium\":{\"wt\":\"Production de télévision\"},\"consulté le\":{\"wt\":\"15 juin 2024\"},\"chaine\":{\"wt\":\"[[Arte]]\"},\"durée\":{\"wt\":\"12 min\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'> <abbr class=\"abbr indicateur-format format-vidéo\" title=\"Vidéo au format MPEG, AVI...\"><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">[</span>vidéo<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">]</span></abbr><span class=\"indicateur-format\"><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">[</span>Production de télévision<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">]</span></span> «<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.arte.tv/fr/videos/107397-002-A/duels-d-histoire/\" class=\"external text\"><cite style=\"font-style:normal;\">Duels d'Histoire<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\"> </span>: Marie Curie vs Jeanne Langevin</cite></a><span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\"> </span>», Olivier Carpentier (écriture et réalisation), Nicolas Brénéol (écriture et montage), Noémie Orphelin (narration)<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>sur <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arte\" title=\"Arte\">Arte</a>, <time>2022</time>, 12 <abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"minute\">min</abbr> <small style=\"line-height:1em;\">(consulté le <time class=\"nowrap\" datetime=\"2024-06-15\" data-sort-value=\"2024-06-15\">15 juin 2024</time>)</small></span></li></ul>\n\n</section><section data-mw-section-id=\"43\" id=\"mwCS8\" aria-labelledby=\"Émission\"><div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading3\"><h3 id=\"Émission\"><span id=\".C3.89mission\" typeof=\"mw:FallbackId\"></span>Émission</h3></div>\n<ul id=\"mwCTA\"><li id=\"mwCTE\"><small about=\"#mwt289\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwCTI\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"voir en ligne\",\"href\":\"./Modèle:Voir_en_ligne\"},\"params\":{\"format\":{\"wt\":\"audio\"},\"lien\":{\"wt\":\"https://www.radiofrance.fr/franceculture/podcasts/la-methode-scientifique/marie-curie-une-intelligence-irradiante-1077604\"},\"texte\":{\"wt\":\"Marie Curie : une intelligence irradiante\"},\"date\":{\"wt\":\"01 mars 2024\"},\"site\":{\"wt\":\"[[Radio France]] ([[France Culture]])\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">[</span><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.radiofrance.fr/franceculture/podcasts/la-methode-scientifique/marie-curie-une-intelligence-irradiante-1077604\" class=\"external text\">Marie Curie<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\"> </span>: une intelligence irradiante</a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>sur <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_France\" title=\"Radio France\">Radio France</a> (<a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/France_Culture\" title=\"France Culture\">France Culture</a>)<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><abbr class=\"abbr indicateur-format format-audio\" title=\"Fichiers audio au format mp3, ogg...\">[audio]</abbr><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>(page consultée le 01 mars 2024)<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">]</span></small>, podcast/émission <i id=\"mwCTM\">La méthode scientifique</i> (2017), France Culture, durée <span class=\"nowrap\" about=\"#mwt290\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwCTQ\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"heure\",\"href\":\"./Modèle:Heure\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"0\"},\"2\":{\"wt\":\"59\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'>0<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><abbr class=\"abbr \" title=\"heure\">h</abbr><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>59</span>.</li>\n<li id=\"mwCTU\"><span class=\"ouvrage\" about=\"#mwt291\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwCTY\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"lien web\",\"href\":\"./Modèle:Lien_web\"},\"params\":{\"format\":{\"wt\":\"audio\"},\"titre\":{\"wt\":\"Marie Curie, Prix Nobel, veuve illustre et femme amoureuse\"},\"url\":{\"wt\":\"lien=https://www.radiofrance.fr/franceinter/podcasts/autant-en-emporte-l-histoire/autant-en-emporte-l-histoire-du-dimanche-09-mars-2025-4343870\"},\"site\":{\"wt\":\"France Inter, Autant en emporte l&apos;histoire\"},\"description\":{\"wt\":\"1 épisode de 57 mn\"},\"date\":{\"wt\":\"2025-03\"},\"consulté\":{\"wt\":\"2026-01\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'>«<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"http://lien=https://www.radiofrance.fr/franceinter/podcasts/autant-en-emporte-l-histoire/autant-en-emporte-l-histoire-du-dimanche-09-mars-2025-4343870\" class=\"external text\"><cite style=\"font-style:normal;\">Marie Curie, Prix Nobel, veuve illustre et femme amoureuse</cite></a><span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\"> </span>», 1 épisode de 57 mn <abbr class=\"abbr indicateur-format format-audio\" title=\"Fichiers audio au format MP3, Ogg...\"><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">[</span>audio<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">]</span></abbr>, sur <span class=\"italique\">France Inter, Autant en emporte l'histoire</span>, <time class=\"nowrap\" datetime=\"2025-03\" data-sort-value=\"2025-03\">mars 2025</time> <small style=\"line-height:1em;\">(consulté en <time class=\"nowrap\" datetime=\"2026-01\" data-sort-value=\"2026-01\">janvier 2026</time>)</small></span></li></ul>\n\n</section><section data-mw-section-id=\"44\" id=\"mwCTc\" aria-labelledby=\"Articles_connexes\"><div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading3\"><h3 id=\"Articles_connexes\">Articles connexes</h3></div>\n<div class=\"noprint boite-grise boite-a-droite\" style=\"text-align:left;\" about=\"#mwt292\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwCTg\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"catégorie principale\",\"href\":\"./Modèle:Catégorie_principale\"},\"params\":{},\"i\":0}}]}'>\n<div style=\"float:left;\"><span typeof=\"mw:File\"><span><img resource=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fichier:Circle-icons-frames.svg\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Circle-icons-frames.svg/60px-Circle-icons-frames.svg.png?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Circle-icons-frames.svg/120px-Circle-icons-frames.svg.png?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" alt=\"\" data-file-width=\"512\" data-file-height=\"512\" data-file-type=\"drawing\" height=\"45\" width=\"45\" class=\"mw-file-element\"/></span></span></div>\n<div style=\"margin-left:60px;\">Une <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aide:Catégorie\" title=\"Aide:Catégorie\">catégorie</a> est consacrée à ce sujet<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\"> </span>: <i><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catégorie:Marie_Curie\" title=\"Catégorie:Marie Curie\">Marie Curie</a></i>.</div>\n<div style=\"clear:left;\"></div>\n</div>\n<div style=\"column-width:30em;column-gap:1em;\" class=\"colonnes\" about=\"#mwt293\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwCTk\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"colonnes\",\"href\":\"./Modèle:Colonnes\"},\"params\":{\"taille\":{\"wt\":\"30\"},\"1\":{\"wt\":\"\\n* [[Radioactivité]]\\n* [[Radium]]\\n* [[Pierre Curie]]\\n* [[Famille Curie]]\\n* [[Institut Curie]]\\n* [[Musée Curie]]\\n* [[Place des femmes dans l&apos;attribution du prix Nobel]]\\n* [[Liste des Français lauréats du prix Nobel]]\\n* [[Chronologie de la place des femmes dans les sciences en France]]\\n\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'>\n\n<ul><li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radioactivité\" title=\"Radioactivité\">Radioactivité</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radium\" title=\"Radium\">Radium</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_Curie\" title=\"Pierre Curie\">Pierre Curie</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Famille_Curie\" title=\"Famille Curie\">Famille Curie</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institut_Curie\" title=\"Institut Curie\">Institut Curie</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musée_Curie\" title=\"Musée Curie\">Musée Curie</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Place_des_femmes_dans_l'attribution_du_prix_Nobel\" title=\"Place des femmes dans l'attribution du prix Nobel\">Place des femmes dans l'attribution du prix Nobel</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liste_des_Français_lauréats_du_prix_Nobel\" title=\"Liste des Français lauréats du prix Nobel\">Liste des Français lauréats du prix Nobel</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chronologie_de_la_place_des_femmes_dans_les_sciences_en_France\" title=\"Chronologie de la place des femmes dans les sciences en France\">Chronologie de la place des femmes dans les sciences en France</a></li></ul>\n\n</div>\n\n</section><section data-mw-section-id=\"45\" id=\"mwCTo\" aria-labelledby=\"Liens_externes\"><div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading3\"><h3 id=\"Liens_externes\">Liens externes</h3></div>\n<ul id=\"mwCTs\"><li id=\"mwCTw\"><abbr class=\"abbr indicateur-langue\" title=\"Langue : anglais\" about=\"#mwt294\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwCT0\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"Site Fondation Nobel \",\"href\":\"./Modèle:Site_Fondation_Nobel\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1903/marie-curie/biographical/ \"},\"2\":{\"wt\":\"Biographie pour le prix Nobel de physique\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'>(en)</abbr><span about=\"#mwt294\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1903/marie-curie/biographical/\" about=\"#mwt294\" class=\"external text\">Biographie pour le prix Nobel de physique</a><span about=\"#mwt294\"> sur le site de la </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fondation_Nobel\" title=\"Fondation Nobel\" about=\"#mwt294\">fondation Nobel</a><span about=\"#mwt294\"> (le bandeau sur la page comprend plusieurs liens relatifs à la remise du prix, dont un document rédigé par la personne lauréate —</span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" about=\"#mwt294\"> </span><span about=\"#mwt294\">le </span><i about=\"#mwt294\">Nobel Lecture</i><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" about=\"#mwt294\"> </span><span about=\"#mwt294\">— qui détaille ses apports)</span></li>\n<li id=\"mwCT4\"><abbr class=\"abbr indicateur-langue\" title=\"Langue : anglais\" about=\"#mwt295\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwCT8\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"Site Fondation Nobel \",\"href\":\"./Modèle:Site_Fondation_Nobel\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1911/marie-curie/biographical/ \"},\"2\":{\"wt\":\"Biographie pour le prix Nobel de chimie\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'>(en)</abbr><span about=\"#mwt295\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1911/marie-curie/biographical/\" about=\"#mwt295\" class=\"external text\">Biographie pour le prix Nobel de chimie</a><span about=\"#mwt295\"> sur le site de la </span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fondation_Nobel\" title=\"Fondation Nobel\" about=\"#mwt295\">fondation Nobel</a><span about=\"#mwt295\"> (le bandeau sur la page comprend plusieurs liens relatifs à la remise du prix, dont un document rédigé par la personne lauréate —</span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" about=\"#mwt295\"> </span><span about=\"#mwt295\">le </span><i about=\"#mwt295\">Nobel Lecture</i><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" about=\"#mwt295\"> </span><span about=\"#mwt295\">— qui détaille ses apports)</span></li>\n<li id=\"mwCUA\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"http://docnum.unistra.fr/cdm/search/searchterm/curie%2C%20marie/field/creato/mode/all/conn/and/order/creato\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwCUE\">Ouvrages de Marie Curie</a> numérisés par le SCD de l'université de Strasbourg.</li>\n<li id=\"mwCUI\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"http://www.calames.abes.fr/pub/#details?id=FileId-450\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwCUM\">Archives du Musée Curie</a>.</li>\n<li id=\"mwCUQ\">Dossiers d'enseignant (conservés aux <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archives_nationales_(France)\" title=\"Archives nationales (France)\" class=\"mw-redirect\" id=\"mwCUU\">Archives nationales</a>):\n<ul id=\"mwCUY\"><li id=\"mwCUc\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.archives-nationales.culture.gouv.fr/siv/rechercheconsultation/consultation/ir/consultationIR.action?udId=c2uyzzeztoqc-tksta6ob2gwx&amp;consIr=&amp;irId=FRAN_IR_049902&amp;frontIr=&amp;auSeinIR=false\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwCUg\">Dossier de carrière F/17/22812/A</a>.</li>\n<li id=\"mwCUk\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.archives-nationales.culture.gouv.fr/siv/rechercheconsultation/consultation/pog/consultationPogN3.action?nopId=c614xe07767--x3g7ii8l3gyk&amp;pogId=FRAN_POG_04&amp;search=\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwCUo\">Dossier du rectorat AJ/16/5944</a>.</li>\n<li id=\"mwCUs\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.archives-nationales.culture.gouv.fr/siv/rechercheconsultation/consultation/pog/consultationPogN3.action?nopId=c614xe07767--x3g7ii8l3gyk&amp;pogId=FRAN_POG_04&amp;search=\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwCUw\">Dossier de la faculté des lettres</a>.</li></ul></li>\n<li id=\"mwCU0\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://sites.google.com/site/lmdsmariecurie/home\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwCU4\">Les Leçons de Marie Curie</a><span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\" id=\"mwCU8\"> </span>: site consacré aux leçons de physique-chimie, niveau élémentaire, dispensées aux enfants par Marie Curie</li>\n<li id=\"mwCVA\"><span class=\"ouvrage\" id=\"Reverdy-ThéveniaudLe_PoullennecMusée_Curie_et_Université_Paris_Sciences_et_Lettres\" about=\"#mwt296\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"Lien web \",\"href\":\"./Modèle:Lien_web\"},\"params\":{\"titre\":{\"wt\":\"Marie Curie 1867-1934\"},\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https://explore.psl.eu/fr/decouvrir/expositions-virtuelles/marie-curie-1867-1934\"},\"langue\":{\"wt\":\"fr+en\"},\"auteur\":{\"wt\":\"Xavier Reverdy-Théveniaud\"},\"site\":{\"wt\":\"explore.psl.eu\"},\"date\":{\"wt\":\"\"},\"consulté le\":{\"wt\":\"2025-10-29\"},\"auteur2\":{\"wt\":\"Annael Le Poullennec\"},\"et al.\":{\"wt\":\"oui\"},\"auteur institutionnel\":{\"wt\":\"[[Musée Curie]] et [[Université Paris Sciences et Lettres]]\"},\"sous-titre\":{\"wt\":\"Vie et œuvre scientifique de Marie Curie\"},\"description\":{\"wt\":\"Exposition virtuelle conçue comme le prolongement de l&apos;exposition itinérante  « Marie Curie 1867-1934 »\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'><span class=\"ouvrage\" id=\"Xavier_Reverdy-ThéveniaudAnnael_Le_PoullennecMusée_Curie_et_Université_Paris_Sciences_et_Lettres\"><abbr class=\"abbr indicateur-langue\" title=\"Langues : français et anglais\">(fr + en)</abbr> Xavier Reverdy-Théveniaud, Annael Le Poullennec <i><abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"et alii (et d’autres)\">et al.</abbr></i>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musée_Curie\" title=\"Musée Curie\">Musée Curie</a> et <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Université_Paris_Sciences_et_Lettres\" title=\"Université Paris Sciences et Lettres\">Université Paris Sciences et Lettres</a>, «<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\"> </span><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://explore.psl.eu/fr/decouvrir/expositions-virtuelles/marie-curie-1867-1934\" class=\"external text\"><cite style=\"font-style:normal;\" lang=\"fr\">Marie Curie 1867-1934<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\"> </span>: Vie et œuvre scientifique de Marie Curie</cite></a><span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\"> </span>», Exposition virtuelle conçue comme le prolongement de l'exposition itinérante  «<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\"> </span>Marie Curie 1867-1934<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\"> </span>», sur <span class=\"italique\">explore.psl.eu</span> <small style=\"line-height:1em;\">(consulté le <time class=\"nowrap\" datetime=\"2025-10-29\" data-sort-value=\"2025-10-29\">29 octobre 2025</time>)</small></span></span></li></ul>\n\n<dl id=\"mwCVE\"><dt id=\"mwCVI\">Notices et ressources</dt></dl>\n<p about=\"#mwt297\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" class=\"mw-empty-elt\" id=\"mwCVM\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"Liens\",\"href\":\"./Modèle:Liens\"},\"params\":{},\"i\":0}}]}'></p><ul about=\"#mwt297\">\n\n<li><span><span class=\"wd_p485\">Archives conservées par<span class=\"noprint wikidata-linkback skin-invert\"><span class=\"mw-valign-baseline noviewer\" typeof=\"mw:File\" data-mw='{\"caption\":\"Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata\"}'><a href=\"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7186?uselang=fr#P485\" title=\"Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata\"><img resource=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fichier:Blue_pencil.svg\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata\" data-file-width=\"600\" data-file-height=\"600\" data-file-type=\"drawing\" height=\"10\" width=\"10\" class=\"mw-file-element\"/></a></span></span></span><span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\"> </span>: <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bibliothèque_nationale_de_France\" title=\"Bibliothèque nationale de France\">Bibliothèque nationale de France</a> (<a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://gallica.bnf.fr/services/engine/search/sru?operation=searchRetrieve&amp;exactSearch=false&amp;collapsing=true&amp;version=1.2&amp;query=%28%28%28%28%28%28%28%28%28gallica%20all%20%22ark:/12148/btv1b9080265j%22%20or%20gallica%20all%20%22ark:/12148/btv1b90802785%22%20%29%20or%20gallica%20all%20%22ark:/12148/btv1b90802696%20%22%20%29%20or%20gallica%20all%20%22ark:/12148/btv1b9080267c%22%20%29%20or%20gallica%20all%20%22ark:/12148/btv1b9080261w%22%20%29%20or%20gallica%20all%20%22ark:/12148/btv1b9080272p%22%20%29%20or%20gallica%20all%20%22ark:/12148/btv1b90803061%22%20%29%20or%20gallica%20all%20%22ark:/12148/btv1b9080274h%22%20%29%20or%20gallica%20all%20%22ark:/12148/btv1b9080300j%22%20%29%20or%20gallica%20all%20%22ark:/12148/btv1b84515222%20%22%20%29%20&amp;suggest=10#resultat-id-5\" class=\"external text\">btv1b84515222%20%22%20%29%20&amp;suggest=10#resultat-id-5</a>)</span><link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Catégorie:Page_utilisant_P485\"/></li>\n<li><span class=\"liste-horizontale noarchive\"><span class=\"wd_identifiers\">Ressources relatives à la recherche<span class=\"noprint wikidata-linkback skin-invert\"><span class=\"mw-valign-baseline noviewer\" typeof=\"mw:File\" data-mw='{\"caption\":\"Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata\"}'><a href=\"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7186?uselang=fr#identifiers\" title=\"Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata\"><img resource=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fichier:Blue_pencil.svg\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata\" data-file-width=\"600\" data-file-height=\"600\" data-file-type=\"drawing\" height=\"10\" width=\"10\" class=\"mw-file-element\"/></a></span></span></span><span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\"> </span>: <ul><li><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.atomicheritage.org/profile/marie-curie\" class=\"external text\"><span class=\"lang-en\" lang=\"en\">Atomic Heritage Foundation</span></a><link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Catégorie:Page_utilisant_P4590\"/></li> <li><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://cths.fr/an/savant.php?id=111098\" class=\"external text\"><i>La France savante</i></a><link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Catégorie:Page_utilisant_P2383\"/></li> <li><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://genealogy.math.ndsu.nodak.edu/id.php?id=177944\" class=\"external text\"><span class=\"lang-en\" lang=\"en\">Mathematics Genealogy Project</span></a><link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Catégorie:Page_utilisant_P549\"/></li> <li><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.uri?authorId=22987484400\" class=\"external text\"><span class=\"lang-en\" lang=\"en\">Scopus</span></a><link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Catégorie:Page_utilisant_P1153\"/></li> </ul></span><link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Catégorie:Page_pointant_vers_des_bases_externes\"/><link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Catégorie:Page_pointant_vers_des_bases_relatives_à_la_recherche\"/></li>\n<li><span class=\"liste-horizontale noarchive\"><span class=\"wd_identifiers\">Ressources relatives à la musique<span class=\"noprint wikidata-linkback skin-invert\"><span class=\"mw-valign-baseline noviewer\" typeof=\"mw:File\" data-mw='{\"caption\":\"Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata\"}'><a href=\"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7186?uselang=fr#identifiers\" title=\"Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata\"><img resource=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fichier:Blue_pencil.svg\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata\" data-file-width=\"600\" data-file-height=\"600\" data-file-type=\"drawing\" height=\"10\" width=\"10\" class=\"mw-file-element\"/></a></span></span></span><span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\"> </span>: <ul><li><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://data.carnegiehall.org/names/42358/about\" class=\"external text\"><span class=\"lang-en\" lang=\"en\">Carnegie Hall</span></a><link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Catégorie:Page_utilisant_P4104\"/></li> <li><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.discogs.com/artist/2064516\" class=\"external text\"><span class=\"lang-en\" lang=\"en\">Discogs</span></a><link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Catégorie:Page_utilisant_P1953\"/></li> <li><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://musicbrainz.org/artist/73f235f9-98b7-4092-a219-85ad031bcd6d\" class=\"external text\"><span class=\"lang-en\" lang=\"en\">MusicBrainz</span></a><link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Catégorie:Page_utilisant_P434\"/></li> </ul></span><link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Catégorie:Page_pointant_vers_des_bases_externes\"/><link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Catégorie:Page_pointant_vers_des_bases_relatives_à_la_musique\"/></li>\n<li><span class=\"liste-horizontale noarchive\"><span class=\"wd_identifiers\">Ressources relatives aux beaux-arts<span class=\"noprint wikidata-linkback skin-invert\"><span class=\"mw-valign-baseline noviewer\" typeof=\"mw:File\" data-mw='{\"caption\":\"Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata\"}'><a href=\"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7186?uselang=fr#identifiers\" title=\"Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata\"><img resource=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fichier:Blue_pencil.svg\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata\" data-file-width=\"600\" data-file-height=\"600\" data-file-type=\"drawing\" height=\"10\" width=\"10\" class=\"mw-file-element\"/></a></span></span></span><span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\"> </span>: <ul><li><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/term/BIOG146156\" class=\"external text\"><span class=\"lang-en\" lang=\"en\">British Museum</span></a><link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Catégorie:Page_utilisant_P1711\"/></li> <li><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/person/mp146878\" class=\"external text\"><span class=\"lang-en\" lang=\"en\">National Portrait Gallery</span></a><link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Catégorie:Page_utilisant_P1816\"/></li> </ul></span><link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Catégorie:Page_pointant_vers_des_bases_externes\"/><link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Catégorie:Page_pointant_vers_des_bases_relatives_aux_beaux-arts\"/></li>\n<li><span class=\"liste-horizontale noarchive\"><span class=\"wd_identifiers\">Ressources relatives à l'audiovisuel<span class=\"noprint wikidata-linkback skin-invert\"><span class=\"mw-valign-baseline noviewer\" typeof=\"mw:File\" data-mw='{\"caption\":\"Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata\"}'><a href=\"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7186?uselang=fr#identifiers\" title=\"Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata\"><img resource=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fichier:Blue_pencil.svg\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata\" data-file-width=\"600\" data-file-height=\"600\" data-file-type=\"drawing\" height=\"10\" width=\"10\" class=\"mw-file-element\"/></a></span></span></span><span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\"> </span>: <ul><li><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink\" href=\"https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=345&amp;url_prefix=https://www.imdb.com/&amp;id=nm1792513\" class=\"external text\">IMDb</a><link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Catégorie:Page_utilisant_P345\"/></li> <li><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.themoviedb.org/person/1672629\" class=\"external text\"><span class=\"lang-en\" lang=\"en\">The Movie Database</span></a><link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Catégorie:Page_utilisant_P4985\"/></li> </ul></span><link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Catégorie:Page_pointant_vers_des_bases_externes\"/><link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Catégorie:Page_pointant_vers_des_bases_relatives_à_l'audiovisuel\"/></li>\n<li><span class=\"liste-horizontale noarchive\"><span class=\"wd_identifiers\">Ressource relative à la santé<span class=\"noprint wikidata-linkback skin-invert\"><span class=\"mw-valign-baseline noviewer\" typeof=\"mw:File\" data-mw='{\"caption\":\"Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata\"}'><a href=\"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7186?uselang=fr#identifiers\" title=\"Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata\"><img resource=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fichier:Blue_pencil.svg\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata\" data-file-width=\"600\" data-file-height=\"600\" data-file-type=\"drawing\" height=\"10\" width=\"10\" class=\"mw-file-element\"/></a></span></span></span><span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\"> </span>: <ul><li><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"http://www.biusante.parisdescartes.fr/histoire/biographies/index.php?cle=5089\" class=\"external text\">Bibliothèque interuniversitaire de santé</a><link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Catégorie:Page_utilisant_P5375\"/></li> </ul></span><link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Catégorie:Page_pointant_vers_des_bases_externes\"/><link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Catégorie:Page_pointant_vers_des_bases_relatives_à_la_santé\"/></li>\n<li><span class=\"liste-horizontale noarchive\"><span class=\"wd_identifiers\">Ressource relative à plusieurs domaines<span class=\"noprint wikidata-linkback skin-invert\"><span class=\"mw-valign-baseline noviewer\" typeof=\"mw:File\" data-mw='{\"caption\":\"Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata\"}'><a href=\"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7186?uselang=fr#identifiers\" title=\"Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata\"><img resource=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fichier:Blue_pencil.svg\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata\" data-file-width=\"600\" data-file-height=\"600\" data-file-type=\"drawing\" height=\"10\" width=\"10\" class=\"mw-file-element\"/></a></span></span></span><span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\"> </span>: <ul><li><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.radiofrance.fr/personnes/marie-curie\" class=\"external text\">Radio France</a><link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Catégorie:Page_utilisant_P10780\"/></li> </ul></span><link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Catégorie:Page_pointant_vers_des_bases_externes\"/><link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Catégorie:Page_pointant_vers_des_bases_relatives_à_plusieurs_domaines\"/></li>\n<li><span class=\"liste-horizontale noarchive\"><span class=\"wd_identifiers\">Ressource relative à la bande dessinée<span class=\"noprint wikidata-linkback skin-invert\"><span class=\"mw-valign-baseline noviewer\" typeof=\"mw:File\" data-mw='{\"caption\":\"Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata\"}'><a href=\"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7186?uselang=fr#identifiers\" title=\"Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata\"><img resource=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fichier:Blue_pencil.svg\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata\" data-file-width=\"600\" data-file-height=\"600\" data-file-type=\"drawing\" height=\"10\" width=\"10\" class=\"mw-file-element\"/></a></span></span></span><span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\"> </span>: <ul><li><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://comicvine.gamespot.com/wd/4005-4135/\" class=\"external text\"><span class=\"lang-en\" lang=\"en\">Comic Vine</span></a><link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Catégorie:Page_utilisant_P5905\"/></li> </ul></span><link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Catégorie:Page_pointant_vers_des_bases_externes\"/> <link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Catégorie:Page_pointant_vers_des_bases_relatives_à_la_bande_dessinée\"/></li>\n<li><div class=\"liste-horizontale\"><span class=\"wd_identifiers\">Notices dans des dictionnaires ou encyclopédies généralistes<span class=\"noprint wikidata-linkback skin-invert\"><span class=\"mw-valign-baseline noviewer\" typeof=\"mw:File\" data-mw='{\"caption\":\"Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata\"}'><a href=\"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7186?uselang=fr#identifiers\" title=\"Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata\"><img resource=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fichier:Blue_pencil.svg\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata\" data-file-width=\"600\" data-file-height=\"600\" data-file-type=\"drawing\" height=\"10\" width=\"10\" class=\"mw-file-element\"/></a></span></span></span><span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\"> </span>: <ul><li><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"http://www.academieroyale.be/fr/la-biographie-nationale-personnalites-detail/personnalites/marie-curie/Vrai/\" class=\"external text\"><i>Biographie nationale de Belgique</i></a><link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Catégorie:Page_utilisant_P6234\"/></li> <li><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.britannica.com/biography/Marie-Curie\" class=\"external text\"><i>Britannica</i></a><link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Catégorie:Page_utilisant_P1417\"/></li> <li><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://brockhaus.de/ecs/enzy/article/curie-marie-marya\" class=\"external text\"><i>Brockhaus</i></a><link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Catégorie:Page_utilisant_P5019\"/></li> <li><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"http://cbw.iath.virginia.edu/women_display.php?id=11301\" class=\"external text\"><i>Collective Biographies of Women</i></a><link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Catégorie:Page_utilisant_P4539\"/></li> <li><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://denstoredanske.lex.dk//Marie_Curie/\" class=\"external text\"><i>Den Store Danske Encyklopædi</i></a><link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Catégorie:Page_utilisant_P8313\"/></li> <li><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"http://www.deutsche-biographie.de/118523023.html\" class=\"external text\"><i>Deutsche Biographie</i></a><link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Catégorie:Page_utilisant_P7902\"/></li> <li><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.dictionnaire-creatrices.com/fiche-marie-curie\" class=\"external text\"><i>Dictionnaire universel des créatrices</i></a><link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Catégorie:Page_utilisant_P7578\"/></li> <li><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"http://www.enciclopediadelledonne.it/biografie/maria-sklodowska-curie\" class=\"external text\"><i>Enciclopedia delle donne</i></a><link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Catégorie:Page_utilisant_P6488\"/></li> <li><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/marie-curie_(Enciclopedia-Italiana)/\" class=\"external text\"><i>Enciclopedia italiana</i></a><link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Catégorie:Page_utilisant_P4223\"/></li> <li><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.enciclopedia.cat/EC-GEC-0021092.xml\" class=\"external text\"><i>Gran Enciclopèdia Catalana</i></a><link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Catégorie:Page_utilisant_P1296\"/></li> <li><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"http://www.enciklopedija.hr/Natuknica.aspx?ID=12996\" class=\"external text\"><i>Hrvatska Enciklopedija</i></a><link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Catégorie:Page_utilisant_P7982\"/></li> <li><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://encyklopedia.pwn.pl/haslo/;3975962\" class=\"external text\"><i>Internetowa encyklopedia PWN</i></a><link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Catégorie:Page_utilisant_P7305\"/></li> <li><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.ne.se/uppslagsverk/encyklopedi/lång/marie-curie\" class=\"external text\"><i>Nationalencyklopedin</i></a><link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Catégorie:Page_utilisant_P3222\"/></li> <li><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.munzinger.de/register/portrait/biographien/-/00/00000001995\" class=\"external text\">Munzinger</a><link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Catégorie:Page_utilisant_P1284\"/></li> <li><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.ipsb.nina.gov.pl/a/biografia/maria-salomea-sklodowska-curie-1867-1934-fizyczka-profesor\" class=\"external text\"><i>Polski Słownik Biograficzny</i></a><link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Catégorie:Page_utilisant_P8130\"/></li> <li><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://proleksis.lzmk.hr/16341\" class=\"external text\"><i>Proleksis enciklopedija</i></a><link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Catégorie:Page_utilisant_P8349\"/></li> <li><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://snl.no/Marie_Curie\" class=\"external text\"><i>Store norske leksikon</i></a><link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Catégorie:Page_utilisant_P4342\"/></li> <li><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"http://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/pierre-e-marie-curie\" class=\"external text\"><i>Treccani</i></a><link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Catégorie:Page_utilisant_P3365\"/></li> <li><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.vle.lt/Straipsnis/marie-curie\" class=\"external text\"><i>Visuotinė lietuvių enciklopedija</i></a><link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Catégorie:Page_utilisant_P7666\"/></li> </ul></div><link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Catégorie:Page_pointant_vers_des_bases_externes\"/><link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Catégorie:Page_pointant_vers_des_dictionnaires_ou_encyclopédies_généralistes\"/></li>\n<li><div class=\"liste-horizontale\"><span class=\"wd_identifiers\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autorité_(sciences_de_l'information)\" title=\"Autorité (sciences de l'information)\">Notices d'autorité</a><span class=\"noprint wikidata-linkback skin-invert\"><span class=\"mw-valign-baseline noviewer\" typeof=\"mw:File\" data-mw='{\"caption\":\"Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata\"}'><a href=\"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7186?uselang=fr#identifiers\" title=\"Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata\"><img resource=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fichier:Blue_pencil.svg\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata\" data-file-width=\"600\" data-file-height=\"600\" data-file-type=\"drawing\" height=\"10\" width=\"10\" class=\"mw-file-element\"/></a></span></span></span><span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\"> </span>: <ul><li><span class=\"nowrap uid noarchive\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://viaf.org/viaf/76353174\" class=\"external text\">VIAF</a></span></li> <li><span class=\"nowrap uid noarchive\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://isni.org/isni/0000000368644542\" class=\"external text\">ISNI</a></span></li> <li><span class=\"nowrap uid noarchive\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb121447141\" class=\"external text\">BnF</a></span> (<span class=\"nowrap uid noarchive\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb121447141\" class=\"external text\">données</a></span>)</li> <li><span class=\"nowrap uid noarchive\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.idref.fr/029924960\" class=\"external text\">IdRef</a></span></li> <li><span class=\"nowrap uid noarchive\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n80155913\" class=\"external text\">LCCN</a></span></li> <li><span class=\"nowrap uid noarchive\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://d-nb.info/gnd/118523023\" class=\"external text\">GND</a></span></li> <li><span class=\"nowrap uid noarchive\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://opac.sbn.it/nome/VIAV099896\" class=\"external text\">Italie</a></span></li> <li><span class=\"nowrap uid noarchive\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00437030\" class=\"external text\">Japon</a></span></li> <li><span class=\"nowrap uid noarchive\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA03311404?l=en\" class=\"external text\">CiNii</a></span></li> <li><span class=\"nowrap uid noarchive\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://datos.bne.es/resource/XX899975\" class=\"external text\">Espagne</a></span></li> <li><span class=\"nowrap uid noarchive\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://opac.kbr.be/LIBRARY/doc/AUTHORITY/14668640\" class=\"external text\">Belgique</a></span></li> <li><span class=\"nowrap uid noarchive\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p068951698\" class=\"external text\">Pays-Bas</a></span></li> <li><span class=\"nowrap uid noarchive\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810637196505606\" class=\"external text\">Pologne</a></span></li> <li><span class=\"nowrap uid noarchive\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007260035105171\" class=\"external text\">Israël</a></span></li> <li><span class=\"nowrap uid noarchive\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"http://nukat.edu.pl/aut/n%20%2094301302\" class=\"external text\">NUKAT</a></span></li> <li><span class=\"nowrap uid noarchive\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058525750106706\" class=\"external text\">Catalogne</a></span></li> <li><span class=\"nowrap uid noarchive\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://libris.kb.se/auth/182625\" class=\"external text\">Suède</a></span></li> <li><span class=\"nowrap uid noarchive\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" href=\"https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/495_241949\" class=\"external text\">Vatican</a></span></li> </ul></div><span class=\"mw-empty-elt\"><link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Catégorie:Article_de_Wikipédia_avec_notice_d'autorité\"/></span></li></ul>\n\n<div class=\"navbox-container\" style=\"clear:both;\" about=\"#mwt298\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"mwCVQ\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"Palette\",\"href\":\"./Modèle:Palette\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"Lauréats du prix Nobel de physique\"},\"2\":{\"wt\":\"Lauréats du prix Nobel de chimie\"},\"3\":{\"wt\":\"Personnalités enterrées au Panthéon de Paris\"},\"4\":{\"wt\":\"Prix Nobel français\"},\"5\":{\"wt\":\"Diaspora polonaise\"},\"6\":{\"wt\":\"72 femmes de sciences pour la tour Eiffel\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'>\n<table class=\"navbox collapsible noprint collapsed \" style=\" \">\n<tbody><tr><th class=\"navbox-title\" colspan=\"2\" style=\"\"><div style=\"float:left; width:6em; text-align:left\"><div class=\"noprint plainlinks nowrap tnavbar\" style=\"padding:0; font-size:xx-small; color:var(--color-emphasized, #000000); \"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modèle:Palette_Lauréats_du_prix_Nobel_de_physique\" title=\"Modèle:Palette Lauréats du prix Nobel de physique\"><abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"Voir ce modèle.\">v</abbr></a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>· <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mod%C3%A8le:Palette_Laur%C3%A9ats_du_prix_Nobel_de_physique&amp;action=edit\" class=\"external text\" data-mw-original-href=\"//fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mod%C3%A8le:Palette_Laur%C3%A9ats_du_prix_Nobel_de_physique&amp;action=edit\"><abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"Modifier ce modèle. Merci de prévisualiser avant de sauvegarder.\">m</abbr></a></div></div><div style=\"font-size:110%\">Lauréats du <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prix_Nobel_de_physique\" title=\"Prix Nobel de physique\">prix Nobel de physique</a></div></th>\n</tr>  <tr>\n<th class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"\">1901–1925</th>\n<td class=\"navbox-list\" style=\" \"><div class=\"liste-horizontale \">\n<ul><li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelm_Röntgen\" title=\"Wilhelm Röntgen\">Röntgen</a> (1901)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hendrik_Lorentz\" title=\"Hendrik Lorentz\">Lorentz</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pieter_Zeeman\" title=\"Pieter Zeeman\">Zeeman</a> (1902)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henri_Becquerel\" title=\"Henri Becquerel\">Becquerel</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_Curie\" title=\"Pierre Curie\">P. Curie</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Curie\" class=\"mw-selflink selflink\">M. Curie</a> (1903)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_William_Strutt_Rayleigh\" title=\"John William Strutt Rayleigh\">Rayleigh</a> (1904)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philipp_Lenard\" title=\"Philipp Lenard\">Lenard</a> (1905)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_John_Thomson\" title=\"Joseph John Thomson\">Thomson</a> (1906)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_A._Michelson\" title=\"Albert A. Michelson\">Michelson</a> (1907)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabriel_Lippmann\" title=\"Gabriel Lippmann\">Lippmann</a> (1908)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guglielmo_Marconi\" title=\"Guglielmo Marconi\">Marconi</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferdinand_Braun\" title=\"Ferdinand Braun\">Braun</a> (1909)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_Diderik_van_der_Waals\" title=\"Johannes Diderik van der Waals\">van der Waals</a> (1910)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelm_Wien\" title=\"Wilhelm Wien\">Wien</a> (1911)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustaf_Dalén\" title=\"Gustaf Dalén\">Dalén</a> (1912)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heike_Kamerlingh_Onnes\" title=\"Heike Kamerlingh Onnes\">Kamerlingh Onnes</a> (1913)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_von_Laue\" title=\"Max von Laue\">Laue</a> (1914)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Henry_Bragg\" title=\"William Henry Bragg\">W. H. Bragg</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Lawrence_Bragg\" title=\"William Lawrence Bragg\">W. L. Bragg</a> (1915)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Glover_Barkla\" title=\"Charles Glover Barkla\">Barkla</a> (1917)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Planck\" title=\"Max Planck\">Planck</a> (1918)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_Stark\" title=\"Johannes Stark\">Stark</a> (1919)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Édouard_Guillaume\" title=\"Charles Édouard Guillaume\">Guillaume</a> (1920)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Einstein\" title=\"Albert Einstein\">Einstein</a> (1921)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niels_Bohr\" title=\"Niels Bohr\">N. Bohr</a> (1922)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Andrews_Millikan\" title=\"Robert Andrews Millikan\">Millikan</a> (1923)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Manne_Georg_Siegbahn\" title=\"Karl Manne Georg Siegbahn\">M. Siegbahn</a> (1924)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Franck\" title=\"James Franck\">Franck</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustav_Hertz\" title=\"Gustav Hertz\">Hertz</a> (1925)</li></ul>\n</div></td>\n\n</tr> <tr>\n<th class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"\">1926–1950</th>\n<td class=\"navbox-list navbox-even\" style=\" \"><div class=\"liste-horizontale \">\n<ul><li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Perrin\" title=\"Jean Perrin\">Perrin</a> (1926)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_Compton\" title=\"Arthur Compton\">Compton</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Thomson_Rees_Wilson\" title=\"Charles Thomson Rees Wilson\">C. Wilson</a> (1927)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Owen_Willans_Richardson\" title=\"Owen Willans Richardson\">O. Richardson</a> (1928)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_de_Broglie\" title=\"Louis de Broglie\">De Broglie</a> (1929)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chandrashekhara_Venkata_Râman\" title=\"Chandrashekhara Venkata Râman\">Râman</a> (1930)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Werner_Heisenberg\" title=\"Werner Heisenberg\">Heisenberg</a> (1932)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erwin_Schrödinger\" title=\"Erwin Schrödinger\">Schrödinger</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Dirac\" title=\"Paul Dirac\">Dirac</a> (1933)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Chadwick\" title=\"James Chadwick\">Chadwick</a> (1935)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victor_Franz_Hess\" title=\"Victor Franz Hess\">Hess</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_David_Anderson\" title=\"Carl David Anderson\">C. D. Anderson</a> (1936)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clinton_Joseph_Davisson\" title=\"Clinton Joseph Davisson\">Davisson</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Paget_Thomson\" title=\"George Paget Thomson\">Thomson</a> (1937)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enrico_Fermi\" title=\"Enrico Fermi\">Fermi</a> (1938)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernest_Orlando_Lawrence\" title=\"Ernest Orlando Lawrence\">Lawrence</a> (1939)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otto_Stern\" title=\"Otto Stern\">Stern</a> (1943)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isidor_Isaac_Rabi\" title=\"Isidor Isaac Rabi\">Rabi</a> (1944)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfgang_Pauli\" title=\"Wolfgang Pauli\">Pauli</a> (1945)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Percy_Williams_Bridgman\" title=\"Percy Williams Bridgman\">Bridgman</a> (1946)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Appleton\" title=\"Edward Appleton\">Appleton</a> (1947)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrick_Blackett\" title=\"Patrick Blackett\">Blackett</a> (1948)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hideki_Yukawa\" title=\"Hideki Yukawa\">Yukawa</a> (1949)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cecil_Frank_Powell\" title=\"Cecil Frank Powell\">Powell</a> (1950)</li></ul>\n</div></td>\n</tr> <tr>\n<th class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"\">1951–1975</th>\n<td class=\"navbox-list\" style=\" \"><div class=\"liste-horizontale \">\n<ul><li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Cockcroft\" title=\"John Cockcroft\">Cockcroft</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernest_Walton\" title=\"Ernest Walton\">Walton</a> (1951)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Félix_Bloch\" title=\"Félix Bloch\">Bloch</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Mills_Purcell\" title=\"Edward Mills Purcell\">Purcell</a> (1952)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederik_Zernike\" title=\"Frederik Zernike\">Zernike</a> (1953)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Born\" title=\"Max Born\">Born</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walther_Bothe\" title=\"Walther Bothe\">Bothe</a> (1954)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willis_Eugene_Lamb\" title=\"Willis Eugene Lamb\">Lamb</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polykarp_Kusch\" title=\"Polykarp Kusch\">Kusch</a> (1955)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Shockley\" title=\"William Shockley\">Shockley</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Bardeen\" title=\"John Bardeen\">Bardeen</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter_Houser_Brattain\" title=\"Walter Houser Brattain\">Brattain</a> (1956)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chen_Ning_Yang\" title=\"Chen Ning Yang\">Yang</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsung-Dao_Lee\" title=\"Tsung-Dao Lee\">T. D. Lee</a> (1957)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pavel_Tcherenkov\" title=\"Pavel Tcherenkov\">Cherenkov</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilia_Frank\" title=\"Ilia Frank\">Frank</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igor_Tamm\" title=\"Igor Tamm\">Tamm</a> (1958)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emilio_Segrè\" title=\"Emilio Segrè\">Segrè</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Owen_Chamberlain\" title=\"Owen Chamberlain\">Chamberlain</a> (1959)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Arthur_Glaser\" title=\"Donald Arthur Glaser\">Glaser</a> (1960)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Hofstadter\" title=\"Robert Hofstadter\">Hofstadter</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudolf_Mössbauer\" title=\"Rudolf Mössbauer\">Mössbauer</a> (1961)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lev_Landau\" title=\"Lev Landau\">Landau</a> (1962)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eugene_Wigner\" title=\"Eugene Wigner\">Wigner</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maria_Goeppert-Mayer\" title=\"Maria Goeppert-Mayer\">Goeppert-Mayer</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans_Daniel_Jensen\" title=\"Hans Daniel Jensen\">Jensen</a> (1963)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Townes\" title=\"Charles Townes\">Townes</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikolaï_Bassov\" title=\"Nikolaï Bassov\">Bassov</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexandre_Mikhaïlovitch_Prokhorov\" title=\"Alexandre Mikhaïlovitch Prokhorov\">Prokhorov</a> (1964)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sin-Itiro_Tomonaga\" title=\"Sin-Itiro Tomonaga\">Tomonaga</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julian_Schwinger\" title=\"Julian Schwinger\">Schwinger</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Feynman\" title=\"Richard Feynman\">Feynman</a> (1965)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Kastler\" title=\"Alfred Kastler\">Kastler</a> (1966)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans_Bethe\" title=\"Hans Bethe\">Bethe</a> (1967)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luis_Walter_Alvarez\" title=\"Luis Walter Alvarez\">Alvarez</a> (1968)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murray_Gell-Mann\" title=\"Murray Gell-Mann\">Gell-Mann</a> (1969)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hannes_Alfvén\" title=\"Hannes Alfvén\">Alfvén</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Néel\" title=\"Louis Néel\">Néel</a> (1970)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dennis_Gabor\" title=\"Dennis Gabor\">Gabor</a> (1971)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Bardeen\" title=\"John Bardeen\">Bardeen</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leon_Neil_Cooper\" title=\"Leon Neil Cooper\">Cooper</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Robert_Schrieffer\" title=\"John Robert Schrieffer\">Schrieffer</a> (1972)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leo_Esaki\" title=\"Leo Esaki\">Esaki</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivar_Giaever\" title=\"Ivar Giaever\">Giaever</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brian_David_Josephson\" title=\"Brian David Josephson\">Josephson</a> (1973)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Ryle\" title=\"Martin Ryle\">Ryle</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antony_Hewish\" title=\"Antony Hewish\">Hewish</a> (1974)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aage_Bohr\" title=\"Aage Bohr\">A. Bohr</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ben_Roy_Mottelson\" title=\"Ben Roy Mottelson\">Mottelson</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Rainwater\" title=\"James Rainwater\">Rainwater</a> (1975)</li></ul>\n</div></td>\n</tr> <tr>\n<th class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"\">1976–2000</th>\n<td class=\"navbox-list navbox-even\" style=\" \"><div class=\"liste-horizontale \">\n<ul><li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burton_Richter\" title=\"Burton Richter\">Richter</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel_Ting\" title=\"Samuel Ting\">Ting</a> (1976)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip_Warren_Anderson\" title=\"Philip Warren Anderson\">P. W. Anderson</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nevill_Mott\" title=\"Nevill Mott\">Mott</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Hasbrouck_van_Vleck\" title=\"John Hasbrouck van Vleck\">Van Vleck</a> (1977)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piotr_Kapitsa\" title=\"Piotr Kapitsa\">Kapitsa</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arno_Allan_Penzias\" title=\"Arno Allan Penzias\">Penzias</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Woodrow_Wilson\" title=\"Robert Woodrow Wilson\">R. Wilson</a> (1978)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sheldon_Glashow\" title=\"Sheldon Glashow\">Glashow</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdus_Salam\" title=\"Abdus Salam\">Salam</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steven_Weinberg_(physicien)\" title=\"Steven Weinberg (physicien)\">Weinberg</a> (1979)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Watson_Cronin\" title=\"James Watson Cronin\">Cronin</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Val_Logsdon_Fitch\" title=\"Val Logsdon Fitch\">Fitch</a> (1980)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolaas_Bloembergen\" title=\"Nicolaas Bloembergen\">Bloembergen</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_Leonard_Schawlow\" title=\"Arthur Leonard Schawlow\">Schawlow</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kai_Siegbahn\" title=\"Kai Siegbahn\">K. Siegbahn</a> (1981)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenneth_Geddes_Wilson\" title=\"Kenneth Geddes Wilson\">K. Wilson</a> (1982)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subrahmanyan_Chandrasekhar\" title=\"Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar\">Chandrasekhar</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Fowler\" title=\"William Fowler\">Fowler</a> (1983)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlo_Rubbia\" title=\"Carlo Rubbia\">Rubbia</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simon_van_der_Meer\" title=\"Simon van der Meer\">van der Meer</a> (1984)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klaus_von_Klitzing\" title=\"Klaus von Klitzing\">von Klitzing</a> (1985)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernst_Ruska\" title=\"Ernst Ruska\">Ruska</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerd_Binnig\" title=\"Gerd Binnig\">Binnig</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heinrich_Rohrer\" title=\"Heinrich Rohrer\">Rohrer</a> (1986)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_Georg_Bednorz\" title=\"Johannes Georg Bednorz\">Bednorz</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Alexander_Müller\" title=\"Karl Alexander Müller\">Müller</a> (1987)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leon_Lederman\" title=\"Leon Lederman\">Lederman</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melvin_Schwartz\" title=\"Melvin Schwartz\">Schwartz</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_Steinberger\" title=\"Jack Steinberger\">Steinberger</a> (1988)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norman_Foster_Ramsey\" title=\"Norman Foster Ramsey\">Ramsey</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans_Georg_Dehmelt\" title=\"Hans Georg Dehmelt\">Dehmelt</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfgang_Paul\" title=\"Wolfgang Paul\">Paul</a> (1989)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerome_Isaac_Friedman\" title=\"Jerome Isaac Friedman\">Friedman</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Way_Kendall\" title=\"Henry Way Kendall\">Kendall</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_E._Taylor\" title=\"Richard E. Taylor\">R. Taylor</a> (1990)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre-Gilles_de_Gennes\" title=\"Pierre-Gilles de Gennes\">de Gennes</a> (1991)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georges_Charpak\" title=\"Georges Charpak\">Charpak</a> (1992)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russell_Alan_Hulse\" title=\"Russell Alan Hulse\">Hulse</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Hooton_Taylor\" title=\"Joseph Hooton Taylor\">J. Taylor</a> (1993)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bertram_Brockhouse\" title=\"Bertram Brockhouse\">Brockhouse</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clifford_Shull\" title=\"Clifford Shull\">Shull</a> (1994)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Lewis_Perl\" title=\"Martin Lewis Perl\">Perl</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Reines\" title=\"Frederick Reines\">Reines</a> (1995)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Morris_Lee\" title=\"David Morris Lee\">D. Lee</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douglas_Osheroff\" title=\"Douglas Osheroff\">Osheroff</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Coleman_Richardson\" title=\"Robert Coleman Richardson\">R. Richardson</a> (1996)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steven_Chu\" title=\"Steven Chu\">Chu</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claude_Cohen-Tannoudji\" title=\"Claude Cohen-Tannoudji\">Cohen-Tannoudji</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_D._Phillips\" title=\"William D. Phillips\">Phillips</a> (1997)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_B._Laughlin\" title=\"Robert B. Laughlin\">Laughlin</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horst_Störmer\" title=\"Horst Störmer\">Störmer</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Tsui\" title=\"Daniel Tsui\">Tsui</a> (1998)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerard_'t_Hooft\" title=\"Gerard 't Hooft\">'t Hooft</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martinus_Veltman\" title=\"Martinus Veltman\">Veltman</a> (1999)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaurès_Alferov\" title=\"Jaurès Alferov\">Alferov</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbert_Kroemer\" title=\"Herbert Kroemer\">Kroemer</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_Kilby\" title=\"Jack Kilby\">Kilby</a> (2000)</li></ul>\n</div></td>\n</tr> <tr>\n<th class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"\">2001-2025</th>\n<td class=\"navbox-list\" style=\" \"><div class=\"liste-horizontale \">\n<ul><li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric_Cornell\" title=\"Eric Cornell\">Cornell</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfgang_Ketterle\" title=\"Wolfgang Ketterle\">Ketterle</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Wieman\" title=\"Carl Wieman\">Wieman</a> (2001)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raymond_Davis_Jr.\" title=\"Raymond Davis Jr.\">Davis</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masatoshi_Koshiba\" title=\"Masatoshi Koshiba\">Koshiba</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riccardo_Giacconi\" title=\"Riccardo Giacconi\">Giacconi</a> (2002)</li>\n<li><span typeof=\"mw:File\" data-mw='{\"caption\":\"Bon article\"}'><span title=\"Bon article\"><img resource=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fichier:Bon_article.svg\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Bon_article.svg/20px-Bon_article.svg.png?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"Bon article\" data-file-width=\"20\" data-file-height=\"20\" data-file-type=\"drawing\" height=\"10\" width=\"10\" class=\"mw-file-element\"/></span></span> <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexeï_Abrikossov_(physicien)\" title=\"Alexeï Abrikossov (physicien)\">Abrikossov</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitali_Guinzbourg\" title=\"Vitali Guinzbourg\">Guinzbourg</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthony_Leggett\" title=\"Anthony Leggett\">Leggett</a> (2003)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_J._Gross\" title=\"David J. Gross\">Gross</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/H._David_Politzer\" title=\"H. David Politzer\">Politzer</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Wilczek\" title=\"Frank Wilczek\">Wilczek</a> (2004)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roy_J._Glauber\" title=\"Roy J. Glauber\">Glauber</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Lewis_Hall\" title=\"John Lewis Hall\">Hall</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theodor_W._Hänsch\" title=\"Theodor W. Hänsch\">Hänsch</a> (2005)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_C._Mather\" title=\"John C. Mather\">Mather</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Smoot\" title=\"George Smoot\">Smoot</a> (2006)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Fert\" title=\"Albert Fert\">Fert</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Grünberg\" title=\"Peter Grünberg\">Grünberg</a> (2007)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yoichiro_Nambu\" title=\"Yoichiro Nambu\">Nambu</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makoto_Kobayashi_(physicien)\" title=\"Makoto Kobayashi (physicien)\">Kobayashi</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshihide_Maskawa\" title=\"Toshihide Maskawa\">Maskawa</a> (2008)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Kao\" title=\"Charles Kao\">Kao</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willard_Boyle\" title=\"Willard Boyle\">Boyle</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_E._Smith\" title=\"George E. Smith\">Smith</a> (2009)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andre_Geim\" title=\"Andre Geim\">Geim</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konstantin_Novoselov\" title=\"Konstantin Novoselov\">Novoselov</a> (2010)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saul_Perlmutter\" title=\"Saul Perlmutter\">Perlmutter</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brian_P._Schmidt\" title=\"Brian P. Schmidt\">Schmidt</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_Riess\" title=\"Adam Riess\">Riess</a> (2011)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serge_Haroche\" title=\"Serge Haroche\">Haroche</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Wineland\" title=\"David Wineland\">Wineland</a> (2012)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/François_Englert\" title=\"François Englert\">Englert</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Higgs\" title=\"Peter Higgs\">Higgs</a> (2013)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isamu_Akasaki\" title=\"Isamu Akasaki\">Akasaki</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiroshi_Amano\" title=\"Hiroshi Amano\">Amano</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shuji_Nakamura\" title=\"Shuji Nakamura\">Nakamura</a> (2014)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Takaaki_Kajita\" title=\"Takaaki Kajita\">Kajita</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_B._McDonald\" title=\"Arthur B. McDonald\">McDonald</a> (2015)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_M._Kosterlitz\" title=\"John M. Kosterlitz\">Kosterlitz</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duncan_Haldane\" title=\"Duncan Haldane\">Haldane</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_J._Thouless\" title=\"David J. Thouless\">Thouless</a> (2016)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rainer_Weiss\" title=\"Rainer Weiss\">Weiss</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barry_C._Barish\" title=\"Barry C. Barish\">Barish</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kip_Thorne\" title=\"Kip Thorne\">Thorne</a> (2017)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_Ashkin\" title=\"Arthur Ashkin\">Ashkin</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gérard_Mourou\" title=\"Gérard Mourou\">Mourou</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donna_Strickland\" title=\"Donna Strickland\">Strickland</a> (2018)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Peebles\" title=\"James Peebles\">Peebles</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michel_Mayor\" title=\"Michel Mayor\">Mayor</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Didier_Queloz\" title=\"Didier Queloz\">Queloz</a> (2019)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reinhard_Genzel\" title=\"Reinhard Genzel\">Genzel</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrea_M._Ghez\" title=\"Andrea M. Ghez\">Ghez</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_Penrose\" title=\"Roger Penrose\">Penrose</a> (2020)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giorgio_Parisi\" title=\"Giorgio Parisi\">Parisi</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klaus_Hasselmann\" title=\"Klaus Hasselmann\">Hasselmann</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syukuro_Manabe\" title=\"Syukuro Manabe\">Manabe</a> (2021)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alain_Aspect\" title=\"Alain Aspect\">Aspect</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Clauser\" title=\"John Clauser\">Clauser</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anton_Zeilinger\" title=\"Anton Zeilinger\">Zeilinger</a> (2022)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_Agostini\" title=\"Pierre Agostini\">Agostini</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferenc_Krausz\" title=\"Ferenc Krausz\">Krausz</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anne_L'Huillier\" title=\"Anne L'Huillier\">L'Huillier</a> (2023)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Joseph_Hopfield\" title=\"John Joseph Hopfield\">Hopfield</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geoffrey_Hinton\" title=\"Geoffrey Hinton\">Hinton</a> (2024)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Clarke\" title=\"John Clarke\">Clarke</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michel_Devoret\" title=\"Michel Devoret\">Devoret</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_M._Martinis\" title=\"John M. Martinis\">Martinis</a> (2025)</li></ul>\n</div></td>\n</tr>                          <tr>\n<td class=\"navbox-banner\" style=\"\" colspan=\"2\"><div class=\"liste-horizontale \">\n<ul><li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prix_Nobel\" title=\"Prix Nobel\">Prix Nobel</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prix_Nobel_de_chimie\" title=\"Prix Nobel de chimie\">Chimie</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prix_Nobel_de_littérature\" title=\"Prix Nobel de littérature\">Littérature</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prix_Nobel_de_la_paix\" title=\"Prix Nobel de la paix\">Paix</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prix_de_la_Banque_de_Suède_en_sciences_économiques_en_mémoire_d'Alfred_Nobel\" title=\"Prix de la Banque de Suède en sciences économiques en mémoire d'Alfred Nobel\">Économie</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prix_Nobel_de_physique\" title=\"Prix Nobel de physique\">Physique</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prix_Nobel_de_physiologie_ou_médecine\" title=\"Prix Nobel de physiologie ou médecine\">Physiologie ou médecine</a></li></ul>\n</div></td></tr></tbody></table>\n<table class=\"navbox collapsible noprint collapsed \" style=\" \">\n<tbody><tr><th class=\"navbox-title\" colspan=\"2\" style=\"\"><div style=\"float:left; width:6em; text-align:left\"><div class=\"noprint plainlinks nowrap tnavbar\" style=\"padding:0; font-size:xx-small; color:var(--color-emphasized, #000000); \"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modèle:Palette_Lauréats_du_prix_Nobel_de_chimie\" title=\"Modèle:Palette Lauréats du prix Nobel de chimie\"><abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"Voir ce modèle.\">v</abbr></a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>· <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mod%C3%A8le:Palette_Laur%C3%A9ats_du_prix_Nobel_de_chimie&amp;action=edit\" class=\"external text\" data-mw-original-href=\"//fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mod%C3%A8le:Palette_Laur%C3%A9ats_du_prix_Nobel_de_chimie&amp;action=edit\"><abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"Modifier ce modèle. Merci de prévisualiser avant de sauvegarder.\">m</abbr></a></div></div><div style=\"font-size:110%\">Lauréats du <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prix_Nobel_de_chimie\" title=\"Prix Nobel de chimie\">prix Nobel de chimie</a></div></th>\n</tr>  <tr>\n<th class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"\">1901-1925</th>\n<td class=\"navbox-list\" style=\" \"><div class=\"liste-horizontale \">\n<ul><li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacobus_Henricus_van_'t_Hoff\" title=\"Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff\">van 't Hoff</a> (1901)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emil_Fischer\" title=\"Emil Fischer\">E. Fischer</a> (1902)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svante_August_Arrhenius\" title=\"Svante August Arrhenius\">Arrhenius</a> (1903)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Ramsay\" title=\"William Ramsay\">Ramsay</a> (1904)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adolf_von_Baeyer\" title=\"Adolf von Baeyer\">von Baeyer</a> (1905)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henri_Moissan\" title=\"Henri Moissan\">Moissan</a> (1906)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eduard_Buchner\" title=\"Eduard Buchner\">Buchner</a> (1907)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernest_Rutherford\" title=\"Ernest Rutherford\">Rutherford</a> (1908)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelm_Ostwald\" title=\"Wilhelm Ostwald\">Ostwald</a> (1909)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otto_Wallach\" title=\"Otto Wallach\">Wallach</a> (1910)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Curie\" class=\"mw-selflink selflink\">Curie</a> (1911)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victor_Grignard\" title=\"Victor Grignard\">Grignard</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Sabatier_(chimiste)\" title=\"Paul Sabatier (chimiste)\">Sabatier</a> (1912)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Werner\" title=\"Alfred Werner\">Werner</a> (1913)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theodore_William_Richards\" title=\"Theodore William Richards\">Richards</a> (1914)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Willstätter\" title=\"Richard Willstätter\">Willstätter</a> (1915)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fritz_Haber\" title=\"Fritz Haber\">Haber</a> (1918)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walther_Nernst\" title=\"Walther Nernst\">Nernst</a> (1920)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Soddy\" title=\"Frederick Soddy\">Soddy</a> (1921)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_William_Aston\" title=\"Francis William Aston\">Aston</a> (1922)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fritz_Pregl\" title=\"Fritz Pregl\">Pregl</a> (1923)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Adolf_Zsigmondy\" title=\"Richard Adolf Zsigmondy\">Zsigmondy</a> (1925)</li></ul>\n</div></td>\n\n</tr> <tr>\n<th class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"\">1926-1950</th>\n<td class=\"navbox-list navbox-even\" style=\" \"><div class=\"liste-horizontale \">\n<ul><li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theodor_Svedberg\" title=\"Theodor Svedberg\">Svedberg</a> (1926)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heinrich_Otto_Wieland\" title=\"Heinrich Otto Wieland\">Wieland</a> (1927)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adolf_Windaus\" title=\"Adolf Windaus\">Windaus</a> (1928)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_Harden\" title=\"Arthur Harden\">Harden</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans_von_Euler-Chelpin\" title=\"Hans von Euler-Chelpin\">von Euler-Chelpin</a> (1929)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans_Fischer\" title=\"Hans Fischer\">H. Fischer</a> (1930)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Bosch\" title=\"Carl Bosch\">Bosch</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friedrich_Bergius\" title=\"Friedrich Bergius\">Bergius</a> (1931)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irving_Langmuir\" title=\"Irving Langmuir\">Langmuir</a> (1932)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harold_Clayton_Urey\" title=\"Harold Clayton Urey\">Urey</a> (1934)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frédéric_Joliot-Curie\" title=\"Frédéric Joliot-Curie\">F. Joliot-Curie</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irène_Joliot-Curie\" title=\"Irène Joliot-Curie\">I. Joliot-Curie</a> (1935)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Debye\" title=\"Peter Debye\">Debye</a> (1936)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter_Norman_Haworth\" title=\"Walter Norman Haworth\">Haworth</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Karrer\" title=\"Paul Karrer\">Karrer</a> (1937)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Kuhn\" title=\"Richard Kuhn\">Kuhn</a> (1938)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adolf_Butenandt\" title=\"Adolf Butenandt\">Butenandt</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lavoslav_Ružička\" title=\"Lavoslav Ružička\">Ružička</a> (1939)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_de_Hevesy\" title=\"George de Hevesy\">de Hevesy</a> (1943)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otto_Hahn\" title=\"Otto Hahn\">Hahn</a> (1944)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artturi_Ilmari_Virtanen\" title=\"Artturi Ilmari Virtanen\">Virtanen</a> (1945)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Batcheller_Sumner\" title=\"James Batcheller Sumner\">Sumner</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Howard_Northrop\" title=\"John Howard Northrop\">Northrop</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wendell_Meredith_Stanley\" title=\"Wendell Meredith Stanley\">Stanley</a> (1946)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Robinson\" title=\"Robert Robinson\">Robinson</a> (1947)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arne_Tiselius\" title=\"Arne Tiselius\">Tiselius</a> (1948)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Francis_Giauque\" title=\"William Francis Giauque\">Giauque</a> (1949)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otto_Diels\" title=\"Otto Diels\">Diels</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurt_Alder\" title=\"Kurt Alder\">Alder</a> (1950)</li></ul>\n</div></td>\n</tr> <tr>\n<th class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"\">1951-1975</th>\n<td class=\"navbox-list\" style=\" \"><div class=\"liste-horizontale \">\n<ul><li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edwin_McMillan\" title=\"Edwin McMillan\">McMillan</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glenn_Theodore_Seaborg\" title=\"Glenn Theodore Seaborg\">Seaborg</a> (1951)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archer_John_Porter_Martin\" title=\"Archer John Porter Martin\">Martin</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Laurence_Millington_Synge\" title=\"Richard Laurence Millington Synge\">Synge</a> (1952)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermann_Staudinger\" title=\"Hermann Staudinger\">Staudinger</a> (1953)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linus_Pauling\" title=\"Linus Pauling\">Pauling</a> (1954)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vincent_du_Vigneaud\" title=\"Vincent du Vigneaud\">du Vigneaud</a> (1955)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyril_Norman_Hinshelwood\" title=\"Cyril Norman Hinshelwood\">Hinshelwood</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikolaï_Semionov\" title=\"Nikolaï Semionov\">Semionov</a> (1956)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Robert_Todd\" title=\"Alexander Robert Todd\">Todd</a> (1957)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Sanger\" title=\"Frederick Sanger\">Sanger</a> (1958)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaroslav_Heyrovský\" title=\"Jaroslav Heyrovský\">Heyrovský</a> (1959)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willard_Frank_Libby\" title=\"Willard Frank Libby\">Libby</a> (1960)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melvin_Calvin\" title=\"Melvin Calvin\">Calvin</a> (1961)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Ferdinand_Perutz\" title=\"Max Ferdinand Perutz\">Perutz</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Kendrew\" title=\"John Kendrew\">Kendrew</a> (1962)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Ziegler\" title=\"Karl Ziegler\">Ziegler</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giulio_Natta\" title=\"Giulio Natta\">Natta</a> (1963)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dorothy_Crowfoot_Hodgkin\" title=\"Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin\">Hodgkin</a> (1964)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Burns_Woodward\" title=\"Robert Burns Woodward\">Woodward</a> (1965)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Mulliken\" title=\"Robert Mulliken\">Mulliken</a> (1966)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manfred_Eigen\" title=\"Manfred Eigen\">Eigen</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ronald_George_Wreyford_Norrish\" title=\"Ronald George Wreyford Norrish\">Norrish</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Porter\" title=\"George Porter\">Porter</a> (1967)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lars_Onsager\" title=\"Lars Onsager\">Onsager</a> (1968)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Derek_Barton\" title=\"Derek Barton\">Barton</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odd_Hassel\" title=\"Odd Hassel\">Hassel</a> (1969)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luis_Federico_Leloir\" title=\"Luis Federico Leloir\">Leloir</a> (1970)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerhard_Herzberg\" title=\"Gerhard Herzberg\">Herzberg</a> (1971)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_Boehmer_Anfinsen\" title=\"Christian Boehmer Anfinsen\">Anfinsen</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanford_Moore\" title=\"Stanford Moore\">Moore</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Howard_Stein\" title=\"William Howard Stein\">Stein</a> (1972)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernst_Otto_Fischer\" title=\"Ernst Otto Fischer\">E. O. Fischer</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geoffrey_Wilkinson\" title=\"Geoffrey Wilkinson\">Wilkinson</a> (1973)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_J._Flory\" title=\"Paul J. Flory\">Flory</a> (1974)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Warcup_Cornforth\" title=\"John Warcup Cornforth\" class=\"mw-redirect\">Cornforth</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Prelog\" title=\"Vladimir Prelog\">Prelog</a> (1975)</li></ul>\n</div></td>\n</tr> <tr>\n<th class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"\">1976-2000</th>\n<td class=\"navbox-list navbox-even\" style=\" \"><div class=\"liste-horizontale \">\n<ul><li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Lipscomb\" title=\"William Lipscomb\">Lipscomb</a> (1976)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilya_Prigogine\" title=\"Ilya Prigogine\">Prigogine</a> (1977)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Mitchell\" title=\"Peter Mitchell\">Mitchell</a> (1978)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbert_C._Brown\" title=\"Herbert C. Brown\">Brown</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georg_Wittig\" title=\"Georg Wittig\">Wittig</a> (1979)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Berg\" title=\"Paul Berg\">Berg</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter_Gilbert\" title=\"Walter Gilbert\">Gilbert</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Sanger\" title=\"Frederick Sanger\">Sanger</a> (1980)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ken'ichi_Fukui\" title=\"Ken'ichi Fukui\">Fukui</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roald_Hoffmann\" title=\"Roald Hoffmann\">Hoffmann</a> (1981)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aaron_Klug\" title=\"Aaron Klug\">Klug</a> (1982)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Taube\" title=\"Henry Taube\">Taube</a> (1983)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Bruce_Merrifield\" title=\"Robert Bruce Merrifield\">Merrifield</a> (1984)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbert_Aaron_Hauptman\" title=\"Herbert Aaron Hauptman\">Hauptman</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerome_Karle\" title=\"Jerome Karle\">Karle</a> (1985)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dudley_Robert_Herschbach\" title=\"Dudley Robert Herschbach\">Herschbach</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yuan_Tseh_Lee\" title=\"Yuan Tseh Lee\">Lee</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Polanyi\" title=\"John Polanyi\">Polanyi</a> (1986)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_J._Cram\" title=\"Donald J. Cram\">Cram</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Marie_Lehn\" title=\"Jean-Marie Lehn\">Lehn</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Pedersen\" title=\"Charles Pedersen\">Pedersen</a> (1987)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johann_Deisenhofer\" title=\"Johann Deisenhofer\">Deisenhofer</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Huber\" title=\"Robert Huber\">Huber</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hartmut_Michel\" title=\"Hartmut Michel\">Michel</a> (1988)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sidney_Altman\" title=\"Sidney Altman\">Altman</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Robert_Cech\" title=\"Thomas Robert Cech\">Cech</a> (1989)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elias_James_Corey\" title=\"Elias James Corey\">Corey</a> (1990)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_R._Ernst\" title=\"Richard R. Ernst\">Ernst</a> (1991)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudolph_Marcus\" title=\"Rudolph Marcus\">Marcus</a> (1992)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kary_Mullis\" title=\"Kary Mullis\">Mullis</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Smith\" title=\"Michael Smith\">Smith</a> (1993)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_A._Olah\" title=\"George A. Olah\">Olah</a> (1994)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Josef_Crutzen\" title=\"Paul Josef Crutzen\">Crutzen</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mario_J._Molina\" title=\"Mario J. Molina\">Molina</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Sherwood_Rowland\" title=\"Frank Sherwood Rowland\">Rowland</a> (1995)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Curl\" title=\"Robert Curl\">Curl</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harold_Kroto\" title=\"Harold Kroto\">Kroto</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Smalley\" title=\"Richard Smalley\">Smalley</a> (1996)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_D._Boyer\" title=\"Paul D. Boyer\">Boyer</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Ernest_Walker\" title=\"John Ernest Walker\">Walker</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jens_Christian_Skou\" title=\"Jens Christian Skou\">Skou</a> (1997)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter_Kohn\" title=\"Walter Kohn\">Kohn</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Pople\" title=\"John Pople\">Pople</a> (1998)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmed_Zewail\" title=\"Ahmed Zewail\">Zewail</a> (1999)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Heeger\" title=\"Alan Heeger\">Heeger</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_MacDiarmid\" title=\"Alan MacDiarmid\">MacDiarmid</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hideki_Shirakawa\" title=\"Hideki Shirakawa\">Shirakawa</a> (2000)</li></ul>\n</div></td>\n</tr> <tr>\n<th class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"\">2001-2025</th>\n<td class=\"navbox-list\" style=\" \"><div class=\"liste-horizontale \">\n<ul><li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Standish_Knowles\" title=\"William Standish Knowles\">Knowles</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ryōji_Noyori\" title=\"Ryōji Noyori\">Noyori</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/K._Barry_Sharpless\" title=\"K. Barry Sharpless\">Sharpless</a> (2001)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_B._Fenn\" title=\"John B. Fenn\">Fenn</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kōichi_Tanaka\" title=\"Kōichi Tanaka\">Tanaka</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurt_Wüthrich\" title=\"Kurt Wüthrich\">Wüthrich</a> (2002)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Agre\" title=\"Peter Agre\">Agre</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roderick_MacKinnon\" title=\"Roderick MacKinnon\">MacKinnon</a> (2003)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aaron_Ciechanover\" title=\"Aaron Ciechanover\">Ciechanover</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avram_Hershko\" title=\"Avram Hershko\">Hershko</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irwin_Rose\" title=\"Irwin Rose\">Rose</a> (2004)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yves_Chauvin\" title=\"Yves Chauvin\">Chauvin</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Grubbs\" title=\"Robert Grubbs\">Grubbs</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_R._Schrock\" title=\"Richard R. Schrock\">Schrock</a> (2005)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_Kornberg\" title=\"Roger Kornberg\">Kornberg</a> (2006)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerhard_Ertl\" title=\"Gerhard Ertl\">Ertl</a> (2007)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osamu_Shimomura\" title=\"Osamu Shimomura\">Shimomura</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Chalfie\" title=\"Martin Chalfie\">Chalfie</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_Tsien\" title=\"Roger Tsien\">Tsien</a> (2008)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venkatraman_Ramakrishnan\" title=\"Venkatraman Ramakrishnan\">Ramakrishnan</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Steitz\" title=\"Thomas Steitz\">Steitz</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Yonath\" title=\"Ada Yonath\">Yonath</a> (2009)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Heck\" title=\"Richard Heck\">Heck</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ei-ichi_Negishi\" title=\"Ei-ichi Negishi\">Negishi</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akira_Suzuki\" title=\"Akira Suzuki\">Suzuki</a> (2010)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dan_Shechtman\" title=\"Dan Shechtman\">Dan Shechtman</a> (2011)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brian_Kobilka\" title=\"Brian Kobilka\">Kobilka</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Lefkowitz\" title=\"Robert Lefkowitz\">Lefkowitz</a> (2012)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Karplus\" title=\"Martin Karplus\">Karplus</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Levitt\" title=\"Michael Levitt\">Levitt</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arieh_Warshel\" title=\"Arieh Warshel\">Warshel</a> (2013)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric_Betzig\" title=\"Eric Betzig\">Betzig</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stefan_Hell\" title=\"Stefan Hell\">Hell</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Moerner\" title=\"William Moerner\">Moerner</a> (2014)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tomas_Lindahl\" title=\"Tomas Lindahl\">Lindahl</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_L._Modrich\" title=\"Paul L. Modrich\">Modrich</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aziz_Sancar\" title=\"Aziz Sancar\">Sancar</a> (2015)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Pierre_Sauvage_(chimiste)\" title=\"Jean-Pierre Sauvage (chimiste)\">Sauvage</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fraser_Stoddart\" title=\"Fraser Stoddart\">Stoddart</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ben_Feringa\" title=\"Ben Feringa\">Feringa</a> (2016)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_Dubochet\" title=\"Jacques Dubochet\">Dubochet</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joachim_Frank\" title=\"Joachim Frank\">Frank</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Henderson\" title=\"Richard Henderson\">Henderson</a> (2017)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frances_Arnold\" title=\"Frances Arnold\">Arnold</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Smith_(chimiste)\" title=\"George Smith (chimiste)\">Smith</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregory_Winter\" title=\"Gregory Winter\">Winter</a> (2018)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_B._Goodenough\" title=\"John B. Goodenough\">Goodenough</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanley_Whittingham\" title=\"Stanley Whittingham\">Whittingham</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akira_Yoshino\" title=\"Akira Yoshino\">Yoshino</a> (2019)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emmanuelle_Charpentier\" title=\"Emmanuelle Charpentier\">Charpentier</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jennifer_Doudna\" title=\"Jennifer Doudna\">Doudna</a> (2020)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_MacMillan_(chimiste)\" title=\"David MacMillan (chimiste)\">MacMillan</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_List\" title=\"Benjamin List\">List</a> (2021)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carolyn_R._Bertozzi\" title=\"Carolyn R. Bertozzi\">Bertozzi</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morten_Meldal\" title=\"Morten Meldal\">Meldal</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/K._Barry_Sharpless\" title=\"K. Barry Sharpless\">Sharpless</a> (2022)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moungi_G._Bawendi\" title=\"Moungi G. Bawendi\">Bawendi</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_E._Brus\" title=\"Louis E. Brus\">Brus</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexeï_Iekimov\" title=\"Alexeï Iekimov\">Iekimov</a> (2023)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Baker_(scientifique)\" title=\"David Baker (scientifique)\">Baker</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demis_Hassabis\" title=\"Demis Hassabis\">Hassabis</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Michael_Jumper\" title=\"John Michael Jumper\">Jumper</a> (2024)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susumu_Kitagawa\" title=\"Susumu Kitagawa\">Kitagawa</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Robson\" title=\"Richard Robson\">Robson</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omar_M._Yaghi\" title=\"Omar M. Yaghi\">Yaghi</a> (2025)</li></ul>\n</div></td>\n</tr>                          <tr>\n<td class=\"navbox-banner\" style=\"\" colspan=\"2\"><div class=\"liste-horizontale \">\n<ul><li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prix_Nobel\" title=\"Prix Nobel\">Prix Nobel</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prix_Nobel_de_chimie\" title=\"Prix Nobel de chimie\">Chimie</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prix_de_la_Banque_de_Suède_en_sciences_économiques_en_mémoire_d'Alfred_Nobel\" title=\"Prix de la Banque de Suède en sciences économiques en mémoire d'Alfred Nobel\">Économie</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prix_Nobel_de_littérature\" title=\"Prix Nobel de littérature\">Littérature</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prix_Nobel_de_la_paix\" title=\"Prix Nobel de la paix\">Paix</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prix_Nobel_de_physiologie_ou_médecine\" title=\"Prix Nobel de physiologie ou médecine\">Physiologie ou médecine</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prix_Nobel_de_physique\" title=\"Prix Nobel de physique\">Physique</a></li></ul>\n</div></td></tr></tbody></table>\n<table class=\"navbox collapsible noprint collapsed \" style=\" \">\n<tbody><tr><th class=\"navbox-title\" colspan=\"2\" style=\"\"><div style=\"float:left; width:6em; text-align:left\"><div class=\"noprint plainlinks nowrap tnavbar\" style=\"padding:0; font-size:xx-small; color:var(--color-emphasized, #000000); \"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modèle:Palette_Personnalités_enterrées_au_Panthéon_de_Paris\" title=\"Modèle:Palette Personnalités enterrées au Panthéon de Paris\"><abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"Voir ce modèle.\">v</abbr></a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>· <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mod%C3%A8le:Palette_Personnalit%C3%A9s_enterr%C3%A9es_au_Panth%C3%A9on_de_Paris&amp;action=edit\" class=\"external text\" data-mw-original-href=\"//fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mod%C3%A8le:Palette_Personnalit%C3%A9s_enterr%C3%A9es_au_Panth%C3%A9on_de_Paris&amp;action=edit\"><abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"Modifier ce modèle. Merci de prévisualiser avant de sauvegarder.\">m</abbr></a></div></div><div style=\"font-size:110%\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liste_des_personnes_transférées_au_Panthéon_de_Paris\" title=\"Liste des personnes transférées au Panthéon de Paris\">Personnes transférées</a> au <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panthéon_(Paris)\" title=\"Panthéon (Paris)\">Panthéon de Paris</a></div></th>\n</tr>  <tr>\n<th class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Révolution_française\" title=\"Révolution française\">Révolution</a></th>\n<td class=\"navbox-list\" style=\" \"><div class=\"liste-horizontale \">\n<ul><li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honoré-Gabriel_Riqueti_de_Mirabeau\" title=\"Honoré-Gabriel Riqueti de Mirabeau\">Honoré-Gabriel Riqueti de Mirabeau</a> (1791)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltaire\" title=\"Voltaire\">Voltaire</a> (1791)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis-Michel_Lepeletier_de_Saint-Fargeau\" title=\"Louis-Michel Lepeletier de Saint-Fargeau\">Louis-Michel Lepeletier de Saint-Fargeau</a> (1793)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auguste_Marie_Henri_Picot_de_Dampierre\" title=\"Auguste Marie Henri Picot de Dampierre\">Auguste Marie Henri Picot de Dampierre</a> (1793)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Paul_Marat\" title=\"Jean-Paul Marat\">Jean-Paul Marat</a> (1794)</li>\n<li><span typeof=\"mw:File\" data-mw='{\"caption\":\"Bon article\"}'><span title=\"Bon article\"><img resource=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fichier:Bon_article.svg\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Bon_article.svg/20px-Bon_article.svg.png?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Bon_article.svg/40px-Bon_article.svg.png?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" alt=\"Bon article\" data-file-width=\"20\" data-file-height=\"20\" data-file-type=\"drawing\" height=\"14\" width=\"14\" class=\"mw-file-element\"/></span></span> <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Jacques_Rousseau\" title=\"Jean-Jacques Rousseau\">Jean-Jacques Rousseau</a> (1794)</li></ul>\n</div></td>\n\n</tr> <tr>\n<th class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Premier_Empire\" title=\"Premier Empire\">Empire</a></th>\n<td class=\"navbox-list navbox-even\" style=\" \"><div class=\"liste-horizontale \">\n<ul><li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/François_Denis_Tronchet\" title=\"François Denis Tronchet\">François Denis Tronchet</a> (1806)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claude-Louis_Petiet\" title=\"Claude-Louis Petiet\">Claude-Louis Petiet</a> (1806)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Baptiste-Pierre_Bevière\" title=\"Jean-Baptiste-Pierre Bevière\">Jean-Baptiste-Pierre Bevière</a> (1807)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis-Joseph-Charles-Amable_d'Albert_de_Luynes\" title=\"Louis-Joseph-Charles-Amable d'Albert de Luynes\">Louis-Joseph-Charles-Amable d'Albert de Luynes</a> (1807)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Étienne-Marie_Portalis\" title=\"Jean-Étienne-Marie Portalis\">Jean-Étienne-Marie Portalis</a> (1807)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis-Pierre-Pantaléon_Resnier\" title=\"Louis-Pierre-Pantaléon Resnier\">Louis-Pierre-Pantaléon Resnier</a> (1807)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antoine-César_de_Choiseul-Praslin\" title=\"Antoine-César de Choiseul-Praslin\">Antoine-César de Choiseul-Praslin</a> (1808)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Frédéric_Perregaux\" title=\"Jean-Frédéric Perregaux\">Jean-Frédéric Perregaux</a> (1808)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Pierre_Firmin_Malher\" title=\"Jean-Pierre Firmin Malher\">Jean-Pierre Firmin Malher</a> (1808)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_Jean_Georges_Cabanis\" title=\"Pierre Jean Georges Cabanis\">Pierre Jean Georges Cabanis</a> (1808)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/François_Barthélemy_Beguinot\" title=\"François Barthélemy Beguinot\">François Barthélemy Beguinot</a> (1808)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabriel_Louis_de_Caulaincourt\" title=\"Gabriel Louis de Caulaincourt\">Gabriel Louis de Caulaincourt</a> (1808)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Girolamo_Luigi_Durazzo\" title=\"Girolamo Luigi Durazzo\">Girolamo Luigi Durazzo</a> (1809)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Papin\" title=\"Jean-Baptiste Papin\">Jean-Baptiste Papin</a> (1809)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph-Marie_Vien\" title=\"Joseph-Marie Vien\">Joseph-Marie Vien</a> (1809)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_Garnier_de_Laboissière\" title=\"Pierre Garnier de Laboissière\">Pierre Garnier de Laboissière</a> (1809)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Justin_Bonaventure_Morard_de_Galles\" title=\"Justin Bonaventure Morard de Galles\">Justin Bonaventure Morard de Galles</a> (1809)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Pierre_Sers\" title=\"Jean-Pierre Sers\">Jean-Pierre Sers</a> (1809)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emmanuel_Crétet\" title=\"Emmanuel Crétet\">Emmanuel Crétet</a> (1809)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Charles_Vincent_Le_Blond_de_Saint-Hilaire\" title=\"Louis Charles Vincent Le Blond de Saint-Hilaire\">Louis Charles Vincent Le Blond de Saint-Hilaire</a> (1810)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Lannes\" title=\"Jean Lannes\">Jean Lannes</a> (1810)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giovanni_Battista_Caprara\" title=\"Giovanni Battista Caprara\">Giovanni Battista Caprara</a> (1810)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Pierre_Claret_de_Fleurieu\" title=\"Charles Pierre Claret de Fleurieu\">Charles Pierre Claret de Fleurieu</a> (1810)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Treilhard\" title=\"Jean-Baptiste Treilhard\">Jean-Baptiste Treilhard</a> (1810)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolas_Marie_Songis_des_Courbons\" title=\"Nicolas Marie Songis des Courbons\">Nicolas Marie Songis des Courbons</a> (1811)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Erskine_de_Kellie\" title=\"Charles Erskine de Kellie\">Charles Erskine de Kellie</a> (1811)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexandre-Antoine_Hureau_de_Sénarmont\" title=\"Alexandre-Antoine Hureau de Sénarmont\">Alexandre-Antoine Hureau de Sénarmont</a> (1811)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michel_Ordener\" title=\"Michel Ordener\">Michel Ordener</a> (1811)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis-Antoine_de_Bougainville\" title=\"Louis-Antoine de Bougainville\">Louis-Antoine de Bougainville</a> (1811)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ippolito-Antonio_Vincenti-Mareri\" title=\"Ippolito-Antonio Vincenti-Mareri\">Ippolito-Antonio Vincenti-Mareri</a> (1811)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Guillaume_de_Winter\" title=\"Jean-Guillaume de Winter\">Jean-Guillaume de Winter</a> (1812)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Marie_Pierre_Dorsenne\" title=\"Jean Marie Pierre Dorsenne\">Jean Marie Pierre Dorsenne</a> (1812)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph-Louis_Lagrange\" title=\"Joseph-Louis Lagrange\">Joseph-Louis Lagrange</a> (1813)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Ignace_Jacqueminot\" title=\"Jean-Ignace Jacqueminot\">Jean-Ignace Jacqueminot</a> (1813)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyacinthe-Hughes_Timoléon_de_Cossé-Brissac\" title=\"Hyacinthe-Hughes Timoléon de Cossé-Brissac\">Hyacinthe-Hughes Timoléon de Cossé-Brissac</a> (1813)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Justin_de_Viry\" title=\"Justin de Viry\">Justin de Viry</a> (1813)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Rousseau_(homme_politique,_1738-1813)\" title=\"Jean Rousseau (homme politique, 1738-1813)\">Jean Rousseau</a> (1813)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frédéric_Henri_Walther\" title=\"Frédéric Henri Walther\">Frédéric Henri Walther</a> (1813)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Nicolas_Démeunier\" title=\"Jean-Nicolas Démeunier\">Jean-Nicolas Démeunier</a> (1814)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Louis-Ébénézer_Reynier\" title=\"Jean-Louis-Ébénézer Reynier\">Jean-Louis-Ébénézer Reynier</a> (1814)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claude_Ambroise_Régnier\" title=\"Claude Ambroise Régnier\">Claude Ambroise Régnier</a> (1814)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claude-Juste-Alexandre_Legrand\" title=\"Claude-Juste-Alexandre Legrand\">Claude-Juste-Alexandre Legrand</a> (1815)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antoine-Jean-Marie_Thévenard\" title=\"Antoine-Jean-Marie Thévenard\">Antoine-Jean-Marie Thévenard</a> (1815)</li></ul>\n</div></td>\n</tr> <tr>\n<th class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seconde_Restauration\" title=\"Seconde Restauration\">Restauration</a></th>\n<td class=\"navbox-list\" style=\" \"><div class=\"liste-horizontale \">\n<ul><li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques-Germain_Soufflot\" title=\"Jacques-Germain Soufflot\">Jacques-Germain Soufflot</a> (1829)</li></ul>\n</div></td>\n</tr> <tr>\n<th class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Troisième_République_(France)\" title=\"Troisième République (France)\"><abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"Troisième\">III<sup>e</sup></abbr> République</a></th>\n<td class=\"navbox-list navbox-even\" style=\" \"><div class=\"liste-horizontale \">\n<ul><li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victor_Hugo\" title=\"Victor Hugo\">Victor Hugo</a> (1885)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Théophile-Malo_de_La_Tour_d'Auvergne-Corret\" title=\"Théophile-Malo de La Tour d'Auvergne-Corret\">Théophile-Malo de La Tour d'Auvergne-Corret</a> (1889)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lazare_Carnot\" title=\"Lazare Carnot\">Lazare Carnot</a> (1889)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alphonse_Baudin\" title=\"Alphonse Baudin\">Alphonse Baudin</a> (1889)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/François_Séverin_Marceau\" title=\"François Séverin Marceau\">François Séverin Marceau</a> (1889)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sadi_Carnot_(homme_d'État)\" title=\"Sadi Carnot (homme d'État)\">Sadi Carnot</a> (1894)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marcellin_Berthelot\" title=\"Marcellin Berthelot\">Marcellin</a> et <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sophie_Berthelot\" title=\"Sophie Berthelot\">Sophie Berthelot</a> (1907)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Émile_Zola\" title=\"Émile Zola\">Émile Zola</a> (1908)</li>\n<li><span typeof=\"mw:File\" data-mw='{\"caption\":\"Article de qualité\"}'><span title=\"Article de qualité\"><img resource=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fichier:Article_de_qualité.svg\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg/20px-Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg.png?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg/40px-Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg.png?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" alt=\"Article de qualité\" data-file-width=\"20\" data-file-height=\"20\" data-file-type=\"drawing\" height=\"14\" width=\"14\" class=\"mw-file-element\"/></span></span> <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Léon_Gambetta\" title=\"Léon Gambetta\">Léon Gambetta</a> (1920)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Jaurès\" title=\"Jean Jaurès\">Jean Jaurès</a> (1924)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Painlevé\" title=\"Paul Painlevé\">Paul Painlevé</a> (1933)</li></ul>\n</div></td>\n</tr> <tr>\n<th class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quatrième_République_(France)\" title=\"Quatrième République (France)\"><abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"Quatrième\">IV<sup>e</sup></abbr> République</a></th>\n<td class=\"navbox-list\" style=\" \"><div class=\"liste-horizontale \">\n<ul><li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Langevin\" title=\"Paul Langevin\">Paul Langevin</a> (1948)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Perrin\" title=\"Jean Perrin\">Jean Perrin</a> (1948)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Félix_Éboué\" title=\"Félix Éboué\">Félix Éboué</a> (1949)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marc_Schœlcher\" title=\"Marc Schœlcher\">Marc</a> et <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victor_Schœlcher\" title=\"Victor Schœlcher\">Victor Schœlcher</a> (1949)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Braille\" title=\"Louis Braille\">Louis Braille</a> (1952)</li></ul>\n</div></td>\n</tr> <tr>\n<th class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cinquième_République_(France)\" title=\"Cinquième République (France)\"><abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"Cinquième\">V<sup>e</sup></abbr> République</a></th>\n<td class=\"navbox-list navbox-even\" style=\" \"><div class=\"liste-horizontale \">\n<ul><li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Moulin\" title=\"Jean Moulin\">Jean Moulin</a> (1964)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/René_Cassin\" title=\"René Cassin\">René Cassin</a> (1987)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Monnet\" title=\"Jean Monnet\">Jean Monnet</a> (1988)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abbé_Grégoire\" title=\"Abbé Grégoire\">Henri Grégoire</a> (1989)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaspard_Monge\" title=\"Gaspard Monge\">Gaspard Monge</a> (1989)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolas_de_Condorcet\" title=\"Nicolas de Condorcet\">Nicolas de Condorcet</a> (1989)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Curie\" class=\"mw-selflink selflink\">Marie</a> et <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_Curie\" title=\"Pierre Curie\">Pierre Curie</a> (1995)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/André_Malraux\" title=\"André Malraux\">André Malraux</a> (1996)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexandre_Dumas\" title=\"Alexandre Dumas\">Alexandre Dumas</a> (2002)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_Brossolette\" title=\"Pierre Brossolette\">Pierre Brossolette</a> (2015)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geneviève_de_Gaulle-Anthonioz\" title=\"Geneviève de Gaulle-Anthonioz\">Geneviève de Gaulle-Anthonioz</a> (2015)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germaine_Tillion\" title=\"Germaine Tillion\">Germaine Tillion</a> (2015)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Zay\" title=\"Jean Zay\">Jean Zay</a> (2015)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antoine_Veil\" title=\"Antoine Veil\">Antoine</a> et <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simone_Veil\" title=\"Simone Veil\">Simone Veil</a> (2018)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maurice_Genevoix\" title=\"Maurice Genevoix\">Maurice Genevoix</a> (2020)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joséphine_Baker\" title=\"Joséphine Baker\">Joséphine Baker</a> (2021)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mélinée_Manouchian\" title=\"Mélinée Manouchian\">Mélinée</a> et <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Missak_Manouchian\" title=\"Missak Manouchian\">Missak Manouchian</a> (2024)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Badinter\" title=\"Robert Badinter\">Robert Badinter</a> (2025)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marc_Bloch\" title=\"Marc Bloch\">Marc Bloch</a> et <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simonne_Vidal\" title=\"Simonne Vidal\">Simonne Vidal</a> (2026)</li></ul>\n</div></td>\n</tr>                         </tbody></table>\n<table class=\"navbox collapsible noprint autocollapse \" style=\" \">\n<tbody><tr><th class=\"navbox-title\" colspan=\"2\" style=\"\"><div style=\"float:left; width:6em; text-align:left\"><div class=\"noprint plainlinks nowrap tnavbar\" style=\"padding:0; font-size:xx-small; color:var(--color-emphasized, #000000); \"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modèle:Palette_Prix_Nobel_français\" title=\"Modèle:Palette Prix Nobel français\"><abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"Voir ce modèle.\">v</abbr></a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>· <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mod%C3%A8le:Palette_Prix_Nobel_fran%C3%A7ais&amp;action=edit\" class=\"external text\" data-mw-original-href=\"//fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mod%C3%A8le:Palette_Prix_Nobel_fran%C3%A7ais&amp;action=edit\"><abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"Modifier ce modèle. Merci de prévisualiser avant de sauvegarder.\">m</abbr></a></div></div><div style=\"font-size:110%\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liste_des_Français_lauréats_du_prix_Nobel\" title=\"Liste des Français lauréats du prix Nobel\">Lauréats français du prix Nobel</a></div></th>\n</tr>  <tr>\n<th class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prix_Nobel_de_physique\" title=\"Prix Nobel de physique\">Physique</a></th>\n<td class=\"navbox-list\" style=\" \"><div class=\"liste-horizontale \">\n<ul><li>1903<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\"> </span>: <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henri_Becquerel\" title=\"Henri Becquerel\">Henri Becquerel</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Curie\" class=\"mw-selflink selflink\">Marie Curie</a> et <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_Curie\" title=\"Pierre Curie\">Pierre Curie</a></li>\n<li>1908<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\"> </span>: <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabriel_Lippmann\" title=\"Gabriel Lippmann\">Gabriel Lippmann</a></li>\n<li>1926<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\"> </span>: <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Perrin\" title=\"Jean Perrin\">Jean Perrin</a></li>\n<li>1929<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\"> </span>: <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_de_Broglie\" title=\"Louis de Broglie\">Louis de Broglie</a></li>\n<li>1966<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\"> </span>: <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Kastler\" title=\"Alfred Kastler\">Alfred Kastler</a></li>\n<li>1970<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\"> </span>: <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Néel\" title=\"Louis Néel\">Louis Néel</a></li>\n<li>1991<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\"> </span>: <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre-Gilles_de_Gennes\" title=\"Pierre-Gilles de Gennes\">Pierre-Gilles de Gennes</a></li>\n<li>1992<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\"> </span>: <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georges_Charpak\" title=\"Georges Charpak\">Georges Charpak</a></li>\n<li>1997<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\"> </span>: <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claude_Cohen-Tannoudji\" title=\"Claude Cohen-Tannoudji\">Claude Cohen-Tannoudji</a></li>\n<li>2007<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\"> </span>: <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Fert\" title=\"Albert Fert\">Albert Fert</a></li>\n<li>2012<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\"> </span>: <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serge_Haroche\" title=\"Serge Haroche\">Serge Haroche</a></li>\n<li>2018<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\"> </span>: <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gérard_Mourou\" title=\"Gérard Mourou\">Gérard Mourou</a></li>\n<li>2022<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\"> </span>: <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alain_Aspect\" title=\"Alain Aspect\">Alain Aspect</a></li>\n<li>2023<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\"> </span>: <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_Agostini\" title=\"Pierre Agostini\">Pierre Agostini</a> et <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anne_L'Huillier\" title=\"Anne L'Huillier\">Anne L'Huillier</a></li>\n<li>2025<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\"> </span>: <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michel_Devoret\" title=\"Michel Devoret\">Michel Devoret</a></li></ul>\n</div></td>\n\n</tr> <tr>\n<th class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prix_Nobel_de_chimie\" title=\"Prix Nobel de chimie\">Chimie</a></th>\n<td class=\"navbox-list navbox-even\" style=\" \"><div class=\"liste-horizontale \">\n<ul><li>1906<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\"> </span>: <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henri_Moissan\" title=\"Henri Moissan\">Henri Moissan</a></li>\n<li>1911<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\"> </span>: <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Curie\" class=\"mw-selflink selflink\">Marie Curie</a></li>\n<li>1912<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\"> </span>: <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victor_Grignard\" title=\"Victor Grignard\">Victor Grignard</a> et <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Sabatier_(chimiste)\" title=\"Paul Sabatier (chimiste)\">Paul Sabatier</a></li>\n<li>1935<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\"> </span>: <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frédéric_Joliot-Curie\" title=\"Frédéric Joliot-Curie\">Frédéric Joliot-Curie</a> et <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irène_Joliot-Curie\" title=\"Irène Joliot-Curie\">Irène Joliot-Curie</a></li>\n<li>1987<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\"> </span>: <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Marie_Lehn\" title=\"Jean-Marie Lehn\">Jean-Marie Lehn</a></li>\n<li>2005<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\"> </span>: <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yves_Chauvin\" title=\"Yves Chauvin\">Yves Chauvin</a></li>\n<li>2016<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\"> </span>: <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Pierre_Sauvage_(chimiste)\" title=\"Jean-Pierre Sauvage (chimiste)\">Jean-Pierre Sauvage</a></li>\n<li>2020<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\"> </span>: <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emmanuelle_Charpentier\" title=\"Emmanuelle Charpentier\">Emmanuelle Charpentier</a></li>\n<li>2023<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\"> </span>: <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moungi_G._Bawendi\" title=\"Moungi G. Bawendi\">Moungi G. Bawendi</a></li></ul>\n</div></td>\n</tr> <tr>\n<th class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prix_Nobel_de_physiologie_ou_médecine\" title=\"Prix Nobel de physiologie ou médecine\">Physiologie ou médecine</a></th>\n<td class=\"navbox-list\" style=\" \"><div class=\"liste-horizontale \">\n<ul><li>1907<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\"> </span>: <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alphonse_Laveran\" title=\"Alphonse Laveran\">Alphonse Laveran</a></li>\n<li>1912<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\"> </span>: <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexis_Carrel\" title=\"Alexis Carrel\">Alexis Carrel</a></li>\n<li>1913<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\"> </span>: <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Richet\" title=\"Charles Richet\">Charles Richet</a></li>\n<li>1928<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\"> </span>: <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Nicolle\" title=\"Charles Nicolle\">Charles Nicolle</a></li>\n<li>1956<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\"> </span>: <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/André_Frédéric_Cournand\" title=\"André Frédéric Cournand\">André Frédéric Cournand</a></li>\n<li>1965<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\"> </span>: <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/François_Jacob\" title=\"François Jacob\">François Jacob</a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/André_Lwoff\" title=\"André Lwoff\">André Lwoff</a> et <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_Monod\" title=\"Jacques Monod\">Jacques Monod</a></li>\n<li>1977<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\"> </span>: <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_Guillemin\" title=\"Roger Guillemin\">Roger Guillemin</a></li>\n<li>1980<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\"> </span>: <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Dausset\" title=\"Jean Dausset\">Jean Dausset</a></li>\n<li>2008<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\"> </span>: <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Françoise_Barré-Sinoussi\" title=\"Françoise Barré-Sinoussi\">Françoise Barré-Sinoussi</a> et <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luc_Montagnier\" title=\"Luc Montagnier\">Luc Montagnier</a></li>\n<li>2011<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\"> </span>: <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jules_Hoffmann\" title=\"Jules Hoffmann\">Jules Hoffmann</a></li></ul>\n</div></td>\n</tr> <tr>\n<th class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prix_Nobel_de_littérature\" title=\"Prix Nobel de littérature\">Littérature</a></th>\n<td class=\"navbox-list navbox-even\" style=\" \"><div class=\"liste-horizontale \">\n<ul><li>1901<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\"> </span>: <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sully_Prudhomme\" title=\"Sully Prudhomme\">Sully Prudhomme</a></li>\n<li>1904<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\"> </span>: <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frédéric_Mistral\" title=\"Frédéric Mistral\">Frédéric Mistral</a></li>\n<li>1915<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\"> </span>: <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romain_Rolland\" title=\"Romain Rolland\">Romain Rolland</a></li>\n<li>1921<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\"> </span>: <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anatole_France\" title=\"Anatole France\">Anatole France</a></li>\n<li>1927<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\"> </span>: <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henri_Bergson\" title=\"Henri Bergson\">Henri Bergson</a></li>\n<li>1937<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\"> </span>: <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_Martin_du_Gard\" title=\"Roger Martin du Gard\">Roger Martin du Gard</a></li>\n<li>1947<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\"> </span>: <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/André_Gide\" title=\"André Gide\">André Gide</a></li>\n<li>1952<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\"> </span>: <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/François_Mauriac\" title=\"François Mauriac\">François Mauriac</a></li>\n<li>1957<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\"> </span>: <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Camus\" title=\"Albert Camus\">Albert Camus</a></li>\n<li>1960<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\"> </span>: <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-John_Perse\" title=\"Saint-John Perse\">Saint-John Perse</a></li>\n<li>1964<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\"> </span>: <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Paul_Sartre\" title=\"Jean-Paul Sartre\">Jean-Paul Sartre</a></li>\n<li>1985<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\"> </span>: <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claude_Simon\" title=\"Claude Simon\">Claude Simon</a></li>\n<li>2000<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\"> </span>: <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gao_Xingjian\" title=\"Gao Xingjian\">Gao Xingjian</a></li>\n<li>2008<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\"> </span>: <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/J._M._G._Le_Clézio\" title=\"J. M. G. Le Clézio\">J. M. G. Le Clézio</a></li>\n<li>2014<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\"> </span>: <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrick_Modiano\" title=\"Patrick Modiano\">Patrick Modiano</a></li>\n<li>2022<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\"> </span>: <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annie_Ernaux\" title=\"Annie Ernaux\">Annie Ernaux</a></li></ul>\n</div></td>\n</tr> <tr>\n<th class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prix_Nobel_de_la_paix\" title=\"Prix Nobel de la paix\">Paix</a></th>\n<td class=\"navbox-list\" style=\" \"><div class=\"liste-horizontale \">\n<ul><li>1901<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\"> </span>: <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frédéric_Passy\" title=\"Frédéric Passy\">Frédéric Passy</a></li>\n<li>1907<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\"> </span>: <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Renault_(juriste)\" title=\"Louis Renault (juriste)\">Louis Renault</a></li>\n<li>1909<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\"> </span>: <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Henri_Balluet_d'Estournelles_de_Constant\" title=\"Paul Henri Balluet d'Estournelles de Constant\">Paul Henri Balluet d'Estournelles de Constant</a></li>\n<li>1920<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\"> </span>: <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Léon_Bourgeois\" title=\"Léon Bourgeois\">Léon Bourgeois</a></li>\n<li>1926<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\"> </span>: <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aristide_Briand\" title=\"Aristide Briand\">Aristide Briand</a></li>\n<li>1927<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\"> </span>: <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferdinand_Buisson\" title=\"Ferdinand Buisson\">Ferdinand Buisson</a></li>\n<li>1951<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\"> </span>: <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Léon_Jouhaux\" title=\"Léon Jouhaux\">Léon Jouhaux</a></li>\n<li>1952<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\"> </span>: <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Schweitzer\" title=\"Albert Schweitzer\">Albert Schweitzer</a></li>\n<li>1968<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\"> </span>: <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/René_Cassin\" title=\"René Cassin\">René Cassin</a></li>\n<li>1999<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\"> </span>: <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Médecins_sans_frontières\" title=\"Médecins sans frontières\">Médecins sans frontières</a></li></ul>\n</div></td>\n</tr> <tr>\n<th class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prix_de_la_Banque_de_Suède_en_sciences_économiques_en_mémoire_d'Alfred_Nobel\" title=\"Prix de la Banque de Suède en sciences économiques en mémoire d'Alfred Nobel\">Économie</a></th>\n<td class=\"navbox-list navbox-even\" style=\" \"><div class=\"liste-horizontale \">\n<ul><li>1983<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\"> </span>: <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gérard_Debreu\" title=\"Gérard Debreu\">Gérard Debreu</a></li>\n<li>1988<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\"> </span>: <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maurice_Allais\" title=\"Maurice Allais\">Maurice Allais</a></li>\n<li>2014<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\"> </span>: <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Tirole\" title=\"Jean Tirole\">Jean Tirole</a></li>\n<li>2019<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\"> </span>: <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esther_Duflo\" title=\"Esther Duflo\">Esther Duflo</a></li>\n<li>2025<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\"> </span>: <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippe_Aghion\" title=\"Philippe Aghion\">Philippe Aghion</a></li></ul>\n</div></td>\n</tr>                         </tbody></table>\n<table class=\"navbox collapsible noprint collapsed \" style=\" \">\n<tbody><tr><th class=\"navbox-title\" colspan=\"2\" style=\"\"><div style=\"float:left; width:6em; text-align:left\"><div class=\"noprint plainlinks nowrap tnavbar\" style=\"padding:0; font-size:xx-small; color:var(--color-emphasized, #000000); \"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modèle:Palette_Diaspora_polonaise\" title=\"Modèle:Palette Diaspora polonaise\"><abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"Voir ce modèle.\">v</abbr></a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>· <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mod%C3%A8le:Palette_Diaspora_polonaise&amp;action=edit\" class=\"external text\" data-mw-original-href=\"//fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mod%C3%A8le:Palette_Diaspora_polonaise&amp;action=edit\"><abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"Modifier ce modèle. Merci de prévisualiser avant de sauvegarder.\">m</abbr></a></div></div><div style=\"font-size:110%\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diaspora_polonaise\" title=\"Diaspora polonaise\">Diaspora polonaise</a></div></th>\n</tr>  <tr>\n<th class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"text-align:left;\">Polonais des <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kresy\" title=\"Kresy\">Confins</a></th>\n<td class=\"navbox-list\" style=\" \"><div class=\"liste-horizontale \">\n<ul><li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osadnik\" title=\"Osadnik\">Osadnik</a></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><span typeof=\"mw:File\"><a href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Belarus.svg\" class=\"mw-file-description\"><img resource=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Belarus.svg\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/20px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/40px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" data-file-width=\"1200\" data-file-height=\"600\" data-file-type=\"drawing\" height=\"8\" width=\"15\" class=\"mw-file-element\"/></a></span> <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polonais_de_Biélorussie\" title=\"Polonais de Biélorussie\">Polonais de Biélorussie</a></span>\n<ul><li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sapotskine\" title=\"Sapotskine\">Sapotskine</a></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Union_des_Polonais_de_Biélorussie\" title=\"Union des Polonais de Biélorussie\">Union des Polonais de Biélorussie</a></span></li></ul></li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><span typeof=\"mw:File\"><a href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Estonia.svg\" class=\"mw-file-description\"><img resource=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Estonia.svg\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/20px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" data-file-width=\"990\" data-file-height=\"630\" data-file-type=\"drawing\" height=\"10\" width=\"15\" class=\"mw-file-element\"/></a></span> <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polonais_d'Estonie?action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" title=\"Polonais d'Estonie (page inexistante)\" class=\"new\" typeof=\"mw:LocalizedAttrs\" data-mw-i18n='{\"title\":{\"lang\":\"x-page\",\"key\":\"red-link-title\",\"params\":[\"Polonais d&apos;Estonie\"]}}'>Polonais d'Estonie</a> <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink/Interwiki\" href=\"https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polacy%20w%20Estonii\" title=\"pl:Polacy w Estonii\" class=\"extiw\"><span class=\"indicateur-langue\" title=\"Article en polonais : « Polacy w Estonii »\">(pl)</span></a><link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Catégorie:Article_contenant_un_appel_à_traduction_en_polonais\"/></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><span typeof=\"mw:File\"><a href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Latvia.svg\" class=\"mw-file-description\"><img resource=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Latvia.svg\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/20px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" data-file-width=\"1200\" data-file-height=\"600\" data-file-type=\"drawing\" height=\"8\" width=\"15\" class=\"mw-file-element\"/></a></span> <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polonais_de_Latgale\" title=\"Polonais de Latgale\">Polonais de Latgale</a></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><span typeof=\"mw:File\"><a href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Lithuania.svg\" class=\"mw-file-description\"><img resource=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Lithuania.svg\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/20px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/40px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" data-file-width=\"1000\" data-file-height=\"600\" data-file-type=\"drawing\" height=\"9\" width=\"15\" class=\"mw-file-element\"/></a></span> <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polonais_en_Lituanie\" title=\"Polonais en Lituanie\">Polonais en Lituanie</a></span>\n<ul><li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Porte_de_l'Aurore\" title=\"Porte de l'Aurore\">Porte de l'Aurore</a></span></li></ul></li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><span typeof=\"mw:File\"><a href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Romania.svg\" class=\"mw-file-description\"><img resource=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Romania.svg\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/20px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/40px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" data-file-width=\"600\" data-file-height=\"400\" data-file-type=\"drawing\" height=\"10\" width=\"15\" class=\"mw-file-element\"/></a></span> <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polonais_de_Roumanie\" title=\"Polonais de Roumanie\">Polonais de Roumanie</a></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><span typeof=\"mw:File\"><a href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Czechia.svg\" class=\"mw-file-description\"><img resource=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Czechia.svg\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" data-file-width=\"900\" data-file-height=\"600\" data-file-type=\"drawing\" height=\"10\" width=\"15\" class=\"mw-file-element\"/></a></span> <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polonais_de_Tchéquie?action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" title=\"Polonais de Tchéquie (page inexistante)\" class=\"new\" typeof=\"mw:LocalizedAttrs\" data-mw-i18n='{\"title\":{\"lang\":\"x-page\",\"key\":\"red-link-title\",\"params\":[\"Polonais de Tchéquie\"]}}'>Polonais de Tchéquie</a> <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink/Interwiki\" href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polish%20minority%20in%20the%20Czech%20Republic\" title=\"en:Polish minority in the Czech Republic\" class=\"extiw\"><span class=\"indicateur-langue\" title=\"Article en anglais : « Polish minority in the Czech Republic »\">(en)</span></a><link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Catégorie:Article_contenant_un_appel_à_traduction_en_anglais\"/></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><span typeof=\"mw:File\"><a href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Ukraine.svg\" class=\"mw-file-description\"><img resource=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Ukraine.svg\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/20px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/40px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" data-file-width=\"1200\" data-file-height=\"800\" data-file-type=\"drawing\" height=\"10\" width=\"15\" class=\"mw-file-element\"/></a></span> <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polonais_d'Ukraine\" title=\"Polonais d'Ukraine\">Polonais d'Ukraine</a></span>\n<ul><li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dialecte_de_Lwów\" title=\"Dialecte de Lwów\">Dialecte de Lwów</a></span></li></ul></li></ul>\n</div></td>\n\n</tr> <tr>\n<th class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"text-align:left;\">Diasporas polonaises</th>\n<td class=\"navbox-list navbox-even\" style=\" \"><div class=\"liste-horizontale \">\n<ul><li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><b><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diaspora_polonaise\" title=\"Diaspora polonaise\">Diaspora polonaise</a></b></span>\n<ul><li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Émigration_en_provenance_de_la_Pologne_depuis_son_adhésion_à_l'UE\" title=\"Émigration en provenance de la Pologne depuis son adhésion à l'UE\">Émigration en provenance de la Pologne depuis son adhésion à l'UE</a></span></li></ul></li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><span typeof=\"mw:File\"><a href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Germany.svg\" class=\"mw-file-description\"><img resource=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Germany.svg\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/20px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/40px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" data-file-width=\"1000\" data-file-height=\"600\" data-file-type=\"drawing\" height=\"9\" width=\"15\" class=\"mw-file-element\"/></a></span> <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diaspora_polonaise_en_Allemagne\" title=\"Diaspora polonaise en Allemagne\">Diaspora polonaise en Allemagne</a></span>\n<ul><li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Association_fédérale_germano-polonaise?action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" title=\"Association fédérale germano-polonaise (page inexistante)\" class=\"new\" typeof=\"mw:LocalizedAttrs\" data-mw-i18n='{\"title\":{\"lang\":\"x-page\",\"key\":\"red-link-title\",\"params\":[\"Association fédérale germano-polonaise\"]}}'>Association fédérale germano-polonaise</a> <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink/Interwiki\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deutsch-Polnische%20Gesellschaft%20Bundesverband\" title=\"de:Deutsch-Polnische Gesellschaft Bundesverband\" class=\"extiw\"><span class=\"indicateur-langue\" title=\"Article en allemand : « Deutsch-Polnische Gesellschaft Bundesverband »\">(de)</span></a><link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Catégorie:Article_contenant_un_appel_à_traduction_en_allemand\"/></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musée_Kraszewski?action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" title=\"Musée Kraszewski (page inexistante)\" class=\"new\" typeof=\"mw:LocalizedAttrs\" data-mw-i18n='{\"title\":{\"lang\":\"x-page\",\"key\":\"red-link-title\",\"params\":[\"Musée Kraszewski\"]}}'>Musée Kraszewski</a> <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink/Interwiki\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kraszewski-Museum\" title=\"de:Kraszewski-Museum\" class=\"extiw\"><span class=\"indicateur-langue\" title=\"Article en allemand : « Kraszewski-Museum »\">(de)</span></a><link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Catégorie:Article_contenant_un_appel_à_traduction_en_allemand\"/></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polonia_Music_Festival?action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" title=\"Polonia Music Festival (page inexistante)\" class=\"new\" typeof=\"mw:LocalizedAttrs\" data-mw-i18n='{\"title\":{\"lang\":\"x-page\",\"key\":\"red-link-title\",\"params\":[\"Polonia Music Festival\"]}}'>Polonia Music Festival</a> <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink/Interwiki\" href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polonia%20Music%20Festival\" title=\"de:Polonia Music Festival\" class=\"extiw\"><span class=\"indicateur-langue\" title=\"Article en allemand : « Polonia Music Festival »\">(de)</span></a><link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Catégorie:Article_contenant_un_appel_à_traduction_en_allemand\"/></span></li></ul></li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><span typeof=\"mw:File\"><a href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Argentina.svg\" class=\"mw-file-description\"><img resource=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Argentina.svg\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/20px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/40px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" data-file-width=\"800\" data-file-height=\"500\" data-file-type=\"drawing\" height=\"9\" width=\"15\" class=\"mw-file-element\"/></a></span> <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diaspora_polonaise_en_Argentine?action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" title=\"Diaspora polonaise en Argentine (page inexistante)\" class=\"new\" typeof=\"mw:LocalizedAttrs\" data-mw-i18n='{\"title\":{\"lang\":\"x-page\",\"key\":\"red-link-title\",\"params\":[\"Diaspora polonaise en Argentine\"]}}'>Diaspora polonaise en Argentine</a> <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink/Interwiki\" href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polish%20Argentines\" title=\"en:Polish Argentines\" class=\"extiw\"><span class=\"indicateur-langue\" title=\"Article en anglais : « Polish Argentines »\">(en)</span></a><link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Catégorie:Article_contenant_un_appel_à_traduction_en_anglais\"/></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><span typeof=\"mw:File\"><a href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Australia.svg\" class=\"mw-file-description\"><img resource=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Australia.svg\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Australia.svg/20px-Flag_of_Australia.svg.png?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Australia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Australia.svg.png?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" data-file-width=\"1280\" data-file-height=\"640\" data-file-type=\"drawing\" height=\"8\" width=\"15\" class=\"mw-file-element\"/></a></span> <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diaspora_polonaise_en_Australie?action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" title=\"Diaspora polonaise en Australie (page inexistante)\" class=\"new\" typeof=\"mw:LocalizedAttrs\" data-mw-i18n='{\"title\":{\"lang\":\"x-page\",\"key\":\"red-link-title\",\"params\":[\"Diaspora polonaise en Australie\"]}}'>Diaspora polonaise en Australie</a> <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink/Interwiki\" href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polish%20Australians\" title=\"en:Polish Australians\" class=\"extiw\"><span class=\"indicateur-langue\" title=\"Article en anglais : « Polish Australians »\">(en)</span></a><link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Catégorie:Article_contenant_un_appel_à_traduction_en_anglais\"/></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><span typeof=\"mw:File\"><a href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Brazil.svg\" class=\"mw-file-description\"><img resource=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Brazil.svg\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/20px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/40px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" data-file-width=\"1000\" data-file-height=\"700\" data-file-type=\"drawing\" height=\"11\" width=\"15\" class=\"mw-file-element\"/></a></span> <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diaspora_polonaise_au_Brésil?action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" title=\"Diaspora polonaise au Brésil (page inexistante)\" class=\"new\" typeof=\"mw:LocalizedAttrs\" data-mw-i18n='{\"title\":{\"lang\":\"x-page\",\"key\":\"red-link-title\",\"params\":[\"Diaspora polonaise au Brésil\"]}}'>Diaspora polonaise au Brésil</a> <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink/Interwiki\" href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polish%20Brazilians\" title=\"en:Polish Brazilians\" class=\"extiw\"><span class=\"indicateur-langue\" title=\"Article en anglais : « Polish Brazilians »\">(en)</span></a><link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Catégorie:Article_contenant_un_appel_à_traduction_en_anglais\"/></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><span typeof=\"mw:File\"><a href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Canada_(Pantone).svg\" class=\"mw-file-description\"><img resource=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Canada_(Pantone).svg\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" data-file-width=\"1200\" data-file-height=\"600\" data-file-type=\"drawing\" height=\"8\" width=\"15\" class=\"mw-file-element\"/></a></span> <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polono-Canadiens\" title=\"Polono-Canadiens\">Polono-Canadiens</a></span>\n<ul><li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institut_polonais_des_arts_et_des_sciences_au_Canada\" title=\"Institut polonais des arts et des sciences au Canada\">Institut polonais des arts et des sciences au Canada</a></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roncesvalles_(Toronto)\" title=\"Roncesvalles (Toronto)\">Roncesvalles (Toronto)</a></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilno_(Ontario)\" title=\"Wilno (Ontario)\">Wilno (Ontario)</a></span></li></ul></li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><span typeof=\"mw:File\"><a href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Croatia.svg\" class=\"mw-file-description\"><img resource=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Croatia.svg\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/20px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" data-file-width=\"1200\" data-file-height=\"600\" data-file-type=\"drawing\" height=\"8\" width=\"15\" class=\"mw-file-element\"/></a></span> <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polonais_de_Croatie\" title=\"Polonais de Croatie\">Polonais de Croatie</a></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><span typeof=\"mw:File\"><a href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_the_United_States.svg\" class=\"mw-file-description\"><img resource=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_the_United_States.svg\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" data-file-width=\"1235\" data-file-height=\"650\" data-file-type=\"drawing\" height=\"8\" width=\"15\" class=\"mw-file-element\"/></a></span> <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polono-Américains\" title=\"Polono-Américains\">Polono-Américains</a></span>\n<ul><li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basilique_Saint-Hyacinthe_de_Chicago\" title=\"Basilique Saint-Hyacinthe de Chicago\">Basilique Saint-Hyacinthe de Chicago</a></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basilique_Saint-Josaphat_de_Milwaukee\" title=\"Basilique Saint-Josaphat de Milwaukee\">Basilique Saint-Josaphat de Milwaukee</a></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Église_catholique_nationale_polonaise\" title=\"Église catholique nationale polonaise\">Église catholique nationale polonaise</a></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Église_Saint-Stanislas-Kostka_de_Chicago\" title=\"Église Saint-Stanislas-Kostka de Chicago\">Église Saint-Stanislas-Kostka de Chicago</a></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Église_Sainte-Hedwige_de_Chicago\" title=\"Église Sainte-Hedwige de Chicago\">Église Sainte-Hedwige de Chicago</a></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institut_polonais_des_arts_et_des_sciences_de_l'Amérique\" title=\"Institut polonais des arts et des sciences de l'Amérique\">Institut polonais des arts et des sciences de l'Amérique</a></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musée_polonais_d'Amérique\" title=\"Musée polonais d'Amérique\">Musée polonais d'Amérique</a></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parade_du_3_mai_de_Chicago?action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" title=\"Parade du 3 mai de Chicago (page inexistante)\" class=\"new\" typeof=\"mw:LocalizedAttrs\" data-mw-i18n='{\"title\":{\"lang\":\"x-page\",\"key\":\"red-link-title\",\"params\":[\"Parade du 3 mai de Chicago\"]}}'>Parade du 3 mai de Chicago</a> <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink/Interwiki\" href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polish%20Constitution%20Day%20Parade\" title=\"en:Polish Constitution Day Parade\" class=\"extiw\"><span class=\"indicateur-langue\" title=\"Article en anglais : « Polish Constitution Day Parade »\">(en)</span></a><link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Catégorie:Article_contenant_un_appel_à_traduction_en_anglais\"/></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silésien_du_Texas\" title=\"Silésien du Texas\">Silésien du Texas</a></span></li></ul></li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><span typeof=\"mw:File\"><a href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_France_(1794–1815,_1830–1974,_2020–present).svg\" class=\"mw-file-description\"><img resource=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_France_(1794–1815,_1830–1974,_2020–present).svg\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/20px-Flag_of_France.svg.png?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/40px-Flag_of_France.svg.png?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" data-file-width=\"900\" data-file-height=\"600\" data-file-type=\"drawing\" height=\"10\" width=\"15\" class=\"mw-file-element\"/></a></span> <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diaspora_polonaise_en_France\" title=\"Diaspora polonaise en France\">Diaspora polonaise en France</a></span>\n<ul><li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bibliothèque_polonaise_de_Paris\" title=\"Bibliothèque polonaise de Paris\">Bibliothèque polonaise de Paris</a></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/École_polonaise_des_Batignolles\" title=\"École polonaise des Batignolles\">École polonaise des Batignolles</a></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immigration_polonaise_dans_les_houillères_de_Ronchamp\" title=\"Immigration polonaise dans les houillères de Ronchamp\">Immigration polonaise dans les houillères de Ronchamp</a></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institut_polonais_de_Paris\" title=\"Institut polonais de Paris\">Institut polonais de Paris</a></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Librairie_polonaise_de_Paris\" title=\"Librairie polonaise de Paris\">Librairie polonaise de Paris</a></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musée_Adam-Mickiewicz\" title=\"Musée Adam-Mickiewicz\">Musée Adam-Mickiewicz</a></span></li></ul></li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><span typeof=\"mw:File\"><a href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Ireland.svg\" class=\"mw-file-description\"><img resource=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Ireland.svg\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/20px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/40px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" data-file-width=\"1200\" data-file-height=\"600\" data-file-type=\"drawing\" height=\"8\" width=\"15\" class=\"mw-file-element\"/></a></span> <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diaspora_polonaise_en_Irlande\" title=\"Diaspora polonaise en Irlande\">Diaspora polonaise en Irlande</a></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><span typeof=\"mw:File\"><a href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Iceland.svg\" class=\"mw-file-description\"><img resource=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Iceland.svg\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/20px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/40px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" data-file-width=\"1250\" data-file-height=\"900\" data-file-type=\"drawing\" height=\"11\" width=\"15\" class=\"mw-file-element\"/></a></span> <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diaspora_polonaise_en_Islande\" title=\"Diaspora polonaise en Islande\">Diaspora polonaise en Islande</a></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><span typeof=\"mw:File\"><a href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg\" class=\"mw-file-description\"><img resource=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/20px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/40px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" data-file-width=\"1000\" data-file-height=\"500\" data-file-type=\"drawing\" height=\"8\" width=\"15\" class=\"mw-file-element\"/></a></span> <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diaspora_polonaise_au_Kazakhstan?action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" title=\"Diaspora polonaise au Kazakhstan (page inexistante)\" class=\"new\" typeof=\"mw:LocalizedAttrs\" data-mw-i18n='{\"title\":{\"lang\":\"x-page\",\"key\":\"red-link-title\",\"params\":[\"Diaspora polonaise au Kazakhstan\"]}}'>Diaspora polonaise au Kazakhstan</a> <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink/Interwiki\" href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poles%20in%20Kazakhstan\" title=\"en:Poles in Kazakhstan\" class=\"extiw\"><span class=\"indicateur-langue\" title=\"Article en anglais : « Poles in Kazakhstan »\">(en)</span></a><link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Catégorie:Article_contenant_un_appel_à_traduction_en_anglais\"/></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><span typeof=\"mw:File\"><a href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_(1-2).svg\" class=\"mw-file-description\"><img resource=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_(1-2).svg\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281-2%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281-2%29.svg.png?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281-2%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281-2%29.svg.png?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" data-file-width=\"1200\" data-file-height=\"600\" data-file-type=\"drawing\" height=\"8\" width=\"15\" class=\"mw-file-element\"/></a></span> <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diaspora_polonaise_au_Royaume-Uni?action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" title=\"Diaspora polonaise au Royaume-Uni (page inexistante)\" class=\"new\" typeof=\"mw:LocalizedAttrs\" data-mw-i18n='{\"title\":{\"lang\":\"x-page\",\"key\":\"red-link-title\",\"params\":[\"Diaspora polonaise au Royaume-Uni\"]}}'>Diaspora polonaise au Royaume-Uni</a> <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink/Interwiki\" href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poles%20in%20the%20United%20Kingdom\" title=\"en:Poles in the United Kingdom\" class=\"extiw\"><span class=\"indicateur-langue\" title=\"Article en anglais : « Poles in the United Kingdom »\">(en)</span></a><link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Catégorie:Article_contenant_un_appel_à_traduction_en_anglais\"/></span>\n<ul><li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><i><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_Polish?action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" title=\"White Polish (page inexistante)\" class=\"new\" typeof=\"mw:LocalizedAttrs\" data-mw-i18n='{\"title\":{\"lang\":\"x-page\",\"key\":\"red-link-title\",\"params\":[\"White Polish\"]}}'>White Polish</a> <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink/Interwiki\" href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White%20Polish\" title=\"en:White Polish\" class=\"extiw\"><span class=\"indicateur-langue\" title=\"Article en anglais : « White Polish »\">(en)</span></a><link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Catégorie:Article_contenant_un_appel_à_traduction_en_anglais\"/></i></span></li></ul></li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><span typeof=\"mw:File\"><a href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Sweden.svg\" class=\"mw-file-description\"><img resource=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Sweden.svg\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/20px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/40px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" data-file-width=\"1600\" data-file-height=\"1000\" data-file-type=\"drawing\" height=\"9\" width=\"15\" class=\"mw-file-element\"/></a></span> <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diaspora_polonaise_en_Suède?action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" title=\"Diaspora polonaise en Suède (page inexistante)\" class=\"new\" typeof=\"mw:LocalizedAttrs\" data-mw-i18n='{\"title\":{\"lang\":\"x-page\",\"key\":\"red-link-title\",\"params\":[\"Diaspora polonaise en Suède\"]}}'>Diaspora polonaise en Suède</a> <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink/Interwiki\" href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poles%20in%20Sweden\" title=\"en:Poles in Sweden\" class=\"extiw\"><span class=\"indicateur-langue\" title=\"Article en anglais : « Poles in Sweden »\">(en)</span></a><link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Catégorie:Article_contenant_un_appel_à_traduction_en_anglais\"/></span></li></ul>\n</div></td>\n</tr> <tr>\n<th class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"text-align:left;\">Culture de la diaspora polonaise</th>\n<td class=\"navbox-list\" style=\" \"><div class=\"liste-horizontale \">\n<ul><li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Association_«_Communauté_polonaise_»?action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" title=\"Association « Communauté polonaise » (page inexistante)\" class=\"new\" typeof=\"mw:LocalizedAttrs\" data-mw-i18n='{\"title\":{\"lang\":\"x-page\",\"key\":\"red-link-title\",\"params\":[\"Association « Communauté polonaise »\"]}}'>Association «<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\"> </span>Communauté polonaise<span typeof=\"mw:DisplaySpace\"> </span>»</a> <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink/Interwiki\" href=\"https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stowarzyszenie%20„Wspólnota%20Polska”\" title=\"pl:Stowarzyszenie „Wspólnota Polska”\" class=\"extiw\"><span class=\"indicateur-langue\" title=\"Article en polonais : « Stowarzyszenie „Wspólnota Polska” »\">(pl)</span></a><link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Catégorie:Article_contenant_un_appel_à_traduction_en_polonais\"/></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institut_Polonicus?action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" title=\"Institut Polonicus (page inexistante)\" class=\"new\" typeof=\"mw:LocalizedAttrs\" data-mw-i18n='{\"title\":{\"lang\":\"x-page\",\"key\":\"red-link-title\",\"params\":[\"Institut Polonicus\"]}}'>Institut Polonicus</a> <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink/Interwiki\" href=\"https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instytut%20Polonicus\" title=\"pl:Instytut Polonicus\" class=\"extiw\"><span class=\"indicateur-langue\" title=\"Article en polonais : « Instytut Polonicus »\">(pl)</span></a><link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Catégorie:Article_contenant_un_appel_à_traduction_en_polonais\"/></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeux_mondiaux_de_la_Polonia\" title=\"Jeux mondiaux de la Polonia\">Jeux mondiaux de la Polonia</a></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Journée_de_la_diaspora_polonaise\" title=\"Journée de la diaspora polonaise\">Journée de la diaspora polonaise</a></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karta_Polaka\" title=\"Karta Polaka\">Karta Polaka</a></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kultura\" title=\"Kultura\">Kultura</a></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musée_de_l'émigration_de_Gdynia\" title=\"Musée de l'émigration de Gdynia\">Musée de l'émigration de Gdynia</a></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polskie_Radio_dla_Zagranicy\" title=\"Polskie Radio dla Zagranicy\">Polskie Radio dla Zagranicy</a></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/TVP_Polonia\" title=\"TVP Polonia\">TVP Polonia</a></span></li></ul>\n</div></td>\n</tr> <tr>\n<th class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"text-align:left;\">Histoire</th>\n<td class=\"navbox-list navbox-even\" style=\" \"><div class=\"liste-horizontale \">\n<ul><li><span typeof=\"mw:File\"><a href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Germany_(1867–1918).svg\" class=\"mw-file-description\"><img resource=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Germany_(1867–1918).svg\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" data-file-width=\"900\" data-file-height=\"600\" data-file-type=\"drawing\" height=\"10\" width=\"15\" class=\"mw-file-element\"/></a></span> <span typeof=\"mw:File\"><a href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Germany.svg\" class=\"mw-file-description\"><img resource=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Germany.svg\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/20px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/40px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" data-file-width=\"1000\" data-file-height=\"600\" data-file-type=\"drawing\" height=\"9\" width=\"15\" class=\"mw-file-element\"/></a></span> <b>Allemagne</b>\n<ul><li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ostflucht\" title=\"Ostflucht\">Ostflucht</a></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parti_polonais\" title=\"Parti polonais\">Parti polonais</a></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruhrpolen\" title=\"Ruhrpolen\">Ruhrpolen</a></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Union_des_Polonais_d'Allemagne\" title=\"Union des Polonais d'Allemagne\">Union des Polonais d'Allemagne</a></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><i><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiarus_Polski\" title=\"Wiarus Polski\">Wiarus Polski</a></i></span></li></ul></li>\n<li><span typeof=\"mw:File\"><a href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_the_Habsburg_Monarchy.svg\" class=\"mw-file-description\"><img resource=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_the_Habsburg_Monarchy.svg\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_the_Habsburg_Monarchy.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_Habsburg_Monarchy.svg.png?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_the_Habsburg_Monarchy.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Habsburg_Monarchy.svg.png?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" data-file-width=\"1200\" data-file-height=\"800\" data-file-type=\"drawing\" height=\"10\" width=\"15\" class=\"mw-file-element\"/></a></span> <b>Autriche</b>\n<ul><li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gardekirche\" title=\"Gardekirche\">Gardekirche</a></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palais_Lanckoroński?action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" title=\"Palais Lanckoroński (page inexistante)\" class=\"new\" typeof=\"mw:LocalizedAttrs\" data-mw-i18n='{\"title\":{\"lang\":\"x-page\",\"key\":\"red-link-title\",\"params\":[\"Palais Lanckoroński\"]}}'>Palais Lanckoroński</a> <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink/Interwiki\" href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palais%20Lanckoroński\" title=\"en:Palais Lanckoroński\" class=\"extiw\"><span class=\"indicateur-langue\" title=\"Article en anglais : « Palais Lanckoroński »\">(en)</span></a><link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Catégorie:Article_contenant_un_appel_à_traduction_en_anglais\"/></span></li></ul></li>\n<li><span typeof=\"mw:File\"><a href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg\" class=\"mw-file-description\"><img resource=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/20px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/40px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" data-file-width=\"1200\" data-file-height=\"600\" data-file-type=\"drawing\" height=\"8\" width=\"15\" class=\"mw-file-element\"/></a></span> <b>Azerbaïdjan</b>\n<ul><li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diaspora_polonaise_en_Azerbaïdjan\" title=\"Diaspora polonaise en Azerbaïdjan\">Polonais en Azerbaïdjan</a></span></li></ul></li>\n<li><span typeof=\"mw:File\"><a href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_(1844–1922).svg\" class=\"mw-file-description\"><img resource=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_(1844–1922).svg\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg.png?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg.png?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" data-file-width=\"1200\" data-file-height=\"800\" data-file-type=\"drawing\" height=\"10\" width=\"15\" class=\"mw-file-element\"/></a></span> <b>Empire ottoman</b>\n<ul><li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polonezköy\" title=\"Polonezköy\">Polonezköy</a></span></li></ul></li>\n<li><span typeof=\"mw:File\"><a href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_France_(1794–1815,_1830–1974,_2020–present).svg\" class=\"mw-file-description\"><img resource=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_France_(1794–1815,_1830–1974,_2020–present).svg\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/20px-Flag_of_France.svg.png?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/40px-Flag_of_France.svg.png?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" data-file-width=\"900\" data-file-height=\"600\" data-file-type=\"drawing\" height=\"10\" width=\"15\" class=\"mw-file-element\"/></a></span> <b>France</b>\n<ul><li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armée_bleue\" title=\"Armée bleue\">Armée bleue</a></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cimetière_des_Champeaux_de_Montmorency\" title=\"Cimetière des Champeaux de Montmorency\">Cimetière des Champeaux de Montmorency</a></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comité_national_polonais_(1831)\" title=\"Comité national polonais (1831)\">Comité national polonais (1831)</a></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congrégation_de_la_Résurrection_de_Notre-Seigneur_Jésus-Christ\" title=\"Congrégation de la Résurrection de Notre-Seigneur Jésus-Christ\">Congrégation de la Résurrection de Notre-Seigneur Jésus-Christ</a></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grande_Émigration\" title=\"Grande Émigration\">Grande Émigration</a></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hôtel_Lambert\" title=\"Hôtel Lambert\">Hôtel Lambert</a></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immigration_polonaise_dans_le_bassin_minier_du_Nord-Pas-de-Calais\" title=\"Immigration polonaise dans le bassin minier du Nord-Pas-de-Calais\">Immigration polonaise dans le bassin minier du Nord-Pas-de-Calais</a></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Légion_des_Bayonnais\" title=\"Légion des Bayonnais\">Légion des Bayonnais</a></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Légions_polonaises_(armée_française)\" title=\"Légions polonaises (armée française)\">Légions polonaises (armée française)</a></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lycée_polonais_des_Batignolles\" title=\"Lycée polonais des Batignolles\">Lycée polonais des Batignolles</a></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lycée_polonais_de_Villard-de-Lans\" title=\"Lycée polonais de Villard-de-Lans\">Lycée polonais de Villard-de-Lans</a></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineurs_westphaliens\" title=\"Mineurs westphaliens\">Mineurs westphaliens</a></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><i><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narodowiec\" title=\"Narodowiec\">Narodowiec</a></i></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><i><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polonia_(journal)\" title=\"Polonia (journal)\">Polonia</a></i></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><i><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prawo_Ludu\" title=\"Prawo Ludu\">Prawo Ludu</a></i></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><i><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robotnik_Polski\" title=\"Robotnik Polski\">Robotnik Polski</a></i></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monument_d'Adam_Mickiewicz_(Paris)\" title=\"Monument d'Adam Mickiewicz (Paris)\">Monument d'Adam Mickiewicz (Paris)</a></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Société_démocratique_polonaise?action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" title=\"Société démocratique polonaise (page inexistante)\" class=\"new\" typeof=\"mw:LocalizedAttrs\" data-mw-i18n='{\"title\":{\"lang\":\"x-page\",\"key\":\"red-link-title\",\"params\":[\"Société démocratique polonaise\"]}}'>Société démocratique polonaise</a> <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink/Interwiki\" href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polish%20Democratic%20Society\" title=\"en:Polish Democratic Society\" class=\"extiw\"><span class=\"indicateur-langue\" title=\"Article en anglais : « Polish Democratic Society »\">(en)</span></a><link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Catégorie:Article_contenant_un_appel_à_traduction_en_anglais\"/></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Société_historique_et_littéraire_polonaise\" title=\"Société historique et littéraire polonaise\">Société historique et littéraire polonaise</a></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Union_de_l'émigration_polonaise_(1866-1871)?action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" title=\"Union de l'émigration polonaise (1866-1871) (page inexistante)\" class=\"new\" typeof=\"mw:LocalizedAttrs\" data-mw-i18n='{\"title\":{\"lang\":\"x-page\",\"key\":\"red-link-title\",\"params\":[\"Union de l&apos;émigration polonaise (1866-1871)\"]}}'>Union de l'émigration polonaise</a> <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink/Interwiki\" href=\"https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zjednoczenie%20Emigracji%20Polskiej%20(1866–1871)\" title=\"pl:Zjednoczenie Emigracji Polskiej (1866–1871)\" class=\"extiw\"><span class=\"indicateur-langue\" title=\"Article en polonais : « Zjednoczenie Emigracji Polskiej (1866–1871) »\">(pl)</span></a><link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Catégorie:Article_contenant_un_appel_à_traduction_en_polonais\"/></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Union_polonaise_de_football_en_France\" title=\"Union polonaise de football en France\">Union polonaise de football en France</a></span></li></ul></li>\n<li><span typeof=\"mw:File\"><a href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Haiti_(civil).svg\" class=\"mw-file-description\"><img resource=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Haiti_(civil).svg\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Flag_of_Haiti_%28civil%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_Haiti_%28civil%29.svg.png?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Flag_of_Haiti_%28civil%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_Haiti_%28civil%29.svg.png?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" data-file-width=\"1000\" data-file-height=\"600\" data-file-type=\"drawing\" height=\"9\" width=\"15\" class=\"mw-file-element\"/></a></span> <b>Haïti</b>\n<ul><li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haïtiens_polonais\" title=\"Haïtiens polonais\">Haïtiens polonais</a></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cazale\" title=\"Cazale\">Cazale</a></span></li></ul></li>\n<li><span typeof=\"mw:File\"><a href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Hungary.svg\" class=\"mw-file-description\"><img resource=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Hungary.svg\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/20px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/40px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" data-file-width=\"1200\" data-file-height=\"600\" data-file-type=\"drawing\" height=\"8\" width=\"15\" class=\"mw-file-element\"/></a></span> <b>Hongrie</b>\n<ul><li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minorité_polonaise_de_Hongrie\" title=\"Minorité polonaise de Hongrie\">Minorité polonaise de Hongrie</a></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immigration_polonaise_en_Hongrie_durant_la_Seconde_guerre_mondiale?action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" title=\"Immigration polonaise en Hongrie durant la Seconde guerre mondiale (page inexistante)\" class=\"new\" typeof=\"mw:LocalizedAttrs\" data-mw-i18n='{\"title\":{\"lang\":\"x-page\",\"key\":\"red-link-title\",\"params\":[\"Immigration polonaise en Hongrie durant la Seconde guerre mondiale\"]}}'>Immigration polonaise en Hongrie durant la Seconde guerre mondiale</a> <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink/Interwiki\" href=\"https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polscy%20uchodźcy%20na%20Węgrzech%20w%20latach%201939–1945\" title=\"pl:Polscy uchodźcy na Węgrzech w latach 1939–1945\" class=\"extiw\"><span class=\"indicateur-langue\" title=\"Article en polonais : « Polscy uchodźcy na Węgrzech w latach 1939–1945 »\">(pl)</span></a><link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Catégorie:Article_contenant_un_appel_à_traduction_en_polonais\"/></span></li></ul></li>\n<li><span typeof=\"mw:File\"><a href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Italy_(1861-1946)_crowned.svg\" class=\"mw-file-description\"><img resource=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Italy_(1861-1946)_crowned.svg\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg/20px-Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg.png?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg/40px-Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg.png?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" data-file-width=\"1500\" data-file-height=\"1000\" data-file-type=\"drawing\" height=\"10\" width=\"15\" class=\"mw-file-element\"/></a></span> <b>Italie</b>\n<ul><li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecole_militaire_polonaise?action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" title=\"Ecole militaire polonaise (page inexistante)\" class=\"new\" typeof=\"mw:LocalizedAttrs\" data-mw-i18n='{\"title\":{\"lang\":\"x-page\",\"key\":\"red-link-title\",\"params\":[\"Ecole militaire polonaise\"]}}'>École militaire polonaise</a> <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink/Interwiki\" href=\"https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polska%20Szkoła%20Wojskowa\" title=\"pl:Polska Szkoła Wojskowa\" class=\"extiw\"><span class=\"indicateur-langue\" title=\"Article en polonais : « Polska Szkoła Wojskowa »\">(pl)</span></a><link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Catégorie:Article_contenant_un_appel_à_traduction_en_polonais\"/></span></li></ul></li>\n<li><span typeof=\"mw:File\"><a href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fichier:Emoji_u1f30e.svg\" class=\"mw-file-description\"><img resource=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fichier:Emoji_u1f30e.svg\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Emoji_u1f30e.svg/20px-Emoji_u1f30e.svg.png?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Emoji_u1f30e.svg/40px-Emoji_u1f30e.svg.png?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" data-file-width=\"128\" data-file-height=\"128\" data-file-type=\"drawing\" height=\"12\" width=\"12\" class=\"mw-file-element\"/></a></span> <b>Outre-mer</b>\n<ul><li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ligue_maritime_et_coloniale_polonaise\" title=\"Ligue maritime et coloniale polonaise\">Ligue maritime et coloniale</a></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morska_Wola\" title=\"Morska Wola\">Morska Wola</a></span></li></ul></li>\n<li><span typeof=\"mw:File\"><a href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_(3-5).svg\" class=\"mw-file-description\"><img resource=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_(3-5).svg\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" data-file-width=\"1000\" data-file-height=\"600\" data-file-type=\"drawing\" height=\"9\" width=\"15\" class=\"mw-file-element\"/></a></span> <b>Royaume-Uni</b>\n<ul><li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corps_polonais_de_formation_et_de_déploiement\" title=\"Corps polonais de formation et de déploiement\">Corps polonais de formation et de déploiement</a></li></ul></li>\n<li><span typeof=\"mw:File\"><a href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Russia.svg\" class=\"mw-file-description\"><img resource=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Russia.svg\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/20px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" data-file-width=\"900\" data-file-height=\"600\" data-file-type=\"drawing\" height=\"10\" width=\"15\" class=\"mw-file-element\"/></a></span> <span typeof=\"mw:File\"><a href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg\" class=\"mw-file-description\"><img resource=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" data-file-width=\"1200\" data-file-height=\"600\" data-file-type=\"drawing\" height=\"8\" width=\"15\" class=\"mw-file-element\"/></a></span> <b>Russie et URSS</b>\n<ul><li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polonais_en_Union_soviétique\" title=\"Polonais en Union soviétique\">Polonais en Union soviétique</a></span>\n<ul><li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/District_national_polonais\" title=\"District national polonais\">District national polonais</a></span></li></ul></li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sybirak\" title=\"Sybirak\">Sybirak</a></span>\n<ul><li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cathédrale_du_Sacré-Cœur_de_Tachkent\" title=\"Cathédrale du Sacré-Cœur de Tachkent\">Cathédrale du Sacré-Cœur de Tachkent</a></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Église_de_la_Transfiguration_(Krasnoïarsk)\" title=\"Église de la Transfiguration (Krasnoïarsk)\">Église de la Transfiguration (Krasnoïarsk)</a></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamychenka\" title=\"Kamychenka\">Kamychenka</a></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verchina_(raïon_de_Bokhan)\" title=\"Verchina (raïon de Bokhan)\">Verchina</a></span></li></ul></li></ul></li>\n<li><span typeof=\"mw:File\"><a href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Switzerland_(Pantone).svg\" class=\"mw-file-description\"><img resource=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Switzerland_(Pantone).svg\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" data-file-width=\"512\" data-file-height=\"512\" data-file-type=\"drawing\" height=\"12\" width=\"12\" class=\"mw-file-element\"/></a></span> <b>Suisse</b>\n<ul><li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musée_polonais_de_Rapperswil\" title=\"Musée polonais de Rapperswil\">Musée polonais de Rapperswil</a></span></li></ul></li></ul>\n</div></td>\n</tr> <tr>\n<th class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"text-align:left;\">Représentants éminents</th>\n<td class=\"navbox-list\" style=\" \"><div class=\"liste-horizontale \">\n<ul><li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_Mickiewicz\" title=\"Adam Mickiewicz\">Adam Mickiewicz</a></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexandre_Chodzko\" title=\"Alexandre Chodzko\">Alexandre Chodzko</a></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexandre_Kucharski\" title=\"Alexandre Kucharski\">Alexandre Kucharski</a></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Kowalski\" title=\"Alfred Kowalski\">Alfred Kowalski</a></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andreï_Vychinski\" title=\"Andreï Vychinski\">Andreï Vychinski</a></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna_Tyszkiewicz\" title=\"Anna Tyszkiewicz\">Anna Tyszkiewicz</a></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casimir_Pierre_Zaleski\" title=\"Casimir Pierre Zaleski\">Casimir Pierre Zaleski</a></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catherine_Opalinska\" title=\"Catherine Opalinska\">Catherine Opalinska</a></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyprian_Kamil_Norwid\" title=\"Cyprian Kamil Norwid\">Cyprian Norwid</a></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ed_Paschke\" title=\"Ed Paschke\">Ed Paschke</a></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Gierek\" title=\"Edward Gierek\">Edward Gierek</a></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ewelina_Hańska\" title=\"Ewelina Hańska\">Ewelina Hańska</a></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feliks_Sobanski\" title=\"Feliks Sobanski\">Feliks Sobanski</a></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/François_Maximilien_Ossolinski\" title=\"François Maximilien Ossolinski\">François Maximilien Ossolinski</a></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frédéric_Chopin\" title=\"Frédéric Chopin\">Frédéric Chopin</a></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henryk_Dembiński\" title=\"Henryk Dembiński\">Henryk Dembiński</a></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignacy_Paderewski\" title=\"Ignacy Paderewski\">Ignacy Paderewski</a></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jan_Dembowski\" title=\"Jan Dembowski\">Jan Dembowski</a></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joachim_Lelewel\" title=\"Joachim Lelewel\">Joachim Lelewel</a></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Szermentowski\" title=\"Joseph Szermentowski\">Joseph Szermentowski</a></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Józef_Andrzej_Załuski\" title=\"Józef Andrzej Załuski\">Józef Andrzej Załuski</a></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Józef_Ignacy_Kraszewski\" title=\"Józef Ignacy Kraszewski\">Józef Ignacy Kraszewski</a></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Józef_Wysocki\" title=\"Józef Wysocki\">Józef Wysocki</a></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julien_Ursin_Niemcewicz\" title=\"Julien Ursin Niemcewicz\">Julien Ursin Niemcewicz</a></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juliusz_Słowacki\" title=\"Juliusz Słowacki\">Juliusz Słowacki</a></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karol_Kniaziewicz\" title=\"Karol Kniaziewicz\">Karol Kniaziewicz</a></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karol_Sienkiewicz\" title=\"Karol Sienkiewicz\">Karol Sienkiewicz</a></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ksawery_Branicki\" title=\"Ksawery Branicki\">Ksawery Branicki</a></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonard_Chodźko\" title=\"Leonard Chodźko\">Leonard Chodźko</a></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maciej_Sulkiewicz\" title=\"Maciej Sulkiewicz\">Maciej Sulkiewicz</a></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Curie\" class=\"mw-selflink selflink\">Marie Curie</a></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Leszczynska\" title=\"Marie Leszczynska\">Marie Leszczynska</a></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michel_Chodźko\" title=\"Michel Chodźko\">Michel Chodźko</a></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mstislav_Rostropovitch\" title=\"Mstislav Rostropovitch\">Mstislav Rostropovitch</a></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Octave_Klaba\" title=\"Octave Klaba\">Octave Klaba</a></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_Polanski\" title=\"Roman Polanski\">Roman Polanski</a></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanislas_Leszczynski\" title=\"Stanislas Leszczynski\">Stanislas Leszczynski</a></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamara_de_Lempicka\" title=\"Tamara de Lempicka\">Tamara de Lempicka</a></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xavier_Branicki\" title=\"Xavier Branicki\">Xavier Branicki</a></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zbigniew_Brzeziński\" title=\"Zbigniew Brzeziński\">Zbigniew Brzeziński</a></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zofia_Węgierska\" title=\"Zofia Węgierska\">Zofia Węgierska</a></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zygmunt_Krasiński\" title=\"Zygmunt Krasiński\">Zygmunt Krasiński</a></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zygmunt_Lubicz-Zaleski\" title=\"Zygmunt Lubicz-Zaleski\">Zygmunt Lubicz-Zaleski</a></span></li></ul>\n</div></td>\n</tr> <tr>\n<th class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"text-align:left;\">Sujets liés</th>\n<td class=\"navbox-list navbox-even\" style=\" \"><div class=\"liste-horizontale \">\n<ul><li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Réfugiés_polonais_en_Afrique_pendant_la_Seconde_Guerre_mondiale\" title=\"Réfugiés polonais en Afrique pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale\">Évacuation des civils polonais d'URSS durant la Seconde guerre mondiale</a></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expulsions_collectives_de_Polonais\" title=\"Expulsions collectives de Polonais\">Expulsions collectives de Polonais</a></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institut_Adam-Mickiewicz\" title=\"Institut Adam-Mickiewicz\">Institut Adam-Mickiewicz</a></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institut_polonais\" title=\"Institut polonais\">Institut polonais</a></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plombier_polonais\" title=\"Plombier polonais\">Plombier polonais</a></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tentatives_polonaises_d'obtenir_des_colonies\" title=\"Tentatives polonaises d'obtenir des colonies\">Tentatives polonaises d'obtenir des colonies</a></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zone_d'occupation_polonaise_en_Allemagne\" title=\"Zone d'occupation polonaise en Allemagne\">Zone d'occupation polonaise en Allemagne</a></span></li></ul>\n</div></td>\n</tr>                         </tbody></table>\n<table class=\"navbox collapsible noprint autocollapse \" style=\" \">\n<tbody><tr><th class=\"navbox-title\" colspan=\"2\" style=\"\"><div style=\"float:left; width:6em; text-align:left\"><div class=\"noprint plainlinks nowrap tnavbar\" style=\"padding:0; font-size:xx-small; color:var(--color-emphasized, #000000); \"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modèle:Palette_Savants_de_la_tour_Eiffel\" title=\"Modèle:Palette Savants de la tour Eiffel\"><abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"Voir ce modèle.\">v</abbr></a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span>· <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mod%C3%A8le:Palette_Savants_de_la_tour_Eiffel&amp;action=edit\" class=\"external text\" data-mw-original-href=\"//fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mod%C3%A8le:Palette_Savants_de_la_tour_Eiffel&amp;action=edit\"><abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"Modifier ce modèle. Merci de prévisualiser avant de sauvegarder.\">m</abbr></a></div></div><div style=\"font-size:110%\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Savants_dont_le_nom_est_inscrit_sur_la_tour_Eiffel\" title=\"Savants dont le nom est inscrit sur la tour Eiffel\">Savants dont le nom est inscrit sur la tour Eiffel</a></div></th>\n</tr>  <tr>\n<th class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:100px;\">Hommes<br/><small>(1889)</small></th>\n<td class=\"navbox-list\" style=\" \"><table class=\"navbox-subgroup\" style=\"\">\n\n<tbody><tr>\n<th class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:100px;\">Initiative</th>\n<td class=\"navbox-list\" style=\";\"><div class=\"liste-horizontale \">\n<ul><li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustave_Eiffel\" title=\"Gustave Eiffel\">Gustave Eiffel</a></li></ul>\n</div></td>\n</tr> <tr>\n<th class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:100px;\">Liste</th>\n<td class=\"navbox-list navbox-even\" style=\";\"><div class=\"liste-horizontale \">\n<ul><li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/André-Marie_Ampère\" title=\"André-Marie Ampère\">Ampère</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/François_Arago\" title=\"François Arago\">Arago</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Augustin_Barral\" title=\"Jean-Augustin Barral\">Barral</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antoine_Becquerel\" title=\"Antoine Becquerel\">Becquerel</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Charles_Joseph_Bélanger\" title=\"Jean-Baptiste Charles Joseph Bélanger\">Bélanger</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eugène_Belgrand\" title=\"Eugène Belgrand\">Belgrand</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_Berthier\" title=\"Pierre Berthier\">Berthier</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xavier_Bichat\" title=\"Xavier Bichat\">Bichat</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Charles_de_Borda\" title=\"Jean-Charles de Borda\">Borda</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Clément_François_Breguet\" title=\"Louis Clément François Breguet\">Breguet</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_Antoine_Charles_Bresse\" title=\"Jacques Antoine Charles Bresse\">Bresse</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Broca\" title=\"Paul Broca\">Broca</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-François_Cail\" title=\"Jean-François Cail\">Cail</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lazare_Carnot\" title=\"Lazare Carnot\">Carnot</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augustin_Louis_Cauchy\" title=\"Augustin Louis Cauchy\">Cauchy</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Antoine_Chaptal\" title=\"Jean-Antoine Chaptal\">Chaptal</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michel_Chasles\" title=\"Michel Chasles\">Chasles</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michel-Eugène_Chevreul\" title=\"Michel-Eugène Chevreul\">Chevreul</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Émile_Clapeyron\" title=\"Émile Clapeyron\">Clapeyron</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Combes\" title=\"Charles Combes\">Combes</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaspard-Gustave_de_Coriolis\" title=\"Gaspard-Gustave de Coriolis\">Coriolis</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles-Augustin_Coulomb\" title=\"Charles-Augustin Coulomb\">Coulomb</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georges_Cuvier\" title=\"Georges Cuvier\">Cuvier</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Daguerre\" title=\"Louis Daguerre\">Daguerre</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Joseph_Delambre\" title=\"Jean-Baptiste Joseph Delambre\">Delambre</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles-Eugène_Delaunay\" title=\"Charles-Eugène Delaunay\">Delaunay</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henri_de_Dion\" title=\"Henri de Dion\">de Dion</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_Louis_Dulong\" title=\"Pierre Louis Dulong\">Dulong</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Dumas_(chimiste)\" title=\"Jean-Baptiste Dumas (chimiste)\">Dumas</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques-Joseph_Ebelmen\" title=\"Jacques-Joseph Ebelmen\">Ebelmen</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hippolyte_Fizeau\" title=\"Hippolyte Fizeau\">Fizeau</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eugène_Flachat\" title=\"Eugène Flachat\">Flachat</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Léon_Foucault\" title=\"Léon Foucault\">Foucault</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Fourier\" title=\"Joseph Fourier\">Fourier</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augustin_Fresnel\" title=\"Augustin Fresnel\">Fresnel</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Joseph_Gay-Lussac\" title=\"Louis Joseph Gay-Lussac\">Gay-Lussac</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henri_Giffard\" title=\"Henri Giffard\">Giffard</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernest_Goüin\" title=\"Ernest Goüin\">Goüin</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/René_Just_Haüy\" title=\"René Just Haüy\">Haüy</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jules_Jamin\" title=\"Jules Jamin\">Jamin</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Didier_Jousselin\" title=\"Louis Didier Jousselin\">Jousselin</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph-Louis_Lagrange\" title=\"Joseph-Louis Lagrange\">Lagrange</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Jérôme_Lefrançois_de_Lalande\" title=\"Joseph Jérôme Lefrançois de Lalande\">Lalande</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabriel_Lamé\" title=\"Gabriel Lamé\">Lamé</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre-Simon_de_Laplace\" title=\"Pierre-Simon de Laplace\">Laplace</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antoine_Lavoisier\" title=\"Antoine Lavoisier\">Lavoisier</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Le_Chatelier\" title=\"Louis Le Chatelier\">Le Chatelier</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adrien-Marie_Legendre\" title=\"Adrien-Marie Legendre\">Legendre</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urbain_Le_Verrier\" title=\"Urbain Le Verrier\">Le Verrier</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Étienne_Louis_Malus\" title=\"Étienne Louis Malus\">Malus</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaspard_Monge\" title=\"Gaspard Monge\">Monge</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_Morin\" title=\"Arthur Morin\">Morin</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henri_Navier\" title=\"Henri Navier\">Navier</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jules_Pelouze\" title=\"Jules Pelouze\">Pelouze</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auguste_Perdonnet\" title=\"Auguste Perdonnet\">Perdonnet</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/François_Perrier_(général)\" title=\"François Perrier (général)\">Perrier</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jules_Petiet\" title=\"Jules Petiet\">Petiet</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Poinsot\" title=\"Louis Poinsot\">Poinsot</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siméon_Denis_Poisson\" title=\"Siméon Denis Poisson\">Poisson</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camille_Polonceau\" title=\"Camille Polonceau\">Polonceau</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Victor_Poncelet\" title=\"Jean-Victor Poncelet\">Poncelet</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaspard_de_Prony\" title=\"Gaspard de Prony\">de Prony</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victor_Regnault\" title=\"Victor Regnault\">Regnault</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frédéric_Sauvage\" title=\"Frédéric Sauvage\">Sauvage</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eugène_Ier_Schneider\" title=\"Eugène Ier Schneider\">Schneider</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marc_Seguin\" title=\"Marc Seguin\">Seguin</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Sturm\" title=\"Charles Sturm\">Sturm</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Jacques_Thénard\" title=\"Louis Jacques Thénard\">Thénard</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henri_Tresca\" title=\"Henri Tresca\">Tresca</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_Triger\" title=\"Jacques Triger\">Triger</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Vicat\" title=\"Louis Vicat\">Vicat</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adolphe_Wurtz\" title=\"Adolphe Wurtz\">Wurtz</a></li></ul>\n</div></td>\n</tr>                            \n\n</tbody></table></td>\n\n</tr> <tr>\n<th class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:100px;\">Femmes<br/><small>(prévu pour 2027)</small></th>\n<td class=\"navbox-list navbox-even\" style=\" \"><table class=\"navbox-subgroup\" style=\"\">\n\n<tbody><tr>\n<th class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:100px;\">Initiative</th>\n<td class=\"navbox-list\" style=\";\"><div class=\"liste-horizontale \">\n<ul><li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Femmes_et_sciences\" title=\"Femmes et sciences\">Femmes et sciences</a>\n<ul><li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isabelle_Vauglin\" title=\"Isabelle Vauglin\">Isabelle Vauglin</a></li>\n<li>Françoise Conan <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink/Interwiki\" href=\"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80166066\" title=\"d:Q80166066\" class=\"extiw\"><span class=\"indicateur-langue\" title=\"Article sur Wikidata : « Q80166066 »\">(d)</span></a></li></ul></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anne_Hidalgo\" title=\"Anne Hidalgo\">Anne Hidalgo</a></li></ul>\n</div></td>\n</tr> <tr>\n<th class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:100px;\">Commission</th>\n<td class=\"navbox-list navbox-even\" style=\";\"><div class=\"liste-horizontale \">\n<ul><li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isabelle_Vauglin\" title=\"Isabelle Vauglin\">Vauglin</a></li>\n<li><abbr class=\"abbr \" title=\"Jean-François Martins\">Martins</abbr></li>\n<li><abbr class=\"abbr \" title=\"Olivier Berthelot-Eiffel\">Berthelot-Eiffel</abbr></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacqueline_Bloch\" title=\"Jacqueline Bloch\">Bloch</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michel_Carmona\" title=\"Michel Carmona\">Carmona</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Françoise_Combes\" title=\"Françoise Combes\">Combes</a></li>\n<li><abbr class=\"abbr \" title=\"Marie-Hélène Didier\">Didier</abbr></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre-Antoine_Gatier\" title=\"Pierre-Antoine Gatier\">Gatier</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aurélie_Filippetti\" title=\"Aurélie Filippetti\">Filippetti</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-François_Legaret\" title=\"Jean-François Legaret\">Legaret</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bertrand_Lemoine\" title=\"Bertrand Lemoine\">Lemoine</a></li>\n<li>Marticorena <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink/Interwiki\" href=\"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126183029\" title=\"d:Q126183029\" class=\"extiw\"><span class=\"indicateur-langue\" title=\"Article sur Wikidata : « Q126183029 »\">(d)</span></a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valérie_Masson-Delmotte\" title=\"Valérie Masson-Delmotte\">Masson-Delmotte</a></li>\n<li><abbr class=\"abbr \" title=\"Frédéric Masviel\">Masviel</abbr></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michelle_Perrot\" title=\"Michelle Perrot\">Perrot</a></li></ul>\n</div></td>\n</tr> <tr>\n<th class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:100px;\">Liste</th>\n<td class=\"navbox-list\" style=\";\"><div class=\"liste-horizontale \">\n<ul><li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denise_Albe-Fessard\" title=\"Denise Albe-Fessard\">Albe-Fessard</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yvette_Amice\" title=\"Yvette Amice\">Amice</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeanne_Barret\" title=\"Jeanne Barret\">Barret</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denise_Barthomeuf\" title=\"Denise Barthomeuf\">Barthomeuf</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madeleine_Brès\" title=\"Madeleine Brès\">Brès</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simonne_Caillère\" title=\"Simonne Caillère\">Caillère</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yvette_Cauchois\" title=\"Yvette Cauchois\">Cauchois</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmée_Chandon\" title=\"Edmée Chandon\">Chandon</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yvonne_Choquet-Bruhat\" title=\"Yvonne Choquet-Bruhat\">Choquet-Bruhat</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marthe_Condat\" title=\"Marthe Condat\">Condat</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anita_Conti\" title=\"Anita Conti\">Conti</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eugénie_Cotton\" title=\"Eugénie Cotton\">Cotton</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angélique_du_Coudray\" title=\"Angélique du Coudray\">du Coudray</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radhia_Cousot\" title=\"Radhia Cousot\">Cousot</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odile_Croissant\" title=\"Odile Croissant\">Croissant</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Curie\" class=\"mw-selflink selflink\">Curie</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augusta_Dejerine-Klumpke\" title=\"Augusta Dejerine-Klumpke\">Dejerine-Klumpke</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henriette_Delamarre_de_Monchaux\" title=\"Henriette Delamarre de Monchaux\">Delamarre de Monchaux</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgette_Délibrias\" title=\"Georgette Délibrias\">Délibrias</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nathalie_Demassieux\" title=\"Nathalie Demassieux\">Demassieux</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cécile_DeWitt-Morette\" title=\"Cécile DeWitt-Morette\">DeWitt-Morette</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rose_Dieng-Kuntz\" title=\"Rose Dieng-Kuntz\">Dieng-Kuntz</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie-Louise_Dubreil-Jacotin\" title=\"Marie-Louise Dubreil-Jacotin\">Dubreil-Jacotin</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacqueline_Ficini\" title=\"Jacqueline Ficini\">Ficini</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosalind_Franklin\" title=\"Rosalind Franklin\">Franklin</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marthe_Gautier\" title=\"Marthe Gautier\">Gautier</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sophie_Germain\" title=\"Sophie Germain\">Germain</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicole_Girard-Mangin\" title=\"Nicole Girard-Mangin\">Girard-Mangin</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marianne_Grunberg-Manago\" title=\"Marianne Grunberg-Manago\">Grunberg-Manago</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeanne_Guiot\" title=\"Jeanne Guiot\">Guiot</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geneviève_Guitel\" title=\"Geneviève Guitel\">Guitel</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sébastienne_Guyot\" title=\"Sébastienne Guyot\">Guyot</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claudine_Hermann\" title=\"Claudine Hermann\">Hermann</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrée_Hoppilliard\" title=\"Andrée Hoppilliard\">Hoppilliard</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irène_Joliot-Curie\" title=\"Irène Joliot-Curie\">Joliot-Curie</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geneviève_Jourdain\" title=\"Geneviève Jourdain\">Jourdain</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anne-Marcelle_Kahn\" title=\"Anne-Marcelle Kahn\">Kahn</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dorothea_Klumpke\" title=\"Dorothea Klumpke\">Klumpke</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lydie_Koch-Miramond\" title=\"Lydie Koch-Miramond\">Koch-Miramond</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colette_Kreder\" title=\"Colette Kreder\">Kreder</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicole_Laroche\" title=\"Nicole Laroche\">Laroche</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yolande_Le_Calvez\" title=\"Yolande Le Calvez\">Le Calvez</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cornélie_Lebon-de_Brambilla\" title=\"Cornélie Lebon-de Brambilla\">Lebon-de Brambilla</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacqueline_Ferrand\" title=\"Jacqueline Ferrand\">Ferrand</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paulette_Libermann\" title=\"Paulette Libermann\">Libermann</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alice_Mathieu-Dubois\" title=\"Alice Mathieu-Dubois\">Mathieu-Dubois</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henriette_Mathieu-Faraggi\" title=\"Henriette Mathieu-Faraggi\">Mathieu-Faraggi</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Édith_Mourier\" title=\"Édith Mourier\">Mourier</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethel_Moustacchi\" title=\"Ethel Moustacchi\">Moustacchi</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suzanne_Noël\" title=\"Suzanne Noël\">Noël</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yvonne_Odic\" title=\"Yvonne Odic\">Odic</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isabelle_Olivieri\" title=\"Isabelle Olivieri\">Olivieri</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie-Louise_Paris\" title=\"Marie-Louise Paris\">Paris</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marguerite_Perey\" title=\"Marguerite Perey\">Perey</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claudine_Picardet\" title=\"Claudine Picardet\">Picardet</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louise_du_Pierry\" title=\"Louise du Pierry\">du Pierry</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alberte_Pullman\" title=\"Alberte Pullman\">Pullman</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pauline_Ramart\" title=\"Pauline Ramart\">Ramart</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucie_Randoin\" title=\"Lucie Randoin\">Randoin</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alice_Recoque\" title=\"Alice Recoque\">Recoque</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michelle_Schatzman\" title=\"Michelle Schatzman\">Schatzman</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie-Hélène_Schwartz\" title=\"Marie-Hélène Schwartz\">Schwartz</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josiane_Serre\" title=\"Josiane Serre\">Serre</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hélène_Sparrow\" title=\"Hélène Sparrow\">Sparrow</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bianca_Tchoubar\" title=\"Bianca Tchoubar\">Tchoubar</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie-Antoinette_Tonnelat\" title=\"Marie-Antoinette Tonnelat\">Tonnelat</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thérèse_Tréfouël\" title=\"Thérèse Tréfouël\">Tréfouël</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ágnes_Ullmann\" title=\"Ágnes Ullmann\">Ullmann</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arlette_Vassy\" title=\"Arlette Vassy\">Vassy</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suzanne_Veil\" title=\"Suzanne Veil\">Veil</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeanne_Villepreux-Power\" title=\"Jeanne Villepreux-Power\">Villepreux-Power</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiko_Yuasa\" title=\"Toshiko Yuasa\">Yuasa</a></li></ul>\n</div></td>\n</tr> <tr>\n<th class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:100px;\">Articles connexes</th>\n<td class=\"navbox-list navbox-even\" style=\";\"><div class=\"liste-horizontale \">\n<ul><li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Effet_Matilda\" title=\"Effet Matilda\">Effet Matilda</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liste_de_femmes_scientifiques\" title=\"Liste de femmes scientifiques\">Liste de femmes scientifiques</a>\n<ul><li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liste_de_femmes_astronomes\" title=\"Liste de femmes astronomes\">astronomes</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liste_de_femmes_géographes\" title=\"Liste de femmes géographes\">géographes</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liste_de_mathématiciennes\" title=\"Liste de mathématiciennes\">mathématiciennes</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liste_de_femmes_paléontologues\" title=\"Liste de femmes paléontologues\">paléontologues</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liste_de_statisticiennes\" title=\"Liste de statisticiennes\">statisticiennes</a></li></ul></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Place_des_femmes_en_sciences\" title=\"Place des femmes en sciences\">Place des femmes en sciences</a>\n<ul><li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Place_des_femmes_en_astronomie\" title=\"Place des femmes en astronomie\">astronomie</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Place_des_femmes_en_ingénierie\" title=\"Place des femmes en ingénierie\">ingénierie</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Place_des_femmes_en_médecine\" title=\"Place des femmes en médecine\">médecine</a></li></ul></li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chronologie_de_la_place_des_femmes_dans_les_sciences\" title=\"Chronologie de la place des femmes dans les sciences\">Chronologie de la place des femmes dans les sciences</a>\n<ul><li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chronologie_de_la_place_des_femmes_dans_les_sciences_en_France\" title=\"Chronologie de la place des femmes dans les sciences en France\">en France</a></li></ul></li></ul>\n</div></td>\n</tr>                          \n\n</tbody></table></td>\n</tr>                             </tbody></table>\n</div>\n<ul id=\"bandeau-portail\" class=\"bandeau-portail\" about=\"#mwt299\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"Portail\",\"href\":\"./Modèle:Portail\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"physique\"},\"2\":{\"wt\":\"chimie\"},\"3\":{\"wt\":\"femmes\"},\"4\":{\"wt\":\"prix Nobel\"},\"5\":{\"wt\":\"Histoire des sciences\"},\"6\":{\"wt\":\"Varsovie\"},\"7\":{\"wt\":\"France\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'><li><span class=\"bandeau-portail-element\"><span class=\"bandeau-portail-icone\"><span class=\"noviewer\" typeof=\"mw:File\" data-mw='{\"caption\":\"Portail de la physique\"}'><a href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portail:Physique\" title=\"Portail de la physique\"><img resource=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fichier:Circle-icons-physics-logo.svg\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Circle-icons-physics-logo.svg/40px-Circle-icons-physics-logo.svg.png?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Circle-icons-physics-logo.svg/60px-Circle-icons-physics-logo.svg.png?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" alt=\"icône décorative\" data-file-width=\"512\" data-file-height=\"512\" data-file-type=\"drawing\" height=\"24\" width=\"24\" class=\"mw-file-element\"/></a></span></span> <span class=\"bandeau-portail-texte\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portail:Physique\" title=\"Portail:Physique\">Portail de la physique</a></span> </span></li><link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Catégorie:Portail:Physique/Articles_liés\"/><link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Catégorie:Portail:Physique/Articles_liés\"/><link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Catégorie:Portail:Sciences/Articles_liés\"/> <li><span class=\"bandeau-portail-element\"><span class=\"bandeau-portail-icone\"><span class=\"noviewer\" typeof=\"mw:File\" data-mw='{\"caption\":\"Portail de la chimie\"}'><a href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portail:Chimie\" title=\"Portail de la chimie\"><img resource=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fichier:Nuvola_apps_edu_science.svg\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Nuvola_apps_edu_science.svg/40px-Nuvola_apps_edu_science.svg.png?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Nuvola_apps_edu_science.svg/60px-Nuvola_apps_edu_science.svg.png?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" alt=\"icône décorative\" data-file-width=\"128\" data-file-height=\"128\" data-file-type=\"drawing\" height=\"24\" width=\"24\" class=\"mw-file-element\"/></a></span></span> <span class=\"bandeau-portail-texte\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portail:Chimie\" title=\"Portail:Chimie\">Portail de la chimie</a></span> </span></li><link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Catégorie:Portail:Chimie/Articles_liés\"/><link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Catégorie:Portail:Chimie/Articles_liés\"/><link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Catégorie:Portail:Sciences/Articles_liés\"/> <li><span class=\"bandeau-portail-element\"><span class=\"bandeau-portail-icone\"><span class=\"noviewer\" typeof=\"mw:File\" data-mw='{\"caption\":\"Portail des femmes et du féminisme\"}'><a href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portail:Femmes\" title=\"Portail des femmes et du féminisme\"><img resource=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fichier:Pink_Venus_symbol.svg\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Venus_symbol_%28heavy_pink%29.svg/40px-Venus_symbol_%28heavy_pink%29.svg.png?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Venus_symbol_%28heavy_pink%29.svg/60px-Venus_symbol_%28heavy_pink%29.svg.png?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" alt=\"icône décorative\" data-file-width=\"16\" data-file-height=\"16\" data-file-type=\"drawing\" height=\"24\" width=\"24\" class=\"mw-file-element\"/></a></span></span> <span class=\"bandeau-portail-texte\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portail:Femmes\" title=\"Portail:Femmes\">Portail des femmes et du féminisme</a></span> </span></li><link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Catégorie:Portail:Femmes/Articles_liés\"/><link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" 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href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portail:Prix_Nobel\" title=\"Portail:Prix Nobel\">Portail du prix Nobel</a></span> </span></li><link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Catégorie:Portail:Prix_Nobel/Articles_liés\"/> <li><span class=\"bandeau-portail-element\"><span class=\"bandeau-portail-icone\"><span class=\"noviewer\" typeof=\"mw:File\" data-mw='{\"caption\":\"Portail de l’histoire des sciences\"}'><a href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portail:Histoire_des_sciences\" title=\"Portail de l’histoire des sciences\"><img resource=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fichier:Science_history_icon.svg\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Science_history_icon.svg/40px-Science_history_icon.svg.png?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" 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href=\"./Catégorie:Portail:Europe/Articles_liés\"/>              </ul><link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Catégorie:Article_de_qualité_en_persan\" about=\"#mwt299\"/><link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Catégorie:Bon_article_en_japonais\" about=\"#mwt299\"/><link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Catégorie:Bon_article_en_finnois\" about=\"#mwt299\"/><link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Catégorie:Bon_article_en_anglais\" about=\"#mwt299\"/><link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Catégorie:Bon_article_en_vietnamien\" about=\"#mwt299\"/><link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Catégorie:Bon_article_en_arabe\" about=\"#mwt299\"/><link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Catégorie:Article_de_qualité_en_allemand\" about=\"#mwt299\"/><link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Catégorie:Article_de_qualité_en_basque\" about=\"#mwt299\"/><link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Catégorie:Bon_article_en_russe\" about=\"#mwt299\"/><link 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id=\"mwCYQ\"/>\n<link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Catégorie:Famille_Curie\" id=\"mwCYU\"/>\n<link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Catégorie:Marie_Curie#%20\" id=\"mwCYY\"/>\n<link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Catégorie:Éponyme_d'un_objet_céleste\" id=\"mwCYc\"/>\n<link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Catégorie:Mort_d'un_cancer_en_France\" id=\"mwCYg\"/>\n<link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Catégorie:Mort_d'une_leucémie\" id=\"mwCYk\"/>\n<link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Catégorie:Mort_par_irradiation\" id=\"mwCYo\"/>\n<link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Catégorie:Inventeur_tué_par_sa_propre_invention\" id=\"mwCYs\"/>\n<link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Catégorie:Naissance_à_Varsovie_au_XIXe_siècle\" id=\"mwCYw\"/>\n<link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Catégorie:Naissance_dans_le_gouvernement_de_Varsovie\" id=\"mwCY0\"/>\n<link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Catégorie:Naissance_en_novembre_1867\" id=\"mwCY4\"/>\n<link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Catégorie:Décès_en_juillet_1934\" id=\"mwCY8\"/>\n<link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Catégorie:Décès_à_Passy_(Haute-Savoie)\" id=\"mwCZA\"/>\n<link rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" href=\"./Catégorie:Décès_à_66_ans\" id=\"mwCZE\"/></section></section>\n<!-- \nNewPP limit report\nParsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐d897fd7c9‐pj8qs\nCached time: 20261002201334\nCache expiry: 2592000\nReduced expiry: false\nComplications: [show‐toc, use‐parsoid]\nCPU time usage: 1.672 seconds\nReal time usage: 2.162 seconds\nPreprocessor visited node count: 9079/1000000\nRevision size: 85968/2097152 bytes\nPost‐expand include size: 710497/2097152 bytes\nTemplate argument size: 205766/2097152 bytes\nHighest expansion depth: 17/100\nExpensive parser function count: 24/500\nUnstrip recursion depth: 0/20\nUnstrip post‐expand size: 3228/5000000 bytes\nLua time usage: 0.331/10.000 seconds\nLua memory usage: 13030034/52428800 bytes\nNumber of Wikibase 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Rendering was triggered because: page_view\n -->\n\n<!-- Parsoid 0.24.0.0-alpha25 -->\n</div><!--\nPost‐processing cache key frwiki:postproc‐parsoid‐pcache:4493780:|#|:idhash:enableSectionEditLinks=0!injectTOC=0!postproc=1!skin=vector‐2022!useParsoid=1, generated at 20261002201334\n--><noscript><img src=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&amp;type=1x1&amp;usesul3=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" style=\"border: none; position: absolute;\"></noscript>\n<div class=\"printfooter\" data-nosnippet=\"\">Ce document provient de «&#160;<a dir=\"ltr\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Marie_Curie&amp;oldid=239714602\">https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Marie_Curie&amp;oldid=239714602</a>&#160;».</div></div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"catlinks\" class=\"catlinks\" data-mw-interface=\"\"><div id=\"mw-normal-catlinks\" class=\"mw-normal-catlinks\"><a href=\"/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Accueil\" title=\"Catégorie:Accueil\">Catégories</a> : <ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Chimiste_fran%C3%A7ais_du_XIXe_si%C3%A8cle\" title=\"Catégorie:Chimiste français du XIXe siècle\">Chimiste français du XIXe siècle</a></li><li><a href=\"/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Chimiste_fran%C3%A7ais_du_XXe_si%C3%A8cle\" title=\"Catégorie:Chimiste français du XXe siècle\">Chimiste français du XXe siècle</a></li><li><a href=\"/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Chimiste_polonais_du_XIXe_si%C3%A8cle\" title=\"Catégorie:Chimiste polonais du XIXe siècle\">Chimiste polonais du XIXe siècle</a></li><li><a href=\"/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Chimiste_polonais_du_XXe_si%C3%A8cle\" title=\"Catégorie:Chimiste polonais du XXe siècle\">Chimiste polonais du XXe siècle</a></li><li><a href=\"/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Femme_chimiste\" title=\"Catégorie:Femme chimiste\">Femme chimiste</a></li><li><a href=\"/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Physicien_fran%C3%A7ais_du_XIXe_si%C3%A8cle\" title=\"Catégorie:Physicien français du XIXe siècle\">Physicien français du XIXe siècle</a></li><li><a href=\"/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Physicien_fran%C3%A7ais_du_XXe_si%C3%A8cle\" title=\"Catégorie:Physicien français du XXe siècle\">Physicien français du XXe siècle</a></li><li><a href=\"/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Physicien_polonais_du_XIXe_si%C3%A8cle\" title=\"Catégorie:Physicien polonais du XIXe siècle\">Physicien polonais du XIXe siècle</a></li><li><a href=\"/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Physicien_polonais_du_XXe_si%C3%A8cle\" title=\"Catégorie:Physicien polonais du XXe siècle\">Physicien polonais du XXe siècle</a></li><li><a href=\"/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Physicienne_fran%C3%A7aise\" title=\"Catégorie:Physicienne française\">Physicienne française</a></li><li><a href=\"/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Physicienne_polonaise\" title=\"Catégorie:Physicienne polonaise\">Physicienne polonaise</a></li><li><a href=\"/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Inventeur_polonais_du_XIXe_si%C3%A8cle\" title=\"Catégorie:Inventeur polonais du XIXe siècle\">Inventeur polonais du XIXe siècle</a></li><li><a href=\"/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Inventeur_polonais_du_XXe_si%C3%A8cle\" title=\"Catégorie:Inventeur polonais du XXe siècle\">Inventeur polonais du XXe siècle</a></li><li><a href=\"/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Inventeur_fran%C3%A7ais_du_XIXe_si%C3%A8cle\" title=\"Catégorie:Inventeur français du XIXe siècle\">Inventeur français du XIXe siècle</a></li><li><a href=\"/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Inventeur_fran%C3%A7ais_du_XXe_si%C3%A8cle\" title=\"Catégorie:Inventeur français du XXe siècle\">Inventeur français du XXe siècle</a></li><li><a href=\"/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Universitaire_polonais_du_XXe_si%C3%A8cle\" title=\"Catégorie:Universitaire polonais du XXe siècle\">Universitaire polonais du XXe siècle</a></li><li><a href=\"/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Universitaire_fran%C3%A7aise_du_XIXe_si%C3%A8cle\" title=\"Catégorie:Universitaire française du XIXe siècle\">Universitaire française du XIXe siècle</a></li><li><a href=\"/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Universitaire_fran%C3%A7aise_du_XXe_si%C3%A8cle\" title=\"Catégorie:Universitaire française du XXe siècle\">Universitaire française du XXe siècle</a></li><li><a href=\"/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Professeur_%C3%A0_la_facult%C3%A9_des_sciences_de_Paris\" title=\"Catégorie:Professeur à la faculté des sciences de Paris\">Professeur à la faculté des sciences de Paris</a></li><li><a href=\"/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Enseignant_%C3%A0_l%27%C3%89cole_normale_sup%C3%A9rieure_de_jeunes_filles\" title=\"Catégorie:Enseignant à l&#039;École normale supérieure de jeunes filles\">Enseignant à l&#039;École normale supérieure de jeunes filles</a></li><li><a href=\"/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Laur%C3%A9at_du_prix_Nobel_de_chimie\" title=\"Catégorie:Lauréat du prix Nobel de chimie\">Lauréat du prix Nobel de chimie</a></li><li><a href=\"/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Laur%C3%A9at_du_prix_Nobel_de_physique\" title=\"Catégorie:Lauréat du prix Nobel de physique\">Lauréat du prix Nobel de physique</a></li><li><a href=\"/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Laur%C3%A9at_polonais_du_prix_Nobel\" title=\"Catégorie:Lauréat polonais du prix Nobel\">Lauréat polonais du prix Nobel</a></li><li><a href=\"/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Laur%C3%A9at_fran%C3%A7ais_du_prix_Nobel\" title=\"Catégorie:Lauréat français du prix Nobel\">Lauréat français du prix Nobel</a></li><li><a href=\"/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Membre_de_l%27Acad%C3%A9mie_des_sciences_de_l%27URSS\" title=\"Catégorie:Membre de l&#039;Académie des sciences de l&#039;URSS\">Membre de l&#039;Académie des sciences de l&#039;URSS</a></li><li><a href=\"/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Membre_de_l%27Acad%C3%A9mie_des_sciences_de_Russie\" title=\"Catégorie:Membre de l&#039;Académie des sciences de Russie\">Membre de l&#039;Académie des sciences de Russie</a></li><li><a href=\"/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Membre_de_l%27Acad%C3%A9mie_nationale_de_m%C3%A9decine\" title=\"Catégorie:Membre de l&#039;Académie nationale de médecine\">Membre de l&#039;Académie nationale de médecine</a></li><li><a href=\"/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Laur%C3%A9at_de_la_m%C3%A9daille_John-Scott\" title=\"Catégorie:Lauréat de la médaille John-Scott\">Lauréat de la médaille John-Scott</a></li><li><a href=\"/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Laur%C3%A9at_de_la_m%C3%A9daille_Davy\" title=\"Catégorie:Lauréat de la médaille Davy\">Lauréat de la médaille Davy</a></li><li><a href=\"/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Docteur_honoris_causa_de_l%27universit%C3%A9_Jagellonne\" title=\"Catégorie:Docteur honoris causa de l&#039;université Jagellonne\">Docteur honoris causa de l&#039;université Jagellonne</a></li><li><a href=\"/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Docteur_honoris_causa_de_l%27Universit%C3%A9_de_Gen%C3%A8ve\" title=\"Catégorie:Docteur honoris causa de l&#039;Université de Genève\">Docteur honoris causa de l&#039;Université de Genève</a></li><li><a href=\"/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Docteur_honoris_causa_de_l%27universit%C3%A9_nationale_polytechnique_de_Lviv\" title=\"Catégorie:Docteur honoris causa de l&#039;université nationale polytechnique de Lviv\">Docteur honoris causa de l&#039;université nationale polytechnique de Lviv</a></li><li><a href=\"/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Docteur_%C3%A8s_sciences_de_la_facult%C3%A9_des_sciences_de_Paris\" title=\"Catégorie:Docteur ès sciences de la faculté des sciences de Paris\">Docteur ès sciences de la faculté des sciences de Paris</a></li><li><a href=\"/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Citoyen_d%27honneur_de_Varsovie\" title=\"Catégorie:Citoyen d&#039;honneur de Varsovie\">Citoyen d&#039;honneur de Varsovie</a></li><li><a href=\"/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Pionni%C3%A8re_en_science\" title=\"Catégorie:Pionnière en science\">Pionnière en science</a></li><li><a href=\"/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Scientifique_fran%C3%A7aise\" title=\"Catégorie:Scientifique française\">Scientifique française</a></li><li><a href=\"/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Histoire_du_nucl%C3%A9aire\" title=\"Catégorie:Histoire du nucléaire\">Histoire du nucléaire</a></li><li><a href=\"/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Radioactivit%C3%A9\" title=\"Catégorie:Radioactivité\">Radioactivité</a></li><li><a href=\"/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Relations_entre_la_France_et_la_Pologne\" title=\"Catégorie:Relations entre la France et la Pologne\">Relations entre la France et la Pologne</a></li><li><a href=\"/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Femmes_pendant_la_Premi%C3%A8re_Guerre_mondiale\" title=\"Catégorie:Femmes pendant la Première Guerre mondiale\">Femmes pendant la Première Guerre mondiale</a></li><li><a href=\"/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Universit%C3%A9_Marie_Curie-Sk%C5%82odowska\" title=\"Catégorie:Université Marie Curie-Skłodowska\">Université Marie Curie-Skłodowska</a></li><li><a href=\"/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Chercheur_de_l%27%C3%89cole_sup%C3%A9rieure_de_physique_et_de_chimie_industrielles_de_la_ville_de_Paris\" title=\"Catégorie:Chercheur de l&#039;École supérieure de physique et de chimie industrielles de la ville de Paris\">Chercheur de l&#039;École supérieure de physique et de chimie industrielles de la ville de Paris</a></li><li><a href=\"/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:%C3%89tudiant_de_la_facult%C3%A9_des_sciences_de_Paris\" title=\"Catégorie:Étudiant de la faculté des sciences de Paris\">Étudiant de la faculté des sciences de Paris</a></li><li><a href=\"/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Personnalit%C3%A9_de_la_liste_Portraits_de_France\" title=\"Catégorie:Personnalité de la liste Portraits de France\">Personnalité de la liste Portraits de France</a></li><li><a href=\"/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Hommage_national\" title=\"Catégorie:Hommage national\">Hommage national</a></li><li><a href=\"/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Personnalit%C3%A9_transf%C3%A9r%C3%A9e_au_Panth%C3%A9on_de_Paris\" title=\"Catégorie:Personnalité transférée au Panthéon de Paris\">Personnalité transférée au Panthéon de Paris</a></li><li><a href=\"/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Famille_Curie\" title=\"Catégorie:Famille Curie\">Famille Curie</a></li><li><a href=\"/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Marie_Curie\" title=\"Catégorie:Marie Curie\">Marie Curie</a></li><li><a href=\"/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:%C3%89ponyme_d%27un_objet_c%C3%A9leste\" title=\"Catégorie:Éponyme d&#039;un objet céleste\">Éponyme d&#039;un objet céleste</a></li><li><a href=\"/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Mort_d%27un_cancer_en_France\" title=\"Catégorie:Mort d&#039;un cancer en France\">Mort d&#039;un cancer en France</a></li><li><a href=\"/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Mort_d%27une_leuc%C3%A9mie\" title=\"Catégorie:Mort d&#039;une leucémie\">Mort d&#039;une leucémie</a></li><li><a href=\"/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Mort_par_irradiation\" title=\"Catégorie:Mort par irradiation\">Mort par irradiation</a></li><li><a href=\"/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Inventeur_tu%C3%A9_par_sa_propre_invention\" title=\"Catégorie:Inventeur tué par sa propre invention\">Inventeur tué par sa propre invention</a></li><li><a href=\"/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Naissance_%C3%A0_Varsovie_au_XIXe_si%C3%A8cle\" title=\"Catégorie:Naissance à Varsovie au XIXe siècle\">Naissance à Varsovie au XIXe siècle</a></li><li><a href=\"/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Naissance_dans_le_gouvernement_de_Varsovie\" title=\"Catégorie:Naissance dans le gouvernement de Varsovie\">Naissance dans le gouvernement de Varsovie</a></li><li><a href=\"/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Naissance_en_novembre_1867\" title=\"Catégorie:Naissance en novembre 1867\">Naissance en novembre 1867</a></li><li><a href=\"/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:D%C3%A9c%C3%A8s_en_juillet_1934\" title=\"Catégorie:Décès en juillet 1934\">Décès en juillet 1934</a></li><li><a href=\"/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:D%C3%A9c%C3%A8s_%C3%A0_Passy_(Haute-Savoie)\" title=\"Catégorie:Décès à Passy (Haute-Savoie)\">Décès à Passy (Haute-Savoie)</a></li><li><a href=\"/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:D%C3%A9c%C3%A8s_%C3%A0_66_ans\" title=\"Catégorie:Décès à 66 ans\">Décès à 66 ans</a></li></ul></div><div id=\"mw-hidden-catlinks\" class=\"mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden\">Catégories cachées : <ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Page_en_semi-protection_longue\" title=\"Catégorie:Page en semi-protection longue\">Page en semi-protection longue</a></li><li><a href=\"/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Article_utilisant_une_Infobox\" title=\"Catégorie:Article utilisant une Infobox\">Article utilisant une Infobox</a></li><li><a href=\"/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Page_utilisant_l%27extension_Phonos\" title=\"Catégorie:Page utilisant l&#039;extension Phonos\">Page utilisant l&#039;extension Phonos</a></li><li><a href=\"/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Article_%C3%A0_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence_n%C3%A9cessaire\" title=\"Catégorie:Article à référence nécessaire\">Article à référence nécessaire</a></li><li><a href=\"/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Article_contenant_un_appel_%C3%A0_traduction_en_allemand\" title=\"Catégorie:Article contenant un appel à traduction en allemand\">Article contenant un appel à traduction en allemand</a></li><li><a href=\"/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Cat%C3%A9gorie_Commons_avec_lien_local_diff%C3%A9rent_sur_Wikidata\" title=\"Catégorie:Catégorie Commons avec lien local différent sur Wikidata\">Catégorie Commons avec lien local différent sur Wikidata</a></li><li><a href=\"/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Page_utilisant_P485\" title=\"Catégorie:Page utilisant P485\">Page utilisant P485</a></li><li><a href=\"/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Page_utilisant_P4590\" title=\"Catégorie:Page utilisant P4590\">Page utilisant P4590</a></li><li><a href=\"/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Page_utilisant_P2383\" title=\"Catégorie:Page utilisant P2383\">Page utilisant P2383</a></li><li><a href=\"/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Page_utilisant_P549\" title=\"Catégorie:Page utilisant P549\">Page utilisant P549</a></li><li><a href=\"/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Page_utilisant_P1153\" title=\"Catégorie:Page utilisant P1153\">Page utilisant P1153</a></li><li><a href=\"/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Page_pointant_vers_des_bases_externes\" title=\"Catégorie:Page pointant vers des bases externes\">Page pointant vers des bases externes</a></li><li><a href=\"/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Page_pointant_vers_des_bases_relatives_%C3%A0_la_recherche\" title=\"Catégorie:Page pointant vers des bases relatives à la recherche\">Page pointant vers des bases relatives à la recherche</a></li><li><a href=\"/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Page_utilisant_P4104\" title=\"Catégorie:Page utilisant P4104\">Page utilisant P4104</a></li><li><a href=\"/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Page_utilisant_P1953\" title=\"Catégorie:Page utilisant P1953\">Page utilisant P1953</a></li><li><a href=\"/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Page_utilisant_P434\" title=\"Catégorie:Page utilisant P434\">Page utilisant P434</a></li><li><a href=\"/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Page_pointant_vers_des_bases_relatives_%C3%A0_la_musique\" title=\"Catégorie:Page pointant vers des bases relatives à la musique\">Page pointant vers des bases relatives à la musique</a></li><li><a href=\"/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Page_utilisant_P1711\" title=\"Catégorie:Page utilisant P1711\">Page utilisant P1711</a></li><li><a href=\"/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Page_utilisant_P1816\" title=\"Catégorie:Page utilisant P1816\">Page utilisant P1816</a></li><li><a href=\"/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Page_pointant_vers_des_bases_relatives_aux_beaux-arts\" title=\"Catégorie:Page pointant vers des bases relatives aux beaux-arts\">Page pointant vers des bases relatives aux beaux-arts</a></li><li><a href=\"/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Page_utilisant_P345\" title=\"Catégorie:Page utilisant P345\">Page utilisant P345</a></li><li><a href=\"/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Page_utilisant_P4985\" title=\"Catégorie:Page utilisant P4985\">Page utilisant P4985</a></li><li><a href=\"/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Page_pointant_vers_des_bases_relatives_%C3%A0_l%27audiovisuel\" title=\"Catégorie:Page pointant vers des bases relatives à l&#039;audiovisuel\">Page pointant vers des bases relatives à l&#039;audiovisuel</a></li><li><a href=\"/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Page_utilisant_P5375\" title=\"Catégorie:Page utilisant P5375\">Page utilisant P5375</a></li><li><a href=\"/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Page_pointant_vers_des_bases_relatives_%C3%A0_la_sant%C3%A9\" title=\"Catégorie:Page pointant vers des bases relatives à la santé\">Page pointant vers des bases relatives à la santé</a></li><li><a href=\"/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Page_utilisant_P10780\" title=\"Catégorie:Page utilisant P10780\">Page utilisant P10780</a></li><li><a href=\"/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Page_pointant_vers_des_bases_relatives_%C3%A0_plusieurs_domaines\" title=\"Catégorie:Page pointant vers des bases relatives à plusieurs domaines\">Page pointant vers des bases relatives à plusieurs domaines</a></li><li><a href=\"/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Page_utilisant_P5905\" title=\"Catégorie:Page utilisant P5905\">Page utilisant P5905</a></li><li><a href=\"/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Page_pointant_vers_des_bases_relatives_%C3%A0_la_bande_dessin%C3%A9e\" title=\"Catégorie:Page pointant vers des bases relatives à la bande dessinée\">Page pointant vers des bases relatives à la bande dessinée</a></li><li><a href=\"/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Page_utilisant_P6234\" title=\"Catégorie:Page utilisant P6234\">Page utilisant P6234</a></li><li><a href=\"/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Page_utilisant_P1417\" title=\"Catégorie:Page utilisant P1417\">Page utilisant P1417</a></li><li><a href=\"/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Page_utilisant_P5019\" title=\"Catégorie:Page utilisant P5019\">Page utilisant P5019</a></li><li><a href=\"/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Page_utilisant_P4539\" title=\"Catégorie:Page utilisant P4539\">Page utilisant P4539</a></li><li><a href=\"/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Page_utilisant_P8313\" title=\"Catégorie:Page utilisant P8313\">Page utilisant P8313</a></li><li><a href=\"/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Page_utilisant_P7902\" title=\"Catégorie:Page utilisant P7902\">Page utilisant P7902</a></li><li><a href=\"/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Page_utilisant_P7578\" title=\"Catégorie:Page utilisant P7578\">Page utilisant P7578</a></li><li><a href=\"/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Page_utilisant_P6488\" title=\"Catégorie:Page utilisant P6488\">Page utilisant P6488</a></li><li><a href=\"/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Page_utilisant_P4223\" title=\"Catégorie:Page utilisant P4223\">Page utilisant P4223</a></li><li><a href=\"/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Page_utilisant_P1296\" title=\"Catégorie:Page utilisant P1296\">Page utilisant P1296</a></li><li><a href=\"/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Page_utilisant_P7982\" title=\"Catégorie:Page utilisant P7982\">Page utilisant P7982</a></li><li><a href=\"/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Page_utilisant_P7305\" title=\"Catégorie:Page utilisant P7305\">Page utilisant P7305</a></li><li><a href=\"/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Page_utilisant_P3222\" title=\"Catégorie:Page utilisant P3222\">Page utilisant P3222</a></li><li><a href=\"/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Page_utilisant_P1284\" title=\"Catégorie:Page utilisant P1284\">Page utilisant P1284</a></li><li><a href=\"/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Page_utilisant_P8130\" title=\"Catégorie:Page utilisant P8130\">Page utilisant P8130</a></li><li><a href=\"/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Page_utilisant_P8349\" title=\"Catégorie:Page utilisant P8349\">Page utilisant P8349</a></li><li><a href=\"/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Page_utilisant_P4342\" title=\"Catégorie:Page utilisant P4342\">Page utilisant P4342</a></li><li><a href=\"/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Page_utilisant_P3365\" title=\"Catégorie:Page utilisant P3365\">Page utilisant P3365</a></li><li><a href=\"/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Page_utilisant_P7666\" title=\"Catégorie:Page utilisant P7666\">Page utilisant P7666</a></li><li><a href=\"/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Page_pointant_vers_des_dictionnaires_ou_encyclop%C3%A9dies_g%C3%A9n%C3%A9ralistes\" title=\"Catégorie:Page pointant vers des dictionnaires ou encyclopédies généralistes\">Page pointant vers des dictionnaires ou encyclopédies généralistes</a></li><li><a href=\"/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Article_de_Wikip%C3%A9dia_avec_notice_d%27autorit%C3%A9\" title=\"Catégorie:Article de Wikipédia avec notice d&#039;autorité\">Article de Wikipédia avec notice d&#039;autorité</a></li><li><a href=\"/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Article_contenant_un_appel_%C3%A0_traduction_en_polonais\" title=\"Catégorie:Article contenant un appel à traduction en polonais\">Article contenant un appel à 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+  "parseApiHtml": "<div class=\"mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output\" lang=\"fr\" dir=\"ltr\"><p class=\"mw-empty-elt\">\n</p>\n<div class=\"bandeau-container metadata homonymie hatnote\"><div class=\"bandeau-cell bandeau-icone\" style=\"display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em\"><span class=\"noviewer\" typeof=\"mw:File\"><a href=\"/wiki/Aide:Homonymie\" title=\"Aide:Homonymie\"><img alt=\"Page d’aide sur l’homonymie\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Logo_disambig.svg/20px-Logo_disambig.svg.png?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"20\" height=\"15\" class=\"mw-file-element\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Logo_disambig.svg/40px-Logo_disambig.svg.png?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" data-file-width=\"512\" data-file-height=\"375\" /></a></span></div><div class=\"bandeau-cell\" style=\"display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em\">\n<p>Pour les articles homonymes, voir <a href=\"/wiki/Marie_Curie_(homonymie)\" class=\"mw-disambig\" title=\"Marie Curie (homonymie)\">Marie Curie (homonymie)</a> et <a href=\"/wiki/Curie\" class=\"mw-disambig\" title=\"Curie\">Curie</a>.\n</p>\n</div></div>\n<div class=\"bandeau-container metadata homonymie hatnote\"><div class=\"bandeau-cell bandeau-icone\" style=\"display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em\"><span class=\"noviewer\" typeof=\"mw:File\"><a href=\"/wiki/Aide:Homonymie\" title=\"Aide:Homonymie\"><img alt=\"Page d’aide sur l’homonymie\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Logo_disambig.svg/20px-Logo_disambig.svg.png?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"20\" height=\"15\" class=\"mw-file-element\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Logo_disambig.svg/40px-Logo_disambig.svg.png?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" data-file-width=\"512\" data-file-height=\"375\" /></a></span></div><div class=\"bandeau-cell\" style=\"display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em\">\n<p>Pour les autres membres de la famille, voir <a href=\"/wiki/Famille_Curie\" title=\"Famille Curie\">Famille Curie</a>.\n</p>\n</div></div>\n<div class=\"infobox&#95;v3 infobox infobox--frwiki noarchive\" style=\"width:280px\">\n<div class=\"entete icon chimie\" style=\"background-color: #EEF; color: #000;\"><style data-mw-deduplicate=\"TemplateStyles:r224760681\">.mw-parser-output .entete.chimie{background-image:url(\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/ce/Picto_infobox_chemistry_HUN.png\")}</style>\n<div>Marie Curie</div>\n</div><div class=\"images\"><span class=\"mw-default-size\" typeof=\"mw:File/Frameless\"><a href=\"/wiki/Fichier:Marie_Curie_c1920.jpg\" class=\"mw-file-description\"><img alt=\"Description de cette image, également commentée ci-après\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Marie_Curie_c1920.jpg/250px-Marie_Curie_c1920.jpg?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"250\" height=\"340\" style=\"--mw-file-upright: 1\" class=\"mw-file-element mw-file-upright\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Marie_Curie_c1920.jpg/500px-Marie_Curie_c1920.jpg?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" data-file-width=\"1460\" data-file-height=\"1984\" /></a></span> \n</div>\n<div class=\"legend\">Marie Curie vers 1920.</div><table><caption class=\"hidden\" style=\"\">Données clés</caption>\n<tbody><tr>\n<th scope=\"row\" style=\"width:9em;\">Nom de naissance</th>\n<td>\nMaria Salomea Skłodowska</td>\n</tr>\n\n<tr>\n<th scope=\"row\" style=\"width:9em;\">Naissance</th>\n<td>\n<time class=\"nowrap date-lien bday\" datetime=\"1867-11-07\" data-sort-value=\"1867-11-07\"><a href=\"/wiki/7_novembre\" title=\"7 novembre\">7</a> <a href=\"/wiki/Novembre_1867\" title=\"Novembre 1867\">novembre</a> <a href=\"/wiki/1867_en_science\" title=\"1867 en science\">1867</a></time><br /><a href=\"/wiki/Varsovie\" title=\"Varsovie\">Varsovie</a> (<a href=\"/wiki/Royaume_du_Congr%C3%A8s\" title=\"Royaume du Congrès\">Royaume du Congrès</a>, actuelle <a href=\"/wiki/Pologne\" title=\"Pologne\">Pologne</a>)</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<th scope=\"row\" style=\"width:9em;\">Décès</th>\n<td>\n<time class=\"nowrap date-lien dday\" datetime=\"1934-07-04\" data-sort-value=\"1934-07-04\"><a href=\"/wiki/4_juillet\" title=\"4 juillet\">4</a> <a href=\"/wiki/Juillet_1934\" title=\"Juillet 1934\">juillet</a> <a href=\"/wiki/1934_en_science\" title=\"1934 en science\">1934</a></time> (à 66&#160;ans)<br /><a href=\"/wiki/Passy_(Haute-Savoie)\" title=\"Passy (Haute-Savoie)\">Passy</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Haute-Savoie\" title=\"Haute-Savoie\">Haute-Savoie</a> (<a href=\"/wiki/Troisi%C3%A8me_R%C3%A9publique_(France)\" title=\"Troisième République (France)\">République française</a>)</td>\n</tr>\n\n<tr>\n<th scope=\"row\" style=\"width:9em;\">Nationalité</th>\n<td>\n<a href=\"/wiki/Pologne\" title=\"Pologne\">Polonaise</a> par naissance, <a href=\"/wiki/France\" title=\"France\">Française</a> par mariage</td>\n</tr>\n\n\n<tr>\n<th scope=\"row\" style=\"width:9em;\">Conjoint</th>\n<td>\n<a href=\"/wiki/Pierre_Curie\" title=\"Pierre Curie\">Pierre Curie</a></td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<th scope=\"row\" style=\"width:9em;\">Famille</th>\n<td>\nEnfants&#160;:<br /><a href=\"/wiki/Ir%C3%A8ne_Joliot-Curie\" title=\"Irène Joliot-Curie\">Irène Joliot-Curie</a><br /><a href=\"/wiki/%C3%88ve_Curie\" title=\"Ève Curie\">Ève Curie</a></td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<th scope=\"row\" style=\"width:9em;\">Résidence</th>\n<td>\n<a href=\"/wiki/Paris\" title=\"Paris\">Paris</a></td>\n</tr>\n</tbody></table>\n<div class=\"hr\" style=\"background-color:#EEF; height:1px;\"></div>\n<table><caption class=\"hidden\" style=\"\">Données clés</caption>\n\n<tbody><tr>\n<th scope=\"row\" style=\"width:9em;\">Domaines</th>\n<td>\n<a href=\"/wiki/Physique_nucl%C3%A9aire\" title=\"Physique nucléaire\">Physique nucléaire</a> <br /> <a href=\"/wiki/Radiochimie\" title=\"Radiochimie\">Radiochimie</a> <br /> <small><a href=\"/wiki/Radiologie_m%C3%A9dicale\" title=\"Radiologie médicale\">Radiologie</a></small></td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<th scope=\"row\" style=\"width:9em;\">Institutions</th>\n<td>\n<a href=\"/wiki/%C3%89cole_sup%C3%A9rieure_de_physique_et_de_chimie_industrielles_de_la_ville_de_Paris\" title=\"École supérieure de physique et de chimie industrielles de la ville de Paris\">École municipale de physique et de chimie industrielles de la ville de Paris</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Facult%C3%A9_des_sciences_de_Paris\" title=\"Faculté des sciences de Paris\">Faculté des sciences</a> de l'<a href=\"/wiki/Nouvelle_universit%C3%A9_de_Paris\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Nouvelle université de Paris\">université de Paris</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Institut_du_radium\" title=\"Institut du radium\">Institut du radium</a> de l'<a href=\"/wiki/Institut_Pasteur\" title=\"Institut Pasteur\">Institut Pasteur</a> et de l'<a href=\"/wiki/Nouvelle_universit%C3%A9_de_Paris\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Nouvelle université de Paris\">université de Paris</a>.</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<th scope=\"row\" style=\"width:9em;\">Diplôme</th>\n<td>\n<a href=\"/wiki/Facult%C3%A9_des_sciences_de_Paris\" title=\"Faculté des sciences de Paris\">Faculté des sciences de Paris</a></td>\n</tr>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<tr>\n<th scope=\"row\" style=\"width:9em;\">Renommée pour</th>\n<td>\nTravaux sur la <a href=\"/wiki/Radioactivit%C3%A9#Radioactivité_naturelle\" title=\"Radioactivité\">radioactivité naturelle</a> et la découverte du <a href=\"/wiki/Radium\" title=\"Radium\">radium</a> et du <a href=\"/wiki/Polonium\" title=\"Polonium\">polonium</a></td>\n</tr>\n\n\n<tr>\n<th scope=\"row\" style=\"width:9em;\">Distinctions</th>\n<td>\n<a href=\"/wiki/Prix_Nobel_de_physique\" title=\"Prix Nobel de physique\">Prix Nobel de physique</a> <a href=\"/wiki/1903_en_science\" title=\"1903 en science\">1903</a><br /><a href=\"/wiki/Prix_Acton\" title=\"Prix Acton\">Prix Acton</a> <a href=\"/wiki/1907_en_science\" title=\"1907 en science\">1907</a><br /><a href=\"/wiki/Prix_Nobel_de_chimie\" title=\"Prix Nobel de chimie\">Prix Nobel de chimie</a> <a href=\"/wiki/1911_en_science\" title=\"1911 en science\">1911</a></td>\n</tr>\n\n\n</tbody></table><div class=\"hr\" style=\"background-color:#EEF; height:1px;\"></div>\n<div class=\"images\"><span class=\"mw-default-size\" typeof=\"mw:File/Frameless\"><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Fichier:Marie_Curie_Sk%C5%82odowska_Signature_Polish.svg&amp;lang=fr\" class=\"mw-file-description\"><img alt=\"Signature de Marie Curie\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Marie_Curie_Sk%C5%82odowska_Signature_Polish.svg/langfr-250px-Marie_Curie_Sk%C5%82odowska_Signature_Polish.svg.png?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"190\" height=\"20\" style=\"--mw-file-upright: 0.75\" class=\"mw-file-element mw-file-upright\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Marie_Curie_Sk%C5%82odowska_Signature_Polish.svg/langfr-500px-Marie_Curie_Sk%C5%82odowska_Signature_Polish.svg.png?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" data-file-width=\"919\" data-file-height=\"96\" /></a></span> \n</div>\n<p class=\"navbar bordered noprint\" style=\"border-color:#EEF;\"><span class=\"plainlinks navigation-not-searchable\"><a class=\"external text\" data-mw-original-href=\"//fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Marie_Curie&amp;action=edit\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Marie_Curie&amp;action=edit\">modifier</a></span> <span typeof=\"mw:File\"><a href=\"/wiki/Mod%C3%A8le:Infobox_Scientifique\" title=\"Consultez la documentation du modèle\"><img alt=\"\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/20px-Info_Simple.svg.png?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" class=\"mw-file-element\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/40px-Info_Simple.svg.png?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" data-file-width=\"512\" data-file-height=\"512\" /></a></span></p></div>\n<p><b>Marie Curie</b> (ou <b>Marie Skłodowska-Curie</b>), née le <time class=\"nowrap bday\" datetime=\"1867-11-07\" data-sort-value=\"1867-11-07\">7 novembre 1867</time> à <a href=\"/wiki/Varsovie\" title=\"Varsovie\">Varsovie</a> (<a href=\"/wiki/Royaume_du_Congr%C3%A8s\" title=\"Royaume du Congrès\">royaume de Pologne</a>, sous domination <a href=\"/wiki/Empire_russe\" title=\"Empire russe\">russe</a>) et morte le <time class=\"nowrap dday\" datetime=\"1934-07-04\" data-sort-value=\"1934-07-04\">4 juillet 1934</time> à <a href=\"/wiki/Passy_(Haute-Savoie)\" title=\"Passy (Haute-Savoie)\">Passy</a> (<a href=\"/wiki/Haute-Savoie\" title=\"Haute-Savoie\">Haute-Savoie</a>), dans le sanatorium de <a href=\"/wiki/Sancellemoz\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Sancellemoz\">Sancellemoz</a>, est une <a href=\"/wiki/Physicien\" title=\"Physicien\">physicienne</a> et <a href=\"/wiki/Chimiste\" title=\"Chimiste\">chimiste</a> polonaise, naturalisée française par son mariage avec le physicien <a href=\"/wiki/Pierre_Curie\" title=\"Pierre Curie\">Pierre Curie</a> en <a href=\"/wiki/1895\" title=\"1895\">1895</a>. Scientifique d'exception, elle est la <a href=\"/wiki/Liste_des_premi%C3%A8res_femmes_par_fonction_ou_titre\" title=\"Liste des premières femmes par fonction ou titre\">première</a> <a href=\"/wiki/Liste_des_laur%C3%A9ates_du_prix_Nobel\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Liste des lauréates du prix Nobel\">femme à avoir reçu</a> le <a href=\"/wiki/Prix_Nobel\" title=\"Prix Nobel\">prix Nobel</a> et la seule femme à en avoir reçu deux. Elle reste la seule personne à avoir été récompensée dans deux domaines scientifiques distincts<sup id=\"cite&#95;ref-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-1\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#91;</span>1<span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#93;</span></a></sup>. Elle est également la première femme lauréate, avec son mari, de la <a href=\"/wiki/M%C3%A9daille_Davy\" title=\"Médaille Davy\">médaille Davy</a> de 1903 pour ses travaux sur le radium<sup id=\"cite&#95;ref-2\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-2\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#91;</span>2<span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#93;</span></a></sup>. En France, Marie Curie est la première femme à enseigner à la <a href=\"/wiki/Sorbonne\" title=\"Sorbonne\">Sorbonne</a>, et la première femme honorée pour ses propres mérites à reposer au <a href=\"/wiki/Panth%C3%A9on_(Paris)\" title=\"Panthéon (Paris)\">Panthéon</a><sup id=\"cite&#95;ref-3\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-3\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#91;</span>3<span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#93;</span></a></sup>.\n</p><p>En <a href=\"/wiki/1903\" title=\"1903\">1903</a>, les époux Curie partagent avec <a href=\"/wiki/Henri_Becquerel\" title=\"Henri Becquerel\">Henri Becquerel</a> le <a href=\"/wiki/Prix_Nobel_de_physique\" title=\"Prix Nobel de physique\">prix Nobel de physique</a> pour leurs recherches sur les radiations (radioactivité, rayonnement corpusculaire naturel). En 1911, elle obtient le <a href=\"/wiki/Prix_Nobel_de_chimie\" title=\"Prix Nobel de chimie\">prix Nobel de chimie</a> pour ses travaux sur le <a href=\"/wiki/Polonium\" title=\"Polonium\">polonium</a> et le <a href=\"/wiki/Radium\" title=\"Radium\">radium</a>.\n</p><p>Une partie de ses cahiers d'expérience est conservée à la <a href=\"/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_nationale_de_France\" title=\"Bibliothèque nationale de France\">Bibliothèque nationale de France</a> et accessible sous forme numérisée<sup id=\"cite&#95;ref-4\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-4\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#91;</span>4<span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#93;</span></a></sup>.\n</p>\n<meta property=\"mw:PageProp/toc\" />\n<div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading2\"><h2 id=\"Biographie\">Biographie</h2><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">[</span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Marie_Curie&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=1\" title=\"Modifier la section : Biographie\" class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\"><span>modifier</span></a><span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | </span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Marie_Curie&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1\" title=\"Modifier le code source de la section : Biographie\"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">]</span></span></div>\n<div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading3\"><h3 id=\"Origines_familiales_et_formation\">Origines familiales et formation</h3><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">[</span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Marie_Curie&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=2\" title=\"Modifier la section : Origines familiales et formation\" class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\"><span>modifier</span></a><span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | </span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Marie_Curie&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2\" title=\"Modifier le code source de la section : Origines familiales et formation\"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">]</span></span></div>\n<figure class=\"mw-default-size mw-halign-left\" typeof=\"mw:File/Thumb\"><a href=\"/wiki/Fichier:Kamienica_%C5%81yszkiewicza_w_Warszawie_2020.jpg\" class=\"mw-file-description\"><img src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Kamienica_%C5%81yszkiewicza_w_Warszawie_2020.jpg/250px-Kamienica_%C5%81yszkiewicza_w_Warszawie_2020.jpg?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"250\" height=\"172\" class=\"mw-file-element\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Kamienica_%C5%81yszkiewicza_w_Warszawie_2020.jpg/500px-Kamienica_%C5%81yszkiewicza_w_Warszawie_2020.jpg?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" data-file-width=\"4457\" data-file-height=\"3060\" /></a><figcaption><a href=\"/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_Maria_Sk%C5%82odowska-Curie_(Varsovie)\" title=\"Musée Maria Skłodowska-Curie (Varsovie)\">Maison natale</a> à <a href=\"/wiki/Varsovie\" title=\"Varsovie\">Varsovie</a>.</figcaption></figure>\n<p>Maria Salomea Skłodowska (prononcé <span class=\"API nowrap\" title=\"Alphabet phonétique international\" style=\"font-family:&#39;Segoe UI&#39;,&#39;DejaVu Sans&#39;,&#39;Lucida Grande&#39;,&#39;Lucida Sans Unicode&#39;,&#39;Arial Unicode MS&#39;,&#39;Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro&#39;,sans-serif;\">&#91;<a href=\"/wiki/API_%CB%88\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"API ˈ\"><span title=\"&#91;ˈ&#93; indique que la syllabe ou voyelle suivante porte l&#39;accent tonique.\">ˈ</span></a><a href=\"/wiki/API_m\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"API m\"><span title=\"&#91;m&#93; « m » dans « mou ».\">m</span></a><a href=\"/wiki/API_a\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"API a\"><span title=\"&#91;a&#93; « a » dans « patte ».\">a</span></a><a href=\"/wiki/API_r\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"API r\"><span title=\"&#91;r&#93; « r » roulé.\">r</span></a><a href=\"/wiki/API_j\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"API j\"><span title=\"&#91;j&#93; « y » dans « payer », « ill » dans « Versailles ».\">j</span></a><a href=\"/wiki/API_a\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"API a\"><span title=\"&#91;a&#93; « a » dans « patte ».\">a</span></a> <a href=\"/wiki/API_s\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"API s\"><span title=\"&#91;s&#93; en français « s » dans « sa » ; ailleurs avec la langue un peu plus en arrière (tel le basque : « s » dans « euskara »).\">s</span></a><a href=\"/wiki/API_a\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"API a\"><span title=\"&#91;a&#93; « a » dans « patte ».\">a</span></a><a href=\"/wiki/API_l\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"API l\"><span title=\"&#91;l&#93; « l » dans « loup ».\">l</span></a><a href=\"/wiki/API_%C9%94\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"API ɔ\"><span title=\"&#91;ɔ&#93; « o » dans « sort ».\">ɔ</span></a><a href=\"/wiki/API_%CB%88\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"API ˈ\"><span title=\"&#91;ˈ&#93; indique que la syllabe ou voyelle suivante porte l&#39;accent tonique.\">ˈ</span></a><a href=\"/wiki/API_m\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"API m\"><span title=\"&#91;m&#93; « m » dans « mou ».\">m</span></a><a href=\"/wiki/API_%C9%9B\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"API ɛ\"><span title=\"&#91;ɛ&#93; « è » dans « mère ».\">ɛ</span></a><a href=\"/wiki/API_a\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"API a\"><span title=\"&#91;a&#93; « a » dans « patte ».\">a</span></a> <a href=\"/wiki/API_s\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"API s\"><span title=\"&#91;s&#93; en français « s » dans « sa » ; ailleurs avec la langue un peu plus en arrière (tel le basque : « s » dans « euskara »).\">s</span></a><a href=\"/wiki/API_k\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"API k\"><span title=\"&#91;k&#93; « c » dans « cabas ».\">k</span></a><a href=\"/wiki/API_w\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"API w\"><span title=\"&#91;w&#93; « w » dans « web », « ou » dans « oui ».\">w</span></a><a href=\"/wiki/API_%C9%94\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"API ɔ\"><span title=\"&#91;ɔ&#93; « o » dans « sort ».\">ɔ</span></a><a href=\"/wiki/API_%CB%88\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"API ˈ\"><span title=\"&#91;ˈ&#93; indique que la syllabe ou voyelle suivante porte l&#39;accent tonique.\">ˈ</span></a><a href=\"/wiki/API_d\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"API d\"><span title=\"&#91;d&#93; en français « d » dans « doux » ; ailleurs avec la langue un peu plus en arrière.\">d</span></a><a href=\"/wiki/API_%C9%94\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"API ɔ\"><span title=\"&#91;ɔ&#93; « o » dans « sort ».\">ɔ</span></a><a href=\"/wiki/API_f\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"API f\"><span title=\"&#91;f&#93; « f » dans « fête ».\">f</span></a><a href=\"/wiki/API_s\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"API s\"><span title=\"&#91;s&#93; en français « s » dans « sa » ; ailleurs avec la langue un peu plus en arrière (tel le basque : « s » dans « euskara »).\">s</span></a><a href=\"/wiki/API_k\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"API k\"><span title=\"&#91;k&#93; « c » dans « cabas ».\">k</span></a><a href=\"/wiki/API_a\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"API a\"><span title=\"&#91;a&#93; « a » dans « patte ».\">a</span></a>&#93;</span> <sup class=\"noprint\"><span class=\"ext-phonos\"><span data-nosnippet=\"\" id=\"ooui-php-1\" class=\"noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-buttonElement-size-medium oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget\" data-ooui=\"{&quot;_&quot;:&quot;mw.Phonos.PhonosButton&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:&quot;\\/\\/upload.wikimedia.org\\/wikipedia\\/commons\\/transcoded\\/6\\/68\\/Pl-Maria_Sk%C5%82odowska-Curie.ogg\\/Pl-Maria_Sk%C5%82odowska-Curie.ogg.mp3&quot;,&quot;rel&quot;:[&quot;nofollow&quot;],&quot;framed&quot;:false,&quot;icon&quot;:&quot;volumeUp&quot;,&quot;label&quot;:{&quot;html&quot;:&quot;&lt;small&gt;\\u00c9couter&lt;\\/small&gt;&quot;},&quot;data&quot;:{&quot;ipa&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;lang&quot;:&quot;fr&quot;,&quot;wikibase&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;file&quot;:&quot;Pl-Maria Sk\\u0142odowska-Curie.ogg&quot;},&quot;classes&quot;:[&quot;noexcerpt&quot;,&quot;ext-phonos-PhonosButton&quot;]}\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" href=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/68/Pl-Maria_Sk%C5%82odowska-Curie.ogg/Pl-Maria_Sk%C5%82odowska-Curie.ogg.mp3\" rel=\"nofollow\" aria-label=\"Lecture audio\" title=\"Lecture audio\" class=\"oo-ui-buttonElement-button\"><span class=\"oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp\"></span><span class=\"oo-ui-labelElement-label\"><small>Écouter</small></span><span class=\"oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator\"></span></a></span><sup class=\"ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable\"><a href=\"/wiki/Fichier:Pl-Maria_Sk%C5%82odowska-Curie.ogg\" title=\"Fichier:Pl-Maria Skłodowska-Curie.ogg\">ⓘ</a></sup></span></sup>) naît à <a href=\"/wiki/Varsovie\" title=\"Varsovie\">Varsovie</a>, capitale du <a href=\"/wiki/Royaume_du_Congr%C3%A8s\" title=\"Royaume du Congrès\">royaume de Pologne</a>, fondé en 1815 par le <a href=\"/wiki/Congr%C3%A8s_de_Vienne\" title=\"Congrès de Vienne\">congrès de Vienne</a> au profit du tsar <a href=\"/wiki/Alexandre_Ier_(empereur_de_Russie)\" title=\"Alexandre Ier (empereur de Russie)\">Alexandre</a> et étroitement lié à l'<a href=\"/wiki/Empire_russe\" title=\"Empire russe\">Empire russe</a>. À cette époque, à la suite de l'<a href=\"/wiki/Insurrection_polonaise_de_1861-1864\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Insurrection polonaise de 1861-1864\">insurrection polonaise de 1861-1864</a>, la Russie procède au transfert des ministères polonais<sup id=\"cite&#95;ref-5\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-5\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#91;</span>5<span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#93;</span></a></sup> de Varsovie à <a href=\"/wiki/Saint-P%C3%A9tersbourg\" title=\"Saint-Pétersbourg\">Saint-Pétersbourg</a> et lance une politique de <a href=\"/wiki/Russification\" title=\"Russification\">russification</a> du royaume<sup id=\"cite&#95;ref-6\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-6\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#91;</span>6<span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#93;</span></a></sup>.\n</p><p>Son père, issu de la famille <a href=\"/wiki/Clan_Do%C5%82%C4%99ga\" title=\"Clan Dołęga\">Dołęga</a>, est professeur de <a href=\"/wiki/Math%C3%A9matiques\" title=\"Mathématiques\">mathématiques</a> et de <a href=\"/wiki/Physique\" title=\"Physique\">physique</a>&#160;; sa mère est institutrice. Avant Maria, ils ont eu trois filles et un fils&#160;: Zofia (1861-1876), <a href=\"/wiki/J%C3%B3zef_Sk%C5%82odowski\" title=\"Józef Skłodowski\">Józef</a> (1863-1937), <a href=\"/wiki/Bronia_Dluska\" title=\"Bronia Dluska\">Bronisława (Bronia)</a> (1865-1939)<sup id=\"cite&#95;ref-7\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-7\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#91;</span>7<span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#93;</span></a></sup> et <a href=\"/wiki/Helena_Szalay\" title=\"Helena Szalay\">Helena</a> (1866-1961).\n</p><p>En l’espace de deux années, elle perd sa sœur Zofia, morte du <a href=\"/wiki/Typhus\" title=\"Typhus\">typhus</a> en <time class=\"nowrap\" datetime=\"1876-01\" data-sort-value=\"1876-01\">janvier 1876</time>, et sa mère, qui succombe à la <a href=\"/wiki/Tuberculose_humaine\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Tuberculose humaine\">tuberculose</a> le <time class=\"nowrap\" datetime=\"1878-05-09\" data-sort-value=\"1878-05-09\">9 mai 1878</time>. Elle se réfugie alors dans les études, où elle excelle dans toutes les matières, et où la note maximale lui est accordée<sup id=\"cite&#95;ref-8\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-8\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#91;</span>8<span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#93;</span></a></sup>. Elle obtient ainsi son diplôme de fin d’études secondaires avec la médaille d’or en <a href=\"/wiki/1883\" title=\"1883\">1883</a>. Elle adhère à la doctrine <a href=\"/wiki/Positivisme\" title=\"Positivisme\">positiviste</a> d'<a href=\"/wiki/Auguste_Comte\" title=\"Auguste Comte\">Auguste Comte</a> et rejoint l'<a href=\"/wiki/Universit%C3%A9_volante\" title=\"Université volante\">Université volante</a><sup id=\"cite&#95;ref-:1&#95;9-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:1-9\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#91;</span>9<span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#93;</span></a></sup>, organisation clandestine qui pratique l'éducation des masses en polonais, en réaction à la politique de <a href=\"/wiki/Russification\" title=\"Russification\">russification</a>.\n</p><p>Le père de Maria est athée, sa mère <a href=\"/wiki/Catholicisme\" title=\"Catholicisme\">catholique</a> fervente<sup id=\"cite&#95;ref-Barker2011&#95;10-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-Barker2011-10\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#91;</span>10<span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#93;</span></a></sup>. Les décès de sa sœur Zofia puis de sa mère lui font perdre sa foi dans la religion catholique<sup id=\"cite&#95;ref-11\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-11\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#91;</span>11<span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#93;</span></a></sup> et l'amène à devenir <a href=\"/wiki/Agnostique\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Agnostique\">agnostique</a><sup id=\"cite&#95;ref-Reid1974a&#95;12-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-Reid1974a-12\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#91;</span>12<span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#93;</span></a></sup>.\n</p><p>Maria souhaite faire des études supérieures mais aucune université n'est alors ouverte aux femmes en Pologne<sup id=\"cite&#95;ref-13\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-13\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#91;</span>13<span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#93;</span></a></sup>. Lorsque sa sœur Bronia part à Paris étudier la médecine, Maria s'engage comme gouvernante dans une famille de province, pour financer un projet similaire. À ce moment-là, elle a l'intention de revenir ensuite en Pologne pour enseigner, éventuellement dans le cadre de l'Université volante. Au bout de trois ans, elle rentre à <a href=\"/wiki/Varsovie\" title=\"Varsovie\">Varsovie</a>, où un cousin lui permet d'entrer dans un laboratoire<sup id=\"cite&#95;ref-14\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-14\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#91;</span>14<span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#93;</span></a></sup>.\n</p>\n<div class=\"clear\" style=\"clear:left;\"></div>\n<div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading3\"><h3 id=\"Études_supérieures_à_Paris_(1891-1894)\"><span id=\".C3.89tudes_sup.C3.A9rieures_.C3.A0_Paris_.281891-1894.29\"></span>Études supérieures à Paris (1891-1894)</h3><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">[</span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Marie_Curie&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=3\" title=\"Modifier la section : Études supérieures à Paris (1891-1894)\" class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\"><span>modifier</span></a><span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | </span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Marie_Curie&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3\" title=\"Modifier le code source de la section : Études supérieures à Paris (1891-1894)\"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">]</span></span></div>\n<p>Marie Curie part pour Paris en <a href=\"/wiki/1891\" title=\"1891\">1891</a>, où elle est hébergée par sa sœur et son beau-frère, <a href=\"/wiki/Avenue_Jean-Jaur%C3%A8s_(Paris)\" title=\"Avenue Jean-Jaurès (Paris)\">rue d'Allemagne</a>, non loin de la <a href=\"/wiki/Gare_de_Paris-Nord\" title=\"Gare de Paris-Nord\">gare du Nord</a>. Le <time class=\"nowrap\" datetime=\"1891-11-03\" data-sort-value=\"1891-11-03\">3 novembre 1891</time>, elle s'inscrit pour des études de <a href=\"/wiki/Physique\" title=\"Physique\">physique</a> à la <a href=\"/wiki/Facult%C3%A9_des_sciences_de_Paris\" title=\"Faculté des sciences de Paris\">faculté des sciences de Paris</a>. Parmi les <span class=\"nowrap\">776 étudiants</span> de la faculté des sciences en <time class=\"nowrap\" datetime=\"1895-01\" data-sort-value=\"1895-01\">janvier 1895</time>, il n'y a que <span class=\"nowrap\">27 femmes</span><sup id=\"cite&#95;ref-15\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-15\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#91;</span>15<span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#93;</span></a></sup>, dont seulement sept étrangères, alors qu'en médecine, la plupart des étudiantes sont étrangères.\n</p><p>En <time class=\"nowrap\" datetime=\"1892-03\" data-sort-value=\"1892-03\">mars 1892</time>, elle déménage dans une chambre meublée de la <a href=\"/wiki/Rue_Flatters\" title=\"Rue Flatters\">rue Flatters</a> dans le <a href=\"/wiki/Quartier_latin_(Paris)\" title=\"Quartier latin (Paris)\">Quartier latin</a>, plus calme et plus proche des installations de la faculté. Elle suit les cours des physiciens <a href=\"/wiki/Edmond_Bouty\" title=\"Edmond Bouty\">Edmond Bouty</a> et <a href=\"/wiki/Gabriel_Lippmann\" title=\"Gabriel Lippmann\">Gabriel Lippmann</a> et des mathématiciens <a href=\"/wiki/Paul_Painlev%C3%A9\" title=\"Paul Painlevé\">Paul Painlevé</a> et <a href=\"/wiki/Paul_Appell\" title=\"Paul Appell\">Paul Appell</a>.\n</p><p>En <time class=\"nowrap\" datetime=\"1893-07\" data-sort-value=\"1893-07\">juillet 1893</time>, elle est reçue première de sa promotion à la <a href=\"/wiki/Licence_(France)\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Licence (France)\">licence</a> de physique. Pendant l'été, une bourse d'études de 600&#160;roubles lui est accordée, qui lui permet de poursuivre des études en mathématiques. En <time class=\"nowrap\" datetime=\"1894-07\" data-sort-value=\"1894-07\">juillet 1894</time>, elle est reçue seconde à la <a href=\"/wiki/Licence_(France)\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Licence (France)\">licence</a> de mathématiques. Elle envisage alors un retour en Pologne<sup id=\"cite&#95;ref-Pigeard&#95;16-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-Pigeard-16\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#91;</span>16<span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#93;</span></a></sup>.\n</p>\n<div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading3\"><h3 id=\"Rencontre_et_mariage_avec_Pierre_Curie\">Rencontre et mariage avec Pierre Curie</h3><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">[</span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Marie_Curie&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=4\" title=\"Modifier la section : Rencontre et mariage avec Pierre Curie\" class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\"><span>modifier</span></a><span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | </span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Marie_Curie&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4\" title=\"Modifier le code source de la section : Rencontre et mariage avec Pierre Curie\"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">]</span></span></div>\n<p>Depuis le début de l'année <a href=\"/wiki/1894\" title=\"1894\">1894</a>, elle travaille aussi dans le laboratoire des recherches physiques de <a href=\"/wiki/Gabriel_Lippmann\" title=\"Gabriel Lippmann\">Gabriel Lippmann</a>, au sein duquel la <a href=\"/wiki/Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9_d%27encouragement_pour_l%27industrie_nationale\" title=\"Société d&#39;encouragement pour l&#39;industrie nationale\">Société d'encouragement pour l'industrie nationale</a> lui confie des recherches sur les propriétés magnétiques de différents aciers. Elle y travaille dans des conditions spartiates et recherche donc une façon de mener à bien ses travaux. Le professeur Józef Kowalski de l'université de Fribourg lui fait alors rencontrer <a href=\"/wiki/Pierre_Curie\" title=\"Pierre Curie\">Pierre Curie</a>, chef des travaux de physique à l'<a href=\"/wiki/%C3%89cole_sup%C3%A9rieure_de_physique_et_de_chimie_industrielles_de_la_ville_de_Paris\" title=\"École supérieure de physique et de chimie industrielles de la ville de Paris\">École municipale de physique et de chimie industrielles</a> qui étudie également le <a href=\"/wiki/Magn%C3%A9tisme\" title=\"Magnétisme\">magnétisme</a>. Elle va finir par accepter de travailler avec lui, et, durant cette collaboration, se développe une inclination mutuelle.\n</p><p>Marie rentre tout de même à Varsovie en 1895, pour se rapprocher des siens et dans le but d'enseigner et de participer à l'émancipation de la <a href=\"/wiki/Pologne\" title=\"Pologne\">Pologne</a>. Mais lorsque Pierre lui demande de revenir à Paris et de devenir son épouse, elle accepte&#160;: ils se marient à <a href=\"/wiki/Sceaux_(Hauts-de-Seine)\" title=\"Sceaux (Hauts-de-Seine)\">Sceaux</a>, le <time class=\"nowrap\" datetime=\"1895-07-26\" data-sort-value=\"1895-07-26\">26 juillet 1895</time>.\n</p><p>L'année suivante, elle prépare à la faculté l'<a href=\"/wiki/Concours_d%27agr%C3%A9gation_en_France\" title=\"Concours d&#39;agrégation en France\">agrégation</a> pour l'enseignement des jeunes filles, section mathématiques. En parallèle, Marie <span class=\"lang-pl\" lang=\"pl\">Skłodowska</span>, désormais Curie, suit les cours de <a href=\"/wiki/Marcel_Brillouin\" title=\"Marcel Brillouin\">Marcel Brillouin</a><sup id=\"cite&#95;ref-17\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-17\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#91;</span>17<span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class=\"need&#95;ref&#95;tag\" style=\"padding-left:2px;\"><a href=\"/wiki/Aide:R%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence_incompl%C3%A8te\" title=\"Aide:Référence incomplète\">[réf.&#160;incomplète]</a></sup> et documente ses premiers travaux de recherche sur les aciers. En 1896, elle est reçue première à l'agrégation<sup id=\"cite&#95;ref-18\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-18\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#91;</span>18<span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#93;</span></a></sup>. Elle ne prend cependant pas de poste dans l'enseignement secondaire, souhaitant travailler à une thèse de doctorat.\n</p><p>Le <time class=\"nowrap\" datetime=\"1897-09-12\" data-sort-value=\"1897-09-12\">12 septembre 1897</time>, elle donne naissance à sa première fille, <a href=\"/wiki/Ir%C3%A8ne_Joliot-Curie\" title=\"Irène Joliot-Curie\">Irène</a>.\n</p>\n<div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading3\"><h3 id=\"Thèse_de_doctorat_et_découverte_du_radium\"><span id=\"Th.C3.A8se_de_doctorat_et_d.C3.A9couverte_du_radium\"></span>Thèse de doctorat et découverte du radium</h3><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">[</span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Marie_Curie&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=5\" title=\"Modifier la section : Thèse de doctorat et découverte du radium\" class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\"><span>modifier</span></a><span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | </span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Marie_Curie&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5\" title=\"Modifier le code source de la section : Thèse de doctorat et découverte du radium\"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">]</span></span></div>\n<figure class=\"mw-default-size\" typeof=\"mw:File/Thumb\"><a href=\"/wiki/Fichier:Marie_Curie-Theses_1903.jpg\" class=\"mw-file-description\"><img src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Marie_Curie-Theses_1903.jpg/250px-Marie_Curie-Theses_1903.jpg?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"190\" height=\"287\" style=\"--mw-file-upright: 0.75\" class=\"mw-file-element mw-file-upright\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Marie_Curie-Theses_1903.jpg/500px-Marie_Curie-Theses_1903.jpg?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" data-file-width=\"600\" data-file-height=\"907\" /></a><figcaption><a href=\"/wiki/Doctorat\" title=\"Doctorat\">Thèse de doctorat</a> de Marie Curie.</figcaption></figure>\n<p>La découverte des <a href=\"/wiki/Rayon_X\" title=\"Rayon X\">rayons X</a> par <a href=\"/wiki/Wilhelm_R%C3%B6ntgen\" title=\"Wilhelm Röntgen\">Wilhelm Röntgen</a> en 1895 éveille un grand intérêt dans la <a href=\"/wiki/Communaut%C3%A9_scientifique\" title=\"Communauté scientifique\">communauté scientifique</a> et donne lieu à de nombreuses activités de recherche. En revanche, les <i>rayons de Becquerel</i>, découverts par <a href=\"/wiki/Henri_Becquerel\" title=\"Henri Becquerel\">Henri Becquerel</a>, n'ont pas encore fait naître un tel enthousiasme. Marie Curie, qui cherche alors un sujet de <a href=\"/wiki/Doctorat\" title=\"Doctorat\">thèse de doctorat</a>, choisit de se consacrer à l'étude de ces rayonnements. Elle commence en 1897 ses travaux de thèse sur l'étude des rayonnements produits par l'<a href=\"/wiki/Uranium\" title=\"Uranium\">uranium</a>, à ce moment-là encore appelés <i><a href=\"/wiki/Rayons_uraniques\" title=\"Rayons uraniques\">rayons uraniques</a></i> car on les croit spécifiques à cet élément<sup id=\"cite&#95;ref-19\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-19\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#91;</span>19<span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#93;</span></a></sup> jusqu'à ce qu'elle découvre la radioactivité du <a href=\"/wiki/Thorium\" title=\"Thorium\">thorium</a>, peu après <a href=\"/wiki/Gerhard_Carl_Schmidt\" title=\"Gerhard Carl Schmidt\">Gerhard Carl Schmidt</a><sup id=\"cite&#95;ref-20\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-20\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#91;</span>20<span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#93;</span></a></sup>.\n</p><p>Elle s'attache à quantifier les capacités ionisantes des sels d'uranium, dans un atelier rudimentaire, mis à sa disposition par le directeur de l'<a href=\"/wiki/%C3%89cole_sup%C3%A9rieure_de_physique_et_de_chimie_industrielles_de_la_ville_de_Paris\" title=\"École supérieure de physique et de chimie industrielles de la ville de Paris\">École municipale de physique et de chimie industrielles</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Paul_Sch%C3%BCtzenberger\" title=\"Paul Schützenberger\">Paul Schützenberger</a>. En décembre, elle élabore un protocole d'expérience, utilisant comme banc de mesure l'<a href=\"/wiki/%C3%89lectrom%C3%A8tre\" title=\"Électromètre\">électromètre</a> <a href=\"/wiki/Pi%C3%A9zo%C3%A9lectricit%C3%A9\" title=\"Piézoélectricité\">piézoélectrique</a> élaboré par son mari Pierre Curie et son beau-frère <a href=\"/wiki/Jacques_Curie\" title=\"Jacques Curie\">Jacques Curie</a><sup id=\"cite&#95;ref-Pigeard&#95;16-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-Pigeard-16\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#91;</span>16<span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#93;</span></a></sup>, instrumentation qui permet de mesurer avec une grande précision l'effet des rayonnements sur l'ionisation de l'air. De cette façon, Marie Curie examine de nombreux métaux, sels et minéraux contenant de l'uranium, qui lui sont fournis par <a href=\"/wiki/Henri_Moissan\" title=\"Henri Moissan\">Henri Moissan</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Alexandre_%C3%89tard\" title=\"Alexandre Étard\">Alexandre Léon Étard</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Alfred_Lacroix\" title=\"Alfred Lacroix\">Antoine Lacroix</a> et <a href=\"/wiki/Eug%C3%A8ne_Anatole_Demar%C3%A7ay\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Eugène Anatole Demarçay\">Eugène Anatole Demarçay</a>.\n</p><p>Elle montre ainsi que la <a href=\"/wiki/Pechblende\" title=\"Pechblende\">pechblende</a> et la <a href=\"/wiki/Torbernite\" title=\"Torbernite\">chalcolite</a> sont respectivement quatre et deux fois plus actives que l'<a href=\"/wiki/Uranium\" title=\"Uranium\">uranium</a>. L'activité mesurée s'avère également indépendante de l'état des matériaux étudiés, mais dépend de la proportion d'uranium qu'ils contiennent. L'analyse d'un échantillon de chalcolite artificielle permet de confirmer ces découvertes et Marie Curie en déduit que les «&#160;rayons de Becquerel&#160;» sont une propriété de l'atome et non une propriété chimique. Ses résultats sont présentés le <time class=\"nowrap\" datetime=\"1898-04-12\" data-sort-value=\"1898-04-12\">12 avril 1898</time> par <a href=\"/wiki/Gabriel_Lippmann\" title=\"Gabriel Lippmann\">Gabriel Lippmann</a> à l'<a href=\"/wiki/Acad%C3%A9mie_des_sciences_(France)\" title=\"Académie des sciences (France)\">Académie des sciences</a>.\n</p><p>Marie Curie obtient en 1898 le <a href=\"/wiki/Prix_Gegner_de_l%27Acad%C3%A9mie_des_sciences\" title=\"Prix Gegner de l&#39;Académie des sciences\">prix Gegner</a><sup id=\"cite&#95;ref-21\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-21\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#91;</span>21<span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class=\"reference cite&#95;virgule\">,</sup><sup id=\"cite&#95;ref-22\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-22\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#91;</span>22<span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#93;</span></a></sup> de l'Académie des sciences, d'un montant de 4&#160;000&#160;<abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"francs\"><a href=\"/wiki/Franc_(unit%C3%A9_mon%C3%A9taire)\" title=\"Franc (unité monétaire)\">francs</a></abbr><sup id=\"cite&#95;ref-23\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-23\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#91;</span>23<span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#93;</span></a></sup>, pour ses travaux sur les propriétés magnétiques des métaux. Elle obtiendra à nouveau ce prix à deux reprises, en <a href=\"/wiki/1900\" title=\"1900\">1900</a> et en <a href=\"/wiki/1902\" title=\"1902\">1902</a>.\n</p>\n<figure class=\"mw-default-size mw-halign-left\" typeof=\"mw:File/Thumb\"><a href=\"/wiki/Fichier:Pierre_and_Marie_Curie.jpg\" class=\"mw-file-description\"><img src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Pierre_and_Marie_Curie.jpg/250px-Pierre_and_Marie_Curie.jpg?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"250\" height=\"201\" class=\"mw-file-element\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Pierre_and_Marie_Curie.jpg/500px-Pierre_and_Marie_Curie.jpg?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" data-file-width=\"2163\" data-file-height=\"1740\" /></a><figcaption>Pierre et Marie Curie dans leur laboratoire de fortune de l’<a href=\"/wiki/%C3%89cole_sup%C3%A9rieure_de_physique_et_de_chimie_industrielles_de_la_ville_de_Paris\" title=\"École supérieure de physique et de chimie industrielles de la ville de Paris\">École municipale de physique et de chimie industrielles</a>, vers 1906.</figcaption></figure>\n<p>En 1898, Pierre laisse de côté ses travaux sur la <a href=\"/wiki/Pi%C3%A9zo%C3%A9lectricit%C3%A9\" title=\"Piézoélectricité\">piézoélectricité</a> pour rejoindre son épouse sur son étude de la <a href=\"/wiki/Radioactivit%C3%A9\" title=\"Radioactivité\">radioactivité</a>. Leur but est d'isoler des roches radioactives les éléments à l’origine du rayonnement inconnu. Grâce à un financement inespéré, ils font venir de <a href=\"/wiki/J%C3%A1chymov\" title=\"Jáchymov\">Joachimsthal</a>, en <a href=\"/wiki/Boh%C3%AAme\" title=\"Bohême\">Bohême</a>, quelques tonnes de <a href=\"/wiki/Pechblende\" title=\"Pechblende\">pechblende</a> dans leur laboratoire parisien<sup id=\"cite&#95;ref-24\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-24\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#91;</span>24<span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#93;</span></a></sup>. Le raffinage du minerai, procédé dangereux, exigeant la plus grande précision, est réalisé sous la direction de <a href=\"/wiki/Gustave_B%C3%A9mont\" title=\"Gustave Bémont\">Gustave Bémont</a>, chimiste et chef des travaux du laboratoire, dans un hangar qui se trouve à côté de l’atelier, séparé uniquement par une cour. Ils découvrent effectivement deux nouveaux éléments. Le <time class=\"nowrap\" datetime=\"07-18\" data-sort-value=\"07-18\">18 juillet</time>, Marie Curie annonce la découverte d'un nouvel élément, le <a href=\"/wiki/Polonium\" title=\"Polonium\">polonium</a>, présent dans la substance raffinée, issue de la pechblende, qui est quatre cents fois plus <a href=\"/wiki/Radioactivit%C3%A9\" title=\"Radioactivité\">radioactive</a> que l'uranium<sup id=\"cite&#95;ref-25\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-25\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#91;</span>25<span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#93;</span></a></sup>. L'élément est nommé ainsi par l'<a href=\"/wiki/Acad%C3%A9mie_des_sciences_(France)\" title=\"Académie des sciences (France)\">Académie des sciences</a> en référence à son pays d’origine, la Pologne<sup id=\"cite&#95;ref-26\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-26\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#91;</span>26<span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#93;</span></a></sup>.\n</p><p>Le <time class=\"nowrap\" datetime=\"1898-12-26\" data-sort-value=\"1898-12-26\">26 décembre</time> 1898, avec <a href=\"/wiki/Gustave_B%C3%A9mont\" title=\"Gustave Bémont\">Gustave Bémont</a>, elle annonce la découverte du <a href=\"/wiki/Radium\" title=\"Radium\">radium</a><sup id=\"cite&#95;ref-27\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-27\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#91;</span>27<span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#93;</span></a></sup>. Il aura fallu traiter plusieurs tonnes de pechblende pour obtenir moins d’un gramme de chlorure, encore impur, de cet élément (mêlé à du <a href=\"/wiki/Baryum\" title=\"Baryum\">baryum</a>). Ces extractions, faites à partir de tonnes de minerai, sont effectuées dans des conditions difficiles, dans des locaux dépourvus de tout chauffage ou confort. Le chimiste allemand <a href=\"/wiki/Wilhelm_Ostwald\" title=\"Wilhelm Ostwald\">Wilhelm Ostwald</a>, visitant le lieu de travail de Pierre et Marie Curie, déclare&#160;: <span class=\"citation\">«&#160;Ce laboratoire tenait à la fois de l’étable et du hangar à pommes de terre. Si je n’y avais pas vu des appareils de chimie, j’aurais cru que l’on se moquait de moi&#160;»</span>.\n</p><p>Le <time class=\"nowrap\" datetime=\"1900-10-26\" data-sort-value=\"1900-10-26\">26 octobre 1900</time>, elle est nommée chargée des conférences de physique de <abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"Première\">1<sup>re</sup></abbr> et <abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"Deuxième\">2<sup>e</sup></abbr>&#160;années à l’<a href=\"/wiki/%C3%89cole_normale_sup%C3%A9rieure_de_jeunes_filles\" title=\"École normale supérieure de jeunes filles\">École normale supérieure d'enseignement secondaire des jeunes filles</a> (<a href=\"/wiki/S%C3%A8vres\" title=\"Sèvres\">Sèvres</a>).\n</p><p>En <time class=\"nowrap\" datetime=\"1902-07\" data-sort-value=\"1902-07\">juillet 1902</time>, elle obtient un <a href=\"/wiki/Kilogramme\" title=\"Kilogramme\">décigramme</a> de <a href=\"/wiki/Chlorure_de_radium\" title=\"Chlorure de radium\">chlorure de radium</a>, qui lui permet d'identifier la position de cet élément dans le <a href=\"/wiki/Tableau_p%C3%A9riodique_des_%C3%A9l%C3%A9ments\" title=\"Tableau périodique des éléments\">tableau de Mendeleïev</a>. Elle soutient sa thèse de doctorat en sciences physiques, intitulée <i>Recherches sur les substances radioactives</i>, le <time class=\"nowrap\" datetime=\"1903-06-25\" data-sort-value=\"1903-06-25\">25 juin 1903</time>, devant la faculté des sciences de l'université de Paris&#160;; elle obtient la mention «&#160;très honorable&#160;»<sup id=\"cite&#95;ref-28\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-28\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#91;</span>28<span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#93;</span></a></sup>.\n</p>\n<figure class=\"mw-default-size\" typeof=\"mw:File/Thumb\"><a href=\"/wiki/Fichier:Nobel_Pierre_et_Marie_Curie_1.jpg\" class=\"mw-file-description\"><img src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Nobel_Pierre_et_Marie_Curie_1.jpg/250px-Nobel_Pierre_et_Marie_Curie_1.jpg?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"250\" height=\"169\" class=\"mw-file-element\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Nobel_Pierre_et_Marie_Curie_1.jpg/500px-Nobel_Pierre_et_Marie_Curie_1.jpg?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" data-file-width=\"9277\" data-file-height=\"6253\" /></a><figcaption>Le diplôme du prix Nobel de Physique 1903 dont elle partage une moitié avec son mari <a href=\"/wiki/Pierre_Curie\" title=\"Pierre Curie\">Pierre Curie</a>, l'autre moitié étant attribuée à <a href=\"/wiki/Henri_Becquerel\" title=\"Henri Becquerel\">Henri Becquerel</a>.</figcaption></figure>\n<p>Le <time class=\"nowrap\" datetime=\"1903-12-10\" data-sort-value=\"1903-12-10\">10 décembre 1903</time>, Marie Curie reçoit avec son mari Pierre Curie et <a href=\"/wiki/Henri_Becquerel\" title=\"Henri Becquerel\">Henri Becquerel</a>, le <a href=\"/wiki/Prix_Nobel_de_physique\" title=\"Prix Nobel de physique\">prix Nobel de physique</a> <span class=\"citation\">«&#160;en reconnaissance de leurs services rendus, par leur recherche commune sur le phénomène des radiations découvert par le professeur Henri Becquerel&#160;»</span><sup id=\"cite&#95;ref-laureat&#95;Nobel&#95;1903&#95;29-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-laureat_Nobel_1903-29\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#91;</span>29<span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#93;</span></a></sup>. Pour des raisons de santé, Pierre et Marie Curie devront attendre près d'un an avant de pouvoir se déplacer à <a href=\"/wiki/Stockholm\" title=\"Stockholm\">Stockholm</a> et d'aller y chercher le prix.\n</p><p>Marie Curie est la première femme à recevoir un prix Nobel et les archives du comité Nobel montrent que la proposition transmise par l'Académie des sciences française ne contenait que les noms d'Henri Becquerel et de <a href=\"/wiki/Pierre_Curie\" title=\"Pierre Curie\">Pierre Curie</a>&#160;: il aura fallu l'intervention de celui-ci, à la suite de l'indiscrétion d'un académicien suédois, pour que le nom de Marie soit ajouté<sup id=\"cite&#95;ref-universel&#95;30-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-universel-30\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#91;</span>30<span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#93;</span></a></sup>.\n</p><p>Le couple devient célèbre et ces découvertes suscitent un engouement tant scientifique que public. La danseuse <a href=\"/wiki/Lo%C3%AFe_Fuller\" title=\"Loïe Fuller\">Loïe Fuller</a> leur demande de l'aider à faire un costume <a href=\"/wiki/Phosphorescence\" title=\"Phosphorescence\">phosphorescent</a> au radium, ce qu'ils refusent, en lui en expliquant les raisons<sup class=\"need&#95;ref&#95;tag\" style=\"padding-left:2px;\"><a href=\"/wiki/Aide:R%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence_n%C3%A9cessaire\" title=\"Aide:Référence nécessaire\"><span title=\"Ce passage nécessite une référence (demandé en avril 2020) ; voir l&#39;aide.\">&#91;réf.&#160;nécessaire&#93;</span></a></sup>. La danseuse, qui deviendra leur amie, leur offre un spectacle à domicile, avant de lancer un nouveau spectacle sur le thème du radium.\n</p><p>Également en 1903, Marie Curie est la première femme lauréate de la <a href=\"/wiki/M%C3%A9daille_Davy\" title=\"Médaille Davy\">médaille Davy</a>. L’année suivante, elle reçoit la <a href=\"/wiki/M%C3%A9daille_Matteucci\" title=\"Médaille Matteucci\">médaille Matteucci</a><sup id=\"cite&#95;ref-31\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-31\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#91;</span>31<span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#93;</span></a></sup> et donne naissance le <time class=\"nowrap\" datetime=\"1904-12-06\" data-sort-value=\"1904-12-06\">6 décembre</time> à sa deuxième fille, <a href=\"/wiki/%C3%88ve_Curie\" title=\"Ève Curie\">Ève</a><sup id=\"cite&#95;ref-32\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-32\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#91;</span>32<span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#93;</span></a></sup>.\n</p>\n<div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading3\"><h3 id=\"Enseignement_et_recherche\">Enseignement et recherche</h3><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">[</span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Marie_Curie&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=6\" title=\"Modifier la section : Enseignement et recherche\" class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\"><span>modifier</span></a><span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | </span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Marie_Curie&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6\" title=\"Modifier le code source de la section : Enseignement et recherche\"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">]</span></span></div>\n<figure class=\"mw-default-size\" typeof=\"mw:File/Thumb\"><a href=\"/wiki/Fichier:Curie_and_Poincare_1911_Solvay.jpg\" class=\"mw-file-description\"><img src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Curie_and_Poincare_1911_Solvay.jpg/250px-Curie_and_Poincare_1911_Solvay.jpg?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"250\" height=\"171\" class=\"mw-file-element\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/ba/Curie_and_Poincare_1911_Solvay.jpg?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled 2x\" data-file-width=\"452\" data-file-height=\"310\" /></a><figcaption>Marie Curie et <a href=\"/wiki/Henri_Poincar%C3%A9\" title=\"Henri Poincaré\">Henri Poincaré</a> au premier <a href=\"/wiki/Congr%C3%A8s_Solvay\" title=\"Congrès Solvay\">Congrès Solvay</a> en 1911.</figcaption></figure>\n<figure class=\"mw-default-size\" typeof=\"mw:File/Thumb\"><a href=\"/wiki/Fichier:Amphith%C3%A9%C3%A2tre_Lefebvre,_plaque_Marie_Curie,_La_Sorbonne.jpg\" class=\"mw-file-description\"><img src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Amphith%C3%A9%C3%A2tre_Lefebvre%2C_plaque_Marie_Curie%2C_La_Sorbonne.jpg/250px-Amphith%C3%A9%C3%A2tre_Lefebvre%2C_plaque_Marie_Curie%2C_La_Sorbonne.jpg?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"250\" height=\"199\" class=\"mw-file-element\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Amphith%C3%A9%C3%A2tre_Lefebvre%2C_plaque_Marie_Curie%2C_La_Sorbonne.jpg/500px-Amphith%C3%A9%C3%A2tre_Lefebvre%2C_plaque_Marie_Curie%2C_La_Sorbonne.jpg?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" data-file-width=\"3650\" data-file-height=\"2906\" /></a><figcaption>Plaque à l'entrée de l'ancien amphithéâtre de physique de la Sorbonne (de nos jours amphithéâtre Lefebvre).</figcaption></figure>\n<figure class=\"mw-default-size mw-halign-right\" typeof=\"mw:File/Thumb\"><a href=\"/wiki/Fichier:Mme_P_Curie_P1300452_corrected2.jpg\" class=\"mw-file-description\"><img src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Mme_P_Curie_P1300452_corrected2.jpg/250px-Mme_P_Curie_P1300452_corrected2.jpg?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"250\" height=\"151\" class=\"mw-file-element\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Mme_P_Curie_P1300452_corrected2.jpg/500px-Mme_P_Curie_P1300452_corrected2.jpg?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" data-file-width=\"4145\" data-file-height=\"2502\" /></a><figcaption>Carte de visite de Marie Curie comme professeure à la faculté des sciences.</figcaption></figure>\n<p>À la suite de l'obtention du prix Nobel, Pierre Curie est nommé en <time class=\"nowrap\" datetime=\"1904-10\" data-sort-value=\"1904-10\">octobre 1904</time> professeur titulaire d'une nouvelle chaire de physique à la <a href=\"/wiki/Facult%C3%A9_des_sciences_de_Paris\" title=\"Faculté des sciences de Paris\">faculté des sciences</a> de l'<a href=\"/wiki/Nouvelle_universit%C3%A9_de_Paris\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Nouvelle université de Paris\">université de Paris</a> et obtient la construction d'un laboratoire dans la cour de l'annexe de la faculté, consacrée au certificat PCN, située <a href=\"/wiki/Rue_Cuvier_(Paris)\" title=\"Rue Cuvier (Paris)\">12 rue Cuvier</a>. Marie Curie est nommée chef de travaux du laboratoire lié à la chaire<sup id=\"cite&#95;ref-33\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-33\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#91;</span>33<span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class=\"reference cite&#95;virgule\">,</sup><sup id=\"cite&#95;ref-34\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-34\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#91;</span>34<span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#93;</span></a></sup>.\n</p><p>Le <time class=\"nowrap\" datetime=\"1906-04-19\" data-sort-value=\"1906-04-19\">19 avril 1906</time>, Pierre meurt, renversé accidentellement par une voiture à cheval. Marie Curie souffre durablement de cette perte et est soutenue dans les difficiles années qui suivent par le père de Pierre, Eugène Curie, et par son frère, Jacques Curie.\n</p><p>Marie Curie devient alors la première <a href=\"/wiki/Femmes_en_France\" title=\"Femmes en France\">femme en France</a> directrice d'un laboratoire universitaire<sup id=\"cite&#95;ref-35\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-35\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#91;</span>35<span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class=\"need&#95;ref&#95;tag\" style=\"padding-left:2px;\"><a href=\"/wiki/Aide:R%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence_incompl%C3%A8te\" title=\"Aide:Référence incomplète\">[réf.&#160;incomplète]</a></sup>. De 1906 à 1934, elle accueille <span class=\"nowrap\">45 femmes</span>, sans exercer une sélection sexiste dans ses recrutements<sup id=\"cite&#95;ref-36\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-36\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#91;</span>36<span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#93;</span></a></sup>. Elle déménage en 1907 dans la rue du chemin de fer à Sceaux, afin d'être plus proche du lieu où est inhumé son mari.\n</p><p>Marie Curie est chargée du cours le <time class=\"nowrap\" datetime=\"1906-05-01\" data-sort-value=\"1906-05-01\"><abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"premier\">1<sup>er</sup></abbr> mai 1906</time> en remplacement de Pierre<sup id=\"cite&#95;ref-37\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-37\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#91;</span>37<span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#93;</span></a></sup>. Sa leçon inaugurale a lieu le <time class=\"nowrap\" datetime=\"1906-11-05\" data-sort-value=\"1906-11-05\">5 novembre 1906</time><sup id=\"cite&#95;ref-38\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-38\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#91;</span>38<span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#93;</span></a></sup> dans l’amphithéâtre de physique de la faculté des sciences à la Sorbonne, où se pressent journalistes, artistes, personnalités politiques et femmes du monde. <i><a href=\"/wiki/Le_Journal\" title=\"Le Journal\">Le Journal</a></i> salue l'événement en ces termes<sup id=\"cite&#95;ref-universel&#95;30-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-universel-30\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#91;</span>30<span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#93;</span></a></sup>&#160;:\n</p>\n<blockquote>\n<p>«&#160;c'est […] une grande victoire féministe que nous célébrons en ce jour. Car, si la femme est admise à donner l'enseignement supérieur aux étudiants des deux sexes, où sera désormais la prétendue supériorité de l'homme mâle&#160;? En vérité, je vous le dis&#160;: le temps est proche où les femmes deviendront des êtres humains.&#160;»\n</p>\n</blockquote>\n<p>Elle est nommée professeur titulaire de la chaire le <time class=\"nowrap\" datetime=\"1908-11-16\" data-sort-value=\"1908-11-16\">16 novembre 1908</time>, devenant la <a href=\"/wiki/Liste_des_premi%C3%A8res_femmes_par_m%C3%A9tier_ou_fonction_en_France\" title=\"Liste des premières femmes par métier ou fonction en France\">première professeure titulaire d'une chaire à la Sorbonne</a><sup id=\"cite&#95;ref-39\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-39\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#91;</span>39<span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#93;</span></a></sup>. L'intitulé de la chaire devient ensuite «&#160;physique générale et radioactivité&#160;».\n</p><p>En 1910, assistée du professeur <a href=\"/wiki/Andr%C3%A9-Louis_Debierne\" title=\"André-Louis Debierne\">André-Louis Debierne</a>, Marie Curie parvient à isoler un gramme de radium sous forme de <a href=\"/wiki/M%C3%A9tal\" title=\"Métal\">métal</a> pur. Elle publie la même année le <i>Traité de radioactivité</i>. Des anticléricaux, dreyfusards et libre-penseurs refusant l'élection systématique de candidats antidreyfusards à l'<a href=\"/wiki/Institut_de_France\" title=\"Institut de France\">Institut de France</a><sup id=\"cite&#95;ref-40\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-40\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#91;</span>40<span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#93;</span></a></sup> lui conseillent de postuler à l'<a href=\"/wiki/Acad%C3%A9mie_des_sciences_(France)\" title=\"Académie des sciences (France)\">Académie des sciences</a>, mais c'est <a href=\"/wiki/%C3%89douard_Branly\" title=\"Édouard Branly\">Édouard Branly</a> qui est élu, avec une majorité de deux voix, vraisemblablement en raison de son conservatisme<sup id=\"cite&#95;ref-universel&#95;30-2\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-universel-30\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#91;</span>30<span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class=\"reference cite&#95;virgule\">,</sup><sup id=\"cite&#95;ref-41\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-41\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#91;</span>41<span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#93;</span></a></sup>.\n</p><p>Elle participe début <time class=\"nowrap\" datetime=\"1911-11\" data-sort-value=\"1911-11\">novembre 1911</time> au premier <a href=\"/wiki/Congr%C3%A8s_Solvay\" title=\"Congrès Solvay\">Congrès Solvay</a>, organisé et financé par le chimiste et industriel belge <a href=\"/wiki/Ernest_Solvay\" title=\"Ernest Solvay\">Ernest Solvay</a>. Ce congrès réunit de nombreux physiciens, tels que <a href=\"/wiki/Max_Planck\" title=\"Max Planck\">Max Planck</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Albert_Einstein\" title=\"Albert Einstein\">Albert Einstein</a> et <a href=\"/wiki/Ernest_Rutherford\" title=\"Ernest Rutherford\">Ernest Rutherford</a>. Elle est la seule femme de ce congrès et presque la seule pour les suivants (on compte par exemple l’Autrichienne <a href=\"/wiki/Lise_Meitner\" title=\"Lise Meitner\">Lise Meitner</a>).\n</p>\n<figure class=\"mw-default-size mw-halign-left\" typeof=\"mw:File/Thumb\"><a href=\"/wiki/Fichier:Marie_Sk%C5%82odowska-Curie%27s_Nobel_Prize_in_Chemistry_1911.jpg\" class=\"mw-file-description\"><img src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Marie_Sk%C5%82odowska-Curie%27s_Nobel_Prize_in_Chemistry_1911.jpg/250px-Marie_Sk%C5%82odowska-Curie%27s_Nobel_Prize_in_Chemistry_1911.jpg?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"250\" height=\"170\" class=\"mw-file-element\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Marie_Sk%C5%82odowska-Curie%27s_Nobel_Prize_in_Chemistry_1911.jpg/500px-Marie_Sk%C5%82odowska-Curie%27s_Nobel_Prize_in_Chemistry_1911.jpg?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" data-file-width=\"1508\" data-file-height=\"1024\" /></a><figcaption>Le diplôme accompagnant le prix Nobel de chimie de 1911 de Marie Sklodowska Curie.</figcaption></figure>\n<p>Le <time class=\"nowrap\" datetime=\"1911-11-04\" data-sort-value=\"1911-11-04\">4 novembre 1911</time>, alors que le congrès Solvay vient de se terminer, éclate l'«&#160;affaire Langevin&#160;»&#160;: la liaison extraconjugale de <a href=\"/wiki/Paul_Langevin\" title=\"Paul Langevin\">Paul Langevin</a> avec Marie Curie (alors veuve depuis cinq ans) fait les gros titres de la presse nationaliste, qui la traite de «&#160;Polonaise venant briser un bon ménage français<sup id=\"cite&#95;ref-Pigeard&#95;16-2\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-Pigeard-16\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#91;</span>16<span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#93;</span></a></sup>&#160;». Des journaux d’extrême droite publient des lettres qui enflamment l'opinion publique. Ces lettres ont été volées par le beau-frère dans l'appartement que Paul Langevin, en instance de divorce, louait dans le Quartier latin. Tous deux démentent la teneur des lettres publiées, mais en vain. La campagne de presse a été si violente que le ministre de l’Instruction publique en est venu à souhaiter que Marie Curie retourne en Pologne. Le lauréat du prix Nobel de chimie <a href=\"/wiki/Svante_August_Arrhenius\" title=\"Svante August Arrhenius\">Svante Arrhenius</a>, qui l'encourageait, change d’avis à la suite de cette affaire<sup id=\"cite&#95;ref-42\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-42\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#91;</span>42<span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class=\"reference cite&#95;virgule\">,</sup><sup id=\"cite&#95;ref-43\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-43\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#91;</span>43<span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#93;</span></a></sup>.\n</p><p>Le <time class=\"nowrap\" datetime=\"1911-11-08\" data-sort-value=\"1911-11-08\">8 novembre 1911</time>, au plus fort et en dépit du scandale, Marie Curie reçoit un télégramme l'informant que le <a href=\"/wiki/Prix_Nobel_de_chimie\" title=\"Prix Nobel de chimie\">prix Nobel de chimie</a> lui est décerné, <span class=\"citation\">«&#160;en reconnaissance des services pour l’avancement de la chimie par la découverte de nouveaux éléments&#160;: le radium et le polonium, par l’étude de leur nature et de leurs composés&#160;»</span><sup id=\"cite&#95;ref-laureat&#95;Nobel&#95;1911&#95;44-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-laureat_Nobel_1911-44\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#91;</span>44<span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#93;</span></a></sup>.\n</p><p>Malgré la suggestion du comité Nobel de ne pas venir chercher le prix en <a href=\"/wiki/Su%C3%A8de\" title=\"Suède\">Suède</a> en raison de pressions politiques ainsi que du scandale qui la couvre, elle choisit de se déplacer et le reçoit le <time class=\"nowrap\" datetime=\"1911-12-10\" data-sort-value=\"1911-12-10\">10 décembre 1911</time> à <a href=\"/wiki/Stockholm\" title=\"Stockholm\">Stockholm</a>. Elle est la première personne à obtenir deux prix Nobel pour ses travaux scientifiques.\n</p><p>Les médecins découvrent que Marie Curie, affaiblie par les événements de l'année <a href=\"/wiki/1911\" title=\"1911\">1911</a>, est atteinte d'une maladie <a href=\"/wiki/Rein\" title=\"Rein\">rénale</a>. Elle subit une opération chirurgicale, puis une longue convalescence, pendant laquelle d'autres physiciens, à la suite de ses découvertes, continuent à faire la lumière sur le fonctionnement de l'<a href=\"/wiki/Atome\" title=\"Atome\">atome</a>.\n</p>\n<div class=\"clear\" style=\"clear:both;\"></div>\n<div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading3\"><h3 id=\"Rôle_dans_la_Grande_Guerre,_et_l’Institut_du_radium\"><span id=\"R.C3.B4le_dans_la_Grande_Guerre.2C_et_l.E2.80.99Institut_du_radium\"></span>Rôle dans la Grande Guerre, et l’Institut du radium</h3><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">[</span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Marie_Curie&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=7\" title=\"Modifier la section : Rôle dans la Grande Guerre, et l’Institut du radium\" class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\"><span>modifier</span></a><span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | </span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Marie_Curie&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7\" title=\"Modifier le code source de la section : Rôle dans la Grande Guerre, et l’Institut du radium\"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">]</span></span></div>\n<div class=\"bandeau-container bandeau-section metadata bandeau-niveau-information\"><div class=\"bandeau-cell bandeau-icone-css loupe\">Article détaillé&#160;: <a href=\"/wiki/Institut_du_radium\" title=\"Institut du radium\">Institut du radium</a>.</div></div>\n<figure class=\"mw-default-size mw-halign-left\" typeof=\"mw:File/Thumb\"><a href=\"/wiki/Fichier:P1020133_Paris_IV_Quai_de_B%C3%A9thune_n%C2%B036_reductwk.JPG\" class=\"mw-file-description\"><img src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/P1020133_Paris_IV_Quai_de_B%C3%A9thune_n%C2%B036_reductwk.JPG/250px-P1020133_Paris_IV_Quai_de_B%C3%A9thune_n%C2%B036_reductwk.JPG?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"190\" height=\"224\" style=\"--mw-file-upright: 0.75\" class=\"mw-file-element mw-file-upright\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/P1020133_Paris_IV_Quai_de_B%C3%A9thune_n%C2%B036_reductwk.JPG/500px-P1020133_Paris_IV_Quai_de_B%C3%A9thune_n%C2%B036_reductwk.JPG?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" data-file-width=\"1270\" data-file-height=\"1500\" /></a><figcaption>En <a href=\"/wiki/1912\" title=\"1912\">1912</a>, Marie Curie s'installe <a href=\"/wiki/Quai_de_B%C3%A9thune\" title=\"Quai de Béthune\">quai de Béthune</a> au <abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"numéro\">n<sup>o</sup></abbr>&#160;36.</figcaption></figure>\n<p>Fin 1909, le professeur <a href=\"/wiki/%C3%89mile_Roux\" title=\"Émile Roux\">Émile Roux</a>, directeur de l’<a href=\"/wiki/Institut_Pasteur\" title=\"Institut Pasteur\">Institut Pasteur</a>, propose la création d’un Institut du radium, consacré à la recherche médicale contre le cancer et à son traitement par <a href=\"/wiki/Radioth%C3%A9rapie\" title=\"Radiothérapie\">radiothérapie</a> — celui-ci deviendra plus tard l'<a href=\"/wiki/Institut_Curie\" title=\"Institut Curie\">Institut Curie</a>. Malgré la notoriété de Marie Curie et de son prix Nobel, il faut attendre 1911 pour que commencent les travaux, subventionnés par <a href=\"/wiki/Daniel_Iffla\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Daniel Iffla\">Daniel Osiris</a>. Le professeur Roux impose de plus un partage directorial, en faisant venir un de ses protégés, un chercheur en biologie de <a href=\"/wiki/Lyon\" title=\"Lyon\">Lyon</a>, le docteur <a href=\"/wiki/Claudius_Regaud\" title=\"Claudius Regaud\">Claudius Regaud</a> qui veut entreprendre une recherche biologique de thérapie contre le cancer, en croisant et mêlant l'usage de la radioactivité (radium) et de la radiographie (Rayons X, découvert par <a href=\"/wiki/Wilhelm_R%C3%B6ntgen\" title=\"Wilhelm Röntgen\">Roentgen</a>).\n</p><p>Marie Curie, vexée d'être placée en doublon, exige que le prétendant directeur-chercheur, par ailleurs inconnu d'elle, soit soumis sous sa direction à un examen de candidat, afin qu'il expose les résultats des travaux qu'il a conduits jusque-là et les motivations relatives à ce poste. L’Institut, situé <a href=\"/wiki/Rue_d%27Ulm\" title=\"Rue d&#39;Ulm\">rue d'Ulm</a>, est achevé en 1914, juste avant la <a href=\"/wiki/Premi%C3%A8re_Guerre_mondiale\" title=\"Première Guerre mondiale\">Première Guerre mondiale</a>. Il réunit deux laboratoires aux compétences complémentaires&#160;: le laboratoire de physique et de chimie, dirigé par Marie Curie, et le laboratoire Pasteur, axé sur la <a href=\"/wiki/Radioth%C3%A9rapie\" title=\"Radiothérapie\">radiothérapie</a>, dirigé par <a href=\"/wiki/Claudius_Regaud\" title=\"Claudius Regaud\">Claudius Regaud</a>.\n</p><p>Lorsque la guerre éclate, Marie Curie se mobilise, tout comme les autres membres de l’Institut du radium, qui fermera temporairement durant la guerre. Aux côtés d’<a href=\"/wiki/Antoine_B%C3%A9cl%C3%A8re\" title=\"Antoine Béclère\">Antoine Béclère</a>, directeur du service radiologique des armées, et avec l'aide de la <a href=\"/wiki/Mouvement_international_de_la_Croix-Rouge_et_du_Croissant-Rouge\" title=\"Mouvement international de la Croix-Rouge et du Croissant-Rouge\">Croix-Rouge</a>, elle participe à la conception de dix-huit unités chirurgicales mobiles, des «&#160;ambulances radiologiques&#160;» surnommées <i>a posteriori</i> les «&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Petites_Curies\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Petites Curies\">petites Curies</a>&#160;»<sup id=\"cite&#95;ref-45\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-45\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#91;</span>45<span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class=\"reference cite&#95;virgule\">,</sup><sup id=\"cite&#95;ref-46\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-46\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#91;</span>46<span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class=\"reference cite&#95;virgule\">,</sup><sup id=\"cite&#95;ref-47\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-47\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#91;</span>47<span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#93;</span></a></sup>. Elle a construit de sa propre initiative la première unité mobile en empruntant et adaptant la voiture de la princesse de Polignac, en prenant le propre matériel de recherche de Claudius Regaud sans usage, puis inauguré en personne avec son chauffeur-laborantin expérimentateur (Louis Ragot) une première campagne en visitant les hôpitaux du front engorgé de blessés<sup id=\"cite&#95;ref-48\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-48\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#91;</span>48<span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#93;</span></a></sup>. Ce que l'argot militaire a désigné sous le nom de «&#160;p'tites Curies&#160;», sont des véhicules de tourisme équipés d'<a href=\"/wiki/Radiographie\" title=\"Radiographie\">appareils Röntgen</a> avec une <a href=\"/wiki/Dynamo\" title=\"Dynamo\">dynamo</a> alimentée par le moteur du véhicule, et pouvant donc se rendre très près des champs de bataille et ainsi limiter les déplacements sanitaires des blessés. Les véhicules permettent de prendre des <a href=\"/wiki/Radiographie\" title=\"Radiographie\">radiographies</a> des blessés, opération très utile pour situer plus précisément l'emplacement des éclats d'obus et des balles et faciliter l'opération chirurgicale, soit différée soit immédiate sous le dispositif radiographique. Marie Curie transforme l’Institut du radium déserté en <time class=\"nowrap\" datetime=\"1914-08\" data-sort-value=\"1914-08\">août 1914</time> en véritable école de radiologie, pour former des bataillons de jeunes femmes aide-<a href=\"/wiki/Radiographie\" title=\"Radiographie\">radiologistes</a><sup id=\"cite&#95;ref-49\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-49\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#91;</span>49<span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#93;</span></a></sup>. Elle a aussi participé à la création de 150 postes fixes de radiologie, au sein des hôpitaux militaires.\n</p><p>Le <time class=\"nowrap\" datetime=\"1916-07-28\" data-sort-value=\"1916-07-28\">28 juillet 1916</time>, elle obtient son permis de conduire<sup id=\"cite&#95;ref-50\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-50\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#91;</span>50<span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#93;</span></a></sup> et part régulièrement sur le front réaliser des radiographies. Elle est rejointe par sa fille <a href=\"/wiki/Ir%C3%A8ne_Joliot-Curie\" title=\"Irène Joliot-Curie\">Irène</a>, âgée de dix-neuf ans, qui fait de même dans plusieurs hôpitaux de campagne durant toute la guerre.\n</p>\n<figure class=\"mw-default-size mw-halign-left\" typeof=\"mw:File/Thumb\"><a href=\"/wiki/Fichier:Coffret_contenant_1g_de_radium,_Institut_Curie.jpg\" class=\"mw-file-description\"><img src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Coffret_contenant_1g_de_radium%2C_Institut_Curie.jpg/250px-Coffret_contenant_1g_de_radium%2C_Institut_Curie.jpg?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"130\" height=\"121\" style=\"--mw-file-upright: 0.5\" class=\"mw-file-element mw-file-upright\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Coffret_contenant_1g_de_radium%2C_Institut_Curie.jpg/330px-Coffret_contenant_1g_de_radium%2C_Institut_Curie.jpg?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" data-file-width=\"481\" data-file-height=\"447\" /></a><figcaption>Le coffret offert en 1921.</figcaption></figure>\n<p>En <time class=\"nowrap\" datetime=\"1918-11\" data-sort-value=\"1918-11\">novembre 1918</time>, à la fin de la guerre, Marie Curie peut enfin occuper son poste à l’Institut du radium. Sa fille Irène devient son assistante. L’Institut du radium doit faire face à des difficultés financières. Il faudra attendre le début des années 1920 pour que les dons affluent et que l'institut se développe. Après la découverte des vertus thérapeutiques du radium pour la lutte contre le <a href=\"/wiki/Cancer\" title=\"Cancer\">cancer</a>, le radium connaît un vif engouement littéraire et surtout industriel, au point d'être utilisé dans de nombreux produits de consommation courante — crèmes rajeunissantes, cigarettes, réveils…\n</p><p>L'Institut du radium accueille de nombreux étudiants et physiciens, notamment étrangers, dont beaucoup de femmes (<a href=\"/wiki/Marguerite_Perey\" title=\"Marguerite Perey\">Marguerite Perey</a> fut son assistante), et contribue ainsi à l'émancipation féminine en France comme à l'étranger<sup id=\"cite&#95;ref-51\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-51\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#91;</span>51<span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#93;</span></a></sup>.\n</p>\n<figure class=\"mw-default-size\" typeof=\"mw:File/Thumb\"><a href=\"/wiki/Fichier:L%27universit%C3%A9_de_Paris_et_la_Sorbonne._S%C3%A9ance_du_conseil_de_la_facult%C3%A9_des_sciences,_1923.jpg\" class=\"mw-file-description\"><img src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/L%27universit%C3%A9_de_Paris_et_la_Sorbonne._S%C3%A9ance_du_conseil_de_la_facult%C3%A9_des_sciences%2C_1923.jpg/250px-L%27universit%C3%A9_de_Paris_et_la_Sorbonne._S%C3%A9ance_du_conseil_de_la_facult%C3%A9_des_sciences%2C_1923.jpg?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"250\" height=\"170\" class=\"mw-file-element\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/L%27universit%C3%A9_de_Paris_et_la_Sorbonne._S%C3%A9ance_du_conseil_de_la_facult%C3%A9_des_sciences%2C_1923.jpg/500px-L%27universit%C3%A9_de_Paris_et_la_Sorbonne._S%C3%A9ance_du_conseil_de_la_facult%C3%A9_des_sciences%2C_1923.jpg?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" data-file-width=\"2746\" data-file-height=\"1864\" /></a><figcaption>Henri Manuel, séance du conseil de la faculté des sciences de Paris (Marie Curie, seule femme, se situe en bas à gauche de l'image), 1923.</figcaption></figure>\n<p>En 1921, la journaliste <a href=\"/wiki/Marie_Mattingly_Meloney\" title=\"Marie Mattingly Meloney\">Marie Mattingly Meloney</a> organise une collecte de 100&#160;000&#160;<abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"dollars américains\"><a href=\"/wiki/Dollar_am%C3%A9ricain\" title=\"Dollar américain\">dollars américains</a></abbr> (environ un million de <a href=\"/wiki/Franc-or\" title=\"Franc-or\">francs or</a>) auprès des femmes américaines afin que Marie Curie puisse acheter un gramme de radium pour l'institut. Marie Curie effectue son premier voyage aux <a href=\"/wiki/%C3%89tats-Unis\" title=\"États-Unis\">États-Unis</a> le <time class=\"nowrap\" datetime=\"1921-05-20\" data-sort-value=\"1921-05-20\">20 mai 1921</time>, pour acheter un gramme de radium à l’usine du radium de <a href=\"/wiki/Pittsburgh\" title=\"Pittsburgh\">Pittsburgh</a>, où sont utilisés de manière industrielle les procédés qu'elle a développés. En 1929, toujours grâce aux femmes américaines, elle reçoit un nouveau gramme de radium, dont elle fait don à l’<a href=\"/wiki/Universit%C3%A9_de_Varsovie\" title=\"Université de Varsovie\">université de Varsovie</a>.\n</p>\n<figure class=\"mw-default-size\" typeof=\"mw:File/Thumb\"><a href=\"/wiki/Fichier:LeagueOfNations_MarieCurie.jpg\" class=\"mw-file-description\"><img src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/LeagueOfNations_MarieCurie.jpg/250px-LeagueOfNations_MarieCurie.jpg?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"250\" height=\"167\" class=\"mw-file-element\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/LeagueOfNations_MarieCurie.jpg/500px-LeagueOfNations_MarieCurie.jpg?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" data-file-width=\"750\" data-file-height=\"500\" /></a><figcaption>Document signé de Marie Curie dans les archives de la Société des Nations<sup id=\"cite&#95;ref-52\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-52\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#91;</span>52<span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#93;</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure><figure class=\"mw-default-size\" typeof=\"mw:File/Thumb\"><a href=\"/wiki/Fichier:Marie_Curie_and_Albert_Einstein.jpg\" class=\"mw-file-description\"><img src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Marie_Curie_and_Albert_Einstein.jpg/250px-Marie_Curie_and_Albert_Einstein.jpg?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"190\" height=\"274\" style=\"--mw-file-upright: 0.75\" class=\"mw-file-element mw-file-upright\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/44/Marie_Curie_and_Albert_Einstein.jpg?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled 2x\" data-file-width=\"422\" data-file-height=\"609\" /></a><figcaption><a href=\"/wiki/Albert_Einstein\" title=\"Albert Einstein\">Albert Einstein</a> et Marie Curie.</figcaption></figure>\n<p>Très sollicitée, elle voyage énormément, et s'engage aux côtés d'<a href=\"/wiki/Albert_Einstein\" title=\"Albert Einstein\">Albert Einstein</a> dans la <a href=\"/wiki/Commission_internationale_de_coop%C3%A9ration_intellectuelle\" title=\"Commission internationale de coopération intellectuelle\">Commission internationale de coopération intellectuelle</a>.\n</p>\n<div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading3\"><h3 id=\"Attachement_à_son_identité_polonaise_et_nom\"><span id=\"Attachement_.C3.A0_son_identit.C3.A9_polonaise_et_nom\"></span>Attachement à son identité polonaise et nom</h3><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">[</span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Marie_Curie&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=8\" title=\"Modifier la section : Attachement à son identité polonaise et nom\" class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\"><span>modifier</span></a><span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | </span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Marie_Curie&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8\" title=\"Modifier le code source de la section : Attachement à son identité polonaise et nom\"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">]</span></span></div>\n<p>Malgré sa naturalisation française liée à son mariage, Marie Curie n'a jamais perdu le sentiment de son identité polonaise. Elle a ainsi appris à ses filles la langue polonaise et les a emmenées en Pologne plusieurs fois<sup id=\"cite&#95;ref-goldsmith&#95;53-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-goldsmith-53\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#91;</span>53<span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#93;</span></a></sup>. Le nom de l'élément chimique <a href=\"/wiki/Polonium\" title=\"Polonium\">polonium</a> a aussi été choisi par Marie Curie en hommage à la Pologne.\n</p><p>Elle ajoutait son nom de naissance Skłodowska lorsqu'elle signait des correspondances pour des destinataires polonais ou russes<sup id=\"cite&#95;ref-54\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-54\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#91;</span>54<span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class=\"reference cite&#95;virgule\">,</sup><sup id=\"cite&#95;ref-:0&#95;55-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:0-55\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#91;</span>55<span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#93;</span></a></sup>. Le nom «&#160;Skłodowska-Curie&#160;» est d'ailleurs utilisé en Pologne pour la plupart des monuments et bâtiments lui faisant hommage. C'est également le nom qui figure sur son prix Nobel de chimie de 1911. Néanmoins, elle signait les correspondances familiales et amicales «&#160;Marie Curie&#160;», et utilisait généralement «&#160;Madame Pierre Curie&#160;» pour les publications scientifiques ou autres documents officiels, comme il était d'usage à l'époque<sup id=\"cite&#95;ref-:0&#95;55-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:0-55\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#91;</span>55<span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#93;</span></a></sup>.\n</p>\n<div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading3\"><h3 id=\"Engagements\">Engagements</h3><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">[</span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Marie_Curie&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=9\" title=\"Modifier la section : Engagements\" class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\"><span>modifier</span></a><span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | </span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Marie_Curie&amp;action=edit&amp;section=9\" title=\"Modifier le code source de la section : Engagements\"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">]</span></span></div>\n<p>Malgré son aura internationale, Marie Curie évite de prendre parti lors de grands débats politiques, mais proteste publiquement contre l’incarcération d’une <a href=\"/wiki/Suffragette\" title=\"Suffragette\">suffragette</a> en 1921 et se prononce contre la <a href=\"/wiki/Peine_de_mort\" title=\"Peine de mort\">peine de mort</a>. Elle fréquente une communauté de scientifiques <a href=\"/wiki/Dreyfusards\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Dreyfusards\">dreyfusards</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/La%C3%AFc\" title=\"Laïc\">laïcs</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/R%C3%A9publicanisme\" title=\"Républicanisme\">républicains</a> et <a href=\"/wiki/Progressisme\" title=\"Progressisme\">progressistes</a> et s'engage pour la coopération internationale, étant elle-même marquée par la <a href=\"/wiki/Premi%C3%A8re_Guerre_mondiale\" title=\"Première Guerre mondiale\">Première Guerre mondiale</a>. Elle ne fait pas breveter ses découvertes scientifiques, estimant que «&#160;les découvertes appartiennent au peuple&#160;»<sup id=\"cite&#95;ref-:1&#95;9-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:1-9\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#91;</span>9<span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#93;</span></a></sup>.\n</p>\n<div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading3\"><h3 id=\"Maladie_et_mort\">Maladie et mort</h3><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">[</span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Marie_Curie&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=10\" title=\"Modifier la section : Maladie et mort\" class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\"><span>modifier</span></a><span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | </span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Marie_Curie&amp;action=edit&amp;section=10\" title=\"Modifier le code source de la section : Maladie et mort\"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">]</span></span></div>\n<p>Marie Curie souffre d'une trop grande exposition aux éléments radioactifs qu'elle étudie depuis 1898 et aux fortes doses de rayons X reçus pendant les <a href=\"/wiki/Radiographie\" title=\"Radiographie\">radiographies</a> des malades durant la guerre, notamment au niveau des yeux et des oreilles<sup id=\"cite&#95;ref-Perret&#95;56-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-Perret-56\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#91;</span>56<span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#93;</span></a></sup>. Dès le début des années 1920, elle est affaiblie et pense que le <a href=\"/wiki/Radium\" title=\"Radium\">radium</a>, auquel elle consacre une grande partie de ses recherches, pourrait avoir une certaine responsabilité dans ses problèmes de santé<sup id=\"cite&#95;ref-Perret&#95;56-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-Perret-56\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#91;</span>56<span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#93;</span></a></sup>. Elle reste cependant à la direction de son Institut, notamment dans le développement d'approches thérapeutiques pour lutter contre le cancer grâce aux radiations produites par le radium<sup id=\"cite&#95;ref-Perret&#95;56-2\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-Perret-56\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#91;</span>56<span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#93;</span></a></sup>.\n</p>\n<figure class=\"mw-default-size\" typeof=\"mw:File/Thumb\"><a href=\"/wiki/Fichier:Tombe_de_Pierre_Curie_et_de_Marie_Curie_2.jpg\" class=\"mw-file-description\"><img src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Tombe_de_Pierre_Curie_et_de_Marie_Curie_2.jpg/250px-Tombe_de_Pierre_Curie_et_de_Marie_Curie_2.jpg?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"250\" height=\"188\" class=\"mw-file-element\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Tombe_de_Pierre_Curie_et_de_Marie_Curie_2.jpg/500px-Tombe_de_Pierre_Curie_et_de_Marie_Curie_2.jpg?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" data-file-width=\"4608\" data-file-height=\"3456\" /></a><figcaption>L'ancienne tombe de Pierre et Marie Curie au <a href=\"/wiki/Cimeti%C3%A8re_de_Sceaux\" title=\"Cimetière de Sceaux\">cimetière de Sceaux</a> (Haut-de-Seine).</figcaption></figure>\n<p>Atteinte d’une <a href=\"/wiki/Leuc%C3%A9mie\" title=\"Leucémie\">leucémie</a> radio-induite ayant déclenché une <a href=\"/wiki/An%C3%A9mie_aplasique\" title=\"Anémie aplasique\">anémie aplasique</a>, elle se rend le <time class=\"nowrap\" datetime=\"1934-06-29\" data-sort-value=\"1934-06-29\">29 juin 1934</time> au <a href=\"/wiki/Sanatorium\" title=\"Sanatorium\">sanatorium</a> de <a href=\"/wiki/Sancellemoz\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Sancellemoz\">Sancellemoz</a> à <a href=\"/wiki/Passy_(Haute-Savoie)\" title=\"Passy (Haute-Savoie)\">Passy</a> pour y être hospitalisée. Elle y meurt le <time class=\"nowrap\" datetime=\"07-04\" data-sort-value=\"07-04\">4 juillet</time>, à 66 ans, dans la chambre 424<sup id=\"cite&#95;ref-57\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-57\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#91;</span>57<span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#93;</span></a></sup>.\n</p>\n<div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading3\"><h3 id=\"Postérité\"><span id=\"Post.C3.A9rit.C3.A9\"></span>Postérité</h3><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">[</span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Marie_Curie&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=11\" title=\"Modifier la section : Postérité\" class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\"><span>modifier</span></a><span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | </span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Marie_Curie&amp;action=edit&amp;section=11\" title=\"Modifier le code source de la section : Postérité\"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">]</span></span></div>\n<div class=\"bandeau-container bandeau-section metadata bandeau-niveau-information\"><div class=\"bandeau-cell bandeau-icone-css loupe\">Article connexe&#160;: <a href=\"/wiki/Famille_Curie\" title=\"Famille Curie\">famille Curie</a>.</div></div>\n<p>Pierre et Marie Curie sont les parents de deux filles&#160;:\n</p>\n<ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Ir%C3%A8ne_Joliot-Curie\" title=\"Irène Joliot-Curie\">Irène Joliot-Curie</a>, qui reçoit, comme ses parents, le <a href=\"/wiki/Prix_Nobel_de_chimie\" title=\"Prix Nobel de chimie\">prix Nobel de chimie</a> en 1935 avec son époux, <a href=\"/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Joliot-Curie\" title=\"Frédéric Joliot-Curie\">Frédéric Joliot-Curie</a> pour leurs travaux sur la radioactivité artificielle&#160;;</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/%C3%88ve_Curie\" title=\"Ève Curie\">Ève Curie</a>, qui écrit une biographie mondialement connue de sa mère, et qui épouse <a href=\"/wiki/Henry_Labouisse\" title=\"Henry Labouisse\">Henry Labouisse</a> qui, en sa qualité de directeur exécutif de l'<a href=\"/wiki/Fonds_des_Nations_unies_pour_l%27enfance\" title=\"Fonds des Nations unies pour l&#39;enfance\">UNICEF</a>, reçoit le <a href=\"/wiki/Prix_Nobel_de_la_paix\" title=\"Prix Nobel de la paix\">prix Nobel de la paix</a> attribué à cette organisation en 1965.</li></ul>\n<div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading2\"><h2 id=\"Travaux\">Travaux</h2><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">[</span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Marie_Curie&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=12\" title=\"Modifier la section : Travaux\" class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\"><span>modifier</span></a><span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | </span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Marie_Curie&amp;action=edit&amp;section=12\" title=\"Modifier le code source de la section : Travaux\"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">]</span></span></div>\n<div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading3\"><h3 id=\"La_radioactivité_:_une_propriété_physique_et_non_chimique\"><span id=\"La_radioactivit.C3.A9_:_une_propri.C3.A9t.C3.A9_physique_et_non_chimique\"></span>La radioactivité&#160;: une propriété physique et non chimique</h3><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">[</span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Marie_Curie&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=13\" title=\"Modifier la section : La radioactivité : une propriété physique et non chimique\" class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\"><span>modifier</span></a><span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | </span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Marie_Curie&amp;action=edit&amp;section=13\" title=\"Modifier le code source de la section : La radioactivité : une propriété physique et non chimique\"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">]</span></span></div>\n<p>Marie Curie est d'abord embauchée par Gabriel Lippman pour étudier différentes sortes d'acier. Elle travaille dans des conditions limitées et recherche dès lors un sujet recelant davantage de possibilités. Elle se rend en Pologne dans ce but, en vain. Elle revient en France, prend des contacts, se renseigne, et décide finalement de se consacrer exclusivement à l'étude des rayons uraniques. Elle utilise ingénieusement l'électromètre de précision inventé quinze ans plus tôt par les frères Curie pour quantifier l'ionisation produite par ces rayons. De cette façon, elle étudie métaux, sels et minéraux dont l’uranium et la <a href=\"/wiki/Pechblende\" title=\"Pechblende\">pechblende</a>. Elle en déduit que celle-ci est quatre fois plus active et la <a href=\"/wiki/Torbernite\" title=\"Torbernite\">chalcolite</a> deux fois plus active que l'uranium. L'activité de l'uranium se révèle indépendante de sa forme chimique. Elle ne dépend au contraire que de la quantité de l'élément uranium. Elle vient de démontrer que la propriété des rayons uraniques est une propriété physique de l'atome et non une propriété chimique&#160;: la radioactivité. Ses travaux sont présentés à l'Académie des sciences par <a href=\"/wiki/Gabriel_Lippmann\" title=\"Gabriel Lippmann\">Gabriel Lippman</a> le <time class=\"nowrap\" datetime=\"1898-04-12\" data-sort-value=\"1898-04-12\">12 avril 1898</time>, moins d'un an après le début de sa thèse de doctorat.\n</p>\n<div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading3\"><h3 id=\"Découverte_du_radium_et_du_polonium\"><span id=\"D.C3.A9couverte_du_radium_et_du_polonium\"></span>Découverte du radium et du polonium</h3><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">[</span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Marie_Curie&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=14\" title=\"Modifier la section : Découverte du radium et du polonium\" class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\"><span>modifier</span></a><span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | </span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Marie_Curie&amp;action=edit&amp;section=14\" title=\"Modifier le code source de la section : Découverte du radium et du polonium\"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">]</span></span></div>\n<figure class=\"mw-default-size mw-halign-left\" typeof=\"mw:File/Thumb\"><a href=\"/wiki/Fichier:Les_Hommes_du_Jour_N_108_1910.jpg\" class=\"mw-file-description\"><img src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Les_Hommes_du_Jour_N_108_1910.jpg/250px-Les_Hommes_du_Jour_N_108_1910.jpg?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"190\" height=\"255\" style=\"--mw-file-upright: 0.75\" class=\"mw-file-element mw-file-upright\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Les_Hommes_du_Jour_N_108_1910.jpg/500px-Les_Hommes_du_Jour_N_108_1910.jpg?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" data-file-width=\"2304\" data-file-height=\"3092\" /></a><figcaption>Marie Curie en couverture de <i><a href=\"/wiki/Les_Hommes_du_jour\" title=\"Les Hommes du jour\">Les Hommes du jour</a></i>, 1911.</figcaption></figure>\n<p>Marie et son mari Pierre supposent que l'activité de la pechblende, particulièrement élevée, provient d'éléments plus actifs que l'uranium. Ils mettent alors au point une méthode radiochimique permettant d'isoler ces éléments. Cette idée se révèle fructueuse puisqu'elle permet aux époux Curie de découvrir en 1898 deux nouveaux éléments, le polonium et le radium. Ces travaux sont présentés par <a href=\"/wiki/Henri_Becquerel\" title=\"Henri Becquerel\">Henri Becquerel</a> à l'Académie des sciences et sont récompensés par le <a href=\"/wiki/Prix_Nobel_de_physique\" title=\"Prix Nobel de physique\">prix Nobel de physique</a> en 1903, dont une moitié revient à Becquerel pour la découverte du rayonnement radioactif, et l'autre moitié aux époux Curie<sup id=\"cite&#95;ref-laureat&#95;Nobel&#95;1903&#95;29-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-laureat_Nobel_1903-29\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#91;</span>29<span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#93;</span></a></sup>. C'est la première démonstration de l’existence des atomes de radium et de polonium, atomes par ailleurs instables. Cette découverte remet en cause la <a href=\"/wiki/Atomisme\" title=\"Atomisme\">conception grecque antique</a> qui stipulait que la matière était insécable et éternelle, et qu'il existait donc un nombre fini d'atomes stables.\n</p><p>En 1911, Marie Curie reçoit le prix Nobel de chimie<sup id=\"cite&#95;ref-laureat&#95;Nobel&#95;1911&#95;44-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-laureat_Nobel_1911-44\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#91;</span>44<span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#93;</span></a></sup>, «&#160;en reconnaissance de ses services dans le progrès de la chimie par la découverte des éléments radium et polonium, par l'isolation du radium et l'étude de la nature et des composés de cet élément remarquable.&#160;»\n</p><p>Pour les réserves de <a href=\"/wiki/Pechblende\" title=\"Pechblende\">pechblende</a> d'où la physicienne extrayait les deux éléments fraîchement découverts, elle pouvait compter sur la générosité du baron <a href=\"/wiki/Henri_de_Rothschild\" title=\"Henri de Rothschild\">Henri de Rothschild</a> qui lui a livré dix tonnes de <a href=\"/wiki/Extraction_de_l%27uranium\" title=\"Extraction de l&#39;uranium\">minerai d'uranium</a> venant de Bohême. Cette source ayant été ensuite réservée pour l'Autriche, Marie Curie a dû compter sur l'industriel français <a href=\"/wiki/%C3%89mile_Armet_de_Lisle\" title=\"Émile Armet de Lisle\">Armet de Lisle</a>.\n</p>\n<div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading3\"><h3 id=\"Détermination_de_la_masse_atomique_du_radium\"><span id=\"D.C3.A9termination_de_la_masse_atomique_du_radium\"></span>Détermination de la masse atomique du radium</h3><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">[</span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Marie_Curie&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=15\" title=\"Modifier la section : Détermination de la masse atomique du radium\" class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\"><span>modifier</span></a><span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | </span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Marie_Curie&amp;action=edit&amp;section=15\" title=\"Modifier le code source de la section : Détermination de la masse atomique du radium\"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">]</span></span></div>\n<p>Pour déterminer la masse atomique du radium, Marie Curie a dissous du chlorure de radium de masse connue, puis fait précipiter les ions chlorure par ajout de nitrate d'argent. En déterminant la masse du chlorure d'argent précipité, connaissant les masses atomiques du chlore et de l'argent, elle put en déduire la masse de chlore présente dans le chlorure de radium initial, et déterminer ainsi par simple soustraction la masse atomique du radium.\n</p>\n<div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading2\"><h2 id=\"Œuvres\"><span id=\".C5.92uvres\"></span>Œuvres</h2><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">[</span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Marie_Curie&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=16\" title=\"Modifier la section : Œuvres\" class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\"><span>modifier</span></a><span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | </span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Marie_Curie&amp;action=edit&amp;section=16\" title=\"Modifier le code source de la section : Œuvres\"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">]</span></span></div>\n<ul><li><i>Rayons émis par les composés de l’uranium et du thorium</i>, 1898.</li>\n<li><i>Les nouvelles substances radioactives</i>, 1900.</li>\n<li><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.loc.gov/resource/rbctos.2017gen10116/\"><i>Recherches sur les substances radioactives</i></a>, <abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"Deuxième\">2<sup>e</sup></abbr> édition, Paris, 1904.</li>\n<li>Préface des <i>Œuvres de Pierre Curie</i>, 1908.</li>\n<li><i>Traité de radioactivité</i>, tome 1, 1910.</li>\n<li><i>Traité de radioactivité</i>, tome 2, 1910.</li>\n<li><i>La Radiologie et la guerre</i>, 1921.</li>\n<li><i>Pierre Curie</i>, 1924.</li>\n<li><i>Les Rayons alpha, beta, gamma des corps radioactifs en relation avec la structure nucléaire</i>, 1933.</li>\n<li><span class=\"ouvrage\" id=\"Curie2003\"><span class=\"ouvrage\" id=\"Marie&#95;Curie2003\">Marie Curie, <cite class=\"italique\">Leçons de Marie Curie (recueillies par Isabelle Chavannes en 1907)&#160;: Physique élémentaire pour les enfants de nos amis</cite>, EDP Science, <time>2003</time> <small style=\"line-height:1em;\">(<a href=\"/wiki/Online_Computer_Library_Center\" title=\"Online Computer Library Center\">OCLC</a>&#160;<span class=\"plainlinks noarchive nowrap\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://worldcat.org/fr/title/1268713764\">1268713764</a></span>)</small><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx&#95;ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft&#95;val&#95;fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Le%C3%A7ons+de+Marie+Curie+%28recueillies+par+Isabelle+Chavannes+en+1907%29+%3A+Physique+%C3%A9l%C3%A9mentaire+pour+les+enfants+de+nos+amis&amp;rft.pub=EDP+Science&amp;rft.aulast=Curie&amp;rft.aufirst=Marie&amp;rft.date=2003&amp;rft&#95;id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1268713764&amp;rfr&#95;id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AMarie+Curie\"></span></span></span></li></ul>\n<div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading2\"><h2 id=\"Hommages\">Hommages</h2><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">[</span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Marie_Curie&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=17\" title=\"Modifier la section : Hommages\" class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\"><span>modifier</span></a><span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | </span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Marie_Curie&amp;action=edit&amp;section=17\" title=\"Modifier le code source de la section : Hommages\"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">]</span></span></div>\n<figure class=\"mw-default-size\" typeof=\"mw:File/Thumb\"><a href=\"/wiki/Fichier:Panth%C3%A9on_Pierre_et_Marie_Curie.JPG\" class=\"mw-file-description\"><img src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Panth%C3%A9on_Pierre_et_Marie_Curie.JPG/250px-Panth%C3%A9on_Pierre_et_Marie_Curie.JPG?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"190\" height=\"253\" style=\"--mw-file-upright: 0.75\" class=\"mw-file-element mw-file-upright\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Panth%C3%A9on_Pierre_et_Marie_Curie.JPG/500px-Panth%C3%A9on_Pierre_et_Marie_Curie.JPG?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" data-file-width=\"1536\" data-file-height=\"2048\" /></a><figcaption>Tombes de Marie (en haut) et de <a href=\"/wiki/Pierre_Curie\" title=\"Pierre Curie\">Pierre Curie</a> (en bas) au <a href=\"/wiki/Panth%C3%A9on_(Paris)\" title=\"Panthéon (Paris)\">Panthéon</a>.</figcaption></figure>\n<p>L'année 2011 a été proclamée «&#160;année Marie Curie<sup id=\"cite&#95;ref-58\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-58\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#91;</span>58<span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#93;</span></a></sup>&#160;» et <a href=\"/wiki/Ann%C3%A9e_internationale_de_la_chimie\" title=\"Année internationale de la chimie\">année internationale de la chimie</a> par l’<a href=\"/wiki/Assembl%C3%A9e_g%C3%A9n%C3%A9rale_des_Nations_unies\" title=\"Assemblée générale des Nations unies\">Assemblée générale des Nations unies</a> pour célébrer le <abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"Centième\">100<sup>e</sup></abbr>&#160;anniversaire de son <a href=\"/wiki/Prix_Nobel_de_chimie\" title=\"Prix Nobel de chimie\">prix Nobel de chimie</a>.\n</p>\n<div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading3\"><h3 id=\"Distinctions\">Distinctions</h3><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">[</span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Marie_Curie&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=18\" title=\"Modifier la section : Distinctions\" class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\"><span>modifier</span></a><span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | </span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Marie_Curie&amp;action=edit&amp;section=18\" title=\"Modifier le code source de la section : Distinctions\"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">]</span></span></div>\n<ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Prix_Nobel_de_physique\" title=\"Prix Nobel de physique\">Prix Nobel de physique</a> (1903), aux côtés de son époux — prix partagé avec <a href=\"/wiki/Henri_Becquerel\" title=\"Henri Becquerel\">Henri Becquerel</a><sup id=\"cite&#95;ref-laureat&#95;Nobel&#95;1903&#95;29-2\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-laureat_Nobel_1903-29\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#91;</span>29<span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#93;</span></a></sup>&#160;;</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Prix_Acton\" title=\"Prix Acton\">Prix Acton</a> (1907), pour son essai <i>Recherches sur les Substances Radioactives</i>&#160;;</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Prix_Nobel_de_chimie\" title=\"Prix Nobel de chimie\">Prix Nobel de chimie</a> (1911), à titre individuel pour ses travaux sur le <a href=\"/wiki/Polonium\" title=\"Polonium\">polonium</a> et le <a href=\"/wiki/Radium\" title=\"Radium\">radium</a><sup id=\"cite&#95;ref-laureat&#95;Nobel&#95;1911&#95;44-2\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-laureat_Nobel_1911-44\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#91;</span>44<span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#93;</span></a></sup>&#160;;</li>\n<li>Avec son époux Pierre Curie, elle refuse la <a href=\"/wiki/Ordre_national_de_la_L%C3%A9gion_d%27honneur\" title=\"Ordre national de la Légion d&#39;honneur\">Légion d'honneur</a>. Pierre Curie déclare&#160;: <span class=\"citation\">«&#160;Je n'en vois pas la nécessité&#160;»</span>. Selon <a href=\"/wiki/%C3%88ve_Curie\" title=\"Ève Curie\">Ève Curie</a>, Marie l’aurait acceptée si elle lui avait été donnée pour «&#160;fait de guerre&#160;» à la suite de la mise en place des «&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Petites_Curies\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Petites Curies\">petites Curies</a>&#160;»<sup id=\"cite&#95;ref-59\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-59\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#91;</span>59<span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#93;</span></a></sup>.</li></ul>\n<div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading3\"><h3 id=\"Au_Panthéon\"><span id=\"Au_Panth.C3.A9on\"></span>Au Panthéon</h3><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">[</span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Marie_Curie&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=19\" title=\"Modifier la section : Au Panthéon\" class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\"><span>modifier</span></a><span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | </span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Marie_Curie&amp;action=edit&amp;section=19\" title=\"Modifier le code source de la section : Au Panthéon\"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">]</span></span></div>\n<figure class=\"mw-default-size\" typeof=\"mw:File/Thumb\"><a href=\"/wiki/Fichier:Pantheon_Paris_2008.JPG\" class=\"mw-file-description\"><img src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Pantheon_Paris_2008.JPG/250px-Pantheon_Paris_2008.JPG?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"250\" height=\"206\" class=\"mw-file-element\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Pantheon_Paris_2008.JPG/500px-Pantheon_Paris_2008.JPG?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" data-file-width=\"2260\" data-file-height=\"1863\" /></a><figcaption>Le <a href=\"/wiki/Panth%C3%A9on_(Paris)\" title=\"Panthéon (Paris)\">Panthéon</a>, à <a href=\"/wiki/Paris\" title=\"Paris\">Paris</a>.</figcaption></figure>\n<p>D'abord inhumée à Sceaux dans le caveau de la famille Curie, ses restes ont été transférés avec ceux de son mari <a href=\"/wiki/Pierre_Curie\" title=\"Pierre Curie\">Pierre Curie</a> dans le <a href=\"/wiki/Liste_des_personnes_inhum%C3%A9es_au_Panth%C3%A9on_de_Paris#Personnalités_inhumées\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Liste des personnes inhumées au Panthéon de Paris\"><span class=\"nowrap\">caveau <abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"8\"><span class=\"romain\" style=\"text-transform:uppercase\">VIII</span></abbr></span></a> du <a href=\"/wiki/Panth%C3%A9on_(Paris)#1995\" title=\"Panthéon (Paris)\">Panthéon</a> à Paris le <time class=\"nowrap\" datetime=\"1995-04-20\" data-sort-value=\"1995-04-20\">20 avril 1995</time>, sur décision du président <a href=\"/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Mitterrand\" title=\"François Mitterrand\">François Mitterrand</a> et en présence du président polonais <a href=\"/wiki/Lech_Wa%C5%82%C4%99sa\" title=\"Lech Wałęsa\">Lech Wałęsa</a>. Elle est, jusqu'en 2014, la seule femme honorée au Panthéon pour son mérite propre<sup id=\"cite&#95;ref-60\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-60\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#91;</span>60<span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#93;</span></a></sup>. Pour éviter tout risque d'irradiation résiduelle, son corps momifié, sorti de son cercueil contenant une couche de plomb entre deux épaisseurs de bois, est placé au Panthéon dans une sépulture plombée<sup id=\"cite&#95;ref-61\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-61\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#91;</span>61<span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#93;</span></a></sup>.\n</p><p>Cette précaution est en fait inutile&#160;: les analyses faites par l'<a href=\"/wiki/Office_de_protection_contre_les_rayonnements_ionisants\" title=\"Office de protection contre les rayonnements ionisants\">Office de protection contre les rayonnements ionisants</a> au moment où le corps a été transféré du <a href=\"/wiki/Cimeti%C3%A8re_de_Sceaux\" title=\"Cimetière de Sceaux\">cimetière de Sceaux</a> au Panthéon en <time class=\"nowrap\" datetime=\"1995-04\" data-sort-value=\"1995-04\">avril 1995</time> montrent un niveau résiduel de radioactivité du squelette de 0,2&#160;<abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"becquerel par centimètre carré\"><a href=\"/wiki/Becquerel\" title=\"Becquerel\">Bq</a>/cm<sup>2</sup></abbr> beta et 0,5&#160;<abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"becquerel par centimètre carré\">Bq/cm<sup>2</sup></abbr> alpha, ainsi qu'un niveau inférieur au seuil de détectabilité pour le cercueil<sup id=\"cite&#95;ref-62\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-62\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#91;</span>62<span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class=\"reference cite&#95;virgule\">,</sup><sup id=\"cite&#95;ref-Lubeneau&#95;63-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-Lubeneau-63\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#91;</span>63<span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#93;</span></a></sup>. Le <a href=\"/wiki/Isotopes_du_radium\" title=\"Isotopes du radium\">radium 226</a> présent dans son corps aurait pu être éliminé spontanément dans les dernières années de sa vie pour plusieurs raisons&#160;: du fait de l'amélioration des mesures de protection dans son laboratoire et d'une activité moindre sur ce sujet de recherche. La demi-vie biologique du radium est de 900 jours dans le corps entier et de 5,5 ans dans les os. Chez une femme ménopausée, l'<a href=\"/wiki/Ost%C3%A9oporose\" title=\"Ostéoporose\">ostéoporose</a> aurait accéléré l'élimination du radium<sup id=\"cite&#95;ref-Lubeneau&#95;63-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-Lubeneau-63\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#91;</span>63<span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#93;</span></a></sup>.\n</p>\n<div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading3\"><h3 id=\"Musées_Curie\"><span id=\"Mus.C3.A9es_Curie\"></span>Musées Curie</h3><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">[</span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Marie_Curie&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=20\" title=\"Modifier la section : Musées Curie\" class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\"><span>modifier</span></a><span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | </span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Marie_Curie&amp;action=edit&amp;section=20\" title=\"Modifier le code source de la section : Musées Curie\"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">]</span></span></div>\n<ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Paris\" title=\"Paris\">Paris</a>&#160;: au sein de l’<a href=\"/wiki/Institut_Curie\" title=\"Institut Curie\">institut Curie</a><sup id=\"cite&#95;ref-64\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-64\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#91;</span>64<span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#93;</span></a></sup> à Paris, un <a href=\"/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_Curie\" title=\"Musée Curie\">musée Curie</a> a été édifié dans les locaux mêmes de l'ancien <a href=\"/wiki/Institut_du_radium\" title=\"Institut du radium\">Institut du radium</a>, où la scientifique travailla jusqu'à sa mort. Entièrement gratuit, il propose au public de découvrir un riche patrimoine scientifique et retrace, à travers les parcours personnel et professionnel de la famille aux cinq prix Nobel, les grandes étapes de l'histoire de la radioactivité et de la lutte contre le cancer.</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Varsovie\" title=\"Varsovie\">Varsovie</a>&#160;: le <a href=\"/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_Maria_Sk%C5%82odowska-Curie_(Varsovie)\" title=\"Musée Maria Skłodowska-Curie (Varsovie)\">musée Maria Skłodowska-Curie</a>, situé <i><span class=\"lang-pl\" lang=\"pl\"><a href=\"/wiki/Rue_Freta\" title=\"Rue Freta\">ulica Freta</a></span></i> 16.</li></ul>\n<div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading3\"><h3 id=\"Monuments\">Monuments</h3><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">[</span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Marie_Curie&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=21\" title=\"Modifier la section : Monuments\" class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\"><span>modifier</span></a><span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | </span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Marie_Curie&amp;action=edit&amp;section=21\" title=\"Modifier le code source de la section : Monuments\"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">]</span></span></div>\n<ul><li>Monument à l'<a href=\"/wiki/Universit%C3%A9_Marie_Curie-Sk%C5%82odowska\" title=\"Université Marie Curie-Skłodowska\">université Marie Curie-Skłodowska</a> de <a href=\"/wiki/Lublin\" title=\"Lublin\">Lublin</a> en <a href=\"/wiki/Pologne\" title=\"Pologne\">Pologne</a></li>\n<li>Autre monument dans la vieille ville de <a href=\"/wiki/Police_(Pologne)\" title=\"Police (Pologne)\">Police</a> en <a href=\"/wiki/Pologne\" title=\"Pologne\">Pologne</a></li></ul>\n<ul class=\"gallery mw-gallery-packed\">\n\t<li class=\"gallerycaption\">Monuments portant le nom Marie Skłodowska-Curie</li>\n\t\t<li class=\"gallerybox\" style=\"width: 92px\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"thumb\" style=\"width: 90px;\"><span typeof=\"mw:File\"><a href=\"/wiki/Fichier:Sklodowska-Curie_statue,_Warsaw.JPG\" class=\"mw-file-description\" title=\"Monument à Varsovie, Pologne.\"><img alt=\"Monument à Varsovie, Pologne.\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Sklodowska-Curie_statue%2C_Warsaw.JPG/250px-Sklodowska-Curie_statue%2C_Warsaw.JPG?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"90\" height=\"120\" class=\"mw-file-element\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Sklodowska-Curie_statue%2C_Warsaw.JPG/330px-Sklodowska-Curie_statue%2C_Warsaw.JPG?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" data-file-width=\"2112\" data-file-height=\"2816\" /></a></span></div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"gallerytext\">Monument à <a href=\"/wiki/Varsovie\" title=\"Varsovie\">Varsovie</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Pologne\" title=\"Pologne\">Pologne</a>.</div>\n\t\t</li>\n\t\t<li class=\"gallerybox\" style=\"width: 92px\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"thumb\" style=\"width: 90px;\"><span typeof=\"mw:File\"><a href=\"/wiki/Fichier:Lublin_UMCS_Pomnik_Marii_Curie-Sk%C5%82odowskiej.jpg\" class=\"mw-file-description\" title=\"Monument à Lublin, Pologne.\"><img alt=\"Monument à Lublin, Pologne.\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Lublin_UMCS_Pomnik_Marii_Curie-Sk%C5%82odowskiej.jpg/250px-Lublin_UMCS_Pomnik_Marii_Curie-Sk%C5%82odowskiej.jpg?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"90\" height=\"120\" class=\"mw-file-element\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Lublin_UMCS_Pomnik_Marii_Curie-Sk%C5%82odowskiej.jpg/330px-Lublin_UMCS_Pomnik_Marii_Curie-Sk%C5%82odowskiej.jpg?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" data-file-width=\"2112\" data-file-height=\"2816\" /></a></span></div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"gallerytext\">Monument à <a href=\"/wiki/Lublin\" title=\"Lublin\">Lublin</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Pologne\" title=\"Pologne\">Pologne</a>.</div>\n\t\t</li>\n\t\t<li class=\"gallerybox\" style=\"width: 84px\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"thumb\" style=\"width: 82px;\"><span typeof=\"mw:File\"><a href=\"/wiki/Fichier:0904_PMSK_Police_ZPL.JPG\" class=\"mw-file-description\" title=\"Monument à Police en Pologne.\"><img alt=\"Monument à Police en Pologne.\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/0904_PMSK_Police_ZPL.JPG/250px-0904_PMSK_Police_ZPL.JPG?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"82\" height=\"120\" class=\"mw-file-element\" data-file-width=\"1774\" data-file-height=\"2593\" /></a></span></div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"gallerytext\">Monument à <a href=\"/wiki/Police_(Pologne)\" title=\"Police (Pologne)\">Police</a> en <a href=\"/wiki/Pologne\" title=\"Pologne\">Pologne</a>.</div>\n\t\t</li>\n</ul>\n<div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading3\"><h3 id=\"Sciences\">Sciences</h3><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">[</span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Marie_Curie&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=22\" title=\"Modifier la section : Sciences\" class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\"><span>modifier</span></a><span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | </span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Marie_Curie&amp;action=edit&amp;section=22\" title=\"Modifier le code source de la section : Sciences\"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">]</span></span></div>\n<ul><li>L’<a href=\"/wiki/%C3%89l%C3%A9ment_chimique\" title=\"Élément chimique\">élément</a> atomique <abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"numéro\">n<sup>o</sup></abbr>&#160;96, découvert en 1944, a été baptisé <a href=\"/wiki/Curium\" title=\"Curium\">curium</a> en l’honneur de <a href=\"/wiki/Pierre_Curie\" title=\"Pierre Curie\">Pierre</a> et Marie Curie.</li>\n<li>L'<a href=\"/wiki/Ast%C3%A9ro%C3%AFde\" title=\"Astéroïde\">astéroïde</a> <a href=\"/wiki/(7000)_Curie\" title=\"(7000) Curie\">(7000) Curie</a>, découvert en 1939, a été baptisé en son honneur.</li>\n<li>L'<a href=\"/wiki/Union_astronomique_internationale\" title=\"Union astronomique internationale\">Union astronomique internationale</a> a donné le nom de «&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Sklodowska\" title=\"Sklodowska\">Sklodowska</a>&#160;» à un <a href=\"/wiki/Crat%C3%A8res_lunaires\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Cratères lunaires\">cratère lunaire</a> en 1961 et à un <a href=\"/wiki/Liste_des_crat%C3%A8res_d%27impact_sur_Mars\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Liste des cratères d&#39;impact sur Mars\">cratère martien</a> en 1973.</li>\n<li>La <a href=\"/wiki/Sklodowskite\" title=\"Sklodowskite\">sklodowskite</a>, la <a href=\"/wiki/Curite\" title=\"Curite\">curite</a> et la <a href=\"/wiki/Cuprosklodowskite\" title=\"Cuprosklodowskite\">cuprosklodowskite</a> sont des minéraux fortement radioactifs du groupe des silicates.</li></ul>\n<ul class=\"gallery mw-gallery-packed\">\n\t\t<li class=\"gallerybox\" style=\"width: 196.66666666667px\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"thumb\" style=\"width: 194.66666666667px;\"><span typeof=\"mw:File\"><a href=\"/wiki/Fichier:Curite.jpg\" class=\"mw-file-description\" title=\"La curite (de formule chimique Pb3(UO2)8O8(OH)6·3(H2O)), minéral radioactif.\"><img alt=\"La curite (de formule chimique Pb3(UO2)8O8(OH)6·3(H2O)), minéral radioactif.\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Curite.jpg/330px-Curite.jpg?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"195\" height=\"120\" class=\"mw-file-element\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6d/Curite.jpg?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled 2x\" data-file-width=\"412\" data-file-height=\"254\" /></a></span></div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"gallerytext\">La curite (de formule chimique Pb<sub>3</sub>(UO<sub>2</sub>)<sub>8</sub>O<sub>8</sub>(OH)<sub>6</sub>·3(H<sub>2</sub>O)), minéral radioactif.</div>\n\t\t</li>\n\t\t<li class=\"gallerybox\" style=\"width: 182.66666666667px\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"thumb\" style=\"width: 180.66666666667px;\"><span typeof=\"mw:File\"><a href=\"/wiki/Fichier:Joseph-de-la-neziere-pierre-et-marie-curie-decouvrent-le-radium-1938.jpg\" class=\"mw-file-description\" title=\"1931, Union internationale contre le cancer.\"><img alt=\"1931, Union internationale contre le cancer.\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Joseph-de-la-neziere-pierre-et-marie-curie-decouvrent-le-radium-1938.jpg/330px-Joseph-de-la-neziere-pierre-et-marie-curie-decouvrent-le-radium-1938.jpg?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"181\" height=\"120\" class=\"mw-file-element\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8e/Joseph-de-la-neziere-pierre-et-marie-curie-decouvrent-le-radium-1938.jpg?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled 2x\" data-file-width=\"600\" data-file-height=\"399\" /></a></span></div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"gallerytext\">1931, Union internationale contre le cancer.</div>\n\t\t</li>\n</ul>\n<div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading3\"><h3 id=\"Universités,_enseignement,_hôpitaux\"><span id=\"Universit.C3.A9s.2C_enseignement.2C_h.C3.B4pitaux\"></span>Universités, enseignement, hôpitaux</h3><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">[</span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Marie_Curie&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=23\" title=\"Modifier la section : Universités, enseignement, hôpitaux\" class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\"><span>modifier</span></a><span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | </span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Marie_Curie&amp;action=edit&amp;section=23\" title=\"Modifier le code source de la section : Universités, enseignement, hôpitaux\"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">]</span></span></div>\n<figure class=\"mw-default-size\" typeof=\"mw:File/Thumb\"><a href=\"/wiki/Fichier:Laboratory_-_Pierre_%26_Marie_Curie_-_10_rue_Vauquelin,_Paris_5.jpg\" class=\"mw-file-description\"><img src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Laboratory_-_Pierre_%26_Marie_Curie_-_10_rue_Vauquelin%2C_Paris_5.jpg/250px-Laboratory_-_Pierre_%26_Marie_Curie_-_10_rue_Vauquelin%2C_Paris_5.jpg?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"190\" height=\"215\" style=\"--mw-file-upright: 0.75\" class=\"mw-file-element mw-file-upright\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Laboratory_-_Pierre_%26_Marie_Curie_-_10_rue_Vauquelin%2C_Paris_5.jpg/500px-Laboratory_-_Pierre_%26_Marie_Curie_-_10_rue_Vauquelin%2C_Paris_5.jpg?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" data-file-width=\"2907\" data-file-height=\"3295\" /></a><figcaption>Plaque aposée au 10 <a href=\"/wiki/Rue_Vauquelin_(Paris)\" title=\"Rue Vauquelin (Paris)\">rue Vauquelin</a> à Paris.</figcaption></figure>\n<ul><li>L'Institut central national polonais de cancérologie nommé <i><span class=\"lang-pl\" lang=\"pl\">Centrum Onkologii – Instytut im. Marii Skłodowskiej-Curie</span></i>, à Varsovie («&#160;Centre d'oncologie - institut Marie Sklodowska-Curie&#160;»<sup id=\"cite&#95;ref-65\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-65\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#91;</span>65<span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#93;</span></a></sup>).</li>\n<li>Un centre d'imagerie médicale de l'hôpital de <a href=\"/wiki/Soissons\" title=\"Soissons\">Soissons</a> dans l'<a href=\"/wiki/Aisne_(d%C3%A9partement)\" title=\"Aisne (département)\">Aisne</a> porte le nom de Marie Curie<sup id=\"cite&#95;ref-66\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-66\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#91;</span>66<span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#93;</span></a></sup>.</li>\n<li>L'<a href=\"/wiki/Universit%C3%A9_Pierre-et-Marie-Curie\" title=\"Université Pierre-et-Marie-Curie\">université Paris 6</a>, en <a href=\"/wiki/France\" title=\"France\">France</a>, porte le nom d’université Pierre-et-Marie-Curie.</li>\n<li>L’université publique de <a href=\"/wiki/Lublin\" title=\"Lublin\">Lublin</a>, en <a href=\"/wiki/Pologne\" title=\"Pologne\">Pologne</a>, porte le nom d'<a href=\"/wiki/Universit%C3%A9_Marie_Curie-Sk%C5%82odowska\" title=\"Université Marie Curie-Skłodowska\">université Marie Curie-Skłodowska</a>. <i>Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej w Lublinie</i><sup id=\"cite&#95;ref-67\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-67\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#91;</span>67<span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#93;</span></a></sup>.</li>\n<li>À <a href=\"/wiki/Poitiers\" title=\"Poitiers\">Poitiers</a>, une cité universitaire porte son nom, près d'une rue qui porte également son nom.</li>\n<li>La <i>Marie Curie <span class=\"lang-en\" lang=\"en\">Fellowship Association</span></i><sup id=\"cite&#95;ref-68\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-68\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#91;</span>68<span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#93;</span></a></sup> est un programme d’aide à la mobilité géographique pour les jeunes chercheurs <a href=\"/wiki/Europe\" title=\"Europe\">européens</a>.</li>\n<li>En 2015, Marie Curie est le douzième personnage le plus célébré au fronton des 67&#160;000&#160;établissements publics français&#160;: pas moins de 360 écoles, collèges et lycées ont pris son nom, derrière <a href=\"/wiki/Joseph_(Nouveau_Testament)\" title=\"Joseph (Nouveau Testament)\">Joseph</a> (880), <a href=\"/wiki/Jules_Ferry\" title=\"Jules Ferry\">Jules Ferry</a> (642), Notre-Dame (546), <a href=\"/wiki/Jacques_Pr%C3%A9vert\" title=\"Jacques Prévert\">Jacques Prévert</a> (472), <a href=\"/wiki/Jean_Moulin\" title=\"Jean Moulin\">Jean Moulin</a> (434), <a href=\"/wiki/Jean_Jaur%C3%A8s\" title=\"Jean Jaurès\">Jean Jaurès</a> (429), <a href=\"/wiki/Jeanne_d%27Arc\" title=\"Jeanne d&#39;Arc\">Jeanne d'Arc</a> (423), <a href=\"/wiki/Antoine_de_Saint-Exup%C3%A9ry\" title=\"Antoine de Saint-Exupéry\">Antoine de Saint-Exupéry</a> (418), <a href=\"/wiki/Marie_(m%C3%A8re_de_J%C3%A9sus)\" title=\"Marie (mère de Jésus)\">Sainte Marie</a> (377), <a href=\"/wiki/Victor_Hugo\" title=\"Victor Hugo\">Victor Hugo</a> (365), <a href=\"/wiki/Louis_Pasteur\" title=\"Louis Pasteur\">Louis Pasteur</a> (361), mais devant <a href=\"/wiki/Pierre_Curie\" title=\"Pierre Curie\">Pierre Curie</a> (357), <a href=\"/wiki/Jean_de_la_Fontaine\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Jean de la Fontaine\">Jean de la Fontaine</a> (335)<sup id=\"cite&#95;ref-69\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-69\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#91;</span>69<span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#93;</span></a></sup>. Des lycées français portent le nom de Marie Curie à <a href=\"/wiki/%C3%89chirolles\" title=\"Échirolles\">Échirolles</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Marseille\" title=\"Marseille\">Marseille</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Nogent-sur-Oise\" title=\"Nogent-sur-Oise\">Nogent-sur-Oise</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Sceaux_(Hauts-de-Seine)\" title=\"Sceaux (Hauts-de-Seine)\">Sceaux</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Strasbourg\" title=\"Strasbourg\">Strasbourg</a> (qui a créé <i>Schulradio «&#160;Marie Curie&#160;»</i>), <a href=\"/wiki/Tarbes\" title=\"Tarbes\">Tarbes</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Versailles\" title=\"Versailles\">Versailles</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Menton_(Alpes-Maritimes)\" title=\"Menton (Alpes-Maritimes)\">Menton</a> (Alpes Maritimes), <a href=\"/wiki/Vire\" title=\"Vire\">Vire</a> (Calvados) et <a href=\"/wiki/Saint-Beno%C3%AEt_(La_R%C3%A9union)\" title=\"Saint-Benoît (La Réunion)\">Saint-Benoît</a> (La Réunion). Des écoles et collèges français portent le nom de Marie Curie notamment à <a href=\"/wiki/Bernay_(Eure)\" title=\"Bernay (Eure)\">Bernay (Eure)</a>, à <a href=\"/wiki/D%C3%A9sertines_(Allier)\" title=\"Désertines (Allier)\">Désertines (Allier)</a>, à <a href=\"/wiki/%C3%89tampes\" title=\"Étampes\">Étampes</a>, à <a href=\"/wiki/Fontoy\" title=\"Fontoy\">Fontoy</a> (Moselle), à <a href=\"/wiki/La_Seyne-sur-Mer\" title=\"La Seyne-sur-Mer\">La Seyne-sur-Mer</a>, aux <a href=\"/wiki/Les_Lilas\" title=\"Les Lilas\">Lilas</a> (Seine-Saint-Denis), à <a href=\"/wiki/Lunel\" title=\"Lunel\">Lunel</a> (Hérault), à Paris (<abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"Dix-huitième\">18<sup>e</sup></abbr>), à <a href=\"/wiki/Pignan\" title=\"Pignan\">Pignan</a> (Hérault), à <a href=\"/wiki/Provins\" title=\"Provins\">Provins</a>, à <a href=\"/wiki/Rion-des-Landes\" title=\"Rion-des-Landes\">Rion-des-Landes</a>, à <a href=\"/wiki/Saint-Amand-les-Eaux\" title=\"Saint-Amand-les-Eaux\">Saint-Amand-les-Eaux</a>, à <a href=\"/wiki/Saint-Laurent-Nouan\" title=\"Saint-Laurent-Nouan\">Saint-Laurent-Nouan</a> (Loir-et-Cher), à <a href=\"/wiki/Tourcoing\" title=\"Tourcoing\">Tourcoing</a>, à <a href=\"/wiki/Tournon-sur-Rh%C3%B4ne\" title=\"Tournon-sur-Rhône\">Tournon-sur-Rhône</a> (Ardèche), à <a href=\"/wiki/Troyes\" title=\"Troyes\">Troyes</a>, etc.</li>\n<li>Des lycées polonais portent le nom de Marie Curie (Liceum ogólnokształcące im. Marii Skłodowskiej-Curie) notamment à <a href=\"/wiki/Varsovie\" title=\"Varsovie\">Varsovie</a> (XXIII Liceum ogólnokształcące), à <a href=\"/wiki/Katowice\" title=\"Katowice\">Katowice</a> (VIII Liceum ogólnokształcące), à <a href=\"/wiki/Gorz%C3%B3w_Wielkopolski\" title=\"Gorzów Wielkopolski\">Gorzów Wielkopolski</a> (II Liceum ogólnokształcące), à <a href=\"/wiki/Czechowice-Dziedzice\" title=\"Czechowice-Dziedzice\">Czechowice-Dziedzice</a> (seul lycée), <a href=\"/wiki/Andrych%C3%B3w\" title=\"Andrychów\">Andrychów</a> (seul lycée), etc.</li>\n<li>Des écoles vietnamiennes portent le nom de Marie Curie&#160;: le <a href=\"/wiki/Lyc%C3%A9e_Marie-Curie_(H%C3%B4_Chi_Minh-Ville)\" title=\"Lycée Marie-Curie (Hô Chi Minh-Ville)\">lycée Marie-Curie à Hô Chi Minh Ville</a> et l'école privée Marie-Curie à Hanoï.</li>\n<li>Une plaque à son nom est apposée à côté de l'entrée de l'<a href=\"/wiki/%C3%89cole_sup%C3%A9rieure_de_physique_et_de_chimie_industrielles_de_la_ville_de_Paris\" title=\"École supérieure de physique et de chimie industrielles de la ville de Paris\">ESPCI</a>, rue Vauquelin, où était situé le laboratoire dans lequel furent isolés le radium et le polonium.</li>\n<li>Le collège français de Montréal a nommé un de ses bâtiments «&#160;pavillon Marie-Curie&#160;», plus précisément le pavillon des sciences.</li>\n<li>L'<a href=\"/wiki/Institut_national_des_sciences_appliqu%C3%A9es_de_Lyon\" title=\"Institut national des sciences appliquées de Lyon\">Institut national des sciences appliquées (INSA) de Lyon</a> fusionne en <time class=\"nowrap\" datetime=\"2009-11\" data-sort-value=\"2009-11\">novembre 2009</time> ses deux principales <a href=\"/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que\" title=\"Bibliothèque\">bibliothèques</a> sous le nom <i>Bibliothèque Marie-Curie</i>, inaugurée en <time class=\"nowrap\" datetime=\"2010-04\" data-sort-value=\"2010-04\">avril 2010</time><sup id=\"cite&#95;ref-70\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-70\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#91;</span>70<span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#93;</span></a></sup>.</li>\n<li>Les promotions 2011-2012 de l'<a href=\"/wiki/%C3%89cole_nationale_d%27administration_(France)\" title=\"École nationale d&#39;administration (France)\">École nationale d'administration</a> et du <a href=\"/wiki/Coll%C3%A8ge_d%27Europe\" title=\"Collège d&#39;Europe\">Collège d'Europe</a> portent le nom de Marie Curie<sup id=\"cite&#95;ref-71\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-71\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#91;</span>71<span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#93;</span></a></sup>.</li>\n<li>L’amphithéâtre de mille places du <a href=\"/wiki/Campus_5_de_Caen\" title=\"Campus 5 de Caen\">pôle de formation sur la recherche et la santé</a> (PFRS) de <a href=\"/wiki/Caen\" title=\"Caen\">Caen</a>, porte le nom de Marie Curie.</li>\n<li>L'<a href=\"/wiki/H%C3%B4pital_civil_Marie_Curie\" title=\"Hôpital civil Marie Curie\">hôpital civil Marie Curie</a> - <a href=\"/wiki/Charleroi\" title=\"Charleroi\">Charleroi</a>.</li>\n<li>L'<a href=\"/wiki/UCLouvain\" title=\"UCLouvain\">UCLouvain</a> en Belgique possède un bâtiment d'auditoires et laboratoires au nom de Marie Curie (situé à côté du bâtiment Pierre Curie) dépendant de l'<a href=\"/wiki/%C3%89cole_polytechnique_de_Louvain\" title=\"École polytechnique de Louvain\">École polytechnique de Louvain</a>.</li></ul>\n<div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading3\"><h3 id=\"Émissions_monétaires\"><span id=\".C3.89missions_mon.C3.A9taires\"></span>Émissions monétaires</h3><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">[</span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Marie_Curie&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=24\" title=\"Modifier la section : Émissions monétaires\" class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\"><span>modifier</span></a><span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | </span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Marie_Curie&amp;action=edit&amp;section=24\" title=\"Modifier le code source de la section : Émissions monétaires\"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">]</span></span></div>\n<figure class=\"mw-default-size\" typeof=\"mw:File/Thumb\"><a href=\"/wiki/Fichier:FRA-500f-anv.jpg\" class=\"mw-file-description\"><img src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/FRA-500f-anv.jpg/250px-FRA-500f-anv.jpg?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"250\" height=\"130\" class=\"mw-file-element\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/FRA-500f-anv.jpg/500px-FRA-500f-anv.jpg?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" data-file-width=\"1280\" data-file-height=\"666\" /></a><figcaption>Billet de 500 <a href=\"/wiki/Franc_fran%C3%A7ais\" title=\"Franc français\">francs français</a>.</figcaption></figure>\n<ul><li>Un billet de 500&#160;<abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"francs français\"><a href=\"/wiki/Franc_fran%C3%A7ais\" title=\"Franc français\">francs français</a></abbr> a été émis <a href=\"/wiki/Billet_de_500_francs_Pierre_et_Marie_Curie\" title=\"Billet de 500 francs Pierre et Marie Curie\">à l'effigie de Marie et Pierre Curie</a>.</li>\n<li>Un billet de 20&#160;000&#160;<abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"złotys\"><a href=\"/wiki/Z%C5%82oty\" title=\"Złoty\">złotys</a></abbr> polonais a été émis à l’effigie de Marie Curie<sup id=\"cite&#95;ref-72\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-72\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#91;</span>72<span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#93;</span></a></sup>.</li>\n<li>En 1984, trois pièces (frappe monnaie) de 100&#160;francs <a href=\"/wiki/Pi%C3%A8ce_de_100_francs_Marie_Curie\" title=\"Pièce de 100 francs Marie Curie\">à son effigie</a>, en argent BU, argent BE et or BE, ont été frappées à l'occasion du cinquantenaire de sa mort.</li>\n<li>En 1997, deux pièces (frappe monnaie) ont été émises à l'effigie de Marie et Pierre Curie&#160;: 100&#160;francs argent BE et 500&#160;francs or BE</li>\n<li>En 2006, deux pièces (frappe médaille) de 20&#160;euros sont sorties à son effigie, en argent BE et en or BE.</li>\n<li>En <time class=\"nowrap\" datetime=\"2024-03\" data-sort-value=\"2024-03\">mars 2024</time>, la <a href=\"/wiki/Monnaie_de_Paris\" title=\"Monnaie de Paris\">Monnaie de Paris</a> annonce qu'elle va mettre en circulation une nouvelle pièce de 50 centimes d'euros à l'effigie de Marie Curie<sup id=\"cite&#95;ref-73\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-73\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#91;</span>73<span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#93;</span></a></sup>.</li>\n<li>En 2025, elle est choisie pour figurer sur le recto des nouveaux billets de 20 euros, dans le thème «&#160;culture européenne&#160;», dans le cadre d’un concours de graphisme et d’une enquête publique de la <a href=\"/wiki/Banque_centrale_europ%C3%A9enne\" title=\"Banque centrale européenne\">Banque centrale européenne</a> en 2026.</li></ul>\n<div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading3\"><h3 id=\"Philatélie\"><span id=\"Philat.C3.A9lie\"></span>Philatélie</h3><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">[</span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Marie_Curie&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=25\" title=\"Modifier la section : Philatélie\" class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\"><span>modifier</span></a><span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | </span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Marie_Curie&amp;action=edit&amp;section=25\" title=\"Modifier le code source de la section : Philatélie\"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">]</span></span></div>\n<ul><li>En 1931, un timbre l'associant avec son mari pour l'Union internationale contre le cancer est dessiné par <a href=\"/wiki/Joseph_de_La_N%C3%A9zi%C3%A8re\" title=\"Joseph de La Nézière\">Joseph de La Nézière</a> pour l'administration postale française et décliné dans les différents territoires et colonies de l'époque.</li>\n<li>Un <a href=\"/wiki/Timbre_postal\" title=\"Timbre postal\">timbre-poste</a> a été émis en 1938 (catalogue Yvert-Tellier <abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"numéro\">n<sup>o</sup></abbr>&#160;402), à l'occasion des 40 ans de la découverte du <a href=\"/wiki/Radium\" title=\"Radium\">radium</a> par <a href=\"/wiki/Pierre_Curie\" title=\"Pierre Curie\">Pierre</a> et Marie Curie<sup id=\"cite&#95;ref-74\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-74\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#91;</span>74<span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#93;</span></a></sup>.</li>\n<li>Un timbre-poste a été émis en 1967 (catalogue Yvert-Tellier n° 1533), pour le centenaire de la naissance de Marie Curie<sup id=\"cite&#95;ref-75\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-75\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#91;</span>75<span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#93;</span></a></sup>.</li>\n<li>Un timbre-poste a été émis en 1998 (catalogue Yvert-Tellier <abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"numéro\">n<sup>o</sup></abbr>&#160;3210), pour le centenaire de la découverte du radium.</li>\n<li>Deux timbres-poste ont été émis le <time class=\"nowrap\" datetime=\"2011-01-27\" data-sort-value=\"2011-01-27\">27 janvier 2011</time> (catalogue Yvert-Tellier&#160;: en feuille <abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"numéro\">n<sup>o</sup></abbr>&#160;4532 et auto-adhésif <abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"numéro\">n<sup>o</sup></abbr>&#160;524) pour inaugurer l'Année Internationale de la Chimie et célébrer le deuxième prix Nobel de Marie Curie<sup id=\"cite&#95;ref-76\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-76\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#91;</span>76<span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#93;</span></a></sup>.</li>\n<li>Deux collectors (carnets de 10 timbres tarif Lettre prioritaire et tarif Lettre verte) de MonTimbre@Moi (timbre personnalisé) ont été émis le <time class=\"nowrap\" datetime=\"2013-03-08\" data-sort-value=\"2013-03-08\">8 mars 2013</time> par le musée Curie (1 <a href=\"/wiki/Rue_Pierre-et-Marie-Curie\" title=\"Rue Pierre-et-Marie-Curie\">rue Pierre-et-Marie-Curie</a> à Paris <abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"Cinquième\">5<sup>e</sup></abbr>) pour la <a href=\"/wiki/Journ%C3%A9e_internationale_de_la_Femme\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Journée internationale de la Femme\">Journée Internationale de la Femme</a>. Ils représentent Marie en 1913 (centenaire de la photo servant de visuel).</li>\n<li>D'autres pays, comme la Pologne, l'Allemagne (ancienne DDR), la Russie, l'Espagne et Cuba ont aussi émis des timbres en son honneur.Autres</li></ul>\n<div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading3\"><h3 id=\"Rues,_station_de_métro…\"><span id=\"Rues.2C_station_de_m.C3.A9tro.E2.80.A6\"></span>Rues, station de métro…</h3><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">[</span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Marie_Curie&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=26\" title=\"Modifier la section : Rues, station de métro…\" class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\"><span>modifier</span></a><span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | </span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Marie_Curie&amp;action=edit&amp;section=26\" title=\"Modifier le code source de la section : Rues, station de métro…\"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">]</span></span></div>\n<figure class=\"mw-default-size\" typeof=\"mw:File/Thumb\"><a href=\"/wiki/Fichier:92_avenue_Jean-Jaur%C3%A8s._Domicile_de_Marie_Curie_en_1891.jpg\" class=\"mw-file-description\"><img src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/92_avenue_Jean-Jaur%C3%A8s._Domicile_de_Marie_Curie_en_1891.jpg/250px-92_avenue_Jean-Jaur%C3%A8s._Domicile_de_Marie_Curie_en_1891.jpg?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"250\" height=\"244\" class=\"mw-file-element\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/92_avenue_Jean-Jaur%C3%A8s._Domicile_de_Marie_Curie_en_1891.jpg/500px-92_avenue_Jean-Jaur%C3%A8s._Domicile_de_Marie_Curie_en_1891.jpg?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" data-file-width=\"574\" data-file-height=\"560\" /></a><figcaption>92 avenue Jean-Jaurès (Paris, 19<sup>e</sup>), où habita Marie Curie.</figcaption></figure>\n<figure class=\"mw-default-size\" typeof=\"mw:File/Thumb\"><a href=\"/wiki/Fichier:Plaque_Pierre_%26_Marie_Curie,_24_rue_de_la_Glaci%C3%A8re,_Paris_13.jpg\" class=\"mw-file-description\"><img src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Plaque_Pierre_%26_Marie_Curie%2C_24_rue_de_la_Glaci%C3%A8re%2C_Paris_13.jpg/250px-Plaque_Pierre_%26_Marie_Curie%2C_24_rue_de_la_Glaci%C3%A8re%2C_Paris_13.jpg?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"250\" height=\"293\" class=\"mw-file-element\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Plaque_Pierre_%26_Marie_Curie%2C_24_rue_de_la_Glaci%C3%A8re%2C_Paris_13.jpg/500px-Plaque_Pierre_%26_Marie_Curie%2C_24_rue_de_la_Glaci%C3%A8re%2C_Paris_13.jpg?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" data-file-width=\"1630\" data-file-height=\"1910\" /></a><figcaption>24 rue de la Glacière (Paris, 13<sup>e</sup>), où habitèrent Pierre et Marie Curie.</figcaption></figure>\n<figure class=\"mw-default-size\" typeof=\"mw:File/Thumb\"><a href=\"/wiki/Fichier:Plaque_Marie_Curie.jpg\" class=\"mw-file-description\"><img src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Plaque_Marie_Curie.jpg/250px-Plaque_Marie_Curie.jpg?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"250\" height=\"182\" class=\"mw-file-element\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Plaque_Marie_Curie.jpg/500px-Plaque_Marie_Curie.jpg?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" data-file-width=\"1247\" data-file-height=\"910\" /></a><figcaption>36 quai de Béthune (<a href=\"/wiki/Paris\" title=\"Paris\">Paris</a>, 4<sup>e</sup>), où habita Marie Curie.</figcaption></figure>\n<ul><li>Rues Marie-Curie dans de très nombreuses villes, par exemple la <a href=\"/wiki/Rue_Pierre-et-Marie-Curie\" title=\"Rue Pierre-et-Marie-Curie\">rue Pierre-et-Marie-Curie</a> à Paris (en 2017, le nom fait partie des 200 les plus rencontrés en odonymie française<sup id=\"cite&#95;ref-77\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-77\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#91;</span>77<span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#93;</span></a></sup>).</li>\n<li>Plaques commémoratives apposées, à Paris, aux 92 <a href=\"/wiki/Avenue_Jean-Jaur%C3%A8s_(Paris)\" title=\"Avenue Jean-Jaurès (Paris)\">avenue Jean-Jaurès</a> (<abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"Dix-neuvième\">19<sup>e</sup></abbr> arrondissement), 24 <a href=\"/wiki/Rue_de_la_Glaci%C3%A8re_(Paris)\" title=\"Rue de la Glacière (Paris)\">rue de la Glacière</a> (<abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"Treizième\">13<sup>e</sup></abbr> arrondissement) et 36 <a href=\"/wiki/Quai_de_B%C3%A9thune\" title=\"Quai de Béthune\">quai de Béthune</a> (<abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"Quatrième\">4<sup>e</sup></abbr>&#160;arrondissement).</li>\n<li>Le <time class=\"nowrap\" datetime=\"2007-03-08\" data-sort-value=\"2007-03-08\">8 mars 2007</time>, la station du métro parisien (située à <a href=\"/wiki/Ivry-sur-Seine\" title=\"Ivry-sur-Seine\">Ivry</a>) <i>Pierre Curie</i> a été rebaptisée <i><a href=\"/wiki/Pierre_et_Marie_Curie_(m%C3%A9tro_de_Paris)\" title=\"Pierre et Marie Curie (métro de Paris)\">Pierre et Marie Curie</a></i>.</li>\n<li>Salle Maria Skłodowska-Curie au quatrième étage du <a href=\"/wiki/Palais_de_la_culture_et_de_la_science_(Varsovie)\" title=\"Palais de la culture et de la science (Varsovie)\">Palais de la culture et de la science</a> de Varsovie.</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Rue_Madame_Curie\" title=\"Rue Madame Curie\">Rue Madame Curie</a> située dans le quartier d’<a href=\"/wiki/Hamra_(Liban)\" title=\"Hamra (Liban)\">Hamra</a>, à <a href=\"/wiki/Beyrouth\" title=\"Beyrouth\">Beyrouth</a>, au <a href=\"/wiki/Liban\" title=\"Liban\">Liban</a>.</li>\n<li>Avenue Pierre-et-Marie-Curie à <a href=\"/wiki/Ixelles\" title=\"Ixelles\">Ixelles</a>, en Belgique (<a href=\"/wiki/R%C3%A9gion_de_Bruxelles-Capitale\" title=\"Région de Bruxelles-Capitale\">région de Bruxelles-Capitale</a>).</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Square_Marie-Curie\" title=\"Square Marie-Curie\">Square Marie-Curie</a> à Paris, dans le <abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"Treizième\">13<sup>e</sup></abbr>&#160;arrondissement.</li>\n<li>Le collège Pierre-et-Marie-Curie, à Gravelines.</li>\n<li>La <a href=\"/wiki/Station_Marie-Curie\" title=\"Station Marie-Curie\">station Marie-Curie</a> du <a href=\"/wiki/R%C3%A9seau_express_m%C3%A9tropolitain\" title=\"Réseau express métropolitain\">Réseau express métropolitain</a> à <a href=\"/wiki/Montr%C3%A9al\" title=\"Montréal\">Montréal</a>.</li>\n<li>Son nom est gravé sur le <a href=\"/wiki/M%C3%A9morial_de_la_radiologie\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Mémorial de la radiologie\">Mémorial de la radiologie</a>, qui commémore les pionniers et martyrs de la radioactivité (physiciens, chimistes, médecins, infirmiers, laborantins etc), victimes parmi les premiers utilisateurs des rayons X dans le monde entier. Le mémorial qui comportait à l'origine 159&#160;noms a été érigé dans le jardin de l'ancien <a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Clinique_Asklepios_Saint-Georges_(Hambourg)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" class=\"new\" title=\"Clinique Asklepios Saint-Georges (Hambourg) (page inexistante)\">hôpital Saint-Georges</a>&#160;<a href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asklepios_Klinik_St._Georg\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"de:Asklepios Klinik St. Georg\"><span class=\"indicateur-langue\" title=\"Article en allemand&#160;: «&#160;Asklepios Klinik St. Georg&#160;»\">(de)</span></a> à <a href=\"/wiki/Hambourg\" title=\"Hambourg\">Hambourg</a> (<a href=\"/wiki/Allemagne\" title=\"Allemagne\">Allemagne</a>) et a été inauguré le <time class=\"nowrap\" datetime=\"1936-04-04\" data-sort-value=\"1936-04-04\">4 avril 1936</time><sup id=\"cite&#95;ref-78\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-78\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#91;</span>78<span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#93;</span></a></sup>.</li></ul>\n<ul class=\"gallery mw-gallery-traditional\">\n\t\t<li class=\"gallerybox\" style=\"width: 155px\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"thumb\" style=\"width: 150px; height: 150px;\"><span typeof=\"mw:File\"><a href=\"/wiki/Fichier:Ehrenmal_der_Radiologie_(Hamburg-St._Georg).1.ajb.jpg\" class=\"mw-file-description\" title=\"Mémorial de radiologie, Clinique Asklepios Saint-Georges à Hambourg, (Allemagne)\"><img alt=\"Mémorial de radiologie, Clinique Asklepios Saint-Georges à Hambourg, (Allemagne)\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Ehrenmal_der_Radiologie_%28Hamburg-St._Georg%29.1.ajb.jpg/120px-Ehrenmal_der_Radiologie_%28Hamburg-St._Georg%29.1.ajb.jpg?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"120\" height=\"80\" class=\"mw-file-element\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Ehrenmal_der_Radiologie_%28Hamburg-St._Georg%29.1.ajb.jpg/250px-Ehrenmal_der_Radiologie_%28Hamburg-St._Georg%29.1.ajb.jpg?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" data-file-width=\"4224\" data-file-height=\"2816\" /></a></span></div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"gallerytext\">Mémorial de radiologie, Clinique Asklepios Saint-Georges à Hambourg, (Allemagne)</div>\n\t\t</li>\n</ul>\n<div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading2\"><h2 id=\"Dans_les_arts_et_la_culture_populaire\">Dans les arts et la culture populaire</h2><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">[</span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Marie_Curie&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=27\" title=\"Modifier la section : Dans les arts et la culture populaire\" class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\"><span>modifier</span></a><span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | </span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Marie_Curie&amp;action=edit&amp;section=27\" title=\"Modifier le code source de la section : Dans les arts et la culture populaire\"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">]</span></span></div>\n<figure class=\"mw-default-size mw-halign-right\" typeof=\"mw:File/Thumb\"><a href=\"/wiki/Fichier:Belgique_-_Louvain-la-Neuve_-_Parking_des_Sciences_-_Marie_Curie.jpg\" class=\"mw-file-description\"><img src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Belgique_-_Louvain-la-Neuve_-_Parking_des_Sciences_-_Marie_Curie.jpg/250px-Belgique_-_Louvain-la-Neuve_-_Parking_des_Sciences_-_Marie_Curie.jpg?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"250\" height=\"148\" class=\"mw-file-element\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Belgique_-_Louvain-la-Neuve_-_Parking_des_Sciences_-_Marie_Curie.jpg/500px-Belgique_-_Louvain-la-Neuve_-_Parking_des_Sciences_-_Marie_Curie.jpg?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" data-file-width=\"5418\" data-file-height=\"3206\" /></a><figcaption><div class=\"center\">Peinture murale sous la <a href=\"/wiki/Place_des_Sciences\" title=\"Place des Sciences\">place des Sciences</a> à <a href=\"/wiki/Louvain-la-Neuve\" title=\"Louvain-la-Neuve\">Louvain-la-Neuve</a>.</div></figcaption></figure>\n<div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading3\"><h3 id=\"Chanson\">Chanson</h3><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">[</span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Marie_Curie&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=28\" title=\"Modifier la section : Chanson\" class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\"><span>modifier</span></a><span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | </span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Marie_Curie&amp;action=edit&amp;section=28\" title=\"Modifier le code source de la section : Chanson\"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">]</span></span></div>\n<ul><li>Dans la chanson <i><a href=\"/wiki/Radioactivity_(chanson)\" title=\"Radioactivity (chanson)\">Radioactivity</a></i>, sortie dans l'album du même nom en 1975, le groupe allemand <a href=\"/wiki/Kraftwerk\" title=\"Kraftwerk\">Kraftwerk</a> rend hommage à Marie Curie, en ces termes&#160;:</li></ul>\n<blockquote><p>«&#160;</p><div class=\"poem\">\n<p>Radioactivity<br />\nis in the air for you and me<br />\nRadioactivity<br />\ndiscovered by Madame Curie\n</p>\n</div><p>&#160;»</p></blockquote>\n<div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading3\"><h3 id=\"Littérature\"><span id=\"Litt.C3.A9rature\"></span>Littérature</h3><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">[</span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Marie_Curie&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=29\" title=\"Modifier la section : Littérature\" class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\"><span>modifier</span></a><span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | </span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Marie_Curie&amp;action=edit&amp;section=29\" title=\"Modifier le code source de la section : Littérature\"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">]</span></span></div>\n<ul><li>Marie Curie est le personnage principal de <i>La Mort de Pierre Curie</i> de <a href=\"/wiki/Jacques_Neirynck\" title=\"Jacques Neirynck\">Jacques Neirynck</a> publié en 2007.</li>\n<li>Lauren Redniss, <i>Radioactive: Marie &amp; Pierre Curie: A Tale of Love and Fallout</i>, It Books, 2010</li>\n<li><span class=\"ouvrage\" id=\"Montero2015\"><span class=\"ouvrage\" id=\"Rosa&#95;Montero2015\"><a href=\"/wiki/Rosa_Montero\" title=\"Rosa Montero\">Rosa Montero</a> (<abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"traduction\">trad.</abbr>&#160;de l'espagnol par <a href=\"/wiki/Myriam_Chirousse\" title=\"Myriam Chirousse\">Myriam Chirousse</a>), <cite class=\"italique\">L'idée ridicule de ne plus jamais te revoir</cite> [«&#160;<span class=\"lang-es\" lang=\"es\">La ridícula idea de no volver a verte</span>&#160;»], Paris, Éditions Métailié, <abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"collection\">coll.</abbr>&#160;«&#160;Bibliothèque hispanique&#160;», <time>2015</time>, 177&#160;<abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"pages\">p.</abbr> <small style=\"line-height:1em;\">(<a href=\"/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number\" title=\"International Standard Book Number\">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/979-10-226-0164-1\" title=\"Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/979-10-226-0164-1\"><span class=\"nowrap\">979-10-226-0164-1</span></a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Online_Computer_Library_Center\" title=\"Online Computer Library Center\">OCLC</a>&#160;<span class=\"plainlinks noarchive nowrap\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://worldcat.org/fr/title/908463690\">908463690</a></span>)</small><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx&#95;ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft&#95;val&#95;fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=L%27id%C3%A9e+ridicule+de+ne+plus+jamais+te+revoir&amp;rft.place=Paris&amp;rft.pub=%C3%89ditions+M%C3%A9taili%C3%A9&amp;rft.aulast=Montero&amp;rft.aufirst=Rosa&amp;rft.date=2015&amp;rft.tpages=177&amp;rft.isbn=979-10-226-0164-1&amp;rft&#95;id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F908463690&amp;rfr&#95;id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AMarie+Curie\"></span></span></span></li>\n<li><span class=\"ouvrage\" id=\"Frain2015\"><span class=\"ouvrage\" id=\"Irène&#95;Frain2015\"><a href=\"/wiki/Ir%C3%A8ne_Frain\" title=\"Irène Frain\">Irène Frain</a>, <cite class=\"italique\"><a href=\"/wiki/Marie_Curie_prend_un_amant\" title=\"Marie Curie prend un amant\">Marie Curie prend un amant</a></cite>, Paris, Éditions du Seuil, <time>2015</time>, 357&#160;<abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"pages\">p.</abbr> <small style=\"line-height:1em;\">(<a href=\"/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number\" title=\"International Standard Book Number\">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-02-118306-1\" title=\"Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-02-118306-1\"><span class=\"nowrap\">978-2-02-118306-1</span></a> et <a href=\"/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/2-021-18306-8\" title=\"Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/2-021-18306-8\"><span class=\"nowrap\">2-021-18306-8</span></a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Online_Computer_Library_Center\" title=\"Online Computer Library Center\">OCLC</a>&#160;<span class=\"plainlinks noarchive nowrap\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://worldcat.org/fr/title/925417170\">925417170</a></span>)</small><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx&#95;ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft&#95;val&#95;fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Marie+Curie+prend+un+amant&amp;rft.place=Paris&amp;rft.pub=%C3%89ditions+du+Seuil&amp;rft.aulast=Frain&amp;rft.aufirst=Ir%C3%A8ne&amp;rft.date=2015&amp;rft.tpages=357&amp;rft.isbn=978-2-02-118306-1&amp;rft&#95;id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F925417170&amp;rfr&#95;id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AMarie+Curie\"></span></span></span></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Claude_Huriet\" title=\"Claude Huriet\">Claude Huriet</a>, <i>Les amours de Marie Curie</i>, Éditions Glyphe, Paris, 2021  <small style=\"line-height:1em;\">(<a href=\"/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number\" title=\"International Standard Book Number\">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-35815-296-9\" title=\"Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-35815-296-9\"><span class=\"nowrap\">978-2-35815-296-9</span></a>)</small>.</li>\n<li>Alice Milani, <i>Marie Curie</i>, Éditions Cambourakis, 2019 (trad. de l'italien)  <small style=\"line-height:1em;\">(<a href=\"/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number\" title=\"International Standard Book Number\">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-36624-436-6\" title=\"Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-36624-436-6\"><span class=\"nowrap\">978-2-36624-436-6</span></a>)</small></li></ul>\n<div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading3\"><h3 id=\"Théâtre\"><span id=\"Th.C3.A9.C3.A2tre\"></span>Théâtre</h3><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">[</span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Marie_Curie&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=30\" title=\"Modifier la section : Théâtre\" class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\"><span>modifier</span></a><span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | </span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Marie_Curie&amp;action=edit&amp;section=30\" title=\"Modifier le code source de la section : Théâtre\"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">]</span></span></div>\n<ul><li>En 1989, la vie et le travail de Pierre et Marie Curie inspirent, avec de grandes libertés, la comédie <i><a href=\"/wiki/Les_Palmes_de_monsieur_Schutz\" title=\"Les Palmes de monsieur Schutz\">Les Palmes de monsieur Schutz</a></i>, créée par <a href=\"/wiki/Jean-No%C3%ABl_Fenwick\" title=\"Jean-Noël Fenwick\">Jean-Noël Fenwick</a> au <a href=\"/wiki/Th%C3%A9%C3%A2tre_des_Mathurins\" title=\"Théâtre des Mathurins\">Théâtre des Mathurins</a>. Cette pièce reçoit quatre <a href=\"/wiki/Nuit_des_Moli%C3%A8res\" title=\"Nuit des Molières\">Molières</a> en 1990, dont ceux du <a href=\"/wiki/Moli%C3%A8re_du_metteur_en_sc%C3%A8ne\" title=\"Molière du metteur en scène\">meilleur metteur en scène</a> et du <a href=\"/wiki/Moli%C3%A8re_de_l%27auteur\" title=\"Molière de l&#39;auteur\">meilleur auteur</a>.</li>\n<li>En 2017, <i>Le paradoxe des jumeaux</i> est créé à Paris au <a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Th%C3%A9%C3%A2tre_de_la_Reine_blanche&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" class=\"new\" title=\"Théâtre de la Reine blanche (page inexistante)\">Théâtre de la Reine blanche</a> par <a href=\"/wiki/Jean-Louis_Bauer\" title=\"Jean-Louis Bauer\">Jean-Louis Bauer</a> et <a href=\"/wiki/%C3%89lisabeth_Bouchaud\" title=\"Élisabeth Bouchaud\">Élisabeth Bouchaud</a> avec une mise en scène de Bernadette Le Saché<sup id=\"cite&#95;ref-79\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-79\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#91;</span>79<span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#93;</span></a></sup>.</li></ul>\n<div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading3\"><h3 id=\"Filmographie\">Filmographie</h3><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">[</span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Marie_Curie&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=31\" title=\"Modifier la section : Filmographie\" class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\"><span>modifier</span></a><span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | </span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Marie_Curie&amp;action=edit&amp;section=31\" title=\"Modifier le code source de la section : Filmographie\"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">]</span></span></div>\n<div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading4\"><h4 id=\"Cinéma\"><span id=\"Cin.C3.A9ma\"></span>Cinéma</h4><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">[</span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Marie_Curie&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=32\" title=\"Modifier la section : Cinéma\" class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\"><span>modifier</span></a><span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | </span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Marie_Curie&amp;action=edit&amp;section=32\" title=\"Modifier le code source de la section : Cinéma\"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">]</span></span></div>\n<p>La vie de Marie Curie a inspiré plusieurs cinéastes. Le rôle de Marie Curie a été joué par&#160;:\n</p>\n<ul><li>1943&#160;: <a href=\"/wiki/Greer_Garson\" title=\"Greer Garson\">Greer Garson</a> dans <i><a href=\"/wiki/Madame_Curie\" title=\"Madame Curie\">Madame Curie</a></i>, film <a href=\"/wiki/Cin%C3%A9ma_am%C3%A9ricain\" title=\"Cinéma américain\">américain</a> de <a href=\"/wiki/Mervyn_LeRoy\" title=\"Mervyn LeRoy\">Mervyn LeRoy</a>&#160;;</li>\n<li>1956&#160;: <i><a href=\"/wiki/Monsieur_et_Madame_Curie\" title=\"Monsieur et Madame Curie\">Monsieur et Madame Curie</a></i> de <a href=\"/wiki/Georges_Franju\" title=\"Georges Franju\">Georges Franju</a> avec <a href=\"/wiki/Nicole_St%C3%A9phane\" title=\"Nicole Stéphane\">Nicole Stéphane</a>&#160;;</li>\n<li>1966&#160;:\n<ul><li><i>Novela</i>, épisode <i>Madame Curie</i>, actrice anonyme&#160;;</li>\n<li><i>Madame Curie</i> de Guglielmo Morandi avec Ileana Ghione&#160;;</li></ul></li>\n<li>1972&#160;: <i>Marya Sklodowska-Curie. Ein Mädchen, das die Welt veränderte</i> de <a href=\"/wiki/Wolfgang_Staudte\" title=\"Wolfgang Staudte\">Wolfgang Staudte</a> avec <a href=\"/wiki/Christine_Wodetsky\" title=\"Christine Wodetsky\">Christine Wodetzky</a>&#160;;</li>\n<li>1977&#160;: <i>Marie Curie</i> de <a href=\"/wiki/John_Glenister\" title=\"John Glenister\">John Glenister</a> avec <a href=\"/wiki/Jane_Lapotaire\" title=\"Jane Lapotaire\">Jane Lapotaire</a>&#160;;</li>\n<li>1980&#160;: <a href=\"/wiki/Olga_Gobzeva\" title=\"Olga Gobzeva\">Olga Gobzeva</a> dans <i>Mysli o radiatsii</i> (<i>Pensées à la radiation</i>) d’Elmira Chormanova&#160;;</li>\n<li>1988&#160;: <i><a href=\"/wiki/Einstein_junior\" title=\"Einstein junior\">Young Einstein</a></i> d'Yahoo Serious avec Odile Le Clezio&#160;;</li>\n<li>1997&#160;:\n<ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Isabelle_Huppert\" title=\"Isabelle Huppert\">Isabelle Huppert</a> dans <i><a href=\"/wiki/Les_Palmes_de_monsieur_Schutz_(film)\" title=\"Les Palmes de monsieur Schutz (film)\">Les Palmes de monsieur Schutz</a></i> de <a href=\"/wiki/Claude_Pinoteau\" title=\"Claude Pinoteau\">Claude Pinoteau</a>, d'après la <a href=\"/wiki/Les_Palmes_de_monsieur_Schutz\" title=\"Les Palmes de monsieur Schutz\">pièce éponyme</a> de <a href=\"/wiki/Jean-No%C3%ABl_Fenwick\" title=\"Jean-Noël Fenwick\">Jean-Noël Fenwick</a>&#160;;</li>\n<li><i>Marie Curie : More Than Meets the Eye</i> de David Devine et Richard Mozer avec <a href=\"/wiki/Kate_Trotter\" title=\"Kate Trotter\">Kate Trotter</a>&#160;;</li></ul></li>\n<li>2011: <a href=\"/wiki/Elisabeth_Duda\" title=\"Elisabeth Duda\">Elisabeth Duda</a> dans <i><a href=\"/wiki/Dans_les_pas_de_Marie_Curie\" title=\"Dans les pas de Marie Curie\">Dans les pas de Marie Curie</a></i> (<i><span class=\"lang-pl\" lang=\"pl\">Śladami Marii Skłodowskiej-Curie</span></i>), réalisé par <a href=\"/wiki/Krzysztof_Rogulski\" title=\"Krzysztof Rogulski\">Krzysztof Rogulski</a>&#160;;</li>\n<li>2016&#160;: <a href=\"/wiki/Karolina_Gruszka\" title=\"Karolina Gruszka\">Karolina Gruszka</a> dans <i><a href=\"/wiki/Marie_Curie_(film)\" title=\"Marie Curie (film)\">Marie Curie et la lumière bleue</a></i> de <a href=\"/wiki/Marie-No%C3%ABlle_Sehr\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Marie-Noëlle Sehr\">Marie-Noëlle Sehr</a>&#160;;</li>\n<li>2019&#160;: <a href=\"/wiki/Rosamund_Pike\" title=\"Rosamund Pike\">Rosamund Pike</a> dans <i><a href=\"/wiki/Radioactive_(film)\" title=\"Radioactive (film)\">Radioactive</a></i> de <a href=\"/wiki/Marjane_Satrapi\" title=\"Marjane Satrapi\">Marjane Satrapi</a>, d'après le roman graphique de Lauren Redniss<sup id=\"cite&#95;ref-80\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-80\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#91;</span>80<span class=\"cite-bracket\">&#93;</span></a></sup>.</li></ul>\n<div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading4\"><h4 id=\"Télévision\"><span id=\"T.C3.A9l.C3.A9vision\"></span>Télévision</h4><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">[</span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Marie_Curie&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=33\" title=\"Modifier la section : Télévision\" class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\"><span>modifier</span></a><span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | </span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Marie_Curie&amp;action=edit&amp;section=33\" title=\"Modifier le code source de la section : Télévision\"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">]</span></span></div>\n<div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading5\"><h5 id=\"Documentaire\">Documentaire</h5><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">[</span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Marie_Curie&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=34\" title=\"Modifier la section : Documentaire\" class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\"><span>modifier</span></a><span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | </span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Marie_Curie&amp;action=edit&amp;section=34\" title=\"Modifier le code source de la section : Documentaire\"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">]</span></span></div>\n<ul><li>2011&#160;: Géraldine Berger et Nathalie Huchette dans <i>Marie Curie, au-delà du mythe</i> de <a href=\"/wiki/Michel_Vuillermet\" title=\"Michel Vuillermet\">Michel Vuillermet</a>.</li></ul>\n<div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading5\"><h5 id=\"Téléfilm\"><span id=\"T.C3.A9l.C3.A9film\"></span>Téléfilm</h5><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">[</span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Marie_Curie&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=35\" title=\"Modifier la section : Téléfilm\" class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\"><span>modifier</span></a><span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | </span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Marie_Curie&amp;action=edit&amp;section=35\" title=\"Modifier le code source de la section : Téléfilm\"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">]</span></span></div>\n<ul><li>1965&#160;: <a href=\"/wiki/Marie_Dubois\" title=\"Marie Dubois\">Marie Dubois</a> dans <i>Marie Curie</i>, téléfilm en 2 parties de <a href=\"/wiki/Pierre_Badel\" title=\"Pierre Badel\">Pierre Badel</a>&#160;;</li>\n<li>1990&#160;: <a href=\"/wiki/Marie-Christine_Barrault\" title=\"Marie-Christine Barrault\">Marie-Christine Barrault</a> dans <i><a href=\"/wiki/Marie_Curie,_une_femme_honorable\" title=\"Marie Curie, une femme honorable\">Marie Curie, une femme honorable</a></i>, réalisation de <a href=\"/wiki/Michel_Boisrond\" title=\"Michel Boisrond\">Michel Boisrond</a>&#160;;</li>\n<li>2014&#160;: <a href=\"/wiki/Dominique_Reymond\" title=\"Dominique Reymond\">Dominique Reymond</a> dans <i><a href=\"/wiki/Marie_Curie,_une_femme_sur_le_front\" title=\"Marie Curie, une femme sur le front\">Marie Curie, une femme sur le front</a></i> de <a href=\"/wiki/Alain_Brunard\" title=\"Alain Brunard\">Alain Brunard</a>.</li></ul>\n<div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading5\"><h5 id=\"Série\"><span id=\"S.C3.A9rie\"></span>Série</h5><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">[</span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Marie_Curie&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=36\" title=\"Modifier la section : Série\" class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\"><span>modifier</span></a><span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | </span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Marie_Curie&amp;action=edit&amp;section=36\" title=\"Modifier le code source de la section : Série\"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">]</span></span></div>\n<ul><li>1955&#160;: <i>You Are There</i>, épisode <i>Pierre and Marie Curie Discover Radium, Jan. 12, 1902</i> avec Jaclynne Green&#160;;</li>\n<li>1987&#160;: <i><a href=\"/wiki/La_Course_%C3%A0_la_bombe\" title=\"La Course à la bombe\">La Course à la bombe</a></i> de <a href=\"/wiki/Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_Delassus\" title=\"Jean-François Delassus\">Jean-François Delassus</a> et <a href=\"/wiki/Allan_Eastman\" title=\"Allan Eastman\">Allan Eastman</a> avec <a href=\"/wiki/Huguette_Faget\" title=\"Huguette Faget\">Huguette Faget</a>&#160;;</li>\n<li>2017&#160;: Klára Issová dans <i><a href=\"/wiki/Genius_(s%C3%A9rie_t%C3%A9l%C3%A9vis%C3%A9e)\" title=\"Genius (série télévisée)\">Genius</a></i> de Noah Pink et Ken Biller.</li></ul>\n<div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading3\"><h3 id=\"Art_public_(street_art)\"><span id=\"Art_public_.28street_art.29\"></span>Art public (<i>street art</i>)</h3><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">[</span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Marie_Curie&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=37\" title=\"Modifier la section : Art public (street art)\" class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\"><span>modifier</span></a><span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | </span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Marie_Curie&amp;action=edit&amp;section=37\" title=\"Modifier le code source de la section : Art public (street art)\"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">]</span></span></div>\n<p>Une peinture murale lui rend hommage dans la ville universitaire de <a href=\"/wiki/Louvain-la-Neuve\" title=\"Louvain-la-Neuve\">Louvain-la-Neuve</a> en <a href=\"/wiki/Belgique\" title=\"Belgique\">Belgique</a>, dans le parking situé sous la <a href=\"/wiki/Place_des_Sciences\" title=\"Place des Sciences\">place des Sciences</a>.\n</p>\n<div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading3\"><h3 id=\"Prix\">Prix</h3><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">[</span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Marie_Curie&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=38\" title=\"Modifier la section : Prix\" class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\"><span>modifier</span></a><span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | </span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Marie_Curie&amp;action=edit&amp;section=38\" title=\"Modifier le code source de la section : Prix\"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">]</span></span></div>\n<ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Grand_prix_franco-polonais\" title=\"Grand prix franco-polonais\">Grand prix franco-polonais</a> «&#160;Marie Sklodowska Curie et Pierre Curie&#160;», décerné conjointement par l'<a href=\"/wiki/Acad%C3%A9mie_des_sciences_(France)\" title=\"Académie des sciences (France)\">Académie des sciences</a> et la  <a href=\"/wiki/Fondation_pour_la_science_polonaise\" title=\"Fondation pour la science polonaise\">Fondation pour la science polonaise</a>.</li></ul>\n<div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading2\"><h2 id=\"Notes_et_références\"><span id=\"Notes_et_r.C3.A9f.C3.A9rences\"></span>Notes et références</h2><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">[</span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Marie_Curie&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=39\" title=\"Modifier la section : Notes et références\" class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\"><span>modifier</span></a><span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | </span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Marie_Curie&amp;action=edit&amp;section=39\" title=\"Modifier le code source de la section : Notes et références\"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">]</span></span></div>\n<style data-mw-deduplicate=\"TemplateStyles:r238822723\">@media screen{body:not(.mw-mf) .mw-parser-output .reference-cadre{height:30em;overflow:auto;padding:3px;border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);margin-top:0.3em}body.mw-mf .mw-parser-output .reference-cadre{height:auto!important}body:not(.mw-mf) .mw-parser-output .reference-cadre .references-small{margin-top:0}}</style><div class=\"reference-cadre\" tabindex=\"0\">\n<div class=\"references-small decimal\" style=\"column-width:25em;\"><ol class=\"references\">\n<li id=\"cite&#95;note-1\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-1\">↑</a> </span><span class=\"reference-text\">Par la suite, et en dehors strictement des sciences, <a href=\"/wiki/Linus_Pauling\" title=\"Linus Pauling\">Linus Pauling</a> obtint le prix Nobel de chimie en 1954 et le <a href=\"/wiki/Prix_Nobel_de_la_paix\" title=\"Prix Nobel de la paix\">prix Nobel de la paix</a> en 1962 (<a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/nobelprize_facts.html\"><i>Nobel Laureates Facts</i></a>).</span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite&#95;note-2\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-2\">↑</a> </span><span class=\"reference-text\"><span class=\"ouvrage\" id=\"Davy&#95;archive&#95;winners&#95;1989&#95;-&#95;1900\">«&#160;<a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http://royalsociety.org/page.asp?id=1756\"><cite style=\"font-style:normal;\">Davy archive winners 1989 - 1900</cite></a>&#160;», <a href=\"/wiki/Royal_Society\" title=\"Royal Society\">Royal Society</a> <small style=\"line-height:1em;\">(consulté le <time class=\"nowrap\" datetime=\"2008-07-01\" data-sort-value=\"2008-07-01\"><abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"premier\">1<sup>er</sup></abbr> juillet 2008</time>)</small></span>.</span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite&#95;note-3\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-3\">↑</a> </span><span class=\"reference-text\"><span class=\"ouvrage\" id=\"CMN\"><span class=\"nom&#95;auteur\">CMN</span>, «&#160;<a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.monuments-nationaux.fr/magazine/dossiers-thematiques/grands-personnages/marie-curie-une-scientifique-d-exception-au-pantheon\"><cite style=\"font-style:normal;\">Marie Curie, une scientifique d’exception au Panthéon - CMN</cite></a>&#160;», sur <span class=\"italique\">www.monuments-nationaux.fr</span> <small style=\"line-height:1em;\">(consulté le <time class=\"nowrap\" datetime=\"2025-08-07\" data-sort-value=\"2025-08-07\">7 août 2025</time>)</small></span></span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite&#95;note-4\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-4\">↑</a> </span><span class=\"reference-text\"><span class=\"ouvrage\">«&#160;<a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://gallica.bnf.fr/services/engine/search/sru?operation=searchRetrieve&amp;exactSearch=false&amp;collapsing=true&amp;version=1.2&amp;query=%28%28%28%28%28%28%28%28%28gallica%20all%20%22ark:/12148/btv1b9080265j%22%20or%20gallica%20all%20%22ark:/12148/btv1b90802785%22%20%29%20or%20gallica%20all%20%22ark:/12148/btv1b90802696%20%22%20%29%20or%20gallica%20all%20%22ark:/12148/btv1b9080267c%22%20%29%20or%20gallica%20all%20%22ark:/12148/btv1b9080261w%22%20%29%20or%20gallica%20all%20%22ark:/12148/btv1b9080272p%22%20%29%20or%20gallica%20all%20%22ark:/12148/btv1b90803061%22%20%29%20or%20gallica%20all%20%22ark:/12148/btv1b9080274h%22%20%29%20or%20gallica%20all%20%22ark:/12148/btv1b9080300j%22%20%29%20or%20gallica%20all%20%22ark:/12148/btv1b84515222%20%22%20%29%20&amp;suggest=10\"><cite style=\"font-style:normal;\">Cahiers d'expériences de Marie et Pierre Curie sur Gallica</cite></a>&#160;», sur <span class=\"italique\">gallica.bnf.fr</span> <small style=\"line-height:1em;\">(consulté le <time class=\"nowrap\" datetime=\"2018-05-02\" data-sort-value=\"2018-05-02\">2 mai 2018</time>)</small></span></span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite&#95;note-5\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-5\">↑</a> </span><span class=\"reference-text\">Les archives des ministères polonais seront restituées à la Pologne après la <a href=\"/wiki/Paix_de_Riga\" title=\"Paix de Riga\">paix de Riga</a> de 1921.</span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite&#95;note-6\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-6\">↑</a> </span><span class=\"reference-text\">De plus, la dénomination «&#160;royaume de Pologne&#160;» cesse d'être utilisée au profit de périphrases comme «&#160;province de la Vistule&#160;». Cependant, le «&#160;code civil du royaume de Pologne&#160;», dérivé du «&#160;code Napoléon du <a href=\"/wiki/Duch%C3%A9_de_Varsovie\" title=\"Duché de Varsovie\">duché de Varsovie</a>&#160;», reste en vigueur jusqu'en 1918.</span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite&#95;note-7\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-7\">↑</a> </span><span class=\"reference-text\"><span class=\"ouvrage\" id=\"Henry2015\"><span class=\"ouvrage\" id=\"Natacha&#95;Henry2015\"><a href=\"/wiki/Natacha_Henry\" title=\"Natacha Henry\">Natacha Henry</a>, <cite class=\"italique\">Les Sœurs savantes, Marie Curie et Bronia Dluska</cite>, Paris, La Librairie Vuibert, <time>2015</time>, 279&#160;<abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"pages\">p.</abbr> <small style=\"line-height:1em;\">(<a href=\"/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number\" title=\"International Standard Book Number\">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-311-10029-7\" title=\"Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-311-10029-7\"><span class=\"nowrap\">978-2-311-10029-7</span></a>)</small><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx&#95;ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft&#95;val&#95;fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Les+S%C5%93urs+savantes%2C+Marie+Curie+et+Bronia+Dluska&amp;rft.place=Paris&amp;rft.pub=La+Librairie+Vuibert&amp;rft.aulast=Henry&amp;rft.aufirst=Natacha&amp;rft.date=2015&amp;rft.tpages=279&amp;rft.isbn=978-2-311-10029-7&amp;rfr&#95;id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AMarie+Curie\"></span></span></span>.</span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite&#95;note-8\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-8\">↑</a> </span><span class=\"reference-text\"><span class=\"ouvrage\">«&#160;<a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://musee.curie.fr/decouvrir/la-famille-curie/un-couple-de-pionniers\"><cite style=\"font-style:normal;\">Pierre et Marie Curie&#160;: histoire d'un couple de scientifiques - Musée Curie</cite></a>&#160;», sur <span class=\"italique\">musee.curie.fr</span> <small style=\"line-height:1em;\">(consulté le <time class=\"nowrap\" datetime=\"2022-01-26\" data-sort-value=\"2022-01-26\">26 janvier 2022</time>)</small></span></span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite&#95;note-:1-9\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink noprint\">↑ <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:1_9-0\">a</a> et <a href=\"#cite_ref-:1_9-1\">b</a></sup> </span><span class=\"reference-text\"><span class=\"ouvrage\" id=\"Lagarde2020\"><span class=\"ouvrage\" id=\"Yann&#95;Lagarde2020\">Yann <span class=\"nom&#95;auteur\">Lagarde</span>, «&#160;<a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.radiofrance.fr/franceculture/marie-curie-une-scientifique-engagee-4941391\"><cite style=\"font-style:normal;\">Marie Curie, une scientifique engagée</cite></a>&#160;», sur <span class=\"italique\">France Culture</span>, <time class=\"nowrap\" datetime=\"2020-03-11\" data-sort-value=\"2020-03-11\">11 mars 2020</time> <small style=\"line-height:1em;\">(consulté le <time class=\"nowrap\" datetime=\"2024-09-15\" data-sort-value=\"2024-09-15\">15 septembre 2024</time>)</small></span></span></span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite&#95;note-Barker2011-10\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-Barker2011_10-0\">↑</a> </span><span class=\"reference-text\"><span class=\"ouvrage\" id=\"Barker2011\"><span class=\"ouvrage\" id=\"Dan&#95;Barker2011\"><a href=\"/wiki/Dan_Barker\" title=\"Dan Barker\">Dan <span class=\"nom&#95;auteur\">Barker</span></a>, <cite class=\"italique\">The Good Atheist: Living a Purpose-Filled Life Without God</cite>, Ulysses Press, <time>2011</time> <small style=\"line-height:1em;\">(<a href=\"/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number\" title=\"International Standard Book Number\">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-1-56975-846-5\" title=\"Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-1-56975-846-5\"><span class=\"nowrap\">978-1-56975-846-5</span></a>, <span class=\"noarchive\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://books.google.com/books?id=ruzL8ogol2sC&amp;pg=PA171\">lire en ligne</a> <small class=\"cachelinks\">&#91;<a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20151102033101/https://books.google.com/books?id=ruzL8ogol2sC&amp;pg=PA171\">archive du <time class=\"nowrap\" datetime=\"2015-11-02\" data-sort-value=\"2015-11-02\">2 novembre 2015</time></a>&#93;</small></span>)</small>, <abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"page\">p.</abbr>&#160;171<span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx&#95;ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft&#95;val&#95;fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+Good+Atheist%3A+Living+a+Purpose-Filled+Life+Without+God&amp;rft.pub=Ulysses+Press&amp;rft.aulast=Barker&amp;rft.aufirst=Dan&amp;rft.date=2011&amp;rft.pages=171&amp;rft.isbn=978-1-56975-846-5&amp;rft&#95;id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DruzL8ogol2sC%26pg%3DPA171&amp;rfr&#95;id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AMarie+Curie\"></span></span></span></span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite&#95;note-11\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-11\">↑</a> </span><span class=\"reference-text\"><span class=\"ouvrage\">«&#160;<a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.persee.fr/doc/inrp_0298-5632_1989_ant_25_1_8674#inrp_0298-5632_1989_ant_25_1_T1_0090_0000\"><cite style=\"font-style:normal;\">27. Curie née Sklodowska (Marie) [note biographique&#93;</cite></a>&#160;», sur <span class=\"italique\">persee.fr</span> <small style=\"line-height:1em;\">(consulté le <time class=\"nowrap\" datetime=\"2024-08-27\" data-sort-value=\"2024-08-27\">27 août 2024</time>)</small></span></span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite&#95;note-Reid1974a-12\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-Reid1974a_12-0\">↑</a> </span><span class=\"reference-text\"><span class=\"ouvrage\" id=\"William&#95;Reid1974\"><span class=\"ouvrage\" id=\"Robert&#95;William&#95;Reid1974\">Robert William Reid, <cite class=\"italique\">Marie Curie</cite>, New American Library, <time>1974</time> <small style=\"line-height:1em;\">(<a href=\"/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number\" title=\"International Standard Book Number\">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-0-00-211539-1\" title=\"Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-0-00-211539-1\"><span class=\"nowrap\">978-0-00-211539-1</span></a>, <span class=\"noarchive\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://books.google.com/books?id=p81XAAAAYAAJ\">lire en ligne</a> <small class=\"cachelinks\">&#91;<a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20160611033456/https://books.google.com/books?id=p81XAAAAYAAJ\">archive du <time class=\"nowrap\" datetime=\"2016-06-11\" data-sort-value=\"2016-06-11\">11 juin 2016</time></a>&#93;</small></span>)</small>, <abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"page\">p.</abbr>&#160;6<span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx&#95;ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft&#95;val&#95;fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Marie+Curie&amp;rft.pub=New+American+Library&amp;rft.au=Robert+William+Reid&amp;rft.date=1974&amp;rft.pages=6&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-00-211539-1&amp;rft&#95;id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dp81XAAAAYAAJ&amp;rfr&#95;id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AMarie+Curie\"></span></span></span>&#160;:<blockquote><p>«&#160;Unusually at such an early age, she became what T.H. Huxley had just invented a word for: agnostic.&#160;»</p></blockquote></span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite&#95;note-13\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-13\">↑</a> </span><span class=\"reference-text\"><span class=\"ouvrage\" id=\"Puche2020\"><span class=\"ouvrage\" id=\"Amélie&#95;Puche2020\">Amélie Puche, «&#160;<cite style=\"font-style:normal\">L’accès des femmes aux universités (1850-1940)</cite>&#160;», <i>Encyclopédie d'histoire numérique de l'Europe [en ligne]</i>,&#8206; <time class=\"nowrap\" datetime=\"2020-06-23\" data-sort-value=\"2020-06-23\">23 juin 2020</time> <small style=\"line-height:1em;\">(<a href=\"/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number\" title=\"International Standard Serial Number\">ISSN</a>&#160;<span class=\"plainlinks noarchive\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://portal.issn.org/resource/ISSN/2677-6588\">2677-6588</a></span>, <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://ehne.fr/fr/node/14080\">lire en ligne</a>)</small><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx&#95;ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft&#95;val&#95;fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=L%E2%80%99acc%C3%A8s+des+femmes+aux+universit%C3%A9s+%281850-1940%29&amp;rft.jtitle=Encyclop%C3%A9die+d%27histoire+num%C3%A9rique+de+l%27Europe+%5Ben+ligne%5D&amp;rft.aulast=Puche&amp;rft.aufirst=Am%C3%A9lie&amp;rft.date=2020-06-23&amp;rfr&#95;id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AMarie+Curie\"></span></span></span></span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite&#95;note-14\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-14\">↑</a> </span><span class=\"reference-text\">Janine Trotereau, «&#160;Marie Curie&#160;: une icône de la République&#160;», émission <i>La Marche des sciences</i>, <a href=\"/wiki/France_Culture\" title=\"France Culture\">France Culture</a>, <time class=\"nowrap\" datetime=\"2012-05-31\" data-sort-value=\"2012-05-31\">31 mai 2012</time>.</span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite&#95;note-15\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-15\">↑</a> </span><span class=\"reference-text\"><i>Annuaire statistique de la France</i>, vol. 16, 1895, <abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"page\">p.</abbr>&#160;189</span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite&#95;note-Pigeard-16\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink noprint\">↑ <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-Pigeard_16-0\">a</a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-Pigeard_16-1\">b</a> et <a href=\"#cite_ref-Pigeard_16-2\">c</a></sup> </span><span class=\"reference-text\">Nathalie Pigeard-Micault, historienne au Musée Curie, «&#160;Un dimanche avec Marie Curie&#160;», dans <i><a href=\"/wiki/Les_Ann%C3%A9es_lumi%C3%A8re_(radio)\" title=\"Les Années lumière (radio)\">Les Années lumière (radio)</a></i>, <time class=\"nowrap\" datetime=\"2011-12-04\" data-sort-value=\"2011-12-04\">4 décembre 2011</time>.</span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite&#95;note-17\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-17\">↑</a> </span><span class=\"reference-text\">Rémy Mosseri, Le Jubilé de <a href=\"/wiki/Marcel_Brillouin\" title=\"Marcel Brillouin\">Marcel Brillouin</a>.</span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite&#95;note-18\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-18\">↑</a> </span><span class=\"reference-text\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http://rhe.ish-lyon.cnrs.fr/?q=agregsecondaire_laureats&amp;nom=Curie&amp;annee_op=%3D&amp;annee%5Bvalue%5D=&amp;annee%5Bmin%5D=&amp;annee%5Bmax%5D=&amp;periode=All&amp;concours=All&amp;items_per_page=10\">Les agrégés de l'enseignement secondaire. Répertoire 1809-1960</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Laboratoire_de_recherche_historique_Rh%C3%B4ne-Alpes\" title=\"Laboratoire de recherche historique Rhône-Alpes\">Laboratoire de recherche historique Rhône-Alpes</a>, CNRS.</span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite&#95;note-19\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-19\">↑</a> </span><span class=\"reference-text\"><span class=\"ouvrage\" id=\"d&#39;évaluation&#95;et&#95;de&#95;développement&#95;pour&#95;l&#39;édition&#95;numérique\"><span class=\"ouvrage\" id=\"Laboratoire&#95;d&#39;évaluation&#95;et&#95;de&#95;développement&#95;pour&#95;l&#39;édition&#95;numérique\">Laboratoire d'évaluation et de développement pour l'édition numérique, «&#160;<a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http://mariecurie.science.gouv.fr/dico/notion2.php?noti=rayon_u\"><cite style=\"font-style:normal;\">La radioactivité naturelle - Les rayons uraniques</cite></a>&#160;», Ministère délégué à la Recherche et aux Nouvelles Technologies <small style=\"line-height:1em;\">(consulté le <time class=\"nowrap\" datetime=\"2008-06-12\" data-sort-value=\"2008-06-12\">12 juin 2008</time>)</small></span></span>.</span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite&#95;note-20\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-20\">↑</a> </span><span class=\"reference-text\"><span class=\"ouvrage\" id=\"Fernandez2006\"><span class=\"ouvrage\" id=\"Bernard&#95;Fernandez2006\">Bernard Fernandez, <cite class=\"italique\">De l'atome au noyau&#160;: Une approche historique de la physique atomique et de la physique nucléaire</cite>, <a href=\"/wiki/%C3%89ditions_Ellipses\" title=\"Éditions Ellipses\">Éditions Ellipses</a>, <time>2006</time>, 597&#160;<abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"pages\">p.</abbr> <small style=\"line-height:1em;\">(<a href=\"/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number\" title=\"International Standard Book Number\">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-7298-2784-7\" title=\"Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-7298-2784-7\"><span class=\"nowrap\">978-2-7298-2784-7</span></a>)</small>, partie&#160;I, <abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"chapitre(s)\">chap.</abbr>&#160;3 («&#160;Le polonium et le radium&#160;»), <abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"page\">p.</abbr>&#160;26<span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx&#95;ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft&#95;val&#95;fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=De+l%27atome+au+noyau&amp;rft.atitle=Le+polonium+et+le+radium&amp;rft.pub=%C3%89ditions+Ellipses&amp;rft.stitle=Une+approche+historique+de+la+physique+atomique+et+de+la+physique+nucl%C3%A9aire&amp;rft.aulast=Fernandez&amp;rft.aufirst=Bernard&amp;rft.date=2006&amp;rft.pages=26&amp;rft.tpages=597&amp;rft.isbn=978-2-7298-2784-7&amp;rfr&#95;id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AMarie+Curie\"></span></span></span>.</span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite&#95;note-21\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-21\">↑</a> </span><span class=\"reference-text\"><span class=\"ouvrage\">«&#160;<a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://academiesciencesmoralesetpolitiques.fr/prix-et-palmares-de-lannee/prix-et-medailles/liste-des-prix-par-classement-thematique/prix-gegner/\"><cite style=\"font-style:normal;\">Prix Gegner</cite></a>&#160;», sur <span class=\"italique\">Académie des Sciences Morales et Politiques</span>, <time class=\"nowrap\" datetime=\"2018-12-14\" data-sort-value=\"2018-12-14\">14 décembre 2018</time> <small style=\"line-height:1em;\">(consulté le <time class=\"nowrap\" datetime=\"2022-04-29\" data-sort-value=\"2022-04-29\">29 avril 2022</time>)</small></span></span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite&#95;note-22\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-22\">↑</a> </span><span class=\"reference-text\">Le prix Gegner est créé en 1871 à la suite du legs de M. Jean-Louis Gegner à l'Académie des sciences d'un capital d'un revenu annuel de 4&#160;000&#160;<abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"francs\"><a href=\"/wiki/Franc_(unit%C3%A9_mon%C3%A9taire)\" title=\"Franc (unité monétaire)\">francs</a></abbr>, <span class=\"citation\">«&#160;destiné à soutenir un savant pauvre qui se sera signalé par des travaux sérieux, et qui dès lors pourra continuer plus fructueusement ses recherches en faveur du progrès des sciences positives&#160;»</span>.</span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite&#95;note-23\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-23\">↑</a> </span><span class=\"reference-text\">Le salaire annuel d'un jeune professeur de lycée est alors de 3&#160;000&#160;francs.</span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite&#95;note-24\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-24\">↑</a> </span><span class=\"reference-text\"><span class=\"ouvrage\" id=\"Curie1938\"><span class=\"ouvrage\" id=\"Ève&#95;Curie1938\"><a href=\"/wiki/%C3%88ve_Curie\" title=\"Ève Curie\">Ève Curie</a>, <cite class=\"italique\">Madame Curie</cite>, Paris, <a href=\"/wiki/%C3%89ditions_Gallimard\" title=\"Éditions Gallimard\">Éditions Gallimard</a>, <time>1938</time> <small style=\"line-height:1em;\">(<a href=\"/wiki/Online_Computer_Library_Center\" title=\"Online Computer Library Center\">OCLC</a>&#160;<span class=\"plainlinks noarchive nowrap\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://worldcat.org/fr/title/1840569\">1840569</a></span>)</small><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx&#95;ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft&#95;val&#95;fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Madame+Curie&amp;rft.place=Paris&amp;rft.pub=%C3%89ditions+Gallimard&amp;rft.aulast=Curie&amp;rft.aufirst=%C3%88ve&amp;rft.date=1938&amp;rft&#95;id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1840569&amp;rfr&#95;id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AMarie+Curie\"></span></span></span>&#160;; et également <span class=\"ouvrage\" id=\"CurieDebierne1910\"><span class=\"ouvrage\" id=\"Marie&#95;CurieAndré&#95;Debierne1910\">Marie Curie et <a href=\"/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Debierne\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"André Debierne\">André Debierne</a>, «&#160;<cite style=\"font-style:normal\">Sur le polonium</cite>&#160;», <i>Radium</i>, Paris, <abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"volume\">vol.</abbr>&#160;7, <abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"numéro\">n<sup>o</sup></abbr>&#160;2,&#8206; <time class=\"nowrap\" datetime=\"1910-02\" data-sort-value=\"1910-02\">février 1910</time> <small style=\"line-height:1em;\">(<a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/24/23/91/PDF/ajp-radium_1910_7_2_38_1.pdf\">lire en ligne</a> <abbr class=\"abbr indicateur-format format-pdf\" title=\"Document au format Portable Document Format (PDF) d&#39;Adobe\">&#91;PDF&#93;</abbr>, consulté le <time class=\"nowrap\" datetime=\"2016-02-14\" data-sort-value=\"2016-02-14\">14 février 2016</time>)</small><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx&#95;ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft&#95;val&#95;fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=Sur+le+polonium&amp;rft.jtitle=Radium&amp;rft.issue=2&amp;rft.aulast=Curie&amp;rft.aufirst=Marie&amp;rft.au=Andr%C3%A9+Debierne&amp;rft.date=1910-02&amp;rft.volume=7&amp;rft&#95;id=http%3A%2F%2Fhal.archives-ouvertes.fr%2Fdocs%2F00%2F24%2F23%2F91%2FPDF%2Fajp-radium&#95;1910&#95;7&#95;2&#95;38&#95;1.pdf&amp;rfr&#95;id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AMarie+Curie\"></span></span></span>.</span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite&#95;note-25\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-25\">↑</a> </span><span class=\"reference-text\">La substance obtenue n'était pas complètement purifiée&#160;: le polonium 210 pur est en effet considérablement plus radioactif encore, de l'ordre de dix milliards de fois plus radioactif que l'uranium.</span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite&#95;note-26\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-26\">↑</a> </span><span class=\"reference-text\">Informations <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http://www.cnrtl.fr/definition/polonium\">lexicographiques</a> et <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http://www.cnrtl.fr/etymologie/polonium\">étymologiques</a> de «&#160;polonium&#160;»  dans le <i><a href=\"/wiki/Tr%C3%A9sor_de_la_langue_fran%C3%A7aise_informatis%C3%A9\" title=\"Trésor de la langue française informatisé\">Trésor de la langue française informatisé</a></i>, sur le site du <a href=\"/wiki/Centre_national_de_ressources_textuelles_et_lexicales\" title=\"Centre national de ressources textuelles et lexicales\">Centre national de ressources textuelles et lexicales</a>.</span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite&#95;note-27\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-27\">↑</a> </span><span class=\"reference-text\"><span class=\"ouvrage\">«&#160;<a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://mariecurie.leden.org/site/radio/radio1_3.php\"><cite style=\"font-style:normal;\">Marie Curie</cite></a>&#160;», sur <span class=\"italique\">mariecurie.leden.org</span> <small style=\"line-height:1em;\">(consulté le <time class=\"nowrap\" datetime=\"2021-08-09\" data-sort-value=\"2021-08-09\">9 août 2021</time>)</small></span>.</span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite&#95;note-28\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-28\">↑</a> </span><span class=\"reference-text\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar/handle/10915/18338\">texte de la thèse</a>.</span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite&#95;note-laureat&#95;Nobel&#95;1903-29\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink noprint\">↑ <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-laureat_Nobel_1903_29-0\">a</a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-laureat_Nobel_1903_29-1\">b</a> et <a href=\"#cite_ref-laureat_Nobel_1903_29-2\">c</a></sup> </span><span class=\"reference-text\"><abbr class=\"abbr indicateur-langue\" title=\"Langue : anglais\">(en)</abbr> <span class=\"citation not&#95;fr&#95;quote\" lang=\"en\">«&#160;<span class=\"italique\">in recognition of the extraordinary services they have rendered by their joint researches on the radiation phenomena discovered by Professor Henri Becquerel</span>&#160;»</span> <i>in</i> Personnel de rédaction, «&#160;<a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1903/\"><i>The Nobel Prize in Physics 1903</i></a>&#160;», <a href=\"/wiki/Fondation_Nobel\" title=\"Fondation Nobel\">Fondation Nobel</a>, 2010. Consulté le 12 juin 2010.</span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite&#95;note-universel-30\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink noprint\">↑ <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-universel_30-0\">a</a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-universel_30-1\">b</a> et <a href=\"#cite_ref-universel_30-2\">c</a></sup> </span><span class=\"reference-text\"><span class=\"ouvrage\" id=\"Adler2006\"><span class=\"ouvrage\" id=\"Laure&#95;Adler2006\"><a href=\"/wiki/Laure_Adler\" title=\"Laure Adler\">Laure Adler</a>, <cite class=\"italique\">L'universel (au) féminin</cite>, <abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"volume\">vol.</abbr>&#160;3, <a href=\"/wiki/%C3%89ditions_L%27Harmattan\" title=\"Éditions L&#39;Harmattan\">Éditions L'Harmattan</a>, <time>2006</time><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx&#95;ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft&#95;val&#95;fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=L%27universel+%28au%29+f%C3%A9minin&amp;rft.pub=%C3%89ditions+L%27Harmattan&amp;rft.aulast=Adler&amp;rft.aufirst=Laure&amp;rft.date=2006&amp;rft.volume=3&amp;rfr&#95;id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AMarie+Curie\"></span></span></span>.</span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite&#95;note-31\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-31\">↑</a> </span><span class=\"reference-text\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http://www.accademiaxl.it/finalita_prscientifici_med_matteucci_eng.php\">Académie des sciences italienne</a>.</span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite&#95;note-32\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-32\">↑</a> </span><span class=\"reference-text\">L'intimité de la vie familiale de Marie Curie est évoquée dans les lettres échangées entre la mère et ses filles&#160;: <a href=\"/wiki/H%C3%A9l%C3%A8ne_Langevin-Joliot\" title=\"Hélène Langevin-Joliot\">Hélène Langevin-Joliot</a>, <i>Marie Curie et ses filles&#160;: Lettres</i>, Pygmalion, 2011.</span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite&#95;note-33\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-33\">↑</a> </span><span class=\"reference-text\"><span class=\"ouvrage\" id=\"Pigeard-Micault\"><span class=\"ouvrage\" id=\"Natalie&#95;Pigeard-Micault\">Natalie Pigeard-Micault, «&#160;<a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://francearchives.fr/fr/pages_histoire/26287410\"><cite style=\"font-style:normal;\">Marie Curie, Varsovie (Pologne), 7 novembre 1867 – Sancellemoz (Haute-Savoie), 4 juillet 1934</cite></a>&#160;», sur <span class=\"italique\">francearchives.fr</span> <small style=\"line-height:1em;\">(consulté le <time class=\"nowrap\" datetime=\"2022-08-11\" data-sort-value=\"2022-08-11\">11 août 2022</time>)</small></span></span>.</span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite&#95;note-34\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-34\">↑</a> </span><span class=\"reference-text\"><span class=\"ouvrage\">«&#160;<a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://musee.curie.fr/decouvrir/la-famille-curie/biographie-de-marie-curie\"><cite style=\"font-style:normal;\">Biographie de Marie Curie</cite></a>&#160;», sur <span class=\"italique\">musee.curie.fr</span> <small style=\"line-height:1em;\">(consulté le <time class=\"nowrap\" datetime=\"2022-08-11\" data-sort-value=\"2022-08-11\">11 août 2022</time>)</small></span>.</span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite&#95;note-35\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-35\">↑</a> </span><span class=\"reference-text\">Soraya Boudia, <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http://www.theses.fr/1997PA070137\"><i>Marie Curie et son laboratoire&#160;: science, industrie, instruments et métrologie de la radioactivité en France. 1896-1941</i></a>, thèse de doctorat en histoire des sciences, université Paris VII - Denis Diderot, 1997.</span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite&#95;note-36\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-36\">↑</a> </span><span class=\"reference-text\"><abbr class=\"abbr indicateur-langue\" title=\"Langues : anglais et français\">(en&#160;+&#160;fr)</abbr> Natalie Pigeard-Micault, \"The Curie's Lab and its Women (1906–1934), Le laboratoire Curie et ses Femmes (1906–1934).\", <i>Annals of Science</i>, 70.1 (2013): 71-100.</span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite&#95;note-37\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-37\">↑</a> </span><span class=\"reference-text\"><span class=\"ouvrage\" id=\"Trotereau2011\"><span class=\"ouvrage\" id=\"Janine&#95;Trotereau2011\">Janine Trotereau, <cite class=\"italique\">Marie Curie</cite>, <a href=\"/wiki/%C3%89ditions_Gallimard\" title=\"Éditions Gallimard\">Éditions Gallimard</a>, <time>2011</time>, <abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"page\">p.</abbr>&#160;178<span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx&#95;ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft&#95;val&#95;fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Marie+Curie&amp;rft.pub=%C3%89ditions+Gallimard&amp;rft.aulast=Trotereau&amp;rft.aufirst=Janine&amp;rft.date=2011&amp;rft.pages=178&amp;rfr&#95;id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AMarie+Curie\"></span></span></span></span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite&#95;note-38\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-38\">↑</a> </span><span class=\"reference-text\"><span class=\"ouvrage\" id=\"Laroche-Signorile2017\"><span class=\"ouvrage\" id=\"Véronique&#95;Laroche-Signorile2017\">Véronique Laroche-Signorile, «&#160;<a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http://www.lefigaro.fr/histoire/archives/2016/11/04/26010-20161104ARTFIG00312-marie-curie-salle-comble-pour-son-premier-cours-a-la-sorbonne-en-1906.php\"><cite style=\"font-style:normal;\">Marie Curie&#160;: salle comble pour son premier cours à la Sorbonne en 1906</cite></a>&#160;», sur <span class=\"italique\">lefigaro.fr</span>, <time class=\"nowrap\" datetime=\"2017-11-06\" data-sort-value=\"2017-11-06\">6 novembre 2017</time></span></span>.</span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite&#95;note-39\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-39\">↑</a> </span><span class=\"reference-text\"><span class=\"ouvrage\" id=\"Christen-Lécuyer2000\"><span class=\"ouvrage\" id=\"C.&#95;Christen-Lécuyer2000\">C. Christen-Lécuyer, «&#160;<cite style=\"font-style:normal\">Les premières étudiantes de l'Université de Paris</cite>&#160;», <i>Travail, genre et sociétés</i>, <abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"volume\">vol.</abbr>&#160;4, <abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"numéro\">n<sup>o</sup></abbr>&#160;2,&#8206; <time>2000</time>, <abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"pages\">p.</abbr>&#160;<span class=\"nowrap\">35-50</span> <small style=\"line-height:1em;\">(<a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://doi.org/10.3917/tgs.004.0035\">lire en ligne</a>)</small><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx&#95;ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft&#95;val&#95;fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=Les+premi%C3%A8res+%C3%A9tudiantes+de+l%27Universit%C3%A9+de+Paris&amp;rft.jtitle=Travail%2C+genre+et+soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9s&amp;rft.issue=2&amp;rft.aulast=Christen-L%C3%A9cuyer&amp;rft.aufirst=C.&amp;rft.date=2000&amp;rft.volume=4&amp;rft.pages=35-50&amp;rfr&#95;id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AMarie+Curie\"></span></span></span></span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite&#95;note-40\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-40\">↑</a> </span><span class=\"reference-text\">Yannick Ripa, «&#160;<a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http://www.histoire.presse.fr/content/2_recherche-index/article?id=3153\">Marie Curie n'entrera pas à l'Académie…</a>&#160;», <i>L'Histoire</i>, <abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"numéro\">n<sup>o</sup></abbr>&#160;258, octobre 2001.</span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite&#95;note-41\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-41\">↑</a> </span><span class=\"reference-text\"><a href=\"/wiki/%C3%89tienne_Ghys\" title=\"Étienne Ghys\">Étienne Ghys</a>, <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://vds.hypotheses.org/50\">«&#160;L’Académie des sciences, l’Institut, et les femmes, en 1911&#160;»</a>, hypotheses.org, 21 avril 2024.</span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite&#95;note-42\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-42\">↑</a> </span><span class=\"reference-text\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http://mariecurie.science.gouv.fr/portrait/portrait4_2.php\"><i>Marie, directrice de laboratoire, Le prix Nobel de chimie</i></a>, consulté le <time class=\"nowrap\" datetime=\"2008-10-25\" data-sort-value=\"2008-10-25\">25 octobre 2008</time>.</span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite&#95;note-43\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-43\">↑</a> </span><span class=\"reference-text\"><span class=\"lang-en\" lang=\"en\">Marie Curie and the Science of Radioactivity</span>, <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http://www.aip.org/history/curie/scandal2.htm\"><i><span class=\"lang-en\" lang=\"en\">Scandal and Recovery (1910 - 1913)</span></i></a>.</span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite&#95;note-laureat&#95;Nobel&#95;1911-44\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink noprint\">↑ <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-laureat_Nobel_1911_44-0\">a</a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-laureat_Nobel_1911_44-1\">b</a> et <a href=\"#cite_ref-laureat_Nobel_1911_44-2\">c</a></sup> </span><span class=\"reference-text\"><abbr class=\"abbr indicateur-langue\" title=\"Langue : anglais\">(en)</abbr> <span class=\"citation not&#95;fr&#95;quote\" lang=\"en\">«&#160;<span class=\"italique\">in recognition of her services to the advancement of chemistry by the discovery of the elements radium and polonium, by the isolation of radium and the study of the nature and compounds of this remarkable element.</span>&#160;»</span> <i>in</i> Personnel de rédaction, «&#160;<a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1911/\"><i>The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1911</i></a>&#160;», <a href=\"/wiki/Fondation_Nobel\" title=\"Fondation Nobel\">Fondation Nobel</a>, 2010. Consulté le 2 juillet 2010.</span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite&#95;note-45\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-45\">↑</a> </span><span class=\"reference-text\"><span class=\"ouvrage\" id=\"MassiotPigeard-Micault2014\"><span class=\"ouvrage\" id=\"Anaïs&#95;MassiotNatalie&#95;Pigeard-Micault2014\">Anaïs <span class=\"nom&#95;auteur\">Massiot</span> et Natalie Pigeard-Micault, <cite class=\"italique\">Marie Curie et la Grande Guerre</cite> (Biographie), Paris, Éd. Glyphe, <time>2014</time>, 77&#160;<abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"pages\">p.</abbr> <small style=\"line-height:1em;\">(<a href=\"/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number\" title=\"International Standard Book Number\">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-35815-134-4\" title=\"Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-35815-134-4\"><span class=\"nowrap\">978-2-35815-134-4</span></a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Online_Computer_Library_Center\" title=\"Online Computer Library Center\">OCLC</a>&#160;<span class=\"plainlinks noarchive nowrap\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://worldcat.org/fr/title/883654032\">883654032</a></span>, <a href=\"/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_nationale_de_France\" title=\"Bibliothèque nationale de France\">BNF</a>&#160;<span class=\"plainlinks noarchive nowrap\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb43852573c.public\">43852573</a></span>)</small><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx&#95;ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft&#95;val&#95;fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Marie+Curie+et+la+Grande+Guerre&amp;rft.place=Paris&amp;rft.pub=%C3%89d.+Glyphe&amp;rft.aulast=Massiot&amp;rft.aufirst=Ana%C3%AFs&amp;rft.au=Natalie+Pigeard-Micault&amp;rft.date=2014&amp;rft.tpages=77&amp;rft.isbn=978-2-35815-134-4&amp;rft&#95;id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F883654032&amp;rfr&#95;id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AMarie+Curie\"></span></span></span>.</span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite&#95;note-46\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-46\">↑</a> </span><span class=\"reference-text\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http://musee.curie.fr/media/files/02_Marie%20Curie.pdf\">Biographie de Marie Curie-Sklodowska (1867-1934)</a>, sur le site du musée Curie, <abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"page\">p.</abbr>&#160;2.</span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite&#95;note-47\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-47\">↑</a> </span><span class=\"reference-text\">J.-J. Ferrandis, A. Ségal, <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http://www.bium.univ-paris5.fr/sfhm/journees/2008/16.pdf\">L'essor de la radiologie osseuse pendant la guerre de 1914-1918</a>, <abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"page\">p.</abbr>&#160;50.</span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite&#95;note-48\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-48\">↑</a> </span><span class=\"reference-text\">Son collègue à l'institut du radium, le docteur <a href=\"/wiki/Claudius_Regaud\" title=\"Claudius Regaud\">Claudius Regaud</a>, était mobilisé comme médecin de seconde classe, sur le front, mais placé à la tête d'un hôpital militaire, au début du conflit, par l'entregent de son protecteur, le professeur Roux. Ne sachant pas utiliser ce matériel performant d'un point de vue médical concret, elle a demandé une formation à Béclère.</span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite&#95;note-49\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-49\">↑</a> </span><span class=\"reference-text\">L'école formera en tout 150 radiologistes. À voir, au-delà de quelques anachronismes de pensée et des reconstitutions paysagères parfois bien peu réalistes, le film «&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Marie_Curie,_une_femme_sur_le_front\" title=\"Marie Curie, une femme sur le front\">Marie Curie, une femme sur le front</a>&#160;», du réalisateur Alain Brunard, en 2013. Lire aussi de <span class=\"ouvrage\" id=\"Himbert2014\"><span class=\"ouvrage\" id=\"Marie-Noëlle&#95;Himbert2014\">Marie-Noëlle Himbert, <cite class=\"italique\">Marie Curie&#160;: portrait d'une femme engagée, 1914-1918&#160;: récit</cite>, Arles, <a href=\"/wiki/Actes_Sud\" title=\"Actes Sud\">Actes Sud</a>, <time>2014</time>, 221&#160;<abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"pages\">p.</abbr> <small style=\"line-height:1em;\">(<a href=\"/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number\" title=\"International Standard Book Number\">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-330-03678-2\" title=\"Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-330-03678-2\"><span class=\"nowrap\">978-2-330-03678-2</span></a> et <a href=\"/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/2-330-03678-7\" title=\"Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/2-330-03678-7\"><span class=\"nowrap\">2-330-03678-7</span></a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Online_Computer_Library_Center\" title=\"Online Computer Library Center\">OCLC</a>&#160;<span class=\"plainlinks noarchive nowrap\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://worldcat.org/fr/title/897661760\">897661760</a></span>, <a href=\"/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_nationale_de_France\" title=\"Bibliothèque nationale de France\">BNF</a>&#160;<span class=\"plainlinks noarchive nowrap\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb44224889j.public\">44224889</a></span>)</small><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx&#95;ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft&#95;val&#95;fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Marie+Curie+%3A+portrait+d%27une+femme+engag%C3%A9e%2C+1914-1918+%3A+r%C3%A9cit&amp;rft.place=Arles&amp;rft.pub=Actes+Sud&amp;rft.aulast=Himbert&amp;rft.aufirst=Marie-No%C3%ABlle&amp;rft.date=2014&amp;rft.tpages=221&amp;rft.isbn=978-2-330-03678-2&amp;rft&#95;id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F897661760&amp;rfr&#95;id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AMarie+Curie\"></span></span></span>.</span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite&#95;note-50\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-50\">↑</a> </span><span class=\"reference-text\">Louis-Pascal Jacquemond, <i>Irène Joliot-Curie: Biographie</i>, Odile Jacob, 2014 <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://books.google.fr/books?id=hDSlAgAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA1925-IA204&amp;#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false\">note 48, <abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"page\">p.</abbr>&#160;1925</a>.</span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite&#95;note-51\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-51\">↑</a> </span><span class=\"reference-text\"><span class=\"ouvrage\" id=\"Pigeard-Micault2013\"><span class=\"ouvrage\" id=\"Natalie&#95;Pigeard-Micault2013\">Natalie Pigeard-Micault, <cite class=\"italique\">Les femmes du laboratoire de Marie Curie</cite> (Biographie), Paris, Éd. Glyphe, <time>2013</time>, 297&#160;<abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"pages\">p.</abbr> <small style=\"line-height:1em;\">(<a href=\"/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number\" title=\"International Standard Book Number\">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-35815-111-5\" title=\"Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-35815-111-5\"><span class=\"nowrap\">978-2-35815-111-5</span></a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/2-35815-111-4\" title=\"Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/2-35815-111-4\"><span class=\"nowrap\">2-35815-111-4</span></a> et <a href=\"/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/2-35815-111-4\" title=\"Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/2-35815-111-4\"><span class=\"nowrap\">2-35815-111-4</span></a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Online_Computer_Library_Center\" title=\"Online Computer Library Center\">OCLC</a>&#160;<span class=\"plainlinks noarchive nowrap\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://worldcat.org/fr/title/863048754\">863048754</a></span>, <a href=\"/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_nationale_de_France\" title=\"Bibliothèque nationale de France\">BNF</a>&#160;<span class=\"plainlinks noarchive nowrap\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb43669089x.public\">43669089</a></span>)</small><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx&#95;ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft&#95;val&#95;fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Les+femmes+du+laboratoire+de+Marie+Curie&amp;rft.place=Paris&amp;rft.pub=%C3%89d.+Glyphe&amp;rft.aulast=Pigeard-Micault&amp;rft.aufirst=Natalie&amp;rft.date=2013&amp;rft.tpages=297&amp;rft.isbn=978-2-35815-111-5&amp;rft&#95;id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F863048754&amp;rfr&#95;id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AMarie+Curie\"></span></span></span>.</span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite&#95;note-52\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-52\">↑</a> </span><span class=\"reference-text\">Grandjean, Martin (2013) <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http://www.martingrandjean.ch/archives-images-apercus-commission-cooperation-intellectuelle/\"><i>Archives en images&#160;: Quelques aperçus de la Commission de coopération intellectuelle</i></a>.</span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite&#95;note-goldsmith-53\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-goldsmith_53-0\">↑</a> </span><span class=\"reference-text\"><span class=\"ouvrage\" id=\"Goldsmith2005\"><span class=\"ouvrage\" id=\"Barbara&#95;Goldsmith2005\">Barbara Goldsmith, <cite class=\"italique\">Obsessive Genius&#160;: The Inner World of Marie Curie</cite>, <a href=\"/wiki/W._W._Norton_%26_Company\" title=\"W. W. Norton &amp; Company\">W. W. Norton &amp; Company</a>, <time>2005</time>, 256&#160;<abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"pages\">p.</abbr> <small style=\"line-height:1em;\">(<a href=\"/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number\" title=\"International Standard Book Number\">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-0-393-05137-7\" title=\"Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-0-393-05137-7\"><span class=\"nowrap\">978-0-393-05137-7</span></a>, <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://books.google.com/books?id=xuYSLk_tHfgC\">lire en ligne</a>)</small>, <abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"page\">p.</abbr>&#160;149<span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx&#95;ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft&#95;val&#95;fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Obsessive+Genius&amp;rft.pub=W.+W.+Norton+%26+Company&amp;rft.stitle=The+Inner+World+of+Marie+Curie&amp;rft.aulast=Goldsmith&amp;rft.aufirst=Barbara&amp;rft.date=2005&amp;rft.pages=149&amp;rft.tpages=256&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-393-05137-7&amp;rfr&#95;id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AMarie+Curie\"></span></span></span>.</span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite&#95;note-54\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-54\">↑</a> </span><span class=\"reference-text\">Voir aussi sa signature, «&#160;M. Skłodowska Curie&#160;», visualisée en bas du profil.</span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite&#95;note-:0-55\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink noprint\">↑ <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:0_55-0\">a</a> et <a href=\"#cite_ref-:0_55-1\">b</a></sup> </span><span class=\"reference-text\"><span class=\"ouvrage\">«&#160;<a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://musee.curie.fr/blog/quel-est-le-vrai-nom-de-marie-curie\"><cite style=\"font-style:normal;\">Comment faut-il appeler Marie Curie&#160;?</cite></a>&#160;», sur <span class=\"italique\">musee.curie.fr</span> <small style=\"line-height:1em;\">(consulté le <time class=\"nowrap\" datetime=\"2024-04-07\" data-sort-value=\"2024-04-07\">7 avril 2024</time>)</small></span></span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite&#95;note-Perret-56\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink noprint\">↑ <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-Perret_56-0\">a</a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-Perret_56-1\">b</a> et <a href=\"#cite_ref-Perret_56-2\">c</a></sup> </span><span class=\"reference-text\"><span class=\"ouvrage\" id=\"Perret2012\"><span class=\"ouvrage\" id=\"Didier&#95;Perret2012\">Didier Perret, «&#160;<a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.rts.ch/decouverte/sciences-et-environnement/maths-physique-chimie/4642156-marie-curie-est-elle-morte-a-cause-de-son-exposition-a-la-radioactivite-.html\"><cite style=\"font-style:normal;\">Marie Curie est-elle morte à cause de son exposition à la radioactivité&#160;?</cite></a>&#160;», sur <span class=\"italique\">rts.ch</span>, <time class=\"nowrap\" datetime=\"2012-12-29\" data-sort-value=\"2012-12-29\">29 décembre 2012</time> <small style=\"line-height:1em;\">(consulté le <time class=\"nowrap\" datetime=\"2019-11-10\" data-sort-value=\"2019-11-10\">10 novembre 2019</time>)</small></span></span>.</span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite&#95;note-57\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-57\">↑</a> </span><span class=\"reference-text\"><span class=\"ouvrage\" id=\"Rey\"><span class=\"ouvrage\" id=\"Françoise&#95;Rey\">Françoise Rey, <cite class=\"italique\">Crashs au Mont-Blanc (2e édition)</cite>, Passy, Gallimard, ~30-40<span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx&#95;ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft&#95;val&#95;fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Crashs+au+Mont-Blanc+%282e+%C3%A9dition%29&amp;rft.place=Passy&amp;rft.pub=Gallimard&amp;rft.aulast=Rey&amp;rft.aufirst=Fran%C3%A7oise&amp;rft.pages=~30-40&amp;rfr&#95;id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AMarie+Curie\"></span></span></span></span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite&#95;note-58\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-58\">↑</a> </span><span class=\"reference-text\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http://fr.poland.gov.pl/2011,l%E2%80%99ann%C3%A9e,Marie,Curie-Sklodowska,Ev%C3%A8nements,7074x916.html\">fr.poland.gov.pl - Article annonçant la proclamation de 2011 comme année Marie Curie</a>.</span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite&#95;note-59\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-59\">↑</a> </span><span class=\"reference-text\">Ève Curie, <i>Madame Curie</i>, Folio, 1938.</span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite&#95;note-60\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-60\">↑</a> </span><span class=\"reference-text\"><span class=\"ouvrage\">«&#160;<a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http://curie.fr/actualites/il-y-20-ans-%E2%80%A6-pierre-marie-curie-entraient-pantheon-006100\"><cite style=\"font-style:normal;\">Il y a 20 ans … Pierre et Marie Curie entraient au Panthéon</cite></a>&#160;», sur <span class=\"italique\">curie.fr</span> <small style=\"line-height:1em;\">(consulté le <time class=\"nowrap\" datetime=\"2015-05-29\" data-sort-value=\"2015-05-29\">29 mai 2015</time>)</small></span>.</span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite&#95;note-61\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-61\">↑</a> </span><span class=\"reference-text\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http://www.franceculture.fr/emission-ce-qui-nous-arrive-demain-radio-activite-2014-10-03\">«&#160;Radio Activité&#160;»</a>, France Culture (consulté le <time class=\"nowrap\" datetime=\"2015-05-28\" data-sort-value=\"2015-05-28\">28 mai 2015</time>).</span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite&#95;note-62\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-62\">↑</a> </span><span class=\"reference-text\">Note&#160;: <abbr class=\"abbr indicateur-langue\" title=\"Langue : anglais\">(en)</abbr><span class=\"citation\">«&#160;Alpha and beta survey meter measurements taken in close proximity to the body showed slight alpha and beta contamination about the bone masses of the feet, hips and skull, 0.2 <a href=\"/wiki/Becquerel\" title=\"Becquerel\">Bq</a>/cm<sup>2</sup> beta and 0.5 Bq/cm<sup>2</sup> alpha. Laboratory analyses by OPRI of fragments of the wood coffin disclosed less than detectable levels of Ra<sup>226</sup> and Bi<sup>214</sup>&#160;»</span></span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite&#95;note-Lubeneau-63\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink noprint\">↑ <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-Lubeneau_63-0\">a</a> et <a href=\"#cite_ref-Lubeneau_63-1\">b</a></sup> </span><span class=\"reference-text\"><span class=\"ouvrage\" id=\"LubeneauPasquier2013\"><span class=\"ouvrage\" id=\"Joel&#95;O.&#95;LubeneauJean-Luc&#95;Pasquier2013\">Joel O. Lubeneau et Jean-Luc Pasquier, «&#160;<a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http://www.bshr.org.uk/journals/IL37.pdf\"><cite style=\"font-style:normal;\">The Radioactive Remains of Pierre and Marie Curie</cite></a>&#160;» <abbr class=\"abbr indicateur-format format-pdf\" title=\"Document au format Portable Document Format (PDF) d&#39;Adobe\">&#91;PDF&#93;</abbr>, sur <span class=\"italique\">Journal of British Society for the History of Radiology</span>, <time>2013</time></span></span></span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite&#95;note-64\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-64\">↑</a> </span><span class=\"reference-text\">11 <a href=\"/wiki/Rue_Pierre-et-Marie-Curie\" title=\"Rue Pierre-et-Marie-Curie\">rue Pierre-et-Marie-Curie</a>, Paris <abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"Cinquième\">5<sup>e</sup></abbr>.</span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite&#95;note-65\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-65\">↑</a> </span><span class=\"reference-text\">Site web&#160;: <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external free\" href=\"http://www.coi.pl\">http://www.coi.pl</a>&#160;; adresse&#160;: ul. Roentgena 5, 02-781 Warszawa, Pologne.</span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite&#95;note-66\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-66\">↑</a> </span><span class=\"reference-text\"><span class=\"ouvrage\">«&#160;<a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://groupe-auguria.fr/centres-auguria/\"><cite style=\"font-style:normal;\">Centres Auguria</cite></a>&#160;», sur <span class=\"italique\">Groupe AUGURIA | Centres d'imagerie médicale</span> <small style=\"line-height:1em;\">(consulté le <time class=\"nowrap\" datetime=\"2024-04-07\" data-sort-value=\"2024-04-07\">7 avril 2024</time>)</small></span></span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite&#95;note-67\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-67\">↑</a> </span><span class=\"reference-text\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http://www.umcs.lublin.pl/\">Site de l'université Marie Curie-Skłodowska</a>.</span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite&#95;note-68\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-68\">↑</a> </span><span class=\"reference-text\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http://www.mariecurie.org/\">Site de l'association <i>Marie Curie Fellowship Association</i></a>.</span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite&#95;note-69\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-69\">↑</a> </span><span class=\"reference-text\"><span class=\"ouvrage\">«&#160;<a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.lemonde.fr/les-decodeurs/article/2015/04/18/de-jules-ferry-a-pierre-perret-l-etonnant-palmares-des-noms-d-ecoles-de-colleges-et-de-lycees-en-france_4613091_4355770.html#partie1\"><cite style=\"font-style:normal;\">De Jules Ferry à Pierre Perret, l'étonnant palmarès des noms d'écoles, de collèges et de lycées en France</cite></a>&#160;», sur <span class=\"italique\"><a href=\"/wiki/Lemonde.fr\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Lemonde.fr\">lemonde.fr</a></span>, <time class=\"nowrap\" datetime=\"2015-05-18\" data-sort-value=\"2015-05-18\">18 mai 2015</time> <small style=\"line-height:1em;\">(consulté en <time class=\"nowrap\" datetime=\"2017-10\" data-sort-value=\"2017-10\">octobre 2017</time>)</small></span>.</span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite&#95;note-70\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-70\">↑</a> </span><span class=\"reference-text\">Voir le <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http://scd.docinsa.insa-lyon.fr/bibliotheque-marie-curie\">site de l'INSA</a>.</span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite&#95;note-71\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-71\">↑</a> </span><span class=\"reference-text\"><a href=\"/wiki/%C3%89cole_nationale_d%27administration_(France)\" title=\"École nationale d&#39;administration (France)\">École nationale d'administration</a>, <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http://www.ena.fr/\">site officiel</a> annonçant le <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http://www.ena.fr/index.php?/fr/actualites/Promotion-2011-2012-Marie-Curie\">vote fait par les élèves</a>.</span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite&#95;note-72\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-72\">↑</a> </span><span class=\"reference-text\"><span class=\"ouvrage\">«&#160;<a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.cgb.fr/20000-zlotych-pologne-1989-p-152a-neuf,b28_0729,a.html\"><cite style=\"font-style:normal;\">20000 Zlotych Pologne 1989 P.152a b28_0729 Billets</cite></a>&#160;», sur <span class=\"italique\">cgb.fr</span> <small style=\"line-height:1em;\">(consulté le <time class=\"nowrap\" datetime=\"2020-07-22\" data-sort-value=\"2020-07-22\">22 juillet 2020</time>)</small></span>.</span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite&#95;note-73\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-73\">↑</a> </span><span class=\"reference-text\"><span class=\"ouvrage\">«&#160;<a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.francetvinfo.fr/economie/monnaie-simone-veil-marie-curie-et-josephine-baker-seront-les-nouveaux-visages-des-pieces_6409897.html\"><cite style=\"font-style:normal;\">Monnaie&#160;: Simone Veil, Marie Curie et Joséphine Baker seront les nouveaux visages des pièces</cite></a>&#160;», sur <span class=\"italique\">Franceinfo</span>, <time class=\"nowrap\" datetime=\"2024-03-07\" data-sort-value=\"2024-03-07\">7 mars 2024</time> <small style=\"line-height:1em;\">(consulté le <time class=\"nowrap\" datetime=\"2024-03-08\" data-sort-value=\"2024-03-08\">8 mars 2024</time>)</small></span></span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite&#95;note-74\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-74\">↑</a> </span><span class=\"reference-text\"><span class=\"ouvrage\">«&#160;<a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http://www.phil-ouest.com/Timbre.php?Nom_timbre=Pierre_Marie_Curie_402\"><cite style=\"font-style:normal;\">Pierre et Marie Curie découvrent le radium - Union internationale contre le cancer - Timbre de 1938</cite></a>&#160;», sur <span class=\"italique\">phil-ouest.com</span> <small style=\"line-height:1em;\">(consulté le <time class=\"nowrap\" datetime=\"2016-02-22\" data-sort-value=\"2016-02-22\">22 février 2016</time>)</small></span>.</span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite&#95;note-75\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-75\">↑</a> </span><span class=\"reference-text\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.wikitimbres.fr/timbres/1129/1967-marie-curie-1867-1934\">Le timbre</a> sur le site <i>Wikitimbres.fr</i>.</span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite&#95;note-76\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-76\">↑</a> </span><span class=\"reference-text\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.wikitimbres.fr/timbres/7863/2011-annee-internationale-de-la-chimie\">Le timbre</a> sur le site <i>Wikitimbres.fr</i>.</span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite&#95;note-77\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-77\">↑</a> </span><span class=\"reference-text\"><span class=\"ouvrage\">«&#160;<a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http://www.letelegramme.fr/morbihan/vannes/noms-de-rue-ou-sont-les-femmes-08-03-2017-11426708.php\"><cite style=\"font-style:normal;\">Noms de rue. Où sont les femmes&#160;?</cite></a>&#160;», sur <span class=\"italique\">letelegramme.fr</span>, <time class=\"nowrap\" datetime=\"2017-03-08\" data-sort-value=\"2017-03-08\">8 mars 2017</time> <small style=\"line-height:1em;\">(consulté le <time class=\"nowrap\" datetime=\"2017-06-20\" data-sort-value=\"2017-06-20\">20 juin 2017</time>)</small></span>.</span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite&#95;note-78\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-78\">↑</a> </span><span class=\"reference-text\"><span class=\"ouvrage\" id=\"Renault2022\"><span class=\"ouvrage\" id=\"Olivier&#95;Renault2022\">Olivier Renault, «&#160;<a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.ouest-france.fr/culture/histoire/les-pionniers-de-l-ouest-victimes-des-rayons-x-165549a6-dbf3-11ec-a2d7-184436cfa888\"><cite style=\"font-style:normal;\">Les pionniers de l’Ouest victimes des rayons X</cite></a>&#160;», sur <span class=\"italique\"><a href=\"/wiki/Ouest-France\" title=\"Ouest-France\">ouest-france.fr</a></span>, <time class=\"nowrap\" datetime=\"2022-06-11\" data-sort-value=\"2022-06-11\">11 juin 2022</time> <small style=\"line-height:1em;\">(consulté le <time class=\"nowrap\" datetime=\"2022-06-11\" data-sort-value=\"2022-06-11\">11 juin 2022</time>)</small></span></span>.</span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite&#95;note-79\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-79\">↑</a> </span><span class=\"reference-text\"><span class=\"ouvrage\">«&#160;<a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.franceculture.fr/evenement/le-paradoxe-des-jumeaux-a-la-theatre-de-la-reine-blanche\"><cite style=\"font-style:normal;\">\"Le paradoxe des jumeaux\" au Théâtre de la Reine Blanche</cite></a>&#160;», sur <span class=\"italique\">franceculture.fr</span>, <time class=\"nowrap\" datetime=\"2017-11-16\" data-sort-value=\"2017-11-16\">16 novembre 2017</time> <small style=\"line-height:1em;\">(consulté le <time class=\"nowrap\" datetime=\"2017-12-24\" data-sort-value=\"2017-12-24\">24 décembre 2017</time>)</small></span></span>\n</li>\n<li id=\"cite&#95;note-80\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-80\">↑</a> </span><span class=\"reference-text\"><span class=\"ouvrage\">«&#160;<cite style=\"font-style:normal\">Dans «&#160;Radioactive&#160;», Marjane Satrapi filme Marie Curie, entre orgueil et féminisme</cite>&#160;», <i>Le Monde</i>,&#8206; <time class=\"nowrap\" datetime=\"2020-03-11\" data-sort-value=\"2020-03-11\">11 mars 2020</time> <small style=\"line-height:1em;\">(<a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.lemonde.fr/culture/article/2020/03/11/dans-radioactive-marjane-satrapi-filme-marie-curie-entre-orgueil-et-feminisme_6032574_3246.html\">lire en ligne</a>, consulté le <time class=\"nowrap\" datetime=\"2020-03-12\" data-sort-value=\"2020-03-12\">12 mars 2020</time>)</small><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx&#95;ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft&#95;val&#95;fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=Dans+%C2%AB+Radioactive+%C2%BB%2C+Marjane+Satrapi+filme+Marie+Curie%2C+entre+orgueil+et+f%C3%A9minisme&amp;rft.jtitle=Le+Monde&amp;rft.date=2020-03-11&amp;rfr&#95;id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AMarie+Curie\"></span></span></span>\n</li>\n</ol>\n</div>\n</div>\n<div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading2\"><h2 id=\"Voir_aussi\">Voir aussi</h2><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">[</span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Marie_Curie&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=40\" title=\"Modifier la section : Voir aussi\" class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\"><span>modifier</span></a><span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | </span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Marie_Curie&amp;action=edit&amp;section=40\" title=\"Modifier le code source de la section : Voir aussi\"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">]</span></span></div>\n<style data-mw-deduplicate=\"TemplateStyles:r194021218\">.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>.titre{text-align:center;margin:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>ul>li{list-style:none;margin:0.2em 0;text-indent:0;padding-left:24px;min-height:20px;text-align:left;display:block}.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>ul>li>a{font-style:italic}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .autres-projets{float:none}}</style><div class=\"autres-projets boite-grise boite-a-droite noprint js-interprojets\">\n<p class=\"titre\">Sur les autres projets Wikimedia&#160;:</p>\n<ul class=\"noarchive plainlinks\">\n<li class=\"commons\"><a class=\"external text\" href=\"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Maria_Sk%C5%82odowska-Curie?uselang=fr\">Marie Curie</a>, sur <span class=\"project\">Wikimedia Commons</span></li><li class=\"wikisource\"><a href=\"https://fr.wikisource.org/wiki/Auteur:Marie_Curie\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"s:Auteur:Marie Curie\">Marie Curie</a>, <span class=\"nowrap\">sur <span class=\"project\">Wikisource</span></span></li><li class=\"wikiquote\"><a href=\"https://fr.wikiquote.org/wiki/Marie_Curie\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"q:Marie Curie\">Marie Curie</a>, <span class=\"nowrap\">sur <span class=\"project\">Wikiquote</span></span></li>\n</ul>\n</div>\n<div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading3\"><h3 id=\"Bibliographie\">Bibliographie</h3><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">[</span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Marie_Curie&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=41\" title=\"Modifier la section : Bibliographie\" class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\"><span>modifier</span></a><span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | </span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Marie_Curie&amp;action=edit&amp;section=41\" title=\"Modifier le code source de la section : Bibliographie\"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">]</span></span></div>\n<div style=\"column-width:30em;column-gap:1em;\" class=\"colonnes\">\n<ul><li><span class=\"ouvrage\" id=\"Curie1938\"><span class=\"ouvrage\" id=\"Ève&#95;Curie1938\"><a href=\"/wiki/%C3%88ve_Curie\" title=\"Ève Curie\">Ève Curie</a>, <cite class=\"italique\">Madame Curie</cite> (biographie), Paris, <a href=\"/wiki/%C3%89ditions_Gallimard\" title=\"Éditions Gallimard\">Éditions Gallimard</a>, <time>1938</time> <small style=\"line-height:1em;\">(<a href=\"/wiki/Online_Computer_Library_Center\" title=\"Online Computer Library Center\">OCLC</a>&#160;<span class=\"plainlinks noarchive nowrap\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://worldcat.org/fr/title/1840569\">1840569</a></span>)</small><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx&#95;ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft&#95;val&#95;fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Madame+Curie&amp;rft.place=Paris&amp;rft.pub=%C3%89ditions+Gallimard&amp;rft.aulast=Curie&amp;rft.aufirst=%C3%88ve&amp;rft.date=1938&amp;rft&#95;id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1840569&amp;rfr&#95;id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AMarie+Curie\"></span></span></span></li>\n<li><span class=\"ouvrage\" id=\"CurieJoliot-CurieZiegler1974\"><span class=\"ouvrage\" id=\"Marie&#95;CurieIrène&#95;Joliot-CurieGillette&#95;G.&#95;Ziegler1974\">Marie <span class=\"nom&#95;auteur\">Curie</span>, Irène <span class=\"nom&#95;auteur\">Joliot-Curie</span> et <a href=\"/wiki/Gilette_Ziegler\" title=\"Gilette Ziegler\">Gillette G. Ziegler</a>, <cite class=\"italique\">Correspondance</cite> (Biographie), Paris, <a href=\"/wiki/%C3%89diteurs_fran%C3%A7ais_r%C3%A9unis\" title=\"Éditeurs français réunis\">Éditeurs français réunis</a>, <time>1974</time>, 348&#160;<abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"pages\">p.</abbr> <small style=\"line-height:1em;\">(<a href=\"/wiki/Online_Computer_Library_Center\" title=\"Online Computer Library Center\">OCLC</a>&#160;<span class=\"plainlinks noarchive nowrap\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://worldcat.org/fr/title/1287874\">1287874</a></span>)</small><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx&#95;ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft&#95;val&#95;fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Correspondance&amp;rft.place=Paris&amp;rft.pub=%C3%89diteurs+fran%C3%A7ais+r%C3%A9unis&amp;rft.aulast=Curie&amp;rft.aufirst=Marie&amp;rft.au=Joliot-Curie%2C+Ir%C3%A8ne&amp;rft.au=Gillette+G.+Ziegler&amp;rft.date=1974&amp;rft.tpages=348&amp;rft&#95;id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1287874&amp;rfr&#95;id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AMarie+Curie\"></span></span></span></li>\n<li>Marie Curie et Irène Joliot-Curie, <i>Prace Marii Skłodowskiej-Curie</i></li>\n<li>Robert Reid, <i>Marie Curie, derrière la légende</i>, Paris, éditions du Seuil, 1979.</li>\n<li><span class=\"ouvrage\" id=\"Giroud1981\"><span class=\"ouvrage\" id=\"Françoise&#95;Giroud1981\"><a href=\"/wiki/Fran%C3%A7oise_Giroud\" title=\"Françoise Giroud\">Françoise Giroud</a>, <cite class=\"italique\">Une femme honorable</cite>, Paris, <a href=\"/wiki/Librairie_Arth%C3%A8me_Fayard\" title=\"Librairie Arthème Fayard\">Fayard</a>, <time>1981</time>, 380&#160;<abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"pages\">p.</abbr> <small style=\"line-height:1em;\">(<a href=\"/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number\" title=\"International Standard Book Number\">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-213-01006-9\" title=\"Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-213-01006-9\"><span class=\"nowrap\">978-2-213-01006-9</span></a> et <a href=\"/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/2-213-01006-4\" title=\"Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/2-213-01006-4\"><span class=\"nowrap\">2-213-01006-4</span></a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Online_Computer_Library_Center\" title=\"Online Computer Library Center\">OCLC</a>&#160;<span class=\"plainlinks noarchive nowrap\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://worldcat.org/fr/title/8347899\">8347899</a></span>)</small><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx&#95;ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft&#95;val&#95;fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Une+femme+honorable&amp;rft.place=Paris&amp;rft.pub=Fayard&amp;rft.aulast=Giroud&amp;rft.aufirst=Fran%C3%A7oise&amp;rft.date=1981&amp;rft.tpages=380&amp;rft.isbn=978-2-213-01006-9&amp;rft&#95;id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F8347899&amp;rfr&#95;id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AMarie+Curie\"></span></span></span></li>\n<li><span class=\"ouvrage\" id=\"Quinn1996\"><span class=\"ouvrage\" id=\"Susan&#95;Quinn1996\">Susan <span class=\"nom&#95;auteur\">Quinn</span> (<abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"traduction\">trad.</abbr>&#160;Laurent Muhleisen), <cite class=\"italique\">Marie Curie</cite> (biographie), Paris, Editions Odile Jacob, <time>1996</time>, 483&#160;<abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"pages\">p.</abbr> <small style=\"line-height:1em;\">(<a href=\"/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number\" title=\"International Standard Book Number\">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-7381-0388-8\" title=\"Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-7381-0388-8\"><span class=\"nowrap\">978-2-7381-0388-8</span></a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Online_Computer_Library_Center\" title=\"Online Computer Library Center\">OCLC</a>&#160;<span class=\"plainlinks noarchive nowrap\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://worldcat.org/fr/title/35999323\">35999323</a></span>)</small><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx&#95;ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft&#95;val&#95;fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Marie+Curie&amp;rft.place=Paris&amp;rft.pub=Editions+Odile+Jacob&amp;rft.aulast=Quinn&amp;rft.aufirst=Susan&amp;rft.date=1996&amp;rft.tpages=483&amp;rft.isbn=978-2-7381-0388-8&amp;rft&#95;id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F35999323&amp;rfr&#95;id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AMarie+Curie\"></span></span></span></li>\n<li><span class=\"ouvrage\" id=\"Petit2005\"><span class=\"ouvrage\" id=\"Xavier-Laurent&#95;Petit2005\">Xavier-Laurent Petit, <cite class=\"italique\">Marie Curie</cite> (biographie), Paris, <a href=\"/wiki/L%27%C3%89cole_des_loisirs\" title=\"L&#39;École des loisirs\">L'École des loisirs</a>, <abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"collection\">coll.</abbr>&#160;«&#160;Belles vies&#160;», <time>2005</time>, 109&#160;<abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"pages\">p.</abbr> <small style=\"line-height:1em;\">(<a href=\"/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number\" title=\"International Standard Book Number\">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-211-07395-0\" title=\"Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-211-07395-0\"><span class=\"nowrap\">978-2-211-07395-0</span></a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Online_Computer_Library_Center\" title=\"Online Computer Library Center\">OCLC</a>&#160;<span class=\"plainlinks noarchive nowrap\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://worldcat.org/fr/title/62745291\">62745291</a></span>)</small><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx&#95;ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft&#95;val&#95;fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Marie+Curie&amp;rft.place=Paris&amp;rft.pub=L%27%C3%89cole+des+loisirs&amp;rft.aulast=Petit&amp;rft.aufirst=Xavier-Laurent&amp;rft.date=2005&amp;rft.tpages=109&amp;rft.isbn=978-2-211-07395-0&amp;rft&#95;id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F62745291&amp;rfr&#95;id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AMarie+Curie\"></span></span></span></li>\n<li><span class=\"ouvrage\" id=\"GoldsmithBouquetBouquet2006\"><span class=\"ouvrage\" id=\"Barbara&#95;GoldsmithEvelyne&#95;BouquetAlain&#95;Bouquet2006\">Barbara <span class=\"nom&#95;auteur\">Goldsmith</span>, Evelyne Bouquet (traducteur) et Alain Bouquet (traducteur), <cite class=\"italique\">Marie Curie&#160;: portrait intime d'une femme d'exception</cite> [«&#160;Obsessive genius&#160;»] (biographie), Paris, <a href=\"/wiki/%C3%89ditions_Dunod\" title=\"Éditions Dunod\">Éditions Dunod</a>, <abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"collection\">coll.</abbr>&#160;«&#160;Quai des sciences&#160;», <time>2006</time> <small style=\"line-height:1em;\">(<a href=\"/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number\" title=\"International Standard Book Number\">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-10-050007-9\" title=\"Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-10-050007-9\"><span class=\"nowrap\">978-2-10-050007-9</span></a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Online_Computer_Library_Center\" title=\"Online Computer Library Center\">OCLC</a>&#160;<span class=\"plainlinks noarchive nowrap\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://worldcat.org/fr/title/79869604\">79869604</a></span>)</small><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx&#95;ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft&#95;val&#95;fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Marie+Curie&amp;rft.place=Paris&amp;rft.pub=%C3%89ditions+Dunod&amp;rft.stitle=portrait+intime+d%27une+femme+d%27exception&amp;rft.aulast=Goldsmith&amp;rft.aufirst=Barbara&amp;rft.au=Evelyne+Bouquet&amp;rft.au=Alain+Bouquet&amp;rft.date=2006&amp;rft.isbn=978-2-10-050007-9&amp;rft&#95;id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F79869604&amp;rfr&#95;id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AMarie+Curie\"></span></span></span></li>\n<li><span class=\"ouvrage\" id=\"LabbéPuech2004\"><span class=\"ouvrage\" id=\"Brigitte&#95;LabbéMichel&#95;Puech2004\">Brigitte <span class=\"nom&#95;auteur\">Labbé</span> et Michel Puech (<abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"illustrations\">ill.</abbr>&#160;Jean-Pierre Joblin), <cite class=\"italique\">Marie Curie</cite> (biographie), Toulouse, France, Milan jeunesse, <abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"collection\">coll.</abbr>&#160;«&#160;De vie en vie / 13&#160;», <time>2004</time>, 58&#160;<abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"pages\">p.</abbr> <small style=\"line-height:1em;\">(<a href=\"/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number\" title=\"International Standard Book Number\">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-7459-1390-6\" title=\"Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-7459-1390-6\"><span class=\"nowrap\">978-2-7459-1390-6</span></a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Online_Computer_Library_Center\" title=\"Online Computer Library Center\">OCLC</a>&#160;<span class=\"plainlinks noarchive nowrap\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://worldcat.org/fr/title/67401277\">67401277</a></span>)</small><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx&#95;ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft&#95;val&#95;fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Marie+Curie&amp;rft.place=Toulouse%2C+France&amp;rft.pub=Milan+jeunesse&amp;rft.aulast=Labb%C3%A9&amp;rft.aufirst=Brigitte&amp;rft.au=Michel+Puech&amp;rft.date=2004&amp;rft.tpages=58&amp;rft.isbn=978-2-7459-1390-6&amp;rft&#95;id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F67401277&amp;rfr&#95;id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AMarie+Curie\"></span></span></span></li>\n<li><span class=\"ouvrage\" id=\"Gidel2008\"><span class=\"ouvrage\" id=\"Henry&#95;Gidel2008\">Henry <span class=\"nom&#95;auteur\">Gidel</span>, <cite class=\"italique\">Marie Curie</cite> (biographie), Paris, <a href=\"/wiki/Groupe_Flammarion\" title=\"Groupe Flammarion\">Flammarion</a>, <abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"collection\">coll.</abbr>&#160;«&#160;Grandes biographies&#160;», <time>2008</time>, 380&#160;<abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"pages\">p.</abbr> <small style=\"line-height:1em;\">(<a href=\"/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number\" title=\"International Standard Book Number\">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-08-121159-9\" title=\"Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-08-121159-9\"><span class=\"nowrap\">978-2-08-121159-9</span></a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Online_Computer_Library_Center\" title=\"Online Computer Library Center\">OCLC</a>&#160;<span class=\"plainlinks noarchive nowrap\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://worldcat.org/fr/title/429499368\">429499368</a></span>, <a href=\"/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_nationale_de_France\" title=\"Bibliothèque nationale de France\">BNF</a>&#160;<span class=\"plainlinks noarchive nowrap\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb41299462n.public\">41299462</a></span>)</small><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx&#95;ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft&#95;val&#95;fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Marie+Curie&amp;rft.place=Paris&amp;rft.pub=Flammarion&amp;rft.aulast=Gidel&amp;rft.aufirst=Henry&amp;rft.date=2008&amp;rft.tpages=380&amp;rft.isbn=978-2-08-121159-9&amp;rft&#95;id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F429499368&amp;rfr&#95;id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AMarie+Curie\"></span></span></span></li>\n<li><span class=\"ouvrage\" id=\"Trotereau2011\"><span class=\"ouvrage\" id=\"Janine&#95;Trotereau2011\">Janine <span class=\"nom&#95;auteur\">Trotereau</span>, <cite class=\"italique\">Marie Curie</cite>, Paris, <a href=\"/wiki/%C3%89ditions_Gallimard\" title=\"Éditions Gallimard\">Éditions Gallimard</a>, <abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"collection\">coll.</abbr>&#160;«&#160;Folio. Biographies&#160;» (<abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"numéro\">n<sup>o</sup></abbr>&#160;81), <time>2011</time>, 358&#160;<abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"pages\">p.</abbr> <small style=\"line-height:1em;\">(<a href=\"/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number\" title=\"International Standard Book Number\">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href=\"/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-07-039908-6\" title=\"Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-07-039908-6\"><span class=\"nowrap\">978-2-07-039908-6</span></a> et <a href=\"/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/2-070-39908-7\" title=\"Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/2-070-39908-7\"><span class=\"nowrap\">2-070-39908-7</span></a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Online_Computer_Library_Center\" title=\"Online Computer Library Center\">OCLC</a>&#160;<span class=\"plainlinks noarchive nowrap\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://worldcat.org/fr/title/758878809\">758878809</a></span>, <a href=\"/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_nationale_de_France\" title=\"Bibliothèque nationale de France\">BNF</a>&#160;<span class=\"plainlinks noarchive nowrap\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb42456986z.public\">42456986</a></span>)</small><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx&#95;ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft&#95;val&#95;fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Marie+Curie&amp;rft.place=Paris&amp;rft.pub=%C3%89ditions+Gallimard&amp;rft.aulast=Trotereau&amp;rft.aufirst=Janine&amp;rft.date=2011&amp;rft.tpages=358&amp;rft.isbn=978-2-07-039908-6&amp;rft&#95;id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F758878809&amp;rfr&#95;id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AMarie+Curie\"></span></span></span></li></ul>\n</div>\n<div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading3\"><h3 id=\"Filmographie_2\">Filmographie</h3><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">[</span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Marie_Curie&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=42\" title=\"Modifier la section : Filmographie\" class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\"><span>modifier</span></a><span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | </span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Marie_Curie&amp;action=edit&amp;section=42\" title=\"Modifier le code source de la section : Filmographie\"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">]</span></span></div>\n<ul><li><span class=\"ouvrage\"> <abbr class=\"abbr indicateur-format format-vidéo\" title=\"Vidéo au format MPEG, AVI...\">&#91;vidéo&#93;</abbr><span class=\"indicateur-format\">&#91;Production de télévision&#93;</span> «&#160;<a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.arte.tv/fr/videos/107397-002-A/duels-d-histoire/\"><cite style=\"font-style:normal;\">Duels d'Histoire&#160;: Marie Curie vs Jeanne Langevin</cite></a>&#160;», Olivier Carpentier (écriture et réalisation), Nicolas Brénéol (écriture et montage), Noémie Orphelin (narration)&#160;sur <a href=\"/wiki/Arte\" title=\"Arte\">Arte</a>, <time>2022</time>, 12&#160;<abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"minute\">min</abbr> <small style=\"line-height:1em;\">(consulté le <time class=\"nowrap\" datetime=\"2024-06-15\" data-sort-value=\"2024-06-15\">15 juin 2024</time>)</small></span></li></ul>\n<div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading3\"><h3 id=\"Émission\"><span id=\".C3.89mission\"></span>Émission</h3><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">[</span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Marie_Curie&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=43\" title=\"Modifier la section : Émission\" class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\"><span>modifier</span></a><span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | </span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Marie_Curie&amp;action=edit&amp;section=43\" title=\"Modifier le code source de la section : Émission\"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">]</span></span></div>\n<ul><li><small>&#91;<a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.radiofrance.fr/franceculture/podcasts/la-methode-scientifique/marie-curie-une-intelligence-irradiante-1077604\">Marie Curie&#160;: une intelligence irradiante</a>&#160;sur <a href=\"/wiki/Radio_France\" title=\"Radio France\">Radio France</a> (<a href=\"/wiki/France_Culture\" title=\"France Culture\">France Culture</a>)&#160;<abbr class=\"abbr indicateur-format format-audio\" title=\"Fichiers audio au format mp3, ogg...\">[audio]</abbr>&#160;(page consultée le 01 mars 2024)&#93;</small>, podcast/émission <i>La méthode scientifique</i> (2017), France Culture, durée <span class=\"nowrap\">0&#160;<abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"heure\">h</abbr>&#160;59</span>.</li>\n<li><span class=\"ouvrage\">«&#160;<a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http://lien=https://www.radiofrance.fr/franceinter/podcasts/autant-en-emporte-l-histoire/autant-en-emporte-l-histoire-du-dimanche-09-mars-2025-4343870\"><cite style=\"font-style:normal;\">Marie Curie, Prix Nobel, veuve illustre et femme amoureuse</cite></a>&#160;», 1 épisode de 57 mn <abbr class=\"abbr indicateur-format format-audio\" title=\"Fichiers audio au format MP3, Ogg...\">&#91;audio&#93;</abbr>, sur <span class=\"italique\">France Inter, Autant en emporte l'histoire</span>, <time class=\"nowrap\" datetime=\"2025-03\" data-sort-value=\"2025-03\">mars 2025</time> <small style=\"line-height:1em;\">(consulté en <time class=\"nowrap\" datetime=\"2026-01\" data-sort-value=\"2026-01\">janvier 2026</time>)</small></span></li></ul>\n<div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading3\"><h3 id=\"Articles_connexes\">Articles connexes</h3><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">[</span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Marie_Curie&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=44\" title=\"Modifier la section : Articles connexes\" class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\"><span>modifier</span></a><span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | </span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Marie_Curie&amp;action=edit&amp;section=44\" title=\"Modifier le code source de la section : Articles connexes\"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">]</span></span></div>\n<div class=\"noprint boite-grise boite-a-droite\" style=\"text-align:left;\">\n<div style=\"float:left;\"><span typeof=\"mw:File\"><span><img alt=\"\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Circle-icons-frames.svg/60px-Circle-icons-frames.svg.png?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"45\" height=\"45\" class=\"mw-file-element\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Circle-icons-frames.svg/120px-Circle-icons-frames.svg.png?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" data-file-width=\"512\" data-file-height=\"512\" /></span></span></div>\n<div style=\"margin-left:60px;\">Une <a href=\"/wiki/Aide:Cat%C3%A9gorie\" title=\"Aide:Catégorie\">catégorie</a> est consacrée à ce sujet&#160;: <i><a href=\"/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Marie_Curie\" title=\"Catégorie:Marie Curie\">Marie Curie</a></i>.</div>\n<div style=\"clear:left;\"></div>\n</div>\n<div style=\"column-width:30em;column-gap:1em;\" class=\"colonnes\">\n<ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Radioactivit%C3%A9\" title=\"Radioactivité\">Radioactivité</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Radium\" title=\"Radium\">Radium</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Pierre_Curie\" title=\"Pierre Curie\">Pierre Curie</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Famille_Curie\" title=\"Famille Curie\">Famille Curie</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Institut_Curie\" title=\"Institut Curie\">Institut Curie</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_Curie\" title=\"Musée Curie\">Musée Curie</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Place_des_femmes_dans_l%27attribution_du_prix_Nobel\" title=\"Place des femmes dans l&#39;attribution du prix Nobel\">Place des femmes dans l'attribution du prix Nobel</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Liste_des_Fran%C3%A7ais_laur%C3%A9ats_du_prix_Nobel\" title=\"Liste des Français lauréats du prix Nobel\">Liste des Français lauréats du prix Nobel</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Chronologie_de_la_place_des_femmes_dans_les_sciences_en_France\" title=\"Chronologie de la place des femmes dans les sciences en France\">Chronologie de la place des femmes dans les sciences en France</a></li></ul>\n</div>\n<div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading3\"><h3 id=\"Liens_externes\">Liens externes</h3><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">[</span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Marie_Curie&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=45\" title=\"Modifier la section : Liens externes\" class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\"><span>modifier</span></a><span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | </span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Marie_Curie&amp;action=edit&amp;section=45\" title=\"Modifier le code source de la section : Liens externes\"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">]</span></span></div>\n<ul><li><abbr class=\"abbr indicateur-langue\" title=\"Langue : anglais\">(en)</abbr> <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1903/marie-curie/biographical/\">Biographie pour le prix Nobel de physique</a> sur le site de la <a href=\"/wiki/Fondation_Nobel\" title=\"Fondation Nobel\">fondation Nobel</a> (le bandeau sur la page comprend plusieurs liens relatifs à la remise du prix, dont un document rédigé par la personne lauréate —&#160;le <i>Nobel Lecture</i>&#160;— qui détaille ses apports)</li>\n<li><abbr class=\"abbr indicateur-langue\" title=\"Langue : anglais\">(en)</abbr> <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1911/marie-curie/biographical/\">Biographie pour le prix Nobel de chimie</a> sur le site de la <a href=\"/wiki/Fondation_Nobel\" title=\"Fondation Nobel\">fondation Nobel</a> (le bandeau sur la page comprend plusieurs liens relatifs à la remise du prix, dont un document rédigé par la personne lauréate —&#160;le <i>Nobel Lecture</i>&#160;— qui détaille ses apports)</li>\n<li><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http://docnum.unistra.fr/cdm/search/searchterm/curie%2C%20marie/field/creato/mode/all/conn/and/order/creato\">Ouvrages de Marie Curie</a> numérisés par le SCD de l'université de Strasbourg.</li>\n<li><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http://www.calames.abes.fr/pub/#details?id=FileId-450\">Archives du Musée Curie</a>.</li>\n<li>Dossiers d'enseignant (conservés aux <a href=\"/wiki/Archives_nationales_(France)\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Archives nationales (France)\">Archives nationales</a>):\n<ul><li><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.archives-nationales.culture.gouv.fr/siv/rechercheconsultation/consultation/ir/consultationIR.action?udId=c2uyzzeztoqc-tksta6ob2gwx&amp;consIr=&amp;irId=FRAN_IR_049902&amp;frontIr=&amp;auSeinIR=false\">Dossier de carrière F/17/22812/A</a>.</li>\n<li><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.archives-nationales.culture.gouv.fr/siv/rechercheconsultation/consultation/pog/consultationPogN3.action?nopId=c614xe07767--x3g7ii8l3gyk&amp;pogId=FRAN_POG_04&amp;search=\">Dossier du rectorat AJ/16/5944</a>.</li>\n<li><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.archives-nationales.culture.gouv.fr/siv/rechercheconsultation/consultation/pog/consultationPogN3.action?nopId=c614xe07767--x3g7ii8l3gyk&amp;pogId=FRAN_POG_04&amp;search=\">Dossier de la faculté des lettres</a>.</li></ul></li>\n<li><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://sites.google.com/site/lmdsmariecurie/home\">Les Leçons de Marie Curie</a>&#160;: site consacré aux leçons de physique-chimie, niveau élémentaire, dispensées aux enfants par Marie Curie</li>\n<li><span class=\"ouvrage\" id=\"Reverdy-ThéveniaudLe&#95;PoullennecMusée&#95;Curie&#95;et&#95;Université&#95;Paris&#95;Sciences&#95;et&#95;Lettres\"><span class=\"ouvrage\" id=\"Xavier&#95;Reverdy-ThéveniaudAnnael&#95;Le&#95;PoullennecMusée&#95;Curie&#95;et&#95;Université&#95;Paris&#95;Sciences&#95;et&#95;Lettres\"><abbr class=\"abbr indicateur-langue\" title=\"Langues : français et anglais\">(fr&#160;+&#160;en)</abbr> Xavier Reverdy-Théveniaud, Annael Le Poullennec <i><abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"et alii (et d’autres)\">et al.</abbr></i>, <a href=\"/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_Curie\" title=\"Musée Curie\">Musée Curie</a> et <a href=\"/wiki/Universit%C3%A9_Paris_Sciences_et_Lettres\" title=\"Université Paris Sciences et Lettres\">Université Paris Sciences et Lettres</a>, «&#160;<a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://explore.psl.eu/fr/decouvrir/expositions-virtuelles/marie-curie-1867-1934\"><cite style=\"font-style:normal;\" lang=\"fr\">Marie Curie 1867-1934&#160;: Vie et œuvre scientifique de Marie Curie</cite></a>&#160;», Exposition virtuelle conçue comme le prolongement de l'exposition itinérante  «&#160;Marie Curie 1867-1934&#160;», sur <span class=\"italique\">explore.psl.eu</span> <small style=\"line-height:1em;\">(consulté le <time class=\"nowrap\" datetime=\"2025-10-29\" data-sort-value=\"2025-10-29\">29 octobre 2025</time>)</small></span></span></li></ul>\n<dl><dt>Notices et ressources</dt></dl>\n<p class=\"mw-empty-elt\">\n</p>\n<ul><li class=\"mw-empty-elt\"></li>\n<li class=\"mw-empty-elt\"></li>\n<li><span><span class=\"wd&#95;p485\">Archives conservées par<span class=\"noprint wikidata-linkback skin-invert\"><span class=\"mw-valign-baseline noviewer\" typeof=\"mw:File\"><a href=\"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7186?uselang=fr#P485\" title=\"Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata\"><img alt=\"Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"10\" height=\"10\" class=\"mw-file-element\" data-file-width=\"600\" data-file-height=\"600\" /></a></span></span></span>&#160;: <a href=\"/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_nationale_de_France\" title=\"Bibliothèque nationale de France\">Bibliothèque nationale de France</a> (<a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://gallica.bnf.fr/services/engine/search/sru?operation=searchRetrieve&amp;exactSearch=false&amp;collapsing=true&amp;version=1.2&amp;query=%28%28%28%28%28%28%28%28%28gallica%20all%20%22ark:/12148/btv1b9080265j%22%20or%20gallica%20all%20%22ark:/12148/btv1b90802785%22%20%29%20or%20gallica%20all%20%22ark:/12148/btv1b90802696%20%22%20%29%20or%20gallica%20all%20%22ark:/12148/btv1b9080267c%22%20%29%20or%20gallica%20all%20%22ark:/12148/btv1b9080261w%22%20%29%20or%20gallica%20all%20%22ark:/12148/btv1b9080272p%22%20%29%20or%20gallica%20all%20%22ark:/12148/btv1b90803061%22%20%29%20or%20gallica%20all%20%22ark:/12148/btv1b9080274h%22%20%29%20or%20gallica%20all%20%22ark:/12148/btv1b9080300j%22%20%29%20or%20gallica%20all%20%22ark:/12148/btv1b84515222%20%22%20%29%20&amp;suggest=10#resultat-id-5\">btv1b84515222%20%22%20%29%20&amp;suggest=10#resultat-id-5</a>)</span></li>\n<li><span class=\"liste-horizontale noarchive\"><span class=\"wd&#95;identifiers\">Ressources relatives à la recherche<span class=\"noprint wikidata-linkback skin-invert\"><span class=\"mw-valign-baseline noviewer\" typeof=\"mw:File\"><a href=\"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7186?uselang=fr#identifiers\" title=\"Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata\"><img alt=\"Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"10\" height=\"10\" class=\"mw-file-element\" data-file-width=\"600\" data-file-height=\"600\" /></a></span></span></span>&#160;: <ul><li><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.atomicheritage.org/profile/marie-curie\"><span class=\"lang-en\" lang=\"en\">Atomic Heritage Foundation</span></a></li> <li><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://cths.fr/an/savant.php?id=111098\"><i>La France savante</i></a></li> <li><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://genealogy.math.ndsu.nodak.edu/id.php?id=177944\"><span class=\"lang-en\" lang=\"en\">Mathematics Genealogy Project</span></a></li> <li><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.uri?authorId=22987484400\"><span class=\"lang-en\" lang=\"en\">Scopus</span></a></li> </ul></span></li>\n<li><span class=\"liste-horizontale noarchive\"><span class=\"wd&#95;identifiers\">Ressources relatives à la musique<span class=\"noprint wikidata-linkback skin-invert\"><span class=\"mw-valign-baseline noviewer\" typeof=\"mw:File\"><a href=\"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7186?uselang=fr#identifiers\" title=\"Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata\"><img alt=\"Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"10\" height=\"10\" class=\"mw-file-element\" data-file-width=\"600\" data-file-height=\"600\" /></a></span></span></span>&#160;: <ul><li><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://data.carnegiehall.org/names/42358/about\"><span class=\"lang-en\" lang=\"en\">Carnegie Hall</span></a></li> <li><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.discogs.com/artist/2064516\"><span class=\"lang-en\" lang=\"en\">Discogs</span></a></li> <li><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://musicbrainz.org/artist/73f235f9-98b7-4092-a219-85ad031bcd6d\"><span class=\"lang-en\" lang=\"en\">MusicBrainz</span></a></li> </ul></span></li>\n<li><span class=\"liste-horizontale noarchive\"><span class=\"wd&#95;identifiers\">Ressources relatives aux beaux-arts<span class=\"noprint wikidata-linkback skin-invert\"><span class=\"mw-valign-baseline noviewer\" typeof=\"mw:File\"><a href=\"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7186?uselang=fr#identifiers\" title=\"Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata\"><img alt=\"Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"10\" height=\"10\" class=\"mw-file-element\" data-file-width=\"600\" data-file-height=\"600\" /></a></span></span></span>&#160;: <ul><li><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/term/BIOG146156\"><span class=\"lang-en\" lang=\"en\">British Museum</span></a></li> <li><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/person/mp146878\"><span class=\"lang-en\" lang=\"en\">National Portrait Gallery</span></a></li> </ul></span></li>\n<li><span class=\"liste-horizontale noarchive\"><span class=\"wd&#95;identifiers\">Ressources relatives à l'audiovisuel<span class=\"noprint wikidata-linkback skin-invert\"><span class=\"mw-valign-baseline noviewer\" typeof=\"mw:File\"><a href=\"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7186?uselang=fr#identifiers\" title=\"Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata\"><img alt=\"Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"10\" height=\"10\" class=\"mw-file-element\" data-file-width=\"600\" data-file-height=\"600\" /></a></span></span></span>&#160;: <ul><li><a class=\"external text\" href=\"https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=345&amp;url_prefix=https://www.imdb.com/&amp;id=nm1792513\">IMDb</a></li> <li><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.themoviedb.org/person/1672629\"><span class=\"lang-en\" lang=\"en\">The Movie Database</span></a></li> </ul></span></li>\n<li><span class=\"liste-horizontale noarchive\"><span class=\"wd&#95;identifiers\">Ressource relative à la santé<span class=\"noprint wikidata-linkback skin-invert\"><span class=\"mw-valign-baseline noviewer\" typeof=\"mw:File\"><a href=\"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7186?uselang=fr#identifiers\" title=\"Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata\"><img alt=\"Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"10\" height=\"10\" class=\"mw-file-element\" data-file-width=\"600\" data-file-height=\"600\" /></a></span></span></span>&#160;: <ul><li><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http://www.biusante.parisdescartes.fr/histoire/biographies/index.php?cle=5089\">Bibliothèque interuniversitaire de santé</a></li> </ul></span></li>\n<li><span class=\"liste-horizontale noarchive\"><span class=\"wd&#95;identifiers\">Ressource relative à plusieurs domaines<span class=\"noprint wikidata-linkback skin-invert\"><span class=\"mw-valign-baseline noviewer\" typeof=\"mw:File\"><a href=\"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7186?uselang=fr#identifiers\" title=\"Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata\"><img alt=\"Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"10\" height=\"10\" class=\"mw-file-element\" data-file-width=\"600\" data-file-height=\"600\" /></a></span></span></span>&#160;: <ul><li><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.radiofrance.fr/personnes/marie-curie\">Radio France</a></li> </ul></span></li>\n<li><span class=\"liste-horizontale noarchive\"><span class=\"wd&#95;identifiers\">Ressource relative à la bande dessinée<span class=\"noprint wikidata-linkback skin-invert\"><span class=\"mw-valign-baseline noviewer\" typeof=\"mw:File\"><a href=\"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7186?uselang=fr#identifiers\" title=\"Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata\"><img alt=\"Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"10\" height=\"10\" class=\"mw-file-element\" data-file-width=\"600\" data-file-height=\"600\" /></a></span></span></span>&#160;: <ul><li><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://comicvine.gamespot.com/wd/4005-4135/\"><span class=\"lang-en\" lang=\"en\">Comic Vine</span></a></li> </ul></span> </li>\n<li><div class=\"liste-horizontale\"><span class=\"wd&#95;identifiers\">Notices dans des dictionnaires ou encyclopédies généralistes<span class=\"noprint wikidata-linkback skin-invert\"><span class=\"mw-valign-baseline noviewer\" typeof=\"mw:File\"><a href=\"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7186?uselang=fr#identifiers\" title=\"Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata\"><img alt=\"Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"10\" height=\"10\" class=\"mw-file-element\" data-file-width=\"600\" data-file-height=\"600\" /></a></span></span></span>&#160;: <ul><li><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http://www.academieroyale.be/fr/la-biographie-nationale-personnalites-detail/personnalites/marie-curie/Vrai/\"><i>Biographie nationale de Belgique</i></a></li> <li><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.britannica.com/biography/Marie-Curie\"><i>Britannica</i></a></li> <li><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://brockhaus.de/ecs/enzy/article/curie-marie-marya\"><i>Brockhaus</i></a></li> <li><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http://cbw.iath.virginia.edu/women_display.php?id=11301\"><i>Collective Biographies of Women</i></a></li> <li><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://denstoredanske.lex.dk//Marie_Curie/\"><i>Den Store Danske Encyklopædi</i></a></li> <li><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http://www.deutsche-biographie.de/118523023.html\"><i>Deutsche Biographie</i></a></li> <li><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.dictionnaire-creatrices.com/fiche-marie-curie\"><i>Dictionnaire universel des créatrices</i></a></li> <li><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http://www.enciclopediadelledonne.it/biografie/maria-sklodowska-curie\"><i>Enciclopedia delle donne</i></a></li> <li><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/marie-curie_(Enciclopedia-Italiana)/\"><i>Enciclopedia italiana</i></a></li> <li><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.enciclopedia.cat/EC-GEC-0021092.xml\"><i>Gran Enciclopèdia Catalana</i></a></li> <li><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http://www.enciklopedija.hr/Natuknica.aspx?ID=12996\"><i>Hrvatska Enciklopedija</i></a></li> <li><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://encyklopedia.pwn.pl/haslo/;3975962\"><i>Internetowa encyklopedia PWN</i></a></li> <li><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.ne.se/uppslagsverk/encyklopedi/lång/marie-curie\"><i>Nationalencyklopedin</i></a></li> <li><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.munzinger.de/register/portrait/biographien/-/00/00000001995\">Munzinger</a></li> <li><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.ipsb.nina.gov.pl/a/biografia/maria-salomea-sklodowska-curie-1867-1934-fizyczka-profesor\"><i>Polski Słownik Biograficzny</i></a></li> <li><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://proleksis.lzmk.hr/16341\"><i>Proleksis enciklopedija</i></a></li> <li><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://snl.no/Marie_Curie\"><i>Store norske leksikon</i></a></li> <li><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/pierre-e-marie-curie\"><i>Treccani</i></a></li> <li><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.vle.lt/Straipsnis/marie-curie\"><i>Visuotinė lietuvių enciklopedija</i></a></li> </ul></div></li>\n<li><div class=\"liste-horizontale\"><span class=\"wd&#95;identifiers\"><a href=\"/wiki/Autorit%C3%A9_(sciences_de_l%27information)\" title=\"Autorité (sciences de l&#39;information)\">Notices d'autorité</a><span class=\"noprint wikidata-linkback skin-invert\"><span class=\"mw-valign-baseline noviewer\" typeof=\"mw:File\"><a href=\"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7186?uselang=fr#identifiers\" title=\"Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata\"><img alt=\"Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"10\" height=\"10\" class=\"mw-file-element\" data-file-width=\"600\" data-file-height=\"600\" /></a></span></span></span>&#160;: <ul><li><span class=\"nowrap uid noarchive\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://viaf.org/viaf/76353174\">VIAF</a></span></li> <li><span class=\"nowrap uid noarchive\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://isni.org/isni/0000000368644542\">ISNI</a></span></li> <li><span class=\"nowrap uid noarchive\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb121447141\">BnF</a></span> (<span class=\"nowrap uid noarchive\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb121447141\">données</a></span>)</li> <li><span class=\"nowrap uid noarchive\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.idref.fr/029924960\">IdRef</a></span></li> <li><span class=\"nowrap uid noarchive\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n80155913\">LCCN</a></span></li> <li><span class=\"nowrap uid noarchive\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://d-nb.info/gnd/118523023\">GND</a></span></li> <li><span class=\"nowrap uid noarchive\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://opac.sbn.it/nome/VIAV099896\">Italie</a></span></li> <li><span class=\"nowrap uid noarchive\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00437030\">Japon</a></span></li> <li><span class=\"nowrap uid noarchive\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA03311404?l=en\">CiNii</a></span></li> <li><span class=\"nowrap uid noarchive\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://datos.bne.es/resource/XX899975\">Espagne</a></span></li> <li><span class=\"nowrap uid noarchive\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://opac.kbr.be/LIBRARY/doc/AUTHORITY/14668640\">Belgique</a></span></li> <li><span class=\"nowrap uid noarchive\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p068951698\">Pays-Bas</a></span></li> <li><span class=\"nowrap uid noarchive\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810637196505606\">Pologne</a></span></li> <li><span class=\"nowrap uid noarchive\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007260035105171\">Israël</a></span></li> <li><span class=\"nowrap uid noarchive\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http://nukat.edu.pl/aut/n%20%2094301302\">NUKAT</a></span></li> <li><span class=\"nowrap uid noarchive\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058525750106706\">Catalogne</a></span></li> <li><span class=\"nowrap uid noarchive\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://libris.kb.se/auth/182625\">Suède</a></span></li> <li><span class=\"nowrap uid noarchive\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/495_241949\">Vatican</a></span></li> </ul></div></li></ul>\n<div class=\"navbox-container\" style=\"clear:both;\">\n<table class=\"navbox collapsible noprint collapsed\" style=\"\">\n<tbody><tr><th class=\"navbox-title\" colspan=\"2\" style=\"\"><div style=\"float:left; width:6em; text-align:left\"><div class=\"noprint plainlinks nowrap tnavbar\" style=\"padding:0; font-size:xx-small; color:var(--color-emphasized, #000000);\"><a href=\"/wiki/Mod%C3%A8le:Palette_Laur%C3%A9ats_du_prix_Nobel_de_physique\" title=\"Modèle:Palette Lauréats du prix Nobel de physique\"><abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"Voir ce modèle.\">v</abbr></a>&#160;· <a class=\"external text\" data-mw-original-href=\"//fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mod%C3%A8le:Palette_Laur%C3%A9ats_du_prix_Nobel_de_physique&amp;action=edit\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mod%C3%A8le:Palette_Laur%C3%A9ats_du_prix_Nobel_de_physique&amp;action=edit\"><abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"Modifier ce modèle. Merci de prévisualiser avant de sauvegarder.\">m</abbr></a></div></div><div style=\"font-size:110%\">Lauréats du <a href=\"/wiki/Prix_Nobel_de_physique\" title=\"Prix Nobel de physique\">prix Nobel de physique</a></div></th>\n</tr>  <tr>\n<th class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"\">1901–1925</th>\n<td class=\"navbox-list\" style=\"\"><div class=\"liste-horizontale\">\n<ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Wilhelm_R%C3%B6ntgen\" title=\"Wilhelm Röntgen\">Röntgen</a> (1901)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Hendrik_Lorentz\" title=\"Hendrik Lorentz\">Lorentz</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Pieter_Zeeman\" title=\"Pieter Zeeman\">Zeeman</a> (1902)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Henri_Becquerel\" title=\"Henri Becquerel\">Becquerel</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Pierre_Curie\" title=\"Pierre Curie\">P. Curie</a>, <a class=\"mw-selflink selflink\">M. Curie</a> (1903)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/John_William_Strutt_Rayleigh\" title=\"John William Strutt Rayleigh\">Rayleigh</a> (1904)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Philipp_Lenard\" title=\"Philipp Lenard\">Lenard</a> (1905)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Joseph_John_Thomson\" title=\"Joseph John Thomson\">Thomson</a> (1906)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Albert_A._Michelson\" title=\"Albert A. Michelson\">Michelson</a> (1907)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Gabriel_Lippmann\" title=\"Gabriel Lippmann\">Lippmann</a> (1908)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Guglielmo_Marconi\" title=\"Guglielmo Marconi\">Marconi</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Ferdinand_Braun\" title=\"Ferdinand Braun\">Braun</a> (1909)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Johannes_Diderik_van_der_Waals\" title=\"Johannes Diderik van der Waals\">van der Waals</a> (1910)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Wilhelm_Wien\" title=\"Wilhelm Wien\">Wien</a> (1911)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Gustaf_Dal%C3%A9n\" title=\"Gustaf Dalén\">Dalén</a> (1912)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Heike_Kamerlingh_Onnes\" title=\"Heike Kamerlingh Onnes\">Kamerlingh Onnes</a> (1913)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Max_von_Laue\" title=\"Max von Laue\">Laue</a> (1914)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/William_Henry_Bragg\" title=\"William Henry Bragg\">W. H. Bragg</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/William_Lawrence_Bragg\" title=\"William Lawrence Bragg\">W. L. Bragg</a> (1915)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Charles_Glover_Barkla\" title=\"Charles Glover Barkla\">Barkla</a> (1917)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Max_Planck\" title=\"Max Planck\">Planck</a> (1918)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Johannes_Stark\" title=\"Johannes Stark\">Stark</a> (1919)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Charles_%C3%89douard_Guillaume\" title=\"Charles Édouard Guillaume\">Guillaume</a> (1920)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Albert_Einstein\" title=\"Albert Einstein\">Einstein</a> (1921)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Niels_Bohr\" title=\"Niels Bohr\">N. Bohr</a> (1922)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Robert_Andrews_Millikan\" title=\"Robert Andrews Millikan\">Millikan</a> (1923)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Karl_Manne_Georg_Siegbahn\" title=\"Karl Manne Georg Siegbahn\">M. Siegbahn</a> (1924)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/James_Franck\" title=\"James Franck\">Franck</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Gustav_Hertz\" title=\"Gustav Hertz\">Hertz</a> (1925)</li></ul>\n</div></td>\n</tr> <tr>\n<th class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"\">1926–1950</th>\n<td class=\"navbox-list navbox-even\" style=\"\"><div class=\"liste-horizontale\">\n<ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Jean_Perrin\" title=\"Jean Perrin\">Perrin</a> (1926)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Arthur_Compton\" title=\"Arthur Compton\">Compton</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Charles_Thomson_Rees_Wilson\" title=\"Charles Thomson Rees Wilson\">C. Wilson</a> (1927)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Owen_Willans_Richardson\" title=\"Owen Willans Richardson\">O. Richardson</a> (1928)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Louis_de_Broglie\" title=\"Louis de Broglie\">De Broglie</a> (1929)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Chandrashekhara_Venkata_R%C3%A2man\" title=\"Chandrashekhara Venkata Râman\">Râman</a> (1930)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Werner_Heisenberg\" title=\"Werner Heisenberg\">Heisenberg</a> (1932)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger\" title=\"Erwin Schrödinger\">Schrödinger</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Paul_Dirac\" title=\"Paul Dirac\">Dirac</a> (1933)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/James_Chadwick\" title=\"James Chadwick\">Chadwick</a> (1935)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Victor_Franz_Hess\" title=\"Victor Franz Hess\">Hess</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Carl_David_Anderson\" title=\"Carl David Anderson\">C. D. Anderson</a> (1936)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Clinton_Joseph_Davisson\" title=\"Clinton Joseph Davisson\">Davisson</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/George_Paget_Thomson\" title=\"George Paget Thomson\">Thomson</a> (1937)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Enrico_Fermi\" title=\"Enrico Fermi\">Fermi</a> (1938)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Ernest_Orlando_Lawrence\" title=\"Ernest Orlando Lawrence\">Lawrence</a> (1939)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Otto_Stern\" title=\"Otto Stern\">Stern</a> (1943)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Isidor_Isaac_Rabi\" title=\"Isidor Isaac Rabi\">Rabi</a> (1944)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Wolfgang_Pauli\" title=\"Wolfgang Pauli\">Pauli</a> (1945)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Percy_Williams_Bridgman\" title=\"Percy Williams Bridgman\">Bridgman</a> (1946)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Edward_Appleton\" title=\"Edward Appleton\">Appleton</a> (1947)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Patrick_Blackett\" title=\"Patrick Blackett\">Blackett</a> (1948)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Hideki_Yukawa\" title=\"Hideki Yukawa\">Yukawa</a> (1949)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Cecil_Frank_Powell\" title=\"Cecil Frank Powell\">Powell</a> (1950)</li></ul>\n</div></td>\n</tr> <tr>\n<th class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"\">1951–1975</th>\n<td class=\"navbox-list\" style=\"\"><div class=\"liste-horizontale\">\n<ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/John_Cockcroft\" title=\"John Cockcroft\">Cockcroft</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Ernest_Walton\" title=\"Ernest Walton\">Walton</a> (1951)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/F%C3%A9lix_Bloch\" title=\"Félix Bloch\">Bloch</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Edward_Mills_Purcell\" title=\"Edward Mills Purcell\">Purcell</a> (1952)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Frederik_Zernike\" title=\"Frederik Zernike\">Zernike</a> (1953)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Max_Born\" title=\"Max Born\">Born</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Walther_Bothe\" title=\"Walther Bothe\">Bothe</a> (1954)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Willis_Eugene_Lamb\" title=\"Willis Eugene Lamb\">Lamb</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Polykarp_Kusch\" title=\"Polykarp Kusch\">Kusch</a> (1955)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/William_Shockley\" title=\"William Shockley\">Shockley</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/John_Bardeen\" title=\"John Bardeen\">Bardeen</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Walter_Houser_Brattain\" title=\"Walter Houser Brattain\">Brattain</a> (1956)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Chen_Ning_Yang\" title=\"Chen Ning Yang\">Yang</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Tsung-Dao_Lee\" title=\"Tsung-Dao Lee\">T. D. Lee</a> (1957)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Pavel_Tcherenkov\" title=\"Pavel Tcherenkov\">Cherenkov</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Ilia_Frank\" title=\"Ilia Frank\">Frank</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Igor_Tamm\" title=\"Igor Tamm\">Tamm</a> (1958)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Emilio_Segr%C3%A8\" title=\"Emilio Segrè\">Segrè</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Owen_Chamberlain\" title=\"Owen Chamberlain\">Chamberlain</a> (1959)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Donald_Arthur_Glaser\" title=\"Donald Arthur Glaser\">Glaser</a> (1960)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Robert_Hofstadter\" title=\"Robert Hofstadter\">Hofstadter</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Rudolf_M%C3%B6ssbauer\" title=\"Rudolf Mössbauer\">Mössbauer</a> (1961)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Lev_Landau\" title=\"Lev Landau\">Landau</a> (1962)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Eugene_Wigner\" title=\"Eugene Wigner\">Wigner</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Maria_Goeppert-Mayer\" title=\"Maria Goeppert-Mayer\">Goeppert-Mayer</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Hans_Daniel_Jensen\" title=\"Hans Daniel Jensen\">Jensen</a> (1963)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Charles_Townes\" title=\"Charles Townes\">Townes</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Nikola%C3%AF_Bassov\" title=\"Nikolaï Bassov\">Bassov</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Alexandre_Mikha%C3%AFlovitch_Prokhorov\" title=\"Alexandre Mikhaïlovitch Prokhorov\">Prokhorov</a> (1964)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Sin-Itiro_Tomonaga\" title=\"Sin-Itiro Tomonaga\">Tomonaga</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Julian_Schwinger\" title=\"Julian Schwinger\">Schwinger</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Richard_Feynman\" title=\"Richard Feynman\">Feynman</a> (1965)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Alfred_Kastler\" title=\"Alfred Kastler\">Kastler</a> (1966)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Hans_Bethe\" title=\"Hans Bethe\">Bethe</a> (1967)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Luis_Walter_Alvarez\" title=\"Luis Walter Alvarez\">Alvarez</a> (1968)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Murray_Gell-Mann\" title=\"Murray Gell-Mann\">Gell-Mann</a> (1969)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Hannes_Alfv%C3%A9n\" title=\"Hannes Alfvén\">Alfvén</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Louis_N%C3%A9el\" title=\"Louis Néel\">Néel</a> (1970)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Dennis_Gabor\" title=\"Dennis Gabor\">Gabor</a> (1971)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/John_Bardeen\" title=\"John Bardeen\">Bardeen</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Leon_Neil_Cooper\" title=\"Leon Neil Cooper\">Cooper</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/John_Robert_Schrieffer\" title=\"John Robert Schrieffer\">Schrieffer</a> (1972)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Leo_Esaki\" title=\"Leo Esaki\">Esaki</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Ivar_Giaever\" title=\"Ivar Giaever\">Giaever</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Brian_David_Josephson\" title=\"Brian David Josephson\">Josephson</a> (1973)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Martin_Ryle\" title=\"Martin Ryle\">Ryle</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Antony_Hewish\" title=\"Antony Hewish\">Hewish</a> (1974)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Aage_Bohr\" title=\"Aage Bohr\">A. Bohr</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Ben_Roy_Mottelson\" title=\"Ben Roy Mottelson\">Mottelson</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/James_Rainwater\" title=\"James Rainwater\">Rainwater</a> (1975)</li></ul>\n</div></td>\n</tr> <tr>\n<th class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"\">1976–2000</th>\n<td class=\"navbox-list navbox-even\" style=\"\"><div class=\"liste-horizontale\">\n<ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Burton_Richter\" title=\"Burton Richter\">Richter</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Samuel_Ting\" title=\"Samuel Ting\">Ting</a> (1976)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Philip_Warren_Anderson\" title=\"Philip Warren Anderson\">P. W. Anderson</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Nevill_Mott\" title=\"Nevill Mott\">Mott</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/John_Hasbrouck_van_Vleck\" title=\"John Hasbrouck van Vleck\">Van Vleck</a> (1977)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Piotr_Kapitsa\" title=\"Piotr Kapitsa\">Kapitsa</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Arno_Allan_Penzias\" title=\"Arno Allan Penzias\">Penzias</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Robert_Woodrow_Wilson\" title=\"Robert Woodrow Wilson\">R. Wilson</a> (1978)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Sheldon_Glashow\" title=\"Sheldon Glashow\">Glashow</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Abdus_Salam\" title=\"Abdus Salam\">Salam</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Steven_Weinberg_(physicien)\" title=\"Steven Weinberg (physicien)\">Weinberg</a> (1979)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/James_Watson_Cronin\" title=\"James Watson Cronin\">Cronin</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Val_Logsdon_Fitch\" title=\"Val Logsdon Fitch\">Fitch</a> (1980)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Nicolaas_Bloembergen\" title=\"Nicolaas Bloembergen\">Bloembergen</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Arthur_Leonard_Schawlow\" title=\"Arthur Leonard Schawlow\">Schawlow</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Kai_Siegbahn\" title=\"Kai Siegbahn\">K. Siegbahn</a> (1981)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Kenneth_Geddes_Wilson\" title=\"Kenneth Geddes Wilson\">K. Wilson</a> (1982)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Subrahmanyan_Chandrasekhar\" title=\"Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar\">Chandrasekhar</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/William_Fowler\" title=\"William Fowler\">Fowler</a> (1983)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Carlo_Rubbia\" title=\"Carlo Rubbia\">Rubbia</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Simon_van_der_Meer\" title=\"Simon van der Meer\">van der Meer</a> (1984)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Klaus_von_Klitzing\" title=\"Klaus von Klitzing\">von Klitzing</a> (1985)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Ernst_Ruska\" title=\"Ernst Ruska\">Ruska</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Gerd_Binnig\" title=\"Gerd Binnig\">Binnig</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Heinrich_Rohrer\" title=\"Heinrich Rohrer\">Rohrer</a> (1986)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Johannes_Georg_Bednorz\" title=\"Johannes Georg Bednorz\">Bednorz</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Karl_Alexander_M%C3%BCller\" title=\"Karl Alexander Müller\">Müller</a> (1987)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Leon_Lederman\" title=\"Leon Lederman\">Lederman</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Melvin_Schwartz\" title=\"Melvin Schwartz\">Schwartz</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Jack_Steinberger\" title=\"Jack Steinberger\">Steinberger</a> (1988)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Norman_Foster_Ramsey\" title=\"Norman Foster Ramsey\">Ramsey</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Hans_Georg_Dehmelt\" title=\"Hans Georg Dehmelt\">Dehmelt</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Wolfgang_Paul\" title=\"Wolfgang Paul\">Paul</a> (1989)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Jerome_Isaac_Friedman\" title=\"Jerome Isaac Friedman\">Friedman</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Henry_Way_Kendall\" title=\"Henry Way Kendall\">Kendall</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Richard_E._Taylor\" title=\"Richard E. Taylor\">R. Taylor</a> (1990)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Pierre-Gilles_de_Gennes\" title=\"Pierre-Gilles de Gennes\">de Gennes</a> (1991)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Georges_Charpak\" title=\"Georges Charpak\">Charpak</a> (1992)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Russell_Alan_Hulse\" title=\"Russell Alan Hulse\">Hulse</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Joseph_Hooton_Taylor\" title=\"Joseph Hooton Taylor\">J. Taylor</a> (1993)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Bertram_Brockhouse\" title=\"Bertram Brockhouse\">Brockhouse</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Clifford_Shull\" title=\"Clifford Shull\">Shull</a> (1994)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Martin_Lewis_Perl\" title=\"Martin Lewis Perl\">Perl</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Frederick_Reines\" title=\"Frederick Reines\">Reines</a> (1995)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/David_Morris_Lee\" title=\"David Morris Lee\">D. Lee</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Douglas_Osheroff\" title=\"Douglas Osheroff\">Osheroff</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Robert_Coleman_Richardson\" title=\"Robert Coleman Richardson\">R. Richardson</a> (1996)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Steven_Chu\" title=\"Steven Chu\">Chu</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Claude_Cohen-Tannoudji\" title=\"Claude Cohen-Tannoudji\">Cohen-Tannoudji</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/William_D._Phillips\" title=\"William D. Phillips\">Phillips</a> (1997)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Robert_B._Laughlin\" title=\"Robert B. Laughlin\">Laughlin</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Horst_St%C3%B6rmer\" title=\"Horst Störmer\">Störmer</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Daniel_Tsui\" title=\"Daniel Tsui\">Tsui</a> (1998)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Gerard_%27t_Hooft\" title=\"Gerard &#39;t Hooft\">'t Hooft</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Martinus_Veltman\" title=\"Martinus Veltman\">Veltman</a> (1999)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Jaur%C3%A8s_Alferov\" title=\"Jaurès Alferov\">Alferov</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Herbert_Kroemer\" title=\"Herbert Kroemer\">Kroemer</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Jack_Kilby\" title=\"Jack Kilby\">Kilby</a> (2000)</li></ul>\n</div></td>\n</tr> <tr>\n<th class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"\">2001-2025</th>\n<td class=\"navbox-list\" style=\"\"><div class=\"liste-horizontale\">\n<ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Eric_Cornell\" title=\"Eric Cornell\">Cornell</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Wolfgang_Ketterle\" title=\"Wolfgang Ketterle\">Ketterle</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Carl_Wieman\" title=\"Carl Wieman\">Wieman</a> (2001)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Raymond_Davis_Jr.\" title=\"Raymond Davis Jr.\">Davis</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Masatoshi_Koshiba\" title=\"Masatoshi Koshiba\">Koshiba</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Riccardo_Giacconi\" title=\"Riccardo Giacconi\">Giacconi</a> (2002)</li>\n<li><span typeof=\"mw:File\"><span title=\"Bon article\"><img alt=\"Bon article\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Bon_article.svg/20px-Bon_article.svg.png?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"10\" height=\"10\" class=\"mw-file-element\" data-file-width=\"20\" data-file-height=\"20\" /></span></span> <a href=\"/wiki/Alexe%C3%AF_Abrikossov_(physicien)\" title=\"Alexeï Abrikossov (physicien)\">Abrikossov</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Vitali_Guinzbourg\" title=\"Vitali Guinzbourg\">Guinzbourg</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Anthony_Leggett\" title=\"Anthony Leggett\">Leggett</a> (2003)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/David_J._Gross\" title=\"David J. Gross\">Gross</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/H._David_Politzer\" title=\"H. David Politzer\">Politzer</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Frank_Wilczek\" title=\"Frank Wilczek\">Wilczek</a> (2004)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Roy_J._Glauber\" title=\"Roy J. Glauber\">Glauber</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/John_Lewis_Hall\" title=\"John Lewis Hall\">Hall</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Theodor_W._H%C3%A4nsch\" title=\"Theodor W. Hänsch\">Hänsch</a> (2005)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/John_C._Mather\" title=\"John C. Mather\">Mather</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/George_Smoot\" title=\"George Smoot\">Smoot</a> (2006)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Albert_Fert\" title=\"Albert Fert\">Fert</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Peter_Gr%C3%BCnberg\" title=\"Peter Grünberg\">Grünberg</a> (2007)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Yoichiro_Nambu\" title=\"Yoichiro Nambu\">Nambu</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Makoto_Kobayashi_(physicien)\" title=\"Makoto Kobayashi (physicien)\">Kobayashi</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Toshihide_Maskawa\" title=\"Toshihide Maskawa\">Maskawa</a> (2008)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Charles_Kao\" title=\"Charles Kao\">Kao</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Willard_Boyle\" title=\"Willard Boyle\">Boyle</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/George_E._Smith\" title=\"George E. Smith\">Smith</a> (2009)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Andre_Geim\" title=\"Andre Geim\">Geim</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Konstantin_Novoselov\" title=\"Konstantin Novoselov\">Novoselov</a> (2010)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Saul_Perlmutter\" title=\"Saul Perlmutter\">Perlmutter</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Brian_P._Schmidt\" title=\"Brian P. Schmidt\">Schmidt</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Adam_Riess\" title=\"Adam Riess\">Riess</a> (2011)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Serge_Haroche\" title=\"Serge Haroche\">Haroche</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/David_Wineland\" title=\"David Wineland\">Wineland</a> (2012)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Englert\" title=\"François Englert\">Englert</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Peter_Higgs\" title=\"Peter Higgs\">Higgs</a> (2013)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Isamu_Akasaki\" title=\"Isamu Akasaki\">Akasaki</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Hiroshi_Amano\" title=\"Hiroshi Amano\">Amano</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Shuji_Nakamura\" title=\"Shuji Nakamura\">Nakamura</a> (2014)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Takaaki_Kajita\" title=\"Takaaki Kajita\">Kajita</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Arthur_B._McDonald\" title=\"Arthur B. McDonald\">McDonald</a> (2015)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/John_M._Kosterlitz\" title=\"John M. Kosterlitz\">Kosterlitz</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Duncan_Haldane\" title=\"Duncan Haldane\">Haldane</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/David_J._Thouless\" title=\"David J. Thouless\">Thouless</a> (2016)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Rainer_Weiss\" title=\"Rainer Weiss\">Weiss</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Barry_C._Barish\" title=\"Barry C. Barish\">Barish</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Kip_Thorne\" title=\"Kip Thorne\">Thorne</a> (2017)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Arthur_Ashkin\" title=\"Arthur Ashkin\">Ashkin</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/G%C3%A9rard_Mourou\" title=\"Gérard Mourou\">Mourou</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Donna_Strickland\" title=\"Donna Strickland\">Strickland</a> (2018)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/James_Peebles\" title=\"James Peebles\">Peebles</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Michel_Mayor\" title=\"Michel Mayor\">Mayor</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Didier_Queloz\" title=\"Didier Queloz\">Queloz</a> (2019)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Reinhard_Genzel\" title=\"Reinhard Genzel\">Genzel</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Andrea_M._Ghez\" title=\"Andrea M. Ghez\">Ghez</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Roger_Penrose\" title=\"Roger Penrose\">Penrose</a> (2020)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Giorgio_Parisi\" title=\"Giorgio Parisi\">Parisi</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Klaus_Hasselmann\" title=\"Klaus Hasselmann\">Hasselmann</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Syukuro_Manabe\" title=\"Syukuro Manabe\">Manabe</a> (2021)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Alain_Aspect\" title=\"Alain Aspect\">Aspect</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/John_Clauser\" title=\"John Clauser\">Clauser</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Anton_Zeilinger\" title=\"Anton Zeilinger\">Zeilinger</a> (2022)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Pierre_Agostini\" title=\"Pierre Agostini\">Agostini</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Ferenc_Krausz\" title=\"Ferenc Krausz\">Krausz</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Anne_L%27Huillier\" title=\"Anne L&#39;Huillier\">L'Huillier</a> (2023)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/John_Joseph_Hopfield\" title=\"John Joseph Hopfield\">Hopfield</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Geoffrey_Hinton\" title=\"Geoffrey Hinton\">Hinton</a> (2024)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/John_Clarke\" title=\"John Clarke\">Clarke</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Michel_Devoret\" title=\"Michel Devoret\">Devoret</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/John_M._Martinis\" title=\"John M. Martinis\">Martinis</a> (2025)</li></ul>\n</div></td>\n</tr>                          <tr>\n<td class=\"navbox-banner\" style=\"\" colspan=\"2\"><div class=\"liste-horizontale\">\n<ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Prix_Nobel\" title=\"Prix Nobel\">Prix Nobel</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Prix_Nobel_de_chimie\" title=\"Prix Nobel de chimie\">Chimie</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Prix_Nobel_de_litt%C3%A9rature\" title=\"Prix Nobel de littérature\">Littérature</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Prix_Nobel_de_la_paix\" title=\"Prix Nobel de la paix\">Paix</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Prix_de_la_Banque_de_Su%C3%A8de_en_sciences_%C3%A9conomiques_en_m%C3%A9moire_d%27Alfred_Nobel\" title=\"Prix de la Banque de Suède en sciences économiques en mémoire d&#39;Alfred Nobel\">Économie</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Prix_Nobel_de_physique\" title=\"Prix Nobel de physique\">Physique</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Prix_Nobel_de_physiologie_ou_m%C3%A9decine\" title=\"Prix Nobel de physiologie ou médecine\">Physiologie ou médecine</a></li></ul>\n</div></td></tr></tbody></table>\n<table class=\"navbox collapsible noprint collapsed\" style=\"\">\n<tbody><tr><th class=\"navbox-title\" colspan=\"2\" style=\"\"><div style=\"float:left; width:6em; text-align:left\"><div class=\"noprint plainlinks nowrap tnavbar\" style=\"padding:0; font-size:xx-small; color:var(--color-emphasized, #000000);\"><a href=\"/wiki/Mod%C3%A8le:Palette_Laur%C3%A9ats_du_prix_Nobel_de_chimie\" title=\"Modèle:Palette Lauréats du prix Nobel de chimie\"><abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"Voir ce modèle.\">v</abbr></a>&#160;· <a class=\"external text\" data-mw-original-href=\"//fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mod%C3%A8le:Palette_Laur%C3%A9ats_du_prix_Nobel_de_chimie&amp;action=edit\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mod%C3%A8le:Palette_Laur%C3%A9ats_du_prix_Nobel_de_chimie&amp;action=edit\"><abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"Modifier ce modèle. Merci de prévisualiser avant de sauvegarder.\">m</abbr></a></div></div><div style=\"font-size:110%\">Lauréats du <a href=\"/wiki/Prix_Nobel_de_chimie\" title=\"Prix Nobel de chimie\">prix Nobel de chimie</a></div></th>\n</tr>  <tr>\n<th class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"\">1901-1925</th>\n<td class=\"navbox-list\" style=\"\"><div class=\"liste-horizontale\">\n<ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Jacobus_Henricus_van_%27t_Hoff\" title=\"Jacobus Henricus van &#39;t Hoff\">van 't Hoff</a> (1901)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Emil_Fischer\" title=\"Emil Fischer\">E. Fischer</a> (1902)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Svante_August_Arrhenius\" title=\"Svante August Arrhenius\">Arrhenius</a> (1903)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/William_Ramsay\" title=\"William Ramsay\">Ramsay</a> (1904)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Adolf_von_Baeyer\" title=\"Adolf von Baeyer\">von Baeyer</a> (1905)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Henri_Moissan\" title=\"Henri Moissan\">Moissan</a> (1906)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Eduard_Buchner\" title=\"Eduard Buchner\">Buchner</a> (1907)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Ernest_Rutherford\" title=\"Ernest Rutherford\">Rutherford</a> (1908)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Wilhelm_Ostwald\" title=\"Wilhelm Ostwald\">Ostwald</a> (1909)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Otto_Wallach\" title=\"Otto Wallach\">Wallach</a> (1910)</li>\n<li><a class=\"mw-selflink selflink\">Curie</a> (1911)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Victor_Grignard\" title=\"Victor Grignard\">Grignard</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Paul_Sabatier_(chimiste)\" title=\"Paul Sabatier (chimiste)\">Sabatier</a> (1912)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Alfred_Werner\" title=\"Alfred Werner\">Werner</a> (1913)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Theodore_William_Richards\" title=\"Theodore William Richards\">Richards</a> (1914)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Richard_Willst%C3%A4tter\" title=\"Richard Willstätter\">Willstätter</a> (1915)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Fritz_Haber\" title=\"Fritz Haber\">Haber</a> (1918)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Walther_Nernst\" title=\"Walther Nernst\">Nernst</a> (1920)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Frederick_Soddy\" title=\"Frederick Soddy\">Soddy</a> (1921)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Francis_William_Aston\" title=\"Francis William Aston\">Aston</a> (1922)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Fritz_Pregl\" title=\"Fritz Pregl\">Pregl</a> (1923)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Richard_Adolf_Zsigmondy\" title=\"Richard Adolf Zsigmondy\">Zsigmondy</a> (1925)</li></ul>\n</div></td>\n</tr> <tr>\n<th class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"\">1926-1950</th>\n<td class=\"navbox-list navbox-even\" style=\"\"><div class=\"liste-horizontale\">\n<ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Theodor_Svedberg\" title=\"Theodor Svedberg\">Svedberg</a> (1926)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Heinrich_Otto_Wieland\" title=\"Heinrich Otto Wieland\">Wieland</a> (1927)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Adolf_Windaus\" title=\"Adolf Windaus\">Windaus</a> (1928)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Arthur_Harden\" title=\"Arthur Harden\">Harden</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Hans_von_Euler-Chelpin\" title=\"Hans von Euler-Chelpin\">von Euler-Chelpin</a> (1929)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Hans_Fischer\" title=\"Hans Fischer\">H. Fischer</a> (1930)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Carl_Bosch\" title=\"Carl Bosch\">Bosch</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Friedrich_Bergius\" title=\"Friedrich Bergius\">Bergius</a> (1931)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Irving_Langmuir\" title=\"Irving Langmuir\">Langmuir</a> (1932)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Harold_Clayton_Urey\" title=\"Harold Clayton Urey\">Urey</a> (1934)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Joliot-Curie\" title=\"Frédéric Joliot-Curie\">F. Joliot-Curie</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Ir%C3%A8ne_Joliot-Curie\" title=\"Irène Joliot-Curie\">I. Joliot-Curie</a> (1935)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Peter_Debye\" title=\"Peter Debye\">Debye</a> (1936)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Walter_Norman_Haworth\" title=\"Walter Norman Haworth\">Haworth</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Paul_Karrer\" title=\"Paul Karrer\">Karrer</a> (1937)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Richard_Kuhn\" title=\"Richard Kuhn\">Kuhn</a> (1938)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Adolf_Butenandt\" title=\"Adolf Butenandt\">Butenandt</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Lavoslav_Ru%C5%BEi%C4%8Dka\" title=\"Lavoslav Ružička\">Ružička</a> (1939)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/George_de_Hevesy\" title=\"George de Hevesy\">de Hevesy</a> (1943)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Otto_Hahn\" title=\"Otto Hahn\">Hahn</a> (1944)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Artturi_Ilmari_Virtanen\" title=\"Artturi Ilmari Virtanen\">Virtanen</a> (1945)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/James_Batcheller_Sumner\" title=\"James Batcheller Sumner\">Sumner</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/John_Howard_Northrop\" title=\"John Howard Northrop\">Northrop</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Wendell_Meredith_Stanley\" title=\"Wendell Meredith Stanley\">Stanley</a> (1946)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Robert_Robinson\" title=\"Robert Robinson\">Robinson</a> (1947)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Arne_Tiselius\" title=\"Arne Tiselius\">Tiselius</a> (1948)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/William_Francis_Giauque\" title=\"William Francis Giauque\">Giauque</a> (1949)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Otto_Diels\" title=\"Otto Diels\">Diels</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Kurt_Alder\" title=\"Kurt Alder\">Alder</a> (1950)</li></ul>\n</div></td>\n</tr> <tr>\n<th class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"\">1951-1975</th>\n<td class=\"navbox-list\" style=\"\"><div class=\"liste-horizontale\">\n<ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Edwin_McMillan\" title=\"Edwin McMillan\">McMillan</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Glenn_Theodore_Seaborg\" title=\"Glenn Theodore Seaborg\">Seaborg</a> (1951)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Archer_John_Porter_Martin\" title=\"Archer John Porter Martin\">Martin</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Richard_Laurence_Millington_Synge\" title=\"Richard Laurence Millington Synge\">Synge</a> (1952)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Hermann_Staudinger\" title=\"Hermann Staudinger\">Staudinger</a> (1953)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Linus_Pauling\" title=\"Linus Pauling\">Pauling</a> (1954)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Vincent_du_Vigneaud\" title=\"Vincent du Vigneaud\">du Vigneaud</a> (1955)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Cyril_Norman_Hinshelwood\" title=\"Cyril Norman Hinshelwood\">Hinshelwood</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Nikola%C3%AF_Semionov\" title=\"Nikolaï Semionov\">Semionov</a> (1956)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Alexander_Robert_Todd\" title=\"Alexander Robert Todd\">Todd</a> (1957)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Frederick_Sanger\" title=\"Frederick Sanger\">Sanger</a> (1958)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Jaroslav_Heyrovsk%C3%BD\" title=\"Jaroslav Heyrovský\">Heyrovský</a> (1959)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Willard_Frank_Libby\" title=\"Willard Frank Libby\">Libby</a> (1960)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Melvin_Calvin\" title=\"Melvin Calvin\">Calvin</a> (1961)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Max_Ferdinand_Perutz\" title=\"Max Ferdinand Perutz\">Perutz</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/John_Kendrew\" title=\"John Kendrew\">Kendrew</a> (1962)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Karl_Ziegler\" title=\"Karl Ziegler\">Ziegler</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Giulio_Natta\" title=\"Giulio Natta\">Natta</a> (1963)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Dorothy_Crowfoot_Hodgkin\" title=\"Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin\">Hodgkin</a> (1964)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Robert_Burns_Woodward\" title=\"Robert Burns Woodward\">Woodward</a> (1965)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Robert_Mulliken\" title=\"Robert Mulliken\">Mulliken</a> (1966)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Manfred_Eigen\" title=\"Manfred Eigen\">Eigen</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Ronald_George_Wreyford_Norrish\" title=\"Ronald George Wreyford Norrish\">Norrish</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/George_Porter\" title=\"George Porter\">Porter</a> (1967)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Lars_Onsager\" title=\"Lars Onsager\">Onsager</a> (1968)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Derek_Barton\" title=\"Derek Barton\">Barton</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Odd_Hassel\" title=\"Odd Hassel\">Hassel</a> (1969)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Luis_Federico_Leloir\" title=\"Luis Federico Leloir\">Leloir</a> (1970)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Gerhard_Herzberg\" title=\"Gerhard Herzberg\">Herzberg</a> (1971)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Christian_Boehmer_Anfinsen\" title=\"Christian Boehmer Anfinsen\">Anfinsen</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Stanford_Moore\" title=\"Stanford Moore\">Moore</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/William_Howard_Stein\" title=\"William Howard Stein\">Stein</a> (1972)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Ernst_Otto_Fischer\" title=\"Ernst Otto Fischer\">E. O. Fischer</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Geoffrey_Wilkinson\" title=\"Geoffrey Wilkinson\">Wilkinson</a> (1973)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Paul_J._Flory\" title=\"Paul J. Flory\">Flory</a> (1974)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/John_Warcup_Cornforth\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"John Warcup Cornforth\">Cornforth</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Vladimir_Prelog\" title=\"Vladimir Prelog\">Prelog</a> (1975)</li></ul>\n</div></td>\n</tr> <tr>\n<th class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"\">1976-2000</th>\n<td class=\"navbox-list navbox-even\" style=\"\"><div class=\"liste-horizontale\">\n<ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/William_Lipscomb\" title=\"William Lipscomb\">Lipscomb</a> (1976)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Ilya_Prigogine\" title=\"Ilya Prigogine\">Prigogine</a> (1977)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Peter_Mitchell\" title=\"Peter Mitchell\">Mitchell</a> (1978)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Herbert_C._Brown\" title=\"Herbert C. Brown\">Brown</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Georg_Wittig\" title=\"Georg Wittig\">Wittig</a> (1979)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Paul_Berg\" title=\"Paul Berg\">Berg</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Walter_Gilbert\" title=\"Walter Gilbert\">Gilbert</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Frederick_Sanger\" title=\"Frederick Sanger\">Sanger</a> (1980)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Ken%27ichi_Fukui\" title=\"Ken&#39;ichi Fukui\">Fukui</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Roald_Hoffmann\" title=\"Roald Hoffmann\">Hoffmann</a> (1981)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Aaron_Klug\" title=\"Aaron Klug\">Klug</a> (1982)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Henry_Taube\" title=\"Henry Taube\">Taube</a> (1983)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Robert_Bruce_Merrifield\" title=\"Robert Bruce Merrifield\">Merrifield</a> (1984)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Herbert_Aaron_Hauptman\" title=\"Herbert Aaron Hauptman\">Hauptman</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Jerome_Karle\" title=\"Jerome Karle\">Karle</a> (1985)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Dudley_Robert_Herschbach\" title=\"Dudley Robert Herschbach\">Herschbach</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Yuan_Tseh_Lee\" title=\"Yuan Tseh Lee\">Lee</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/John_Polanyi\" title=\"John Polanyi\">Polanyi</a> (1986)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Donald_J._Cram\" title=\"Donald J. Cram\">Cram</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Jean-Marie_Lehn\" title=\"Jean-Marie Lehn\">Lehn</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Charles_Pedersen\" title=\"Charles Pedersen\">Pedersen</a> (1987)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Johann_Deisenhofer\" title=\"Johann Deisenhofer\">Deisenhofer</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Robert_Huber\" title=\"Robert Huber\">Huber</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Hartmut_Michel\" title=\"Hartmut Michel\">Michel</a> (1988)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Sidney_Altman\" title=\"Sidney Altman\">Altman</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Thomas_Robert_Cech\" title=\"Thomas Robert Cech\">Cech</a> (1989)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Elias_James_Corey\" title=\"Elias James Corey\">Corey</a> (1990)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Richard_R._Ernst\" title=\"Richard R. Ernst\">Ernst</a> (1991)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Rudolph_Marcus\" title=\"Rudolph Marcus\">Marcus</a> (1992)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Kary_Mullis\" title=\"Kary Mullis\">Mullis</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Michael_Smith\" title=\"Michael Smith\">Smith</a> (1993)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/George_A._Olah\" title=\"George A. Olah\">Olah</a> (1994)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Paul_Josef_Crutzen\" title=\"Paul Josef Crutzen\">Crutzen</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Mario_J._Molina\" title=\"Mario J. Molina\">Molina</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Frank_Sherwood_Rowland\" title=\"Frank Sherwood Rowland\">Rowland</a> (1995)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Robert_Curl\" title=\"Robert Curl\">Curl</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Harold_Kroto\" title=\"Harold Kroto\">Kroto</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Richard_Smalley\" title=\"Richard Smalley\">Smalley</a> (1996)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Paul_D._Boyer\" title=\"Paul D. Boyer\">Boyer</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/John_Ernest_Walker\" title=\"John Ernest Walker\">Walker</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Jens_Christian_Skou\" title=\"Jens Christian Skou\">Skou</a> (1997)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Walter_Kohn\" title=\"Walter Kohn\">Kohn</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/John_Pople\" title=\"John Pople\">Pople</a> (1998)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Ahmed_Zewail\" title=\"Ahmed Zewail\">Zewail</a> (1999)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Alan_Heeger\" title=\"Alan Heeger\">Heeger</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Alan_MacDiarmid\" title=\"Alan MacDiarmid\">MacDiarmid</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Hideki_Shirakawa\" title=\"Hideki Shirakawa\">Shirakawa</a> (2000)</li></ul>\n</div></td>\n</tr> <tr>\n<th class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"\">2001-2025</th>\n<td class=\"navbox-list\" style=\"\"><div class=\"liste-horizontale\">\n<ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/William_Standish_Knowles\" title=\"William Standish Knowles\">Knowles</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Ry%C5%8Dji_Noyori\" title=\"Ryōji Noyori\">Noyori</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/K._Barry_Sharpless\" title=\"K. Barry Sharpless\">Sharpless</a> (2001)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/John_B._Fenn\" title=\"John B. Fenn\">Fenn</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/K%C5%8Dichi_Tanaka\" title=\"Kōichi Tanaka\">Tanaka</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Kurt_W%C3%BCthrich\" title=\"Kurt Wüthrich\">Wüthrich</a> (2002)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Peter_Agre\" title=\"Peter Agre\">Agre</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Roderick_MacKinnon\" title=\"Roderick MacKinnon\">MacKinnon</a> (2003)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Aaron_Ciechanover\" title=\"Aaron Ciechanover\">Ciechanover</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Avram_Hershko\" title=\"Avram Hershko\">Hershko</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Irwin_Rose\" title=\"Irwin Rose\">Rose</a> (2004)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Yves_Chauvin\" title=\"Yves Chauvin\">Chauvin</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Robert_Grubbs\" title=\"Robert Grubbs\">Grubbs</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Richard_R._Schrock\" title=\"Richard R. Schrock\">Schrock</a> (2005)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Roger_Kornberg\" title=\"Roger Kornberg\">Kornberg</a> (2006)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Gerhard_Ertl\" title=\"Gerhard Ertl\">Ertl</a> (2007)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Osamu_Shimomura\" title=\"Osamu Shimomura\">Shimomura</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Martin_Chalfie\" title=\"Martin Chalfie\">Chalfie</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Roger_Tsien\" title=\"Roger Tsien\">Tsien</a> (2008)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Venkatraman_Ramakrishnan\" title=\"Venkatraman Ramakrishnan\">Ramakrishnan</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Thomas_Steitz\" title=\"Thomas Steitz\">Steitz</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Ada_Yonath\" title=\"Ada Yonath\">Yonath</a> (2009)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Richard_Heck\" title=\"Richard Heck\">Heck</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Ei-ichi_Negishi\" title=\"Ei-ichi Negishi\">Negishi</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Akira_Suzuki\" title=\"Akira Suzuki\">Suzuki</a> (2010)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Dan_Shechtman\" title=\"Dan Shechtman\">Dan Shechtman</a> (2011)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Brian_Kobilka\" title=\"Brian Kobilka\">Kobilka</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Robert_Lefkowitz\" title=\"Robert Lefkowitz\">Lefkowitz</a> (2012)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Martin_Karplus\" title=\"Martin Karplus\">Karplus</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Michael_Levitt\" title=\"Michael Levitt\">Levitt</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Arieh_Warshel\" title=\"Arieh Warshel\">Warshel</a> (2013)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Eric_Betzig\" title=\"Eric Betzig\">Betzig</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Stefan_Hell\" title=\"Stefan Hell\">Hell</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/William_Moerner\" title=\"William Moerner\">Moerner</a> (2014)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Tomas_Lindahl\" title=\"Tomas Lindahl\">Lindahl</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Paul_L._Modrich\" title=\"Paul L. Modrich\">Modrich</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Aziz_Sancar\" title=\"Aziz Sancar\">Sancar</a> (2015)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Jean-Pierre_Sauvage_(chimiste)\" title=\"Jean-Pierre Sauvage (chimiste)\">Sauvage</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Fraser_Stoddart\" title=\"Fraser Stoddart\">Stoddart</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Ben_Feringa\" title=\"Ben Feringa\">Feringa</a> (2016)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Jacques_Dubochet\" title=\"Jacques Dubochet\">Dubochet</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Joachim_Frank\" title=\"Joachim Frank\">Frank</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Richard_Henderson\" title=\"Richard Henderson\">Henderson</a> (2017)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Frances_Arnold\" title=\"Frances Arnold\">Arnold</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/George_Smith_(chimiste)\" title=\"George Smith (chimiste)\">Smith</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Gregory_Winter\" title=\"Gregory Winter\">Winter</a> (2018)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/John_B._Goodenough\" title=\"John B. Goodenough\">Goodenough</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Stanley_Whittingham\" title=\"Stanley Whittingham\">Whittingham</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Akira_Yoshino\" title=\"Akira Yoshino\">Yoshino</a> (2019)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Emmanuelle_Charpentier\" title=\"Emmanuelle Charpentier\">Charpentier</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Jennifer_Doudna\" title=\"Jennifer Doudna\">Doudna</a> (2020)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/David_MacMillan_(chimiste)\" title=\"David MacMillan (chimiste)\">MacMillan</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Benjamin_List\" title=\"Benjamin List\">List</a> (2021)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Carolyn_R._Bertozzi\" title=\"Carolyn R. Bertozzi\">Bertozzi</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Morten_Meldal\" title=\"Morten Meldal\">Meldal</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/K._Barry_Sharpless\" title=\"K. Barry Sharpless\">Sharpless</a> (2022)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Moungi_G._Bawendi\" title=\"Moungi G. Bawendi\">Bawendi</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Louis_E._Brus\" title=\"Louis E. Brus\">Brus</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Alexe%C3%AF_Iekimov\" title=\"Alexeï Iekimov\">Iekimov</a> (2023)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/David_Baker_(scientifique)\" title=\"David Baker (scientifique)\">Baker</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Demis_Hassabis\" title=\"Demis Hassabis\">Hassabis</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/John_Michael_Jumper\" title=\"John Michael Jumper\">Jumper</a> (2024)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Susumu_Kitagawa\" title=\"Susumu Kitagawa\">Kitagawa</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Richard_Robson\" title=\"Richard Robson\">Robson</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Omar_M._Yaghi\" title=\"Omar M. Yaghi\">Yaghi</a> (2025)</li></ul>\n</div></td>\n</tr>                          <tr>\n<td class=\"navbox-banner\" style=\"\" colspan=\"2\"><div class=\"liste-horizontale\">\n<ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Prix_Nobel\" title=\"Prix Nobel\">Prix Nobel</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Prix_Nobel_de_chimie\" title=\"Prix Nobel de chimie\">Chimie</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Prix_de_la_Banque_de_Su%C3%A8de_en_sciences_%C3%A9conomiques_en_m%C3%A9moire_d%27Alfred_Nobel\" title=\"Prix de la Banque de Suède en sciences économiques en mémoire d&#39;Alfred Nobel\">Économie</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Prix_Nobel_de_litt%C3%A9rature\" title=\"Prix Nobel de littérature\">Littérature</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Prix_Nobel_de_la_paix\" title=\"Prix Nobel de la paix\">Paix</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Prix_Nobel_de_physiologie_ou_m%C3%A9decine\" title=\"Prix Nobel de physiologie ou médecine\">Physiologie ou médecine</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Prix_Nobel_de_physique\" title=\"Prix Nobel de physique\">Physique</a></li></ul>\n</div></td></tr></tbody></table>\n<table class=\"navbox collapsible noprint collapsed\" style=\"\">\n<tbody><tr><th class=\"navbox-title\" colspan=\"2\" style=\"\"><div style=\"float:left; width:6em; text-align:left\"><div class=\"noprint plainlinks nowrap tnavbar\" style=\"padding:0; font-size:xx-small; color:var(--color-emphasized, #000000);\"><a href=\"/wiki/Mod%C3%A8le:Palette_Personnalit%C3%A9s_enterr%C3%A9es_au_Panth%C3%A9on_de_Paris\" title=\"Modèle:Palette Personnalités enterrées au Panthéon de Paris\"><abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"Voir ce modèle.\">v</abbr></a>&#160;· <a class=\"external text\" data-mw-original-href=\"//fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mod%C3%A8le:Palette_Personnalit%C3%A9s_enterr%C3%A9es_au_Panth%C3%A9on_de_Paris&amp;action=edit\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mod%C3%A8le:Palette_Personnalit%C3%A9s_enterr%C3%A9es_au_Panth%C3%A9on_de_Paris&amp;action=edit\"><abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"Modifier ce modèle. Merci de prévisualiser avant de sauvegarder.\">m</abbr></a></div></div><div style=\"font-size:110%\"><a href=\"/wiki/Liste_des_personnes_transf%C3%A9r%C3%A9es_au_Panth%C3%A9on_de_Paris\" title=\"Liste des personnes transférées au Panthéon de Paris\">Personnes transférées</a> au <a href=\"/wiki/Panth%C3%A9on_(Paris)\" title=\"Panthéon (Paris)\">Panthéon de Paris</a></div></th>\n</tr>  <tr>\n<th class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"\"><a href=\"/wiki/R%C3%A9volution_fran%C3%A7aise\" title=\"Révolution française\">Révolution</a></th>\n<td class=\"navbox-list\" style=\"\"><div class=\"liste-horizontale\">\n<ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Honor%C3%A9-Gabriel_Riqueti_de_Mirabeau\" title=\"Honoré-Gabriel Riqueti de Mirabeau\">Honoré-Gabriel Riqueti de Mirabeau</a> (1791)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Voltaire\" title=\"Voltaire\">Voltaire</a> (1791)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Louis-Michel_Lepeletier_de_Saint-Fargeau\" title=\"Louis-Michel Lepeletier de Saint-Fargeau\">Louis-Michel Lepeletier de Saint-Fargeau</a> (1793)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Auguste_Marie_Henri_Picot_de_Dampierre\" title=\"Auguste Marie Henri Picot de Dampierre\">Auguste Marie Henri Picot de Dampierre</a> (1793)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Jean-Paul_Marat\" title=\"Jean-Paul Marat\">Jean-Paul Marat</a> (1794)</li>\n<li><span typeof=\"mw:File\"><span title=\"Bon article\"><img alt=\"Bon article\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Bon_article.svg/20px-Bon_article.svg.png?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"14\" height=\"14\" class=\"mw-file-element\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Bon_article.svg/40px-Bon_article.svg.png?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" data-file-width=\"20\" data-file-height=\"20\" /></span></span> <a href=\"/wiki/Jean-Jacques_Rousseau\" title=\"Jean-Jacques Rousseau\">Jean-Jacques Rousseau</a> (1794)</li></ul>\n</div></td>\n</tr> <tr>\n<th class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"\"><a href=\"/wiki/Premier_Empire\" title=\"Premier Empire\">Empire</a></th>\n<td class=\"navbox-list navbox-even\" style=\"\"><div class=\"liste-horizontale\">\n<ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Denis_Tronchet\" title=\"François Denis Tronchet\">François Denis Tronchet</a> (1806)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Claude-Louis_Petiet\" title=\"Claude-Louis Petiet\">Claude-Louis Petiet</a> (1806)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Jean-Baptiste-Pierre_Bevi%C3%A8re\" title=\"Jean-Baptiste-Pierre Bevière\">Jean-Baptiste-Pierre Bevière</a> (1807)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Louis-Joseph-Charles-Amable_d%27Albert_de_Luynes\" title=\"Louis-Joseph-Charles-Amable d&#39;Albert de Luynes\">Louis-Joseph-Charles-Amable d'Albert de Luynes</a> (1807)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Jean-%C3%89tienne-Marie_Portalis\" title=\"Jean-Étienne-Marie Portalis\">Jean-Étienne-Marie Portalis</a> (1807)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Louis-Pierre-Pantal%C3%A9on_Resnier\" title=\"Louis-Pierre-Pantaléon Resnier\">Louis-Pierre-Pantaléon Resnier</a> (1807)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Antoine-C%C3%A9sar_de_Choiseul-Praslin\" title=\"Antoine-César de Choiseul-Praslin\">Antoine-César de Choiseul-Praslin</a> (1808)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Jean-Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Perregaux\" title=\"Jean-Frédéric Perregaux\">Jean-Frédéric Perregaux</a> (1808)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Jean-Pierre_Firmin_Malher\" title=\"Jean-Pierre Firmin Malher\">Jean-Pierre Firmin Malher</a> (1808)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Pierre_Jean_Georges_Cabanis\" title=\"Pierre Jean Georges Cabanis\">Pierre Jean Georges Cabanis</a> (1808)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Barth%C3%A9lemy_Beguinot\" title=\"François Barthélemy Beguinot\">François Barthélemy Beguinot</a> (1808)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Gabriel_Louis_de_Caulaincourt\" title=\"Gabriel Louis de Caulaincourt\">Gabriel Louis de Caulaincourt</a> (1808)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Girolamo_Luigi_Durazzo\" title=\"Girolamo Luigi Durazzo\">Girolamo Luigi Durazzo</a> (1809)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Papin\" title=\"Jean-Baptiste Papin\">Jean-Baptiste Papin</a> (1809)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Joseph-Marie_Vien\" title=\"Joseph-Marie Vien\">Joseph-Marie Vien</a> (1809)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Pierre_Garnier_de_Laboissi%C3%A8re\" title=\"Pierre Garnier de Laboissière\">Pierre Garnier de Laboissière</a> (1809)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Justin_Bonaventure_Morard_de_Galles\" title=\"Justin Bonaventure Morard de Galles\">Justin Bonaventure Morard de Galles</a> (1809)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Jean-Pierre_Sers\" title=\"Jean-Pierre Sers\">Jean-Pierre Sers</a> (1809)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Emmanuel_Cr%C3%A9tet\" title=\"Emmanuel Crétet\">Emmanuel Crétet</a> (1809)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Louis_Charles_Vincent_Le_Blond_de_Saint-Hilaire\" title=\"Louis Charles Vincent Le Blond de Saint-Hilaire\">Louis Charles Vincent Le Blond de Saint-Hilaire</a> (1810)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Jean_Lannes\" title=\"Jean Lannes\">Jean Lannes</a> (1810)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Giovanni_Battista_Caprara\" title=\"Giovanni Battista Caprara\">Giovanni Battista Caprara</a> (1810)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Charles_Pierre_Claret_de_Fleurieu\" title=\"Charles Pierre Claret de Fleurieu\">Charles Pierre Claret de Fleurieu</a> (1810)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Treilhard\" title=\"Jean-Baptiste Treilhard\">Jean-Baptiste Treilhard</a> (1810)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Nicolas_Marie_Songis_des_Courbons\" title=\"Nicolas Marie Songis des Courbons\">Nicolas Marie Songis des Courbons</a> (1811)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Charles_Erskine_de_Kellie\" title=\"Charles Erskine de Kellie\">Charles Erskine de Kellie</a> (1811)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Alexandre-Antoine_Hureau_de_S%C3%A9narmont\" title=\"Alexandre-Antoine Hureau de Sénarmont\">Alexandre-Antoine Hureau de Sénarmont</a> (1811)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Michel_Ordener\" title=\"Michel Ordener\">Michel Ordener</a> (1811)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Louis-Antoine_de_Bougainville\" title=\"Louis-Antoine de Bougainville\">Louis-Antoine de Bougainville</a> (1811)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Ippolito-Antonio_Vincenti-Mareri\" title=\"Ippolito-Antonio Vincenti-Mareri\">Ippolito-Antonio Vincenti-Mareri</a> (1811)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Jean-Guillaume_de_Winter\" title=\"Jean-Guillaume de Winter\">Jean-Guillaume de Winter</a> (1812)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Jean_Marie_Pierre_Dorsenne\" title=\"Jean Marie Pierre Dorsenne\">Jean Marie Pierre Dorsenne</a> (1812)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Joseph-Louis_Lagrange\" title=\"Joseph-Louis Lagrange\">Joseph-Louis Lagrange</a> (1813)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Jean-Ignace_Jacqueminot\" title=\"Jean-Ignace Jacqueminot\">Jean-Ignace Jacqueminot</a> (1813)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Hyacinthe-Hughes_Timol%C3%A9on_de_Coss%C3%A9-Brissac\" title=\"Hyacinthe-Hughes Timoléon de Cossé-Brissac\">Hyacinthe-Hughes Timoléon de Cossé-Brissac</a> (1813)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Justin_de_Viry\" title=\"Justin de Viry\">Justin de Viry</a> (1813)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Jean_Rousseau_(homme_politique,_1738-1813)\" title=\"Jean Rousseau (homme politique, 1738-1813)\">Jean Rousseau</a> (1813)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Henri_Walther\" title=\"Frédéric Henri Walther\">Frédéric Henri Walther</a> (1813)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Jean-Nicolas_D%C3%A9meunier\" title=\"Jean-Nicolas Démeunier\">Jean-Nicolas Démeunier</a> (1814)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Jean-Louis-%C3%89b%C3%A9n%C3%A9zer_Reynier\" title=\"Jean-Louis-Ébénézer Reynier\">Jean-Louis-Ébénézer Reynier</a> (1814)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Claude_Ambroise_R%C3%A9gnier\" title=\"Claude Ambroise Régnier\">Claude Ambroise Régnier</a> (1814)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Claude-Juste-Alexandre_Legrand\" title=\"Claude-Juste-Alexandre Legrand\">Claude-Juste-Alexandre Legrand</a> (1815)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Antoine-Jean-Marie_Th%C3%A9venard\" title=\"Antoine-Jean-Marie Thévenard\">Antoine-Jean-Marie Thévenard</a> (1815)</li></ul>\n</div></td>\n</tr> <tr>\n<th class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"\"><a href=\"/wiki/Seconde_Restauration\" title=\"Seconde Restauration\">Restauration</a></th>\n<td class=\"navbox-list\" style=\"\"><div class=\"liste-horizontale\">\n<ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Jacques-Germain_Soufflot\" title=\"Jacques-Germain Soufflot\">Jacques-Germain Soufflot</a> (1829)</li></ul>\n</div></td>\n</tr> <tr>\n<th class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"\"><a href=\"/wiki/Troisi%C3%A8me_R%C3%A9publique_(France)\" title=\"Troisième République (France)\"><abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"Troisième\">III<sup>e</sup></abbr> République</a></th>\n<td class=\"navbox-list navbox-even\" style=\"\"><div class=\"liste-horizontale\">\n<ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Victor_Hugo\" title=\"Victor Hugo\">Victor Hugo</a> (1885)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Th%C3%A9ophile-Malo_de_La_Tour_d%27Auvergne-Corret\" title=\"Théophile-Malo de La Tour d&#39;Auvergne-Corret\">Théophile-Malo de La Tour d'Auvergne-Corret</a> (1889)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Lazare_Carnot\" title=\"Lazare Carnot\">Lazare Carnot</a> (1889)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Alphonse_Baudin\" title=\"Alphonse Baudin\">Alphonse Baudin</a> (1889)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_S%C3%A9verin_Marceau\" title=\"François Séverin Marceau\">François Séverin Marceau</a> (1889)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Sadi_Carnot_(homme_d%27%C3%89tat)\" title=\"Sadi Carnot (homme d&#39;État)\">Sadi Carnot</a> (1894)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Marcellin_Berthelot\" title=\"Marcellin Berthelot\">Marcellin</a> et <a href=\"/wiki/Sophie_Berthelot\" title=\"Sophie Berthelot\">Sophie Berthelot</a> (1907)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/%C3%89mile_Zola\" title=\"Émile Zola\">Émile Zola</a> (1908)</li>\n<li><span typeof=\"mw:File\"><span title=\"Article de qualité\"><img alt=\"Article de qualité\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg/20px-Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg.png?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"14\" height=\"14\" class=\"mw-file-element\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg/40px-Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg.png?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" data-file-width=\"20\" data-file-height=\"20\" /></span></span> <a href=\"/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Gambetta\" title=\"Léon Gambetta\">Léon Gambetta</a> (1920)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Jean_Jaur%C3%A8s\" title=\"Jean Jaurès\">Jean Jaurès</a> (1924)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Paul_Painlev%C3%A9\" title=\"Paul Painlevé\">Paul Painlevé</a> (1933)</li></ul>\n</div></td>\n</tr> <tr>\n<th class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"\"><a href=\"/wiki/Quatri%C3%A8me_R%C3%A9publique_(France)\" title=\"Quatrième République (France)\"><abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"Quatrième\">IV<sup>e</sup></abbr> République</a></th>\n<td class=\"navbox-list\" style=\"\"><div class=\"liste-horizontale\">\n<ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Paul_Langevin\" title=\"Paul Langevin\">Paul Langevin</a> (1948)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Jean_Perrin\" title=\"Jean Perrin\">Jean Perrin</a> (1948)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/F%C3%A9lix_%C3%89bou%C3%A9\" title=\"Félix Éboué\">Félix Éboué</a> (1949)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Marc_Sch%C5%93lcher\" title=\"Marc Schœlcher\">Marc</a> et <a href=\"/wiki/Victor_Sch%C5%93lcher\" title=\"Victor Schœlcher\">Victor Schœlcher</a> (1949)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Louis_Braille\" title=\"Louis Braille\">Louis Braille</a> (1952)</li></ul>\n</div></td>\n</tr> <tr>\n<th class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"\"><a href=\"/wiki/Cinqui%C3%A8me_R%C3%A9publique_(France)\" title=\"Cinquième République (France)\"><abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"Cinquième\">V<sup>e</sup></abbr> République</a></th>\n<td class=\"navbox-list navbox-even\" style=\"\"><div class=\"liste-horizontale\">\n<ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Jean_Moulin\" title=\"Jean Moulin\">Jean Moulin</a> (1964)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Cassin\" title=\"René Cassin\">René Cassin</a> (1987)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Jean_Monnet\" title=\"Jean Monnet\">Jean Monnet</a> (1988)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Abb%C3%A9_Gr%C3%A9goire\" title=\"Abbé Grégoire\">Henri Grégoire</a> (1989)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Gaspard_Monge\" title=\"Gaspard Monge\">Gaspard Monge</a> (1989)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Nicolas_de_Condorcet\" title=\"Nicolas de Condorcet\">Nicolas de Condorcet</a> (1989)</li>\n<li><a class=\"mw-selflink selflink\">Marie</a> et <a href=\"/wiki/Pierre_Curie\" title=\"Pierre Curie\">Pierre Curie</a> (1995)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Malraux\" title=\"André Malraux\">André Malraux</a> (1996)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Alexandre_Dumas\" title=\"Alexandre Dumas\">Alexandre Dumas</a> (2002)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Pierre_Brossolette\" title=\"Pierre Brossolette\">Pierre Brossolette</a> (2015)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Genevi%C3%A8ve_de_Gaulle-Anthonioz\" title=\"Geneviève de Gaulle-Anthonioz\">Geneviève de Gaulle-Anthonioz</a> (2015)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Germaine_Tillion\" title=\"Germaine Tillion\">Germaine Tillion</a> (2015)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Jean_Zay\" title=\"Jean Zay\">Jean Zay</a> (2015)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Antoine_Veil\" title=\"Antoine Veil\">Antoine</a> et <a href=\"/wiki/Simone_Veil\" title=\"Simone Veil\">Simone Veil</a> (2018)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Maurice_Genevoix\" title=\"Maurice Genevoix\">Maurice Genevoix</a> (2020)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Jos%C3%A9phine_Baker\" title=\"Joséphine Baker\">Joséphine Baker</a> (2021)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/M%C3%A9lin%C3%A9e_Manouchian\" title=\"Mélinée Manouchian\">Mélinée</a> et <a href=\"/wiki/Missak_Manouchian\" title=\"Missak Manouchian\">Missak Manouchian</a> (2024)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Robert_Badinter\" title=\"Robert Badinter\">Robert Badinter</a> (2025)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Marc_Bloch\" title=\"Marc Bloch\">Marc Bloch</a> et <a href=\"/wiki/Simonne_Vidal\" title=\"Simonne Vidal\">Simonne Vidal</a> (2026)</li></ul>\n</div></td>\n</tr>                         </tbody></table>\n<table class=\"navbox collapsible noprint autocollapse\" style=\"\">\n<tbody><tr><th class=\"navbox-title\" colspan=\"2\" style=\"\"><div style=\"float:left; width:6em; text-align:left\"><div class=\"noprint plainlinks nowrap tnavbar\" style=\"padding:0; font-size:xx-small; color:var(--color-emphasized, #000000);\"><a href=\"/wiki/Mod%C3%A8le:Palette_Prix_Nobel_fran%C3%A7ais\" title=\"Modèle:Palette Prix Nobel français\"><abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"Voir ce modèle.\">v</abbr></a>&#160;· <a class=\"external text\" data-mw-original-href=\"//fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mod%C3%A8le:Palette_Prix_Nobel_fran%C3%A7ais&amp;action=edit\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mod%C3%A8le:Palette_Prix_Nobel_fran%C3%A7ais&amp;action=edit\"><abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"Modifier ce modèle. Merci de prévisualiser avant de sauvegarder.\">m</abbr></a></div></div><div style=\"font-size:110%\"><a href=\"/wiki/Liste_des_Fran%C3%A7ais_laur%C3%A9ats_du_prix_Nobel\" title=\"Liste des Français lauréats du prix Nobel\">Lauréats français du prix Nobel</a></div></th>\n</tr>  <tr>\n<th class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"\"><a href=\"/wiki/Prix_Nobel_de_physique\" title=\"Prix Nobel de physique\">Physique</a></th>\n<td class=\"navbox-list\" style=\"\"><div class=\"liste-horizontale\">\n<ul><li>1903&#160;: <a href=\"/wiki/Henri_Becquerel\" title=\"Henri Becquerel\">Henri Becquerel</a>, <a class=\"mw-selflink selflink\">Marie Curie</a> et <a href=\"/wiki/Pierre_Curie\" title=\"Pierre Curie\">Pierre Curie</a></li>\n<li>1908&#160;: <a href=\"/wiki/Gabriel_Lippmann\" title=\"Gabriel Lippmann\">Gabriel Lippmann</a></li>\n<li>1926&#160;: <a href=\"/wiki/Jean_Perrin\" title=\"Jean Perrin\">Jean Perrin</a></li>\n<li>1929&#160;: <a href=\"/wiki/Louis_de_Broglie\" title=\"Louis de Broglie\">Louis de Broglie</a></li>\n<li>1966&#160;: <a href=\"/wiki/Alfred_Kastler\" title=\"Alfred Kastler\">Alfred Kastler</a></li>\n<li>1970&#160;: <a href=\"/wiki/Louis_N%C3%A9el\" title=\"Louis Néel\">Louis Néel</a></li>\n<li>1991&#160;: <a href=\"/wiki/Pierre-Gilles_de_Gennes\" title=\"Pierre-Gilles de Gennes\">Pierre-Gilles de Gennes</a></li>\n<li>1992&#160;: <a href=\"/wiki/Georges_Charpak\" title=\"Georges Charpak\">Georges Charpak</a></li>\n<li>1997&#160;: <a href=\"/wiki/Claude_Cohen-Tannoudji\" title=\"Claude Cohen-Tannoudji\">Claude Cohen-Tannoudji</a></li>\n<li>2007&#160;: <a href=\"/wiki/Albert_Fert\" title=\"Albert Fert\">Albert Fert</a></li>\n<li>2012&#160;: <a href=\"/wiki/Serge_Haroche\" title=\"Serge Haroche\">Serge Haroche</a></li>\n<li>2018&#160;: <a href=\"/wiki/G%C3%A9rard_Mourou\" title=\"Gérard Mourou\">Gérard Mourou</a></li>\n<li>2022&#160;: <a href=\"/wiki/Alain_Aspect\" title=\"Alain Aspect\">Alain Aspect</a></li>\n<li>2023&#160;: <a href=\"/wiki/Pierre_Agostini\" title=\"Pierre Agostini\">Pierre Agostini</a> et <a href=\"/wiki/Anne_L%27Huillier\" title=\"Anne L&#39;Huillier\">Anne L'Huillier</a></li>\n<li>2025&#160;: <a href=\"/wiki/Michel_Devoret\" title=\"Michel Devoret\">Michel Devoret</a></li></ul>\n</div></td>\n</tr> <tr>\n<th class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"\"><a href=\"/wiki/Prix_Nobel_de_chimie\" title=\"Prix Nobel de chimie\">Chimie</a></th>\n<td class=\"navbox-list navbox-even\" style=\"\"><div class=\"liste-horizontale\">\n<ul><li>1906&#160;: <a href=\"/wiki/Henri_Moissan\" title=\"Henri Moissan\">Henri Moissan</a></li>\n<li>1911&#160;: <a class=\"mw-selflink selflink\">Marie Curie</a></li>\n<li>1912&#160;: <a href=\"/wiki/Victor_Grignard\" title=\"Victor Grignard\">Victor Grignard</a> et <a href=\"/wiki/Paul_Sabatier_(chimiste)\" title=\"Paul Sabatier (chimiste)\">Paul Sabatier</a></li>\n<li>1935&#160;: <a href=\"/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Joliot-Curie\" title=\"Frédéric Joliot-Curie\">Frédéric Joliot-Curie</a> et <a href=\"/wiki/Ir%C3%A8ne_Joliot-Curie\" title=\"Irène Joliot-Curie\">Irène Joliot-Curie</a></li>\n<li>1987&#160;: <a href=\"/wiki/Jean-Marie_Lehn\" title=\"Jean-Marie Lehn\">Jean-Marie Lehn</a></li>\n<li>2005&#160;: <a href=\"/wiki/Yves_Chauvin\" title=\"Yves Chauvin\">Yves Chauvin</a></li>\n<li>2016&#160;: <a href=\"/wiki/Jean-Pierre_Sauvage_(chimiste)\" title=\"Jean-Pierre Sauvage (chimiste)\">Jean-Pierre Sauvage</a></li>\n<li>2020&#160;: <a href=\"/wiki/Emmanuelle_Charpentier\" title=\"Emmanuelle Charpentier\">Emmanuelle Charpentier</a></li>\n<li>2023&#160;: <a href=\"/wiki/Moungi_G._Bawendi\" title=\"Moungi G. Bawendi\">Moungi G. Bawendi</a></li></ul>\n</div></td>\n</tr> <tr>\n<th class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"\"><a href=\"/wiki/Prix_Nobel_de_physiologie_ou_m%C3%A9decine\" title=\"Prix Nobel de physiologie ou médecine\">Physiologie ou médecine</a></th>\n<td class=\"navbox-list\" style=\"\"><div class=\"liste-horizontale\">\n<ul><li>1907&#160;: <a href=\"/wiki/Alphonse_Laveran\" title=\"Alphonse Laveran\">Alphonse Laveran</a></li>\n<li>1912&#160;: <a href=\"/wiki/Alexis_Carrel\" title=\"Alexis Carrel\">Alexis Carrel</a></li>\n<li>1913&#160;: <a href=\"/wiki/Charles_Richet\" title=\"Charles Richet\">Charles Richet</a></li>\n<li>1928&#160;: <a href=\"/wiki/Charles_Nicolle\" title=\"Charles Nicolle\">Charles Nicolle</a></li>\n<li>1956&#160;: <a href=\"/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Cournand\" title=\"André Frédéric Cournand\">André Frédéric Cournand</a></li>\n<li>1965&#160;: <a href=\"/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Jacob\" title=\"François Jacob\">François Jacob</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Lwoff\" title=\"André Lwoff\">André Lwoff</a> et <a href=\"/wiki/Jacques_Monod\" title=\"Jacques Monod\">Jacques Monod</a></li>\n<li>1977&#160;: <a href=\"/wiki/Roger_Guillemin\" title=\"Roger Guillemin\">Roger Guillemin</a></li>\n<li>1980&#160;: <a href=\"/wiki/Jean_Dausset\" title=\"Jean Dausset\">Jean Dausset</a></li>\n<li>2008&#160;: <a href=\"/wiki/Fran%C3%A7oise_Barr%C3%A9-Sinoussi\" title=\"Françoise Barré-Sinoussi\">Françoise Barré-Sinoussi</a> et <a href=\"/wiki/Luc_Montagnier\" title=\"Luc Montagnier\">Luc Montagnier</a></li>\n<li>2011&#160;: <a href=\"/wiki/Jules_Hoffmann\" title=\"Jules Hoffmann\">Jules Hoffmann</a></li></ul>\n</div></td>\n</tr> <tr>\n<th class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"\"><a href=\"/wiki/Prix_Nobel_de_litt%C3%A9rature\" title=\"Prix Nobel de littérature\">Littérature</a></th>\n<td class=\"navbox-list navbox-even\" style=\"\"><div class=\"liste-horizontale\">\n<ul><li>1901&#160;: <a href=\"/wiki/Sully_Prudhomme\" title=\"Sully Prudhomme\">Sully Prudhomme</a></li>\n<li>1904&#160;: <a href=\"/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Mistral\" title=\"Frédéric Mistral\">Frédéric Mistral</a></li>\n<li>1915&#160;: <a href=\"/wiki/Romain_Rolland\" title=\"Romain Rolland\">Romain Rolland</a></li>\n<li>1921&#160;: <a href=\"/wiki/Anatole_France\" title=\"Anatole France\">Anatole France</a></li>\n<li>1927&#160;: <a href=\"/wiki/Henri_Bergson\" title=\"Henri Bergson\">Henri Bergson</a></li>\n<li>1937&#160;: <a href=\"/wiki/Roger_Martin_du_Gard\" title=\"Roger Martin du Gard\">Roger Martin du Gard</a></li>\n<li>1947&#160;: <a href=\"/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Gide\" title=\"André Gide\">André Gide</a></li>\n<li>1952&#160;: <a href=\"/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Mauriac\" title=\"François Mauriac\">François Mauriac</a></li>\n<li>1957&#160;: <a href=\"/wiki/Albert_Camus\" title=\"Albert Camus\">Albert Camus</a></li>\n<li>1960&#160;: <a href=\"/wiki/Saint-John_Perse\" title=\"Saint-John Perse\">Saint-John Perse</a></li>\n<li>1964&#160;: <a href=\"/wiki/Jean-Paul_Sartre\" title=\"Jean-Paul Sartre\">Jean-Paul Sartre</a></li>\n<li>1985&#160;: <a href=\"/wiki/Claude_Simon\" title=\"Claude Simon\">Claude Simon</a></li>\n<li>2000&#160;: <a href=\"/wiki/Gao_Xingjian\" title=\"Gao Xingjian\">Gao Xingjian</a></li>\n<li>2008&#160;: <a href=\"/wiki/J._M._G._Le_Cl%C3%A9zio\" title=\"J. M. G. Le Clézio\">J. M. G. Le Clézio</a></li>\n<li>2014&#160;: <a href=\"/wiki/Patrick_Modiano\" title=\"Patrick Modiano\">Patrick Modiano</a></li>\n<li>2022&#160;: <a href=\"/wiki/Annie_Ernaux\" title=\"Annie Ernaux\">Annie Ernaux</a></li></ul>\n</div></td>\n</tr> <tr>\n<th class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"\"><a href=\"/wiki/Prix_Nobel_de_la_paix\" title=\"Prix Nobel de la paix\">Paix</a></th>\n<td class=\"navbox-list\" style=\"\"><div class=\"liste-horizontale\">\n<ul><li>1901&#160;: <a href=\"/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Passy\" title=\"Frédéric Passy\">Frédéric Passy</a></li>\n<li>1907&#160;: <a href=\"/wiki/Louis_Renault_(juriste)\" title=\"Louis Renault (juriste)\">Louis Renault</a></li>\n<li>1909&#160;: <a href=\"/wiki/Paul_Henri_Balluet_d%27Estournelles_de_Constant\" title=\"Paul Henri Balluet d&#39;Estournelles de Constant\">Paul Henri Balluet d'Estournelles de Constant</a></li>\n<li>1920&#160;: <a href=\"/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Bourgeois\" title=\"Léon Bourgeois\">Léon Bourgeois</a></li>\n<li>1926&#160;: <a href=\"/wiki/Aristide_Briand\" title=\"Aristide Briand\">Aristide Briand</a></li>\n<li>1927&#160;: <a href=\"/wiki/Ferdinand_Buisson\" title=\"Ferdinand Buisson\">Ferdinand Buisson</a></li>\n<li>1951&#160;: <a href=\"/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Jouhaux\" title=\"Léon Jouhaux\">Léon Jouhaux</a></li>\n<li>1952&#160;: <a href=\"/wiki/Albert_Schweitzer\" title=\"Albert Schweitzer\">Albert Schweitzer</a></li>\n<li>1968&#160;: <a href=\"/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Cassin\" title=\"René Cassin\">René Cassin</a></li>\n<li>1999&#160;: <a href=\"/wiki/M%C3%A9decins_sans_fronti%C3%A8res\" title=\"Médecins sans frontières\">Médecins sans frontières</a></li></ul>\n</div></td>\n</tr> <tr>\n<th class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"\"><a href=\"/wiki/Prix_de_la_Banque_de_Su%C3%A8de_en_sciences_%C3%A9conomiques_en_m%C3%A9moire_d%27Alfred_Nobel\" title=\"Prix de la Banque de Suède en sciences économiques en mémoire d&#39;Alfred Nobel\">Économie</a></th>\n<td class=\"navbox-list navbox-even\" style=\"\"><div class=\"liste-horizontale\">\n<ul><li>1983&#160;: <a href=\"/wiki/G%C3%A9rard_Debreu\" title=\"Gérard Debreu\">Gérard Debreu</a></li>\n<li>1988&#160;: <a href=\"/wiki/Maurice_Allais\" title=\"Maurice Allais\">Maurice Allais</a></li>\n<li>2014&#160;: <a href=\"/wiki/Jean_Tirole\" title=\"Jean Tirole\">Jean Tirole</a></li>\n<li>2019&#160;: <a href=\"/wiki/Esther_Duflo\" title=\"Esther Duflo\">Esther Duflo</a></li>\n<li>2025&#160;: <a href=\"/wiki/Philippe_Aghion\" title=\"Philippe Aghion\">Philippe Aghion</a></li></ul>\n</div></td>\n</tr>                         </tbody></table>\n<table class=\"navbox collapsible noprint collapsed\" style=\"\">\n<tbody><tr><th class=\"navbox-title\" colspan=\"2\" style=\"\"><div style=\"float:left; width:6em; text-align:left\"><div class=\"noprint plainlinks nowrap tnavbar\" style=\"padding:0; font-size:xx-small; color:var(--color-emphasized, #000000);\"><a href=\"/wiki/Mod%C3%A8le:Palette_Diaspora_polonaise\" title=\"Modèle:Palette Diaspora polonaise\"><abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"Voir ce modèle.\">v</abbr></a>&#160;· <a class=\"external text\" data-mw-original-href=\"//fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mod%C3%A8le:Palette_Diaspora_polonaise&amp;action=edit\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mod%C3%A8le:Palette_Diaspora_polonaise&amp;action=edit\"><abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"Modifier ce modèle. Merci de prévisualiser avant de sauvegarder.\">m</abbr></a></div></div><div style=\"font-size:110%\"><a href=\"/wiki/Diaspora_polonaise\" title=\"Diaspora polonaise\">Diaspora polonaise</a></div></th>\n</tr>  <tr>\n<th class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"text-align:left;\">Polonais des <a href=\"/wiki/Kresy\" title=\"Kresy\">Confins</a></th>\n<td class=\"navbox-list\" style=\"\"><div class=\"liste-horizontale\">\n<ul><li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><a href=\"/wiki/Osadnik\" title=\"Osadnik\">Osadnik</a></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><span typeof=\"mw:File\"><a href=\"/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Belarus.svg\" class=\"mw-file-description\"><img src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/20px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"15\" height=\"8\" class=\"mw-file-element\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/40px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" data-file-width=\"1200\" data-file-height=\"600\" /></a></span> <a href=\"/wiki/Polonais_de_Bi%C3%A9lorussie\" title=\"Polonais de Biélorussie\">Polonais de Biélorussie</a></span>\n<ul><li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><a href=\"/wiki/Sapotskine\" title=\"Sapotskine\">Sapotskine</a></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><a href=\"/wiki/Union_des_Polonais_de_Bi%C3%A9lorussie\" title=\"Union des Polonais de Biélorussie\">Union des Polonais de Biélorussie</a></span></li></ul></li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><span typeof=\"mw:File\"><a href=\"/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Estonia.svg\" class=\"mw-file-description\"><img src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/20px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"15\" height=\"10\" class=\"mw-file-element\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" data-file-width=\"990\" data-file-height=\"630\" /></a></span> <a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Polonais_d%27Estonie&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" class=\"new\" title=\"Polonais d&#39;Estonie (page inexistante)\">Polonais d'Estonie</a>&#160;<a href=\"https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polacy_w_Estonii\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"pl:Polacy w Estonii\"><span class=\"indicateur-langue\" title=\"Article en polonais&#160;: «&#160;Polacy w Estonii&#160;»\">(pl)</span></a></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><span typeof=\"mw:File\"><a href=\"/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Latvia.svg\" class=\"mw-file-description\"><img src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/20px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"15\" height=\"8\" class=\"mw-file-element\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" data-file-width=\"1200\" data-file-height=\"600\" /></a></span> <a href=\"/wiki/Polonais_de_Latgale\" title=\"Polonais de Latgale\">Polonais de Latgale</a></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><span typeof=\"mw:File\"><a href=\"/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Lithuania.svg\" class=\"mw-file-description\"><img src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/20px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"15\" height=\"9\" class=\"mw-file-element\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/40px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" data-file-width=\"1000\" data-file-height=\"600\" /></a></span> <a href=\"/wiki/Polonais_en_Lituanie\" title=\"Polonais en Lituanie\">Polonais en Lituanie</a></span>\n<ul><li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><a href=\"/wiki/Porte_de_l%27Aurore\" title=\"Porte de l&#39;Aurore\">Porte de l'Aurore</a></span></li></ul></li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><span typeof=\"mw:File\"><a href=\"/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Romania.svg\" class=\"mw-file-description\"><img src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/20px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"15\" height=\"10\" class=\"mw-file-element\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/40px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" data-file-width=\"600\" data-file-height=\"400\" /></a></span> <a href=\"/wiki/Polonais_de_Roumanie\" title=\"Polonais de Roumanie\">Polonais de Roumanie</a></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><span typeof=\"mw:File\"><a href=\"/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg\" class=\"mw-file-description\"><img src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"15\" height=\"10\" class=\"mw-file-element\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" data-file-width=\"900\" data-file-height=\"600\" /></a></span> <a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Polonais_de_Tch%C3%A9quie&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" class=\"new\" title=\"Polonais de Tchéquie (page inexistante)\">Polonais de Tchéquie</a>&#160;<a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polish_minority_in_the_Czech_Republic\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Polish minority in the Czech Republic\"><span class=\"indicateur-langue\" title=\"Article en anglais&#160;: «&#160;Polish minority in the Czech Republic&#160;»\">(en)</span></a></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><span typeof=\"mw:File\"><a href=\"/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Ukraine.svg\" class=\"mw-file-description\"><img src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/20px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"15\" height=\"10\" class=\"mw-file-element\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/40px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" data-file-width=\"1200\" data-file-height=\"800\" /></a></span> <a href=\"/wiki/Polonais_d%27Ukraine\" title=\"Polonais d&#39;Ukraine\">Polonais d'Ukraine</a></span>\n<ul><li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><a href=\"/wiki/Dialecte_de_Lw%C3%B3w\" title=\"Dialecte de Lwów\">Dialecte de Lwów</a></span></li></ul></li></ul>\n</div></td>\n</tr> <tr>\n<th class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"text-align:left;\">Diasporas polonaises</th>\n<td class=\"navbox-list navbox-even\" style=\"\"><div class=\"liste-horizontale\">\n<ul><li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><b><a href=\"/wiki/Diaspora_polonaise\" title=\"Diaspora polonaise\">Diaspora polonaise</a></b></span>\n<ul><li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><a href=\"/wiki/%C3%89migration_en_provenance_de_la_Pologne_depuis_son_adh%C3%A9sion_%C3%A0_l%27UE\" title=\"Émigration en provenance de la Pologne depuis son adhésion à l&#39;UE\">Émigration en provenance de la Pologne depuis son adhésion à l'UE</a></span></li></ul></li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><span typeof=\"mw:File\"><a href=\"/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Germany.svg\" class=\"mw-file-description\"><img src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/20px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"15\" height=\"9\" class=\"mw-file-element\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/40px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" data-file-width=\"1000\" data-file-height=\"600\" /></a></span> <a href=\"/wiki/Diaspora_polonaise_en_Allemagne\" title=\"Diaspora polonaise en Allemagne\">Diaspora polonaise en Allemagne</a></span>\n<ul><li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Association_f%C3%A9d%C3%A9rale_germano-polonaise&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" class=\"new\" title=\"Association fédérale germano-polonaise (page inexistante)\">Association fédérale germano-polonaise</a>&#160;<a href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deutsch-Polnische_Gesellschaft_Bundesverband\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"de:Deutsch-Polnische Gesellschaft Bundesverband\"><span class=\"indicateur-langue\" title=\"Article en allemand&#160;: «&#160;Deutsch-Polnische Gesellschaft Bundesverband&#160;»\">(de)</span></a></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Mus%C3%A9e_Kraszewski&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" class=\"new\" title=\"Musée Kraszewski (page inexistante)\">Musée Kraszewski</a>&#160;<a href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kraszewski-Museum\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"de:Kraszewski-Museum\"><span class=\"indicateur-langue\" title=\"Article en allemand&#160;: «&#160;Kraszewski-Museum&#160;»\">(de)</span></a></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Polonia_Music_Festival&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" class=\"new\" title=\"Polonia Music Festival (page inexistante)\">Polonia Music Festival</a>&#160;<a href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polonia_Music_Festival\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"de:Polonia Music Festival\"><span class=\"indicateur-langue\" title=\"Article en allemand&#160;: «&#160;Polonia Music Festival&#160;»\">(de)</span></a></span></li></ul></li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><span typeof=\"mw:File\"><a href=\"/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Argentina.svg\" class=\"mw-file-description\"><img src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/20px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"15\" height=\"9\" class=\"mw-file-element\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/40px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" data-file-width=\"800\" data-file-height=\"500\" /></a></span> <a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Diaspora_polonaise_en_Argentine&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" class=\"new\" title=\"Diaspora polonaise en Argentine (page inexistante)\">Diaspora polonaise en Argentine</a>&#160;<a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polish_Argentines\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Polish Argentines\"><span class=\"indicateur-langue\" title=\"Article en anglais&#160;: «&#160;Polish Argentines&#160;»\">(en)</span></a></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><span typeof=\"mw:File\"><a href=\"/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Australia.svg\" class=\"mw-file-description\"><img src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Australia.svg/20px-Flag_of_Australia.svg.png?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"15\" height=\"8\" class=\"mw-file-element\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Australia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Australia.svg.png?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" data-file-width=\"1280\" data-file-height=\"640\" /></a></span> <a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Diaspora_polonaise_en_Australie&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" class=\"new\" title=\"Diaspora polonaise en Australie (page inexistante)\">Diaspora polonaise en Australie</a>&#160;<a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polish_Australians\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Polish Australians\"><span class=\"indicateur-langue\" title=\"Article en anglais&#160;: «&#160;Polish Australians&#160;»\">(en)</span></a></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><span typeof=\"mw:File\"><a href=\"/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Brazil.svg\" class=\"mw-file-description\"><img src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/20px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"15\" height=\"11\" class=\"mw-file-element\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/40px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" data-file-width=\"1000\" data-file-height=\"700\" /></a></span> <a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Diaspora_polonaise_au_Br%C3%A9sil&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" class=\"new\" title=\"Diaspora polonaise au Brésil (page inexistante)\">Diaspora polonaise au Brésil</a>&#160;<a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polish_Brazilians\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Polish Brazilians\"><span class=\"indicateur-langue\" title=\"Article en anglais&#160;: «&#160;Polish Brazilians&#160;»\">(en)</span></a></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><span typeof=\"mw:File\"><a href=\"/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Canada_(Pantone).svg\" class=\"mw-file-description\"><img src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"15\" height=\"8\" class=\"mw-file-element\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" data-file-width=\"1200\" data-file-height=\"600\" /></a></span> <a href=\"/wiki/Polono-Canadiens\" title=\"Polono-Canadiens\">Polono-Canadiens</a></span>\n<ul><li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><a href=\"/wiki/Institut_polonais_des_arts_et_des_sciences_au_Canada\" title=\"Institut polonais des arts et des sciences au Canada\">Institut polonais des arts et des sciences au Canada</a></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><a href=\"/wiki/Roncesvalles_(Toronto)\" title=\"Roncesvalles (Toronto)\">Roncesvalles (Toronto)</a></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><a href=\"/wiki/Wilno_(Ontario)\" title=\"Wilno (Ontario)\">Wilno (Ontario)</a></span></li></ul></li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><span typeof=\"mw:File\"><a href=\"/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Croatia.svg\" class=\"mw-file-description\"><img src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/20px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"15\" height=\"8\" class=\"mw-file-element\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" data-file-width=\"1200\" data-file-height=\"600\" /></a></span> <a href=\"/wiki/Polonais_de_Croatie\" title=\"Polonais de Croatie\">Polonais de Croatie</a></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><span typeof=\"mw:File\"><a href=\"/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_the_United_States.svg\" class=\"mw-file-description\"><img src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"15\" height=\"8\" class=\"mw-file-element\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" data-file-width=\"1235\" data-file-height=\"650\" /></a></span> <a href=\"/wiki/Polono-Am%C3%A9ricains\" title=\"Polono-Américains\">Polono-Américains</a></span>\n<ul><li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><a href=\"/wiki/Basilique_Saint-Hyacinthe_de_Chicago\" title=\"Basilique Saint-Hyacinthe de Chicago\">Basilique Saint-Hyacinthe de Chicago</a></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><a href=\"/wiki/Basilique_Saint-Josaphat_de_Milwaukee\" title=\"Basilique Saint-Josaphat de Milwaukee\">Basilique Saint-Josaphat de Milwaukee</a></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><a href=\"/wiki/%C3%89glise_catholique_nationale_polonaise\" title=\"Église catholique nationale polonaise\">Église catholique nationale polonaise</a></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><a href=\"/wiki/%C3%89glise_Saint-Stanislas-Kostka_de_Chicago\" title=\"Église Saint-Stanislas-Kostka de Chicago\">Église Saint-Stanislas-Kostka de Chicago</a></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><a href=\"/wiki/%C3%89glise_Sainte-Hedwige_de_Chicago\" title=\"Église Sainte-Hedwige de Chicago\">Église Sainte-Hedwige de Chicago</a></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><a href=\"/wiki/Institut_polonais_des_arts_et_des_sciences_de_l%27Am%C3%A9rique\" title=\"Institut polonais des arts et des sciences de l&#39;Amérique\">Institut polonais des arts et des sciences de l'Amérique</a></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><a href=\"/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_polonais_d%27Am%C3%A9rique\" title=\"Musée polonais d&#39;Amérique\">Musée polonais d'Amérique</a></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Parade_du_3_mai_de_Chicago&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" class=\"new\" title=\"Parade du 3 mai de Chicago (page inexistante)\">Parade du 3 mai de Chicago</a>&#160;<a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polish_Constitution_Day_Parade\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Polish Constitution Day Parade\"><span class=\"indicateur-langue\" title=\"Article en anglais&#160;: «&#160;Polish Constitution Day Parade&#160;»\">(en)</span></a></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><a href=\"/wiki/Sil%C3%A9sien_du_Texas\" title=\"Silésien du Texas\">Silésien du Texas</a></span></li></ul></li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><span typeof=\"mw:File\"><a href=\"/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_France.svg\" class=\"mw-file-description\"><img src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/20px-Flag_of_France.svg.png?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"15\" height=\"10\" class=\"mw-file-element\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/40px-Flag_of_France.svg.png?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" data-file-width=\"900\" data-file-height=\"600\" /></a></span> <a href=\"/wiki/Diaspora_polonaise_en_France\" title=\"Diaspora polonaise en France\">Diaspora polonaise en France</a></span>\n<ul><li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><a href=\"/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_polonaise_de_Paris\" title=\"Bibliothèque polonaise de Paris\">Bibliothèque polonaise de Paris</a></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><a href=\"/wiki/%C3%89cole_polonaise_des_Batignolles\" title=\"École polonaise des Batignolles\">École polonaise des Batignolles</a></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><a href=\"/wiki/Immigration_polonaise_dans_les_houill%C3%A8res_de_Ronchamp\" title=\"Immigration polonaise dans les houillères de Ronchamp\">Immigration polonaise dans les houillères de Ronchamp</a></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><a href=\"/wiki/Institut_polonais_de_Paris\" title=\"Institut polonais de Paris\">Institut polonais de Paris</a></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><a href=\"/wiki/Librairie_polonaise_de_Paris\" title=\"Librairie polonaise de Paris\">Librairie polonaise de Paris</a></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><a href=\"/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_Adam-Mickiewicz\" title=\"Musée Adam-Mickiewicz\">Musée Adam-Mickiewicz</a></span></li></ul></li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><span typeof=\"mw:File\"><a href=\"/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Ireland.svg\" class=\"mw-file-description\"><img src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/20px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"15\" height=\"8\" class=\"mw-file-element\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/40px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" data-file-width=\"1200\" data-file-height=\"600\" /></a></span> <a href=\"/wiki/Diaspora_polonaise_en_Irlande\" title=\"Diaspora polonaise en Irlande\">Diaspora polonaise en Irlande</a></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><span typeof=\"mw:File\"><a href=\"/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Iceland.svg\" class=\"mw-file-description\"><img src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/20px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"15\" height=\"11\" class=\"mw-file-element\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/40px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" data-file-width=\"1250\" data-file-height=\"900\" /></a></span> <a href=\"/wiki/Diaspora_polonaise_en_Islande\" title=\"Diaspora polonaise en Islande\">Diaspora polonaise en Islande</a></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><span typeof=\"mw:File\"><a href=\"/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg\" class=\"mw-file-description\"><img src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/20px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"15\" height=\"8\" class=\"mw-file-element\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/40px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" data-file-width=\"1000\" data-file-height=\"500\" /></a></span> <a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Diaspora_polonaise_au_Kazakhstan&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" class=\"new\" title=\"Diaspora polonaise au Kazakhstan (page inexistante)\">Diaspora polonaise au Kazakhstan</a>&#160;<a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poles_in_Kazakhstan\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Poles in Kazakhstan\"><span class=\"indicateur-langue\" title=\"Article en anglais&#160;: «&#160;Poles in Kazakhstan&#160;»\">(en)</span></a></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><span typeof=\"mw:File\"><a href=\"/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_(1-2).svg\" class=\"mw-file-description\"><img src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281-2%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281-2%29.svg.png?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"15\" height=\"8\" class=\"mw-file-element\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281-2%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281-2%29.svg.png?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" data-file-width=\"1200\" data-file-height=\"600\" /></a></span> <a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Diaspora_polonaise_au_Royaume-Uni&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" class=\"new\" title=\"Diaspora polonaise au Royaume-Uni (page inexistante)\">Diaspora polonaise au Royaume-Uni</a>&#160;<a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poles_in_the_United_Kingdom\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Poles in the United Kingdom\"><span class=\"indicateur-langue\" title=\"Article en anglais&#160;: «&#160;Poles in the United Kingdom&#160;»\">(en)</span></a></span>\n<ul><li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><i><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=White_Polish&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" class=\"new\" title=\"White Polish (page inexistante)\">White Polish</a>&#160;<a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_Polish\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:White Polish\"><span class=\"indicateur-langue\" title=\"Article en anglais&#160;: «&#160;White Polish&#160;»\">(en)</span></a></i></span></li></ul></li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><span typeof=\"mw:File\"><a href=\"/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Sweden.svg\" class=\"mw-file-description\"><img src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/20px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"15\" height=\"9\" class=\"mw-file-element\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/40px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" data-file-width=\"1600\" data-file-height=\"1000\" /></a></span> <a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Diaspora_polonaise_en_Su%C3%A8de&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" class=\"new\" title=\"Diaspora polonaise en Suède (page inexistante)\">Diaspora polonaise en Suède</a>&#160;<a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poles_in_Sweden\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Poles in Sweden\"><span class=\"indicateur-langue\" title=\"Article en anglais&#160;: «&#160;Poles in Sweden&#160;»\">(en)</span></a></span></li></ul>\n</div></td>\n</tr> <tr>\n<th class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"text-align:left;\">Culture de la diaspora polonaise</th>\n<td class=\"navbox-list\" style=\"\"><div class=\"liste-horizontale\">\n<ul><li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Association_%C2%AB_Communaut%C3%A9_polonaise_%C2%BB&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" class=\"new\" title=\"Association « Communauté polonaise » (page inexistante)\">Association «&#160;Communauté polonaise&#160;»</a>&#160;<a href=\"https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stowarzyszenie_%E2%80%9EWsp%C3%B3lnota_Polska%E2%80%9D\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"pl:Stowarzyszenie „Wspólnota Polska”\"><span class=\"indicateur-langue\" title=\"Article en polonais&#160;: «&#160;Stowarzyszenie „Wspólnota Polska”&#160;»\">(pl)</span></a></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Institut_Polonicus&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" class=\"new\" title=\"Institut Polonicus (page inexistante)\">Institut Polonicus</a>&#160;<a href=\"https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instytut_Polonicus\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"pl:Instytut Polonicus\"><span class=\"indicateur-langue\" title=\"Article en polonais&#160;: «&#160;Instytut Polonicus&#160;»\">(pl)</span></a></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><a href=\"/wiki/Jeux_mondiaux_de_la_Polonia\" title=\"Jeux mondiaux de la Polonia\">Jeux mondiaux de la Polonia</a></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><a href=\"/wiki/Journ%C3%A9e_de_la_diaspora_polonaise\" title=\"Journée de la diaspora polonaise\">Journée de la diaspora polonaise</a></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><a href=\"/wiki/Karta_Polaka\" title=\"Karta Polaka\">Karta Polaka</a></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><a href=\"/wiki/Kultura\" title=\"Kultura\">Kultura</a></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><a href=\"/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_de_l%27%C3%A9migration_de_Gdynia\" title=\"Musée de l&#39;émigration de Gdynia\">Musée de l'émigration de Gdynia</a></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><a href=\"/wiki/Polskie_Radio_dla_Zagranicy\" title=\"Polskie Radio dla Zagranicy\">Polskie Radio dla Zagranicy</a></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><a href=\"/wiki/TVP_Polonia\" title=\"TVP Polonia\">TVP Polonia</a></span></li></ul>\n</div></td>\n</tr> <tr>\n<th class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"text-align:left;\">Histoire</th>\n<td class=\"navbox-list navbox-even\" style=\"\"><div class=\"liste-horizontale\">\n<ul><li><span typeof=\"mw:File\"><a href=\"/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Germany_(1867%E2%80%931918).svg\" class=\"mw-file-description\"><img src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"15\" height=\"10\" class=\"mw-file-element\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" data-file-width=\"900\" data-file-height=\"600\" /></a></span> <span typeof=\"mw:File\"><a href=\"/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Germany.svg\" class=\"mw-file-description\"><img src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/20px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"15\" height=\"9\" class=\"mw-file-element\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/40px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" data-file-width=\"1000\" data-file-height=\"600\" /></a></span> <b>Allemagne</b>\n<ul><li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><a href=\"/wiki/Ostflucht\" title=\"Ostflucht\">Ostflucht</a></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><a href=\"/wiki/Parti_polonais\" title=\"Parti polonais\">Parti polonais</a></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><a href=\"/wiki/Ruhrpolen\" title=\"Ruhrpolen\">Ruhrpolen</a></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><a href=\"/wiki/Union_des_Polonais_d%27Allemagne\" title=\"Union des Polonais d&#39;Allemagne\">Union des Polonais d'Allemagne</a></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><i><a href=\"/wiki/Wiarus_Polski\" title=\"Wiarus Polski\">Wiarus Polski</a></i></span></li></ul></li>\n<li><span typeof=\"mw:File\"><a href=\"/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_the_Habsburg_Monarchy.svg\" class=\"mw-file-description\"><img src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_the_Habsburg_Monarchy.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_Habsburg_Monarchy.svg.png?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"15\" height=\"10\" class=\"mw-file-element\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_the_Habsburg_Monarchy.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Habsburg_Monarchy.svg.png?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" data-file-width=\"1200\" data-file-height=\"800\" /></a></span> <b>Autriche</b>\n<ul><li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><a href=\"/wiki/Gardekirche\" title=\"Gardekirche\">Gardekirche</a></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Palais_Lanckoro%C5%84ski&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" class=\"new\" title=\"Palais Lanckoroński (page inexistante)\">Palais Lanckoroński</a>&#160;<a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palais_Lanckoro%C5%84ski\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Palais Lanckoroński\"><span class=\"indicateur-langue\" title=\"Article en anglais&#160;: «&#160;Palais Lanckoroński&#160;»\">(en)</span></a></span></li></ul></li>\n<li><span typeof=\"mw:File\"><a href=\"/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg\" class=\"mw-file-description\"><img src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/20px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"15\" height=\"8\" class=\"mw-file-element\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/40px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" data-file-width=\"1200\" data-file-height=\"600\" /></a></span> <b>Azerbaïdjan</b>\n<ul><li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><a href=\"/wiki/Diaspora_polonaise_en_Azerba%C3%AFdjan\" title=\"Diaspora polonaise en Azerbaïdjan\">Polonais en Azerbaïdjan</a></span></li></ul></li>\n<li><span typeof=\"mw:File\"><a href=\"/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_(1844%E2%80%931922).svg\" class=\"mw-file-description\"><img src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg.png?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"15\" height=\"10\" class=\"mw-file-element\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg.png?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" data-file-width=\"1200\" data-file-height=\"800\" /></a></span> <b>Empire ottoman</b>\n<ul><li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><a href=\"/wiki/Polonezk%C3%B6y\" title=\"Polonezköy\">Polonezköy</a></span></li></ul></li>\n<li><span typeof=\"mw:File\"><a href=\"/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_France.svg\" class=\"mw-file-description\"><img src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/20px-Flag_of_France.svg.png?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"15\" height=\"10\" class=\"mw-file-element\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/40px-Flag_of_France.svg.png?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" data-file-width=\"900\" data-file-height=\"600\" /></a></span> <b>France</b>\n<ul><li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><a href=\"/wiki/Arm%C3%A9e_bleue\" title=\"Armée bleue\">Armée bleue</a></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><a href=\"/wiki/Cimeti%C3%A8re_des_Champeaux_de_Montmorency\" title=\"Cimetière des Champeaux de Montmorency\">Cimetière des Champeaux de Montmorency</a></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><a href=\"/wiki/Comit%C3%A9_national_polonais_(1831)\" title=\"Comité national polonais (1831)\">Comité national polonais (1831)</a></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><a href=\"/wiki/Congr%C3%A9gation_de_la_R%C3%A9surrection_de_Notre-Seigneur_J%C3%A9sus-Christ\" title=\"Congrégation de la Résurrection de Notre-Seigneur Jésus-Christ\">Congrégation de la Résurrection de Notre-Seigneur Jésus-Christ</a></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><a href=\"/wiki/Grande_%C3%89migration\" title=\"Grande Émigration\">Grande Émigration</a></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><a href=\"/wiki/H%C3%B4tel_Lambert\" title=\"Hôtel Lambert\">Hôtel Lambert</a></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><a href=\"/wiki/Immigration_polonaise_dans_le_bassin_minier_du_Nord-Pas-de-Calais\" title=\"Immigration polonaise dans le bassin minier du Nord-Pas-de-Calais\">Immigration polonaise dans le bassin minier du Nord-Pas-de-Calais</a></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><a href=\"/wiki/L%C3%A9gion_des_Bayonnais\" title=\"Légion des Bayonnais\">Légion des Bayonnais</a></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><a href=\"/wiki/L%C3%A9gions_polonaises_(arm%C3%A9e_fran%C3%A7aise)\" title=\"Légions polonaises (armée française)\">Légions polonaises (armée française)</a></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><a href=\"/wiki/Lyc%C3%A9e_polonais_des_Batignolles\" title=\"Lycée polonais des Batignolles\">Lycée polonais des Batignolles</a></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><a href=\"/wiki/Lyc%C3%A9e_polonais_de_Villard-de-Lans\" title=\"Lycée polonais de Villard-de-Lans\">Lycée polonais de Villard-de-Lans</a></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><a href=\"/wiki/Mineurs_westphaliens\" title=\"Mineurs westphaliens\">Mineurs westphaliens</a></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><i><a href=\"/wiki/Narodowiec\" title=\"Narodowiec\">Narodowiec</a></i></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><i><a href=\"/wiki/Polonia_(journal)\" title=\"Polonia (journal)\">Polonia</a></i></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><i><a href=\"/wiki/Prawo_Ludu\" title=\"Prawo Ludu\">Prawo Ludu</a></i></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><i><a href=\"/wiki/Robotnik_Polski\" title=\"Robotnik Polski\">Robotnik Polski</a></i></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><a href=\"/wiki/Monument_d%27Adam_Mickiewicz_(Paris)\" title=\"Monument d&#39;Adam Mickiewicz (Paris)\">Monument d'Adam Mickiewicz (Paris)</a></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9_d%C3%A9mocratique_polonaise&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" class=\"new\" title=\"Société démocratique polonaise (page inexistante)\">Société démocratique polonaise</a>&#160;<a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polish_Democratic_Society\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Polish Democratic Society\"><span class=\"indicateur-langue\" title=\"Article en anglais&#160;: «&#160;Polish Democratic Society&#160;»\">(en)</span></a></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><a href=\"/wiki/Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9_historique_et_litt%C3%A9raire_polonaise\" title=\"Société historique et littéraire polonaise\">Société historique et littéraire polonaise</a></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Union_de_l%27%C3%A9migration_polonaise_(1866-1871)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" class=\"new\" title=\"Union de l&#39;émigration polonaise (1866-1871) (page inexistante)\">Union de l'émigration polonaise</a>&#160;<a href=\"https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zjednoczenie_Emigracji_Polskiej_(1866%E2%80%931871)\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"pl:Zjednoczenie Emigracji Polskiej (1866–1871)\"><span class=\"indicateur-langue\" title=\"Article en polonais&#160;: «&#160;Zjednoczenie Emigracji Polskiej (1866–1871)&#160;»\">(pl)</span></a></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><a href=\"/wiki/Union_polonaise_de_football_en_France\" title=\"Union polonaise de football en France\">Union polonaise de football en France</a></span></li></ul></li>\n<li><span typeof=\"mw:File\"><a href=\"/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Haiti_(civil).svg\" class=\"mw-file-description\"><img src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Flag_of_Haiti_%28civil%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_Haiti_%28civil%29.svg.png?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"15\" height=\"9\" class=\"mw-file-element\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Flag_of_Haiti_%28civil%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_Haiti_%28civil%29.svg.png?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" data-file-width=\"1000\" data-file-height=\"600\" /></a></span> <b>Haïti</b>\n<ul><li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><a href=\"/wiki/Ha%C3%AFtiens_polonais\" title=\"Haïtiens polonais\">Haïtiens polonais</a></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><a href=\"/wiki/Cazale\" title=\"Cazale\">Cazale</a></span></li></ul></li>\n<li><span typeof=\"mw:File\"><a href=\"/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Hungary.svg\" class=\"mw-file-description\"><img src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/20px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"15\" height=\"8\" class=\"mw-file-element\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/40px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" data-file-width=\"1200\" data-file-height=\"600\" /></a></span> <b>Hongrie</b>\n<ul><li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><a href=\"/wiki/Minorit%C3%A9_polonaise_de_Hongrie\" title=\"Minorité polonaise de Hongrie\">Minorité polonaise de Hongrie</a></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Immigration_polonaise_en_Hongrie_durant_la_Seconde_guerre_mondiale&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" class=\"new\" title=\"Immigration polonaise en Hongrie durant la Seconde guerre mondiale (page inexistante)\">Immigration polonaise en Hongrie durant la Seconde guerre mondiale</a>&#160;<a href=\"https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polscy_uchod%C5%BAcy_na_W%C4%99grzech_w_latach_1939%E2%80%931945\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"pl:Polscy uchodźcy na Węgrzech w latach 1939–1945\"><span class=\"indicateur-langue\" title=\"Article en polonais&#160;: «&#160;Polscy uchodźcy na Węgrzech w latach 1939–1945&#160;»\">(pl)</span></a></span></li></ul></li>\n<li><span typeof=\"mw:File\"><a href=\"/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Italy_(1861-1946)_crowned.svg\" class=\"mw-file-description\"><img src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg/20px-Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg.png?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"15\" height=\"10\" class=\"mw-file-element\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg/40px-Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg.png?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" data-file-width=\"1500\" data-file-height=\"1000\" /></a></span> <b>Italie</b>\n<ul><li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Ecole_militaire_polonaise&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" class=\"new\" title=\"Ecole militaire polonaise (page inexistante)\">École militaire polonaise</a>&#160;<a href=\"https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polska_Szko%C5%82a_Wojskowa\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"pl:Polska Szkoła Wojskowa\"><span class=\"indicateur-langue\" title=\"Article en polonais&#160;: «&#160;Polska Szkoła Wojskowa&#160;»\">(pl)</span></a></span></li></ul></li>\n<li><span typeof=\"mw:File\"><a href=\"/wiki/Fichier:Emoji_u1f30e.svg\" class=\"mw-file-description\"><img src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Emoji_u1f30e.svg/20px-Emoji_u1f30e.svg.png?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" class=\"mw-file-element\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Emoji_u1f30e.svg/40px-Emoji_u1f30e.svg.png?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" data-file-width=\"128\" data-file-height=\"128\" /></a></span> <b>Outre-mer</b>\n<ul><li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><a href=\"/wiki/Ligue_maritime_et_coloniale_polonaise\" title=\"Ligue maritime et coloniale polonaise\">Ligue maritime et coloniale</a></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><a href=\"/wiki/Morska_Wola\" title=\"Morska Wola\">Morska Wola</a></span></li></ul></li>\n<li><span typeof=\"mw:File\"><a href=\"/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_(3-5).svg\" class=\"mw-file-description\"><img src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"15\" height=\"9\" class=\"mw-file-element\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" data-file-width=\"1000\" data-file-height=\"600\" /></a></span> <b>Royaume-Uni</b>\n<ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Corps_polonais_de_formation_et_de_d%C3%A9ploiement\" title=\"Corps polonais de formation et de déploiement\">Corps polonais de formation et de déploiement</a></li></ul></li>\n<li><span typeof=\"mw:File\"><a href=\"/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Russia.svg\" class=\"mw-file-description\"><img src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/20px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"15\" height=\"10\" class=\"mw-file-element\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" data-file-width=\"900\" data-file-height=\"600\" /></a></span> <span typeof=\"mw:File\"><a href=\"/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg\" class=\"mw-file-description\"><img src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"15\" height=\"8\" class=\"mw-file-element\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" data-file-width=\"1200\" data-file-height=\"600\" /></a></span> <b>Russie et URSS</b>\n<ul><li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><a href=\"/wiki/Polonais_en_Union_sovi%C3%A9tique\" title=\"Polonais en Union soviétique\">Polonais en Union soviétique</a></span>\n<ul><li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><a href=\"/wiki/District_national_polonais\" title=\"District national polonais\">District national polonais</a></span></li></ul></li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><a href=\"/wiki/Sybirak\" title=\"Sybirak\">Sybirak</a></span>\n<ul><li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><a href=\"/wiki/Cath%C3%A9drale_du_Sacr%C3%A9-C%C5%93ur_de_Tachkent\" title=\"Cathédrale du Sacré-Cœur de Tachkent\">Cathédrale du Sacré-Cœur de Tachkent</a></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><a href=\"/wiki/%C3%89glise_de_la_Transfiguration_(Krasno%C3%AFarsk)\" title=\"Église de la Transfiguration (Krasnoïarsk)\">Église de la Transfiguration (Krasnoïarsk)</a></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><a href=\"/wiki/Kamychenka\" title=\"Kamychenka\">Kamychenka</a></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><a href=\"/wiki/Verchina_(ra%C3%AFon_de_Bokhan)\" title=\"Verchina (raïon de Bokhan)\">Verchina</a></span></li></ul></li></ul></li>\n<li><span typeof=\"mw:File\"><a href=\"/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Switzerland_(Pantone).svg\" class=\"mw-file-description\"><img src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" class=\"mw-file-element\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" data-file-width=\"512\" data-file-height=\"512\" /></a></span> <b>Suisse</b>\n<ul><li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><a href=\"/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_polonais_de_Rapperswil\" title=\"Musée polonais de Rapperswil\">Musée polonais de Rapperswil</a></span></li></ul></li></ul>\n</div></td>\n</tr> <tr>\n<th class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"text-align:left;\">Représentants éminents</th>\n<td class=\"navbox-list\" style=\"\"><div class=\"liste-horizontale\">\n<ul><li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><a href=\"/wiki/Adam_Mickiewicz\" title=\"Adam Mickiewicz\">Adam Mickiewicz</a></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><a href=\"/wiki/Alexandre_Chodzko\" title=\"Alexandre Chodzko\">Alexandre Chodzko</a></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><a href=\"/wiki/Alexandre_Kucharski\" title=\"Alexandre Kucharski\">Alexandre Kucharski</a></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><a href=\"/wiki/Alfred_Kowalski\" title=\"Alfred Kowalski\">Alfred Kowalski</a></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><a href=\"/wiki/Andre%C3%AF_Vychinski\" title=\"Andreï Vychinski\">Andreï Vychinski</a></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><a href=\"/wiki/Anna_Tyszkiewicz\" title=\"Anna Tyszkiewicz\">Anna Tyszkiewicz</a></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><a href=\"/wiki/Casimir_Pierre_Zaleski\" title=\"Casimir Pierre Zaleski\">Casimir Pierre Zaleski</a></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><a href=\"/wiki/Catherine_Opalinska\" title=\"Catherine Opalinska\">Catherine Opalinska</a></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><a href=\"/wiki/Cyprian_Kamil_Norwid\" title=\"Cyprian Kamil Norwid\">Cyprian Norwid</a></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><a href=\"/wiki/Ed_Paschke\" title=\"Ed Paschke\">Ed Paschke</a></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><a href=\"/wiki/Edward_Gierek\" title=\"Edward Gierek\">Edward Gierek</a></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><a href=\"/wiki/Ewelina_Ha%C5%84ska\" title=\"Ewelina Hańska\">Ewelina Hańska</a></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><a href=\"/wiki/Feliks_Sobanski\" title=\"Feliks Sobanski\">Feliks Sobanski</a></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><a href=\"/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Maximilien_Ossolinski\" title=\"François Maximilien Ossolinski\">François Maximilien Ossolinski</a></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><a href=\"/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Chopin\" title=\"Frédéric Chopin\">Frédéric Chopin</a></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><a href=\"/wiki/Henryk_Dembi%C5%84ski\" title=\"Henryk Dembiński\">Henryk Dembiński</a></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><a href=\"/wiki/Ignacy_Paderewski\" title=\"Ignacy Paderewski\">Ignacy Paderewski</a></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><a href=\"/wiki/Jan_Dembowski\" title=\"Jan Dembowski\">Jan Dembowski</a></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><a href=\"/wiki/Joachim_Lelewel\" title=\"Joachim Lelewel\">Joachim Lelewel</a></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><a href=\"/wiki/Joseph_Szermentowski\" title=\"Joseph Szermentowski\">Joseph Szermentowski</a></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><a href=\"/wiki/J%C3%B3zef_Andrzej_Za%C5%82uski\" title=\"Józef Andrzej Załuski\">Józef Andrzej Załuski</a></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><a href=\"/wiki/J%C3%B3zef_Ignacy_Kraszewski\" title=\"Józef Ignacy Kraszewski\">Józef Ignacy Kraszewski</a></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><a href=\"/wiki/J%C3%B3zef_Wysocki\" title=\"Józef Wysocki\">Józef Wysocki</a></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><a href=\"/wiki/Julien_Ursin_Niemcewicz\" title=\"Julien Ursin Niemcewicz\">Julien Ursin Niemcewicz</a></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><a href=\"/wiki/Juliusz_S%C5%82owacki\" title=\"Juliusz Słowacki\">Juliusz Słowacki</a></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><a href=\"/wiki/Karol_Kniaziewicz\" title=\"Karol Kniaziewicz\">Karol Kniaziewicz</a></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><a href=\"/wiki/Karol_Sienkiewicz\" title=\"Karol Sienkiewicz\">Karol Sienkiewicz</a></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><a href=\"/wiki/Ksawery_Branicki\" title=\"Ksawery Branicki\">Ksawery Branicki</a></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><a href=\"/wiki/Leonard_Chod%C5%BAko\" title=\"Leonard Chodźko\">Leonard Chodźko</a></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><a href=\"/wiki/Maciej_Sulkiewicz\" title=\"Maciej Sulkiewicz\">Maciej Sulkiewicz</a></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><a class=\"mw-selflink selflink\">Marie Curie</a></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><a href=\"/wiki/Marie_Leszczynska\" title=\"Marie Leszczynska\">Marie Leszczynska</a></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><a href=\"/wiki/Michel_Chod%C5%BAko\" title=\"Michel Chodźko\">Michel Chodźko</a></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><a href=\"/wiki/Mstislav_Rostropovitch\" title=\"Mstislav Rostropovitch\">Mstislav Rostropovitch</a></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><a href=\"/wiki/Octave_Klaba\" title=\"Octave Klaba\">Octave Klaba</a></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><a href=\"/wiki/Roman_Polanski\" title=\"Roman Polanski\">Roman Polanski</a></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><a href=\"/wiki/Stanislas_Leszczynski\" title=\"Stanislas Leszczynski\">Stanislas Leszczynski</a></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><a href=\"/wiki/Tamara_de_Lempicka\" title=\"Tamara de Lempicka\">Tamara de Lempicka</a></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><a href=\"/wiki/Xavier_Branicki\" title=\"Xavier Branicki\">Xavier Branicki</a></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><a href=\"/wiki/Zbigniew_Brzezi%C5%84ski\" title=\"Zbigniew Brzeziński\">Zbigniew Brzeziński</a></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><a href=\"/wiki/Zofia_W%C4%99gierska\" title=\"Zofia Węgierska\">Zofia Węgierska</a></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><a href=\"/wiki/Zygmunt_Krasi%C5%84ski\" title=\"Zygmunt Krasiński\">Zygmunt Krasiński</a></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><a href=\"/wiki/Zygmunt_Lubicz-Zaleski\" title=\"Zygmunt Lubicz-Zaleski\">Zygmunt Lubicz-Zaleski</a></span></li></ul>\n</div></td>\n</tr> <tr>\n<th class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"text-align:left;\">Sujets liés</th>\n<td class=\"navbox-list navbox-even\" style=\"\"><div class=\"liste-horizontale\">\n<ul><li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><a href=\"/wiki/R%C3%A9fugi%C3%A9s_polonais_en_Afrique_pendant_la_Seconde_Guerre_mondiale\" title=\"Réfugiés polonais en Afrique pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale\">Évacuation des civils polonais d'URSS durant la Seconde guerre mondiale</a></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><a href=\"/wiki/Expulsions_collectives_de_Polonais\" title=\"Expulsions collectives de Polonais\">Expulsions collectives de Polonais</a></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><a href=\"/wiki/Institut_Adam-Mickiewicz\" title=\"Institut Adam-Mickiewicz\">Institut Adam-Mickiewicz</a></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><a href=\"/wiki/Institut_polonais\" title=\"Institut polonais\">Institut polonais</a></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><a href=\"/wiki/Plombier_polonais\" title=\"Plombier polonais\">Plombier polonais</a></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><a href=\"/wiki/Tentatives_polonaises_d%27obtenir_des_colonies\" title=\"Tentatives polonaises d&#39;obtenir des colonies\">Tentatives polonaises d'obtenir des colonies</a></span></li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:normal;\"><a href=\"/wiki/Zone_d%27occupation_polonaise_en_Allemagne\" title=\"Zone d&#39;occupation polonaise en Allemagne\">Zone d'occupation polonaise en Allemagne</a></span></li></ul>\n</div></td>\n</tr>                         </tbody></table>\n<table class=\"navbox collapsible noprint autocollapse\" style=\"\">\n<tbody><tr><th class=\"navbox-title\" colspan=\"2\" style=\"\"><div style=\"float:left; width:6em; text-align:left\"><div class=\"noprint plainlinks nowrap tnavbar\" style=\"padding:0; font-size:xx-small; color:var(--color-emphasized, #000000);\"><a href=\"/wiki/Mod%C3%A8le:Palette_Savants_de_la_tour_Eiffel\" title=\"Modèle:Palette Savants de la tour Eiffel\"><abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"Voir ce modèle.\">v</abbr></a>&#160;· <a class=\"external text\" data-mw-original-href=\"//fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mod%C3%A8le:Palette_Savants_de_la_tour_Eiffel&amp;action=edit\" href=\"https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mod%C3%A8le:Palette_Savants_de_la_tour_Eiffel&amp;action=edit\"><abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"Modifier ce modèle. Merci de prévisualiser avant de sauvegarder.\">m</abbr></a></div></div><div style=\"font-size:110%\"><a href=\"/wiki/Savants_dont_le_nom_est_inscrit_sur_la_tour_Eiffel\" title=\"Savants dont le nom est inscrit sur la tour Eiffel\">Savants dont le nom est inscrit sur la tour Eiffel</a></div></th>\n</tr>  <tr>\n<th class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:100px;\">Hommes<br /><small>(1889)</small></th>\n<td class=\"navbox-list\" style=\"\"><table class=\"navbox-subgroup\" style=\"\">\n<tbody><tr>\n<th class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:100px;\">Initiative</th>\n<td class=\"navbox-list\" style=\";\"><div class=\"liste-horizontale\">\n<ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Gustave_Eiffel\" title=\"Gustave Eiffel\">Gustave Eiffel</a></li></ul>\n</div></td>\n</tr> <tr>\n<th class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:100px;\">Liste</th>\n<td class=\"navbox-list navbox-even\" style=\";\"><div class=\"liste-horizontale\">\n<ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Andr%C3%A9-Marie_Amp%C3%A8re\" title=\"André-Marie Ampère\">Ampère</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Arago\" title=\"François Arago\">Arago</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Jean-Augustin_Barral\" title=\"Jean-Augustin Barral\">Barral</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Antoine_Becquerel\" title=\"Antoine Becquerel\">Becquerel</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Charles_Joseph_B%C3%A9langer\" title=\"Jean-Baptiste Charles Joseph Bélanger\">Bélanger</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Eug%C3%A8ne_Belgrand\" title=\"Eugène Belgrand\">Belgrand</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Pierre_Berthier\" title=\"Pierre Berthier\">Berthier</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Xavier_Bichat\" title=\"Xavier Bichat\">Bichat</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Jean-Charles_de_Borda\" title=\"Jean-Charles de Borda\">Borda</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Louis_Cl%C3%A9ment_Fran%C3%A7ois_Breguet\" title=\"Louis Clément François Breguet\">Breguet</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Jacques_Antoine_Charles_Bresse\" title=\"Jacques Antoine Charles Bresse\">Bresse</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Paul_Broca\" title=\"Paul Broca\">Broca</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_Cail\" title=\"Jean-François Cail\">Cail</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Lazare_Carnot\" title=\"Lazare Carnot\">Carnot</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Augustin_Louis_Cauchy\" title=\"Augustin Louis Cauchy\">Cauchy</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Jean-Antoine_Chaptal\" title=\"Jean-Antoine Chaptal\">Chaptal</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Michel_Chasles\" title=\"Michel Chasles\">Chasles</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Michel-Eug%C3%A8ne_Chevreul\" title=\"Michel-Eugène Chevreul\">Chevreul</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/%C3%89mile_Clapeyron\" title=\"Émile Clapeyron\">Clapeyron</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Charles_Combes\" title=\"Charles Combes\">Combes</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Gaspard-Gustave_de_Coriolis\" title=\"Gaspard-Gustave de Coriolis\">Coriolis</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Charles-Augustin_Coulomb\" title=\"Charles-Augustin Coulomb\">Coulomb</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Georges_Cuvier\" title=\"Georges Cuvier\">Cuvier</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Louis_Daguerre\" title=\"Louis Daguerre\">Daguerre</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Joseph_Delambre\" title=\"Jean-Baptiste Joseph Delambre\">Delambre</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Charles-Eug%C3%A8ne_Delaunay\" title=\"Charles-Eugène Delaunay\">Delaunay</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Henri_de_Dion\" title=\"Henri de Dion\">de Dion</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Pierre_Louis_Dulong\" title=\"Pierre Louis Dulong\">Dulong</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Dumas_(chimiste)\" title=\"Jean-Baptiste Dumas (chimiste)\">Dumas</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Jacques-Joseph_Ebelmen\" title=\"Jacques-Joseph Ebelmen\">Ebelmen</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Hippolyte_Fizeau\" title=\"Hippolyte Fizeau\">Fizeau</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Eug%C3%A8ne_Flachat\" title=\"Eugène Flachat\">Flachat</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Foucault\" title=\"Léon Foucault\">Foucault</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Joseph_Fourier\" title=\"Joseph Fourier\">Fourier</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Augustin_Fresnel\" title=\"Augustin Fresnel\">Fresnel</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Louis_Joseph_Gay-Lussac\" title=\"Louis Joseph Gay-Lussac\">Gay-Lussac</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Henri_Giffard\" title=\"Henri Giffard\">Giffard</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Ernest_Go%C3%BCin\" title=\"Ernest Goüin\">Goüin</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Just_Ha%C3%BCy\" title=\"René Just Haüy\">Haüy</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Jules_Jamin\" title=\"Jules Jamin\">Jamin</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Louis_Didier_Jousselin\" title=\"Louis Didier Jousselin\">Jousselin</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Joseph-Louis_Lagrange\" title=\"Joseph-Louis Lagrange\">Lagrange</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Joseph_J%C3%A9r%C3%B4me_Lefran%C3%A7ois_de_Lalande\" title=\"Joseph Jérôme Lefrançois de Lalande\">Lalande</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Gabriel_Lam%C3%A9\" title=\"Gabriel Lamé\">Lamé</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Pierre-Simon_de_Laplace\" title=\"Pierre-Simon de Laplace\">Laplace</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Antoine_Lavoisier\" title=\"Antoine Lavoisier\">Lavoisier</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Louis_Le_Chatelier\" title=\"Louis Le Chatelier\">Le Chatelier</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Adrien-Marie_Legendre\" title=\"Adrien-Marie Legendre\">Legendre</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Urbain_Le_Verrier\" title=\"Urbain Le Verrier\">Le Verrier</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/%C3%89tienne_Louis_Malus\" title=\"Étienne Louis Malus\">Malus</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Gaspard_Monge\" title=\"Gaspard Monge\">Monge</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Arthur_Morin\" title=\"Arthur Morin\">Morin</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Henri_Navier\" title=\"Henri Navier\">Navier</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Jules_Pelouze\" title=\"Jules Pelouze\">Pelouze</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Auguste_Perdonnet\" title=\"Auguste Perdonnet\">Perdonnet</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Perrier_(g%C3%A9n%C3%A9ral)\" title=\"François Perrier (général)\">Perrier</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Jules_Petiet\" title=\"Jules Petiet\">Petiet</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Louis_Poinsot\" title=\"Louis Poinsot\">Poinsot</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Sim%C3%A9on_Denis_Poisson\" title=\"Siméon Denis Poisson\">Poisson</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Camille_Polonceau\" title=\"Camille Polonceau\">Polonceau</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Jean-Victor_Poncelet\" title=\"Jean-Victor Poncelet\">Poncelet</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Gaspard_de_Prony\" title=\"Gaspard de Prony\">de Prony</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Victor_Regnault\" title=\"Victor Regnault\">Regnault</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Sauvage\" title=\"Frédéric Sauvage\">Sauvage</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Eug%C3%A8ne_Ier_Schneider\" title=\"Eugène Ier Schneider\">Schneider</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Marc_Seguin\" title=\"Marc Seguin\">Seguin</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Charles_Sturm\" title=\"Charles Sturm\">Sturm</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Louis_Jacques_Th%C3%A9nard\" title=\"Louis Jacques Thénard\">Thénard</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Henri_Tresca\" title=\"Henri Tresca\">Tresca</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Jacques_Triger\" title=\"Jacques Triger\">Triger</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Louis_Vicat\" title=\"Louis Vicat\">Vicat</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Adolphe_Wurtz\" title=\"Adolphe Wurtz\">Wurtz</a></li></ul>\n</div></td>\n</tr>                            \n\n</tbody></table></td>\n</tr> <tr>\n<th class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:100px;\">Femmes<br /><small>(prévu pour 2027)</small></th>\n<td class=\"navbox-list navbox-even\" style=\"\"><table class=\"navbox-subgroup\" style=\"\">\n<tbody><tr>\n<th class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:100px;\">Initiative</th>\n<td class=\"navbox-list\" style=\";\"><div class=\"liste-horizontale\">\n<ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Femmes_et_sciences\" title=\"Femmes et sciences\">Femmes et sciences</a>\n<ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Isabelle_Vauglin\" title=\"Isabelle Vauglin\">Isabelle Vauglin</a></li>\n<li>Françoise Conan&#160;<a href=\"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80166066\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"d:Q80166066\"><span class=\"indicateur-langue\" title=\"Article sur Wikidata&#160;: «&#160;Q80166066&#160;»\">(d)</span></a></li></ul></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Anne_Hidalgo\" title=\"Anne Hidalgo\">Anne Hidalgo</a></li></ul>\n</div></td>\n</tr> <tr>\n<th class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:100px;\">Commission</th>\n<td class=\"navbox-list navbox-even\" style=\";\"><div class=\"liste-horizontale\">\n<ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Isabelle_Vauglin\" title=\"Isabelle Vauglin\">Vauglin</a></li>\n<li><abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"Jean-François Martins\">Martins</abbr></li>\n<li><abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"Olivier Berthelot-Eiffel\">Berthelot-Eiffel</abbr></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Jacqueline_Bloch\" title=\"Jacqueline Bloch\">Bloch</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Michel_Carmona\" title=\"Michel Carmona\">Carmona</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Fran%C3%A7oise_Combes\" title=\"Françoise Combes\">Combes</a></li>\n<li><abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"Marie-Hélène Didier\">Didier</abbr></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Pierre-Antoine_Gatier\" title=\"Pierre-Antoine Gatier\">Gatier</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Aur%C3%A9lie_Filippetti\" title=\"Aurélie Filippetti\">Filippetti</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_Legaret\" title=\"Jean-François Legaret\">Legaret</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Bertrand_Lemoine\" title=\"Bertrand Lemoine\">Lemoine</a></li>\n<li>Marticorena&#160;<a href=\"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126183029\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"d:Q126183029\"><span class=\"indicateur-langue\" title=\"Article sur Wikidata&#160;: «&#160;Q126183029&#160;»\">(d)</span></a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Val%C3%A9rie_Masson-Delmotte\" title=\"Valérie Masson-Delmotte\">Masson-Delmotte</a></li>\n<li><abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"Frédéric Masviel\">Masviel</abbr></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Michelle_Perrot\" title=\"Michelle Perrot\">Perrot</a></li></ul>\n</div></td>\n</tr> <tr>\n<th class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:100px;\">Liste</th>\n<td class=\"navbox-list\" style=\";\"><div class=\"liste-horizontale\">\n<ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Denise_Albe-Fessard\" title=\"Denise Albe-Fessard\">Albe-Fessard</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Yvette_Amice\" title=\"Yvette Amice\">Amice</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Jeanne_Barret\" title=\"Jeanne Barret\">Barret</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Denise_Barthomeuf\" title=\"Denise Barthomeuf\">Barthomeuf</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Madeleine_Br%C3%A8s\" title=\"Madeleine Brès\">Brès</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Simonne_Caill%C3%A8re\" title=\"Simonne Caillère\">Caillère</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Yvette_Cauchois\" title=\"Yvette Cauchois\">Cauchois</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Edm%C3%A9e_Chandon\" title=\"Edmée Chandon\">Chandon</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Yvonne_Choquet-Bruhat\" title=\"Yvonne Choquet-Bruhat\">Choquet-Bruhat</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Marthe_Condat\" title=\"Marthe Condat\">Condat</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Anita_Conti\" title=\"Anita Conti\">Conti</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Eug%C3%A9nie_Cotton\" title=\"Eugénie Cotton\">Cotton</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Ang%C3%A9lique_du_Coudray\" title=\"Angélique du Coudray\">du Coudray</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Radhia_Cousot\" title=\"Radhia Cousot\">Cousot</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Odile_Croissant\" title=\"Odile Croissant\">Croissant</a></li>\n<li><a class=\"mw-selflink selflink\">Curie</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Augusta_Dejerine-Klumpke\" title=\"Augusta Dejerine-Klumpke\">Dejerine-Klumpke</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Henriette_Delamarre_de_Monchaux\" title=\"Henriette Delamarre de Monchaux\">Delamarre de Monchaux</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Georgette_D%C3%A9librias\" title=\"Georgette Délibrias\">Délibrias</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Nathalie_Demassieux\" title=\"Nathalie Demassieux\">Demassieux</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/C%C3%A9cile_DeWitt-Morette\" title=\"Cécile DeWitt-Morette\">DeWitt-Morette</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Rose_Dieng-Kuntz\" title=\"Rose Dieng-Kuntz\">Dieng-Kuntz</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Marie-Louise_Dubreil-Jacotin\" title=\"Marie-Louise Dubreil-Jacotin\">Dubreil-Jacotin</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Jacqueline_Ficini\" title=\"Jacqueline Ficini\">Ficini</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Rosalind_Franklin\" title=\"Rosalind Franklin\">Franklin</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Marthe_Gautier\" title=\"Marthe Gautier\">Gautier</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Sophie_Germain\" title=\"Sophie Germain\">Germain</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Nicole_Girard-Mangin\" title=\"Nicole Girard-Mangin\">Girard-Mangin</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Marianne_Grunberg-Manago\" title=\"Marianne Grunberg-Manago\">Grunberg-Manago</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Jeanne_Guiot\" title=\"Jeanne Guiot\">Guiot</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Genevi%C3%A8ve_Guitel\" title=\"Geneviève Guitel\">Guitel</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/S%C3%A9bastienne_Guyot\" title=\"Sébastienne Guyot\">Guyot</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Claudine_Hermann\" title=\"Claudine Hermann\">Hermann</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Andr%C3%A9e_Hoppilliard\" title=\"Andrée Hoppilliard\">Hoppilliard</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Ir%C3%A8ne_Joliot-Curie\" title=\"Irène Joliot-Curie\">Joliot-Curie</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Genevi%C3%A8ve_Jourdain\" title=\"Geneviève Jourdain\">Jourdain</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Anne-Marcelle_Kahn\" title=\"Anne-Marcelle Kahn\">Kahn</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Dorothea_Klumpke\" title=\"Dorothea Klumpke\">Klumpke</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Lydie_Koch-Miramond\" title=\"Lydie Koch-Miramond\">Koch-Miramond</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Colette_Kreder\" title=\"Colette Kreder\">Kreder</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Nicole_Laroche\" title=\"Nicole Laroche\">Laroche</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Yolande_Le_Calvez\" title=\"Yolande Le Calvez\">Le Calvez</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Corn%C3%A9lie_Lebon-de_Brambilla\" title=\"Cornélie Lebon-de Brambilla\">Lebon-de Brambilla</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Jacqueline_Ferrand\" title=\"Jacqueline Ferrand\">Ferrand</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Paulette_Libermann\" title=\"Paulette Libermann\">Libermann</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Alice_Mathieu-Dubois\" title=\"Alice Mathieu-Dubois\">Mathieu-Dubois</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Henriette_Mathieu-Faraggi\" title=\"Henriette Mathieu-Faraggi\">Mathieu-Faraggi</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/%C3%89dith_Mourier\" title=\"Édith Mourier\">Mourier</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Ethel_Moustacchi\" title=\"Ethel Moustacchi\">Moustacchi</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Suzanne_No%C3%ABl\" title=\"Suzanne Noël\">Noël</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Yvonne_Odic\" title=\"Yvonne Odic\">Odic</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Isabelle_Olivieri\" title=\"Isabelle Olivieri\">Olivieri</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Marie-Louise_Paris\" title=\"Marie-Louise Paris\">Paris</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Marguerite_Perey\" title=\"Marguerite Perey\">Perey</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Claudine_Picardet\" title=\"Claudine Picardet\">Picardet</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Louise_du_Pierry\" title=\"Louise du Pierry\">du Pierry</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Alberte_Pullman\" title=\"Alberte Pullman\">Pullman</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Pauline_Ramart\" title=\"Pauline Ramart\">Ramart</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Lucie_Randoin\" title=\"Lucie Randoin\">Randoin</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Alice_Recoque\" title=\"Alice Recoque\">Recoque</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Michelle_Schatzman\" title=\"Michelle Schatzman\">Schatzman</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Marie-H%C3%A9l%C3%A8ne_Schwartz\" title=\"Marie-Hélène Schwartz\">Schwartz</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Josiane_Serre\" title=\"Josiane Serre\">Serre</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/H%C3%A9l%C3%A8ne_Sparrow\" title=\"Hélène Sparrow\">Sparrow</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Bianca_Tchoubar\" title=\"Bianca Tchoubar\">Tchoubar</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Marie-Antoinette_Tonnelat\" title=\"Marie-Antoinette Tonnelat\">Tonnelat</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Th%C3%A9r%C3%A8se_Tr%C3%A9fou%C3%ABl\" title=\"Thérèse Tréfouël\">Tréfouël</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/%C3%81gnes_Ullmann\" title=\"Ágnes Ullmann\">Ullmann</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Arlette_Vassy\" title=\"Arlette Vassy\">Vassy</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Suzanne_Veil\" title=\"Suzanne Veil\">Veil</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Jeanne_Villepreux-Power\" title=\"Jeanne Villepreux-Power\">Villepreux-Power</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Toshiko_Yuasa\" title=\"Toshiko Yuasa\">Yuasa</a></li></ul>\n</div></td>\n</tr> <tr>\n<th class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:100px;\">Articles connexes</th>\n<td class=\"navbox-list navbox-even\" style=\";\"><div class=\"liste-horizontale\">\n<ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Effet_Matilda\" title=\"Effet Matilda\">Effet Matilda</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Liste_de_femmes_scientifiques\" title=\"Liste de femmes scientifiques\">Liste de femmes scientifiques</a>\n<ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Liste_de_femmes_astronomes\" title=\"Liste de femmes astronomes\">astronomes</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Liste_de_femmes_g%C3%A9ographes\" title=\"Liste de femmes géographes\">géographes</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Liste_de_math%C3%A9maticiennes\" title=\"Liste de mathématiciennes\">mathématiciennes</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Liste_de_femmes_pal%C3%A9ontologues\" title=\"Liste de femmes paléontologues\">paléontologues</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Liste_de_statisticiennes\" title=\"Liste de statisticiennes\">statisticiennes</a></li></ul></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Place_des_femmes_en_sciences\" title=\"Place des femmes en sciences\">Place des femmes en sciences</a>\n<ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Place_des_femmes_en_astronomie\" title=\"Place des femmes en astronomie\">astronomie</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Place_des_femmes_en_ing%C3%A9nierie\" title=\"Place des femmes en ingénierie\">ingénierie</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Place_des_femmes_en_m%C3%A9decine\" title=\"Place des femmes en médecine\">médecine</a></li></ul></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Chronologie_de_la_place_des_femmes_dans_les_sciences\" title=\"Chronologie de la place des femmes dans les sciences\">Chronologie de la place des femmes dans les sciences</a>\n<ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Chronologie_de_la_place_des_femmes_dans_les_sciences_en_France\" title=\"Chronologie de la place des femmes dans les sciences en France\">en France</a></li></ul></li></ul>\n</div></td>\n</tr>                          \n\n</tbody></table></td>\n</tr>                             </tbody></table>\n</div>\n<ul id=\"bandeau-portail\" class=\"bandeau-portail\"><li><span class=\"bandeau-portail-element\"><span class=\"bandeau-portail-icone\"><span class=\"noviewer\" typeof=\"mw:File\"><a href=\"/wiki/Portail:Physique\" title=\"Portail de la physique\"><img alt=\"icône décorative\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Circle-icons-physics-logo.svg/40px-Circle-icons-physics-logo.svg.png?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" class=\"mw-file-element\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Circle-icons-physics-logo.svg/60px-Circle-icons-physics-logo.svg.png?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" data-file-width=\"512\" data-file-height=\"512\" /></a></span></span> <span class=\"bandeau-portail-texte\"><a href=\"/wiki/Portail:Physique\" title=\"Portail:Physique\">Portail de la physique</a></span> </span></li> <li><span class=\"bandeau-portail-element\"><span class=\"bandeau-portail-icone\"><span class=\"noviewer\" typeof=\"mw:File\"><a href=\"/wiki/Portail:Chimie\" title=\"Portail de la chimie\"><img alt=\"icône décorative\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Nuvola_apps_edu_science.svg/40px-Nuvola_apps_edu_science.svg.png?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" class=\"mw-file-element\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Nuvola_apps_edu_science.svg/60px-Nuvola_apps_edu_science.svg.png?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" data-file-width=\"128\" data-file-height=\"128\" /></a></span></span> <span class=\"bandeau-portail-texte\"><a href=\"/wiki/Portail:Chimie\" title=\"Portail:Chimie\">Portail de la chimie</a></span> </span></li> <li><span class=\"bandeau-portail-element\"><span class=\"bandeau-portail-icone\"><span class=\"noviewer\" typeof=\"mw:File\"><a href=\"/wiki/Portail:Femmes\" title=\"Portail des femmes et du féminisme\"><img alt=\"icône décorative\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Venus_symbol_%28heavy_pink%29.svg/40px-Venus_symbol_%28heavy_pink%29.svg.png?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" class=\"mw-file-element\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Venus_symbol_%28heavy_pink%29.svg/60px-Venus_symbol_%28heavy_pink%29.svg.png?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" data-file-width=\"16\" data-file-height=\"16\" /></a></span></span> <span class=\"bandeau-portail-texte\"><a href=\"/wiki/Portail:Femmes\" title=\"Portail:Femmes\">Portail des femmes et du féminisme</a></span> </span></li> <li><span class=\"bandeau-portail-element\"><span class=\"bandeau-portail-icone\"><span class=\"noviewer\" typeof=\"mw:File\"><a href=\"/wiki/Portail:Prix_Nobel\" title=\"Portail du prix Nobel\"><img alt=\"icône décorative\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/NobelP2.png/40px-NobelP2.png?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" class=\"mw-file-element\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/NobelP2.png/60px-NobelP2.png?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" data-file-width=\"539\" data-file-height=\"542\" /></a></span></span> <span class=\"bandeau-portail-texte\"><a href=\"/wiki/Portail:Prix_Nobel\" title=\"Portail:Prix Nobel\">Portail du prix Nobel</a></span> </span></li> <li><span class=\"bandeau-portail-element\"><span class=\"bandeau-portail-icone\"><span class=\"noviewer\" typeof=\"mw:File\"><a href=\"/wiki/Portail:Histoire_des_sciences\" title=\"Portail de l’histoire des sciences\"><img alt=\"icône décorative\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Science_history_icon.svg/40px-Science_history_icon.svg.png?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"37\" height=\"24\" class=\"mw-file-element\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Science_history_icon.svg/120px-Science_history_icon.svg.png?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" data-file-width=\"400\" data-file-height=\"260\" /></a></span></span> <span class=\"bandeau-portail-texte\"><a href=\"/wiki/Portail:Histoire_des_sciences\" title=\"Portail:Histoire des sciences\">Portail de l’histoire des sciences</a></span> </span></li> <li><span class=\"bandeau-portail-element\"><span class=\"bandeau-portail-icone\"><span class=\"mw-image-border noviewer\" typeof=\"mw:File\"><a href=\"/wiki/Portail:Varsovie\" title=\"Portail de Varsovie\"><img alt=\"icône décorative\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Flag_of_Warsaw.svg/40px-Flag_of_Warsaw.svg.png?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"35\" height=\"22\" class=\"mw-file-element\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Flag_of_Warsaw.svg/120px-Flag_of_Warsaw.svg.png?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" data-file-width=\"1200\" data-file-height=\"750\" /></a></span></span> <span class=\"bandeau-portail-texte\"><a href=\"/wiki/Portail:Varsovie\" title=\"Portail:Varsovie\">Portail de Varsovie</a></span> </span></li> <li><span class=\"bandeau-portail-element\"><span class=\"bandeau-portail-icone\"><span class=\"mw-image-border noviewer\" typeof=\"mw:File\"><a href=\"/wiki/Portail:France\" title=\"Portail de la France\"><img alt=\"icône décorative\" src=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Flag_of_France_%281974%E2%80%932020%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_France_%281974%E2%80%932020%29.svg.png?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"33\" height=\"22\" class=\"mw-file-element\" srcset=\"//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Flag_of_France_%281974%E2%80%932020%29.svg/120px-Flag_of_France_%281974%E2%80%932020%29.svg.png?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail 2x\" data-file-width=\"900\" data-file-height=\"600\" /></a></span></span> <span class=\"bandeau-portail-texte\"><a href=\"/wiki/Portail:France\" title=\"Portail:France\">Portail de la France</a></span> </span></li>              </ul>\n<!-- \nNewPP limit report\nParsed by mw‐api‐ext.codfw.main‐56b794b84c‐fml6w\nCached time: 20261002201336\nCache expiry: 2592000\nReduced expiry: false\nComplications: [prevent‐selective‐update, show‐toc]\nCPU 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diff --git a/src/typescript/extension/test/e2e/post-route-regressions.e2e.test.ts b/src/typescript/extension/test/e2e/post-route-regressions.e2e.test.ts
index 7c08381..27b90a6 100644
--- a/src/typescript/extension/test/e2e/post-route-regressions.e2e.test.ts
+++ b/src/typescript/extension/test/e2e/post-route-regressions.e2e.test.ts
@@ -1,447 +1,56 @@
-import { mkdtempSync, rmSync } from "node:fs";
-import { tmpdir } from "node:os";
-import { join, resolve } from "node:path";
+import type { ExtensionSkippedReason, Platform } from "@openerrata/shared";
+import { test } from "@playwright/test";
 import {
-  EXTENSION_MESSAGE_PROTOCOL_VERSION,
-  extensionPageStatusSchema,
-  type ExtensionPostStatus,
-  type ExtensionSkippedReason,
-} from "@openerrata/shared";
-import { chromium, test, type BrowserContext, type Worker } from "@playwright/test";
+  launchExtensionHarness,
+  servePage,
+  waitForCachedStatus,
+  type ExtensionHarness,
+} from "./extension-harness.js";
 import { E2E_WIKIPEDIA_FIXTURE_KEYS, readE2eWikipediaFixture } from "./wikipedia-fixtures.js";
 
-type Platform = "LESSWRONG" | "X" | "SUBSTACK" | "WIKIPEDIA";
-
-interface ExtensionHarness {
-  context: BrowserContext;
-  serviceWorker: Worker;
-  userDataDir: string;
-}
-
 interface ExpectedSkippedStatus {
   platform: Platform;
-  externalId: string;
   /** A single reason or array of acceptable reasons (when multiple skip conditions apply). */
   reason: ExtensionSkippedReason | ExtensionSkippedReason[];
-  pageUrl?: string;
+  pageUrl: string;
 }
 
 interface ExpectedPostStatus {
   platform: Platform;
   externalId: string;
-  pageUrl?: string;
-  investigationState?: ExtensionPostStatus["investigationState"];
-}
-
-const DEFAULT_STATUS_POLL_TIMEOUT_MS = 15_000;
-
-function sleep(ms: number): Promise<void> {
-  return new Promise<void>((done) => {
-    setTimeout(done, ms);
-  });
-}
-
-interface CachedStatusProbe {
-  tabId: number;
-  tabUrl: string | null;
-  pendingUrl: string | null;
-  status: unknown;
-  error: string | null;
-}
-
-interface ContentScriptProbe {
-  tabId: number;
-  tabUrl: string | null;
-  pendingUrl: string | null;
-  listenerReady: boolean;
-  listenerError: string | null;
-  injected: boolean;
-  injectError: string | null;
-}
-
-function summarizeContentScriptProbesForError(probes: ContentScriptProbe[]): string {
-  if (probes.length === 0) {
-    return JSON.stringify([{ kind: "NO_TABS_PROBED" }]);
-  }
-  return JSON.stringify(probes);
-}
-
-async function ensureContentScriptReady(
-  serviceWorker: Worker,
-  options: { preferredPageUrl?: string; timeoutMs?: number } = {},
-): Promise<void> {
-  const timeoutMs = options.timeoutMs ?? DEFAULT_STATUS_POLL_TIMEOUT_MS;
-  const startedAt = Date.now();
-  let lastProbes: ContentScriptProbe[] = [];
-
-  while (Date.now() - startedAt < timeoutMs) {
-    const probeResult = await serviceWorker.evaluate(
-      async (input: { protocolVersion: number; preferredPageUrl: string | null }) => {
-        function normalizeComparableUrl(url: string): string {
-          try {
-            const parsed = new URL(url);
-            const normalizedPathname =
-              parsed.pathname.length > 1 && parsed.pathname.endsWith("/")
-                ? parsed.pathname.slice(0, -1)
-                : parsed.pathname;
-            return `${parsed.origin}${normalizedPathname}`;
-          } catch {
-            return url;
-          }
-        }
-
-        function isPreferredUrlCandidate(
-          candidate: string | undefined | null,
-          preferredPageUrl: string | null,
-        ): boolean {
-          if (typeof candidate !== "string" || preferredPageUrl === null) {
-            return false;
-          }
-          if (
-            candidate === preferredPageUrl ||
-            candidate.startsWith(`${preferredPageUrl}?`) ||
-            candidate.startsWith(`${preferredPageUrl}#`)
-          ) {
-            return true;
-          }
-          return normalizeComparableUrl(candidate) === normalizeComparableUrl(preferredPageUrl);
-        }
-
-        const allTabs = await chrome.tabs.query({});
-        const preferredTabs =
-          input.preferredPageUrl === null
-            ? []
-            : allTabs.filter((tab) =>
-                [tab.url, tab.pendingUrl].some((candidate) =>
-                  isPreferredUrlCandidate(candidate, input.preferredPageUrl),
-                ),
-              );
-        const tabsToProbe =
-          preferredTabs.length > 0
-            ? preferredTabs
-            : allTabs.filter((tab) => typeof tab.id === "number");
-
-        const probes: ContentScriptProbe[] = [];
-        let anyReady = false;
-
-        for (const tab of tabsToProbe) {
-          if (typeof tab.id !== "number") {
-            continue;
-          }
-
-          let listenerReady = false;
-          let listenerError: string | null = null;
-          try {
-            await chrome.tabs.sendMessage(tab.id, {
-              v: input.protocolVersion,
-              type: "GET_ANNOTATION_VISIBILITY",
-            });
-            listenerReady = true;
-            anyReady = true;
-          } catch (error: unknown) {
-            listenerError = error instanceof Error ? error.message : String(error);
-          }
-
-          let injected = false;
-          let injectError: string | null = null;
-          if (!listenerReady) {
-            try {
-              await chrome.scripting.executeScript({
-                target: { tabId: tab.id },
-                files: ["content/main.js"],
-              });
-              await chrome.scripting.insertCSS({
-                target: { tabId: tab.id },
-                files: ["content/annotations.css"],
-              });
-              injected = true;
-            } catch (error: unknown) {
-              injectError = error instanceof Error ? error.message : String(error);
-            }
-          }
-
-          probes.push({
-            tabId: tab.id,
-            tabUrl: tab.url ?? null,
-            pendingUrl: tab.pendingUrl ?? null,
-            listenerReady,
-            listenerError,
-            injected,
-            injectError,
-          });
-        }
-
-        return {
-          ready: anyReady,
-          probes,
-        };
-      },
-      {
-        protocolVersion: EXTENSION_MESSAGE_PROTOCOL_VERSION,
-        preferredPageUrl: options.preferredPageUrl ?? null,
-      },
-    );
-
-    lastProbes = probeResult.probes;
-    if (probeResult.ready) {
-      return;
-    }
-
-    await sleep(200);
-  }
-
-  throw new Error(
-    `Timed out waiting for content script listener (timeout ${timeoutMs}ms). Last probe results: ${summarizeContentScriptProbesForError(lastProbes)}`,
-  );
-}
-
-async function getCachedStatuses(
-  serviceWorker: Worker,
-  options: { preferredPageUrl?: string } = {},
-): Promise<CachedStatusProbe[]> {
-  return serviceWorker.evaluate(
-    async (input: { protocolVersion: number; preferredPageUrl: string | null }) => {
-      function normalizeComparableUrl(url: string): string {
-        try {
-          const parsed = new URL(url);
-          const normalizedPathname =
-            parsed.pathname.length > 1 && parsed.pathname.endsWith("/")
-              ? parsed.pathname.slice(0, -1)
-              : parsed.pathname;
-          return `${parsed.origin}${normalizedPathname}`;
-        } catch {
-          return url;
-        }
-      }
-
-      function isPreferredUrlCandidate(
-        candidate: string | undefined | null,
-        preferredPageUrl: string | null,
-      ): boolean {
-        if (typeof candidate !== "string" || preferredPageUrl === null) {
-          return false;
-        }
-        if (
-          candidate === preferredPageUrl ||
-          candidate.startsWith(`${preferredPageUrl}?`) ||
-          candidate.startsWith(`${preferredPageUrl}#`)
-        ) {
-          return true;
-        }
-        return normalizeComparableUrl(candidate) === normalizeComparableUrl(preferredPageUrl);
-      }
-
-      const allTabs = await chrome.tabs.query({});
-
-      const preferredTabs =
-        input.preferredPageUrl === null
-          ? []
-          : allTabs.filter((tab) =>
-              [tab.url, tab.pendingUrl].some((candidate) =>
-                isPreferredUrlCandidate(candidate, input.preferredPageUrl),
-              ),
-            );
-
-      const tabsToProbe =
-        preferredTabs.length > 0
-          ? preferredTabs
-          : allTabs.filter((tab) => typeof tab.id === "number");
-
-      const probes: {
-        tabId: number;
-        tabUrl: string | null;
-        pendingUrl: string | null;
-        status: unknown;
-        error: string | null;
-      }[] = [];
-
-      for (const tab of tabsToProbe) {
-        if (typeof tab.id !== "number") {
-          continue;
-        }
-
-        try {
-          // Trigger a refresh-cycle sync point in the content script before
-          // reading cache so transient tab-cache clears can be repopulated.
-          await chrome.tabs.sendMessage(tab.id, {
-            v: input.protocolVersion,
-            type: "GET_ANNOTATION_VISIBILITY",
-          });
-        } catch {
-          // Ignore and continue to cached-status probing below.
-        }
-
-        try {
-          const [result] = await chrome.scripting.executeScript({
-            target: { tabId: tab.id },
-            func: async (messageProtocolVersion: number) => {
-              const response = (await chrome.runtime.sendMessage({
-                v: messageProtocolVersion,
-                type: "GET_CACHED",
-              })) as unknown;
-              return response;
-            },
-            args: [input.protocolVersion],
-          });
-
-          probes.push({
-            tabId: tab.id,
-            tabUrl: tab.url ?? null,
-            pendingUrl: tab.pendingUrl ?? null,
-            status: result?.result ?? null,
-            error: null,
-          });
-        } catch (error: unknown) {
-          probes.push({
-            tabId: tab.id,
-            tabUrl: tab.url ?? null,
-            pendingUrl: tab.pendingUrl ?? null,
-            status: null,
-            error: error instanceof Error ? error.message : String(error),
-          });
-        }
-      }
-
-      return probes;
-    },
-    {
-      protocolVersion: EXTENSION_MESSAGE_PROTOCOL_VERSION,
-      preferredPageUrl: options.preferredPageUrl ?? null,
-    },
-  );
-}
-
-function hasMatchingSkippedStatus(status: unknown, expected: ExpectedSkippedStatus): boolean {
-  const parsed = extensionPageStatusSchema.safeParse(status);
-  if (!parsed.success || parsed.data.kind !== "SKIPPED") return false;
-  if (expected.pageUrl !== undefined && parsed.data.pageUrl !== expected.pageUrl) {
-    return false;
-  }
-  const acceptableReasons = Array.isArray(expected.reason) ? expected.reason : [expected.reason];
-  return (
-    parsed.data.platform === expected.platform &&
-    parsed.data.externalId === expected.externalId &&
-    acceptableReasons.includes(parsed.data.reason)
-  );
-}
-
-function hasMatchingPostStatus(status: unknown, expected: ExpectedPostStatus): boolean {
-  const parsed = extensionPageStatusSchema.safeParse(status);
-  if (!parsed.success || parsed.data.kind !== "POST") return false;
-  if (expected.pageUrl !== undefined && parsed.data.pageUrl !== expected.pageUrl) {
-    return false;
-  }
-  if (
-    expected.investigationState !== undefined &&
-    parsed.data.investigationState !== expected.investigationState
-  ) {
-    return false;
-  }
-  return (
-    parsed.data.platform === expected.platform && parsed.data.externalId === expected.externalId
-  );
-}
-
-function summarizeStatusForError(status: unknown): string {
-  const parsed = extensionPageStatusSchema.safeParse(status);
-  if (!parsed.success) {
-    return JSON.stringify({ kind: "UNPARSED", status });
-  }
-
-  if (parsed.data.kind === "SKIPPED") {
-    return JSON.stringify({
-      kind: "SKIPPED",
-      platform: parsed.data.platform,
-      externalId: parsed.data.externalId,
-      reason: parsed.data.reason,
-      pageUrl: parsed.data.pageUrl,
-      tabSessionId: parsed.data.tabSessionId,
-    });
-  }
-
-  return JSON.stringify({
-    kind: "POST",
-    platform: parsed.data.platform,
-    externalId: parsed.data.externalId,
-    investigationState: parsed.data.investigationState,
-    pageUrl: parsed.data.pageUrl,
-    tabSessionId: parsed.data.tabSessionId,
-  });
-}
-
-function summarizeStatusProbesForError(probes: CachedStatusProbe[]): string {
-  if (probes.length === 0) {
-    return JSON.stringify([{ kind: "NO_TABS_PROBED" }]);
-  }
-  return JSON.stringify(
-    probes.map((probe) => ({
-      tabId: probe.tabId,
-      tabUrl: probe.tabUrl,
-      pendingUrl: probe.pendingUrl,
-      error: probe.error,
-      status: summarizeStatusForError(probe.status),
-    })),
-  );
-}
-
-async function waitForStatusMatch(
-  readStatusProbes: () => Promise<CachedStatusProbe[]>,
-  matches: (status: unknown) => boolean,
-  timeoutMs: number,
-  failureLabel: string,
-): Promise<void> {
-  const startedAt = Date.now();
-  let lastProbes: CachedStatusProbe[] = [];
-  while (Date.now() - startedAt < timeoutMs) {
-    lastProbes = await readStatusProbes();
-    if (lastProbes.some((probe) => matches(probe.status))) {
-      return;
-    }
-    await sleep(250);
-  }
-
-  throw new Error(
-    `${failureLabel} (timeout ${timeoutMs}ms). Last cached statuses: ${summarizeStatusProbesForError(lastProbes)}`,
-  );
+  pageUrl: string;
 }
 
 async function expectSkippedStatus(
-  serviceWorker: Worker,
+  harness: ExtensionHarness,
   expected: ExpectedSkippedStatus,
-  options: { timeoutMs?: number; preferredPageUrl?: string } = {},
 ): Promise<void> {
-  const timeoutMs = options.timeoutMs ?? DEFAULT_STATUS_POLL_TIMEOUT_MS;
-  const preferredPageUrl = options.preferredPageUrl ?? expected.pageUrl;
-  const probeOptions = preferredPageUrl === undefined ? {} : { preferredPageUrl };
-  await ensureContentScriptReady(serviceWorker, {
-    timeoutMs,
-    ...probeOptions,
-  });
-  await waitForStatusMatch(
-    () => getCachedStatuses(serviceWorker, probeOptions),
-    (status) => hasMatchingSkippedStatus(status, expected),
-    timeoutMs,
-    `Expected skipped status did not match ${JSON.stringify(expected)}`,
+  const acceptableReasons = Array.isArray(expected.reason) ? expected.reason : [expected.reason];
+  await waitForCachedStatus(
+    harness,
+    expected.pageUrl,
+    (status) =>
+      status.kind === "SKIPPED" &&
+      status.platform === expected.platform &&
+      status.pageUrl === expected.pageUrl &&
+      acceptableReasons.includes(status.reason),
+    `skipped status ${JSON.stringify(expected)}`,
   );
 }
 
 async function expectPostStatus(
-  serviceWorker: Worker,
+  harness: ExtensionHarness,
   expected: ExpectedPostStatus,
-  options: { timeoutMs?: number; preferredPageUrl?: string } = {},
 ): Promise<void> {
-  const timeoutMs = options.timeoutMs ?? DEFAULT_STATUS_POLL_TIMEOUT_MS;
-  const preferredPageUrl = options.preferredPageUrl ?? expected.pageUrl;
-  const probeOptions = preferredPageUrl === undefined ? {} : { preferredPageUrl };
-  await ensureContentScriptReady(serviceWorker, {
-    timeoutMs,
-    ...probeOptions,
-  });
-  await waitForStatusMatch(
-    () => getCachedStatuses(serviceWorker, probeOptions),
-    (status) => hasMatchingPostStatus(status, expected),
-    timeoutMs,
-    `Expected post status did not match ${JSON.stringify(expected)}`,
+  await waitForCachedStatus(
+    harness,
+    expected.pageUrl,
+    (status) =>
+      status.kind === "POST" &&
+      status.platform === expected.platform &&
+      status.externalId === expected.externalId &&
+      status.pageUrl === expected.pageUrl,
+    `post status ${JSON.stringify(expected)}`,
   );
 }
 
@@ -460,29 +69,6 @@ function injectVideoIntoWikipediaFixtureHtml(html: string): string {
 
   return `${html}${videoNode}`;
 }
-async function launchExtensionHarness(): Promise<ExtensionHarness> {
-  const extensionPath = resolve(process.cwd(), "dist");
-  const userDataDir = mkdtempSync(join(tmpdir(), "openerrata-extension-e2e-"));
-  const context = await chromium.launchPersistentContext(userDataDir, {
-    // Chromium does not reliably load extension service workers in headless mode.
-    headless: false,
-    args: [`--disable-extensions-except=${extensionPath}`, `--load-extension=${extensionPath}`],
-  });
-
-  const serviceWorker =
-    context.serviceWorkers()[0] ?? (await context.waitForEvent("serviceworker"));
-
-  await serviceWorker.evaluate(async () => {
-    await chrome.storage.local.clear();
-  });
-
-  return { context, serviceWorker, userDataDir };
-}
-
-async function closeExtensionHarness(harness: ExtensionHarness): Promise<void> {
-  await harness.context.close();
-  rmSync(harness.userDataDir, { recursive: true, force: true });
-}
 
 test("LessWrong post URL without slug still reaches a terminal skipped status", async () => {
   const harness = await launchExtensionHarness();
@@ -491,11 +77,10 @@ test("LessWrong post URL without slug still reaches a terminal skipped status",
     const url = `https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/${postId}`;
     const page = await harness.context.newPage();
 
-    await page.route(`${url}**`, async (route) => {
-      await route.fulfill({
-        status: 200,
-        contentType: "text/html",
-        body: `<!doctype html>
+    await servePage(
+      page,
+      url,
+      `<!doctype html>
 <html>
   <head><meta charset="utf-8" /><title>LessWrong test post</title></head>
   <body>
@@ -513,21 +98,16 @@ test("LessWrong post URL without slug still reaches a terminal skipped status",
     </div>
   </body>
 </html>`,
-      });
-    });
+    );
 
     await page.goto(url, { waitUntil: "domcontentloaded" });
-    await expectSkippedStatus(
-      harness.serviceWorker,
-      {
-        platform: "LESSWRONG",
-        externalId: postId,
-        reason: "has_video",
-      },
-      { preferredPageUrl: url },
-    );
+    await expectSkippedStatus(harness, {
+      platform: "LESSWRONG",
+      reason: "has_video",
+      pageUrl: url,
+    });
   } finally {
-    await closeExtensionHarness(harness);
+    await harness.close();
   }
 });
 
@@ -538,11 +118,10 @@ test("X i/status URL still reaches a terminal skipped status", async () => {
     const url = `https://x.com/i/status/${tweetId}`;
     const page = await harness.context.newPage();
 
-    await page.route(`${url}**`, async (route) => {
-      await route.fulfill({
-        status: 200,
-        contentType: "text/html",
-        body: `<!doctype html>
+    await servePage(
+      page,
+      url,
+      `<!doctype html>
 <html>
   <head>
     <meta charset="utf-8" />
@@ -561,21 +140,16 @@ test("X i/status URL still reaches a terminal skipped status", async () => {
     </article>
   </body>
 </html>`,
-      });
-    });
+    );
 
     await page.goto(url, { waitUntil: "domcontentloaded" });
-    await expectSkippedStatus(
-      harness.serviceWorker,
-      {
-        platform: "X",
-        externalId: tweetId,
-        reason: "has_video",
-      },
-      { preferredPageUrl: url },
-    );
+    await expectSkippedStatus(harness, {
+      platform: "X",
+      reason: "has_video",
+      pageUrl: url,
+    });
   } finally {
-    await closeExtensionHarness(harness);
+    await harness.close();
   }
 });
 
@@ -586,11 +160,10 @@ test("X protected status stays private_or_gated even with unrelated tweet text o
     const url = `https://x.com/i/status/${tweetId}`;
     const page = await harness.context.newPage();
 
-    await page.route(`${url}**`, async (route) => {
-      await route.fulfill({
-        status: 200,
-        contentType: "text/html",
-        body: `<!doctype html>
+    await servePage(
+      page,
+      url,
+      `<!doctype html>
 <html>
   <head>
     <meta charset="utf-8" />
@@ -609,21 +182,16 @@ test("X protected status stays private_or_gated even with unrelated tweet text o
     </article>
   </body>
 </html>`,
-      });
-    });
+    );
 
     await page.goto(url, { waitUntil: "domcontentloaded" });
-    await expectSkippedStatus(
-      harness.serviceWorker,
-      {
-        platform: "X",
-        externalId: tweetId,
-        reason: "private_or_gated",
-      },
-      { preferredPageUrl: url },
-    );
+    await expectSkippedStatus(harness, {
+      platform: "X",
+      reason: "private_or_gated",
+      pageUrl: url,
+    });
   } finally {
-    await closeExtensionHarness(harness);
+    await harness.close();
   }
 });
 
@@ -634,11 +202,10 @@ test("X i/web/status permalink anchors are accepted for target tweet extraction"
     const url = `https://x.com/i/web/status/${tweetId}`;
     const page = await harness.context.newPage();
 
-    await page.route(`${url}**`, async (route) => {
-      await route.fulfill({
-        status: 200,
-        contentType: "text/html",
-        body: `<!doctype html>
+    await servePage(
+      page,
+      url,
+      `<!doctype html>
 <html>
   <head>
     <meta charset="utf-8" />
@@ -658,21 +225,16 @@ test("X i/web/status permalink anchors are accepted for target tweet extraction"
     </article>
   </body>
 </html>`,
-      });
-    });
+    );
 
     await page.goto(url, { waitUntil: "domcontentloaded" });
-    await expectSkippedStatus(
-      harness.serviceWorker,
-      {
-        platform: "X",
-        externalId: tweetId,
-        reason: "has_video",
-      },
-      { preferredPageUrl: url },
-    );
+    await expectSkippedStatus(harness, {
+      platform: "X",
+      reason: "has_video",
+      pageUrl: url,
+    });
   } finally {
-    await closeExtensionHarness(harness);
+    await harness.close();
   }
 });
 
@@ -683,11 +245,10 @@ test("X single-article fallback is allowed when canonical identity proves target
     const url = `https://x.com/i/status/${tweetId}`;
     const page = await harness.context.newPage();
 
-    await page.route(`${url}**`, async (route) => {
-      await route.fulfill({
-        status: 200,
-        contentType: "text/html",
-        body: `<!doctype html>
+    await servePage(
+      page,
+      url,
+      `<!doctype html>
 <html>
   <head>
     <meta charset="utf-8" />
@@ -707,21 +268,16 @@ test("X single-article fallback is allowed when canonical identity proves target
     </div>
   </body>
 </html>`,
-      });
-    });
+    );
 
     await page.goto(url, { waitUntil: "domcontentloaded" });
-    await expectSkippedStatus(
-      harness.serviceWorker,
-      {
-        platform: "X",
-        externalId: tweetId,
-        reason: "has_video",
-      },
-      { preferredPageUrl: url },
-    );
+    await expectSkippedStatus(harness, {
+      platform: "X",
+      reason: "has_video",
+      pageUrl: url,
+    });
   } finally {
-    await closeExtensionHarness(harness);
+    await harness.close();
   }
 });
 
@@ -732,11 +288,10 @@ test("X status routes require identity proof and eventually skip when proof neve
     const url = `https://x.com/i/status/${tweetId}`;
     const page = await harness.context.newPage();
 
-    await page.route(`${url}**`, async (route) => {
-      await route.fulfill({
-        status: 200,
-        contentType: "text/html",
-        body: `<!doctype html>
+    await servePage(
+      page,
+      url,
+      `<!doctype html>
 <html>
   <head>
     <meta charset="utf-8" />
@@ -754,21 +309,16 @@ test("X status routes require identity proof and eventually skip when proof neve
     </div>
   </body>
 </html>`,
-      });
-    });
+    );
 
     await page.goto(url, { waitUntil: "domcontentloaded" });
-    await expectSkippedStatus(
-      harness.serviceWorker,
-      {
-        platform: "X",
-        externalId: tweetId,
-        reason: "unsupported_content",
-      },
-      { preferredPageUrl: url },
-    );
+    await expectSkippedStatus(harness, {
+      platform: "X",
+      reason: "unsupported_content",
+      pageUrl: url,
+    });
   } finally {
-    await closeExtensionHarness(harness);
+    await harness.close();
   }
 });
 
@@ -779,11 +329,10 @@ test("Substack paywalled post reaches a private_or_gated skipped status", async
     const url = `https://example.substack.com/p/${slug}`;
     const page = await harness.context.newPage();
 
-    await page.route(`${url}**`, async (route) => {
-      await route.fulfill({
-        status: 200,
-        contentType: "text/html",
-        body: `<!doctype html>
+    await servePage(
+      page,
+      url,
+      `<!doctype html>
 <html>
   <head>
     <meta charset="utf-8" />
@@ -798,21 +347,16 @@ test("Substack paywalled post reaches a private_or_gated skipped status", async
     </main>
   </body>
 </html>`,
-      });
-    });
+    );
 
     await page.goto(url, { waitUntil: "domcontentloaded" });
-    await expectSkippedStatus(
-      harness.serviceWorker,
-      {
-        platform: "SUBSTACK",
-        externalId: slug,
-        reason: "private_or_gated",
-      },
-      { preferredPageUrl: url },
-    );
+    await expectSkippedStatus(harness, {
+      platform: "SUBSTACK",
+      reason: "private_or_gated",
+      pageUrl: url,
+    });
   } finally {
-    await closeExtensionHarness(harness);
+    await harness.close();
   }
 });
 
@@ -824,11 +368,10 @@ test("Substack public post with subscribe CTA is not misclassified as private_or
     const url = `https://example.substack.com/p/${slug}`;
     const page = await harness.context.newPage();
 
-    await page.route(`${url}**`, async (route) => {
-      await route.fulfill({
-        status: 200,
-        contentType: "text/html",
-        body: `<!doctype html>
+    await servePage(
+      page,
+      url,
+      `<!doctype html>
 <html>
   <head>
     <meta charset="utf-8" />
@@ -850,17 +393,16 @@ test("Substack public post with subscribe CTA is not misclassified as private_or
     </main>
   </body>
 </html>`,
-      });
-    });
+    );
 
     await page.goto(url, { waitUntil: "domcontentloaded" });
-    await expectPostStatus(harness.serviceWorker, {
+    await expectPostStatus(harness, {
       platform: "SUBSTACK",
       externalId: postId,
       pageUrl: url,
     });
   } finally {
-    await closeExtensionHarness(harness);
+    await harness.close();
   }
 });
 
@@ -872,11 +414,10 @@ test("Substack private_or_gated state updates when origin changes but slug stays
     const secondUrl = `https://beta.substack.com/p/${slug}`;
     const page = await harness.context.newPage();
 
-    await page.route(`${firstUrl}**`, async (route) => {
-      await route.fulfill({
-        status: 200,
-        contentType: "text/html",
-        body: `<!doctype html>
+    await servePage(
+      page,
+      firstUrl,
+      `<!doctype html>
 <html>
   <head><meta charset="utf-8" /><title>Alpha paywalled post</title></head>
   <body>
@@ -888,14 +429,12 @@ test("Substack private_or_gated state updates when origin changes but slug stays
     </main>
   </body>
 </html>`,
-      });
-    });
+    );
 
-    await page.route(`${secondUrl}**`, async (route) => {
-      await route.fulfill({
-        status: 200,
-        contentType: "text/html",
-        body: `<!doctype html>
+    await servePage(
+      page,
+      secondUrl,
+      `<!doctype html>
 <html>
   <head><meta charset="utf-8" /><title>Beta paywalled post</title></head>
   <body>
@@ -907,26 +446,23 @@ test("Substack private_or_gated state updates when origin changes but slug stays
     </main>
   </body>
 </html>`,
-      });
-    });
+    );
 
     await page.goto(firstUrl, { waitUntil: "domcontentloaded" });
-    await expectSkippedStatus(harness.serviceWorker, {
+    await expectSkippedStatus(harness, {
       platform: "SUBSTACK",
-      externalId: slug,
       reason: "private_or_gated",
       pageUrl: firstUrl,
     });
 
     await page.goto(secondUrl, { waitUntil: "domcontentloaded" });
-    await expectSkippedStatus(harness.serviceWorker, {
+    await expectSkippedStatus(harness, {
       platform: "SUBSTACK",
-      externalId: slug,
       reason: "private_or_gated",
       pageUrl: secondUrl,
     });
   } finally {
-    await closeExtensionHarness(harness);
+    await harness.close();
   }
 });
 
@@ -940,26 +476,19 @@ test("Wikipedia cached live-page fixture reaches a terminal skipped status", asy
     const page = await harness.context.newPage();
     const html = injectVideoIntoWikipediaFixtureHtml(fixture.html);
 
-    await page.route(`${url}**`, async (route) => {
-      await route.fulfill({
-        status: 200,
-        contentType: "text/html",
-        body: html,
-      });
-    });
+    await servePage(page, url, html);
 
     await page.goto(url, { waitUntil: "domcontentloaded" });
     // The fixture has injected video AND exceeds the 10K word count limit,
     // so either skip reason is valid. The test verifies that the extension
     // reaches a terminal SKIPPED status for this article without depending
     // on which skip condition is evaluated first.
-    await expectSkippedStatus(harness.serviceWorker, {
+    await expectSkippedStatus(harness, {
       platform: "WIKIPEDIA",
-      externalId: `${fixture.language}:${fixture.pageId}`,
       reason: ["has_video", "word_count"],
       pageUrl: url,
     });
   } finally {
-    await closeExtensionHarness(harness);
+    await harness.close();
   }
 });
diff --git a/src/typescript/extension/test/e2e/wikipedia-browser-parity.spec.ts b/src/typescript/extension/test/e2e/wikipedia-browser-parity.spec.ts
index 3849ca6..b8d704a 100644
--- a/src/typescript/extension/test/e2e/wikipedia-browser-parity.spec.ts
+++ b/src/typescript/extension/test/e2e/wikipedia-browser-parity.spec.ts
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ for (const fixtureKey of Object.values(E2E_WIKIPEDIA_FIXTURE_KEYS)) {
 
     // Launch a plain Chromium browser — no extension installed. We are
     // testing DOM extraction logic, not the full extension pipeline.
-    const browser = await chromium.launch({ headless: false });
+    const browser = await chromium.launch({ channel: "chromium", headless: true });
     const context = await browser.newContext();
 
     // Serve the captured fixture HTML for the Wikipedia article URL.
diff --git a/src/typescript/extension/test/e2e/wikipedia-fixtures.ts b/src/typescript/extension/test/e2e/wikipedia-fixtures.ts
index baab647..3a903b0 100644
--- a/src/typescript/extension/test/e2e/wikipedia-fixtures.ts
+++ b/src/typescript/extension/test/e2e/wikipedia-fixtures.ts
@@ -14,6 +14,11 @@ export const E2E_WIKIPEDIA_FIXTURE_KEYS = {
   OPENAI_PAGE_HTML: "wikipedia-openai-page-html-1",
   ALBERT_EINSTEIN_PAGE_HTML: "wikipedia-albert-einstein-page-html-1",
   CLIMATE_CHANGE_PAGE_HTML: "wikipedia-climate-change-page-html-1",
+  // Non-English articles, for the language-independent boilerplate exclusions
+  // (navboxes, authority control, person data, banners, portal bars) and
+  // localized appendix sections.
+  DE_MARIE_CURIE_PAGE_HTML: "wikipedia-de-marie-curie-page-html-1",
+  FR_MARIE_CURIE_PAGE_HTML: "wikipedia-fr-marie-curie-page-html-1",
 } as const;
 
 type E2eWikipediaFixtureKey =
@@ -44,6 +49,14 @@ const E2E_WIKIPEDIA_FIXTURE_DEFINITIONS: Record<
     fixtureKey: E2E_WIKIPEDIA_FIXTURE_KEYS.CLIMATE_CHANGE_PAGE_HTML,
     sourceUrl: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_change",
   },
+  [E2E_WIKIPEDIA_FIXTURE_KEYS.DE_MARIE_CURIE_PAGE_HTML]: {
+    fixtureKey: E2E_WIKIPEDIA_FIXTURE_KEYS.DE_MARIE_CURIE_PAGE_HTML,
+    sourceUrl: "https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Curie",
+  },
+  [E2E_WIKIPEDIA_FIXTURE_KEYS.FR_MARIE_CURIE_PAGE_HTML]: {
+    fixtureKey: E2E_WIKIPEDIA_FIXTURE_KEYS.FR_MARIE_CURIE_PAGE_HTML,
+    sourceUrl: "https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Curie",
+  },
 };
 
 export interface E2eWikipediaFixture {
diff --git a/src/typescript/extension/test/helpers/adapter-harness.ts b/src/typescript/extension/test/helpers/adapter-harness.ts
index ee8d115..ef665e8 100644
--- a/src/typescript/extension/test/helpers/adapter-harness.ts
+++ b/src/typescript/extension/test/helpers/adapter-harness.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import assert from "node:assert/strict";
 import { JSDOM } from "jsdom";
+import { installCheckVisibility } from "./dom.js";
 
 type AdapterExtractionResult =
   import("../../src/content/adapters/model.js").AdapterExtractionResult;
@@ -35,6 +36,7 @@ export function withWindow<T>(
   },
 ): T {
   const dom = new JSDOM(html, { url });
+  installCheckVisibility(dom.window);
 
   if (options?.globalSetup) {
     options.globalSetup(dom.window);
diff --git a/src/typescript/extension/test/helpers/chrome-mock.ts b/src/typescript/extension/test/helpers/chrome-mock.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7ca8bcf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/typescript/extension/test/helpers/chrome-mock.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
+/**
+ * A minimal `chrome` global for unit tests of modules that import
+ * `webextension-polyfill`. Install it before importing those modules; the
+ * polyfill wraps the object it finds at import time, so tests change the
+ * returned state rather than replacing the global.
+ */
+
+type Callback<T> = ((value: T) => void) | undefined;
+
+function reply<T>(value: T, callback: Callback<T>): Promise<T> | undefined {
+  if (typeof callback === "function") {
+    callback(value);
+    return undefined;
+  }
+  return Promise.resolve(value);
+}
+
+function storageArea(record: Record<string, unknown>) {
+  return {
+    get: (keys: unknown, callback?: Callback<Record<string, unknown>>) => {
+      const wanted =
+        keys === null || keys === undefined
+          ? Object.keys(record)
+          : Array.isArray(keys)
+            ? keys.filter((key): key is string => typeof key === "string")
+            : typeof keys === "string"
+              ? [keys]
+              : [];
+      const result: Record<string, unknown> = {};
+      for (const key of wanted) {
+        if (key in record) result[key] = record[key];
+      }
+      return reply(result, callback);
+    },
+    set: (items: Record<string, unknown>, callback?: Callback<undefined>) => {
+      Object.assign(record, items);
+      return reply(undefined, callback);
+    },
+    remove: (keys: unknown, callback?: Callback<undefined>) => {
+      const removed = Array.isArray(keys) ? keys : [keys];
+      for (const key of removed) {
+        if (typeof key === "string") Reflect.deleteProperty(record, key);
+      }
+      return reply(undefined, callback);
+    },
+  };
+}
+
+export interface ChromeMockState {
+  local: Record<string, unknown>;
+  session: Record<string, unknown>;
+  actionCalls: { method: string; details: unknown }[];
+  grantedOrigins: Set<string>;
+}
+
+export function installChromeMock(options: { version?: string } = {}): ChromeMockState {
+  const state: ChromeMockState = {
+    local: {},
+    session: {},
+    actionCalls: [],
+    grantedOrigins: new Set(["https://*/*"]),
+  };
+  const action = (method: string) => (details: unknown, callback?: Callback<undefined>) => {
+    state.actionCalls.push({ method, details });
+    return reply(undefined, callback);
+  };
+  const noopEvent = {
+    addListener: () => undefined,
+    removeListener: () => undefined,
+    hasListener: () => false,
+  };
+  (globalThis as { chrome?: unknown }).chrome = {
+    runtime: {
+      id: "test-extension",
+      getURL: (asset: string) => `chrome-extension://test-extension/${asset}`,
+      getManifest: () => ({ manifest_version: 3, version: options.version ?? "0.3.3" }),
+      onMessage: noopEvent,
+    },
+    storage: {
+      local: storageArea(state.local),
+      session: storageArea(state.session),
+      onChanged: noopEvent,
+    },
+    action: {
+      setIcon: action("setIcon"),
+      setTitle: action("setTitle"),
+      setBadgeText: action("setBadgeText"),
+      setBadgeBackgroundColor: action("setBadgeBackgroundColor"),
+    },
+    permissions: {
+      contains: (permissions: { origins?: string[] }, callback?: Callback<boolean>) =>
+        reply(
+          (permissions.origins ?? []).every(
+            (origin) => state.grantedOrigins.has(origin) || origin.startsWith("https://"),
+          ),
+          callback,
+        ),
+      request: (permissions: { origins?: string[] }, callback?: Callback<boolean>) => {
+        for (const origin of permissions.origins ?? []) state.grantedOrigins.add(origin);
+        return reply(true, callback);
+      },
+    },
+  };
+  return state;
+}
diff --git a/src/typescript/extension/test/helpers/dom.ts b/src/typescript/extension/test/helpers/dom.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..eb575ba
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/typescript/extension/test/helpers/dom.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+import { JSDOM } from "jsdom";
+
+const DOM_GLOBALS = [
+  "window",
+  "document",
+  "Node",
+  "Text",
+  "Element",
+  "HTMLElement",
+  "NodeFilter",
+  "MutationObserver",
+  "Range",
+] as const;
+
+function isRenderedInJsdom(domWindow: JSDOM["window"], element: Element): boolean {
+  for (let current: Element | null = element; current !== null; current = current.parentElement) {
+    if (current.hasAttribute("hidden")) return false;
+    const style = domWindow.getComputedStyle(current);
+    if (style.display === "none" || style.visibility === "hidden") return false;
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+/**
+ * jsdom has no layout and no `Element.checkVisibility`; approximate it from
+ * computed styles so adapter code runs unchanged under test.
+ */
+export function installCheckVisibility(domWindow: JSDOM["window"]): void {
+  Object.defineProperty(domWindow.Element.prototype, "checkVisibility", {
+    configurable: true,
+    value(this: Element): boolean {
+      return isRenderedInJsdom(domWindow, this);
+    },
+  });
+}
+
+/** Install a JSDOM document as the DOM globals until `restore` is called. */
+export function installDom(
+  html: string,
+  url = "https://example.com/",
+): { document: Document; restore: () => void } {
+  const dom = new JSDOM(html, { url });
+  installCheckVisibility(dom.window);
+  const scope = globalThis as Record<string, unknown>;
+  const windowScope = dom.window as unknown as Record<string, unknown>;
+  const previous = new Map<string, { had: boolean; value: unknown }>();
+  for (const name of DOM_GLOBALS) {
+    previous.set(name, { had: Object.hasOwn(scope, name), value: scope[name] });
+    scope[name] =
+      name === "window"
+        ? dom.window
+        : name === "document"
+          ? dom.window.document
+          : windowScope[name];
+  }
+  return {
+    document: dom.window.document,
+    restore: () => {
+      for (const [name, saved] of previous) {
+        if (saved.had) scope[name] = saved.value;
+        else Reflect.deleteProperty(scope, name);
+      }
+      dom.window.close();
+    },
+  };
+}
+
+/** Run `run` with a JSDOM document installed as the DOM globals, then restore them. */
+export function withDom<T>(
+  html: string,
+  run: (document: Document) => T,
+  url = "https://example.com/",
+): T {
+  const installed = installDom(html, url);
+  try {
+    return run(installed.document);
+  } finally {
+    installed.restore();
+  }
+}
+
+export function requireElement(document: Document, selector: string): Element {
+  const element = document.querySelector(selector);
+  if (element === null) throw new Error(`Missing ${selector} in test fixture`);
+  return element;
+}
diff --git a/src/typescript/extension/test/helpers/statuses.ts b/src/typescript/extension/test/helpers/statuses.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1fb752e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/typescript/extension/test/helpers/statuses.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+import {
+  claimIdSchema,
+  investigationIdSchema,
+  tabSessionIdSchema,
+  xExternalIdSchema,
+  type ExtensionPostStatus,
+  type ExtensionSkippedStatus,
+  type InvestigationClaim,
+  type InvestigationId,
+  type TabSessionId,
+} from "@openerrata/shared";
+
+/** A deterministic, valid tab session id for test number `n`. */
+export function sessionId(n: number): TabSessionId {
+  return tabSessionIdSchema.parse(`00000000-0000-4000-8000-${n.toString(16).padStart(12, "0")}`);
+}
+
+export function investigationId(value: string): InvestigationId {
+  return investigationIdSchema.parse(value);
+}
+
+export function claim(text: string, id = "claim-1"): InvestigationClaim {
+  return {
+    id: claimIdSchema.parse(id),
+    text,
+    context: text,
+    summary: `Summary of ${text}`,
+    reasoning: "Reasoning",
+    sources: [{ url: "https://example.com/source", title: "Source", snippet: "Snippet" }],
+  };
+}
+
+const page = {
+  kind: "POST" as const,
+  platform: "X" as const,
+  externalId: xExternalIdSchema.parse("123"),
+  pageUrl: "https://x.com/example/status/123",
+};
+
+export function notInvestigatedStatus(tabSessionId: TabSessionId): ExtensionPostStatus {
+  return {
+    ...page,
+    tabSessionId,
+    investigationState: "NOT_INVESTIGATED",
+    priorInvestigationResult: null,
+  };
+}
+
+export function investigatingStatus(
+  tabSessionId: TabSessionId,
+  id = investigationId("investigation-1"),
+): Extract<ExtensionPostStatus, { investigationState: "INVESTIGATING" }> {
+  return {
+    ...page,
+    tabSessionId,
+    investigationState: "INVESTIGATING",
+    investigationId: id,
+    status: "PENDING",
+    provenance: "CLIENT_FALLBACK",
+    pendingClaims: [],
+    confirmedClaims: [],
+    priorInvestigationResult: null,
+  };
+}
+
+export function investigatedStatus(
+  tabSessionId: TabSessionId,
+  claims: InvestigationClaim[] = [],
+  id = investigationId("investigation-1"),
+): ExtensionPostStatus {
+  return {
+    ...page,
+    tabSessionId,
+    investigationState: "INVESTIGATED",
+    investigationId: id,
+    provenance: "CLIENT_FALLBACK",
+    claims,
+  };
+}
+
+export function skippedStatus(tabSessionId: TabSessionId): ExtensionSkippedStatus {
+  return {
+    kind: "SKIPPED",
+    tabSessionId,
+    platform: "X",
+    pageUrl: page.pageUrl,
+    reason: "has_video",
+  };
+}
diff --git a/src/typescript/extension/test/unit/adapter-utils.test.ts b/src/typescript/extension/test/unit/adapter-utils.test.ts
index d28e23d..3c41916 100644
--- a/src/typescript/extension/test/unit/adapter-utils.test.ts
+++ b/src/typescript/extension/test/unit/adapter-utils.test.ts
@@ -1,13 +1,15 @@
 import assert from "node:assert/strict";
 import { test } from "node:test";
-import { JSDOM } from "jsdom";
 import {
-  extractContentWithImageOccurrencesFromRoot,
-  extractImageUrlsFromRoot,
+  detachedImageOccurrences,
+  extractContent,
   readFirstMetaDateAsIso,
   readFirstTimeDateAsIso,
   readPublishedDateFromJsonLd,
+  serializeContentHtml,
+  toTransportableHtml,
 } from "../../src/content/adapters/utils";
+import { requireElement, withDom } from "../helpers/dom";
 
 function makeMetaElement(content: string | null): Element {
   return {
@@ -60,23 +62,6 @@ function makeTimeRoot(datetime: string | null | undefined): ParentNode {
   } as unknown as ParentNode;
 }
 
-function makeImageRoot(
-  srcValues: (string | null | undefined)[],
-  expectedSelector = "img[src]",
-): ParentNode {
-  return {
-    querySelectorAll(selector: string) {
-      assert.equal(selector, expectedSelector);
-
-      return srcValues.map((src) => ({
-        getAttribute(name: string) {
-          return name === "src" ? (src ?? null) : null;
-        },
-      })) as unknown as NodeListOf<HTMLImageElement>;
-    },
-  } as unknown as ParentNode;
-}
-
 test("readPublishedDateFromJsonLd respects candidate-key priority", () => {
   const document = makeDocumentStub({
     scripts: [
@@ -141,63 +126,91 @@ test("readFirstTimeDateAsIso scans roots in order and skips invalid timestamps",
   assert.equal(publishedAt, "2025-09-10T11:12:13.000Z");
 });
 
-test("extractImageUrlsFromRoot normalizes, deduplicates, and filters invalid sources", () => {
-  const root = makeImageRoot([
-    "/images/a.png",
-    "https://cdn.example.com/a.jpg",
-    " data:image/png;base64,abc123 ",
-    "/images/a.png",
-    "http://[::1",
-    "",
-    null,
-  ]);
-
-  const imageUrls = extractImageUrlsFromRoot(root, "https://example.com/posts/123");
-
-  assert.deepEqual(imageUrls, [
-    "https://example.com/images/a.png",
-    "https://cdn.example.com/a.jpg",
-  ]);
+const POST_URL = "https://example.com/post/1";
+const noExclusions = { exclude: () => false, imageSelector: "img[src]", baseUrl: POST_URL };
+
+test("extractContent keeps every image occurrence at its text offset, skipping unusable sources", () => {
+  withDom(
+    '<div id="root">AA<img src="/one.png" />BB<img src="/one.png" /><img src=" data:image/png;base64,abc " />CC</div>',
+    (document) => {
+      const extracted = extractContent(requireElement(document, "#root"), noExclusions);
+      assert.equal(extracted.contentText, "AABBCC");
+      assert.deepEqual(extracted.imageOccurrences, [
+        { originalIndex: 0, normalizedTextOffset: 2, sourceUrl: "https://example.com/one.png" },
+        { originalIndex: 1, normalizedTextOffset: 4, sourceUrl: "https://example.com/one.png" },
+      ]);
+    },
+    POST_URL,
+  );
 });
 
-test("extractContentWithImageOccurrencesFromRoot keeps duplicate occurrences but unique imageUrls", () => {
-  const dom = new JSDOM(
-    `<!doctype html><html><body><div id="root">AA<img src="/one.png" />BB<img src="/one.png" />CC</div></body></html>`,
-    { url: "https://example.com/post/1" },
-  );
-  const root = dom.window.document.querySelector("#root");
-  assert.ok(root);
-
-  const extracted = extractContentWithImageOccurrencesFromRoot(root, "https://example.com/post/1");
-
-  assert.equal(extracted.contentText, "AABBCC");
-  assert.deepEqual(extracted.imageUrls, ["https://example.com/one.png"]);
-  assert.deepEqual(extracted.imageOccurrences, [
-    {
-      originalIndex: 0,
-      normalizedTextOffset: 2,
-      sourceUrl: "https://example.com/one.png",
+test("extractContent caption precedence is figcaption > alt > title", () => {
+  withDom(
+    '<div id="root">A<img src="/a.png" alt="alt-a" title="title-a" /><figure><img src="/b.png" alt="alt-b" title="title-b" /><figcaption>  fig-b  </figcaption></figure><img src="/c.png" title="title-c" />Z</div>',
+    (document) => {
+      const extracted = extractContent(requireElement(document, "#root"), noExclusions);
+      assert.deepEqual(
+        extracted.imageOccurrences.map((occurrence) => occurrence.captionText),
+        ["alt-a", "fig-b", "title-c"],
+      );
     },
-    {
-      originalIndex: 1,
-      normalizedTextOffset: 4,
-      sourceUrl: "https://example.com/one.png",
-    },
-  ]);
+    POST_URL,
+  );
 });
 
-test("extractContentWithImageOccurrencesFromRoot caption precedence is figcaption > alt > title", () => {
-  const dom = new JSDOM(
-    `<!doctype html><html><body><div id="root">A<img src="/a.png" alt="alt-a" title="title-a" /><figure><img src="/b.png" alt="alt-b" title="title-b" /><figcaption>  fig-b  </figcaption></figure><img src="/c.png" title="title-c" />Z</div></body></html>`,
-    { url: "https://example.com/post/1" },
+test("extractContent leaves script and style text out, like the API's canonical text", () => {
+  withDom(
+    '<div id="root"><p>Kept.</p><script>window.tracking = 1;</script><style>.x{}</style><noscript>Enable JS</noscript></div>',
+    (document) => {
+      assert.equal(
+        extractContent(requireElement(document, "#root"), noExclusions).contentText,
+        "Kept.",
+      );
+    },
   );
-  const root = dom.window.document.querySelector("#root");
-  assert.ok(root);
+});
 
-  const extracted = extractContentWithImageOccurrencesFromRoot(root, "https://example.com/post/1");
+test("serializeContentHtml strips highlight marks and excluded subtrees from the snapshot only", () => {
+  withDom(
+    '<div id="root"><p>The <mark class="openerrata-annotation" data-openerrata-claim-id="c1">moon is cheese</mark>.</p><div class="callout">Linkpost</div><script>x()</script></div>',
+    (document) => {
+      const root = requireElement(document, "#root");
+      const html = serializeContentHtml(
+        root,
+        () => (element) => element.classList.contains("callout"),
+      );
+      assert.equal(html, "<p>The moon is cheese.</p>");
+      // The live page keeps its highlight.
+      assert.equal(root.querySelectorAll("mark").length, 1);
+    },
+  );
+});
 
-  assert.deepEqual(
-    extracted.imageOccurrences.map((occurrence) => occurrence.captionText),
-    ["alt-a", "fig-b", "title-c"],
+test("detachedImageOccurrences places images outside the text root at a fixed offset", () => {
+  withDom(
+    '<article><div data-testid="tweetPhoto"><img src="https://pbs.twimg.com/media/a.jpg" alt="Photo" /></div><img src="https://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/me.jpg" /></article>',
+    (document) => {
+      assert.deepEqual(
+        detachedImageOccurrences(requireElement(document, "article"), {
+          imageSelector: '[data-testid="tweetPhoto"] img',
+          baseUrl: "https://x.com",
+          normalizedTextOffset: 12,
+        }),
+        [
+          {
+            originalIndex: 0,
+            normalizedTextOffset: 12,
+            sourceUrl: "https://pbs.twimg.com/media/a.jpg",
+            captionText: "Photo",
+          },
+        ],
+      );
+    },
   );
 });
+
+test("toTransportableHtml omits empty and oversized snapshots", () => {
+  assert.equal(toTransportableHtml("", 10), undefined);
+  assert.equal(toTransportableHtml("<p>ok</p>", 10), "<p>ok</p>");
+  assert.equal(toTransportableHtml("<p>too long</p>", 10), undefined);
+});
diff --git a/src/typescript/extension/test/unit/api-error-code.test.ts b/src/typescript/extension/test/unit/api-error-code.test.ts
index 831c0d9..f6d0220 100644
--- a/src/typescript/extension/test/unit/api-error-code.test.ts
+++ b/src/typescript/extension/test/unit/api-error-code.test.ts
@@ -27,10 +27,10 @@ test("extractApiErrorCode reads openerrataCode from nested shape data", () => {
   assert.equal(
     extractApiErrorCode({
       shape: {
-        data: { openerrataCode: "UNSUPPORTED_PROTOCOL_VERSION" },
+        data: { openerrataCode: "MALFORMED_EXTENSION_VERSION" },
       },
     }),
-    "UNSUPPORTED_PROTOCOL_VERSION",
+    "MALFORMED_EXTENSION_VERSION",
   );
 });
 
diff --git a/src/typescript/extension/test/unit/background-api-client-core.test.ts b/src/typescript/extension/test/unit/background-api-client-core.test.ts
index afff323..6f56d63 100644
--- a/src/typescript/extension/test/unit/background-api-client-core.test.ts
+++ b/src/typescript/extension/test/unit/background-api-client-core.test.ts
@@ -3,11 +3,9 @@ import { test } from "node:test";
 import { EXTENSION_TRPC_PATH } from "@openerrata/shared";
 import { ApiClientError } from "../../src/background/api-client-error";
 import {
-  BUNDLED_ATTESTATION_SECRET,
   EXTENSION_VERSION_HEADER_NAME,
   TRPC_REQUEST_BODY_LIMIT_BYTES,
   assertTrpcResponseAccepted,
-  attestationSecretFor,
   buildTrpcRequestInit,
   clientKeyFor,
   shouldIncludeUserOpenAiKeyHeader,
@@ -17,20 +15,8 @@ const BASE_SETTINGS = {
   apiBaseUrl: "https://api.openerrata.com",
   apiKey: "",
   openaiApiKey: "",
-  hmacSecret: "",
 };
 
-test("attestationSecretFor uses configured secret when non-empty, else bundled default", () => {
-  assert.equal(
-    attestationSecretFor({
-      ...BASE_SETTINGS,
-      hmacSecret: "  secret-1  ",
-    }),
-    "secret-1",
-  );
-  assert.equal(attestationSecretFor(BASE_SETTINGS), BUNDLED_ATTESTATION_SECRET);
-});
-
 test("clientKeyFor includes OpenAI key only when investigate-now header is enabled", () => {
   const settings = {
     ...BASE_SETTINGS,
@@ -38,14 +24,8 @@ test("clientKeyFor includes OpenAI key only when investigate-now header is enabl
     openaiApiKey: "  sk-user-key  ",
   };
 
-  assert.equal(
-    clientKeyFor(settings, false),
-    "https://api.openerrata.com|api-key||openerrata-attestation-v1",
-  );
-  assert.equal(
-    clientKeyFor(settings, true),
-    "https://api.openerrata.com|api-key|sk-user-key|openerrata-attestation-v1",
-  );
+  assert.equal(clientKeyFor(settings, false), "https://api.openerrata.com|api-key|");
+  assert.equal(clientKeyFor(settings, true), "https://api.openerrata.com|api-key|sk-user-key");
 });
 
 test("shouldIncludeUserOpenAiKeyHeader only enables user OpenAI key for investigateNow", () => {
@@ -58,11 +38,10 @@ test("shouldIncludeUserOpenAiKeyHeader only enables user OpenAI key for investig
   assert.equal(shouldIncludeUserOpenAiKeyHeader(EXTENSION_TRPC_PATH.VALIDATE_SETTINGS), false);
 });
 
-test("buildTrpcRequestInit signs string body and adds API headers", async () => {
+test("buildTrpcRequestInit adds API headers and keeps the request body", () => {
   const abortController = new AbortController();
-  const calls: { secret: string; body: string }[] = [];
   const body = '{"foo":"bar"}';
-  const requestInit = await buildTrpcRequestInit({
+  const requestInit = buildTrpcRequestInit({
     init: {
       method: "POST",
       body,
@@ -78,10 +57,6 @@ test("buildTrpcRequestInit signs string body and adds API headers", async () =>
     },
     includeUserOpenAiHeader: true,
     extensionVersion: "0.1.4",
-    computeHmac: async (secret, requestBody) => {
-      calls.push({ secret, body: requestBody });
-      return "sig-123";
-    },
   });
 
   const headers = new Headers(requestInit.headers);
@@ -89,22 +64,14 @@ test("buildTrpcRequestInit signs string body and adds API headers", async () =>
   assert.equal(headers.get("x-api-key"), "api-key-1");
   assert.equal(headers.get("x-openai-api-key"), "sk-user-1");
   assert.equal(headers.get(EXTENSION_VERSION_HEADER_NAME), "0.1.4");
-  assert.equal(headers.get("x-openerrata-signature"), "sig-123");
 
   assert.equal(requestInit.method, "POST");
   assert.equal(requestInit.body, body);
   assert.equal(requestInit.signal, abortController.signal);
-  assert.deepEqual(calls, [
-    {
-      secret: BUNDLED_ATTESTATION_SECRET,
-      body,
-    },
-  ]);
 });
 
-test("buildTrpcRequestInit omits signature and OpenAI header when body or flags do not require them", async () => {
-  let computeCalled = false;
-  const requestInit = await buildTrpcRequestInit({
+test("buildTrpcRequestInit omits the OpenAI header unless requested", () => {
+  const requestInit = buildTrpcRequestInit({
     init: {
       method: "POST",
       body: "",
@@ -116,59 +83,51 @@ test("buildTrpcRequestInit omits signature and OpenAI header when body or flags
     },
     includeUserOpenAiHeader: false,
     extensionVersion: "0.1.4",
-    computeHmac: async () => {
-      computeCalled = true;
-      return "sig-ignored";
-    },
   });
 
   const headers = new Headers(requestInit.headers);
   assert.equal(headers.get("x-api-key"), "api-key-2");
   assert.equal(headers.get("x-openai-api-key"), null);
   assert.equal(headers.get(EXTENSION_VERSION_HEADER_NAME), "0.1.4");
-  assert.equal(headers.get("x-openerrata-signature"), null);
-  assert.equal(computeCalled, false);
 });
 
-test("buildTrpcRequestInit omits extension version header when extensionVersion is empty", async () => {
-  const requestInit = await buildTrpcRequestInit({
+test("buildTrpcRequestInit omits extension version header when extensionVersion is empty", () => {
+  const requestInit = buildTrpcRequestInit({
     init: { method: "GET" },
     settings: BASE_SETTINGS,
     includeUserOpenAiHeader: false,
     extensionVersion: "",
-    computeHmac: async () => "sig-never",
   });
 
   const headers = new Headers(requestInit.headers);
   assert.equal(headers.get(EXTENSION_VERSION_HEADER_NAME), null);
 });
 
-test("buildTrpcRequestInit omits extension version header when extensionVersion is whitespace-only", async () => {
-  const requestInit = await buildTrpcRequestInit({
+test("buildTrpcRequestInit omits extension version header when extensionVersion is whitespace-only", () => {
+  const requestInit = buildTrpcRequestInit({
     init: { method: "GET" },
     settings: BASE_SETTINGS,
     includeUserOpenAiHeader: false,
     extensionVersion: "   ",
-    computeHmac: async () => "sig-never",
   });
 
   const headers = new Headers(requestInit.headers);
   assert.equal(headers.get(EXTENSION_VERSION_HEADER_NAME), null);
 });
 
-test("buildTrpcRequestInit rejects oversized payloads with PAYLOAD_TOO_LARGE", async () => {
-  await assert.rejects(
-    buildTrpcRequestInit({
-      init: {
-        method: "POST",
-        body: '{"too":"large"}',
-      },
-      settings: BASE_SETTINGS,
-      includeUserOpenAiHeader: false,
-      extensionVersion: "0.1.4",
-      computeHmac: async () => "sig-never",
-      utf8Length: () => TRPC_REQUEST_BODY_LIMIT_BYTES + 1,
-    }),
+test("buildTrpcRequestInit rejects oversized payloads with PAYLOAD_TOO_LARGE", () => {
+  assert.throws(
+    () =>
+      buildTrpcRequestInit({
+        init: {
+          method: "POST",
+          body: '{"too":"large"}',
+        },
+        settings: BASE_SETTINGS,
+        includeUserOpenAiHeader: false,
+        extensionVersion: "0.1.4",
+        utf8Length: () => TRPC_REQUEST_BODY_LIMIT_BYTES + 1,
+      }),
     (error: unknown) => {
       assert.ok(error instanceof ApiClientError);
       assert.equal(error.errorCode, "PAYLOAD_TOO_LARGE");
diff --git a/src/typescript/extension/test/unit/background-browser-compat.test.ts b/src/typescript/extension/test/unit/background-browser-compat.test.ts
index 72a7383..0664b56 100644
--- a/src/typescript/extension/test/unit/background-browser-compat.test.ts
+++ b/src/typescript/extension/test/unit/background-browser-compat.test.ts
@@ -38,6 +38,7 @@ const browserCompatState: {
 
 const domContentLoadedEvent = createNavigationEventMock();
 const historyStateUpdatedEvent = createNavigationEventMock();
+const committedEvent = createNavigationEventMock();
 
 const chromeMock = {
   runtime: {
@@ -63,6 +64,7 @@ const chromeMock = {
     },
   },
   webNavigation: {
+    onCommitted: committedEvent,
     onDOMContentLoaded: domContentLoadedEvent,
     onHistoryStateUpdated: historyStateUpdatedEvent,
   },
@@ -76,12 +78,14 @@ function installChromeMock(input: { executeScriptResult?: { result?: unknown }[]
   browserCompatState.insertCssCalls.length = 0;
   domContentLoadedEvent.listeners.length = 0;
   historyStateUpdatedEvent.listeners.length = 0;
+  committedEvent.listeners.length = 0;
 
   return {
     executeScriptCalls: browserCompatState.executeScriptCalls,
     insertCssCalls: browserCompatState.insertCssCalls,
     domContentLoadedListeners: domContentLoadedEvent.listeners,
     historyStateUpdatedListeners: historyStateUpdatedEvent.listeners,
+    committedListeners: committedEvent.listeners,
   };
 }
 
@@ -137,36 +141,34 @@ test("injectTabAssets runs script and CSS injection for a tab", async () => {
   ]);
 });
 
-test("navigation listeners forward event details to callbacks", async () => {
+test("navigation listeners forward top-frame navigations only", async () => {
   const mocks = installChromeMock({});
-  const { addDomContentLoadedListener, addHistoryStateUpdatedListener } =
-    await importBrowserCompat();
-  const domCalls: NavigationDetails[] = [];
-  const historyCalls: NavigationDetails[] = [];
-
-  addDomContentLoadedListener((details) => {
-    domCalls.push(details);
-  });
-  addHistoryStateUpdatedListener((details) => {
-    historyCalls.push(details);
-  });
-
-  const domPayload = {
-    frameId: 0,
-    tabId: 8,
-    url: "https://example.com/dom",
-  };
-  const historyPayload = {
-    frameId: 1,
-    tabId: 9,
-    url: "https://example.com/history",
-  };
-
-  assert.equal(mocks.domContentLoadedListeners.length, 1);
-  assert.equal(mocks.historyStateUpdatedListeners.length, 1);
-  mocks.domContentLoadedListeners[0]?.(domPayload);
-  mocks.historyStateUpdatedListeners[0]?.(historyPayload);
+  const {
+    addMainFrameCommittedListener,
+    addMainFrameDomContentLoadedListener,
+    addMainFrameHistoryStateUpdatedListener,
+  } = await importBrowserCompat();
+  const calls: { event: string; details: NavigationDetails }[] = [];
+
+  addMainFrameCommittedListener((details) => calls.push({ event: "committed", details }));
+  addMainFrameDomContentLoadedListener((details) => calls.push({ event: "dom", details }));
+  addMainFrameHistoryStateUpdatedListener((details) => calls.push({ event: "history", details }));
+
+  const topFrame = { frameId: 0, tabId: 8, url: "https://example.com/page" };
+  const subFrame = { frameId: 3, tabId: 8, url: "https://ads.example.com/frame" };
+  for (const listeners of [
+    mocks.committedListeners,
+    mocks.domContentLoadedListeners,
+    mocks.historyStateUpdatedListeners,
+  ]) {
+    assert.equal(listeners.length, 1);
+    listeners[0]?.(subFrame);
+    listeners[0]?.(topFrame);
+  }
 
-  assert.deepEqual(domCalls, [domPayload]);
-  assert.deepEqual(historyCalls, [historyPayload]);
+  assert.deepEqual(calls, [
+    { event: "committed", details: topFrame },
+    { event: "dom", details: topFrame },
+    { event: "history", details: topFrame },
+  ]);
 });
diff --git a/src/typescript/extension/test/unit/background-cache-lifecycle.fuzz.test.ts b/src/typescript/extension/test/unit/background-cache-lifecycle.fuzz.test.ts
deleted file mode 100644
index a239508..0000000
--- a/src/typescript/extension/test/unit/background-cache-lifecycle.fuzz.test.ts
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,324 +0,0 @@
-import assert from "node:assert/strict";
-import { test } from "node:test";
-import type {
-  ExtensionPageStatus,
-  ExtensionPostStatus,
-  ExtensionSkippedReason,
-  ExtensionSkippedStatus,
-  Platform,
-} from "@openerrata/shared";
-import { extensionPostStatusSchema, extensionSkippedStatusSchema } from "@openerrata/shared";
-import { createTabStatusCacheStore } from "../../src/background/cache-store";
-import { createDeterministicRandom, randomChance, randomInt } from "../helpers/fuzz-utils";
-
-interface ModelRecord {
-  activePostStatus: ExtensionPostStatus | null;
-  skippedStatus: ExtensionSkippedStatus | null;
-}
-
-function emptyModelRecord(): ModelRecord {
-  return {
-    activePostStatus: null,
-    skippedStatus: null,
-  };
-}
-
-function expectedStatusFor(model: ModelRecord): ExtensionPageStatus | null {
-  if (model.skippedStatus !== null) {
-    return model.skippedStatus;
-  }
-  return model.activePostStatus;
-}
-
-function createPostStatus(input: {
-  tabSessionId: number;
-  platform: Platform;
-  externalId: string;
-  pageUrl: string;
-  investigationState: ExtensionPostStatus["investigationState"];
-  investigationId?: string;
-}): ExtensionPostStatus {
-  const base = {
-    kind: "POST",
-    tabSessionId: input.tabSessionId,
-    platform: input.platform,
-    externalId: input.externalId,
-    pageUrl: input.pageUrl,
-    ...(input.investigationId === undefined ? {} : { investigationId: input.investigationId }),
-  } as const;
-
-  if (input.investigationState === "INVESTIGATING") {
-    return extensionPostStatusSchema.parse({
-      ...base,
-      investigationState: "INVESTIGATING",
-      status: "PENDING",
-      provenance: "CLIENT_FALLBACK",
-      pendingClaims: [],
-      confirmedClaims: [],
-      priorInvestigationResult: null,
-    });
-  }
-
-  if (input.investigationState === "INVESTIGATED") {
-    return extensionPostStatusSchema.parse({
-      ...base,
-      investigationState: "INVESTIGATED",
-      provenance: "CLIENT_FALLBACK",
-      claims: [],
-    });
-  }
-
-  if (input.investigationState === "NOT_INVESTIGATED") {
-    return extensionPostStatusSchema.parse({
-      ...base,
-      investigationState: "NOT_INVESTIGATED",
-      priorInvestigationResult: null,
-    });
-  }
-
-  return extensionPostStatusSchema.parse({
-    ...base,
-    investigationState: "FAILED",
-    provenance: "CLIENT_FALLBACK",
-  });
-}
-
-function createSkippedStatus(input: {
-  tabSessionId: number;
-  platform: Platform;
-  externalId: string;
-  pageUrl: string;
-  reason: ExtensionSkippedReason;
-}): ExtensionSkippedStatus {
-  return extensionSkippedStatusSchema.parse({
-    kind: "SKIPPED",
-    tabSessionId: input.tabSessionId,
-    platform: input.platform,
-    externalId: input.externalId,
-    pageUrl: input.pageUrl,
-    reason: input.reason,
-  });
-}
-
-function matchesActiveStatus(
-  activeStatus: ExtensionPostStatus,
-  incomingStatus: ExtensionPostStatus,
-): boolean {
-  if (activeStatus.tabSessionId !== incomingStatus.tabSessionId) {
-    return false;
-  }
-
-  if (
-    activeStatus.platform !== incomingStatus.platform ||
-    activeStatus.externalId !== incomingStatus.externalId ||
-    activeStatus.pageUrl !== incomingStatus.pageUrl
-  ) {
-    return false;
-  }
-
-  if (activeStatus.investigationId !== undefined && incomingStatus.investigationId !== undefined) {
-    return activeStatus.investigationId === incomingStatus.investigationId;
-  }
-
-  return true;
-}
-
-function statusForBadge(status: ExtensionPageStatus | null): ExtensionPostStatus | null {
-  if (status?.kind === "POST") {
-    return status;
-  }
-  return null;
-}
-
-function pickRandom<T>(items: readonly T[], random: () => number): T {
-  const index = randomInt(random, 0, items.length - 1);
-  const selected = items[index];
-  if (selected === undefined) {
-    throw new Error(`Expected an item at index ${index.toString()}`);
-  }
-  return selected;
-}
-
-test("randomized tab-cache lifecycle preserves cache and badge invariants", async () => {
-  const random = createDeterministicRandom(0x47c19a2b);
-  const knownPlatforms: Platform[] = ["X", "LESSWRONG", "SUBSTACK", "WIKIPEDIA"];
-  const knownSkipReasons: ExtensionSkippedReason[] = [
-    "word_count",
-    "unsupported_content",
-    "has_video",
-    "no_text",
-    "private_or_gated",
-  ];
-
-  const persistedStorage = new Map<string, unknown>();
-  const openTabs = new Set<number>([1, 2, 3]);
-  const badgeByTab = new Map<number, ExtensionPostStatus | null>();
-  const warnings: unknown[][] = [];
-
-  const cacheStore = createTabStatusCacheStore({
-    browserApi: {
-      storage: {
-        local: {
-          async get(key: string) {
-            return {
-              [key]: persistedStorage.get(key),
-            };
-          },
-          async set(items: Record<string, unknown>) {
-            for (const [key, value] of Object.entries(items)) {
-              persistedStorage.set(key, value);
-            }
-          },
-          async remove(key: string) {
-            persistedStorage.delete(key);
-          },
-        },
-      },
-      tabs: {
-        async query() {
-          return Array.from(openTabs, (id) => ({ id }));
-        },
-      },
-    },
-    updateBadge(tabId, status) {
-      badgeByTab.set(tabId, status);
-    },
-    warn(...args: unknown[]) {
-      warnings.push(args);
-    },
-  });
-
-  const modelByTab = new Map<number, ModelRecord>();
-
-  function modelFor(tabId: number): ModelRecord {
-    const existing = modelByTab.get(tabId);
-    if (existing) return existing;
-    const created = emptyModelRecord();
-    modelByTab.set(tabId, created);
-    return created;
-  }
-
-  const rounds = 12;
-  const operationsPerRound = 120;
-
-  for (let round = 0; round < rounds; round += 1) {
-    for (let step = 0; step < operationsPerRound; step += 1) {
-      const tabId = randomInt(random, 1, 8);
-      const model = modelFor(tabId);
-      const operation = randomInt(random, 0, 8);
-
-      if (operation === 0) {
-        openTabs.add(tabId);
-      } else if (operation === 1) {
-        openTabs.delete(tabId);
-      } else if (operation === 2) {
-        const platform = pickRandom(knownPlatforms, random);
-        const externalId = `${platform.toLowerCase()}-${round.toString()}-${step.toString()}`;
-        const pageUrl = `https://example.test/${platform.toLowerCase()}/${externalId}`;
-        const investigationState: ExtensionPostStatus["investigationState"] = randomChance(
-          random,
-          0.5,
-        )
-          ? "INVESTIGATING"
-          : "INVESTIGATED";
-        const postStatus = createPostStatus({
-          tabSessionId: randomInt(random, 1, 4),
-          platform,
-          externalId,
-          pageUrl,
-          investigationState,
-          ...(randomChance(random, 0.4)
-            ? { investigationId: `inv-${round.toString()}-${step.toString()}` }
-            : {}),
-        });
-
-        await cacheStore.cachePostStatus(tabId, postStatus);
-        model.activePostStatus = postStatus;
-        model.skippedStatus = null;
-        assert.deepEqual(badgeByTab.get(tabId), postStatus);
-      } else if (operation === 3) {
-        const existingActive = model.activePostStatus;
-        const platform = existingActive?.platform ?? pickRandom(knownPlatforms, random);
-        const externalId =
-          existingActive?.externalId ??
-          `${platform.toLowerCase()}-candidate-${round.toString()}-${step.toString()}`;
-        const pageUrl =
-          existingActive?.pageUrl ?? `https://example.test/${platform.toLowerCase()}/${externalId}`;
-
-        const candidate = createPostStatus({
-          tabSessionId: randomChance(random, 0.7)
-            ? (existingActive?.tabSessionId ?? randomInt(random, 1, 5))
-            : randomInt(random, 6, 9),
-          platform,
-          externalId,
-          pageUrl,
-          investigationState: randomChance(random, 0.5) ? "INVESTIGATING" : "INVESTIGATED",
-          ...(randomChance(random, 0.5) && existingActive?.investigationId !== undefined
-            ? { investigationId: existingActive.investigationId }
-            : {}),
-        });
-
-        const badgeBefore = badgeByTab.get(tabId);
-        await cacheStore.cachePostStatus(tabId, candidate, { setActive: false });
-
-        const shouldApply =
-          existingActive !== null && matchesActiveStatus(existingActive, candidate);
-        if (shouldApply) {
-          model.activePostStatus = candidate;
-          assert.deepEqual(badgeByTab.get(tabId), candidate);
-        } else {
-          assert.deepEqual(badgeByTab.get(tabId), badgeBefore);
-        }
-      } else if (operation === 4) {
-        const platform = pickRandom(knownPlatforms, random);
-        const externalId = `${platform.toLowerCase()}-skip-${round.toString()}-${step.toString()}`;
-        const reason = pickRandom(knownSkipReasons, random);
-        const skippedStatus = createSkippedStatus({
-          tabSessionId: randomInt(random, 1, 6),
-          platform,
-          externalId,
-          pageUrl: `https://example.test/${platform.toLowerCase()}/${externalId}`,
-          reason,
-        });
-
-        await cacheStore.cacheSkippedStatus(tabId, skippedStatus);
-        model.activePostStatus = null;
-        model.skippedStatus = skippedStatus;
-        assert.equal(badgeByTab.get(tabId), null);
-      } else if (operation === 5) {
-        await cacheStore.clearActiveStatus(tabId);
-        model.activePostStatus = null;
-        model.skippedStatus = null;
-        assert.equal(badgeByTab.get(tabId), null);
-      } else if (operation === 6) {
-        cacheStore.clearCache(tabId);
-        model.activePostStatus = null;
-        model.skippedStatus = null;
-        assert.equal(badgeByTab.get(tabId), null);
-      } else if (operation === 7) {
-        const observed = await cacheStore.getActiveStatus(tabId);
-        assert.deepEqual(observed, expectedStatusFor(model));
-      } else {
-        await cacheStore.syncToolbarBadgesForOpenTabs();
-        for (const openTabId of openTabs) {
-          const expected = statusForBadge(expectedStatusFor(modelFor(openTabId)));
-          assert.deepEqual(badgeByTab.get(openTabId) ?? null, expected);
-        }
-      }
-
-      if (step % 15 === 0) {
-        const allKnownTabs = new Set<number>([
-          ...openTabs,
-          ...modelByTab.keys(),
-          ...badgeByTab.keys(),
-        ]);
-        for (const knownTabId of allKnownTabs) {
-          const observed = await cacheStore.getActiveStatus(knownTabId);
-          assert.deepEqual(observed, expectedStatusFor(modelFor(knownTabId)));
-        }
-      }
-    }
-  }
-
-  assert.deepEqual(warnings, []);
-});
diff --git a/src/typescript/extension/test/unit/background-cache-module.test.ts b/src/typescript/extension/test/unit/background-cache-module.test.ts
deleted file mode 100644
index 31fb8de..0000000
--- a/src/typescript/extension/test/unit/background-cache-module.test.ts
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,157 +0,0 @@
-import assert from "node:assert/strict";
-import { test } from "node:test";
-import type { ExtensionPostStatus, ExtensionSkippedStatus } from "@openerrata/shared";
-
-type CacheModule = typeof import("../../src/background/cache");
-
-interface CacheChromeState {
-  storageData: Record<string, unknown>;
-  tabsResult: { id?: number }[];
-  getCalls: unknown[];
-  setCalls: unknown[];
-  removeCalls: unknown[];
-  queryCalls: unknown[];
-}
-
-const cacheChromeState: CacheChromeState = {
-  storageData: {},
-  tabsResult: [],
-  getCalls: [],
-  setCalls: [],
-  removeCalls: [],
-  queryCalls: [],
-};
-
-function maybeCallback<T>(callback: unknown, value: T): Promise<T> {
-  if (typeof callback === "function") {
-    (callback as (input: T) => void)(value);
-  }
-  return Promise.resolve(value);
-}
-
-const cacheChromeMock = {
-  runtime: {
-    id: "test-extension",
-    getURL: (asset: string) => `chrome-extension://test-extension/${asset}`,
-  },
-  storage: {
-    local: {
-      get: (key: string, callback?: (value: Record<string, unknown>) => void) => {
-        cacheChromeState.getCalls.push(key);
-        return maybeCallback(callback, {
-          [key]: cacheChromeState.storageData[key],
-        });
-      },
-      set: (items: Record<string, unknown>, callback?: () => void) => {
-        cacheChromeState.setCalls.push(items);
-        Object.assign(cacheChromeState.storageData, items);
-        return maybeCallback(callback, undefined);
-      },
-      remove: (key: string, callback?: () => void) => {
-        cacheChromeState.removeCalls.push(key);
-        cacheChromeState.storageData = Object.fromEntries(
-          Object.entries(cacheChromeState.storageData).filter(([entryKey]) => entryKey !== key),
-        );
-        return maybeCallback(callback, undefined);
-      },
-    },
-    onChanged: {
-      addListener: () => {},
-      removeListener: () => {},
-    },
-  },
-  tabs: {
-    query: (queryInfo: unknown, callback?: (tabs: { id?: number }[]) => void) => {
-      cacheChromeState.queryCalls.push(queryInfo);
-      return maybeCallback(callback, cacheChromeState.tabsResult);
-    },
-  },
-  action: {
-    setIcon: (_details: unknown, callback?: () => void) => maybeCallback(callback, undefined),
-    setBadgeText: (_details: unknown, callback?: () => void) => maybeCallback(callback, undefined),
-    setBadgeBackgroundColor: (_details: unknown, callback?: () => void) =>
-      maybeCallback(callback, undefined),
-    setTitle: (_details: unknown, callback?: () => void) => maybeCallback(callback, undefined),
-  },
-};
-
-(globalThis as { chrome?: unknown }).chrome = cacheChromeMock;
-
-function resetCacheChromeState(input: { tabsResult?: { id?: number }[] } = {}): void {
-  cacheChromeState.storageData = {};
-  cacheChromeState.tabsResult = input.tabsResult ?? [];
-  cacheChromeState.getCalls.length = 0;
-  cacheChromeState.setCalls.length = 0;
-  cacheChromeState.removeCalls.length = 0;
-  cacheChromeState.queryCalls.length = 0;
-}
-
-function createPostStatus(tabSessionId: number): ExtensionPostStatus {
-  const sessionId = tabSessionId as ExtensionPostStatus["tabSessionId"];
-
-  const externalId = "post-123" as ExtensionPostStatus["externalId"];
-  const status: ExtensionPostStatus = {
-    kind: "POST",
-    tabSessionId: sessionId,
-    platform: "X",
-    externalId,
-    pageUrl: "https://x.com/example/status/123",
-    investigationState: "NOT_INVESTIGATED",
-    priorInvestigationResult: null,
-  };
-  return status;
-}
-
-function createSkippedStatus(tabSessionId: number): ExtensionSkippedStatus {
-  const sessionId = tabSessionId as ExtensionSkippedStatus["tabSessionId"];
-
-  const externalId = "post-123" as ExtensionSkippedStatus["externalId"];
-  const skippedStatus: ExtensionSkippedStatus = {
-    kind: "SKIPPED",
-    tabSessionId: sessionId,
-    platform: "X",
-    externalId,
-    pageUrl: "https://x.com/example/status/123",
-    reason: "no_text",
-  };
-  return skippedStatus;
-}
-
-async function importCacheModule(): Promise<CacheModule> {
-  return (await import(
-    `../../src/background/cache.ts?test=${Date.now().toString()}-${Math.random().toString()}`
-  )) as CacheModule;
-}
-
-async function waitForAsyncCleanup(): Promise<void> {
-  await Promise.resolve();
-  await Promise.resolve();
-}
-
-test("cache module wires storage/tabs browser APIs and supports cache lifecycle", async () => {
-  resetCacheChromeState({
-    tabsResult: [{ id: 11 }, { id: 12 }, {}],
-  });
-  const cacheModule = await importCacheModule();
-  const postStatus = createPostStatus(1);
-  const skippedStatus = createSkippedStatus(1);
-
-  await cacheModule.cachePostStatus(11, postStatus);
-  assert.equal(cacheChromeState.getCalls.includes("tab:11"), true);
-  assert.equal(cacheChromeState.setCalls.length > 0, true);
-  assert.deepEqual(await cacheModule.getActivePostStatus(11), postStatus);
-
-  await cacheModule.cacheSkippedStatus(11, skippedStatus);
-  assert.deepEqual(await cacheModule.getActiveStatus(11), skippedStatus);
-
-  await cacheModule.clearActiveStatus(11);
-  assert.equal(await cacheModule.getActiveStatus(11), null);
-
-  cacheModule.clearCache(11);
-  await waitForAsyncCleanup();
-  assert.equal(cacheChromeState.removeCalls.includes("tab:11"), true);
-
-  await cacheModule.cachePostStatus(12, createPostStatus(2));
-  await cacheModule.syncToolbarBadgesForOpenTabs();
-  assert.equal(cacheChromeState.queryCalls.length > 0, true);
-});
diff --git a/src/typescript/extension/test/unit/background-investigation-polling.test.ts b/src/typescript/extension/test/unit/background-investigation-polling.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9071c3f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/typescript/extension/test/unit/background-investigation-polling.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,170 @@
+import assert from "node:assert/strict";
+import { mock, test } from "node:test";
+import { POLL_INTERVAL_MS, type GetInvestigationOutput } from "@openerrata/shared";
+import { ApiClientError } from "../../src/background/api-client-error";
+import {
+  InvestigationPolling,
+  pollRecoveryAlarmTabId,
+} from "../../src/background/investigation-polling";
+import { TabStates } from "../../src/background/tab-state";
+import { claim, investigatingStatus, sessionId } from "../helpers/statuses";
+
+const INVESTIGATING_OUTPUT: GetInvestigationOutput = {
+  investigationState: "INVESTIGATING",
+  status: "PROCESSING",
+  provenance: "CLIENT_FALLBACK",
+  pendingClaims: [],
+  confirmedClaims: [],
+  priorInvestigationResult: null,
+};
+
+const INVESTIGATED_OUTPUT: GetInvestigationOutput = {
+  investigationState: "INVESTIGATED",
+  provenance: "CLIENT_FALLBACK",
+  claims: [claim("The moon is cheese")],
+  checkedAt: "2026-10-02T00:00:00.000Z",
+};
+
+async function flush(): Promise<void> {
+  for (let round = 0; round < 10; round += 1) {
+    await new Promise<void>((resolve) => {
+      setImmediate(resolve);
+    });
+  }
+}
+
+function setup(responses: (() => Promise<GetInvestigationOutput>)[]) {
+  const storage: Record<string, unknown> = {};
+  const tabStates = new TabStates({
+    storage: {
+      get: (key) => Promise.resolve(key in storage ? { [key]: storage[key] } : {}),
+      set: (items) => {
+        Object.assign(storage, items);
+        return Promise.resolve();
+      },
+      remove: (key) => {
+        Reflect.deleteProperty(storage, key);
+        return Promise.resolve();
+      },
+    },
+    notifyTab: () => Promise.resolve(),
+    updateBadge: () => undefined,
+    listTabIds: () => Promise.resolve([1]),
+  });
+  const alarms = new Set<string>();
+  let calls = 0;
+  const polling = new InvestigationPolling({
+    tabStates,
+    getInvestigation: () => {
+      const response = responses[Math.min(calls, responses.length - 1)];
+      calls += 1;
+      if (response === undefined) throw new Error("no response configured");
+      return response();
+    },
+    alarms: {
+      create: (name) => {
+        alarms.add(name);
+        return Promise.resolve();
+      },
+      clear: (name) => Promise.resolve(alarms.delete(name)),
+    },
+  });
+  return { tabStates, polling, alarms, callCount: () => calls };
+}
+
+test("polling follows an investigation until it completes, then stops", async () => {
+  mock.timers.enable({ apis: ["setTimeout"] });
+  try {
+    const { tabStates, polling, alarms, callCount } = setup([
+      () => Promise.resolve(INVESTIGATING_OUTPUT),
+      () => Promise.resolve(INVESTIGATED_OUTPUT),
+    ]);
+    tabStates.claimSession(1, sessionId(1));
+    await tabStates.putStatus(1, investigatingStatus(sessionId(1)));
+
+    polling.follow(1, investigatingStatus(sessionId(1)));
+    await flush();
+    assert.equal(callCount(), 1);
+    assert.deepEqual(Array.from(alarms), ["investigation-poll:1"]);
+
+    mock.timers.tick(POLL_INTERVAL_MS);
+    await flush();
+    assert.equal(callCount(), 2);
+    const settled = await tabStates.getStatus(1);
+    assert.equal(settled?.kind === "POST" && settled.investigationState, "INVESTIGATED");
+    assert.deepEqual(Array.from(alarms), []);
+
+    mock.timers.tick(POLL_INTERVAL_MS * 10);
+    await flush();
+    assert.equal(callCount(), 2, "no polling after the investigation settled");
+  } finally {
+    mock.timers.reset();
+  }
+});
+
+test("transient poll failures back off and eventually give up with an API_ERROR status", async () => {
+  mock.timers.enable({ apis: ["setTimeout"] });
+  try {
+    const { tabStates, polling, callCount } = setup([
+      () => Promise.reject(new Error("network down")),
+    ]);
+    tabStates.claimSession(1, sessionId(1));
+    await tabStates.putStatus(1, investigatingStatus(sessionId(1)));
+
+    const originalError = console.error;
+    console.error = () => undefined;
+    try {
+      polling.follow(1, investigatingStatus(sessionId(1)));
+      await flush();
+      for (let attempt = 1; attempt < 5; attempt += 1) {
+        assert.equal(callCount(), attempt);
+        mock.timers.tick(POLL_INTERVAL_MS * 2 ** attempt);
+        await flush();
+      }
+    } finally {
+      console.error = originalError;
+    }
+    assert.equal(callCount(), 5);
+    const status = await tabStates.getStatus(1);
+    assert.equal(status?.kind === "POST" && status.investigationState, "API_ERROR");
+  } finally {
+    mock.timers.reset();
+  }
+});
+
+test("a non-retryable API error ends polling at once", async () => {
+  const { tabStates, polling, callCount } = setup([
+    () => Promise.reject(new ApiClientError("upgrade required", { errorCode: "UPGRADE_REQUIRED" })),
+  ]);
+  tabStates.claimSession(1, sessionId(1));
+  await tabStates.putStatus(1, investigatingStatus(sessionId(1)));
+
+  const originalError = console.error;
+  console.error = () => undefined;
+  try {
+    polling.follow(1, investigatingStatus(sessionId(1)));
+    await flush();
+  } finally {
+    console.error = originalError;
+  }
+  assert.equal(callCount(), 1);
+  const status = await tabStates.getStatus(1);
+  assert.equal(status?.kind === "POST" && status.investigationState, "API_ERROR");
+});
+
+test("polling stops when the followed page session ends", async () => {
+  const { tabStates, polling, callCount } = setup([() => Promise.resolve(INVESTIGATING_OUTPUT)]);
+  tabStates.claimSession(1, sessionId(1));
+  await tabStates.putStatus(1, investigatingStatus(sessionId(1)));
+  await tabStates.retireSession(1, sessionId(1));
+
+  polling.follow(1, investigatingStatus(sessionId(1)));
+  await flush();
+  assert.equal(callCount(), 0);
+});
+
+test("pollRecoveryAlarmTabId only accepts this module's alarm names", () => {
+  assert.equal(pollRecoveryAlarmTabId("investigation-poll:42"), 42);
+  assert.equal(pollRecoveryAlarmTabId("investigation-poll:x"), null);
+  assert.equal(pollRecoveryAlarmTabId("other:42"), null);
+});
diff --git a/src/typescript/extension/test/unit/background-investigation-snapshot.test.ts b/src/typescript/extension/test/unit/background-investigation-snapshot.test.ts
deleted file mode 100644
index 9c76cc1..0000000
--- a/src/typescript/extension/test/unit/background-investigation-snapshot.test.ts
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,153 +0,0 @@
-import assert from "node:assert/strict";
-import { test } from "node:test";
-import { claimIdSchema, investigationIdSchema } from "@openerrata/shared";
-import {
-  snapshotFromInvestigateNowResult,
-  toInvestigationStatusForCaching,
-} from "../../src/background/investigation-snapshot.js";
-import {
-  createPostStatus,
-  createPostStatusFromInvestigation,
-} from "../../src/background/post-status.js";
-
-test("snapshotFromInvestigateNowResult preserves interim oldClaims while pending", () => {
-  const oldClaims = [
-    {
-      id: claimIdSchema.parse("claim-update-1"),
-      text: "Old claim text",
-      context: "Context around old claim text",
-      summary: "Old summary",
-      reasoning: "Old reasoning",
-      sources: [
-        {
-          url: "https://example.com/source-1",
-          title: "Source 1",
-          snippet: "Snippet 1",
-        },
-      ],
-    },
-  ];
-  const existing = {
-    kind: "POST" as const,
-    tabSessionId: 7,
-    platform: "LESSWRONG" as const,
-    externalId: "post-update-1",
-    pageUrl: "https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/post-update-1/example",
-    investigationState: "NOT_INVESTIGATED" as const,
-    priorInvestigationResult: {
-      oldClaims,
-      sourceInvestigationId: investigationIdSchema.parse("inv-old-1"),
-    },
-  };
-
-  const cached = toInvestigationStatusForCaching(existing);
-  assert.ok(cached);
-  const snapshot = snapshotFromInvestigateNowResult(
-    {
-      investigationId: investigationIdSchema.parse("inv-new-1"),
-      status: "PENDING",
-      provenance: "SERVER_VERIFIED",
-    },
-    cached,
-  );
-
-  assert.equal(snapshot.investigationState, "INVESTIGATING");
-  assert.equal(snapshot.status, "PENDING");
-  assert.equal(snapshot.provenance, "SERVER_VERIFIED");
-  const priorResult = snapshot.priorInvestigationResult;
-  assert.notEqual(priorResult, null);
-  if (priorResult === null) throw new Error("expected priorInvestigationResult");
-  assert.deepEqual(priorResult.oldClaims, oldClaims);
-  assert.equal(
-    priorResult.sourceInvestigationId,
-    existing.priorInvestigationResult.sourceInvestigationId,
-  );
-});
-
-test("snapshotFromInvestigateNowResult falls back to empty pending state without update interim", () => {
-  const snapshot = snapshotFromInvestigateNowResult(
-    {
-      investigationId: investigationIdSchema.parse("inv-pending-2"),
-      status: "PENDING",
-      provenance: "CLIENT_FALLBACK",
-    },
-    null,
-  );
-
-  assert.equal(snapshot.investigationState, "INVESTIGATING");
-  assert.equal(snapshot.status, "PENDING");
-  assert.equal(snapshot.provenance, "CLIENT_FALLBACK");
-  assert.equal(snapshot.priorInvestigationResult, null);
-  assert.deepEqual(snapshot.pendingClaims, []);
-  assert.deepEqual(snapshot.confirmedClaims, []);
-});
-
-test("status transition preserves interim oldClaims from NOT_INVESTIGATED to INVESTIGATING", () => {
-  const oldClaims = [
-    {
-      id: claimIdSchema.parse("claim-update-2"),
-      text: "Old claim text 2",
-      context: "Context around old claim text 2",
-      summary: "Old summary 2",
-      reasoning: "Old reasoning 2",
-      sources: [
-        {
-          url: "https://example.com/source-2",
-          title: "Source 2",
-          snippet: "Snippet 2",
-        },
-      ],
-    },
-  ];
-  const initialStatus = createPostStatusFromInvestigation({
-    tabSessionId: 11,
-    platform: "LESSWRONG",
-    externalId: "post-update-2",
-    pageUrl: "https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/post-update-2/example",
-    investigationState: "NOT_INVESTIGATED",
-    priorInvestigationResult: {
-      oldClaims,
-      sourceInvestigationId: investigationIdSchema.parse("inv-old-2"),
-    },
-  });
-
-  const cachedInitial = toInvestigationStatusForCaching(initialStatus);
-  assert.ok(cachedInitial);
-  const pendingSnapshot = snapshotFromInvestigateNowResult(
-    {
-      investigationId: investigationIdSchema.parse("inv-new-2"),
-      status: "PENDING",
-      provenance: "SERVER_VERIFIED",
-    },
-    cachedInitial,
-  );
-  const pendingStatus = createPostStatusFromInvestigation({
-    tabSessionId: 11,
-    platform: "LESSWRONG",
-    externalId: "post-update-2",
-    pageUrl: "https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/post-update-2/example",
-    investigationId: investigationIdSchema.parse("inv-new-2"),
-    ...pendingSnapshot,
-  });
-
-  assert.equal(pendingStatus.investigationState, "INVESTIGATING");
-  assert.equal(pendingStatus.status, "PENDING");
-  const pendingPriorResult = pendingStatus.priorInvestigationResult;
-  assert.notEqual(pendingPriorResult, null);
-  if (pendingPriorResult === null) throw new Error("expected priorInvestigationResult");
-  assert.deepEqual(pendingPriorResult.oldClaims, oldClaims);
-  assert.equal(pendingPriorResult.sourceInvestigationId, investigationIdSchema.parse("inv-old-2"));
-});
-
-test("toInvestigationStatusForCaching returns null for API_ERROR (transient, not cacheable)", () => {
-  const apiErrorStatus = createPostStatus({
-    tabSessionId: 20,
-    platform: "X",
-    externalId: "api-err-1",
-    pageUrl: "https://x.com/example/status/api-err-1",
-    investigationState: "API_ERROR",
-  });
-
-  const cached = toInvestigationStatusForCaching(apiErrorStatus);
-  assert.equal(cached, null);
-});
diff --git a/src/typescript/extension/test/unit/background-investigation-state.test.ts b/src/typescript/extension/test/unit/background-investigation-state.test.ts
deleted file mode 100644
index 41373ff..0000000
--- a/src/typescript/extension/test/unit/background-investigation-state.test.ts
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,64 +0,0 @@
-import assert from "node:assert/strict";
-import { test } from "node:test";
-import {
-  BackgroundInvestigationState,
-  type InvestigationPoller,
-} from "../../src/background/investigation-state.js";
-
-function buildPoller(overrides: Partial<InvestigationPoller> = {}): InvestigationPoller {
-  return {
-    tabSessionId: 1,
-    investigationId: "inv-1",
-    inFlight: false,
-    timer: null,
-    ...overrides,
-  };
-}
-
-test("BackgroundInvestigationState tracks latest tab sessions and staleness", () => {
-  const state = new BackgroundInvestigationState();
-
-  assert.equal(state.isStaleTabSession(10, 1), false);
-  state.noteTabSession(10, 1);
-  assert.equal(state.isStaleTabSession(10, 1), false);
-  assert.equal(state.isStaleTabSession(10, 0), true);
-
-  state.noteTabSession(10, 0);
-  assert.equal(state.isStaleTabSession(10, 0), true);
-
-  state.noteTabSession(10, 3);
-  assert.equal(state.isStaleTabSession(10, 2), true);
-  assert.equal(state.isStaleTabSession(10, 3), false);
-});
-
-test("BackgroundInvestigationState retires and clears tab sessions", () => {
-  const state = new BackgroundInvestigationState();
-
-  state.noteTabSession(11, 5);
-  state.retireTabSession(11, 5);
-  assert.equal(state.isStaleTabSession(11, 5), true);
-  assert.equal(state.isStaleTabSession(11, 6), false);
-
-  state.clearTabSession(11);
-  assert.equal(state.isStaleTabSession(11, 5), false);
-});
-
-test("BackgroundInvestigationState stores pollers by tab", () => {
-  const state = new BackgroundInvestigationState();
-
-  const first = buildPoller({ tabSessionId: 1, investigationId: "inv-a" });
-  const second = buildPoller({ tabSessionId: 2, investigationId: "inv-b" });
-  state.setPoller(21, first);
-  state.setPoller(22, second);
-
-  assert.equal(state.getPoller(21), first);
-  assert.equal(state.getPoller(22), second);
-  assert.deepEqual(
-    Array.from(state.pollerTabIds()).sort((a, b) => a - b),
-    [21, 22],
-  );
-
-  state.clearPoller(21);
-  assert.equal(state.getPoller(21), undefined);
-  assert.deepEqual(Array.from(state.pollerTabIds()), [22]);
-});
diff --git a/src/typescript/extension/test/unit/background-message-handlers.test.ts b/src/typescript/extension/test/unit/background-message-handlers.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..708b250
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/typescript/extension/test/unit/background-message-handlers.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,202 @@
+import assert from "node:assert/strict";
+import { test } from "node:test";
+import {
+  lesswrongExternalIdSchema,
+  postVersionIdSchema,
+  type ExtensionPostStatus,
+  type InvestigateNowOutput,
+  type PlatformContent,
+  type ViewPostOutput,
+} from "@openerrata/shared";
+import type { InvestigationPolling } from "../../src/background/investigation-polling";
+import { createBackgroundHandlers } from "../../src/background/message-handlers";
+import { TabStates } from "../../src/background/tab-state";
+import { investigationId, sessionId } from "../helpers/statuses";
+
+const CONTENT: PlatformContent = {
+  platform: "LESSWRONG",
+  externalId: lesswrongExternalIdSchema.parse("abc123"),
+  url: "https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/abc123/post",
+  contentText: "Post text.",
+  hasVideo: false,
+  imageOccurrences: [],
+  metadata: { slug: "post", htmlContent: "<p>Post text.</p>", tags: [] },
+};
+
+const SENDER = { tab: { id: 9 } };
+
+const notInvestigatedView: ViewPostOutput = {
+  investigationState: "NOT_INVESTIGATED",
+  priorInvestigationResult: null,
+};
+
+function setup(options: {
+  view?: () => Promise<ViewPostOutput>;
+  investigateNow?: () => Promise<InvestigateNowOutput>;
+  autoInvestigate?: boolean;
+}) {
+  const tabStates = new TabStates({
+    storage: {
+      get: () => Promise.resolve({}),
+      set: () => Promise.resolve(),
+      remove: () => Promise.resolve(),
+    },
+    notifyTab: () => Promise.resolve(),
+    updateBadge: () => undefined,
+    listTabIds: () => Promise.resolve([9]),
+  });
+  const followed: ExtensionPostStatus[] = [];
+  const apiCalls: string[] = [];
+  const polling = {
+    follow: (_tabId: number, status: ExtensionPostStatus) => {
+      followed.push(status);
+    },
+    stop: () => undefined,
+    resume: () => Promise.resolve(),
+  } as unknown as InvestigationPolling;
+  const handlers = createBackgroundHandlers({
+    tabStates,
+    polling,
+    api: {
+      registerObservedVersion: () => {
+        apiCalls.push("registerObservedVersion");
+        return Promise.resolve({
+          platform: "LESSWRONG",
+          externalId: CONTENT.externalId,
+          versionHash: "a".repeat(64),
+          postVersionId: postVersionIdSchema.parse("version-1"),
+          provenance: "SERVER_VERIFIED",
+        });
+      },
+      recordViewAndGetStatus: () => {
+        apiCalls.push("recordViewAndGetStatus");
+        return (options.view ?? (() => Promise.resolve(notInvestigatedView)))();
+      },
+      investigateNow: () => {
+        apiCalls.push("investigateNow");
+        return (options.investigateNow ?? (() => Promise.reject(new Error("unexpected"))))();
+      },
+      shouldAutoInvestigate: () => Promise.resolve(options.autoInvestigate ?? false),
+    },
+    getUpgradeRequiredState: () => Promise.resolve({ kind: "NOT_REQUIRED" }),
+  });
+  return { handlers, tabStates, followed, apiCalls };
+}
+
+test("PAGE_CONTENT follows an investigation the API reports as already running", async () => {
+  const { handlers, tabStates, followed } = setup({
+    view: () =>
+      Promise.resolve({
+        investigationState: "INVESTIGATING",
+        investigationId: investigationId("queued-elsewhere"),
+        status: "PENDING",
+        provenance: "SERVER_VERIFIED",
+        pendingClaims: [],
+        confirmedClaims: [],
+        priorInvestigationResult: null,
+      }),
+  });
+
+  const status = await handlers.PAGE_CONTENT(
+    { tabSessionId: sessionId(1), content: CONTENT },
+    SENDER,
+  );
+
+  assert.equal(status.investigationState, "INVESTIGATING");
+  assert.deepEqual(await tabStates.getStatus(9), status);
+  assert.deepEqual(followed, [status]);
+});
+
+test("PAGE_CONTENT rejects a superseded session and does not cache a reply that arrives after it ended", async () => {
+  let releaseView: (view: ViewPostOutput) => void = () => undefined;
+  const { handlers, tabStates } = setup({
+    view: () =>
+      new Promise((resolve) => {
+        releaseView = resolve;
+      }),
+  });
+
+  const pending = handlers.PAGE_CONTENT({ tabSessionId: sessionId(1), content: CONTENT }, SENDER);
+  await new Promise<void>((resolve) => {
+    setImmediate(resolve);
+  });
+  await handlers.PAGE_RESET({ tabSessionId: sessionId(1) }, SENDER);
+  releaseView(notInvestigatedView);
+  await pending;
+
+  assert.equal(await tabStates.getStatus(9), null);
+  await assert.rejects(
+    handlers.PAGE_CONTENT({ tabSessionId: sessionId(1), content: CONTENT }, SENDER),
+    /no longer the tab's current page session/,
+  );
+});
+
+test("PAGE_CONTENT auto-investigates a not-yet-investigated post when enabled", async () => {
+  const { handlers, tabStates, apiCalls } = setup({
+    autoInvestigate: true,
+    investigateNow: () =>
+      Promise.resolve({
+        investigationId: investigationId("new-investigation"),
+        status: "PENDING",
+        provenance: "SERVER_VERIFIED",
+      }),
+  });
+
+  await handlers.PAGE_CONTENT({ tabSessionId: sessionId(1), content: CONTENT }, SENDER);
+  for (let round = 0; round < 5; round += 1) {
+    await new Promise<void>((resolve) => {
+      setImmediate(resolve);
+    });
+  }
+
+  assert.deepEqual(apiCalls, [
+    "registerObservedVersion",
+    "recordViewAndGetStatus",
+    "investigateNow",
+  ]);
+  const status = await tabStates.getStatus(9);
+  assert.equal(status?.kind === "POST" && status.investigationState, "INVESTIGATING");
+});
+
+test("PAGE_CONTENT caches an API_ERROR status and reports the failure", async () => {
+  const { handlers, tabStates } = setup({ view: () => Promise.reject(new Error("API down")) });
+
+  await assert.rejects(
+    handlers.PAGE_CONTENT({ tabSessionId: sessionId(1), content: CONTENT }, SENDER),
+    /API down/,
+  );
+  const status = await tabStates.getStatus(9);
+  assert.equal(status?.kind === "POST" && status.investigationState, "API_ERROR");
+});
+
+test("PAGE_SKIPPED from a superseded session is ignored", async () => {
+  const { handlers, tabStates } = setup({});
+  await handlers.PAGE_SKIPPED(
+    {
+      tabSessionId: sessionId(2),
+      platform: "LESSWRONG",
+      pageUrl: CONTENT.url,
+      reason: "has_video",
+    },
+    SENDER,
+  );
+  await handlers.PAGE_RESET({ tabSessionId: sessionId(2) }, SENDER);
+  await handlers.PAGE_SKIPPED(
+    {
+      tabSessionId: sessionId(2),
+      platform: "LESSWRONG",
+      pageUrl: CONTENT.url,
+      reason: "has_video",
+    },
+    SENDER,
+  );
+  assert.equal(await tabStates.getStatus(9), null);
+});
+
+test("page-session messages must come from a tab", async () => {
+  const { handlers } = setup({});
+  await assert.rejects(
+    handlers.PAGE_RESET({ tabSessionId: sessionId(1) }, {}),
+    /must come from a tab/,
+  );
+});
diff --git a/src/typescript/extension/test/unit/background-page-content-action.test.ts b/src/typescript/extension/test/unit/background-page-content-action.test.ts
deleted file mode 100644
index b200772..0000000
--- a/src/typescript/extension/test/unit/background-page-content-action.test.ts
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,78 +0,0 @@
-import assert from "node:assert/strict";
-import { test } from "node:test";
-import type { InvestigationStatusOutput } from "@openerrata/shared";
-import { investigationIdSchema } from "@openerrata/shared";
-import { createPostStatusFromInvestigation } from "../../src/background/post-status";
-import { decidePageContentPostCacheAction } from "../../src/background/page-content-action";
-
-function buildStatus(snapshot: InvestigationStatusOutput, investigationId?: string) {
-  return createPostStatusFromInvestigation({
-    tabSessionId: 12,
-    platform: "LESSWRONG",
-    externalId: "post-1",
-    pageUrl: "https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/post-1/example",
-    ...(investigationId === undefined ? {} : { investigationId }),
-    ...snapshot,
-  });
-}
-
-test("decidePageContentPostCacheAction resumes polling for INVESTIGATING statuses with investigationId", () => {
-  const status = buildStatus(
-    {
-      investigationState: "INVESTIGATING",
-      status: "PROCESSING",
-      provenance: "SERVER_VERIFIED",
-      pendingClaims: [],
-      confirmedClaims: [],
-      priorInvestigationResult: null,
-    },
-    investigationIdSchema.parse("inv-1"),
-  );
-
-  assert.equal(
-    decidePageContentPostCacheAction({
-      status,
-      shouldAutoInvestigate: false,
-    }),
-    "RESUME_POLLING",
-  );
-
-  assert.equal(
-    decidePageContentPostCacheAction({
-      status,
-      shouldAutoInvestigate: true,
-    }),
-    "RESUME_POLLING",
-  );
-});
-
-test("decidePageContentPostCacheAction auto-investigates when eligible and not resumable", () => {
-  const status = buildStatus({
-    investigationState: "NOT_INVESTIGATED",
-    priorInvestigationResult: null,
-  });
-
-  assert.equal(
-    decidePageContentPostCacheAction({
-      status,
-      shouldAutoInvestigate: true,
-    }),
-    "AUTO_INVESTIGATE",
-  );
-});
-
-test("decidePageContentPostCacheAction stops polling when not investigating and not auto-investigating", () => {
-  const status = buildStatus({
-    investigationState: "INVESTIGATED",
-    provenance: "SERVER_VERIFIED",
-    claims: [],
-  });
-
-  assert.equal(
-    decidePageContentPostCacheAction({
-      status,
-      shouldAutoInvestigate: false,
-    }),
-    "STOP_POLLING",
-  );
-});
diff --git a/src/typescript/extension/test/unit/background-page-content-decision.test.ts b/src/typescript/extension/test/unit/background-page-content-decision.test.ts
deleted file mode 100644
index 0c43304..0000000
--- a/src/typescript/extension/test/unit/background-page-content-decision.test.ts
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,230 +0,0 @@
-import assert from "node:assert/strict";
-import { test } from "node:test";
-import {
-  claimIdSchema,
-  investigationIdSchema,
-  type ExtensionPostStatus,
-  type InvestigationStatusOutput,
-  type ViewPostOutput,
-} from "@openerrata/shared";
-import {
-  createPostStatus,
-  createPostStatusFromInvestigation,
-} from "../../src/background/post-status";
-import { decidePageContentSnapshot } from "../../src/background/page-content-decision";
-
-function buildPriorInvestigationResult() {
-  return {
-    oldClaims: [
-      {
-        id: claimIdSchema.parse("claim-old-1"),
-        text: "Old claim",
-        context: "Old context",
-        summary: "Old summary",
-        reasoning: "Old reasoning",
-        sources: [
-          {
-            url: "https://example.com/source-1",
-            title: "Source 1",
-            snippet: "Snippet 1",
-          },
-        ],
-      },
-    ],
-    sourceInvestigationId: investigationIdSchema.parse("inv-old-1"),
-  };
-}
-
-function buildExistingStatus(snapshot: InvestigationStatusOutput): ExtensionPostStatus {
-  return createPostStatusFromInvestigation({
-    tabSessionId: 10,
-    platform: "LESSWRONG",
-    externalId: "post-1",
-    pageUrl: "https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/post-1/example",
-    investigationId: investigationIdSchema.parse("inv-current-1"),
-    ...snapshot,
-  });
-}
-
-test("decidePageContentSnapshot preserves INVESTIGATED results and does not auto-investigate, even with interim snapshot", () => {
-  const result: ViewPostOutput = {
-    investigationState: "INVESTIGATED",
-    provenance: "SERVER_VERIFIED",
-    claims: [],
-  };
-
-  const decision = decidePageContentSnapshot({
-    result,
-    resultUpdateInterim: {
-      investigationState: "INVESTIGATED",
-      provenance: "SERVER_VERIFIED",
-      claims: [],
-    },
-    existingForSession: null,
-    existingForSessionUpdateInterim: null,
-  });
-
-  assert.deepEqual(decision.snapshot, result);
-  assert.equal(decision.shouldAutoInvestigate, false);
-});
-
-test("decidePageContentSnapshot prefers result interim snapshot when available", () => {
-  const priorInvestigationResult = buildPriorInvestigationResult();
-  const result: ViewPostOutput = {
-    investigationState: "NOT_INVESTIGATED",
-    priorInvestigationResult: priorInvestigationResult,
-  };
-
-  const decision = decidePageContentSnapshot({
-    result,
-    resultUpdateInterim: {
-      investigationState: "NOT_INVESTIGATED",
-      priorInvestigationResult: priorInvestigationResult,
-    },
-    existingForSession: null,
-    existingForSessionUpdateInterim: null,
-  });
-
-  assert.deepEqual(decision.snapshot, {
-    investigationState: "NOT_INVESTIGATED",
-    priorInvestigationResult,
-  });
-  assert.equal(decision.shouldAutoInvestigate, true);
-});
-
-test("decidePageContentSnapshot preserves existing INVESTIGATING status when interim data is available", () => {
-  const priorInvestigationResult = buildPriorInvestigationResult();
-  const existing = buildExistingStatus({
-    investigationState: "INVESTIGATING",
-    status: "PROCESSING",
-    provenance: "SERVER_VERIFIED",
-    pendingClaims: [],
-    confirmedClaims: [],
-    priorInvestigationResult,
-  });
-  const existingForSessionUpdateInterim: InvestigationStatusOutput = {
-    investigationState: "INVESTIGATING",
-    status: "PROCESSING",
-    provenance: "SERVER_VERIFIED",
-    pendingClaims: [],
-    confirmedClaims: [],
-    priorInvestigationResult,
-  };
-  const result: ViewPostOutput = {
-    investigationState: "NOT_INVESTIGATED",
-    priorInvestigationResult: null,
-  };
-
-  const decision = decidePageContentSnapshot({
-    result,
-    resultUpdateInterim: null,
-    existingForSession: existing,
-    existingForSessionUpdateInterim,
-  });
-
-  assert.deepEqual(decision.snapshot, existingForSessionUpdateInterim);
-  assert.equal(decision.shouldAutoInvestigate, true);
-});
-
-test("decidePageContentSnapshot falls back to synthetic INVESTIGATING snapshot when existing interim is invalid", () => {
-  const existing = buildExistingStatus({
-    investigationState: "INVESTIGATING",
-    status: "PENDING",
-    provenance: "SERVER_VERIFIED",
-    pendingClaims: [],
-    confirmedClaims: [],
-    priorInvestigationResult: null,
-  });
-  const result: ViewPostOutput = {
-    investigationState: "NOT_INVESTIGATED",
-    priorInvestigationResult: null,
-  };
-
-  const decision = decidePageContentSnapshot({
-    result,
-    resultUpdateInterim: null,
-    existingForSession: existing,
-    existingForSessionUpdateInterim: null,
-  });
-
-  assert.deepEqual(decision.snapshot, {
-    investigationState: "INVESTIGATING",
-    status: "PENDING",
-    provenance: "SERVER_VERIFIED",
-    pendingClaims: [],
-    confirmedClaims: [],
-    priorInvestigationResult: null,
-  });
-  assert.equal(decision.shouldAutoInvestigate, true);
-});
-
-test("decidePageContentSnapshot reuses FAILED provenance from existing status", () => {
-  const existing = buildExistingStatus({
-    investigationState: "FAILED",
-    provenance: "CLIENT_FALLBACK",
-  });
-  const result: ViewPostOutput = {
-    investigationState: "NOT_INVESTIGATED",
-    priorInvestigationResult: null,
-  };
-
-  const decision = decidePageContentSnapshot({
-    result,
-    resultUpdateInterim: null,
-    existingForSession: existing,
-    existingForSessionUpdateInterim: null,
-  });
-
-  assert.deepEqual(decision.snapshot, {
-    investigationState: "FAILED",
-    provenance: "CLIENT_FALLBACK",
-  });
-  assert.equal(decision.shouldAutoInvestigate, true);
-});
-
-test("decidePageContentSnapshot falls through to fresh result for API_ERROR existing status", () => {
-  const apiErrorExisting = createPostStatus({
-    tabSessionId: 10,
-    platform: "LESSWRONG",
-    externalId: "post-1",
-    pageUrl: "https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/post-1/example",
-    investigationState: "API_ERROR",
-  });
-
-  const result: ViewPostOutput = {
-    investigationState: "NOT_INVESTIGATED",
-    priorInvestigationResult: null,
-  };
-
-  const decision = decidePageContentSnapshot({
-    result,
-    resultUpdateInterim: null,
-    existingForSession: apiErrorExisting,
-    existingForSessionUpdateInterim: null,
-  });
-
-  // API_ERROR does not preserve existing status — falls through to raw result.
-  assert.deepEqual(decision.snapshot, result);
-  assert.equal(decision.shouldAutoInvestigate, true);
-});
-
-test("decidePageContentSnapshot falls back to raw result when no preservation path applies", () => {
-  const result: ViewPostOutput = {
-    investigationState: "INVESTIGATING",
-    status: "PENDING",
-    provenance: "SERVER_VERIFIED",
-    pendingClaims: [],
-    confirmedClaims: [],
-    priorInvestigationResult: null,
-  };
-
-  const decision = decidePageContentSnapshot({
-    result,
-    resultUpdateInterim: null,
-    existingForSession: null,
-    existingForSessionUpdateInterim: null,
-  });
-
-  assert.deepEqual(decision.snapshot, result);
-  assert.equal(decision.shouldAutoInvestigate, false);
-});
diff --git a/src/typescript/extension/test/unit/background-post-status.test.ts b/src/typescript/extension/test/unit/background-post-status.test.ts
index 16ff06f..6470aee 100644
--- a/src/typescript/extension/test/unit/background-post-status.test.ts
+++ b/src/typescript/extension/test/unit/background-post-status.test.ts
@@ -1,166 +1,84 @@
 import assert from "node:assert/strict";
 import { test } from "node:test";
+import { extensionPostStatusSchema, xExternalIdSchema } from "@openerrata/shared";
 import {
-  createPostStatus,
-  createPostStatusFromInvestigation,
-  apiErrorToPostStatus,
+  apiErrorPostStatus,
+  postStatusFromInvestigateNow,
+  postStatusFromPoll,
+  postStatusFromView,
+  priorResultOf,
+  type PostPage,
 } from "../../src/background/post-status.js";
-import { ApiClientError } from "../../src/background/api-client-error.js";
+import { claim, investigationId, sessionId } from "../helpers/statuses.js";
 
-test("createPostStatus builds FAILED with required provenance", () => {
-  const status = createPostStatus({
-    tabSessionId: 2,
-    platform: "LESSWRONG",
-    externalId: "lw-2",
-    pageUrl: "https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/lw-2/example",
-    investigationState: "FAILED",
-    provenance: "SERVER_VERIFIED",
-  });
+const page: PostPage = {
+  tabSessionId: sessionId(1),
+  platform: "X",
+  externalId: xExternalIdSchema.parse("123"),
+  pageUrl: "https://x.com/example/status/123",
+};
 
-  assert.equal(status.investigationState, "FAILED");
-  assert.equal(status.provenance, "SERVER_VERIFIED");
-});
+const prior = { oldClaims: [claim("Old claim")], sourceInvestigationId: investigationId("old") };
 
-test("createPostStatus builds API_ERROR without provenance", () => {
-  const status = createPostStatus({
-    tabSessionId: 2,
-    platform: "LESSWRONG",
-    externalId: "lw-2",
-    pageUrl: "https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/lw-2/example",
-    investigationState: "API_ERROR",
-  });
-
-  assert.equal(status.investigationState, "API_ERROR");
-  assert.equal("provenance" in status, false);
-});
-
-test("createPostStatusFromInvestigation maps pending status to INVESTIGATING", () => {
-  const status = createPostStatusFromInvestigation({
-    tabSessionId: 1,
-    platform: "X",
-    externalId: "123",
-    pageUrl: "https://x.com/example/status/123",
+test("a view of a post under investigation keeps the investigation id to poll", () => {
+  const status = postStatusFromView(page, {
     investigationState: "INVESTIGATING",
-    status: "PENDING",
-    provenance: "CLIENT_FALLBACK",
+    investigationId: investigationId("running"),
+    status: "PROCESSING",
+    provenance: "SERVER_VERIFIED",
     pendingClaims: [],
     confirmedClaims: [],
-    priorInvestigationResult: null,
+    priorInvestigationResult: prior,
   });
-
-  assert.equal(status.investigationState, "INVESTIGATING");
-  assert.equal(status.status, "PENDING");
-  assert.deepEqual(status.pendingClaims, []);
-  assert.deepEqual(status.confirmedClaims, []);
-  assert.equal(status.priorInvestigationResult, null);
+  assert.deepEqual(extensionPostStatusSchema.parse(status), status);
+  assert.equal(status.investigationState === "INVESTIGATING" && status.investigationId, "running");
+  assert.deepEqual(priorResultOf(status), prior);
 });
 
-test("createPostStatusFromInvestigation maps completed investigation to INVESTIGATED", () => {
-  const status = createPostStatusFromInvestigation({
-    tabSessionId: 3,
-    platform: "LESSWRONG",
-    externalId: "lw-3",
-    pageUrl: "https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/lw-3/example",
-    investigationState: "INVESTIGATED",
+test("investigateNow statuses carry over the interim claims the page showed", () => {
+  const pending = postStatusFromInvestigateNow(
+    page,
+    { investigationId: investigationId("new"), status: "PENDING", provenance: "SERVER_VERIFIED" },
+    prior,
+  );
+  assert.equal(pending.investigationState, "INVESTIGATING");
+  assert.deepEqual(priorResultOf(pending), prior);
+
+  const failed = postStatusFromInvestigateNow(
+    page,
+    { investigationId: investigationId("new"), status: "FAILED", provenance: "SERVER_VERIFIED" },
+    prior,
+  );
+  assert.deepEqual(failed, {
+    kind: "POST",
+    ...page,
+    investigationState: "FAILED",
+    investigationId: "new",
     provenance: "SERVER_VERIFIED",
-    claims: [],
   });
-
-  assert.equal(status.investigationState, "INVESTIGATED");
-  assert.deepEqual(status.claims, []);
 });
 
-test("createPostStatusFromInvestigation maps failed status to FAILED", () => {
-  const status = createPostStatusFromInvestigation({
-    tabSessionId: 4,
-    platform: "SUBSTACK",
-    externalId: "444",
-    pageUrl: "https://example.substack.com/p/sample",
-    investigationState: "FAILED",
+test("poll results become statuses of the polled investigation", () => {
+  const settled = postStatusFromPoll(page, investigationId("polled"), {
+    investigationState: "INVESTIGATED",
     provenance: "CLIENT_FALLBACK",
+    claims: [claim("A claim")],
+    checkedAt: "2026-10-02T00:00:00.000Z",
   });
-
-  assert.equal(status.investigationState, "FAILED");
-});
-
-test("createPostStatusFromInvestigation maps undefined status to NOT_INVESTIGATED", () => {
-  const status = createPostStatusFromInvestigation({
-    tabSessionId: 5,
-    platform: "X",
-    externalId: "555",
-    pageUrl: "https://x.com/example/status/555",
-    investigationState: "NOT_INVESTIGATED",
-    priorInvestigationResult: null,
-  });
-
-  assert.equal(status.investigationState, "NOT_INVESTIGATED");
-  assert.equal("status" in status, false);
-  assert.equal(status.priorInvestigationResult, null);
-});
-
-test("apiErrorToPostStatus maps ApiClientError to API_ERROR state", () => {
-  const error = new ApiClientError("mismatch", {});
-  const status = apiErrorToPostStatus({
-    error,
-    tabSessionId: 1,
-    platform: "LESSWRONG",
-    externalId: "lw-1",
-    pageUrl: "https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/lw-1/example",
-  });
-
-  assert.equal(status.investigationState, "API_ERROR");
-});
-
-test("apiErrorToPostStatus maps generic errors to API_ERROR state", () => {
-  const status = apiErrorToPostStatus({
-    error: new Error("network timeout"),
-    tabSessionId: 1,
-    platform: "LESSWRONG",
-    externalId: "lw-1",
-    pageUrl: "https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/lw-1/example",
-  });
-
-  assert.equal(status.investigationState, "API_ERROR");
-});
-
-test("apiErrorToPostStatus maps PAYLOAD_TOO_LARGE ApiClientError to API_ERROR state", () => {
-  const status = apiErrorToPostStatus({
-    error: new ApiClientError("too large", {
-      errorCode: "PAYLOAD_TOO_LARGE",
-    }),
-    tabSessionId: 1,
-    platform: "LESSWRONG",
-    externalId: "lw-1",
-    pageUrl: "https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/lw-1/example",
-  });
-
-  assert.equal(status.investigationState, "API_ERROR");
-});
-
-test("apiErrorToPostStatus maps MALFORMED_EXTENSION_VERSION ApiClientError to API_ERROR state", () => {
-  const status = apiErrorToPostStatus({
-    error: new ApiClientError("malformed extension version", {
-      errorCode: "MALFORMED_EXTENSION_VERSION",
-    }),
-    tabSessionId: 1,
-    platform: "LESSWRONG",
-    externalId: "lw-1",
-    pageUrl: "https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/lw-1/example",
+  assert.deepEqual(settled, {
+    kind: "POST",
+    ...page,
+    investigationState: "INVESTIGATED",
+    investigationId: "polled",
+    provenance: "CLIENT_FALLBACK",
+    claims: [claim("A claim")],
   });
-
-  assert.equal(status.investigationState, "API_ERROR");
 });
 
-test("apiErrorToPostStatus preserves investigationId", () => {
-  const status = apiErrorToPostStatus({
-    error: new Error("server error"),
-    tabSessionId: 1,
-    platform: "LESSWRONG",
-    externalId: "lw-1",
-    pageUrl: "https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/lw-1/example",
-    investigationId: "inv-123",
+test("an API failure is reported as API_ERROR, never as a failed investigation", () => {
+  assert.deepEqual(apiErrorPostStatus(page), {
+    kind: "POST",
+    ...page,
+    investigationState: "API_ERROR",
   });
-
-  assert.equal(status.investigationState, "API_ERROR");
-  assert.equal(status.investigationId, "inv-123");
 });
diff --git a/src/typescript/extension/test/unit/background-tab-state.test.ts b/src/typescript/extension/test/unit/background-tab-state.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8e5f1b5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/typescript/extension/test/unit/background-tab-state.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,147 @@
+import assert from "node:assert/strict";
+import { test } from "node:test";
+import type { ExtensionPageStatus } from "@openerrata/shared";
+import { TabStates } from "../../src/background/tab-state";
+import { createDeterministicRandom, randomInt } from "../helpers/fuzz-utils";
+import {
+  investigatedStatus,
+  notInvestigatedStatus,
+  sessionId,
+  skippedStatus,
+} from "../helpers/statuses";
+
+function createTabStates(storageRecord: Record<string, unknown> = {}) {
+  const notified: { tabId: number; status: ExtensionPageStatus }[] = [];
+  const badges: { tabId: number; status: ExtensionPageStatus | null }[] = [];
+  const tabStates = new TabStates({
+    storage: {
+      get: (key) => Promise.resolve(key in storageRecord ? { [key]: storageRecord[key] } : {}),
+      set: (items) => {
+        Object.assign(storageRecord, items);
+        return Promise.resolve();
+      },
+      remove: (key) => {
+        Reflect.deleteProperty(storageRecord, key);
+        return Promise.resolve();
+      },
+    },
+    notifyTab: (tabId, status) => {
+      notified.push({ tabId, status });
+      return Promise.resolve();
+    },
+    updateBadge: (tabId, status) => {
+      badges.push({ tabId, status });
+    },
+    listTabIds: () => Promise.resolve([1, 2]),
+  });
+  return { tabStates, storageRecord, notified, badges };
+}
+
+test("a newer page session supersedes the previous one, which can never become current again", async () => {
+  const { tabStates } = createTabStates();
+  assert.equal(tabStates.claimSession(1, sessionId(1)), true);
+  assert.equal(tabStates.claimSession(1, sessionId(2)), true);
+  assert.equal(tabStates.claimSession(1, sessionId(1)), false);
+
+  // A late reply for the superseded session is not cached.
+  assert.equal(await tabStates.putStatus(1, notInvestigatedStatus(sessionId(1))), false);
+  assert.equal(await tabStates.getStatus(1), null);
+  assert.equal(await tabStates.putStatus(1, notInvestigatedStatus(sessionId(2))), true);
+  assert.deepEqual(await tabStates.getStatus(1), notInvestigatedStatus(sessionId(2)));
+});
+
+test("retiring a session clears its status but not a newer session's", async () => {
+  const { tabStates } = createTabStates();
+  tabStates.claimSession(1, sessionId(1));
+  await tabStates.putStatus(1, skippedStatus(sessionId(1)));
+  tabStates.claimSession(1, sessionId(2));
+  await tabStates.putStatus(1, notInvestigatedStatus(sessionId(2)));
+
+  await tabStates.retireSession(1, sessionId(1));
+  assert.deepEqual(await tabStates.getStatus(1), notInvestigatedStatus(sessionId(2)));
+
+  await tabStates.retireSession(1, sessionId(2));
+  assert.equal(await tabStates.getStatus(1), null);
+  assert.equal(tabStates.claimSession(1, sessionId(2)), false);
+});
+
+test("cached statuses are persisted, pushed to the tab and reflected in its badge", async () => {
+  const { tabStates, storageRecord, notified, badges } = createTabStates();
+  tabStates.claimSession(7, sessionId(1));
+  const status = investigatedStatus(sessionId(1));
+  await tabStates.putStatus(7, status);
+
+  assert.deepEqual(storageRecord["tab:7"], status);
+  assert.deepEqual(notified, [{ tabId: 7, status }]);
+  assert.deepEqual(badges.at(-1), { tabId: 7, status });
+
+  await tabStates.forgetTab(7);
+  assert.equal("tab:7" in storageRecord, false);
+  assert.deepEqual(badges.at(-1), { tabId: 7, status: null });
+});
+
+test("after a service-worker restart the persisted status's session is still the current one", async () => {
+  const storage: Record<string, unknown> = {};
+  const first = createTabStates(storage).tabStates;
+  first.claimSession(3, sessionId(5));
+  await first.putStatus(3, notInvestigatedStatus(sessionId(5)));
+
+  const restarted = createTabStates(storage).tabStates;
+  assert.deepEqual(await restarted.getStatus(3), notInvestigatedStatus(sessionId(5)));
+  // Polling resumed after the restart may keep updating that session...
+  assert.equal(await restarted.putStatus(3, investigatedStatus(sessionId(5))), true);
+  // ...but not a session the background has never heard of.
+  assert.equal(await restarted.putStatus(3, investigatedStatus(sessionId(6))), false);
+});
+
+test("TabStates matches a reference model under random message sequences", async () => {
+  const random = createDeterministicRandom(42);
+  for (let round = 0; round < 40; round += 1) {
+    const { tabStates } = createTabStates();
+    const model = {
+      current: null as number | null,
+      retired: new Set<number>(),
+      status: null as number | null,
+    };
+    for (let step = 0; step < 30; step += 1) {
+      const session = randomInt(random, 1, 4);
+      switch (randomInt(random, 0, 3)) {
+        case 0: {
+          const accepted = tabStates.claimSession(1, sessionId(session));
+          const expected = !model.retired.has(session);
+          assert.equal(accepted, expected);
+          if (expected) {
+            if (model.current !== null && model.current !== session)
+              model.retired.add(model.current);
+            model.current = session;
+          }
+          break;
+        }
+        case 1: {
+          await tabStates.retireSession(1, sessionId(session));
+          model.retired.add(session);
+          if (model.current === session) model.current = null;
+          if (model.status === session) model.status = null;
+          break;
+        }
+        case 2: {
+          const written = await tabStates.putStatus(1, notInvestigatedStatus(sessionId(session)));
+          assert.equal(written, model.current === session);
+          if (written) model.status = session;
+          break;
+        }
+        default: {
+          await tabStates.forgetTab(1);
+          model.current = null;
+          model.retired.clear();
+          model.status = null;
+        }
+      }
+      const status = await tabStates.getStatus(1);
+      assert.deepEqual(
+        status?.tabSessionId ?? null,
+        model.status === null ? null : sessionId(model.status),
+      );
+    }
+  }
+});
diff --git a/src/typescript/extension/test/unit/background-toolbar-badge.test.ts b/src/typescript/extension/test/unit/background-toolbar-badge.test.ts
index 9925abf..d33c8f9 100644
--- a/src/typescript/extension/test/unit/background-toolbar-badge.test.ts
+++ b/src/typescript/extension/test/unit/background-toolbar-badge.test.ts
@@ -5,6 +5,8 @@ import type {
   InvestigationClaim,
   InvestigationClaimPayload,
 } from "@openerrata/shared";
+import { installChromeMock } from "../helpers/chrome-mock";
+import { investigationId, sessionId } from "../helpers/statuses";
 
 type ToolbarBadgeModule = typeof import("../../src/background/toolbar-badge");
 
@@ -15,13 +17,6 @@ interface ActionCallLog {
   setTitle: unknown[];
 }
 
-const toolbarActionState: ActionCallLog = {
-  setIcon: [],
-  setBadgeText: [],
-  setBadgeBackgroundColor: [],
-  setTitle: [],
-};
-
 function makeClaimPayload(index: number): InvestigationClaimPayload {
   return {
     text: `Claim ${index.toString()}`,
@@ -46,15 +41,13 @@ function createPostStatus(
     confirmedClaimCount?: number;
   } = {},
 ): ExtensionPostStatus {
-  const sessionId = 1 as ExtensionPostStatus["tabSessionId"];
-
   const externalId = "123" as ExtensionPostStatus["externalId"];
 
   const claimId = (value: string): InvestigationClaim["id"] => value as InvestigationClaim["id"];
 
   const base = {
     kind: "POST",
-    tabSessionId: sessionId,
+    tabSessionId: sessionId(1),
     platform: "X",
     externalId,
     pageUrl: "https://x.com/example/status/123",
@@ -80,6 +73,7 @@ function createPostStatus(
     const status: ExtensionPostStatus = {
       ...base,
       investigationState: "INVESTIGATING",
+      investigationId: investigationId("investigation-1"),
       status: "PENDING",
       provenance: "SERVER_VERIFIED",
       pendingClaims,
@@ -93,6 +87,7 @@ function createPostStatus(
     const status: ExtensionPostStatus = {
       ...base,
       investigationState: "FAILED",
+      investigationId: investigationId("investigation-1"),
       provenance: "SERVER_VERIFIED",
     };
     return status;
@@ -117,61 +112,34 @@ function createPostStatus(
   const status: ExtensionPostStatus = {
     ...base,
     investigationState: "INVESTIGATED",
+    investigationId: investigationId("investigation-1"),
     provenance: "SERVER_VERIFIED",
     claims,
   };
   return status;
 }
 
-const toolbarChromeMock = {
-  runtime: {
-    id: "test-extension",
-    getURL: (asset: string) => `chrome-extension://test-extension/${asset}`,
-  },
-  action: {
-    setIcon: (details: unknown, callback?: () => void) => {
-      toolbarActionState.setIcon.push(details);
-      if (typeof callback === "function") {
-        callback();
-        return;
-      }
-      return Promise.resolve();
+const chromeState = installChromeMock();
+
+/** Action calls made from now on, by method. */
+function installChromeActionMock(): ActionCallLog {
+  chromeState.actionCalls.length = 0;
+  const byMethod = (method: string) =>
+    chromeState.actionCalls.filter((call) => call.method === method).map((call) => call.details);
+  return {
+    get setIcon() {
+      return byMethod("setIcon");
     },
-    setBadgeText: (details: unknown, callback?: () => void) => {
-      toolbarActionState.setBadgeText.push(details);
-      if (typeof callback === "function") {
-        callback();
-        return;
-      }
-      return Promise.resolve();
+    get setBadgeText() {
+      return byMethod("setBadgeText");
     },
-    setBadgeBackgroundColor: (details: unknown, callback?: () => void) => {
-      toolbarActionState.setBadgeBackgroundColor.push(details);
-      if (typeof callback === "function") {
-        callback();
-        return;
-      }
-      return Promise.resolve();
+    get setBadgeBackgroundColor() {
+      return byMethod("setBadgeBackgroundColor");
     },
-    setTitle: (details: unknown, callback?: () => void) => {
-      toolbarActionState.setTitle.push(details);
-      if (typeof callback === "function") {
-        callback();
-        return;
-      }
-      return Promise.resolve();
+    get setTitle() {
+      return byMethod("setTitle");
     },
-  },
-};
-
-(globalThis as { chrome?: unknown }).chrome = toolbarChromeMock;
-
-function installChromeActionMock(): ActionCallLog {
-  toolbarActionState.setIcon.length = 0;
-  toolbarActionState.setBadgeText.length = 0;
-  toolbarActionState.setBadgeBackgroundColor.length = 0;
-  toolbarActionState.setTitle.length = 0;
-  return toolbarActionState;
+  };
 }
 
 function installIntervalMocks() {
@@ -205,10 +173,11 @@ function installIntervalMocks() {
 }
 
 async function flushAsyncQueue(): Promise<void> {
-  await new Promise<void>((resolve) => {
-    setImmediate(() => resolve());
-  });
-  await Promise.resolve();
+  for (let round = 0; round < 10; round += 1) {
+    await new Promise<void>((resolve) => {
+      setImmediate(() => resolve());
+    });
+  }
 }
 
 async function importToolbarBadgeModule(): Promise<ToolbarBadgeModule> {
@@ -396,14 +365,15 @@ test("upgrade-required state overrides badge and title until cleared", async ()
   const intervals = installIntervalMocks();
 
   try {
-    const { setUpgradeRequiredState } =
-      await import("../../src/background/upgrade-required-state.js");
+    const { markUpgradeRequired, clearUpgradeRequired } =
+      await import("../../src/background/upgrade-required.js");
     const { updateToolbarBadge } = await importToolbarBadgeModule();
-    setUpgradeRequiredState({
-      active: true,
-      message: "Extension upgrade required (minimum 0.2.0).",
+    await markUpgradeRequired({
       apiBaseUrl: "https://api.openerrata.com",
+      minimumSupportedExtensionVersion: "0.2.0",
     });
+    const upgradeMessage =
+      "Update required: this API server now requires OpenErrata extension version 0.2.0 or newer.";
 
     updateToolbarBadge(30, createPostStatus("INVESTIGATED", { claimCount: 2 }));
     await flushAsyncQueue();
@@ -413,10 +383,10 @@ test("upgrade-required state overrides badge and title until cleared", async ()
     assert.equal(colorCall.color, "#dc2626");
     assert.deepEqual(calls.setTitle[0], {
       tabId: 30,
-      title: "Extension upgrade required (minimum 0.2.0).",
+      title: upgradeMessage,
     });
 
-    setUpgradeRequiredState({ active: false });
+    await clearUpgradeRequired();
     updateToolbarBadge(30, createPostStatus("INVESTIGATED", { claimCount: 2 }));
     await flushAsyncQueue();
 
diff --git a/src/typescript/extension/test/unit/background-upgrade-required-restore.test.ts b/src/typescript/extension/test/unit/background-upgrade-required-restore.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..15f09ca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/typescript/extension/test/unit/background-upgrade-required-restore.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+import assert from "node:assert/strict";
+import { test } from "node:test";
+import { installChromeMock } from "../helpers/chrome-mock";
+
+// Persisted by an older extension version, for the API still configured.
+const chromeState = installChromeMock({ version: "0.4.0" });
+chromeState.local["runtime:upgrade-required"] = {
+  message: "Update required",
+  detectedForVersion: "0.3.3",
+  apiBaseUrl: "https://api.openerrata.com",
+};
+const upgradeRequired = await import("../../src/background/upgrade-required");
+
+test("a notice recorded before the extension updated is dropped on restore", async () => {
+  assert.deepEqual(await upgradeRequired.getUpgradeRequiredState(), { kind: "NOT_REQUIRED" });
+  assert.equal("runtime:upgrade-required" in chromeState.local, false);
+});
diff --git a/src/typescript/extension/test/unit/background-upgrade-required-state.test.ts b/src/typescript/extension/test/unit/background-upgrade-required-state.test.ts
deleted file mode 100644
index 947720b..0000000
--- a/src/typescript/extension/test/unit/background-upgrade-required-state.test.ts
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,60 +0,0 @@
-import assert from "node:assert/strict";
-import { test } from "node:test";
-import { shouldIgnoreMetadataLessUpgradeRequiredRefresh } from "../../src/background/upgrade-required-state.js";
-
-test("shouldIgnoreMetadataLessUpgradeRequiredRefresh ignores metadata-less refresh for active state on same API", () => {
-  assert.equal(
-    shouldIgnoreMetadataLessUpgradeRequiredRefresh({
-      state: {
-        active: true,
-        message:
-          "Update required: this API server now requires OpenErrata extension version 0.2.0 or newer.",
-        apiBaseUrl: "https://api.openerrata.com",
-      },
-      apiBaseUrl: "https://api.openerrata.com",
-      minimumSupportedExtensionVersion: undefined,
-    }),
-    true,
-  );
-});
-
-test("shouldIgnoreMetadataLessUpgradeRequiredRefresh does not ignore when minimum version metadata is present", () => {
-  assert.equal(
-    shouldIgnoreMetadataLessUpgradeRequiredRefresh({
-      state: {
-        active: true,
-        message: "Update required",
-        apiBaseUrl: "https://api.openerrata.com",
-      },
-      apiBaseUrl: "https://api.openerrata.com",
-      minimumSupportedExtensionVersion: "0.2.1",
-    }),
-    false,
-  );
-});
-
-test("shouldIgnoreMetadataLessUpgradeRequiredRefresh does not ignore when state is inactive", () => {
-  assert.equal(
-    shouldIgnoreMetadataLessUpgradeRequiredRefresh({
-      state: { active: false },
-      apiBaseUrl: "https://api.openerrata.com",
-      minimumSupportedExtensionVersion: undefined,
-    }),
-    false,
-  );
-});
-
-test("shouldIgnoreMetadataLessUpgradeRequiredRefresh does not ignore when API base URL changed", () => {
-  assert.equal(
-    shouldIgnoreMetadataLessUpgradeRequiredRefresh({
-      state: {
-        active: true,
-        message: "Update required",
-        apiBaseUrl: "https://api.openerrata.com",
-      },
-      apiBaseUrl: "https://custom.example.com",
-      minimumSupportedExtensionVersion: undefined,
-    }),
-    false,
-  );
-});
diff --git a/src/typescript/extension/test/unit/background-upgrade-required.test.ts b/src/typescript/extension/test/unit/background-upgrade-required.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3c1e8ad
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/typescript/extension/test/unit/background-upgrade-required.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+import assert from "node:assert/strict";
+import { test } from "node:test";
+import { installChromeMock } from "../helpers/chrome-mock";
+
+const chromeState = installChromeMock({ version: "0.3.3" });
+const upgradeRequired = await import("../../src/background/upgrade-required");
+
+const STORAGE_KEY = "runtime:upgrade-required";
+
+test("an upgrade notice is recorded for the configured API and persisted", async () => {
+  let changes = 0;
+  upgradeRequired.setUpgradeRequiredChangeListener(() => {
+    changes += 1;
+  });
+  assert.deepEqual(await upgradeRequired.getUpgradeRequiredState(), { kind: "NOT_REQUIRED" });
+
+  await upgradeRequired.markUpgradeRequired({
+    apiBaseUrl: "https://api.openerrata.com",
+    minimumSupportedExtensionVersion: "0.4.0",
+  });
+  const required = await upgradeRequired.getUpgradeRequiredState();
+  assert.equal(required.kind, "REQUIRED");
+  assert.match(required.kind === "REQUIRED" ? required.message : "", /0\.4\.0/);
+  assert.deepEqual(chromeState.local[STORAGE_KEY], {
+    message: required.kind === "REQUIRED" ? required.message : "",
+    detectedForVersion: "0.3.3",
+    apiBaseUrl: "https://api.openerrata.com",
+  });
+
+  // A later rejection without version metadata keeps the more specific notice.
+  await upgradeRequired.markUpgradeRequired({
+    apiBaseUrl: "https://api.openerrata.com",
+    minimumSupportedExtensionVersion: undefined,
+  });
+  assert.deepEqual(await upgradeRequired.getUpgradeRequiredState(), required);
+
+  await upgradeRequired.clearUpgradeRequired();
+  assert.deepEqual(await upgradeRequired.getUpgradeRequiredState(), { kind: "NOT_REQUIRED" });
+  assert.equal(STORAGE_KEY in chromeState.local, false);
+  assert.equal(changes, 2);
+});
diff --git a/src/typescript/extension/test/unit/block-separator-parity.test.ts b/src/typescript/extension/test/unit/block-separator-parity.test.ts
index bb74291..bcfcd5e 100644
--- a/src/typescript/extension/test/unit/block-separator-parity.test.ts
+++ b/src/typescript/extension/test/unit/block-separator-parity.test.ts
@@ -1,15 +1,15 @@
 import assert from "node:assert/strict";
 import { test } from "node:test";
-import { CONTENT_BLOCK_SEPARATOR_TAGS } from "@openerrata/shared";
+import { WORD_SEPARATOR_TAGS } from "@openerrata/shared";
 import {
   lesswrongHtmlToNormalizedText,
   wikipediaHtmlToNormalizedText,
 } from "../../../api/src/lib/services/content-fetcher.js";
-import { extractContentWithImageOccurrencesFromRoot } from "../../src/content/adapters/utils.js";
+import { extractContent } from "../../src/content/adapters/utils.js";
 import { withWindow } from "../helpers/adapter-harness.js";
 
-// ── Client/Server block separator parity ────────────────────────────────
-// For every tag in CONTENT_BLOCK_SEPARATOR_TAGS, synthetic HTML containing
+// ── Client/Server word separator parity ─────────────────────────────────
+// For every tag in WORD_SEPARATOR_TAGS, synthetic HTML containing
 // adjacent elements of that tag must produce identical normalized text from
 // client-side JSDOM TreeWalker extraction and server-side parse5 extraction.
 // This catches bugs where one side injects a word-boundary separator and the
@@ -18,33 +18,37 @@ import { withWindow } from "../helpers/adapter-harness.js";
 /**
  * Table-related tags can't contain text as direct children in valid HTML.
  * parse5 foster-parents bare text outside the element, defeating the test.
- * These overrides provide minimal valid table structures that exercise each
+ * Void elements (<br>, <hr>) hold no text and separate the text around them.
+ * These overrides provide minimal valid structures that exercise each such
  * tag as a separator. (Duplicated from content-fetcher.test.ts by design —
  * the parity test must use the same HTML through both engines.)
  */
-const TABLE_BLOCK_SEPARATOR_HTML: Record<string, string> = {
+const SEPARATOR_HTML_OVERRIDES: Record<string, string> = {
   tr: "<table><tbody><tr><td>Word1</td></tr><tr><td>Word2</td></tr></tbody></table>",
   td: "<table><tbody><tr><td>Word1</td><td>Word2</td></tr></tbody></table>",
   th: "<table><thead><tr><th>Word1</th><th>Word2</th></tr></thead></table>",
+  br: "<p>Word1<br>Word2</p>",
+  hr: "Word1<hr>Word2",
 };
 
 function extractClientText(html: string, url: string): string {
   return withWindow(url, `<!doctype html><html><body>${html}</body></html>`, (document) => {
     const root = document.body;
-    return extractContentWithImageOccurrencesFromRoot(root, url).contentText;
+    return extractContent(root, { exclude: () => false, imageSelector: "img[src]", baseUrl: url })
+      .contentText;
   });
 }
 
 test("client JSDOM and server parse5 produce identical normalized text for every CONTENT_BLOCK_SEPARATOR_TAG (LessWrong path)", () => {
-  for (const tag of CONTENT_BLOCK_SEPARATOR_TAGS) {
-    const html = TABLE_BLOCK_SEPARATOR_HTML[tag] ?? `<${tag}>Word1</${tag}><${tag}>Word2</${tag}>`;
+  for (const tag of WORD_SEPARATOR_TAGS) {
+    const html = SEPARATOR_HTML_OVERRIDES[tag] ?? `<${tag}>Word1</${tag}><${tag}>Word2</${tag}>`;
     const clientText = extractClientText(html, "https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/test/parity");
     const serverText = lesswrongHtmlToNormalizedText(html);
 
     assert.equal(
       clientText,
       serverText,
-      `Block separator parity failed for <${tag}> (LessWrong):\n` +
+      `Word separator parity failed for <${tag}> (LessWrong):\n` +
         `  client: ${JSON.stringify(clientText)}\n` +
         `  server: ${JSON.stringify(serverText)}`,
     );
@@ -52,8 +56,8 @@ test("client JSDOM and server parse5 produce identical normalized text for every
 });
 
 test("client JSDOM and server parse5 produce identical normalized text for every CONTENT_BLOCK_SEPARATOR_TAG (Wikipedia path)", () => {
-  for (const tag of CONTENT_BLOCK_SEPARATOR_TAGS) {
-    const inner = TABLE_BLOCK_SEPARATOR_HTML[tag] ?? `<${tag}>Word1</${tag}><${tag}>Word2</${tag}>`;
+  for (const tag of WORD_SEPARATOR_TAGS) {
+    const inner = SEPARATOR_HTML_OVERRIDES[tag] ?? `<${tag}>Word1</${tag}><${tag}>Word2</${tag}>`;
     const wikiHtml = `<div class="mw-parser-output">${inner}</div>`;
 
     const clientText = withWindow(
@@ -62,10 +66,11 @@ test("client JSDOM and server parse5 produce identical normalized text for every
       (document) => {
         const root = document.querySelector(".mw-parser-output");
         if (!root) throw new Error("Missing .mw-parser-output");
-        return extractContentWithImageOccurrencesFromRoot(
-          root,
-          "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Test",
-        ).contentText;
+        return extractContent(root, {
+          exclude: () => false,
+          imageSelector: "img[src]",
+          baseUrl: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Test",
+        }).contentText;
       },
     );
     const serverText = wikipediaHtmlToNormalizedText(wikiHtml);
@@ -73,7 +78,7 @@ test("client JSDOM and server parse5 produce identical normalized text for every
     assert.equal(
       clientText,
       serverText,
-      `Block separator parity failed for <${tag}> (Wikipedia):\n` +
+      `Word separator parity failed for <${tag}> (Wikipedia):\n` +
         `  client: ${JSON.stringify(clientText)}\n` +
         `  server: ${JSON.stringify(serverText)}`,
     );
diff --git a/src/typescript/extension/test/unit/claim-markdown.test.ts b/src/typescript/extension/test/unit/claim-markdown.test.ts
index e58d4c6..7dcfcc8 100644
--- a/src/typescript/extension/test/unit/claim-markdown.test.ts
+++ b/src/typescript/extension/test/unit/claim-markdown.test.ts
@@ -46,3 +46,33 @@ test("renderClaimReasoningHtml drops non-http(s) markdown links", () => {
   assert.equal(template.content.querySelectorAll("a").length, 0);
   assert.match(template.content.textContent, /Bad \[js\]\(javascript:alert\(1\)\) and mailto\./);
 });
+
+test("renderClaimReasoningHtml never emits images that would load attacker-chosen URLs", () => {
+  const template = renderToTemplate(
+    "Evidence: ![tracking pixel](https://attacker.example/pixel.png?reader=1) and <img src=https://attacker.example/raw.png>.",
+  );
+
+  assert.equal(template.content.querySelectorAll("img").length, 0);
+  // Nothing loads by itself: no element references a URL except links, which need a click.
+  for (const element of Array.from(template.content.querySelectorAll("*"))) {
+    assert.equal(element.hasAttribute("src"), false);
+    assert.equal(element.hasAttribute("srcset"), false);
+  }
+});
+
+test("renderClaimReasoningHtml strips attributes and tags outside the formatting allowlist", () => {
+  const template = renderToTemplate(
+    "Some **bold** text and `code`.\n\n| a | b |\n|---|---|\n| 1 | 2 |",
+  );
+
+  assert.notEqual(template.content.querySelector("strong"), null);
+  assert.notEqual(template.content.querySelector("code"), null);
+  for (const element of Array.from(template.content.querySelectorAll("*"))) {
+    for (const attribute of Array.from(element.attributes)) {
+      assert.ok(
+        ["href", "target", "rel"].includes(attribute.name),
+        `unexpected attribute ${attribute.name} on <${element.tagName.toLowerCase()}>`,
+      );
+    }
+  }
+});
diff --git a/src/typescript/extension/test/unit/content-annotation-lifecycle.test.ts b/src/typescript/extension/test/unit/content-annotation-lifecycle.test.ts
index bc42cfe..dc18b92 100644
--- a/src/typescript/extension/test/unit/content-annotation-lifecycle.test.ts
+++ b/src/typescript/extension/test/unit/content-annotation-lifecycle.test.ts
@@ -5,13 +5,8 @@ import {
   extensionPageStatusSchema,
   investigationIdSchema,
   type InvestigationClaim,
-  type ViewPostOutput,
 } from "@openerrata/shared";
-import {
-  areClaimsEqual,
-  extractDisplayClaimsFromStatus,
-  extractDisplayClaimsFromViewPost,
-} from "../../src/content/annotation-lifecycle.js";
+import { areClaimsEqual, displayClaimsForStatus } from "../../src/content/annotation-lifecycle.js";
 
 function makeClaim(id: string): InvestigationClaim {
   return {
@@ -55,61 +50,55 @@ test("areClaimsEqual returns false when source fields differ", () => {
   assert.equal(areClaimsEqual(left, right), false);
 });
 
-test("extractDisplayClaimsFromViewPost returns investigated claims", () => {
-  const claims = [makeClaim("claim-1")];
-  const viewPost: ViewPostOutput = {
-    investigationState: "INVESTIGATED",
-    provenance: "SERVER_VERIFIED",
-    claims,
-  };
-
-  assert.deepEqual(extractDisplayClaimsFromViewPost(viewPost), claims);
-});
-
-test("extractDisplayClaimsFromViewPost falls back to prior investigation old claims", () => {
+test("displayClaimsForStatus shows final claims, else interim claims, else nothing", () => {
   const claims = [makeClaim("claim-1")];
-  const viewPost: ViewPostOutput = {
-    investigationState: "NOT_INVESTIGATED",
-    priorInvestigationResult: {
-      oldClaims: claims,
-      sourceInvestigationId: investigationIdSchema.parse("inv-1"),
-    },
-  };
-
-  assert.deepEqual(extractDisplayClaimsFromViewPost(viewPost), claims);
-});
-
-test("extractDisplayClaimsFromStatus returns null for non-post statuses", () => {
-  const status = {
-    kind: "SKIPPED",
-    tabSessionId: 1,
-    platform: "X",
-    externalId: "post-1",
-    pageUrl: "https://x.com/example/status/1",
-    reason: "no_text",
+  const prior = {
+    oldClaims: [makeClaim("old-1")],
+    sourceInvestigationId: investigationIdSchema.parse("old"),
   };
-
-  assert.equal(extractDisplayClaimsFromStatus(extensionPageStatusSchema.parse(status)), null);
-});
-
-test("extractDisplayClaimsFromStatus returns prior old claims for in-progress status", () => {
-  const claims = [makeClaim("claim-1")];
-  const status = {
+  const base = {
     kind: "POST",
-    tabSessionId: 1,
+    tabSessionId: "00000000-0000-4000-8000-000000000001",
     platform: "X",
-    externalId: "post-1",
-    pageUrl: "https://x.com/example/status/1",
-    investigationState: "INVESTIGATING",
-    status: "PROCESSING",
-    provenance: "SERVER_VERIFIED",
-    pendingClaims: [],
-    confirmedClaims: [],
-    priorInvestigationResult: {
-      oldClaims: claims,
-      sourceInvestigationId: investigationIdSchema.parse("inv-1"),
-    },
+    externalId: "1",
+    pageUrl: "https://x.com/a/status/1",
+  };
+  const parse = (status: object) => {
+    const parsed = extensionPageStatusSchema.parse({ ...base, ...status });
+    if (parsed.kind !== "POST") throw new Error("expected a post status");
+    return parsed;
   };
 
-  assert.deepEqual(extractDisplayClaimsFromStatus(extensionPageStatusSchema.parse(status)), claims);
+  assert.deepEqual(
+    displayClaimsForStatus(
+      parse({
+        investigationState: "INVESTIGATED",
+        investigationId: "i",
+        provenance: "SERVER_VERIFIED",
+        claims,
+      }),
+    ),
+    claims,
+  );
+  assert.deepEqual(
+    displayClaimsForStatus(
+      parse({ investigationState: "NOT_INVESTIGATED", priorInvestigationResult: prior }),
+    ),
+    prior.oldClaims,
+  );
+  assert.deepEqual(
+    displayClaimsForStatus(
+      parse({
+        investigationState: "INVESTIGATING",
+        investigationId: "i",
+        status: "PENDING",
+        provenance: "SERVER_VERIFIED",
+        pendingClaims: [],
+        confirmedClaims: [],
+        priorInvestigationResult: null,
+      }),
+    ),
+    [],
+  );
+  assert.deepEqual(displayClaimsForStatus(parse({ investigationState: "API_ERROR" })), []);
 });
diff --git a/src/typescript/extension/test/unit/content-annotations-controller.test.ts b/src/typescript/extension/test/unit/content-annotations-controller.test.ts
index 249caff..5f0d27f 100644
--- a/src/typescript/extension/test/unit/content-annotations-controller.test.ts
+++ b/src/typescript/extension/test/unit/content-annotations-controller.test.ts
@@ -1,246 +1,113 @@
 import assert from "node:assert/strict";
 import { test } from "node:test";
-import { JSDOM } from "jsdom";
 import type { InvestigationClaim } from "@openerrata/shared";
+import type { PlatformAdapter } from "../../src/content/adapters/index";
+import { excludeNothing } from "../../src/content/adapters/model";
 import {
   ANNOTATION_CLAIM_ID_ATTRIBUTE,
   ANNOTATION_SELECTOR,
 } from "../../src/content/annotation-dom";
 import { AnnotationController } from "../../src/content/annotations";
-import { renderAnnotations, clearAnnotations } from "../../src/content/annotator";
+import { unwrapPieces, wrapAnnotations } from "../../src/content/annotator";
 import { mapClaimsToDom } from "../../src/content/dom-mapper";
+import { buildDomTextIndex } from "../../src/content/dom-text-index";
+import { requireElement, withDom } from "../helpers/dom";
 
-function installDom(html: string): () => void {
-  const dom = new JSDOM(html, { url: "https://example.com" });
-  const originalWindow = globalThis.window;
-  const originalDocument = globalThis.document;
-  const originalNode = globalThis.Node;
-  const originalText = globalThis.Text;
-  const originalElement = globalThis.Element;
-  const originalNodeFilter = globalThis.NodeFilter;
-  const originalMutationObserver = globalThis.MutationObserver;
-  const originalRange = globalThis.Range;
-
-  Object.assign(globalThis, {
-    window: dom.window,
-    document: dom.window.document,
-    Node: dom.window.Node,
-    Text: dom.window.Text,
-    Element: dom.window.Element,
-    NodeFilter: dom.window.NodeFilter,
-    MutationObserver: dom.window.MutationObserver,
-    Range: dom.window.Range,
-  });
-
-  return () => {
-    dom.window.close();
-    Object.assign(globalThis, {
-      window: originalWindow,
-      document: originalDocument,
-      Node: originalNode,
-      Text: originalText,
-      Element: originalElement,
-      NodeFilter: originalNodeFilter,
-      MutationObserver: originalMutationObserver,
-      Range: originalRange,
-    });
-  };
-}
-
-function createClaim(
-  text: string,
-  options?: { id?: InvestigationClaim["id"]; context?: string },
-): InvestigationClaim {
+function createClaim(text: string, id = "claim-1"): InvestigationClaim {
   return {
-    id: options?.id ?? ("claim-1" as InvestigationClaim["id"]),
+    id: id as InvestigationClaim["id"],
     text,
-    context: options?.context ?? text,
+    context: text,
     summary: "Claim summary",
     reasoning: "Claim reasoning",
-    sources: [
-      {
-        url: "https://example.com/source",
-        title: "Source",
-        snippet: "Snippet",
-      },
-    ],
+    sources: [{ url: "https://example.com/source", title: "Source", snippet: "Snippet" }],
   };
 }
 
-test("AnnotationController manages visibility and claim state transitions", () => {
-  const restoreDom = installDom(
-    '<!doctype html><html><body><div id="root">This page has no annotations yet.</div></body></html>',
-  );
-  const controller = new AnnotationController();
+function rootAdapter(exclude: (element: Element) => boolean = () => false): PlatformAdapter {
+  return {
+    platformKey: "LESSWRONG",
+    matches: () => true,
+    pageLocator: () => null,
+    extract: () => ({ kind: "not_ready", reason: "hydrating" }),
+    getContentRoot: (document) => document.getElementById("root"),
+    contentExclusionFilter: () => exclude,
+  };
+}
 
-  try {
-    assert.equal(controller.isVisible(), true);
-    assert.deepEqual(controller.getClaims(), []);
+test("AnnotationController highlights claims in the content root and re-applies them when the page drops them", () => {
+  withDom('<article id="root">Earth is flat and orbits the sun.</article>', (document) => {
+    const controller = new AnnotationController();
+    const adapter = rootAdapter();
+    const claim = createClaim("Earth is flat");
+
+    assert.equal(controller.showClaims([claim], adapter), true);
+    const mark = document.querySelector(ANNOTATION_SELECTOR);
+    assert.equal(mark?.getAttribute(ANNOTATION_CLAIM_ID_ATTRIBUTE), claim.id);
+    assert.equal(mark.textContent, "Earth is flat");
+    assert.equal(controller.renderedAnchorFor(claim.id), mark);
 
-    const claim = createClaim("No-op claim");
-    controller.setClaims([claim]);
-    assert.deepEqual(controller.getClaims(), [claim]);
+    // A framework re-render replaces the text and our marks with it.
+    requireElement(document, "#root").textContent = "Earth is flat and orbits the sun.";
+    assert.equal(document.querySelectorAll(ANNOTATION_SELECTOR).length, 0);
+    controller.reapplyIfMissing(adapter);
+    assert.equal(document.querySelectorAll(ANNOTATION_SELECTOR).length, 1);
 
     controller.hide();
+    assert.equal(document.querySelectorAll(ANNOTATION_SELECTOR).length, 0);
     assert.equal(controller.isVisible(), false);
-
-    controller.show(null);
-    assert.equal(controller.isVisible(), true);
+    controller.show(adapter);
+    assert.equal(document.querySelectorAll(ANNOTATION_SELECTOR).length, 1);
 
     controller.clearAll();
     assert.deepEqual(controller.getClaims(), []);
-  } finally {
-    restoreDom();
-  }
-});
-
-test("AnnotationController render + reapplyIfMissing map claims into the content root", () => {
-  const restoreDom = installDom(
-    '<!doctype html><html><body><article id="root">Earth is round and orbits the sun.</article></body></html>',
-  );
-  const controller = new AnnotationController();
-  const claim = createClaim("Earth is round and orbits the sun.");
-  const adapter = {
-    getContentRoot: () => document.getElementById("root"),
-  };
-
-  try {
-    controller.setClaims([claim]);
-
-    assert.equal(controller.render(adapter as never), true);
-    assert.equal(document.querySelectorAll(".openerrata-annotation").length > 0, true);
-    const renderedMark = document.querySelector<HTMLElement>(".openerrata-annotation");
-    if (!renderedMark) {
-      throw new Error("Expected annotation mark to be rendered");
-    }
-    assert.equal(renderedMark.getAttribute(ANNOTATION_CLAIM_ID_ATTRIBUTE), claim.id);
-
-    // Force annotation disappearance and verify reapply path restores marks.
-    const root = document.getElementById("root");
-    if (!root) throw new Error("Missing #root test fixture");
-    root.textContent = "Earth is round and orbits the sun.";
-    assert.equal(document.querySelectorAll(".openerrata-annotation").length, 0);
-
-    controller.reapplyIfMissing(adapter as never);
-    assert.equal(document.querySelectorAll(".openerrata-annotation").length > 0, true);
-
-    controller.hide();
-    assert.equal(document.querySelectorAll(".openerrata-annotation").length, 0);
-  } finally {
-    restoreDom();
-  }
+    assert.equal(document.querySelectorAll(ANNOTATION_SELECTOR).length, 0);
+  });
 });
 
-test("AnnotationController render returns false when content root cannot be resolved", () => {
-  const restoreDom = installDom("<!doctype html><html><body></body></html>");
-  const controller = new AnnotationController();
-
-  try {
-    controller.setClaims([createClaim("Missing root claim")]);
-    const adapter = {
-      getContentRoot: () => null,
-    };
-
-    assert.equal(controller.render(adapter as never), false);
-  } finally {
-    restoreDom();
-  }
+test("AnnotationController reports a missing content root instead of rendering nothing silently", () => {
+  withDom("<main></main>", () => {
+    const controller = new AnnotationController();
+    assert.equal(controller.showClaims([createClaim("Missing root claim")], rootAdapter()), false);
+  });
 });
 
-// ── renderAnnotations with exclusion filter ─────────────────────────────────
-
-test("renderAnnotations with filter renders single-text-node matches identically to no-filter", () => {
-  // Regression: when shouldExcludeElement was present, renderAnnotations forced
-  // highlightFragments for ALL ranges. highlightFragments uses a TreeWalker
-  // starting from range.commonAncestorContainer — but when that's a Text node
-  // (single-text-node match), nextNode() has no descendants to visit, so zero
-  // marks were rendered. The fix uses surroundContents for single-text-node
-  // ranges even with a filter.
-  const restoreDom = installDom(
-    '<!doctype html><html><body><article id="root">' +
-      "The climate has changed significantly over the past century." +
-      "</article></body></html>",
-  );
-
-  try {
-    const root = document.getElementById("root");
-    if (!(root instanceof Element)) {
-      throw new Error("Missing #root test fixture");
-    }
-
-    const claim = createClaim("climate has changed significantly");
-
-    // A filter that excludes nothing — should produce identical output to no filter
-    const neverExclude = (_el: Element): boolean => false;
-
-    const annotations = mapClaimsToDom([claim], root, { allowFuzzy: false });
-    assert.equal(annotations[0]?.matched, true, "Claim should match");
-
-    // Render with filter
-    renderAnnotations(annotations, neverExclude);
-    const marksWithFilter = root.querySelectorAll(ANNOTATION_SELECTOR).length;
-
-    // Clean up
-    clearAnnotations();
-
-    // Render without filter (baseline)
-    renderAnnotations(annotations);
-    const marksWithoutFilter = root.querySelectorAll(ANNOTATION_SELECTOR).length;
-
-    clearAnnotations();
-
-    assert.ok(marksWithFilter > 0, "Filter path must render at least one mark");
-    assert.equal(
-      marksWithFilter,
-      marksWithoutFilter,
-      "Filter and no-filter paths must produce the same number of marks for single-text-node ranges",
+test("clearing highlights restores the page's own text nodes without merging its neighbours", () => {
+  withDom('<p id="root"></p>', (document) => {
+    const root = requireElement(document, "#root");
+    // Two adjacent text nodes the page (e.g. React) owns separately.
+    const owned = document.createTextNode("Water boils at 50 degrees ");
+    const neighbour = document.createTextNode("at sea level.");
+    root.append(owned, neighbour);
+
+    const index = buildDomTextIndex(root, { exclude: excludeNothing() });
+    const pieces = wrapAnnotations(
+      mapClaimsToDom([createClaim("boils at 50 degrees", "a"), createClaim("Water", "b")], index),
     );
-  } finally {
-    restoreDom();
-  }
-});
-
-test("renderAnnotations with filter skips excluded text nodes in multi-node ranges", () => {
-  // When a range spans excluded elements (e.g. citation superscripts),
-  // the filter should prevent marks from wrapping those excluded text nodes.
-  const restoreDom = installDom(
-    '<!doctype html><html><body><article id="root">' +
-      'The treaty was signed<sup class="ref">[1]</sup> by all parties.' +
-      "</article></body></html>",
-  );
-
-  try {
-    const root = document.getElementById("root");
-    if (!(root instanceof Element)) {
-      throw new Error("Missing #root test fixture");
-    }
-
-    const claim = createClaim("The treaty was signed by all parties.");
-    const shouldExclude = (el: Element): boolean =>
-      el.tagName === "SUP" && el.classList.contains("ref");
-
-    const annotations = mapClaimsToDom([claim], root, {
-      allowFuzzy: false,
-      shouldExcludeElement: shouldExclude,
-    });
-    assert.equal(annotations[0]?.matched, true, "Claim should match with filter");
+    assert.equal(document.querySelectorAll(ANNOTATION_SELECTOR).length, 2);
 
-    renderAnnotations(annotations, shouldExclude);
-
-    // Marks should exist on the prose text nodes
-    const marks = root.querySelectorAll(ANNOTATION_SELECTOR);
-    assert.ok(marks.length > 0, "Should render annotation marks");
+    unwrapPieces(pieces);
+    assert.equal(document.querySelectorAll(ANNOTATION_SELECTOR).length, 0);
+    assert.deepEqual(Array.from(root.childNodes), [owned, neighbour]);
+    assert.equal(owned.data, "Water boils at 50 degrees ");
+    assert.equal(neighbour.data, "at sea level.");
+  });
+});
 
-    // No mark should contain the excluded "[1]" text
-    for (const mark of marks) {
-      assert.ok(
-        !mark.textContent.includes("[1]"),
-        "Annotation mark must not wrap excluded citation text",
+test("highlights never wrap excluded content inside a claim", () => {
+  withDom(
+    '<article id="root">The treaty was signed<sup class="ref">[1]</sup> by all parties.</article>',
+    (document) => {
+      const controller = new AnnotationController();
+      controller.showClaims(
+        [createClaim("The treaty was signed by all parties.")],
+        rootAdapter((element) => element.classList.contains("ref")),
       );
-    }
-
-    clearAnnotations();
-  } finally {
-    restoreDom();
-  }
+      const marks = Array.from(document.querySelectorAll(ANNOTATION_SELECTOR));
+      assert.deepEqual(
+        marks.map((mark) => mark.textContent),
+        ["The treaty was signed", " by all parties."],
+      );
+    },
+  );
 });
diff --git a/src/typescript/extension/test/unit/content-bootstrap.test.ts b/src/typescript/extension/test/unit/content-bootstrap.test.ts
index dbe36ee..21d0868 100644
--- a/src/typescript/extension/test/unit/content-bootstrap.test.ts
+++ b/src/typescript/extension/test/unit/content-bootstrap.test.ts
@@ -1,92 +1,34 @@
 import assert from "node:assert/strict";
 import { test } from "node:test";
 import {
-  bootOpenErrataController,
+  bootOpenErrataControllerOnce,
   type OpenErrataBootstrapTarget,
-  type OpenErrataControllerLifecycle,
 } from "../../src/content/bootstrap.js";
 
-type TestController = OpenErrataControllerLifecycle & {
-  id: string;
-  bootCalls: number;
-  disposeCalls: number;
-};
-
-function createController(
-  id: string,
-  events: string[],
-  options: { throwOnDispose?: boolean } = {},
-): TestController {
+function createController(id: string, events: string[]) {
   return {
     id,
-    bootCalls: 0,
-    disposeCalls: 0,
     boot() {
-      this.bootCalls += 1;
       events.push(`boot:${id}`);
     },
-    dispose() {
-      this.disposeCalls += 1;
-      events.push(`dispose:${id}`);
-      if (options.throwOnDispose) {
-        throw new Error(`dispose failed for ${id}`);
-      }
-    },
   };
 }
 
-test("bootOpenErrataController boots a new controller and stores it on target", () => {
-  const events: string[] = [];
-  const target: OpenErrataBootstrapTarget<TestController> = {};
-  const next = createController("next", events);
-
-  const result = bootOpenErrataController(target, () => next);
-
-  assert.equal(result, next);
-  assert.equal(target.__openerrata_controller, next);
-  assert.equal(next.bootCalls, 1);
-  assert.equal(next.disposeCalls, 0);
-  assert.deepEqual(events, ["boot:next"]);
-});
-
-test("bootOpenErrataController disposes existing controller before booting replacement", () => {
+test("the first injection boots a controller and stores it on the page's isolated world", () => {
   const events: string[] = [];
-  const previous = createController("previous", events);
-  const target: OpenErrataBootstrapTarget<TestController> = {
-    __openerrata_controller: previous,
-  };
-  const next = createController("next", events);
-
-  bootOpenErrataController(target, () => next);
+  const target: OpenErrataBootstrapTarget<ReturnType<typeof createController>> = {};
+  const controller = bootOpenErrataControllerOnce(target, () => createController("first", events));
 
-  assert.equal(previous.disposeCalls, 1);
-  assert.equal(next.bootCalls, 1);
-  assert.equal(target.__openerrata_controller, next);
-  assert.deepEqual(events, ["dispose:previous", "boot:next"]);
+  assert.equal(target.__openerrata_controller, controller);
+  assert.deepEqual(events, ["boot:first"]);
 });
 
-test("bootOpenErrataController still boots replacement when previous dispose throws", () => {
+test("a repeated injection keeps the live controller instead of booting a second one", () => {
   const events: string[] = [];
-  const previous = createController("previous", events, { throwOnDispose: true });
-  const target: OpenErrataBootstrapTarget<TestController> = {
-    __openerrata_controller: previous,
-  };
-  const next = createController("next", events);
-  const originalDebug = console.debug;
-  const debugCalls: unknown[][] = [];
-  console.debug = (...args: unknown[]) => {
-    debugCalls.push(args);
-  };
-
-  try {
-    bootOpenErrataController(target, () => next);
-  } finally {
-    console.debug = originalDebug;
-  }
+  const target: OpenErrataBootstrapTarget<ReturnType<typeof createController>> = {};
+  const first = bootOpenErrataControllerOnce(target, () => createController("first", events));
+  const second = bootOpenErrataControllerOnce(target, () => createController("second", events));
 
-  assert.equal(previous.disposeCalls, 1);
-  assert.equal(next.bootCalls, 1);
-  assert.equal(target.__openerrata_controller, next);
-  assert.deepEqual(events, ["dispose:previous", "boot:next"]);
-  assert.equal(debugCalls.length, 1);
+  assert.equal(second, first);
+  assert.deepEqual(events, ["boot:first"]);
 });
diff --git a/src/typescript/extension/test/unit/content-control-message-handler.test.ts b/src/typescript/extension/test/unit/content-control-message-handler.test.ts
deleted file mode 100644
index b6833f2..0000000
--- a/src/typescript/extension/test/unit/content-control-message-handler.test.ts
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,75 +0,0 @@
-import assert from "node:assert/strict";
-import { test } from "node:test";
-import {
-  EXTENSION_MESSAGE_PROTOCOL_VERSION,
-  extensionRuntimeErrorResponseSchema,
-} from "@openerrata/shared";
-import { handleContentControlMessage } from "../../src/content/control-message-handler.js";
-
-test("handleContentControlMessage routes FOCUS_CLAIM to controller", async () => {
-  const calls: string[] = [];
-  const controller = {
-    requestInvestigation: () => ({ ok: true }),
-    showAnnotations: () => ({ visible: true }),
-    hideAnnotations: () => ({ visible: false }),
-    getAnnotationVisibility: () => ({ visible: true }),
-    focusClaim: (claimId: string) => {
-      calls.push(claimId);
-      return { ok: true };
-    },
-  };
-
-  const response = handleContentControlMessage(controller, {
-    v: EXTENSION_MESSAGE_PROTOCOL_VERSION,
-    type: "FOCUS_CLAIM",
-    payload: { claimId: "claim-123" },
-  });
-
-  assert.notEqual(response, false);
-  assert.deepEqual(await response, { ok: true });
-  assert.deepEqual(calls, ["claim-123"]);
-});
-
-test("handleContentControlMessage rejects invalid control payloads", () => {
-  const controller = {
-    requestInvestigation: () => ({ ok: true }),
-    showAnnotations: () => ({ visible: true }),
-    hideAnnotations: () => ({ visible: false }),
-    getAnnotationVisibility: () => ({ visible: true }),
-    focusClaim: (_claimId: string) => ({
-      ok: true,
-    }),
-  };
-
-  const response = handleContentControlMessage(controller, {
-    v: EXTENSION_MESSAGE_PROTOCOL_VERSION,
-    type: "FOCUS_CLAIM",
-    payload: { claimId: "" },
-  });
-
-  assert.equal(response, false);
-});
-
-test("handleContentControlMessage returns unsupported protocol runtime error", async () => {
-  const controller = {
-    requestInvestigation: () => ({ ok: true }),
-    showAnnotations: () => ({ visible: true }),
-    hideAnnotations: () => ({ visible: false }),
-    getAnnotationVisibility: () => ({ visible: true }),
-    focusClaim: (_claimId: string) => ({
-      ok: true,
-    }),
-  };
-
-  const response = handleContentControlMessage(controller, {
-    v: EXTENSION_MESSAGE_PROTOCOL_VERSION + 1,
-    type: "GET_ANNOTATION_VISIBILITY",
-  });
-
-  assert.notEqual(response, false);
-  assert.deepEqual(extensionRuntimeErrorResponseSchema.parse(await response), {
-    ok: false,
-    error: `Unsupported extension message protocol version: expected ${EXTENSION_MESSAGE_PROTOCOL_VERSION}, received ${EXTENSION_MESSAGE_PROTOCOL_VERSION + 1}`,
-    errorCode: "UNSUPPORTED_PROTOCOL_VERSION",
-  });
-});
diff --git a/src/typescript/extension/test/unit/content-dom-mapper.test.ts b/src/typescript/extension/test/unit/content-dom-mapper.test.ts
index bc1bd86..b29a1ae 100644
--- a/src/typescript/extension/test/unit/content-dom-mapper.test.ts
+++ b/src/typescript/extension/test/unit/content-dom-mapper.test.ts
@@ -1,46 +1,9 @@
 import assert from "node:assert/strict";
 import { test } from "node:test";
-import { JSDOM } from "jsdom";
-import { normalizeContent, type InvestigationClaim } from "@openerrata/shared";
-import {
-  buildNormalizedTextIndex,
-  extractFilteredText,
-  mapClaimsToDom,
-} from "../../src/content/dom-mapper.js";
-
-function installDom(html: string): () => void {
-  const dom = new JSDOM(html, { url: "https://example.com" });
-  const originalWindow = globalThis.window;
-  const originalDocument = globalThis.document;
-  const originalNode = globalThis.Node;
-  const originalText = globalThis.Text;
-  const originalElement = globalThis.Element;
-  const originalNodeFilter = globalThis.NodeFilter;
-  const originalRange = globalThis.Range;
-
-  Object.assign(globalThis, {
-    window: dom.window,
-    document: dom.window.document,
-    Node: dom.window.Node,
-    Text: dom.window.Text,
-    Element: dom.window.Element,
-    NodeFilter: dom.window.NodeFilter,
-    Range: dom.window.Range,
-  });
-
-  return () => {
-    dom.window.close();
-    Object.assign(globalThis, {
-      window: originalWindow,
-      document: originalDocument,
-      Node: originalNode,
-      Text: originalText,
-      Element: originalElement,
-      NodeFilter: originalNodeFilter,
-      Range: originalRange,
-    });
-  };
-}
+import type { InvestigationClaim } from "@openerrata/shared";
+import { mapClaimsToDom, type DomAnnotation } from "../../src/content/dom-mapper.js";
+import { buildDomTextIndex, type DomTextIndex } from "../../src/content/dom-text-index.js";
+import { requireElement, withDom } from "../helpers/dom.js";
 
 function createClaim(text: string, context: string): InvestigationClaim {
   return {
@@ -49,444 +12,120 @@ function createClaim(text: string, context: string): InvestigationClaim {
     context,
     summary: "Claim summary",
     reasoning: "Claim reasoning",
-    sources: [
-      {
-        url: "https://example.com/source",
-        title: "Source",
-        snippet: "Snippet",
-      },
-    ],
+    sources: [{ url: "https://example.com/source", title: "Source", snippet: "Snippet" }],
   };
 }
 
-// ── Normalization parity (structural enforcement for Bug 1) ──────────────
-//
-// buildNormalizedTextIndex reimplements normalizeContent's transformations
-// character-by-character with position tracking. If the two diverge (e.g. a
-// new normalization step is added to normalizeContent but not to the index
-// builder), claims silently fall through to O(n²) fuzzy search. This test
-// structurally prevents that by asserting parity across a comprehensive set
-// of inputs covering every normalization step.
-
-const NORMALIZATION_PARITY_CASES: readonly { label: string; input: string }[] = [
-  { label: "plain ASCII", input: "Hello world" },
-  { label: "leading/trailing whitespace", input: "  Hello world  " },
-  { label: "collapsed internal whitespace", input: "Hello   \t\n  world" },
-  { label: "typographic double quotes", input: "\u201CHello\u201D" },
-  { label: "typographic single quotes", input: "it\u2019s a \u2018test\u2019" },
-  { label: "em dash", input: "word\u2014word" },
-  { label: "en dash", input: "word\u2013word" },
-  { label: "horizontal ellipsis", input: "wait\u2026" },
-  { label: "mixed typographic", input: "\u201CHello,\u201D she said\u2014it\u2019s a test\u2026" },
-  { label: "zero-width chars", input: "he\u200Bllo\u200Cwo\u200Drld\uFEFF" },
-  { label: "zero-width after whitespace (trailing)", input: "a \u200B" },
-  { label: "zero-width between whitespace runs", input: "hello \u200B world" },
-  { label: "zero-width before leading text", input: "\u200B a" },
-  { label: "astral emoji", input: "Prefix 😀 target text suffix." },
-  { label: "surrogate pair sequence", input: "a\uD83D\uDE00b\uD83E\uDD14c" },
-  { label: "NFC precomposed vs decomposed", input: "caf\u00E9" },
-  { label: "NFD combining sequence", input: "cafe\u0301" },
-  { label: "all dashes", input: "\u2010\u2011\u2012\u2013\u2014\u2015" },
-  { label: "empty string", input: "" },
-  { label: "whitespace only", input: "   \t\n  " },
-  { label: "single character", input: "x" },
-  {
-    label: "long mixed content",
-    input: "The \u201Cquick\u201D brown\u2014fox\u2026 jumps! Over the 😀 lazy\u2019s dog.",
-  },
-];
+function indexOf(
+  document: Document,
+  exclude: (element: Element) => boolean = () => false,
+): DomTextIndex {
+  return buildDomTextIndex(requireElement(document, "#root"), { exclude });
+}
 
-for (const { label, input } of NORMALIZATION_PARITY_CASES) {
-  test(`buildNormalizedTextIndex matches normalizeContent: ${label}`, () => {
-    const indexed = buildNormalizedTextIndex(input);
-    const expected = normalizeContent(input);
-    assert.equal(
-      indexed.normalized,
-      expected,
-      `Normalization parity failed for "${label}":\n` +
-        `  input:    ${JSON.stringify(input)}\n` +
-        `  indexed:  ${JSON.stringify(indexed.normalized)}\n` +
-        `  expected: ${JSON.stringify(expected)}`,
-    );
-  });
+function mapOne(
+  index: DomTextIndex,
+  claim: InvestigationClaim,
+  options?: { allowFuzzy?: boolean },
+): DomAnnotation {
+  const [annotation] = mapClaimsToDom([claim], index, options);
+  if (annotation === undefined) throw new Error("Expected one annotation result");
+  return annotation;
 }
 
-// ── DOM mapping tests ────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+/** The page text a match covers, piece by piece. */
+function matchedText(annotation: DomAnnotation): string | null {
+  if (!annotation.matched) return null;
+  return annotation.pieces.map((piece) => piece.node.data.slice(piece.start, piece.end)).join("|");
+}
 
 test("mapClaimsToDom preserves UTF-16 offset alignment after astral emoji", () => {
-  const restoreDom = installDom(
-    "<!doctype html><html><body><article id='root'>Prefix 😀 target text suffix.</article></body></html>",
-  );
-
-  try {
-    const root = document.getElementById("root");
-    if (!(root instanceof Element)) {
-      throw new Error("Missing #root test fixture");
-    }
-
-    const claimText = "target text";
-    const [annotation] = mapClaimsToDom(
-      [createClaim(claimText, "Prefix 😀 target text suffix.")],
-      root,
+  withDom("<article id='root'>Prefix 😀 target text suffix.</article>", (document) => {
+    const annotation = mapOne(
+      indexOf(document),
+      createClaim("target text", "Prefix 😀 target text suffix."),
     );
-    if (annotation === undefined) {
-      throw new Error("Expected one annotation result");
-    }
-
-    assert.equal(annotation.matched, true);
-    assert.notEqual(annotation.range, null);
-    assert.equal(annotation.range?.toString(), claimText);
-  } finally {
-    restoreDom();
-  }
+    assert.equal(matchedText(annotation), "target text");
+  });
 });
 
 test("mapClaimsToDom matches claims through typographic characters without fuzzy fallback", () => {
-  // Regression: commit 4359def added typographic normalization to normalizeContent()
-  // but not to buildNormalizedTextIndex(). This caused curly quotes in page text to
-  // mismatch straight quotes in claim text, forcing every claim into the expensive
-  // O(n^2) fuzzy Levenshtein search and freezing the page.
-  const restoreDom = installDom(
-    '<!doctype html><html><body><article id="root">' +
-      "\u201CHello,\u201D she said\u2014it\u2019s a test\u2026 with dashes\u2013and more." +
-      "</article></body></html>",
+  withDom(
+    '<article id="root">“Hello,” she said—it’s a test… with dashes–and more.</article>',
+    (document) => {
+      const claim = createClaim('"Hello," she said-it\'s a test... with dashes-and more.', "");
+      const annotation = mapOne(indexOf(document), claim, { allowFuzzy: false });
+      assert.equal(annotation.matched, true, "Typographic chars must match via tier 1, not fuzzy");
+    },
   );
+});
 
-  try {
-    const root = document.getElementById("root");
-    if (!(root instanceof Element)) {
-      throw new Error("Missing #root test fixture");
-    }
-
-    // Claim text uses ASCII equivalents (as normalizeContent would produce),
-    // page text uses typographic Unicode. Tier 1 exact match must succeed.
-    const claim = createClaim('"Hello," she said-it\'s a test... with dashes-and more.', "");
-    const [annotation] = mapClaimsToDom([claim], root, { allowFuzzy: false });
-    if (annotation === undefined) {
-      throw new Error("Expected one annotation result");
-    }
-
-    assert.equal(annotation.matched, true, "Typographic chars must match via tier 1, not fuzzy");
-    assert.notEqual(annotation.range, null);
-  } finally {
-    restoreDom();
-  }
+test("mapClaimsToDom reads block boundaries as word breaks, like the API and the LLM", () => {
+  // The API sends the LLM "...in 1969. Armstrong walked..." for these two
+  // paragraphs; a claim quoting across them must still be found, and its
+  // context must disambiguate the repeated sentence.
+  withDom(
+    "<article id='root'><p>Apollo 11 landed in 1969.</p><p>Armstrong walked first.</p>" +
+      "<p>Apollo 11 landed in 1969.</p><p>Aldrin followed.</p></article>",
+    (document) => {
+      const annotation = mapOne(
+        indexOf(document),
+        createClaim("Apollo 11 landed in 1969.", "Apollo 11 landed in 1969. Aldrin followed."),
+        { allowFuzzy: false },
+      );
+      assert.equal(annotation.matched, true);
+      const secondParagraph = document.querySelectorAll("#root p")[2];
+      assert.equal(annotation.pieces[0]?.node.parentElement, secondParagraph);
+    },
+  );
 });
 
 test("mapClaimsToDom falls back to first occurrence when claim text is non-unique", () => {
-  // When claim text appears multiple times in the article, tier 1 (unique exact)
-  // rejects the match. If context is empty or doesn't help, first-occurrence
-  // fallback should match without falling through to the expensive O(n²) fuzzy
-  // search. First-occurrence is an approximate-matching tier (gated behind
-  // allowFuzzy, which defaults to true).
-  const restoreDom = installDom(
-    "<!doctype html><html><body><article id='root'>" +
-      "North America is a continent. North America has many countries." +
-      "</article></body></html>",
+  withDom(
+    "<article id='root'>North America is a continent. North America has many countries.</article>",
+    (document) => {
+      const annotation = mapOne(indexOf(document), createClaim("North America", ""));
+      assert.equal(matchedText(annotation), "North America");
+    },
   );
-
-  try {
-    const root = document.getElementById("root");
-    if (!(root instanceof Element)) {
-      throw new Error("Missing #root test fixture");
-    }
-
-    // "North America" appears twice — tier 1 rejects (non-unique), no context
-    // provided so tier 2 is skipped, first-occurrence fallback should match.
-    const claim = createClaim("North America", "");
-    const [annotation] = mapClaimsToDom([claim], root);
-    if (annotation === undefined) {
-      throw new Error("Expected one annotation result");
-    }
-
-    assert.equal(annotation.matched, true, "Non-unique text must match via first occurrence");
-    assert.notEqual(annotation.range, null);
-    assert.equal(annotation.range?.toString(), "North America");
-  } finally {
-    restoreDom();
-  }
 });
 
 test("mapClaimsToDom can disable approximate matching via allowFuzzy: false", () => {
-  const restoreDom = installDom(
-    "<!doctype html><html><body><article id='root'>The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.</article></body></html>",
+  withDom(
+    "<article id='root'>The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.</article>",
+    (document) => {
+      const nearMatchClaim = createClaim("quick brown fox jumps over lazy dog", "");
+      assert.equal(mapOne(indexOf(document), nearMatchClaim).matched, true);
+      assert.equal(mapOne(indexOf(document), nearMatchClaim, { allowFuzzy: false }).matched, false);
+    },
   );
-
-  try {
-    const root = document.getElementById("root");
-    if (!(root instanceof Element)) {
-      throw new Error("Missing #root test fixture");
-    }
-
-    // "quick brown fox jumps over lazy dog" is NOT a substring of the page text
-    // (page has "the" before "lazy"), so tiers 1-2 fail. With allowFuzzy: true
-    // (default), approximate tiers (first-occurrence + Levenshtein) can match.
-    // With allowFuzzy: false, all approximate tiers are skipped.
-    const nearMatchClaim = createClaim("quick brown fox jumps over lazy dog", "");
-
-    const [fuzzyEnabled] = mapClaimsToDom([nearMatchClaim], root);
-    if (fuzzyEnabled === undefined) {
-      throw new Error("Expected one annotation result with fuzzy enabled");
-    }
-    assert.equal(fuzzyEnabled.matched, true);
-
-    const [fuzzyDisabled] = mapClaimsToDom([nearMatchClaim], root, { allowFuzzy: false });
-    if (fuzzyDisabled === undefined) {
-      throw new Error("Expected one annotation result with fuzzy disabled");
-    }
-    assert.equal(fuzzyDisabled.matched, false);
-  } finally {
-    restoreDom();
-  }
 });
 
 test("mapClaimsToDom strict mode rejects non-unique matches without disambiguating context", () => {
-  // With allowFuzzy: false, non-unique text that can't be disambiguated by
-  // context should NOT match — first-occurrence fallback is gated behind
-  // allowFuzzy. This ensures focusClaim (which uses allowFuzzy: false) only
-  // scrolls to high-confidence positions.
-  const restoreDom = installDom(
-    "<!doctype html><html><body><article id='root'>" +
-      "North America is a continent. North America has many countries." +
-      "</article></body></html>",
-  );
-
-  try {
-    const root = document.getElementById("root");
-    if (!(root instanceof Element)) {
-      throw new Error("Missing #root test fixture");
-    }
-
-    // "North America" appears twice, no context → tier 1 rejects, tier 2 skips,
-    // and with allowFuzzy: false all approximate tiers are skipped.
-    const claim = createClaim("North America", "");
-    const [annotation] = mapClaimsToDom([claim], root, { allowFuzzy: false });
-    if (annotation === undefined) {
-      throw new Error("Expected one annotation result");
-    }
-
-    assert.equal(
-      annotation.matched,
-      false,
-      "Non-unique text without context must NOT match in strict mode",
-    );
-  } finally {
-    restoreDom();
-  }
-});
-
-// ── Element exclusion filter tests ────────────────────────────────────────
-//
-// Wikipedia's live DOM contains citation superscripts like [107] inside
-// <sup class="reference"> elements. The server strips these before generating
-// claims, so verbatim claim text can't be found in the raw DOM textContent.
-// The shouldExcludeElement filter makes mapClaimsToDom skip these elements.
-
-test("mapClaimsToDom matches claim through excluded <sup class='reference'> with filter", () => {
-  // Simulates Wikipedia DOM with inline citation superscripts
-  const restoreDom = installDom(
-    '<!doctype html><html><body><article id="root">' +
-      'NAFTA was replaced<sup class="reference">[107]</sup> by the USMCA in 2020.' +
-      "</article></body></html>",
-  );
-
-  try {
-    const root = document.getElementById("root");
-    if (!(root instanceof Element)) {
-      throw new Error("Missing #root test fixture");
-    }
-
-    const claim = createClaim("NAFTA was replaced by the USMCA in 2020.", "");
-
-    // Without filter: claim text doesn't match because "[107]" is in the way
-    const [withoutFilter] = mapClaimsToDom([claim], root, { allowFuzzy: false });
-    if (withoutFilter === undefined) {
-      throw new Error("Expected one annotation result without filter");
-    }
-    assert.equal(withoutFilter.matched, false, "Should NOT match without filter");
-
-    // With filter: excluded elements are skipped, claim text matches
-    const shouldExclude = (el: Element): boolean =>
-      el.tagName === "SUP" && el.classList.contains("reference");
-
-    const [withFilter] = mapClaimsToDom([claim], root, {
-      allowFuzzy: false,
-      shouldExcludeElement: shouldExclude,
-    });
-    if (withFilter === undefined) {
-      throw new Error("Expected one annotation result with filter");
-    }
-    assert.equal(withFilter.matched, true, "Should match with filter excluding <sup>");
-    assert.notEqual(withFilter.range, null);
-    // Range.toString() includes all text in the range (including excluded nodes),
-    // but the important thing is the range was created at the correct position.
-    const rangeText = withFilter.range?.toString() ?? "";
-    assert.ok(
-      rangeText.startsWith("NAFTA was replaced"),
-      "Range should start at 'NAFTA was replaced'",
-    );
-    assert.ok(
-      rangeText.endsWith("by the USMCA in 2020."),
-      "Range should end at 'by the USMCA in 2020.'",
-    );
-  } finally {
-    restoreDom();
-  }
-});
-
-test("mapClaimsToDom Range spans correctly around excluded elements", () => {
-  // Multiple excluded elements scattered through the text
-  const restoreDom = installDom(
-    '<!doctype html><html><body><article id="root">' +
-      "The agreement" +
-      '<sup class="reference">[1]</sup>' +
-      " was signed" +
-      '<sup class="reference">[2]</sup>' +
-      " in Paris." +
-      "</article></body></html>",
-  );
-
-  try {
-    const root = document.getElementById("root");
-    if (!(root instanceof Element)) {
-      throw new Error("Missing #root test fixture");
-    }
-
-    const shouldExclude = (el: Element): boolean =>
-      el.tagName === "SUP" && el.classList.contains("reference");
-
-    const claim = createClaim("The agreement was signed in Paris.", "");
-    const [annotation] = mapClaimsToDom([claim], root, {
-      allowFuzzy: false,
-      shouldExcludeElement: shouldExclude,
-    });
-    if (annotation === undefined) {
-      throw new Error("Expected one annotation result");
-    }
-
-    assert.equal(annotation.matched, true);
-    assert.notEqual(annotation.range, null);
-    // Range.toString() includes all text in the range including excluded nodes.
-    // Verify the range starts and ends at the correct prose boundaries.
-    const rangeText = annotation.range?.toString() ?? "";
-    assert.ok(rangeText.startsWith("The agreement"), "Range should start at 'The agreement'");
-    assert.ok(rangeText.endsWith("in Paris."), "Range should end at 'in Paris.'");
-  } finally {
-    restoreDom();
-  }
-});
-
-test("mapClaimsToDom without filter preserves existing behavior (regression)", () => {
-  // Without filter, the text "[107]" IS part of textContent and should be matchable
-  const restoreDom = installDom(
-    '<!doctype html><html><body><article id="root">' +
-      'NAFTA was replaced<sup class="reference">[107]</sup> by the USMCA.' +
-      "</article></body></html>",
+  withDom(
+    "<article id='root'>North America is a continent. North America has many countries.</article>",
+    (document) => {
+      const annotation = mapOne(indexOf(document), createClaim("North America", ""), {
+        allowFuzzy: false,
+      });
+      assert.equal(annotation.matched, false);
+    },
   );
-
-  try {
-    const root = document.getElementById("root");
-    if (!(root instanceof Element)) {
-      throw new Error("Missing #root test fixture");
-    }
-
-    // This claim text includes the citation number, matching the unfiltered DOM
-    const claim = createClaim("NAFTA was replaced[107] by the USMCA.", "");
-    const [annotation] = mapClaimsToDom([claim], root, { allowFuzzy: false });
-    if (annotation === undefined) {
-      throw new Error("Expected one annotation result");
-    }
-
-    assert.equal(annotation.matched, true, "Without filter, full textContent should be matched");
-    assert.notEqual(annotation.range, null);
-  } finally {
-    restoreDom();
-  }
 });
 
-// ── Section-level exclusion tests ─────────────────────────────────────────
+test("mapClaimsToDom matches a claim through excluded citation superscripts", () => {
+  withDom(
+    '<article id="root">The agreement<sup class="reference">[1]</sup> was signed<sup class="reference">[2]</sup> in Paris.</article>',
+    (document) => {
+      const isCitation = (element: Element): boolean =>
+        element.tagName === "SUP" && element.classList.contains("reference");
+      const claim = createClaim("The agreement was signed in Paris.", "");
 
-test("extractFilteredText excludes section-level content under excluded headings", () => {
-  // Simulates Wikipedia-like structure with a "References" section that should
-  // be excluded at the section level (heading + all sibling content until the
-  // next same-or-higher-level heading).
-  const restoreDom = installDom(
-    '<!doctype html><html><body><article id="root">' +
-      "<p>Main article content about North America.</p>" +
-      "<h2>Geography</h2>" +
-      "<p>Geographic details here.</p>" +
-      "<h2>References</h2>" +
-      '<ol class="references"><li>Reference one</li><li>Reference two</li></ol>' +
-      "<h2>See also</h2>" +
-      "<p>See also content.</p>" +
-      "</article></body></html>",
-  );
+      assert.equal(mapOne(indexOf(document), claim, { allowFuzzy: false }).matched, false);
 
-  try {
-    const root = document.getElementById("root");
-    if (!(root instanceof Element)) {
-      throw new Error("Missing #root test fixture");
-    }
-
-    // Section-level filter: excludes the References heading and its content
-    // siblings, plus citation superscripts at the element level.
-    const referencesHeading = root.querySelector("h2:nth-of-type(2)");
-    const referencesContent = root.querySelector("ol.references");
-    const excludedElements = new Set<Element>();
-    if (referencesHeading) excludedElements.add(referencesHeading);
-    if (referencesContent) excludedElements.add(referencesContent);
-
-    const shouldExclude = (el: Element): boolean => {
-      // Element-level: citation superscripts
-      if (el.tagName === "SUP" && el.classList.contains("reference")) return true;
-      // Section-level: precomputed excluded section elements
-      return excludedElements.has(el);
-    };
-
-    const filteredText = extractFilteredText(root, shouldExclude);
-    assert.ok(filteredText.includes("Main article content"), "Should include main content");
-    assert.ok(filteredText.includes("Geographic details"), "Should include Geography section");
-    assert.ok(!filteredText.includes("Reference one"), "Should exclude References section content");
-    assert.ok(
-      filteredText.includes("See also content"),
-      "Should include See also section (not excluded)",
-    );
-  } finally {
-    restoreDom();
-  }
-});
-
-test("extractFilteredText skips citation superscripts at element level", () => {
-  const restoreDom = installDom(
-    '<!doctype html><html><body><article id="root">' +
-      'The treaty was signed<sup class="reference">[1]</sup> in 2020' +
-      '<sup class="reference">[2]</sup> by all parties.' +
-      "</article></body></html>",
+      const annotation = mapOne(indexOf(document, isCitation), claim, { allowFuzzy: false });
+      // Highlight pieces never include the excluded citation text.
+      assert.equal(matchedText(annotation), "The agreement| was signed| in Paris.");
+    },
   );
-
-  try {
-    const root = document.getElementById("root");
-    if (!(root instanceof Element)) {
-      throw new Error("Missing #root test fixture");
-    }
-
-    const shouldExclude = (el: Element): boolean =>
-      el.tagName === "SUP" && el.classList.contains("reference");
-
-    const filteredText = extractFilteredText(root, shouldExclude);
-    assert.equal(
-      filteredText,
-      "The treaty was signed in 2020 by all parties.",
-      "Filtered text should omit citation numbers but preserve surrounding prose",
-    );
-
-    // Verify the unfiltered text includes citations
-    const unfilteredText = root.textContent;
-    assert.ok(
-      unfilteredText.includes("[1]") && unfilteredText.includes("[2]"),
-      "Unfiltered textContent should include citation numbers",
-    );
-  } finally {
-    restoreDom();
-  }
 });
diff --git a/src/typescript/extension/test/unit/content-observer.test.ts b/src/typescript/extension/test/unit/content-observer.test.ts
index e6db7cf..e7e6fe4 100644
--- a/src/typescript/extension/test/unit/content-observer.test.ts
+++ b/src/typescript/extension/test/unit/content-observer.test.ts
@@ -1,34 +1,7 @@
 import assert from "node:assert/strict";
 import { test } from "node:test";
-import { JSDOM } from "jsdom";
 import { PageObserver } from "../../src/content/observer";
-
-function installDom(): () => void {
-  const dom = new JSDOM("<!doctype html><html><body><div id='root'></div></body></html>", {
-    url: "https://example.com",
-  });
-  const originalWindow = globalThis.window;
-  const originalDocument = globalThis.document;
-  const originalHistory = globalThis.history;
-  const originalMutationObserver = globalThis.MutationObserver;
-
-  Object.assign(globalThis, {
-    window: dom.window,
-    document: dom.window.document,
-    history: dom.window.history,
-    MutationObserver: dom.window.MutationObserver,
-  });
-
-  return () => {
-    dom.window.close();
-    Object.assign(globalThis, {
-      window: originalWindow,
-      document: originalDocument,
-      history: originalHistory,
-      MutationObserver: originalMutationObserver,
-    });
-  };
-}
+import { installDom, withDom } from "../helpers/dom";
 
 async function waitMs(durationMs: number): Promise<void> {
   await new Promise<void>((resolve) => {
@@ -36,50 +9,37 @@ async function waitMs(durationMs: number): Promise<void> {
   });
 }
 
-test("PageObserver wires navigation listeners once and restores them on stop", async () => {
-  const restoreDom = installDom();
-  const navigationCalls: string[] = [];
-
-  try {
+test("PageObserver reports back/forward navigation until stopped", () => {
+  withDom("<div id='root'></div>", () => {
+    let popStates = 0;
     const observer = new PageObserver({
       mutationDebounceMs: 5,
-      onNavigation: () => {
-        navigationCalls.push("navigation");
+      onPopState: () => {
+        popStates += 1;
       },
-      onMutationSettled: () => {},
+      onMutationSettled: () => undefined,
     });
 
     observer.start();
     observer.start();
-
-    history.pushState({}, "", "/push");
-    history.replaceState({}, "", "/replace");
     window.dispatchEvent(new window.PopStateEvent("popstate"));
-
-    assert.equal(navigationCalls.length, 3);
+    assert.equal(popStates, 1);
 
     observer.stop();
-    history.pushState({}, "", "/after-stop");
-    history.replaceState({}, "", "/after-stop-replace");
     window.dispatchEvent(new window.PopStateEvent("popstate"));
-    assert.equal(navigationCalls.length, 3);
-
-    observer.stop();
-  } finally {
-    restoreDom();
-  }
+    assert.equal(popStates, 1);
+  });
 });
 
 test("PageObserver debounces mutation events and stops observing when stopped", async () => {
-  const restoreDom = installDom();
-  const mutationSettledCalls: string[] = [];
-
+  const { document, restore } = installDom("<div id='root'></div>");
   try {
+    const settled: string[] = [];
     const observer = new PageObserver({
       mutationDebounceMs: 10,
-      onNavigation: () => {},
+      onPopState: () => undefined,
       onMutationSettled: () => {
-        mutationSettledCalls.push("settled");
+        settled.push("settled");
       },
     });
     observer.start();
@@ -87,17 +47,17 @@ test("PageObserver debounces mutation events and stops observing when stopped",
     document.body.appendChild(document.createElement("div"));
     document.body.appendChild(document.createElement("span"));
     await waitMs(25);
-    assert.equal(mutationSettledCalls.length, 1);
+    assert.equal(settled.length, 1);
 
     document.body.appendChild(document.createElement("p"));
     await waitMs(25);
-    assert.equal(mutationSettledCalls.length, 2);
+    assert.equal(settled.length, 2);
 
     observer.stop();
     document.body.appendChild(document.createElement("section"));
     await waitMs(25);
-    assert.equal(mutationSettledCalls.length, 2);
+    assert.equal(settled.length, 2);
   } finally {
-    restoreDom();
+    restore();
   }
 });
diff --git a/src/typescript/extension/test/unit/content-session-state.test.ts b/src/typescript/extension/test/unit/content-session-state.test.ts
index be8955d..a8cfa67 100644
--- a/src/typescript/extension/test/unit/content-session-state.test.ts
+++ b/src/typescript/extension/test/unit/content-session-state.test.ts
@@ -1,138 +1,67 @@
 import assert from "node:assert/strict";
 import { test } from "node:test";
-import { extensionPageStatusSchema, type PlatformContent } from "@openerrata/shared";
+import { lesswrongExternalIdSchema, type PlatformContent } from "@openerrata/shared";
 import type { PlatformAdapter } from "../../src/content/adapters/index.js";
-import { toViewPostInput } from "../../src/lib/view-post-input.js";
+import { excludeNothing } from "../../src/content/adapters/model.js";
+
+const STUB_ADAPTER: PlatformAdapter = {
+  platformKey: "LESSWRONG",
+  matches: () => true,
+  pageLocator: () => null,
+  extract: () => ({ kind: "not_ready", reason: "hydrating" }),
+  getContentRoot: () => null,
+  contentExclusionFilter: excludeNothing,
+};
 import {
-  createInitialPageSessionState,
-  createSkippedSessionState,
-  createTrackedPostSessionState,
-  isActiveTrackedSession,
-  isCurrentSessionPostStatus,
+  isStatusOfSession,
+  sessionKeyOfState,
   shouldRefreshSkippedSessionOnMutation,
-  type TrackedPostSnapshot,
+  type PageSessionState,
 } from "../../src/content/session-state.js";
+import { notInvestigatedStatus, sessionId } from "../helpers/statuses.js";
 
-function makeFakeAdapter(): PlatformAdapter {
-  return {
-    platformKey: "LESSWRONG",
-    matches: () => true,
-    extract: () => ({
-      kind: "ready",
-      content: makeTrackedContent(),
-    }),
-    getContentRoot: () => null,
-  } as unknown as PlatformAdapter;
-}
-
-function makeTrackedContent(): PlatformContent {
-  return {
-    platform: "LESSWRONG",
-    externalId: "post-1",
-    url: "https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/post-1/example",
-    contentText: "hello world",
-    mediaState: "text_only",
-    imageUrls: [],
-    metadata: {
-      slug: "example-post",
-      htmlContent: "<p>hello world</p>",
-      tags: ["tag-1"],
-    },
-  };
-}
-
-function makeTrackedSnapshot(): TrackedPostSnapshot {
-  const content = makeTrackedContent();
-  return {
-    kind: "TRACKED_POST",
-    sessionKey: "session:1",
-    platform: "LESSWRONG",
-    externalId: "post-1",
-    adapter: makeFakeAdapter(),
-    content,
-    request: toViewPostInput(content),
-  };
-}
-
-test("createInitialPageSessionState returns idle state", () => {
-  assert.deepEqual(createInitialPageSessionState(), {
-    kind: "IDLE",
-    tabSessionId: 0,
-    sessionKey: null,
-  });
-});
-
-test("createSkippedSessionState projects skipped snapshot into session state", () => {
-  const state = createSkippedSessionState(7, {
-    kind: "SKIPPED",
-    sessionKey: "skip:1",
-    platform: "LESSWRONG",
-    externalId: "post-1",
-    pageUrl: "https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/post-1/example",
-    reason: "no_text",
-  });
-
-  assert.deepEqual(state, {
-    kind: "SKIPPED",
-    tabSessionId: 7,
-    sessionKey: "skip:1",
-    platform: "LESSWRONG",
-    externalId: "post-1",
-    pageUrl: "https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/post-1/example",
-    reason: "no_text",
-  });
-});
+const content: PlatformContent = {
+  platform: "LESSWRONG",
+  externalId: lesswrongExternalIdSchema.parse("post1"),
+  url: "https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/post1/example",
+  contentText: "hello world",
+  hasVideo: false,
+  imageOccurrences: [],
+  metadata: { slug: "example", htmlContent: "<p>hello world</p>", tags: [] },
+};
 
-test("isActiveTrackedSession matches by tab session + post identity", () => {
-  const trackedState = createTrackedPostSessionState(3, makeTrackedSnapshot(), "hello world");
-
-  assert.equal(isActiveTrackedSession(trackedState, trackedState), true);
-
-  const other = createTrackedPostSessionState(4, makeTrackedSnapshot(), "hello world");
-  assert.equal(isActiveTrackedSession(trackedState, other), false);
-});
-
-test("isCurrentSessionPostStatus only matches tracked post identity", () => {
-  const trackedState = createTrackedPostSessionState(3, makeTrackedSnapshot(), "hello world");
+const tracked: PageSessionState = {
+  kind: "TRACKED_POST",
+  tabSessionId: sessionId(1),
+  sessionKey: "tracked",
+  adapter: STUB_ADAPTER,
+  content,
+};
 
+test("only tracked and skipped sessions have a session key", () => {
+  assert.equal(sessionKeyOfState({ kind: "IDLE" }), null);
+  assert.equal(sessionKeyOfState(tracked), "tracked");
   assert.equal(
-    isCurrentSessionPostStatus(
-      trackedState,
-      extensionPageStatusSchema.parse({
-        kind: "POST",
-        tabSessionId: 3,
-        platform: "LESSWRONG",
-        externalId: "post-1",
-        pageUrl: "https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/post-1/example",
-        investigationState: "NOT_INVESTIGATED",
-        priorInvestigationResult: null,
-      }),
-    ),
-    true,
+    sessionKeyOfState({
+      kind: "SKIPPED",
+      tabSessionId: sessionId(2),
+      sessionKey: "skipped",
+      reason: "has_video",
+    }),
+    "skipped",
   );
+});
 
-  assert.equal(
-    isCurrentSessionPostStatus(
-      trackedState,
-      extensionPageStatusSchema.parse({
-        kind: "POST",
-        tabSessionId: 99,
-        platform: "LESSWRONG",
-        externalId: "post-1",
-        pageUrl: "https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/post-1/example",
-        investigationState: "NOT_INVESTIGATED",
-        priorInvestigationResult: null,
-      }),
-    ),
-    false,
-  );
+test("a status belongs to the tracked session it was cached for", () => {
+  assert.equal(isStatusOfSession(tracked, notInvestigatedStatus(sessionId(1))), true);
+  assert.equal(isStatusOfSession(tracked, notInvestigatedStatus(sessionId(2))), false);
+  assert.equal(isStatusOfSession({ kind: "IDLE" }, notInvestigatedStatus(sessionId(1))), false);
 });
 
-test("shouldRefreshSkippedSessionOnMutation only refreshes mutable skipped reasons", () => {
-  assert.equal(shouldRefreshSkippedSessionOnMutation("no_text", true), true);
-  assert.equal(shouldRefreshSkippedSessionOnMutation("unsupported_content", true), true);
-  assert.equal(shouldRefreshSkippedSessionOnMutation("private_or_gated", true), true);
-  assert.equal(shouldRefreshSkippedSessionOnMutation("has_video", true), false);
-  assert.equal(shouldRefreshSkippedSessionOnMutation("word_count", true), false);
-  assert.equal(shouldRefreshSkippedSessionOnMutation("no_text", false), false);
+test("only page-derived skips are re-evaluated on DOM changes", () => {
+  assert.equal(shouldRefreshSkippedSessionOnMutation("private_or_gated"), true);
+  assert.equal(shouldRefreshSkippedSessionOnMutation("unsupported_content"), true);
+  assert.equal(shouldRefreshSkippedSessionOnMutation("no_text"), true);
+  assert.equal(shouldRefreshSkippedSessionOnMutation("has_video"), false);
+  assert.equal(shouldRefreshSkippedSessionOnMutation("word_count"), false);
 });
diff --git a/src/typescript/extension/test/unit/content-sync-listener.test.ts b/src/typescript/extension/test/unit/content-sync-listener.test.ts
deleted file mode 100644
index 51d4e4a..0000000
--- a/src/typescript/extension/test/unit/content-sync-listener.test.ts
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,87 +0,0 @@
-import assert from "node:assert/strict";
-import { test } from "node:test";
-
-type ContentSyncClientCtor = new () => {
-  installCachedStatusListener(listener: () => void): () => void;
-};
-
-type StorageListener = (changes: Record<string, unknown>, areaName: string) => void;
-
-let registeredStorageListener: StorageListener | null = null;
-
-const contentSyncChromeMock = {
-  runtime: {
-    id: "test-extension",
-    sendMessage: () => Promise.resolve(null),
-  },
-  storage: {
-    local: {},
-    onChanged: {
-      addListener: (listener: StorageListener) => {
-        registeredStorageListener = listener;
-      },
-      removeListener: (listener: StorageListener) => {
-        if (registeredStorageListener === listener) {
-          registeredStorageListener = null;
-        }
-      },
-    },
-  },
-};
-
-(globalThis as { chrome?: unknown }).chrome = contentSyncChromeMock;
-
-function isRecord(value: unknown): value is Record<string, unknown> {
-  return typeof value === "object" && value !== null;
-}
-
-function isContentSyncClientCtor(value: unknown): value is ContentSyncClientCtor {
-  return typeof value === "function";
-}
-
-async function importContentSyncClientCtor(): Promise<ContentSyncClientCtor> {
-  const importedModule: unknown = await import(
-    `../../src/content/sync.ts?test=${Date.now().toString()}-${Math.random().toString()}`
-  );
-
-  if (!isRecord(importedModule)) {
-    throw new Error("Expected content sync module export object");
-  }
-
-  const ctor = importedModule["ContentSyncClient"];
-  if (!isContentSyncClientCtor(ctor)) {
-    throw new Error("Expected ContentSyncClient constructor export");
-  }
-
-  return ctor;
-}
-
-function emitStorageChange(changes: Record<string, unknown>, areaName = "local"): void {
-  assert.notEqual(registeredStorageListener, null);
-  registeredStorageListener?.(changes, areaName);
-}
-
-test("installCachedStatusListener reacts to tab and upgrade-required key updates", async () => {
-  const ContentSyncClient = await importContentSyncClientCtor();
-  const client = new ContentSyncClient();
-
-  let invocationCount = 0;
-  const uninstall = client.installCachedStatusListener(() => {
-    invocationCount += 1;
-  });
-
-  emitStorageChange({ "tab:12": { newValue: { state: "changed" } } });
-  assert.equal(invocationCount, 1);
-
-  emitStorageChange({ "runtime:upgrade-required": { newValue: { message: "Update required" } } });
-  assert.equal(invocationCount, 2);
-
-  emitStorageChange({ apiBaseUrl: { newValue: "https://api.example.com" } });
-  assert.equal(invocationCount, 2);
-
-  emitStorageChange({ "runtime:upgrade-required": { newValue: { message: "ignored" } } }, "sync");
-  assert.equal(invocationCount, 2);
-
-  uninstall();
-  assert.equal(registeredStorageListener, null);
-});
diff --git a/src/typescript/extension/test/unit/content-sync-response.test.ts b/src/typescript/extension/test/unit/content-sync-response.test.ts
deleted file mode 100644
index 470488c..0000000
--- a/src/typescript/extension/test/unit/content-sync-response.test.ts
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,126 +0,0 @@
-import assert from "node:assert/strict";
-import { test } from "node:test";
-import {
-  parseCachedStatusResponse,
-  parseInvestigateNowResponse,
-  parseViewPostResponse,
-} from "../../src/lib/sync-response.js";
-import { ExtensionRuntimeError } from "../../src/lib/runtime-error.js";
-
-test("parseViewPostResponse returns parsed NOT_INVESTIGATED payload", () => {
-  const parsed = parseViewPostResponse({
-    investigationState: "NOT_INVESTIGATED",
-    priorInvestigationResult: null,
-  });
-
-  assert.equal(parsed.investigationState, "NOT_INVESTIGATED");
-});
-
-test("parseViewPostResponse preserves runtime error payloads", () => {
-  assert.throws(
-    () =>
-      parseViewPostResponse({
-        ok: false,
-        error: "payload too large",
-        errorCode: "PAYLOAD_TOO_LARGE",
-      }),
-    (error: unknown) =>
-      error instanceof ExtensionRuntimeError &&
-      error.errorCode === "PAYLOAD_TOO_LARGE" &&
-      error.message === "payload too large",
-  );
-});
-
-test("parseInvestigateNowResponse preserves UPGRADE_REQUIRED runtime error payloads", () => {
-  assert.throws(
-    () =>
-      parseInvestigateNowResponse({
-        ok: false,
-        error: "upgrade required",
-        errorCode: "UPGRADE_REQUIRED",
-      }),
-    (error: unknown) =>
-      error instanceof ExtensionRuntimeError &&
-      error.errorCode === "UPGRADE_REQUIRED" &&
-      error.message === "upgrade required",
-  );
-});
-
-test("parseViewPostResponse preserves MALFORMED_EXTENSION_VERSION runtime error payloads", () => {
-  assert.throws(
-    () =>
-      parseViewPostResponse({
-        ok: false,
-        error: "malformed extension version header",
-        errorCode: "MALFORMED_EXTENSION_VERSION",
-      }),
-    (error: unknown) =>
-      error instanceof ExtensionRuntimeError &&
-      error.errorCode === "MALFORMED_EXTENSION_VERSION" &&
-      error.message === "malformed extension version header",
-  );
-});
-
-test("parseViewPostResponse throws ExtensionRuntimeError for malformed responses", () => {
-  assert.throws(
-    () => parseViewPostResponse(undefined),
-    (error: unknown) =>
-      error instanceof ExtensionRuntimeError &&
-      error.errorCode === "INVALID_EXTENSION_MESSAGE" &&
-      error.message.includes("Malformed PAGE_CONTENT response from background:"),
-  );
-});
-
-test("parseInvestigateNowResponse returns parsed payload", () => {
-  const parsed = parseInvestigateNowResponse({
-    investigationId: "investigation-123",
-    status: "PENDING",
-    provenance: "SERVER_VERIFIED",
-  });
-
-  assert.equal(parsed.status, "PENDING");
-  assert.equal(parsed.investigationId, "investigation-123");
-});
-
-test("parseInvestigateNowResponse throws ExtensionRuntimeError for malformed responses", () => {
-  assert.throws(
-    () => parseInvestigateNowResponse(null),
-    (error: unknown) =>
-      error instanceof ExtensionRuntimeError &&
-      error.errorCode === "INVALID_EXTENSION_MESSAGE" &&
-      error.message.includes("Malformed INVESTIGATE_NOW response from background:"),
-  );
-});
-
-test("parseCachedStatusResponse returns null for empty cache", () => {
-  assert.equal(parseCachedStatusResponse(null), null);
-});
-
-test("parseCachedStatusResponse returns parsed cached POST status", () => {
-  const parsed = parseCachedStatusResponse({
-    kind: "POST",
-    tabSessionId: 1,
-    platform: "X",
-    externalId: "1900000000000000000",
-    pageUrl: "https://x.com/example/status/1900000000000000000",
-    investigationState: "NOT_INVESTIGATED",
-    priorInvestigationResult: null,
-  });
-
-  if (parsed === null) {
-    throw new Error("expected parsed cached status");
-  }
-
-  assert.equal(parsed.kind, "POST");
-  assert.equal(parsed.investigationState, "NOT_INVESTIGATED");
-});
-
-test("parseCachedStatusResponse throws INVALID_EXTENSION_MESSAGE for malformed responses", () => {
-  assert.throws(
-    () => parseCachedStatusResponse({ kind: "POST" }),
-    (error: unknown) =>
-      error instanceof ExtensionRuntimeError &&
-      error.errorCode === "INVALID_EXTENSION_MESSAGE" &&
-      error.message.includes("Malformed GET_CACHED response from background:"),
-  );
-});
diff --git a/src/typescript/extension/test/unit/content-sync-retry-policy.test.ts b/src/typescript/extension/test/unit/content-sync-retry-policy.test.ts
index faa2036..064abae 100644
--- a/src/typescript/extension/test/unit/content-sync-retry-policy.test.ts
+++ b/src/typescript/extension/test/unit/content-sync-retry-policy.test.ts
@@ -1,79 +1,52 @@
 import assert from "node:assert/strict";
 import { test } from "node:test";
+import { ExtensionRuntimeError } from "../../src/lib/runtime-error.js";
 import {
-  createInitialSyncRetryState,
+  NO_SYNC_RETRY,
   hasPendingRetryForSession,
-  resolveSyncTrackedSnapshotErrorPolicy,
   scheduleSyncRetry,
-  type SyncTrackedSnapshotErrorPolicy,
+  syncFailureAction,
 } from "../../src/content/sync-retry-policy.js";
 
-test("scheduleSyncRetry sets pending session and exponentially increases delay", () => {
-  const initial = createInitialSyncRetryState(1_000);
-  const first = scheduleSyncRetry(initial, "session-1", 30_000);
-  const second = scheduleSyncRetry(first.nextState, "session-1", 30_000);
-
-  assert.equal(first.delayMs, 1_000);
-  assert.equal(first.nextState.pendingSessionKey, "session-1");
-  assert.equal(first.nextState.nextDelayMs, 2_000);
-
-  assert.equal(second.delayMs, 2_000);
-  assert.equal(second.nextState.nextDelayMs, 4_000);
-});
-
-test("scheduleSyncRetry caps delay at the configured max", () => {
-  const nearMax = {
-    pendingSessionKey: null,
-    nextDelayMs: 25_000,
-  };
-
-  const scheduled = scheduleSyncRetry(nearMax, "session-1", 30_000);
-  assert.equal(scheduled.delayMs, 25_000);
-  assert.equal(scheduled.nextState.nextDelayMs, 30_000);
-
-  const capped = scheduleSyncRetry(scheduled.nextState, "session-1", 30_000);
-  assert.equal(capped.delayMs, 30_000);
-  assert.equal(capped.nextState.nextDelayMs, 30_000);
+const DELAYS = { initialDelayMs: 1_000, maxDelayMs: 30_000 };
+
+test("retries for a session back off exponentially up to the cap", () => {
+  const delays: number[] = [];
+  let state = NO_SYNC_RETRY;
+  for (let attempt = 0; attempt < 7; attempt += 1) {
+    const scheduled = scheduleSyncRetry(state, "session-1", DELAYS);
+    delays.push(scheduled.delayMs);
+    state = scheduled.nextState;
+  }
+  assert.deepEqual(delays, [1_000, 2_000, 4_000, 8_000, 16_000, 30_000, 30_000]);
 });
 
-test("hasPendingRetryForSession only returns true for matching session key", () => {
-  const state = {
-    pendingSessionKey: "session-1",
-    nextDelayMs: 2_000,
-  };
-
-  assert.equal(hasPendingRetryForSession(state, "session-1"), true);
-  assert.equal(hasPendingRetryForSession(state, "session-2"), false);
-  assert.equal(hasPendingRetryForSession(state, null), false);
+test("a retry for another session starts the backoff over", () => {
+  const first = scheduleSyncRetry(NO_SYNC_RETRY, "session-1", DELAYS);
+  const second = scheduleSyncRetry(first.nextState, "session-1", DELAYS);
+  const other = scheduleSyncRetry(second.nextState, "session-2", DELAYS);
+  assert.equal(other.delayMs, 1_000);
+  assert.equal(hasPendingRetryForSession(other.nextState, "session-2"), true);
+  assert.equal(hasPendingRetryForSession(other.nextState, "session-1"), false);
+  assert.equal(hasPendingRetryForSession(NO_SYNC_RETRY, null), false);
 });
 
-test("createInitialSyncRetryState clears pending session and restores initial delay", () => {
-  assert.deepEqual(createInitialSyncRetryState(1_000), {
-    pendingSessionKey: null,
-    nextDelayMs: 1_000,
+test("sync failures are retried unless retrying cannot help", () => {
+  assert.deepEqual(syncFailureAction(new Error("network")), { kind: "RETRY" });
+  assert.deepEqual(
+    syncFailureAction(new Error("Could not establish connection. Receiving end does not exist.")),
+    { kind: "RETRY" },
+  );
+  assert.deepEqual(syncFailureAction(new Error("Extension context invalidated.")), {
+    kind: "SHUT_DOWN",
   });
-});
-
-test("resolveSyncTrackedSnapshotErrorPolicy picks first matching policy", () => {
-  const error = new Error("boom");
-  const policies: readonly SyncTrackedSnapshotErrorPolicy[] = [
-    {
-      matches: (candidate) => candidate === error,
-      action: "RESET_ONLY",
-    },
-    {
-      matches: () => true,
-      action: "RESET_AND_SYNC_CACHED_FAILURE",
-      warningMessage: "fallback",
-    },
-  ];
-
-  const resolved = resolveSyncTrackedSnapshotErrorPolicy(error, policies);
-  assert.notEqual(resolved, null);
-  assert.equal(resolved?.action, "RESET_ONLY");
-});
-
-test("resolveSyncTrackedSnapshotErrorPolicy returns null when unmatched", () => {
-  const resolved = resolveSyncTrackedSnapshotErrorPolicy(new Error("boom"), []);
-  assert.equal(resolved, null);
+  for (const code of [
+    "PAYLOAD_TOO_LARGE",
+    "UPGRADE_REQUIRED",
+    "MALFORMED_EXTENSION_VERSION",
+    "INVALID_EXTENSION_MESSAGE",
+    "INVALID_EXTENSION_SETTINGS",
+  ] as const) {
+    assert.deepEqual(syncFailureAction(new ExtensionRuntimeError("no", code)), { kind: "GIVE_UP" });
+  }
 });
diff --git a/src/typescript/extension/test/unit/dom-text-index.test.ts b/src/typescript/extension/test/unit/dom-text-index.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a1e58ca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/typescript/extension/test/unit/dom-text-index.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+import assert from "node:assert/strict";
+import { test } from "node:test";
+import { buildDomTextIndex, type DomTextPiece } from "../../src/content/dom-text-index.js";
+import { requireElement, withDom } from "../helpers/dom.js";
+
+const excludeNothing = (): boolean => false;
+
+function piecesText(pieces: readonly DomTextPiece[]): string {
+  return pieces.map((piece) => piece.node.data.slice(piece.start, piece.end)).join("|");
+}
+
+test("block boundaries separate words in the text but have no DOM position", () => {
+  withDom("<div id='root'><p>Alpha</p><p>Beta</p></div>", (document) => {
+    const index = buildDomTextIndex(requireElement(document, "#root"), { exclude: excludeNothing });
+    assert.equal(index.text, "Alpha Beta");
+    // The span crosses the separator: only the two text pieces are returned.
+    assert.equal(piecesText(index.piecesFor(0, index.text.length)), "Alpha|Beta");
+  });
+});
+
+test("line breaks separate words in the text but have no DOM position", () => {
+  withDom("<div id='root'><p>is hard.<br>This work<br><br>(2) next</p></div>", (document) => {
+    const index = buildDomTextIndex(requireElement(document, "#root"), { exclude: excludeNothing });
+    assert.equal(index.text, "is hard. This work (2) next");
+    const start = index.text.indexOf("hard.");
+    assert.equal(
+      piecesText(index.piecesFor(start, start + "hard. This work".length)),
+      "hard.|This work",
+    );
+  });
+});
+
+test("non-content tags and excluded subtrees are left out of the text", () => {
+  withDom(
+    "<div id='root'>Kept<script>var x = 1;</script><style>p{}</style> text<sup class='ref'>[1]</sup> here.</div>",
+    (document) => {
+      const index = buildDomTextIndex(requireElement(document, "#root"), {
+        exclude: (element) => element.classList.contains("ref"),
+      });
+      assert.equal(index.text, "Kept text here.");
+      assert.equal(piecesText(index.piecesFor(0, index.text.length)), "Kept| text| here.");
+    },
+  );
+});
+
+test("pieces map normalized offsets back into the right text nodes", () => {
+  withDom("<div id='root'>Say “hello<b>  world</b>” now</div>", (document) => {
+    const index = buildDomTextIndex(requireElement(document, "#root"), { exclude: excludeNothing });
+    assert.equal(index.text, 'Say "hello world" now');
+    const start = index.text.indexOf("hello");
+    const pieces = index.piecesFor(start, start + "hello world".length);
+    assert.equal(piecesText(pieces), "hello|  world");
+  });
+});
+
+test("image offsets are positions in the normalized text", () => {
+  withDom(
+    "<div id='root'><p>Before</p><img src='https://img.example/a.png'><p>After</p><img src='https://img.example/b.png'></div>",
+    (document) => {
+      const index = buildDomTextIndex(requireElement(document, "#root"), {
+        exclude: excludeNothing,
+        imageSelector: "img[src]",
+      });
+      assert.equal(index.text, "Before After");
+      assert.deepEqual(
+        index.images.map((image) => [image.element.getAttribute("src"), image.normalizedOffset]),
+        [
+          ["https://img.example/a.png", "Before".length],
+          ["https://img.example/b.png", "Before After".length],
+        ],
+      );
+    },
+  );
+});
diff --git a/src/typescript/extension/test/unit/lesswrong-adapter.test.ts b/src/typescript/extension/test/unit/lesswrong-adapter.test.ts
index 072a0a4..cd065ba 100644
--- a/src/typescript/extension/test/unit/lesswrong-adapter.test.ts
+++ b/src/typescript/extension/test/unit/lesswrong-adapter.test.ts
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ test("LessWrong adapter reads author from post header instead of global /users l
           <a href="/users/lc">lc</a>
           <h1>The ML ontology and the alignment ontology</h1>
           <div id="postBody">
+            <script type="application/ld+json">{"url":"https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/abcd1234/the-ml-ontology-and-the-alignment-ontology"}</script>
             <div class="LWPostsPageHeader-authorInfo">
               by
               <span class="PostsAuthors-authorName">
@@ -45,6 +46,7 @@ test("LessWrong adapter omits author metadata when no post-header author exists"
           <a href="/users/lc">lc</a>
           <h1>Post without header author</h1>
           <div id="postBody">
+            <script type="application/ld+json">{"url":"https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/abcd1234/post-without-header-author"}</script>
             <div class="PostsPage-postContent">
               <div id="postContent"><p>Post body text.</p></div>
             </div>
@@ -70,6 +72,7 @@ test("LessWrong adapter versioning HTML uses #postContent and strips linkpost ca
         <body>
           <h1>Canonical HTML test</h1>
           <div id="postBody">
+            <script type="application/ld+json">{"url":"https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/abcd1234/canonical-html-test"}</script>
             <div class="LWPostsPageHeader-authorInfo">
               <span class="PostsAuthors-authorName">
                 <a href="/users/example_author">Example Author</a>
@@ -185,6 +188,7 @@ test("LessWrong adapter reports ambiguous_dom when multiple visible roots match"
       <html>
         <body>
           <div id="postBody">
+            <script type="application/ld+json">{"url":"https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/newPost123/current-post"}</script>
             <div class="LWPostsPageHeader-authorInfo">
               <span class="PostsAuthors-authorName">
                 <a href="/users/first_author">First Author</a>
@@ -198,6 +202,7 @@ test("LessWrong adapter reports ambiguous_dom when multiple visible roots match"
           </div>
 
           <div id="postBody">
+            <script type="application/ld+json">{"url":"https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/newPost123/current-post"}</script>
             <div class="LWPostsPageHeader-authorInfo">
               <span class="PostsAuthors-authorName">
                 <a href="/users/second_author">Second Author</a>
@@ -317,3 +322,49 @@ test("LessWrong adapter preserves word boundaries across adjacent block elements
   const extracted = assertReady(result).content;
   assert.equal(extracted.contentText, "Alpha Beta Gamma");
 });
+
+test("LessWrong adapter reads tags from tag chips linking to /w/ wiki pages, once each", () => {
+  // Since LessWrong's 2025 wiki merge, tag chips link to /w/<slug>; the
+  // header and footer both list them (seen 2026-10).
+  const url = "https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/tagsPost1/tags";
+  const result = withWindow(
+    url,
+    `<!doctype html><html><body>
+      <div id="postBody">
+        <script type="application/ld+json">{"url":"${url}"}</script>
+        <span class="FooterTag-root"><a href="/w/ai">AI</a></span>
+        <div class="PostsPage-postContent">
+          <div id="postContent"><p>See the <a href="/w/corrigibility">corrigibility</a> wiki page.</p></div>
+        </div>
+        <span class="FooterTag-root"><a href="/w/ai">AI</a></span>
+        <span class="FooterTag-root"><a href="/tag/rationality">Rationality</a></span>
+      </div>
+    </body></html>`,
+    (document) => lesswrongAdapter.extract(document),
+  );
+
+  const ready = assertReady(result);
+  if (ready.content.platform !== "LESSWRONG") throw new Error("expected a LessWrong post");
+  assert.deepEqual(ready.content.metadata.tags, ["AI", "Rationality"]);
+});
+
+test("LessWrong adapter never puts its own highlight marks into the versioning HTML", () => {
+  const url = "https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/marksPost1/marks";
+  const result = withWindow(
+    url,
+    `<!doctype html><html><body>
+      <div id="postBody">
+        <script type="application/ld+json">{"url":"${url}"}</script>
+        <div class="PostsPage-postContent">
+          <div id="postContent"><p>The <mark class="openerrata-annotation" data-openerrata-claim-id="c1">moon is cheese</mark>.</p></div>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+    </body></html>`,
+    (document) => lesswrongAdapter.extract(document),
+  );
+
+  const ready = assertReady(result);
+  if (ready.content.platform !== "LESSWRONG") throw new Error("expected a LessWrong post");
+  assert.equal(ready.content.metadata.htmlContent, "<p>The moon is cheese.</p>");
+  assert.equal(ready.content.contentText, "The moon is cheese.");
+});
diff --git a/src/typescript/extension/test/unit/lib-messaging.test.ts b/src/typescript/extension/test/unit/lib-messaging.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1f4ece2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/typescript/extension/test/unit/lib-messaging.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,134 @@
+import assert from "node:assert/strict";
+import { test } from "node:test";
+import type { BackgroundRequestHandlers, ContentRequestHandlers } from "../../src/lib/messaging";
+import {
+  createBackgroundRequestListener,
+  createContentRequestListener,
+  sendBackgroundRequest,
+  sendContentRequest,
+} from "../../src/lib/messaging";
+import { ExtensionRuntimeError } from "../../src/lib/runtime-error";
+import { notInvestigatedStatus, sessionId } from "../helpers/statuses";
+
+interface Sender {
+  tab?: { id?: number };
+}
+
+function backgroundHandlers(overrides: Partial<BackgroundRequestHandlers<Sender>> = {}) {
+  const unexpected = () => Promise.reject(new Error("unexpected request"));
+  const handlers: BackgroundRequestHandlers<Sender> = {
+    PAGE_CONTENT: unexpected,
+    PAGE_SKIPPED: unexpected,
+    PAGE_RESET: () => Promise.resolve(null),
+    INVESTIGATE_NOW: unexpected,
+    GET_TAB_STATUS: ({ tabId }) =>
+      Promise.resolve({
+        kind: "STATUS",
+        status: tabId === 4 ? notInvestigatedStatus(sessionId(1)) : null,
+      }),
+    ...overrides,
+  };
+  return handlers;
+}
+
+function errorResponse(error: unknown) {
+  return Promise.resolve({
+    ok: false as const,
+    error: error instanceof Error ? error.message : String(error),
+  });
+}
+
+test("background requests round-trip with typed, validated responses", async () => {
+  const listener = createBackgroundRequestListener(backgroundHandlers(), errorResponse);
+  const response = await sendBackgroundRequest(
+    (message) => listener(message, {}),
+    "GET_TAB_STATUS",
+    {
+      tabId: 4,
+    },
+  );
+  assert.deepEqual(response, { kind: "STATUS", status: notInvestigatedStatus(sessionId(1)) });
+});
+
+test("invalid requests get an error reply (a promise, so it is delivered) instead of silence", async () => {
+  const listener = createBackgroundRequestListener(backgroundHandlers(), errorResponse);
+
+  const unknownType = listener({ type: "GET_CACHED", payload: null }, {});
+  assert.ok(unknownType instanceof Promise);
+  assert.deepEqual(await unknownType, {
+    ok: false,
+    error: "Unrecognized background request",
+    errorCode: "INVALID_EXTENSION_MESSAGE",
+  });
+
+  const badPayload = await listener({ type: "PAGE_RESET", payload: { tabSessionId: 3 } }, {});
+  assert.equal(badPayload.ok, false);
+  assert.equal(!badPayload.ok && badPayload.errorCode, "INVALID_EXTENSION_MESSAGE");
+});
+
+test("handler failures reach the sender as ExtensionRuntimeErrors with their code", async () => {
+  const listener = createBackgroundRequestListener(
+    backgroundHandlers({ PAGE_RESET: () => Promise.reject(new Error("storage failed")) }),
+    (error) =>
+      Promise.resolve({
+        ok: false,
+        error: error instanceof Error ? error.message : String(error),
+        errorCode: "PAYLOAD_TOO_LARGE",
+      }),
+  );
+
+  await assert.rejects(
+    sendBackgroundRequest((message) => listener(message, {}), "PAGE_RESET", {
+      tabSessionId: sessionId(1),
+    }),
+    (error: unknown) =>
+      error instanceof ExtensionRuntimeError &&
+      error.message === "storage failed" &&
+      error.errorCode === "PAYLOAD_TOO_LARGE",
+  );
+});
+
+test("a malformed response is reported as an invalid extension message", async () => {
+  await assert.rejects(
+    sendBackgroundRequest(() => Promise.resolve(undefined), "PAGE_RESET", {
+      tabSessionId: sessionId(1),
+    }),
+    (error: unknown) =>
+      error instanceof ExtensionRuntimeError && error.errorCode === "INVALID_EXTENSION_MESSAGE",
+  );
+});
+
+test("content requests distinguish a tab without a content script from a failing one", async () => {
+  const handlers: ContentRequestHandlers = {
+    PING: () => ({ alive: true }),
+    GET_VISIBILITY: () => ({ visible: false }),
+    SHOW_ANNOTATIONS: () => ({ visible: true }),
+    HIDE_ANNOTATIONS: () => ({ visible: false }),
+    REQUEST_INVESTIGATE: () => ({ ok: false }),
+    FOCUS_CLAIM: () => ({ ok: false }),
+    LOCATION_CHANGED: () => null,
+    STATUS_CHANGED: () => null,
+  };
+  const listener = createContentRequestListener(handlers, (error) => ({
+    ok: false,
+    error: String(error),
+  }));
+
+  assert.deepEqual(await sendContentRequest(listener, "PING", null), {
+    kind: "DELIVERED",
+    value: { alive: true },
+  });
+  assert.deepEqual(
+    await sendContentRequest(
+      () =>
+        Promise.reject(new Error("Could not establish connection. Receiving end does not exist.")),
+      "PING",
+      null,
+    ),
+    { kind: "NO_RECEIVER" },
+  );
+  await assert.rejects(
+    sendContentRequest(() => Promise.reject(new Error("Tab crashed")), "PING", null),
+    /Tab crashed/,
+  );
+});
diff --git a/src/typescript/extension/test/unit/lib-page-bootstrap.test.ts b/src/typescript/extension/test/unit/lib-page-bootstrap.test.ts
index 8f10c66..2b7da86 100644
--- a/src/typescript/extension/test/unit/lib-page-bootstrap.test.ts
+++ b/src/typescript/extension/test/unit/lib-page-bootstrap.test.ts
@@ -1,107 +1,10 @@
 import assert from "node:assert/strict";
 import { test } from "node:test";
-import { JSDOM } from "jsdom";
+import { requireMountTarget } from "../../src/lib/page-bootstrap";
+import { withDom } from "../helpers/dom";
 
-type PageBootstrapModule = typeof import("../../src/lib/page-bootstrap");
-
-function installChromeRuntime(): void {
-  (globalThis as { chrome?: unknown }).chrome = {
-    runtime: {
-      id: "test-extension",
-      getURL: (asset: string) => `chrome-extension://test-extension/${asset}`,
-    },
-  };
-}
-
-function installDocument(html: string): () => void {
-  const dom = new JSDOM(html, { url: "https://example.com" });
-  const originalWindow = globalThis.window;
-  const originalDocument = globalThis.document;
-
-  Object.assign(globalThis, {
-    window: dom.window,
-    document: dom.window.document,
-  });
-
-  return () => {
-    dom.window.close();
-    Object.assign(globalThis, {
-      window: originalWindow,
-      document: originalDocument,
-    });
-  };
-}
-
-async function importPageBootstrapModule(): Promise<PageBootstrapModule> {
-  installChromeRuntime();
-
-  return (await import(
-    `../../src/lib/page-bootstrap.ts?test=${Date.now().toString()}-${Math.random().toString()}`
-  )) as PageBootstrapModule;
-}
-
-test("ensurePageStylesheet injects a fallback stylesheet when missing", async () => {
-  const restoreDocument = installDocument("<!doctype html><html><head></head><body></body></html>");
-  const originalWarn = console.warn;
-  const warnCalls: unknown[][] = [];
-  console.warn = (...args: unknown[]) => {
-    warnCalls.push(args);
-  };
-
-  try {
-    const { ensurePageStylesheet } = await importPageBootstrapModule();
-    ensurePageStylesheet({
-      pageLabel: "options",
-      stylesheetAsset: "index.css",
-    });
-
-    const stylesheets = Array.from(
-      document.querySelectorAll<HTMLLinkElement>('link[rel="stylesheet"]'),
-    );
-    assert.equal(stylesheets.length, 1);
-    assert.equal(stylesheets[0]?.href, "chrome-extension://test-extension/index.css");
-    assert.equal(warnCalls.length, 1);
-  } finally {
-    console.warn = originalWarn;
-    restoreDocument();
-  }
-});
-
-test("ensurePageStylesheet is a no-op when expected stylesheet already exists", async () => {
-  const restoreDocument = installDocument(
-    '<!doctype html><html><head><link rel="stylesheet" href="chrome-extension://test-extension/index.css"></head><body></body></html>',
-  );
-  const originalWarn = console.warn;
-  const warnCalls: unknown[][] = [];
-  console.warn = (...args: unknown[]) => {
-    warnCalls.push(args);
-  };
-
-  try {
-    const { ensurePageStylesheet } = await importPageBootstrapModule();
-    ensurePageStylesheet({
-      pageLabel: "options",
-      stylesheetAsset: "index.css",
-    });
-
-    const stylesheets = Array.from(
-      document.querySelectorAll<HTMLLinkElement>('link[rel="stylesheet"]'),
-    );
-    assert.equal(stylesheets.length, 1);
-    assert.equal(warnCalls.length, 0);
-  } finally {
-    console.warn = originalWarn;
-    restoreDocument();
-  }
-});
-
-test("requireMountTarget returns configured mount element and throws when missing", async () => {
-  const restoreDocument = installDocument(
-    '<!doctype html><html><head></head><body><div id="app"></div><div id="custom-root"></div></body></html>',
-  );
-
-  try {
-    const { requireMountTarget } = await importPageBootstrapModule();
+test("requireMountTarget returns configured mount element and throws when missing", () => {
+  withDom('<div id="app"></div><div id="custom-root"></div>', () => {
     assert.equal(requireMountTarget({ pageLabel: "popup" }).id, "app");
     assert.equal(
       requireMountTarget({ pageLabel: "options", mountId: "custom-root" }).id,
@@ -111,7 +14,5 @@ test("requireMountTarget returns configured mount element and throws when missin
       () => requireMountTarget({ pageLabel: "options", mountId: "missing" }),
       /Missing #missing mount point for options page/,
     );
-  } finally {
-    restoreDocument();
-  }
+  });
 });
diff --git a/src/typescript/extension/test/unit/lib-settings.test.ts b/src/typescript/extension/test/unit/lib-settings.test.ts
index 5abff47..ee4fce5 100644
--- a/src/typescript/extension/test/unit/lib-settings.test.ts
+++ b/src/typescript/extension/test/unit/lib-settings.test.ts
@@ -120,23 +120,30 @@ test("loadExtensionSettings reads local storage and normalizes values", async ()
       apiKey: "  api-key  ",
       openaiApiKey: "  sk-key  ",
       autoInvestigate: true,
-      hmacSecret: "  secret  ",
     },
   });
   const { loadExtensionSettings } = await importSettingsModule();
 
-  const loaded = await loadExtensionSettings();
-
-  assert.deepEqual(loaded, {
-    apiBaseUrl: "https://api.openerrata.example",
-    apiKey: "api-key",
-    openaiApiKey: "sk-key",
-    autoInvestigate: true,
-    hmacSecret: "secret",
+  assert.deepEqual(await loadExtensionSettings(), {
+    kind: "VALID",
+    settings: {
+      apiBaseUrl: "https://api.openerrata.example",
+      apiKey: "api-key",
+      openaiApiKey: "sk-key",
+      autoInvestigate: true,
+    },
   });
   assert.equal(mocks.getCalls.length, 1);
 });
 
+test("the options form shows an invalid stored API URL as stored, so it can be fixed", async () => {
+  installSettingsChromeMock({ stored: { apiBaseUrl: "http://selfhosted.example.com" } });
+  const { loadExtensionSettings, loadSettingsFormValues } = await importSettingsModule();
+
+  assert.equal((await loadExtensionSettings()).kind, "INVALID");
+  assert.equal((await loadSettingsFormValues()).apiBaseUrl, "http://selfhosted.example.com");
+});
+
 test("saveExtensionSettings persists normalized settings payload", async () => {
   const mocks = installSettingsChromeMock({});
   const { saveExtensionSettings } = await importSettingsModule();
@@ -146,7 +153,6 @@ test("saveExtensionSettings persists normalized settings payload", async () => {
     apiKey: "  api-key  ",
     openaiApiKey: "  sk-key  ",
     autoInvestigate: true,
-    hmacSecret: "  secret  ",
   });
 
   assert.deepEqual(mocks.setCalls, [
@@ -155,11 +161,26 @@ test("saveExtensionSettings persists normalized settings payload", async () => {
       apiKey: "api-key",
       openaiApiKey: "sk-key",
       autoInvestigate: true,
-      hmacSecret: "secret",
     },
   ]);
 });
 
+test("saveExtensionSettings refuses settings that would not load", async () => {
+  const mocks = installSettingsChromeMock({});
+  const { saveExtensionSettings } = await importSettingsModule();
+
+  await assert.rejects(
+    saveExtensionSettings({
+      apiBaseUrl: "http://public.example.com",
+      apiKey: "",
+      openaiApiKey: "",
+      autoInvestigate: false,
+    }),
+    /API Server URL/,
+  );
+  assert.deepEqual(mocks.setCalls, []);
+});
+
 test("ensureApiHostPermission returns true without requesting when permission already exists", async () => {
   const mocks = installSettingsChromeMock({ containsResult: true });
   const { ensureApiHostPermission } = await importSettingsModule();
diff --git a/src/typescript/extension/test/unit/message-dispatch.test.ts b/src/typescript/extension/test/unit/message-dispatch.test.ts
deleted file mode 100644
index 439e834..0000000
--- a/src/typescript/extension/test/unit/message-dispatch.test.ts
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,42 +0,0 @@
-import assert from "node:assert/strict";
-import { test } from "node:test";
-import {
-  isBackgroundMessageType,
-  toInvestigationStatusSnapshot,
-} from "../../src/background/message-dispatch.js";
-
-test("isBackgroundMessageType accepts supported background message types", () => {
-  assert.equal(isBackgroundMessageType("PAGE_CONTENT"), true);
-  assert.equal(isBackgroundMessageType("PAGE_SKIPPED"), true);
-  assert.equal(isBackgroundMessageType("PAGE_RESET"), true);
-  assert.equal(isBackgroundMessageType("GET_STATUS"), true);
-  assert.equal(isBackgroundMessageType("INVESTIGATE_NOW"), true);
-  assert.equal(isBackgroundMessageType("GET_CACHED"), true);
-});
-
-test("isBackgroundMessageType rejects non-background message types", () => {
-  assert.equal(isBackgroundMessageType("STATUS_RESPONSE"), false);
-  assert.equal(isBackgroundMessageType("ANNOTATIONS"), false);
-  assert.equal(isBackgroundMessageType("UNKNOWN"), false);
-});
-
-test("toInvestigationStatusSnapshot drops checkedAt and preserves status fields", () => {
-  const snapshot = toInvestigationStatusSnapshot({
-    checkedAt: "2026-03-03T00:00:00.000Z",
-    investigationState: "INVESTIGATING",
-    status: "PENDING",
-    provenance: "CLIENT_FALLBACK",
-    pendingClaims: [],
-    confirmedClaims: [],
-    priorInvestigationResult: null,
-  });
-
-  assert.deepEqual(snapshot, {
-    investigationState: "INVESTIGATING",
-    status: "PENDING",
-    provenance: "CLIENT_FALLBACK",
-    pendingClaims: [],
-    confirmedClaims: [],
-    priorInvestigationResult: null,
-  });
-});
diff --git a/src/typescript/extension/test/unit/normalized-text-index.test.ts b/src/typescript/extension/test/unit/normalized-text-index.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..44ad587
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/typescript/extension/test/unit/normalized-text-index.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+import assert from "node:assert/strict";
+import { test } from "node:test";
+import { normalizeContent } from "@openerrata/shared";
+import {
+  buildNormalizedTextIndex,
+  normalizedLengthBefore,
+  rawSpanOf,
+} from "../../src/content/normalized-text-index.js";
+import { createDeterministicRandom, randomInt } from "../helpers/fuzz-utils.js";
+
+// The index builder reimplements normalizeContent's transformations
+// character-by-character with position tracking. If the two diverge, claims
+// stop matching and image offsets drift; these cases cover every
+// normalization step.
+const NORMALIZATION_PARITY_CASES: readonly { label: string; input: string }[] = [
+  { label: "plain ASCII", input: "Hello world" },
+  { label: "leading/trailing whitespace", input: "  Hello world  " },
+  { label: "collapsed internal whitespace", input: "Hello   \t\n  world" },
+  { label: "typographic double quotes", input: "“Hello”" },
+  { label: "typographic single quotes", input: "it’s a ‘test’" },
+  { label: "em dash", input: "word—word" },
+  { label: "en dash", input: "word–word" },
+  { label: "horizontal ellipsis", input: "wait…" },
+  { label: "mixed typographic", input: "“Hello,” she said—it’s a test…" },
+  { label: "zero-width chars", input: "he​llo‌wo‍rld" },
+  { label: "zero-width after whitespace (trailing)", input: "a ​" },
+  { label: "zero-width between whitespace runs", input: "hello ​ world" },
+  { label: "zero-width before leading text", input: "​ a" },
+  { label: "astral emoji", input: "Prefix 😀 target text suffix." },
+  { label: "surrogate pair sequence", input: "a😀b🤔c" },
+  { label: "NFC precomposed vs decomposed", input: "café" },
+  { label: "NFD combining sequence", input: "café" },
+  { label: "all dashes", input: "‐‑‒–—―" },
+  { label: "empty string", input: "" },
+  { label: "whitespace only", input: "   \t\n  " },
+  { label: "single character", input: "x" },
+  {
+    label: "long mixed content",
+    input: "The “quick” brown—fox… jumps! Over the 😀 lazy’s dog.",
+  },
+];
+
+for (const { label, input } of NORMALIZATION_PARITY_CASES) {
+  test(`buildNormalizedTextIndex matches normalizeContent: ${label}`, () => {
+    assert.equal(buildNormalizedTextIndex(input).normalized, normalizeContent(input));
+  });
+}
+
+const FUZZ_ALPHABET = ["a", "b", "Z", " ", "\n", "\t", "’", "…", "​", "é", "😀", "é"];
+
+function randomText(random: () => number, length: number): string {
+  let text = "";
+  for (let index = 0; index < length; index += 1) {
+    text += FUZZ_ALPHABET[randomInt(random, 0, FUZZ_ALPHABET.length - 1)] ?? "";
+  }
+  return text;
+}
+
+test("normalizedLengthBefore equals the normalized length of every raw prefix", () => {
+  const random = createDeterministicRandom(20261002);
+  for (let round = 0; round < 300; round += 1) {
+    const raw = randomText(random, randomInt(random, 0, 24));
+    const index = buildNormalizedTextIndex(raw);
+    assert.equal(index.normalized, normalizeContent(raw));
+    for (let offset = 0; offset <= raw.length; offset += 1) {
+      // Offsets inside a surrogate pair are not positions an element can sit at.
+      const code = raw.charCodeAt(offset - 1);
+      if (code >= 0xd800 && code <= 0xdbff) continue;
+      assert.equal(
+        normalizedLengthBefore(index, offset),
+        normalizeContent(raw.slice(0, offset)).length,
+        `prefix ${JSON.stringify(raw.slice(0, offset))} of ${JSON.stringify(raw)}`,
+      );
+    }
+  }
+});
+
+test("rawSpanOf covers whole raw characters, including combining marks and expansions", () => {
+  const raw = "  café au lait… ";
+  const index = buildNormalizedTextIndex(raw);
+  assert.equal(index.normalized, "café au lait...");
+
+  const cafe = rawSpanOf(index, 0, 4);
+  assert.deepEqual(cafe && raw.slice(cafe.rawStart, cafe.rawEnd), "café");
+
+  const ellipsis = rawSpanOf(index, index.normalized.length - 3, index.normalized.length);
+  assert.deepEqual(ellipsis && raw.slice(ellipsis.rawStart, ellipsis.rawEnd), "…");
+
+  assert.equal(rawSpanOf(index, 2, 2), null);
+});
diff --git a/src/typescript/extension/test/unit/platform-canonical-parity.test.ts b/src/typescript/extension/test/unit/platform-canonical-parity.test.ts
index a10a08b..ba9e2aa 100644
--- a/src/typescript/extension/test/unit/platform-canonical-parity.test.ts
+++ b/src/typescript/extension/test/unit/platform-canonical-parity.test.ts
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ import {
   lesswrongHtmlToNormalizedText,
   wikipediaHtmlToNormalizedText,
 } from "../../../api/src/lib/services/content-fetcher.js";
-import { extractContentWithImageOccurrencesFromRoot } from "../../src/content/adapters/utils.js";
+import { extractContent } from "../../src/content/adapters/utils.js";
 import { lesswrongAdapter } from "../../src/content/adapters/lesswrong.js";
 import { wikipediaAdapter } from "../../src/content/adapters/wikipedia.js";
 import { assertReady, withWindow } from "../helpers/adapter-harness.js";
@@ -186,7 +186,11 @@ for (const fixtureKey of Object.values(E2E_WIKIPEDIA_FIXTURE_KEYS)) {
 
 function extractClientTextFromBody(html: string, url: string): string {
   return withWindow(url, `<!doctype html><html><body>${html}</body></html>`, (document) => {
-    return extractContentWithImageOccurrencesFromRoot(document.body, url).contentText;
+    return extractContent(document.body, {
+      exclude: () => false,
+      imageSelector: "img[src]",
+      baseUrl: url,
+    }).contentText;
   });
 }
 
@@ -211,6 +215,34 @@ const STRUCTURAL_PARITY_CASES: { name: string; html: string }[] = [
     name: "inline within block",
     html: "<p>word1<strong>word2</strong>word3</p>",
   },
+  {
+    name: "script, style and noscript inside content",
+    html: "<p>Alpha<script>var x = 1;</script> beta</p><style>p{}</style><noscript>Enable JS</noscript>",
+  },
+  {
+    name: "extension highlight mark inside a paragraph",
+    html: '<p>The <mark class="openerrata-annotation" data-openerrata-claim-id="c">moon</mark> is cheese.</p>',
+  },
+  {
+    name: "line break between sentences",
+    html: "<p>See steg-reasoning-is-hard.<br>This work builds on METR.<br>(2) Next</p>",
+  },
+  {
+    name: "line breaks inside inline elements",
+    html: "<p><em>first verse<br>second verse</em><a href='#'>link<br>text</a></p>",
+  },
+  {
+    name: "consecutive and leading/trailing line breaks",
+    html: "<p><br>first<br><br>second<br></p><div>third<br></div>",
+  },
+  {
+    name: "line breaks between CJK lines",
+    html: "<p>我爱你<br>你爱我<br>蜜雪冰城甜蜜蜜</p>",
+  },
+  {
+    name: "horizontal rule between inline text",
+    html: "before<hr>after",
+  },
 ];
 
 describe("synthetic structural parity: client JSDOM vs server parse5", () => {
@@ -241,10 +273,11 @@ describe("synthetic structural parity: client JSDOM vs server parse5", () => {
         (document) => {
           const root = document.querySelector(".mw-parser-output");
           if (!root) throw new Error("Missing .mw-parser-output");
-          return extractContentWithImageOccurrencesFromRoot(
-            root,
-            "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Test",
-          ).contentText;
+          return extractContent(root, {
+            exclude: () => false,
+            imageSelector: "img[src]",
+            baseUrl: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Test",
+          }).contentText;
         },
       );
       const serverText = wikipediaHtmlToNormalizedText(wikiHtml);
diff --git a/src/typescript/extension/test/unit/popup-post-view.test.ts b/src/typescript/extension/test/unit/popup-post-view.test.ts
index 649db8d..acc2027 100644
--- a/src/typescript/extension/test/unit/popup-post-view.test.ts
+++ b/src/typescript/extension/test/unit/popup-post-view.test.ts
@@ -5,16 +5,17 @@ import { computePostView } from "../../src/popup/post-view.js";
 
 const baseIdentity = {
   kind: "POST" as const,
-  tabSessionId: 1,
+  tabSessionId: "00000000-0000-4000-8000-000000000001",
   platform: "LESSWRONG" as const,
-  externalId: "lw-1",
-  pageUrl: "https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/lw-1/example",
+  externalId: "lw1",
+  pageUrl: "https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/lw1/example",
 };
 
 test("computePostView maps FAILED to popup failed state", () => {
   const status = extensionPostStatusSchema.parse({
     ...baseIdentity,
     investigationState: "FAILED",
+    investigationId: "investigation-1",
     provenance: "SERVER_VERIFIED",
   });
   const result = computePostView(status, true);
diff --git a/src/typescript/extension/test/unit/popup-status-identity.test.ts b/src/typescript/extension/test/unit/popup-status-identity.test.ts
index 0c4514e..3b29ae0 100644
--- a/src/typescript/extension/test/unit/popup-status-identity.test.ts
+++ b/src/typescript/extension/test/unit/popup-status-identity.test.ts
@@ -1,109 +1,52 @@
 import assert from "node:assert/strict";
 import { test } from "node:test";
-import { extensionPostStatusSchema, type ExtensionPageStatus } from "@openerrata/shared";
-import type { SupportedPageIdentity } from "../../src/lib/post-identity";
-import { isSubstackPostPathUrl, statusMatchesIdentity } from "../../src/popup/status-identity";
+import { extensionPageStatusSchema, type ExtensionPageStatus } from "@openerrata/shared";
+import { isPossiblySupportedPage, statusDescribesTabPage } from "../../src/popup/status-identity";
 
-function createPostStatus(
-  platform: ExtensionPageStatus["platform"],
-  externalId: string,
-  pageUrl: string,
-): ExtensionPageStatus {
-  return extensionPostStatusSchema.parse({
-    kind: "POST",
-    tabSessionId: 1,
+function skipped(platform: ExtensionPageStatus["platform"], pageUrl: string): ExtensionPageStatus {
+  return extensionPageStatusSchema.parse({
+    kind: "SKIPPED",
+    tabSessionId: "00000000-0000-4000-8000-000000000001",
     platform,
-    externalId,
     pageUrl,
-    investigationState: "NOT_INVESTIGATED",
-    priorInvestigationResult: null,
+    reason: "private_or_gated",
   });
 }
 
-test("isSubstackPostPathUrl detects /p/ paths", () => {
-  assert.equal(isSubstackPostPathUrl("https://astralcodexten.com/p/open-thread-365"), true);
-  assert.equal(isSubstackPostPathUrl("https://x.com/example/status/123"), false);
+test("isPossiblySupportedPage accepts platform post pages and any /p/ page", () => {
+  assert.equal(isPossiblySupportedPage("https://astralcodexten.com/p/open-thread-365"), true);
+  assert.equal(isPossiblySupportedPage("https://x.com/example/status/123"), true);
+  assert.equal(isPossiblySupportedPage("https://example.com/about"), false);
 });
 
-test("statusMatchesIdentity keeps strict matching for non-Substack", () => {
-  const status = createPostStatus("X", "123", "https://x.com/example/status/123");
-  const identity: SupportedPageIdentity = {
-    platform: "X",
-    externalId: "456",
-  };
-
-  assert.equal(statusMatchesIdentity(status, identity, "https://x.com/example/status/456"), false);
-});
-
-test("statusMatchesIdentity accepts Wikipedia status when URL title matches despite canonical pageId externalId", () => {
-  const status = createPostStatus(
-    "WIKIPEDIA",
-    "en:12345",
-    "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_change",
-  );
-  const identity: SupportedPageIdentity = {
-    platform: "WIKIPEDIA",
-    externalId: "en:Climate_change",
-  };
+test("a cached status describes the tab only while the tab shows the same post", () => {
+  const xStatus = skipped("X", "https://x.com/example/status/123");
+  assert.equal(statusDescribesTabPage(xStatus, "https://x.com/other/status/123?s=20"), true);
+  assert.equal(statusDescribesTabPage(xStatus, "https://x.com/example/status/456"), false);
 
+  const wikipedia = skipped("WIKIPEDIA", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_change");
   assert.equal(
-    statusMatchesIdentity(status, identity, "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_change"),
+    statusDescribesTabPage(wikipedia, "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_change#History"),
     true,
   );
-});
-
-test("statusMatchesIdentity rejects Wikipedia status when tab URL points to different article title", () => {
-  const status = createPostStatus(
-    "WIKIPEDIA",
-    "en:12345",
-    "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_change",
-  );
-  const identity: SupportedPageIdentity = {
-    platform: "WIKIPEDIA",
-    externalId: "en:Global_warming",
-  };
-
   assert.equal(
-    statusMatchesIdentity(status, identity, "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_warming"),
+    statusDescribesTabPage(wikipedia, "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_warming"),
     false,
   );
-});
-
-test("statusMatchesIdentity allows Substack slug-vs-numeric identity mismatch", () => {
-  const status = createPostStatus(
-    "SUBSTACK",
-    "987654321",
-    "https://astralcodexten.substack.com/p/open-thread-365",
-  );
-  const identity: SupportedPageIdentity = {
-    platform: "SUBSTACK",
-    externalId: "open-thread-365",
-  };
 
+  // Custom-domain Substack: same origin and post path.
+  const substack = skipped("SUBSTACK", "https://astralcodexten.com/p/open-thread-365");
   assert.equal(
-    statusMatchesIdentity(
-      status,
-      identity,
-      "https://astralcodexten.substack.com/p/open-thread-365",
-    ),
+    statusDescribesTabPage(substack, "https://astralcodexten.com/p/open-thread-365"),
     true,
   );
-});
-
-test("statusMatchesIdentity allows custom-domain Substack when URL is /p/*", () => {
-  const status = createPostStatus(
-    "SUBSTACK",
-    "987654321",
-    "https://astralcodexten.com/p/open-thread-365",
-  );
-
+  assert.equal(statusDescribesTabPage(substack, "https://astralcodexten.com/about"), false);
   assert.equal(
-    statusMatchesIdentity(status, null, "https://astralcodexten.com/p/open-thread-365"),
-    true,
+    statusDescribesTabPage(substack, "https://astralcodexten.com/p/different-post"),
+    false,
   );
-  assert.equal(statusMatchesIdentity(status, null, "https://astralcodexten.com/about"), false);
   assert.equal(
-    statusMatchesIdentity(status, null, "https://astralcodexten.com/p/different-post"),
+    statusDescribesTabPage(substack, "https://other.substack.com/p/open-thread-365"),
     false,
   );
 });
diff --git a/src/typescript/extension/test/unit/post-route-contract.test.ts b/src/typescript/extension/test/unit/post-route-contract.test.ts
index 08056cb..6611caa 100644
--- a/src/typescript/extension/test/unit/post-route-contract.test.ts
+++ b/src/typescript/extension/test/unit/post-route-contract.test.ts
@@ -1,85 +1,55 @@
 import assert from "node:assert/strict";
 import { test } from "node:test";
-import { getAdapter } from "../../src/content/adapters/index";
-import { parseSupportedPageIdentity } from "../../src/lib/post-identity";
-import { isSubstackPostPathUrl } from "../../src/popup/status-identity";
+import { selectAdapter } from "../../src/content/adapters/index";
+import {
+  isPossibleCustomDomainSubstackPage,
+  isSamePage,
+  knownHostPageLocator,
+  pageLocatorFor,
+  pageLocatorKey,
+  type PageLocator,
+} from "../../src/lib/page-locator";
+import { withDom } from "../helpers/dom";
 
-interface SupportedCase {
-  url: string;
-  platform: "LESSWRONG" | "X" | "SUBSTACK" | "WIKIPEDIA";
-  externalId: string;
-}
-
-const supportedCases: SupportedCase[] = [
+const supportedCases: { url: string; locator: PageLocator }[] = [
   {
     url: "https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/qefrWyeiMvWEFRitN",
-    platform: "LESSWRONG",
-    externalId: "qefrWyeiMvWEFRitN",
-  },
-  {
-    url: "https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/qefrWyeiMvWEFRitN/",
-    platform: "LESSWRONG",
-    externalId: "qefrWyeiMvWEFRitN",
-  },
-  {
-    url: "https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/qefrWyeiMvWEFRitN/be-skeptical",
-    platform: "LESSWRONG",
-    externalId: "qefrWyeiMvWEFRitN",
+    locator: { platform: "LESSWRONG", postId: "qefrWyeiMvWEFRitN", slug: null },
   },
   {
-    url: "https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/qefrWyeiMvWEFRitN?commentId=abc",
-    platform: "LESSWRONG",
-    externalId: "qefrWyeiMvWEFRitN",
+    url: "https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/qefrWyeiMvWEFRitN/be-skeptical?commentId=abc",
+    locator: { platform: "LESSWRONG", postId: "qefrWyeiMvWEFRitN", slug: "be-skeptical" },
   },
   {
     url: "https://x.com/example/status/1234567890123456789",
-    platform: "X",
-    externalId: "1234567890123456789",
+    locator: { platform: "X", tweetId: "1234567890123456789", authorHandle: "example" },
   },
   {
-    url: "https://x.com/i/web/status/1234567890123456789",
-    platform: "X",
-    externalId: "1234567890123456789",
+    url: "https://twitter.com/i/web/status/1234567890123456789",
+    locator: { platform: "X", tweetId: "1234567890123456789", authorHandle: null },
   },
   {
     url: "https://x.com/i/status/1234567890123456789",
-    platform: "X",
-    externalId: "1234567890123456789",
+    locator: { platform: "X", tweetId: "1234567890123456789", authorHandle: null },
   },
   {
     url: "https://astralcodexten.substack.com/p/example-post",
-    platform: "SUBSTACK",
-    externalId: "example-post",
-  },
-  {
-    url: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_change",
-    platform: "WIKIPEDIA",
-    externalId: "en:Climate_change",
-  },
-  {
-    url: "https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erde",
-    platform: "WIKIPEDIA",
-    externalId: "de:Erde",
-  },
-  {
-    url: "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Climate_change&oldid=1244905470",
-    platform: "WIKIPEDIA",
-    externalId: "en:Climate_change",
-  },
-  {
-    url: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AC/DC",
-    platform: "WIKIPEDIA",
-    externalId: "en:AC/DC",
+    locator: {
+      platform: "SUBSTACK",
+      origin: "https://astralcodexten.substack.com",
+      slug: "example-post",
+    },
   },
   {
     url: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%2B%2B",
-    platform: "WIKIPEDIA",
-    externalId: "en:C++",
+    locator: { platform: "WIKIPEDIA", article: { kind: "TITLE", language: "en", title: "C++" } },
   },
   {
     url: "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?curid=12345&oldid=1244905470",
-    platform: "WIKIPEDIA",
-    externalId: "en:12345",
+    locator: {
+      platform: "WIKIPEDIA",
+      article: { kind: "PAGE_ID", language: "en", pageId: "12345", title: null },
+    },
   },
 ];
 
@@ -91,34 +61,70 @@ const unsupportedUrls = [
   "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Climate_change",
   "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1244905470",
   "https://example.com/i/status/1234567890123456789",
-  "https://example.com/openerrata/status/1234567890123456789",
+  "https://substack.com/p/example-post",
 ];
 
-test("supported post URL identity parser and adapter matching stay aligned", () => {
-  for (const supported of supportedCases) {
-    const parsed = parseSupportedPageIdentity(supported.url);
-    assert.deepEqual(parsed, {
-      platform: supported.platform,
-      externalId: supported.externalId,
-    });
-    assert.notEqual(parseSupportedPageIdentity(supported.url), null);
+test("URL locators and URL-first adapter selection agree on supported post pages", () => {
+  withDom("<main></main>", (document) => {
+    for (const { url, locator } of supportedCases) {
+      assert.deepEqual(knownHostPageLocator(url), locator, url);
+      assert.deepEqual(pageLocatorFor(locator.platform, url), locator, url);
+      assert.equal(selectAdapter(url, document)?.adapter.platformKey, locator.platform, url);
+    }
+  });
+});
 
-    const adapter = getAdapter(supported.url);
-    assert.notEqual(adapter, null);
-    assert.equal(adapter?.platformKey, supported.platform);
-  }
+test("non-post URLs have no locator and select no adapter", () => {
+  withDom("<main></main>", (document) => {
+    for (const url of unsupportedUrls) {
+      assert.equal(knownHostPageLocator(url), null, url);
+      assert.equal(selectAdapter(url, document), null, url);
+    }
+  });
 });
 
-test("unsupported URLs are rejected consistently", () => {
-  for (const url of unsupportedUrls) {
-    assert.equal(parseSupportedPageIdentity(url), null);
-    assert.equal(getAdapter(url), null);
-  }
+test("custom-domain Substack pages are recognized only with the Substack DOM fingerprint", () => {
+  const url = "https://www.astralcodexten.com/p/example-post";
+  assert.equal(knownHostPageLocator(url), null);
+  assert.equal(isPossibleCustomDomainSubstackPage(url), true);
+  withDom(
+    "<main></main>",
+    (document) => {
+      assert.equal(selectAdapter(url, document), null);
+    },
+    url,
+  );
+  withDom(
+    '<head><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://substackcdn.com/bundle.css"></head><main></main>',
+    (document) => {
+      assert.deepEqual(selectAdapter(url, document)?.locator, {
+        platform: "SUBSTACK",
+        origin: "https://www.astralcodexten.com",
+        slug: "example-post",
+      });
+    },
+    url,
+  );
 });
 
-test("custom-domain Substack post paths stay eligible for non-identity matching", () => {
-  const customDomainSubstackUrl = "https://astralcodexten.com/p/example-post";
-  assert.equal(parseSupportedPageIdentity(customDomainSubstackUrl), null);
-  assert.equal(getAdapter(customDomainSubstackUrl), null);
-  assert.equal(isSubstackPostPathUrl(customDomainSubstackUrl), true);
+test("Wikipedia pages match by page ID or title; other platforms by locator key", () => {
+  const byTitle = pageLocatorFor("WIKIPEDIA", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_change");
+  const byTitleAndId = pageLocatorFor(
+    "WIKIPEDIA",
+    "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_change?curid=5042951",
+  );
+  const otherTitle = pageLocatorFor("WIKIPEDIA", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_warming");
+  const otherLanguage = pageLocatorFor("WIKIPEDIA", "https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_change");
+  if (byTitle === null || byTitleAndId === null || otherTitle === null || otherLanguage === null) {
+    throw new Error("expected Wikipedia locators");
+  }
+  assert.equal(isSamePage(byTitle, byTitleAndId), true);
+  assert.equal(isSamePage(byTitle, otherTitle), false);
+  assert.equal(isSamePage(byTitle, otherLanguage), false);
+
+  const lwSlugA = pageLocatorFor("LESSWRONG", "https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/abc/one");
+  const lwSlugB = pageLocatorFor("LESSWRONG", "https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/abc");
+  if (lwSlugA === null || lwSlugB === null) throw new Error("expected LessWrong locators");
+  assert.equal(pageLocatorKey(lwSlugA), pageLocatorKey(lwSlugB));
+  assert.equal(isSamePage(lwSlugA, lwSlugB), true);
 });
diff --git a/src/typescript/extension/test/unit/runtime-error.test.ts b/src/typescript/extension/test/unit/runtime-error.test.ts
index 42846cf..0c587f4 100644
--- a/src/typescript/extension/test/unit/runtime-error.test.ts
+++ b/src/typescript/extension/test/unit/runtime-error.test.ts
@@ -2,66 +2,47 @@ import assert from "node:assert/strict";
 import { test } from "node:test";
 import {
   ExtensionRuntimeError,
+  hasRuntimeErrorCode,
   isExtensionContextInvalidatedError,
-  isInvalidExtensionMessageRuntimeError,
-  isMalformedExtensionVersionRuntimeError,
-  isPayloadTooLargeRuntimeError,
-  isUpgradeRequiredRuntimeError,
+  isNoReceivingEndError,
 } from "../../src/lib/runtime-error.js";
 
-test("isPayloadTooLargeRuntimeError matches ExtensionRuntimeError with PAYLOAD_TOO_LARGE code", () => {
+test("hasRuntimeErrorCode matches ExtensionRuntimeErrors by code only", () => {
   const tooLarge = new ExtensionRuntimeError("too large", "PAYLOAD_TOO_LARGE");
-  assert.equal(isPayloadTooLargeRuntimeError(tooLarge), true);
-  assert.equal(isPayloadTooLargeRuntimeError(new Error("too large")), false);
+  assert.equal(hasRuntimeErrorCode(tooLarge, "PAYLOAD_TOO_LARGE"), true);
+  assert.equal(hasRuntimeErrorCode(tooLarge, "UPGRADE_REQUIRED"), false);
+  assert.equal(hasRuntimeErrorCode(new Error("too large"), "PAYLOAD_TOO_LARGE"), false);
 });
 
-test("isInvalidExtensionMessageRuntimeError matches ExtensionRuntimeError with INVALID_EXTENSION_MESSAGE code", () => {
-  const invalidMessage = new ExtensionRuntimeError("invalid message", "INVALID_EXTENSION_MESSAGE");
-  assert.equal(isInvalidExtensionMessageRuntimeError(invalidMessage), true);
-  assert.equal(isInvalidExtensionMessageRuntimeError(new Error("invalid message")), false);
-});
-
-test("isUpgradeRequiredRuntimeError matches ExtensionRuntimeError with UPGRADE_REQUIRED code", () => {
-  const upgradeRequired = new ExtensionRuntimeError("upgrade required", "UPGRADE_REQUIRED");
-  assert.equal(isUpgradeRequiredRuntimeError(upgradeRequired), true);
-  assert.equal(isUpgradeRequiredRuntimeError(new Error("upgrade required")), false);
-});
-
-test("isMalformedExtensionVersionRuntimeError matches ExtensionRuntimeError with MALFORMED_EXTENSION_VERSION code", () => {
-  const malformed = new ExtensionRuntimeError(
-    "malformed extension version",
-    "MALFORMED_EXTENSION_VERSION",
-  );
-  assert.equal(isMalformedExtensionVersionRuntimeError(malformed), true);
-  assert.equal(
-    isMalformedExtensionVersionRuntimeError(new Error("malformed extension version")),
-    false,
-  );
-});
-
-test("isExtensionContextInvalidatedError matches known runtime-disconnect messages", () => {
+test("isExtensionContextInvalidatedError only matches an invalidated extension context", () => {
   assert.equal(
     isExtensionContextInvalidatedError(
       new Error("Uncaught (in promise) Error: Extension context invalidated."),
     ),
     true,
   );
+  // A background that is not listening, or a handler that never replied, are
+  // faults to retry or report — not a reason for the content script to stop.
   assert.equal(
     isExtensionContextInvalidatedError(
       new Error("Could not establish connection. Receiving end does not exist."),
     ),
-    true,
+    false,
   );
   assert.equal(
     isExtensionContextInvalidatedError(
       new Error("The message port closed before a response was received."),
     ),
-    true,
+    false,
   );
+});
+
+test("isNoReceivingEndError recognizes a tab without a listener", () => {
   assert.equal(
-    isExtensionContextInvalidatedError(
-      new Error("Observed content does not match canonical content"),
+    isNoReceivingEndError(
+      new Error("Could not establish connection. Receiving end does not exist."),
     ),
-    false,
+    true,
   );
+  assert.equal(isNoReceivingEndError(new Error("Extension context invalidated.")), false);
 });
diff --git a/src/typescript/extension/test/unit/session-key.test.ts b/src/typescript/extension/test/unit/session-key.test.ts
index 4621d52..bf245bc 100644
--- a/src/typescript/extension/test/unit/session-key.test.ts
+++ b/src/typescript/extension/test/unit/session-key.test.ts
@@ -1,21 +1,32 @@
 import assert from "node:assert/strict";
 import { test } from "node:test";
-import type { PlatformContent } from "@openerrata/shared";
-import { pageSessionKeyFor } from "../../src/content/session-key.js";
+import { xExternalIdSchema, type PlatformContent } from "@openerrata/shared";
+import type { PlatformAdapter } from "../../src/content/adapters/index.js";
+import { excludeNothing } from "../../src/content/adapters/model.js";
 
-function buildXContent(input?: {
+const STUB_ADAPTER: PlatformAdapter = {
+  platformKey: "LESSWRONG",
+  matches: () => true,
+  pageLocator: () => null,
+  extract: () => ({ kind: "not_ready", reason: "hydrating" }),
+  getContentRoot: () => null,
+  contentExclusionFilter: excludeNothing,
+};
+import { pageLocatorFor } from "../../src/lib/page-locator.js";
+import { sessionKeyFor } from "../../src/content/session-key.js";
+import type { PageSnapshot } from "../../src/content/session-state.js";
+
+function xContent(input?: {
   contentText?: string;
   imageOccurrences?: PlatformContent["imageOccurrences"];
-  mediaState?: PlatformContent["mediaState"];
 }): PlatformContent {
   return {
     platform: "X",
-    externalId: "1900000000000000000",
+    externalId: xExternalIdSchema.parse("1900000000000000000"),
     url: "https://x.com/example/status/1900000000000000000",
     contentText: input?.contentText ?? "Alpha beta gamma",
-    mediaState: input?.mediaState ?? "has_images",
-    imageUrls: [],
-    ...(input?.imageOccurrences === undefined ? {} : { imageOccurrences: input.imageOccurrences }),
+    hasVideo: false,
+    imageOccurrences: input?.imageOccurrences ?? [],
     metadata: {
       authorHandle: "example",
       text: input?.contentText ?? "Alpha beta gamma",
@@ -24,67 +35,71 @@ function buildXContent(input?: {
   };
 }
 
-test("pageSessionKeyFor changes when only image occurrence data changes", () => {
-  const withFirstImage = buildXContent({
-    imageOccurrences: [
-      {
-        originalIndex: 0,
-        normalizedTextOffset: 6,
-        sourceUrl: "https://example.com/a.png",
-      },
-    ],
-  });
-  const withSecondImage = buildXContent({
-    imageOccurrences: [
-      {
-        originalIndex: 0,
-        normalizedTextOffset: 6,
-        sourceUrl: "https://example.com/b.png",
-      },
-    ],
-  });
+function tracked(content: PlatformContent): PageSnapshot {
+  return { kind: "TRACKED_POST", adapter: STUB_ADAPTER, content };
+}
 
-  assert.notEqual(pageSessionKeyFor(withFirstImage), pageSessionKeyFor(withSecondImage));
-});
+function pageSkip(url: string, reason: "private_or_gated" | "unsupported_content"): PageSnapshot {
+  const locator = pageLocatorFor("SUBSTACK", url);
+  if (locator === null) throw new Error("expected a Substack locator");
+  return {
+    kind: "SKIPPED",
+    platform: "SUBSTACK",
+    pageUrl: url,
+    reason,
+    basis: { kind: "PAGE", locator },
+  };
+}
 
-test("pageSessionKeyFor canonicalizes image occurrence ordering", () => {
-  const ordered = buildXContent({
-    imageOccurrences: [
-      {
-        originalIndex: 0,
-        normalizedTextOffset: 6,
-        sourceUrl: "https://example.com/a.png",
-      },
-      {
-        originalIndex: 1,
-        normalizedTextOffset: 12,
-        sourceUrl: "https://example.com/b.png",
-      },
-    ],
-  });
-  const reversedArray = buildXContent({
-    imageOccurrences: [
-      {
-        originalIndex: 1,
-        normalizedTextOffset: 12,
-        sourceUrl: "https://example.com/b.png",
-      },
-      {
-        originalIndex: 0,
-        normalizedTextOffset: 6,
-        sourceUrl: "https://example.com/a.png",
-      },
-    ],
-  });
+test("snapshots that are not page sessions have no key", () => {
+  assert.equal(sessionKeyFor({ kind: "NONE" }), null);
+  assert.equal(sessionKeyFor({ kind: "PENDING" }), null);
+});
 
-  assert.equal(pageSessionKeyFor(ordered), pageSessionKeyFor(reversedArray));
+test("an edit to the observed content or its images starts a new session", () => {
+  const base = sessionKeyFor(tracked(xContent()));
+  assert.notEqual(sessionKeyFor(tracked(xContent({ contentText: "Alpha beta delta" }))), base);
+  assert.notEqual(
+    sessionKeyFor(
+      tracked(
+        xContent({
+          imageOccurrences: [
+            { originalIndex: 0, normalizedTextOffset: 6, sourceUrl: "https://example.com/a.png" },
+          ],
+        }),
+      ),
+    ),
+    base,
+  );
+  assert.equal(sessionKeyFor(tracked(xContent())), base);
 });
 
-test("pageSessionKeyFor treats undefined and empty image occurrences equally", () => {
-  const withoutOccurrences = buildXContent();
-  const withEmptyOccurrences = buildXContent({
-    imageOccurrences: [],
-  });
+test("page-derived skips are keyed by page and reason, so another page or reason is a new session", () => {
+  const alpha = sessionKeyFor(
+    pageSkip("https://alpha.substack.com/p/paid-post", "private_or_gated"),
+  );
+  assert.equal(
+    sessionKeyFor(pageSkip("https://alpha.substack.com/p/paid-post?ref=x", "private_or_gated")),
+    alpha,
+  );
+  assert.notEqual(
+    sessionKeyFor(pageSkip("https://beta.substack.com/p/paid-post", "private_or_gated")),
+    alpha,
+  );
+  assert.notEqual(
+    sessionKeyFor(pageSkip("https://alpha.substack.com/p/paid-post", "unsupported_content")),
+    alpha,
+  );
+});
 
-  assert.equal(pageSessionKeyFor(withoutOccurrences), pageSessionKeyFor(withEmptyOccurrences));
+test("a content-derived skip and a tracked post never share a session key", () => {
+  const content = xContent();
+  const skipped: PageSnapshot = {
+    kind: "SKIPPED",
+    platform: "X",
+    pageUrl: content.url,
+    reason: "word_count",
+    basis: { kind: "CONTENT", content },
+  };
+  assert.notEqual(sessionKeyFor(skipped), sessionKeyFor(tracked(content)));
 });
diff --git a/src/typescript/extension/test/unit/settings-core.test.ts b/src/typescript/extension/test/unit/settings-core.test.ts
index 193c94f..aab8187 100644
--- a/src/typescript/extension/test/unit/settings-core.test.ts
+++ b/src/typescript/extension/test/unit/settings-core.test.ts
@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 import assert from "node:assert/strict";
 import { test } from "node:test";
 import {
-  DEFAULT_EXTENSION_SETTINGS,
+  DEFAULT_API_BASE_URL,
   apiEndpointUrl,
   apiHostPermissionFor,
   normalizeApiBaseUrl,
-  normalizeExtensionSettings,
+  parseStoredSettings,
 } from "../../src/lib/settings-core";
 
 test("normalizeApiBaseUrl accepts https URLs and local development http URLs", () => {
@@ -55,23 +55,43 @@ test("apiEndpointUrl resolves endpoint paths from API base URL", () => {
   );
 });
 
-test("normalizeExtensionSettings applies defaults and trims values", () => {
+test("parseStoredSettings trims values and defaults only what was never set", () => {
   assert.deepEqual(
-    normalizeExtensionSettings({
+    parseStoredSettings({
       apiBaseUrl: "https://localhost:5173/",
       apiKey: "  key-123  ",
       openaiApiKey: "  sk-user-key  ",
       autoInvestigate: true,
-      hmacSecret: "  hmac-secret  ",
     }),
     {
-      apiBaseUrl: "https://localhost:5173",
-      apiKey: "key-123",
-      openaiApiKey: "sk-user-key",
-      autoInvestigate: true,
-      hmacSecret: "hmac-secret",
+      kind: "VALID",
+      settings: {
+        apiBaseUrl: "https://localhost:5173",
+        apiKey: "key-123",
+        openaiApiKey: "sk-user-key",
+        autoInvestigate: true,
+      },
     },
   );
 
-  assert.deepEqual(normalizeExtensionSettings({}), DEFAULT_EXTENSION_SETTINGS);
+  assert.deepEqual(parseStoredSettings({}), {
+    kind: "VALID",
+    settings: {
+      apiBaseUrl: DEFAULT_API_BASE_URL,
+      apiKey: "",
+      openaiApiKey: "",
+      autoInvestigate: false,
+    },
+  });
+});
+
+test("an invalid stored API URL is an error, never silently replaced by the hosted API", () => {
+  const parsed = parseStoredSettings({ apiBaseUrl: "http://selfhosted.example.com" });
+  assert.equal(parsed.kind, "INVALID");
+  assert.match(parsed.kind === "INVALID" ? parsed.problem : "", /selfhosted\.example\.com/);
+});
+
+test("stored settings of the wrong type are reported, not coerced", () => {
+  assert.equal(parseStoredSettings({ autoInvestigate: "yes" }).kind, "INVALID");
+  assert.equal(parseStoredSettings({ apiKey: 42 }).kind, "INVALID");
 });
diff --git a/src/typescript/extension/test/unit/substack-adapter.test.ts b/src/typescript/extension/test/unit/substack-adapter.test.ts
index cd87680..dafcaec 100644
--- a/src/typescript/extension/test/unit/substack-adapter.test.ts
+++ b/src/typescript/extension/test/unit/substack-adapter.test.ts
@@ -269,3 +269,103 @@ test("Substack adapter omits htmlContent when serialized HTML exceeds transport
   assert.equal(ready.content.platform, "SUBSTACK");
   assert.equal(ready.content.metadata.htmlContent, undefined);
 });
+
+// Substack's "free unlock" paywall (seen on noahpinion.blog, 2026-10) uses
+// none of the usual paywall wording; paid-only posts are recognizable by
+// their JSON-LD `isAccessibleForFree: false`.
+function substackPostWithJsonLd(isAccessibleForFree: boolean): string {
+  return `
+    <!doctype html>
+    <html>
+      <head>
+        <meta name="author" content="Noah Smith" />
+        <script type="application/ld+json">${JSON.stringify({
+          "@context": "https://schema.org",
+          "@type": "NewsArticle",
+          headline: "A paid post",
+          isAccessibleForFree,
+        })}</script>
+      </head>
+      <body>
+        <h1 class="post-title">A paid post</h1>
+        <div class="body markup"><p>The preview paragraphs everyone can read.</p></div>
+        <div class="paywall" data-testid="paywall">
+          Continue reading this post for free, courtesy of Noah Smith.
+          <button>Claim my free post</button> Or purchase a paid subscription.
+        </div>
+      </body>
+    </html>`;
+}
+
+test("Substack adapter treats posts declared not accessible for free as private_or_gated", () => {
+  const gated = withWindow(
+    "https://www.noahpinion.blog/p/a-paid-post",
+    substackPostWithJsonLd(false),
+    (document) => substackAdapter.detectPrivateOrGated?.(document),
+  );
+  assert.equal(gated, true);
+});
+
+test("Substack adapter does not gate posts declared accessible for free", () => {
+  const gated = withWindow(
+    "https://garymarcus.substack.com/p/a-public-post",
+    substackPostWithJsonLd(true).replace(/<div class="paywall"[\s\S]*?<\/div>/, ""),
+    (document) => substackAdapter.detectPrivateOrGated?.(document),
+  );
+  assert.equal(gated, false);
+});
+
+// Trimmed from public garymarcus.substack.com and noahpinion.blog posts
+// (2026-10): the post body holds Substack editor components besides the
+// author's prose — a subscribe form, a share button, an embedded tweet card
+// (avatar, author, text, photo, time/views/replies footer) and cards
+// embedding other posts.
+const SUBSTACK_BODY_WITH_COMPONENTS = `
+  <p>The FTC is finally looking at the AI labs.</p>
+  <div class="captioned-image-container"><figure>
+    <a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img can-restack" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/chart.png"><img src="https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/chart.png" alt="A chart of incidents"></a>
+    <figcaption class="image-caption">Incidents by month.</figcaption>
+  </figure></div>
+  <div data-component-name="SubscribeWidget" class="subscribe-widget"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-justifyContent-center pc-reset"><div class="container-IpPqBD"><form action="/api/v1/free?nojs=true" method="post" novalidate="" class="form form-M5sC90"><input type="hidden" name="source" value="subscribe-widget"><div class="sideBySideWrap-vGXrwP"><div class="emailInputWrapper-QlA86j"><input name="email" placeholder="Type your email..." aria-label="Email" type="email"></div><button tabindex="0" type="submit" disabled="" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft rightButton primary subscribe-btn button-VFSdkv buttonBase-GK1x3M"><span class="button-text ">Subscribe</span></button></div></form></div></div></div>
+  <a href="https://x.com/andrewcurran_/status/2105316112061599997" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" data-component-name="Twitter2ToDOM" class="pencraft pc-display-contents pc-reset"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-flexDirection-column pc-gap-12 pc-padding-16 pc-reset tweet-fWkQfo twitter-embed"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-flexDirection-row pc-gap-12 pc-alignItems-center pc-reset"><div style="--scale:40px;" class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-width-40 pc-height-40 pc-reset container-TAtrWj"><picture><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!aHzF!,w_40,h_40,c_fill/https%3A%2F%2Fpbs.substack.com%2Fprofile_images%2F1596945208058744833%2F_X3LT7fb.jpg" alt="X avatar for @AndrewCurran_" width="40" height="40" class="img-OACg1c pencraft pc-reset"></picture></div><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-flexDirection-column pc-reset flex-grow-hUPOlM"><span class="pencraft pc-reset weight-semibold-LL37we reset-PDs18X">Andrew Curran</span><span class="pencraft pc-reset color-secondary-B3TpYa reset-PDs18X">@AndrewCurran_</span></div></div><div class="pencraft pc-reset size-15-gjMpX1 reset-PDs18X text-aFN1BV">The FTC has opened a probe into Anthropic and OpenAI, as well as other unnamed labs. </div><div class="pencraft pc-reset container-aGHQ9p"><img src="https://pbs.substack.com/media/HTeV2MCa8AANqVb.jpg" loading="lazy" class="image-c_FmAR"></div><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-flexDirection-column pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><div class="pencraft pc-reset size-13-yQMlsX reset-PDs18X"><span class="pencraft pc-reset reset-PDs18X">3:17 PM · Sep 30, 2026</span><span class="pencraft pc-reset reset-PDs18X"> · </span><span class="pencraft pc-reset reset-PDs18X">14.3K Views</span></div><div data-orientation="horizontal" role="none" class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-flexDirection-row pc-reset container-jte8en"><hr class="pencraft pc-reset divider-Ti4OTa"></div><div class="pencraft pc-reset size-13-yQMlsX reset-PDs18X"><span class="pencraft pc-reset reset-PDs18X">40 Replies</span><span class="pencraft pc-reset reset-PDs18X"> · </span><span class="pencraft pc-reset reset-PDs18X">297 Likes</span></div></div></div></a>
+  <p>As I warned last year, the incidents keep coming.</p>
+  <div data-component-name="DigestPostEmbed" class="digestPostEmbed-flwiST"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-flexDirection-column pc-reset"><a href="https://garymarcus.substack.com/p/llms-coding-agents-security-nightmare"><h2 class="pencraft pc-reset reset-PDs18X">LLMs + Coding Agents = Security Nightmare</h2></a><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-4 pc-reset"><div class="pencraft pc-reset meta-SjvJkP"><a href="https://substack.com/profile/14807526-gary-marcus">Gary Marcus</a></div><div class="pencraft pc-reset">·</div><div class="pencraft pc-reset meta-SjvJkP">August 17, 2025</div></div><div class="pencraft pc-paddingTop-24 pc-reset"><a href="https://garymarcus.substack.com/p/llms-coding-agents-security-nightmare"><picture><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_1300/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0ae63a76.heic" alt="LLMs + Coding Agents = Security Nightmare" width="1300" height="650"></picture></a></div><p class="caption-QiPycG">Last October, I wrote an essay warning about security.</p><a href="https://garymarcus.substack.com/p/llms-coding-agents-security-nightmare">Read full story</a></div></div>
+  <p data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://garymarcus.substack.com/p/x?action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share&quot;}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton" class="button-wrapper"><a href="https://garymarcus.substack.com/p/x?action=share" class="button primary"><span>Share</span></a></p>
+  <div data-component-name="EmbeddedPostToDOM" class="embedded-post-wrap"><a native="true" href="https://www.glinert.co/p/how-trump-and-the-republicans-can?utm_source=substack&amp;utm_campaign=post_embed" class="embedded-post"><div class="embedded-post-header"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_56/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1a5d2fa4.png" loading="lazy" class="embedded-post-publication-logo"><span class="embedded-post-publication-name">Steven’s Substack</span></div><div class="embedded-post-title-wrapper"><div class="embedded-post-title">How Trump and the Republicans can fix the CHIPS Act</div></div><div class="embedded-post-body">The CHIPS Act represents a critical step toward securing America's semiconductor industry.…</div><div class="embedded-post-cta-wrapper"><span class="embedded-post-cta">Read more</span></div><div class="embedded-post-meta">2 years ago · 4 likes · 1 comment · Steven Glinert</div></a></div>
+`;
+
+test("Substack adapter leaves calls to action and embedded tweets and posts out of the post's text and images", () => {
+  const postId = "218193712";
+  const result = withWindow(
+    "https://garymarcus.substack.com/p/can-companies-like-openai-keep-getting",
+    `
+      <!doctype html>
+      <html>
+        <head>
+          <meta name="author" content="Gary Marcus" />
+          <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/f_jpg/https%3A%2F%2Fgarymarcus.substack.com%2Fpost_preview%2F${postId}%2Ftwitter.jpg" />
+        </head>
+        <body>
+          <h1 class="post-title">Can companies like OpenAI keep getting away with it?</h1>
+          <div class="available-content"><div class="body markup" dir="auto">${SUBSTACK_BODY_WITH_COMPONENTS}</div></div>
+        </body>
+      </html>
+    `,
+    (document) => substackAdapter.extract(document),
+  );
+
+  const ready = assertReady(result);
+  assert.equal(ready.content.platform, "SUBSTACK");
+  assert.equal(
+    ready.content.contentText,
+    "The FTC is finally looking at the AI labs. Incidents by month. As I warned last year, the incidents keep coming.",
+  );
+  assert.deepEqual(
+    ready.content.imageOccurrences.map((image) => image.sourceUrl),
+    ["https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/chart.png"],
+  );
+  const htmlContent = ready.content.metadata.htmlContent ?? "";
+  for (const componentText of ["Subscribe", "FTC has opened a probe", "Read full story", "Share"]) {
+    assert.equal(htmlContent.includes(componentText), false, componentText);
+  }
+});
diff --git a/src/typescript/extension/test/unit/substack-url.test.ts b/src/typescript/extension/test/unit/substack-url.test.ts
deleted file mode 100644
index c7c2ffa..0000000
--- a/src/typescript/extension/test/unit/substack-url.test.ts
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,15 +0,0 @@
-import assert from "node:assert/strict";
-import { test } from "node:test";
-import { extractSubstackPostSlug } from "../../src/lib/substack-url.js";
-
-test("extractSubstackPostSlug returns slug for canonical Substack post paths", () => {
-  assert.equal(extractSubstackPostSlug("/p/example-post"), "example-post");
-  assert.equal(extractSubstackPostSlug("/P/Case-Insensitive"), "Case-Insensitive");
-  assert.equal(extractSubstackPostSlug("/p/example-post?foo=bar"), "example-post");
-});
-
-test("extractSubstackPostSlug returns null for non-post paths", () => {
-  assert.equal(extractSubstackPostSlug("/"), null);
-  assert.equal(extractSubstackPostSlug("/archive"), null);
-  assert.equal(extractSubstackPostSlug("/p/"), null);
-});
diff --git a/src/typescript/extension/test/unit/view-post-input.test.ts b/src/typescript/extension/test/unit/view-post-input.test.ts
index f574dbb..b0365e6 100644
--- a/src/typescript/extension/test/unit/view-post-input.test.ts
+++ b/src/typescript/extension/test/unit/view-post-input.test.ts
@@ -1,23 +1,22 @@
 import assert from "node:assert/strict";
 import { test } from "node:test";
-import type { PlatformContent } from "@openerrata/shared";
+import { platformContentSchema, type PlatformContent } from "@openerrata/shared";
 import { toViewPostInput } from "../../src/lib/view-post-input.js";
 
 test("toViewPostInput omits observedContentText for LESSWRONG", () => {
-  const content: PlatformContent = {
+  const content: PlatformContent = platformContentSchema.parse({
     platform: "LESSWRONG",
-    externalId: "lw-1",
-    url: "https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/lw-1/example",
+    externalId: "lw1",
+    url: "https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/lw1/example",
     contentText: "Observed text from page",
-    mediaState: "text_only",
-    imageUrls: [],
+    hasVideo: false,
     imageOccurrences: [],
     metadata: {
       slug: "example",
       htmlContent: "<p>Canonical source</p>",
       tags: ["rationality"],
     },
-  };
+  });
 
   const result = toViewPostInput(content);
 
@@ -27,13 +26,12 @@ test("toViewPostInput omits observedContentText for LESSWRONG", () => {
 });
 
 test("toViewPostInput includes observedContentText for X", () => {
-  const content: PlatformContent = {
+  const content: PlatformContent = platformContentSchema.parse({
     platform: "X",
     externalId: "1900000000000000000",
     url: "https://x.com/example/status/1900000000000000000",
     contentText: "Thread text",
-    mediaState: "text_only",
-    imageUrls: [],
+    hasVideo: false,
     imageOccurrences: [
       {
         originalIndex: 0,
@@ -46,7 +44,7 @@ test("toViewPostInput includes observedContentText for X", () => {
       text: "Thread text",
       mediaUrls: [],
     },
-  };
+  });
 
   const result = toViewPostInput(content);
 
@@ -57,13 +55,12 @@ test("toViewPostInput includes observedContentText for X", () => {
 });
 
 test("toViewPostInput includes observedContentText for SUBSTACK", () => {
-  const content: PlatformContent = {
+  const content: PlatformContent = platformContentSchema.parse({
     platform: "SUBSTACK",
-    externalId: "example-post",
+    externalId: "12345",
     url: "https://example.substack.com/p/example-post",
     contentText: "Post body",
-    mediaState: "text_only",
-    imageUrls: [],
+    hasVideo: false,
     imageOccurrences: [],
     metadata: {
       substackPostId: "12345",
@@ -72,7 +69,7 @@ test("toViewPostInput includes observedContentText for SUBSTACK", () => {
       title: "Example Post",
       authorName: "Author Name",
     },
-  };
+  });
 
   const result = toViewPostInput(content);
 
@@ -82,13 +79,12 @@ test("toViewPostInput includes observedContentText for SUBSTACK", () => {
 });
 
 test("toViewPostInput includes observedContentText for WIKIPEDIA", () => {
-  const content: PlatformContent = {
+  const content: PlatformContent = platformContentSchema.parse({
     platform: "WIKIPEDIA",
     externalId: "en:12345",
     url: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_change",
     contentText: "Climate change is warming the planet.",
-    mediaState: "text_only",
-    imageUrls: [],
+    hasVideo: false,
     imageOccurrences: [
       {
         originalIndex: 0,
@@ -103,7 +99,7 @@ test("toViewPostInput includes observedContentText for WIKIPEDIA", () => {
       revisionId: "67890",
       displayTitle: "Climate change",
     },
-  };
+  });
 
   const result = toViewPostInput(content);
 
diff --git a/src/typescript/extension/test/unit/wikipedia-adapter.test.ts b/src/typescript/extension/test/unit/wikipedia-adapter.test.ts
index 966d439..b2653f6 100644
--- a/src/typescript/extension/test/unit/wikipedia-adapter.test.ts
+++ b/src/typescript/extension/test/unit/wikipedia-adapter.test.ts
@@ -85,11 +85,12 @@ test("Wikipedia adapter extracts article content and excludes references section
   const ready = assertReady(result);
   assert.equal(ready.content.platform, "WIKIPEDIA");
   assert.equal(ready.content.externalId, "en:12345");
-  assert.equal(ready.content.mediaState, "has_images");
-  assert.deepEqual(ready.content.imageUrls, ["https://en.wikipedia.org/images/example.jpg"]);
+  assert.equal(ready.content.hasVideo, false);
+  assert.deepEqual(
+    ready.content.imageOccurrences.map((occurrence) => occurrence.sourceUrl),
+    ["https://en.wikipedia.org/images/example.jpg"],
+  );
   const imageOccurrences = ready.content.imageOccurrences;
-  assert.notEqual(imageOccurrences, undefined);
-  if (imageOccurrences === undefined) throw new Error("expected imageOccurrences");
   assert.equal(imageOccurrences.length, 1);
   const firstOccurrence = imageOccurrences[0];
   assert.ok(firstOccurrence);
@@ -136,7 +137,7 @@ test("Wikipedia adapter classifies mixed image and video pages as has_video", ()
   );
 
   const ready = assertReady(result);
-  assert.equal(ready.content.mediaState, "has_video");
+  assert.equal(ready.content.hasVideo, true);
 });
 
 test("Wikipedia adapter extracts content when metadata is only available through inline RLCONF", () => {
@@ -472,8 +473,8 @@ test("Wikipedia adapter keeps infobox-style table text separated from surroundin
 //
 //   JSDOM (scripting disabled, as used in tests): <noscript> content is
 //   HTML-parsed into element nodes. querySelectorAll("img[src]") finds the
-//   <img> and adds the CentralAutoLogin URL to imageUrls/imageOccurrences,
-//   causing mediaState to be "has_images" instead of "text_only".
+//   <img> and adds the CentralAutoLogin URL to the image occurrences,
+//   making a text-only article look like it has images.
 //
 // The Assassination_of_Ali_Khamenei page ends with "See also" (not excluded),
 // so skipSectionLevel is NOT set — making the noscript visible to extraction
@@ -528,15 +529,11 @@ test("Wikipedia adapter excludes noscript tracking pixel when last section is no
   );
   // In JSDOM (scripting disabled), <noscript> content is parsed as elements,
   // so the img would be found by querySelectorAll unless noscript is pruned first.
-  assert.equal(
-    ready.content.mediaState,
-    "text_only",
+  assert.deepEqual(
+    ready.content.imageOccurrences,
+    [],
     "noscript img must not be classified as article image",
   );
-  assert.ok(
-    ready.content.imageUrls.every((url) => !url.includes("CentralAutoLogin")),
-    "CentralAutoLogin URL must not appear in imageUrls",
-  );
 });
 
 // ── Stateless extraction across SPA navigations ──────────────────────────
@@ -720,3 +717,65 @@ test("Wikipedia adapter reads fresh config on each extract() call (stateless acr
     scope["NodeFilter"] = savedNodeFilterCtor;
   }
 });
+
+// ── Live-DOM additions by Wikipedia's own scripts ─────────────────────────
+
+test("Wikipedia adapter excludes the fr.wikipedia archive links gadget, which the Parse API lacks", () => {
+  // fr.wikipedia appends `<small class="cachelinks">&nbsp;[archive]</small>`
+  // after external links (seen 2026-10); the canonical Parse API HTML has none.
+  const result = withInlineConfigScript(
+    "https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photosynth%C3%A8se",
+    `<div id="mw-content-text"><div class="mw-parser-output">
+      <p>La photosynthèse est étudiée depuis 1779
+        <a class="external text" href="https://example.org/source">selon une source</a><small class="cachelinks">&nbsp;[<a href="https://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/?url=https://example.org/source" title="archive sur Wikiwix">archive</a>]</small>.</p>
+    </div></div>`,
+    (document) => wikipediaAdapter.extract(document),
+  );
+
+  const ready = assertReady(result);
+  assert.equal(
+    ready.content.contentText,
+    "La photosynthèse est étudiée depuis 1779 selon une source.",
+  );
+});
+
+test("Wikipedia adapter detects video wrapped by the TimedMediaHandler player", () => {
+  // Once Wikipedia's player script has run, <video> sits inside
+  // `.mw-tmh-player`, which text extraction excludes as UI; video detection
+  // must still see it.
+  const result = withInlineConfigScript(
+    "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_change",
+    `<div id="mw-content-text"><div class="mw-parser-output">
+      <p>Prose about the topic.</p>
+      <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb">
+        <span class="mw-tmh-player video" style="width:220px">
+          <video src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/example.webm"></video>
+          <span class="mw-tmh-duration mw-tmh-label">Duration: 1 minute and 3 seconds.</span>
+        </span>
+        <figcaption>A video.</figcaption>
+      </figure>
+    </div></div>`,
+    (document) => wikipediaAdapter.extract(document),
+  );
+
+  const ready = assertReady(result);
+  assert.equal(ready.content.hasVideo, true);
+  assert.equal(ready.content.contentText.includes("Duration"), false);
+});
+
+test("Wikipedia adapter treats a localized non-article namespace as unsupported via wgNamespaceNumber", () => {
+  const result = withMwConfig(
+    "https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diskussion:Erde",
+    `<!doctype html><html><body><div id="mw-content-text"><div class="mw-parser-output"><p>Diskussion.</p></div></div></body></html>`,
+    {
+      wgNamespaceNumber: 1,
+      wgArticleId: 1,
+      wgRevisionId: 2,
+      wgRevisionTimestamp: "20260115010203",
+      wgPageName: "Diskussion:Erde",
+    },
+    (document) => wikipediaAdapter.extract(document),
+  );
+
+  assertNotReady(result, "unsupported");
+});
diff --git a/src/typescript/extension/test/unit/wikipedia-boilerplate.test.ts b/src/typescript/extension/test/unit/wikipedia-boilerplate.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9d3f540
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/typescript/extension/test/unit/wikipedia-boilerplate.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,284 @@
+import assert from "node:assert/strict";
+import { test } from "node:test";
+import { wikipediaHtmlToNormalizedText } from "../../../api/src/lib/services/content-fetcher.js";
+import { wikipediaAdapter } from "../../src/content/adapters/wikipedia.js";
+import { assertReady, withWindow } from "../helpers/adapter-harness.js";
+
+// ── Wikipedia boilerplate across languages ──────────────────────────────────
+// Each case is a trimmed copy of Parse API output (2026-10) for an article on
+// that wiki: the same tags, classes, roles and heading markup, with most of
+// the text cut. Appendix sections, hatnotes, navboxes, authority control,
+// person-data tables, maintenance banners, sister-project boxes and portal
+// bars must leave both the browser's text and the API's canonical text, and
+// the two must stay identical; the prose stays.
+
+interface BoilerplateCase {
+  name: string;
+  url: string;
+  parserOutput: string;
+  expectedText: string;
+}
+
+const heading = (level: 2 | 3, title: string): string =>
+  `<div class="mw-heading mw-heading${level.toString()}"><h${level.toString()} id="${title.replace(/ /g, "_")}">${title}</h${level.toString()}><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?action=edit"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div>`;
+
+const references = `<div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"><li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">A cited source, 1911.</span></li></ol></div>`;
+
+const CASES: BoilerplateCase[] = [
+  {
+    name: "en: hatnotes, series sidebar and maintenance banner (See also stays)",
+    url: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OpenAI",
+    parserOutput: `
+      <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/OpenAL">OpenAL</a>.</div>
+      <table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks hlist" role="navigation"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of a series on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/Artificial_intelligence">Artificial intelligence (AI)</a></th></tr></tbody></table>
+      <p>OpenAI is an artificial intelligence organization.</p>
+      ${heading(2, "Governance")}
+      <table class="box-Recentism plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style ambox-Recentism" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-text">This section appears to be slanted towards recent events.</td></tr></tbody></table>
+      <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Removal_of_Sam_Altman">Removal of Sam Altman from OpenAI</a></div>
+      <p>The board removed its chief executive in 2023.</p>
+      ${heading(2, "See also")}
+      <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anthropic">Anthropic</a></li></ul>
+      ${heading(2, "References")}
+      ${references}
+      ${heading(2, "Further reading")}
+      <ul><li>A book about the company.</li></ul>
+      ${heading(2, "External links")}
+      <ul><li><a class="external text" href="https://openai.com">Official website</a></li></ul>`,
+    expectedText:
+      "OpenAI is an artificial intelligence organization. Governance The board removed its chief executive in 2023. See also Anthropic",
+  },
+  {
+    name: "de: main-article links, appendix sections, navbox, authority control, person data",
+    url: "https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Curie",
+    parserOutput: `
+      <p>Marie Curie war eine Physikerin.</p>
+      ${heading(2, "Leben und Wirken")}
+      <div class="hauptartikel" role="navigation"><span class="hauptartikel-pfeil" title="siehe" aria-hidden="true" role="presentation">→&nbsp;</span><i><span class="hauptartikel-text">Hauptartikel</span>: <a href="/wiki/Radium">Radium</a></i></div>
+      <p>Sie entdeckte Polonium und Radium.</p>
+      ${heading(2, "Siehe auch")}
+      <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Curie">Pierre Curie</a></li></ul>
+      ${heading(2, "Nachweise")}
+      ${heading(3, "Literatur")}
+      <ul><li>P. Adloff (Hrsg.): 100 Years after the Discovery of Radiochemistry. 1996.</li></ul>
+      ${heading(3, "Einzelnachweise")}
+      ${references}
+      ${heading(2, "Weblinks")}
+      <div class="sisterproject" style="margin:0.1em 0 0 0;"><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org">Commons</a></b>: Marie Curie – Sammlung von Bildern</div>
+      <ul><li>Informationen der Nobelstiftung zur Preisverleihung 1911</li></ul>`,
+    expectedText:
+      "Marie Curie war eine Physikerin. Leben und Wirken Sie entdeckte Polonium und Radium. Siehe auch Pierre Curie",
+  },
+  {
+    name: "de: navbox, Normdaten and Personendaten after a kept section",
+    url: "https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photosynthese",
+    parserOutput: `
+      <p>Die Photosynthese ist ein Prozess.</p>
+      ${heading(2, "Siehe auch")}
+      <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chemosynthese">Chemosynthese</a></li></ul>
+      <div class="BoxenVerschmelzen"><div class="klappleiste mw-collapsible navileiste navigation-not-searchable center" role="navigation"><div class="klappleiste-kopf"><a href="/wiki/Liste">Träger des Nobelpreises für Chemie</a></div><div class="klappleiste-inhalt mw-collapsible-content"><p>1901:&nbsp;<a href="/wiki/Hoff">van ’t Hoff</a>&nbsp;| 1902:&nbsp;<a href="/wiki/Fischer">E. Fischer</a></p></div></div></div>
+      <div class="hintergrundfarbe1 rahmenfarbe1 navigation-not-searchable normdaten-typ-s" id="normdaten"><div><div>Normdaten&nbsp;(Sachbegriff): <a href="/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei">GND</a>: <span class="plainlinks-print"><a class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4045936-6">4045936-6</a></span></div></div></div>
+      <table class="metadata rahmenfarbe1" id="Vorlage_Personendaten" style="border-style: solid; margin-top: 20px;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Hilfe:Personendaten">Personendaten</a></th></tr><tr><td style="color: #aaa;">NAME</td><td style="font-weight: bold;">Curie, Marie</td></tr></tbody></table>`,
+    expectedText: "Die Photosynthese ist ein Prozess. Siehe auch Chemosynthese",
+  },
+  {
+    name: "fr: bandeaux, appendix subsections, portal bar and quality label",
+    url: "https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Curie",
+    parserOutput: `
+      <div class="bandeau-container metadata homonymie hatnote"><div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"></div><div class="bandeau-cell" style="display:table-cell">Pour les articles homonymes, voir <a href="/wiki/Curie">Curie</a>.</div></div>
+      <p>Marie Curie est une physicienne.</p>
+      ${heading(2, "Biographie")}
+      <div class="bandeau-container bandeau-section metadata bandeau-niveau-information"><div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone-css loupe">Article détaillé&nbsp;: <a href="/wiki/Institut_du_radium">Institut du radium</a>.</div></div>
+      <p>Elle fonde l'Institut du radium.</p>
+      ${heading(2, "Notes et références")}
+      ${references}
+      ${heading(2, "Voir aussi")}
+      ${heading(3, "Bibliographie")}
+      <div class="colonnes"><ul><li>Ève Curie, <i>Madame Curie</i>, Gallimard, 1938</li></ul></div>
+      ${heading(3, "Liens externes")}
+      <ul><li>Biographie sur le site de la fondation Nobel</li></ul>
+      ${heading(3, "Articles connexes")}
+      <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Radioactivit%C3%A9">Radioactivité</a></li></ul>
+      <ul id="bandeau-portail" class="bandeau-portail"><li><span class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-texte"><a href="/wiki/Portail:Physique">Portail de la physique</a></span></span></li></ul>
+      <div id="article_de_qualite" class="bandeau-container metadata bandeau-simple bandeau-niveau-neutre"><div class="bandeau-cell">La version du 27 janvier 2006 de cet article a été reconnue comme « article de qualité ».</div></div>`,
+    expectedText:
+      "Marie Curie est une physicienne. Biographie Elle fonde l'Institut du radium. Voir aussi Articles connexes Radioactivité",
+  },
+  {
+    name: "fr read view: each section nested in its own <section> element",
+    url: "https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter_(plan%C3%A8te)",
+    parserOutput: `
+      <section data-mw-section-id="0"><p>Jupiter est une planète géante.</p></section>
+      <section data-mw-section-id="1">${heading(2, "Observation")}<p>Jupiter est visible à l'œil nu.</p></section>
+      <section data-mw-section-id="2">${heading(2, "Notes et références")}${references}</section>
+      <section data-mw-section-id="3">${heading(2, "Voir aussi")}
+        <section data-mw-section-id="4">${heading(3, "Bibliographie")}<ul><li>Guillaume Cannat, Jupiter et Saturne en direct, 2005.</li></ul></section>
+        <section data-mw-section-id="5">${heading(3, "Articles connexes")}<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anneaux_de_Jupiter">Anneaux de Jupiter</a></li></ul></section>
+        <section data-mw-section-id="6">${heading(3, "Liens externes")}<ul><li>Le Système Solaire - Jupiter.</li></ul><ul id="bandeau-portail" class="bandeau-portail"><li>Portail de l'astronomie</li></ul></section>
+      </section>`,
+    expectedText:
+      "Jupiter est une planète géante. Observation Jupiter est visible à l'œil nu. Voir aussi Articles connexes Anneaux de Jupiter",
+  },
+  {
+    name: "es: references, bibliography and external links with authority control",
+    url: "https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Curie",
+    parserOutput: `
+      <p>Marie Curie fue una física.</p>
+      ${heading(2, "Véase también")}
+      <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Radio">Radio</a></li></ul>
+      ${heading(2, "Referencias")}
+      ${references}
+      ${heading(2, "Bibliografía consultada")}
+      <ul><li>Borzendowski, Janice (2009). Marie Curie.</li></ul>
+      ${heading(2, "Enlaces externos")}
+      <ul><li>Wikimedia Commons alberga una galería multimedia sobre Marie Curie.</li></ul>
+      <div class="mw-authority-control"><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-label="Navbox"><table class="hlist navbox-inner"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group">Control de autoridades</th><td class="navbox-list">Datos: Q7186</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div>`,
+    expectedText: "Marie Curie fue una física. Véase también Radio",
+  },
+  {
+    name: "it: notes, bibliography, other projects and external links",
+    url: "https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Curie",
+    parserOutput: `
+      <p>Marie Curie è stata una fisica.</p>
+      ${heading(2, "Note")}
+      ${references}
+      ${heading(2, "Bibliografia")}
+      <ul><li>Françoise Giroud, Marie Curie, Rizzoli, 1982.</li></ul>
+      ${heading(2, "Voci correlate")}
+      <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Donne_nella_scienza">Donne nella scienza</a></li></ul>
+      ${heading(2, "Altri progetti")}
+      <div id="interProject" style="display: none; clear: both;"><div>Altri progetti</div><ul><li><a href="https://it.wikiquote.org">Wikiquote</a></li></ul></div>
+      <ul><li>Wikiquote contiene citazioni di o su Marie Curie</li></ul>
+      ${heading(2, "Collegamenti esterni")}
+      <ul><li>Curie, Pierre e Marie, su Treccani.it</li></ul>
+      <table class="CdA"><tbody><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Aiuto:Controllo_di_autorit%C3%A0">Controllo di autorità</a></th><td>VIAF 76353174</td></tr></tbody></table>`,
+    expectedText: "Marie Curie è stata una fisica. Voci correlate Donne nella scienza",
+  },
+  {
+    name: "pt: main-article hatnotes and appendix sections",
+    url: "https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%BApiter_(planeta)",
+    parserOutput: `
+      <p>Júpiter é o maior planeta.</p>
+      ${heading(2, "Atmosfera")}
+      <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Ver artigo principal: <a href="/wiki/Atmosfera_de_J%C3%BApiter">Atmosfera de Júpiter</a></div>
+      <p>A atmosfera é composta de hidrogênio.</p>
+      ${heading(2, "Ver também")}
+      <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Exoplaneta">Exoplaneta</a></li></ul>
+      ${heading(2, "Notas")}
+      <ul><li>Este artigo foi traduzido do inglês.</li></ul>
+      ${heading(2, "Referências")}
+      ${references}
+      ${heading(2, "Ligações externas")}
+      <div id="interProject" style="display:none;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org">Commons</a></div>
+      <ul><li>NASA Jupiter</li></ul>`,
+    expectedText:
+      "Júpiter é o maior planeta. Atmosfera A atmosfera é composta de hidrogênio. Ver também Exoplaneta",
+  },
+  {
+    name: "nl: appendix box, navigation template and sister-project box",
+    url: "https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter_(planeet)",
+    parserOutput: `
+      <p>Jupiter is de grootste planeet.</p>
+      <div class="toccolours appendix" role="presentation" style="font-size:90%; margin:1em 0 -0.5em; clear:both;"><div><span style="font-weight:bold">Voetnoten</span></div><div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;">${references}</div><p><b>Externe links</b></p><ul><li>(en) Jupiter Fact Sheet</li></ul></div>
+      <div class="navigatie" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="Het_zonnestelsel"><table class="navigatie-tabel"><tbody><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Zonnestelsel">Het zonnestelsel</a> · <a href="/wiki/Mercurius_(planeet)">Mercurius</a></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
+      <div class="interProject commons mw-list-item" style="display:none;"><a class="extiw" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Jupiter">Mediabestanden</a></div>
+      <div class="interProjectTemplate interProject-groot toccolours" style="display:flex; gap:1em;"><div>Zie de categorie <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org">Jupiter (planet)</a> van Wikimedia Commons voor mediabestanden over dit onderwerp.</div></div>`,
+    expectedText: "Jupiter is de grootste planeet.",
+  },
+  {
+    name: "pl: footnotes, notes, further reading and external links",
+    url: "https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jowisz",
+    parserOutput: `
+      <p>Jowisz jest największą planetą.</p>
+      ${heading(2, "Zobacz też")}
+      <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gazowy_olbrzym">gazowy olbrzym</a></li></ul>
+      ${heading(2, "Uwagi")}
+      ${references}
+      ${heading(2, "Przypisy")}
+      ${references}
+      ${heading(2, "Dalsza literatura")}
+      <ul><li>Bagenal, F.: Jupiter: The planet, satellites, and magnetosphere. 2004.</li></ul>
+      ${heading(2, "Linki zewnętrzne")}
+      <ul><li>Jowisz w serwisie NASA</li></ul>`,
+    expectedText: "Jowisz jest największą planetą. Zobacz też gazowy olbrzym",
+  },
+  {
+    name: "ru: hatnotes and appendix sections",
+    url: "https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AE%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80",
+    parserOutput: `
+      <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable dabhide">См. также: <a href="/wiki/Atm">Атмосфера Юпитера</a></div>
+      <p>Юпитер — крупнейшая планета.</p>
+      ${heading(2, "См. также")}
+      <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gas">Газовый гигант</a></li></ul>
+      ${heading(2, "Примечания")}
+      ${references}
+      ${heading(2, "Литература")}
+      <ul><li>Маров М. Я. Планеты Солнечной системы. 1986.</li></ul>
+      ${heading(2, "Ссылки")}
+      <ul><li>Факты о Юпитере на сайте НАСА</li></ul>`,
+    expectedText: "Юпитер - крупнейшая планета. См. также Газовый гигант", // dashes normalize to "-"
+  },
+  {
+    name: "ja: sister-project box and appendix sections",
+    url: "https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E6%98%9F",
+    parserOutput: `
+      <p>木星は太陽系最大の惑星である。</p>
+      ${heading(2, "関連項目")}
+      <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gas">巨大ガス惑星</a></li></ul>
+      ${heading(2, "脚注")}
+      ${heading(3, "出典")}
+      ${references}
+      ${heading(2, "参考文献")}
+      <ul><li>松井孝典『惑星科学入門』講談社、1996年。</li></ul>
+      ${heading(2, "外部リンク")}
+      <div role="navigation" aria-labelledby="sister-projects" class="side-box metadata side-box-right sister-box sistersitebox plainlinks"><div class="side-box-abovebelow">ウィキペディアの姉妹プロジェクトで「木星」に関する情報が検索できます。</div></div>
+      <ul><li>理科ねっとわーく 太陽系図鑑（木星）</li></ul>`,
+    expectedText: "木星は太陽系最大の惑星である。 関連項目 巨大ガス惑星",
+  },
+  {
+    name: "zh: hatnote and appendix sections in either script",
+    url: "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E6%98%9F",
+    parserOutput: `
+      <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/Atm">木星大氣層</a></div>
+      <p>木星是太陽系中最大的行星。</p>
+      ${heading(2, "相關條目")}
+      <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hot">熱木星</a></li></ul>
+      ${heading(2, "註解")}
+      ${references}
+      ${heading(2, "參考資料")}
+      ${references}
+      ${heading(2, "延伸阅读")}
+      <ul><li>Bagenal, F. Jupiter. 2004.</li></ul>
+      ${heading(2, "外部連結")}
+      <ul><li>NASA 木星</li></ul>`,
+    expectedText: "木星是太陽系中最大的行星。 相關條目 熱木星",
+  },
+];
+
+function clientText(boilerplateCase: BoilerplateCase): string {
+  const page = `<!doctype html>
+    <html>
+      <head>
+        <script>
+          RLCONF={"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Article","wgArticleId":12345,"wgRevisionId":67890,"wgRevisionTimestamp":"20261001000000"};
+        </script>
+      </head>
+      <body>
+        <div id="mw-content-text"><div class="mw-parser-output">${boilerplateCase.parserOutput}</div></div>
+      </body>
+    </html>`;
+  return withWindow(
+    boilerplateCase.url,
+    page,
+    (document) => assertReady(wikipediaAdapter.extract(document)).content.contentText,
+  );
+}
+
+for (const boilerplateCase of CASES) {
+  test(`Wikipedia canonical text keeps only prose — ${boilerplateCase.name}`, () => {
+    const serverText = wikipediaHtmlToNormalizedText(
+      `<div class="mw-parser-output">${boilerplateCase.parserOutput}</div>`,
+    );
+    assert.equal(serverText, boilerplateCase.expectedText);
+    assert.equal(clientText(boilerplateCase), serverText);
+  });
+}
diff --git a/src/typescript/extension/test/unit/x-adapter.test.ts b/src/typescript/extension/test/unit/x-adapter.test.ts
index 8df51c8..f4d7e12 100644
--- a/src/typescript/extension/test/unit/x-adapter.test.ts
+++ b/src/typescript/extension/test/unit/x-adapter.test.ts
@@ -34,8 +34,11 @@ test("X adapter keeps contentText scoped to tweetText while preserving image occ
   assert.equal(ready.content.platform, "X");
   assert.equal(ready.content.contentText, "Hello world from tweet body.");
   assert.equal(ready.content.contentText.includes("12 Likes"), false);
-  assert.equal(ready.content.mediaState, "has_images");
-  assert.deepEqual(ready.content.imageUrls, ["https://x.com/media/one.jpg"]);
+  assert.equal(ready.content.hasVideo, false);
+  assert.deepEqual(
+    ready.content.imageOccurrences.map((occurrence) => occurrence.sourceUrl),
+    ["https://x.com/media/one.jpg"],
+  );
   assert.deepEqual(ready.content.imageOccurrences, [
     {
       originalIndex: 0,
@@ -46,3 +49,113 @@ test("X adapter keeps contentText scoped to tweetText while preserving image occ
   ]);
   assert.equal(ready.content.metadata.text, "Hello world from tweet body.");
 });
+
+// Logged-out x.com (2026-10) serves a frontend without any data-testid
+// attributes: each tweet is a bare <article>, the tweet text is a
+// `div[dir="auto"]` after the author header, and replies or quote tweets that
+// reference the target also link to its permalink. These fixtures mirror the
+// structure captured from x.com/TheEllenShow/status/440322224407314432.
+function loggedOutArticle(input: {
+  handle: string;
+  name: string;
+  statusId: string;
+  text: string;
+  quotedStatusPath?: string;
+  photo?: string;
+}): string {
+  return `
+    <article class="flex flex-col gap-1">
+      <div class="flex gap-2">
+        <a class="x-link" href="/${input.handle}">
+          <div class="x-avatar"><img alt="@${input.handle}" src="https://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/1/${input.handle}_normal.jpg"></div>
+        </a>
+        <div class="flex min-w-0 flex-1 flex-col">
+          <a class="x-link" href="/${input.handle}"><div class="text-body font-bold">${input.name}</div></a>
+          <a class="x-link" href="/${input.handle}"><span>@${input.handle}</span></a>
+          <div class="max-w-full whitespace-pre-wrap" dir="auto">${input.text}</div>
+          ${
+            input.photo === undefined
+              ? ""
+              : `<a href="/${input.handle}/status/${input.statusId}/photo/1"><img alt="Image" src="${input.photo}"></a>`
+          }
+          ${input.quotedStatusPath === undefined ? "" : `<a href="${input.quotedStatusPath}"><div dir="auto">The Ellen Show</div></a>`}
+          <a href="/${input.handle}/status/${input.statusId}">7:06 PM · Mar 2, 2014</a>
+          <div>158K</div>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+    </article>`;
+}
+
+test("X adapter extracts the target tweet from the logged-out frontend, ignoring replies that link to it", () => {
+  const tweetId = "440322224407314432";
+  const result = withWindow(
+    `https://x.com/TheEllenShow/status/${tweetId}`,
+    `<!doctype html><html><body><main>
+      ${loggedOutArticle({
+        handle: "TheEllenShow",
+        name: "The Ellen Show",
+        statusId: tweetId,
+        text: "If only Bradley's arm was longer. Best photo ever. #oscars",
+        photo: "https://pbs.twimg.com/media/BhxWutnCEAAtEQ6?format=webp&name=large",
+      })}
+      ${loggedOutArticle({
+        handle: "KevinSpacey",
+        name: "Kevin Spacey",
+        statusId: "440338760480198657",
+        text: "My photobombing gets better and better! @TheEllenShow #oscars",
+        quotedStatusPath: `/TheEllenShow/status/${tweetId}`,
+      })}
+    </main></body></html>`,
+    (document) => xAdapter.extract(document),
+  );
+
+  const ready = assertReady(result);
+  if (ready.content.platform !== "X") throw new Error("expected an X post");
+  assert.equal(ready.content.externalId, tweetId);
+  assert.equal(
+    ready.content.contentText,
+    "If only Bradley's arm was longer. Best photo ever. #oscars",
+  );
+  assert.deepEqual(
+    ready.content.imageOccurrences.map((occurrence) => occurrence.sourceUrl),
+    ["https://pbs.twimg.com/media/BhxWutnCEAAtEQ6?format=webp&name=large"],
+    "the photo is an image of the post; the author's avatar is not",
+  );
+  assert.equal(ready.content.metadata.authorHandle, "TheEllenShow");
+  assert.equal(ready.content.metadata.authorDisplayName, null);
+});
+
+test("X adapter reads an anonymous status URL on the logged-out frontend", () => {
+  const result = withWindow(
+    "https://x.com/i/status/20",
+    `<!doctype html><html><body><main>
+      ${loggedOutArticle({ handle: "jack", name: "jack", statusId: "20", text: "just setting up my twttr" })}
+    </main></body></html>`,
+    (document) => xAdapter.extract(document),
+  );
+
+  const ready = assertReady(result);
+  if (ready.content.platform !== "X") throw new Error("expected an X post");
+  assert.equal(ready.content.contentText, "just setting up my twttr");
+  assert.equal(ready.content.metadata.authorHandle, "jack");
+});
+
+test("X adapter stays ambiguous when several articles link to the status and the URL names no author", () => {
+  const tweetId = "440322224407314432";
+  const result = withWindow(
+    `https://x.com/i/status/${tweetId}`,
+    `<!doctype html><html><body><main>
+      ${loggedOutArticle({ handle: "TheEllenShow", name: "The Ellen Show", statusId: tweetId, text: "Original" })}
+      ${loggedOutArticle({
+        handle: "KevinSpacey",
+        name: "Kevin Spacey",
+        statusId: "440338760480198657",
+        text: "Reply",
+        quotedStatusPath: `/TheEllenShow/status/${tweetId}`,
+      })}
+    </main></body></html>`,
+    (document) => xAdapter.extract(document),
+  );
+
+  assert.equal(result.kind === "not_ready" && result.reason, "ambiguous_dom");
+});
diff --git a/src/typescript/extension/vite.config.ts b/src/typescript/extension/vite.config.ts
index a38cb1e..1583e9a 100644
--- a/src/typescript/extension/vite.config.ts
+++ b/src/typescript/extension/vite.config.ts
@@ -35,7 +35,10 @@ const FIREFOX_GECKO_ID =
   process.env.FIREFOX_GECKO_ID !== undefined && process.env.FIREFOX_GECKO_ID.length > 0
     ? process.env.FIREFOX_GECKO_ID
     : "openerrata@openerrata.com";
-const FIREFOX_MIN_VERSION = "109.0";
+// Firefox grants MV3 `host_permissions` at install only from 127 on (before,
+// users had to grant site access by hand and nothing worked until they did);
+// 128 is the matching ESR. `storage.session` also needs 115+.
+const FIREFOX_MIN_VERSION = "128.0";
 
 function cloneManifest(manifest: ExtensionManifest): ExtensionManifest {
   return JSON.parse(JSON.stringify(manifest)) as ExtensionManifest;
@@ -79,10 +82,11 @@ function copyBuiltExtensionToFirefoxDir(dist: string): void {
   }
 }
 
+// The IIFE bundles (Firefox background, content script) contain no Svelte
+// components, so they build without the Svelte plugin.
 async function buildFirefoxBackgroundBundle(outputDir: string): Promise<void> {
   await build({
     configFile: false,
-    plugins: [svelte()],
     build: {
       outDir: outputDir,
       emptyOutDir: false,
@@ -111,7 +115,6 @@ async function buildFirefoxBackgroundBundle(outputDir: string): Promise<void> {
 async function buildContentScriptBundle(outputDir: string): Promise<void> {
   await build({
     configFile: false,
-    plugins: [svelte()],
     build: {
       outDir: outputDir,
       emptyOutDir: false,
diff --git a/src/typescript/frontend/Dockerfile b/src/typescript/frontend/Dockerfile
index 833067a..ac1caa3 100644
--- a/src/typescript/frontend/Dockerfile
+++ b/src/typescript/frontend/Dockerfile
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
-FROM node:22-slim AS base
+# Keep in step with node-version in .github/actions/setup-typescript-workspace.
+FROM node:22.23.3-slim AS base
+# corepack installs the pnpm version pinned by package.json's packageManager.
 RUN corepack enable
 
 FROM base AS build
@@ -6,14 +8,20 @@ WORKDIR /app
 # Copy dependency manifests first so pnpm install is cached unless
 # package.json or pnpm-lock.yaml changes.
 COPY pnpm-workspace.yaml package.json pnpm-lock.yaml ./
+COPY shared/package.json shared/
 COPY frontend/package.json frontend/
 RUN pnpm install --frozen-lockfile
 # Now copy source files (changes here won't bust the install cache).
+# @openerrata/shared is TypeScript source compiled into the server bundle.
+COPY tsconfig.base.json ./
+COPY shared/ shared/
 COPY frontend/ frontend/
 RUN pnpm --filter @openerrata/frontend build
 
 FROM base AS runtime
 WORKDIR /app/frontend
+# The bundle imports its npm dependencies (e.g. zod) at runtime; keep pnpm's
+# workspace layout so the symlinks in frontend/node_modules resolve.
 COPY --from=build /app/frontend/build /app/frontend/build
 COPY --from=build /app/frontend/node_modules /app/frontend/node_modules
 COPY --from=build /app/node_modules /app/node_modules
@@ -22,5 +30,6 @@ COPY --from=build /app/frontend/package.json /app/frontend/package.json
 EXPOSE 3000
 ENV PORT=3000
 ENV NODE_ENV=production
+USER node
 
 CMD ["node", "build/index.js"]
diff --git a/src/typescript/frontend/package.json b/src/typescript/frontend/package.json
index 28dab55..2c78d80 100644
--- a/src/typescript/frontend/package.json
+++ b/src/typescript/frontend/package.json
@@ -13,13 +13,17 @@
     "test:e2e:post-deploy": "pnpm exec playwright test -c playwright.post-deploy.config.ts"
   },
   "dependencies": {
+    "@openerrata/shared": "workspace:*",
     "@sveltejs/adapter-node": "^5.5.3",
     "@sveltejs/kit": "^2.52.2",
-    "svelte": "^5.53.0"
+    "markdown-it": "^14.1.1",
+    "svelte": "^5.53.0",
+    "zod": "^4.3.6"
   },
   "devDependencies": {
     "@playwright/test": "^1.56.1",
     "@sveltejs/vite-plugin-svelte": "^6.2.4",
+    "@types/markdown-it": "^14.1.2",
     "svelte-check": "^4.2.1",
     "tsx": "^4.21.0",
     "typescript": "^5.9.3",
diff --git a/src/typescript/frontend/playwright.config.ts b/src/typescript/frontend/playwright.config.ts
index 088be34..9e277e3 100644
--- a/src/typescript/frontend/playwright.config.ts
+++ b/src/typescript/frontend/playwright.config.ts
@@ -1,7 +1,10 @@
 import { defineConfig } from "@playwright/test";
 
+const MOCK_PUBLIC_API_PORT = "19876";
+
 export default defineConfig({
   testDir: "test/e2e",
+  testIgnore: "post-deploy-smoke.spec.ts",
   timeout: 30_000,
   expect: {
     timeout: 10_000,
@@ -11,14 +14,26 @@ export default defineConfig({
   reporter: "list",
   use: {
     baseURL: "http://localhost:4173",
+    // The full Chromium build in new headless mode, as the extension suite
+    // uses: one browser download serves both, and no window ever opens.
+    channel: "chromium",
+    headless: true,
   },
-  webServer: {
-    command: "node build/index.js",
-    port: 4173,
-    reuseExistingServer: false,
-    env: {
-      PORT: "4173",
-      API_BASE_URL: "http://localhost:19876",
+  webServer: [
+    {
+      command: "node --import tsx test/e2e/mock-public-api.ts",
+      url: `http://127.0.0.1:${MOCK_PUBLIC_API_PORT}/health`,
+      reuseExistingServer: false,
+      env: { MOCK_PUBLIC_API_PORT },
     },
-  },
+    {
+      command: "node build/index.js",
+      port: 4173,
+      reuseExistingServer: false,
+      env: {
+        PORT: "4173",
+        API_BASE_URL: `http://127.0.0.1:${MOCK_PUBLIC_API_PORT}`,
+      },
+    },
+  ],
 });
diff --git a/src/typescript/frontend/playwright.post-deploy.config.ts b/src/typescript/frontend/playwright.post-deploy.config.ts
index ca139a7..1a0732d 100644
--- a/src/typescript/frontend/playwright.post-deploy.config.ts
+++ b/src/typescript/frontend/playwright.post-deploy.config.ts
@@ -16,4 +16,8 @@ export default defineConfig({
   fullyParallel: false,
   workers: 1,
   reporter: "list",
+  use: {
+    channel: "chromium",
+    headless: true,
+  },
 });
diff --git a/src/typescript/frontend/src/app.css b/src/typescript/frontend/src/app.css
index 08d5289..8e4bb08 100644
--- a/src/typescript/frontend/src/app.css
+++ b/src/typescript/frontend/src/app.css
@@ -38,6 +38,11 @@ body {
   min-height: 100vh;
 }
 
+/* A class rather than app.html's usual inline style, which the CSP forbids. */
+.app-root {
+  display: contents;
+}
+
 a {
   color: var(--color-accent);
   text-decoration: none;
diff --git a/src/typescript/frontend/src/app.html b/src/typescript/frontend/src/app.html
index 33a5558..dd9494d 100644
--- a/src/typescript/frontend/src/app.html
+++ b/src/typescript/frontend/src/app.html
@@ -11,6 +11,6 @@
     %sveltekit.head%
   </head>
   <body data-sveltekit-preload-data="hover">
-    <div style="display: contents">%sveltekit.body%</div>
+    <div class="app-root">%sveltekit.body%</div>
   </body>
 </html>
diff --git a/src/typescript/frontend/src/hooks.server.ts b/src/typescript/frontend/src/hooks.server.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..967549d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/typescript/frontend/src/hooks.server.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+import type { ServerInit } from "@sveltejs/kit";
+import { publicApiBaseUrl } from "$lib/server/public-api";
+
+// Fail at startup rather than on the first request when API_BASE_URL is unusable.
+export const init: ServerInit = () => {
+  publicApiBaseUrl();
+};
diff --git a/src/typescript/frontend/src/lib/api.ts b/src/typescript/frontend/src/lib/api.ts
deleted file mode 100644
index df3d67f..0000000
--- a/src/typescript/frontend/src/lib/api.ts
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,44 +0,0 @@
-function getApiBaseUrl(): string {
-  const url = process.env["API_BASE_URL"];
-  if (url === undefined || url.length === 0) {
-    throw new Error("API_BASE_URL environment variable is required");
-  }
-  return url;
-}
-
-/**
- * Send a GraphQL query to the API server and return the typed `data` field.
- *
- * This is a system boundary: the response body is validated structurally
- * (object with a `data` key, optional `errors` array) and then cast to `T`.
- * Callers trust that the GraphQL schema matches the TypeScript interface.
- */
-export async function graphqlQuery<T>(
-  query: string,
-  variables: Record<string, unknown>,
-): Promise<T> {
-  const response = await fetch(`${getApiBaseUrl()}/graphql`, {
-    method: "POST",
-    headers: { "Content-Type": "application/json" },
-    body: JSON.stringify({ query, variables }),
-  });
-
-  if (!response.ok) {
-    throw new Error(`GraphQL request failed: ${response.status} ${response.statusText}`);
-  }
-
-  const body: unknown = await response.json();
-
-  if (typeof body !== "object" || body === null || !("data" in body)) {
-    throw new Error("GraphQL response missing 'data' field");
-  }
-
-  const record = body as Record<string, unknown>;
-
-  if ("errors" in body && Array.isArray(record["errors"]) && record["errors"].length > 0) {
-    const errors = record["errors"] as { message: string }[];
-    throw new Error(`GraphQL error: ${errors.map((e) => e.message).join(", ")}`);
-  }
-
-  return record["data"] as T;
-}
diff --git a/src/typescript/frontend/src/lib/claim-markdown.ts b/src/typescript/frontend/src/lib/claim-markdown.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fc105b7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/typescript/frontend/src/lib/claim-markdown.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+import MarkdownIt from "markdown-it";
+
+// Reasoning is LLM output that a post's author can steer, so rendering is
+// restricted to what is safe to publish: raw HTML is escaped, markdown-it's
+// link validation drops javascript:/vbscript:/file:/data: targets, and images
+// are disabled so a claim can't embed a remote (tracking) image in our page.
+const markdownRenderer = new MarkdownIt({
+  html: false,
+  linkify: true,
+  breaks: true,
+}).disable("image");
+
+const defaultLinkOpenRenderer =
+  markdownRenderer.renderer.rules["link_open"] ??
+  ((tokens, index, options, _env, self) => self.renderToken(tokens, index, options));
+
+markdownRenderer.renderer.rules["link_open"] = (tokens, index, options, env, self) => {
+  const token = tokens[index];
+  token?.attrSet("target", "_blank");
+  token?.attrSet("rel", "noopener noreferrer");
+  return defaultLinkOpenRenderer(tokens, index, options, env, self);
+};
+
+export function renderClaimReasoningHtml(markdown: string): string {
+  return markdownRenderer.render(markdown);
+}
diff --git a/src/typescript/frontend/src/lib/extension-install-url.ts b/src/typescript/frontend/src/lib/extension-install-url.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..43323e4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/typescript/frontend/src/lib/extension-install-url.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+export const CHROME_WEB_STORE_URL =
+  "https://chromewebstore.google.com/detail/openerrata/iflopmpcoifkihfimncdjkokibdfkkbd";
diff --git a/src/typescript/frontend/src/lib/platform-labels.ts b/src/typescript/frontend/src/lib/platform-labels.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7324c8e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/typescript/frontend/src/lib/platform-labels.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+import type { Platform } from "@openerrata/shared";
+
+// Type-only import: pages must not pull the shared schema barrel into the client bundle.
+export const PLATFORM_LABELS = {
+  LESSWRONG: "LessWrong",
+  X: "X",
+  SUBSTACK: "Substack",
+  WIKIPEDIA: "Wikipedia",
+} as const satisfies Record<Platform, string>;
diff --git a/src/typescript/frontend/src/lib/public-queries.ts b/src/typescript/frontend/src/lib/public-queries.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f339f0a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/typescript/frontend/src/lib/public-queries.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,107 @@
+import {
+  getPublicInvestigationInputSchema,
+  publicGetInvestigationOutputSchema,
+  publicSearchInvestigationsOutputSchema,
+  searchInvestigationsInputSchema,
+} from "@openerrata/shared";
+import { z } from "zod";
+
+/**
+ * A GraphQL document the site sends to the API's public `/graphql` endpoint,
+ * paired with the shared public-API schemas for its variables and response.
+ *
+ * Each document selects every field of its response schema, so a response that
+ * fails to parse means the API broke the public contract. The API's
+ * `test/unit/frontend-graphql-contract.test.ts` executes these documents
+ * against the real GraphQL schema to keep both sides in step.
+ *
+ * This module must stay free of SvelteKit imports so that test can load it.
+ */
+export interface PublicQuery<TVariables extends z.ZodType, TData extends z.ZodType> {
+  document: string;
+  variablesSchema: TVariables;
+  dataSchema: TData;
+}
+
+const INVESTIGATION_ORIGIN_FIELDS = `
+  origin {
+    provenance
+    serverVerifiedAt
+  }
+`;
+
+export const searchInvestigationsQuery = {
+  document: `
+    query SearchInvestigations(
+      $query: String
+      $platform: Platform
+      $minClaimCount: Int
+      $limit: Int
+      $offset: Int
+    ) {
+      searchInvestigations(
+        query: $query
+        platform: $platform
+        minClaimCount: $minClaimCount
+        limit: $limit
+        offset: $offset
+      ) {
+        investigations {
+          id
+          contentHash
+          checkedAt
+          platform
+          externalId
+          url
+          corroborationCount
+          claimCount
+          claimSummaries {
+            id
+            summary
+          }
+          ${INVESTIGATION_ORIGIN_FIELDS}
+        }
+        hasMore
+      }
+    }
+  `,
+  variablesSchema: searchInvestigationsInputSchema,
+  dataSchema: z.object({ searchInvestigations: publicSearchInvestigationsOutputSchema }).strict(),
+} satisfies PublicQuery<z.ZodType, z.ZodType>;
+
+export const publicInvestigationQuery = {
+  document: `
+    query PublicInvestigation($investigationId: ID!) {
+      publicInvestigation(investigationId: $investigationId) {
+        investigation {
+          id
+          corroborationCount
+          checkedAt
+          promptVersion
+          provider
+          model
+          ${INVESTIGATION_ORIGIN_FIELDS}
+        }
+        post {
+          platform
+          externalId
+          url
+        }
+        claims {
+          id
+          text
+          context
+          summary
+          reasoning
+          sources {
+            url
+            title
+            snippet
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  `,
+  variablesSchema: getPublicInvestigationInputSchema,
+  dataSchema: z.object({ publicInvestigation: publicGetInvestigationOutputSchema }).strict(),
+} satisfies PublicQuery<z.ZodType, z.ZodType>;
diff --git a/src/typescript/frontend/src/lib/server/public-api-client.ts b/src/typescript/frontend/src/lib/server/public-api-client.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..848576d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/typescript/frontend/src/lib/server/public-api-client.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+import { z } from "zod";
+import type { PublicQuery } from "../public-queries.js";
+
+/**
+ * The public API was unreachable or answered outside the public contract
+ * (HTTP error, GraphQL errors, or data that fails the shared schemas).
+ */
+export class PublicApiError extends Error {
+  constructor(message: string, options?: ErrorOptions) {
+    super(message, options);
+    this.name = "PublicApiError";
+  }
+}
+
+interface PublicApiTransport {
+  /** Origin (optionally with a path prefix) of the OpenErrata API. */
+  baseUrl: string;
+  fetch: typeof globalThis.fetch;
+}
+
+const graphqlResponseSchema = z.object({
+  data: z.unknown(),
+  errors: z.array(z.object({ message: z.string() })).optional(),
+});
+
+const MAX_LOGGED_ERROR_BODY_CHARS = 500;
+
+function graphqlEndpoint(baseUrl: string): URL {
+  return new URL("graphql", baseUrl.endsWith("/") ? baseUrl : `${baseUrl}/`);
+}
+
+/**
+ * POST `query` to the API's `/graphql` endpoint and return its data parsed with
+ * the query's shared response schema. Throws `PublicApiError` for every failure
+ * of the API; invalid `variables` are a caller bug and throw a ZodError.
+ */
+export async function runPublicQuery<TVariables extends z.ZodType, TData extends z.ZodType>(
+  transport: PublicApiTransport,
+  query: PublicQuery<TVariables, TData>,
+  variables: z.input<TVariables>,
+): Promise<z.output<TData>> {
+  const body = JSON.stringify({
+    query: query.document,
+    variables: query.variablesSchema.parse(variables),
+  });
+
+  let response: Response;
+  try {
+    response = await transport.fetch(graphqlEndpoint(transport.baseUrl), {
+      method: "POST",
+      headers: { "Content-Type": "application/json", Accept: "application/json" },
+      body,
+    });
+  } catch (cause) {
+    throw new PublicApiError("Public API request failed", { cause });
+  }
+
+  if (!response.ok) {
+    const text = await response.text();
+    throw new PublicApiError(
+      `Public API responded ${response.status.toString()} ${response.statusText}: ${text.slice(0, MAX_LOGGED_ERROR_BODY_CHARS)}`,
+    );
+  }
+
+  let payload: unknown;
+  try {
+    payload = await response.json();
+  } catch (cause) {
+    throw new PublicApiError("Public API returned a non-JSON body", { cause });
+  }
+
+  const envelope = graphqlResponseSchema.safeParse(payload);
+  if (!envelope.success) {
+    throw new PublicApiError("Public API returned a malformed GraphQL response", {
+      cause: envelope.error,
+    });
+  }
+  const { errors } = envelope.data;
+  if (errors !== undefined && errors.length > 0) {
+    throw new PublicApiError(`GraphQL errors: ${errors.map((e) => e.message).join("; ")}`);
+  }
+
+  const data = query.dataSchema.safeParse(envelope.data.data);
+  if (!data.success) {
+    throw new PublicApiError(
+      `Public API response violates the public contract:\n${z.prettifyError(data.error)}`,
+    );
+  }
+  return data.data;
+}
diff --git a/src/typescript/frontend/src/lib/server/public-api.ts b/src/typescript/frontend/src/lib/server/public-api.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d7ec05c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/typescript/frontend/src/lib/server/public-api.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+import { env } from "$env/dynamic/private";
+import { error } from "@sveltejs/kit";
+import type { z } from "zod";
+import type { PublicQuery } from "$lib/public-queries";
+import { PublicApiError, runPublicQuery } from "$lib/server/public-api-client";
+
+/**
+ * Origin of the OpenErrata API whose public GraphQL endpoint backs every page.
+ * `hooks.server.ts` calls this at startup so a misconfigured server never boots.
+ */
+export function publicApiBaseUrl(): string {
+  const value = env["API_BASE_URL"];
+  if (value === undefined || value.length === 0) {
+    throw new Error("API_BASE_URL environment variable is required");
+  }
+  const { protocol } = new URL(value);
+  if (protocol !== "http:" && protocol !== "https:") {
+    throw new Error(`API_BASE_URL must be an http(s) URL, got protocol ${protocol}`);
+  }
+  return value;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Run a public query for a page load. An unavailable API or a response outside
+ * the public contract becomes a 502 page; details go to the server log only.
+ */
+export async function loadPublicQuery<TVariables extends z.ZodType, TData extends z.ZodType>(
+  fetch: typeof globalThis.fetch,
+  query: PublicQuery<TVariables, TData>,
+  variables: z.input<TVariables>,
+): Promise<z.output<TData>> {
+  try {
+    return await runPublicQuery({ baseUrl: publicApiBaseUrl(), fetch }, query, variables);
+  } catch (cause) {
+    if (!(cause instanceof PublicApiError)) {
+      throw cause;
+    }
+    console.error(cause);
+    error(502, "The OpenErrata API is unavailable right now. Please try again later.");
+  }
+}
diff --git a/src/typescript/frontend/src/routes/+error.svelte b/src/typescript/frontend/src/routes/+error.svelte
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..69db5ca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/typescript/frontend/src/routes/+error.svelte
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+<script lang="ts">
+  import { page } from "$app/state";
+
+  const heading = $derived(page.status === 404 ? "Not found" : "Something went wrong");
+</script>
+
+<svelte:head>
+  <title>{heading} - OpenErrata</title>
+</svelte:head>
+
+<main class="error-page">
+  <p class="status">{page.status}</p>
+  <h1>{heading}</h1>
+  {#if page.error}
+    <p class="message">{page.error.message}</p>
+  {/if}
+  <a href="/corrections" class="btn">Browse corrections</a>
+</main>
+
+<style>
+  .error-page {
+    max-width: 640px;
+    margin: 0 auto;
+    padding: 6rem 1.5rem;
+    text-align: center;
+  }
+
+  .status {
+    font-size: 0.875rem;
+    font-weight: 600;
+    color: var(--color-text-muted);
+    margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
+  }
+
+  h1 {
+    font-size: 1.75rem;
+    font-weight: 700;
+    margin-bottom: 0.75rem;
+  }
+
+  .message {
+    color: var(--color-text-muted);
+    line-height: 1.6;
+    margin-bottom: 2rem;
+  }
+
+  .btn {
+    display: inline-flex;
+    border-radius: 8px;
+    font-weight: 600;
+    font-size: 0.875rem;
+    padding: 0.625rem 1.25rem;
+    color: var(--color-text);
+    border: 1px solid var(--color-border);
+  }
+
+  .btn:hover {
+    border-color: var(--color-text-muted);
+    text-decoration: none;
+  }
+</style>
diff --git a/src/typescript/frontend/src/routes/+layout.svelte b/src/typescript/frontend/src/routes/+layout.svelte
index 10f5e25..a7bb634 100644
--- a/src/typescript/frontend/src/routes/+layout.svelte
+++ b/src/typescript/frontend/src/routes/+layout.svelte
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 <script>
   import "../app.css";
+  import { CHROME_WEB_STORE_URL } from "$lib/extension-install-url";
   const { children } = $props();
 </script>
 
@@ -21,7 +22,7 @@
         >GitHub</a
       >
       <a
-        href="https://chromewebstore.google.com/detail/openerrata/TODO"
+        href={CHROME_WEB_STORE_URL}
         target="_blank"
         rel="noopener noreferrer"
         class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Install Extension</a
diff --git a/src/typescript/frontend/src/routes/+page.svelte b/src/typescript/frontend/src/routes/+page.svelte
index 23c9127..e193250 100644
--- a/src/typescript/frontend/src/routes/+page.svelte
+++ b/src/typescript/frontend/src/routes/+page.svelte
@@ -1,3 +1,7 @@
+<script>
+  import { CHROME_WEB_STORE_URL } from "$lib/extension-install-url";
+</script>
+
 <svelte:head>
   <title>OpenErrata - AI-Powered Fact-Checking for the Web</title>
 </svelte:head>
@@ -13,7 +17,7 @@
       </p>
       <div class="hero-actions">
         <a
-          href="https://chromewebstore.google.com/detail/openerrata/TODO"
+          href={CHROME_WEB_STORE_URL}
           target="_blank"
           rel="noopener noreferrer"
           class="btn btn-primary">Install for Chrome</a
@@ -115,7 +119,7 @@
             <h3>Corrections appear inline</h3>
             <p>
               Verified corrections are highlighted directly in the page. Hover to see what's wrong
-              and why, with links to the full investigation.
+              and why; click for the full reasoning and sources.
             </p>
           </div>
         </div>
diff --git a/src/typescript/frontend/src/routes/corrections/+page.server.ts b/src/typescript/frontend/src/routes/corrections/+page.server.ts
index a61a4e0..bf81fec 100644
--- a/src/typescript/frontend/src/routes/corrections/+page.server.ts
+++ b/src/typescript/frontend/src/routes/corrections/+page.server.ts
@@ -1,107 +1,52 @@
+import { error } from "@sveltejs/kit";
+import { platformSchema, type Platform } from "@openerrata/shared";
 import type { PageServerLoad } from "./$types";
-import { graphqlQuery } from "$lib/api";
+import { searchInvestigationsQuery } from "$lib/public-queries";
+import { loadPublicQuery } from "$lib/server/public-api";
 
-const SEARCH_INVESTIGATIONS_QUERY = `
-  query SearchInvestigations($query: String, $platform: Platform, $minClaimCount: Int, $limit: Int, $offset: Int) {
-    searchInvestigations(query: $query, platform: $platform, minClaimCount: $minClaimCount, limit: $limit, offset: $offset) {
-      investigations {
-        id
-        contentHash
-        checkedAt
-        platform
-        externalId
-        url
-        claimCount
-        claimSummaries {
-          id
-          summary
-        }
-      }
-      hasMore
-    }
-  }
-`;
-
-export interface ClaimSummary {
-  id: string;
-  summary: string;
-}
-
-export interface InvestigationSummary {
-  id: string;
-  contentHash: string;
-  checkedAt: string;
-  platform: "LESSWRONG" | "X" | "SUBSTACK" | "WIKIPEDIA";
-  externalId: string;
-  url: string;
-  claimCount: number;
-  claimSummaries: ClaimSummary[];
-}
+const PAGE_SIZE = 20;
 
-interface SearchInvestigationsData {
-  searchInvestigations: {
-    investigations: InvestigationSummary[];
-    hasMore: boolean;
-  };
+/** An absent or empty `platform` (the "All platforms" option) means no filter. */
+function parsePlatformFilter(value: string | null): Platform | undefined {
+  if (value === null || value === "") {
+    return undefined;
+  }
+  const parsed = platformSchema.safeParse(value);
+  if (!parsed.success) {
+    error(400, "Unknown platform filter.");
+  }
+  return parsed.data;
 }
 
-type Platform = "LESSWRONG" | "X" | "SUBSTACK" | "WIKIPEDIA";
-
-const PLATFORM_MAP: Record<string, Platform> = {
-  LESSWRONG: "LESSWRONG",
-  X: "X",
-  SUBSTACK: "SUBSTACK",
-  WIKIPEDIA: "WIKIPEDIA",
-};
-
-function parsePlatform(value: string | null): Platform | undefined {
+function parsePageNumber(value: string | null): number {
   if (value === null) {
-    return undefined;
+    return 1;
   }
-  return PLATFORM_MAP[value.toUpperCase()];
+  const page = Number(value);
+  if (!Number.isSafeInteger(page) || page < 1) {
+    error(400, "Page must be a positive integer.");
+  }
+  return page;
 }
 
-const PAGE_SIZE = 20;
-
-export const load: PageServerLoad = async ({ url }) => {
-  const query = url.searchParams.get("q") ?? undefined;
-  const platform = parsePlatform(url.searchParams.get("platform"));
-  const pageParam = url.searchParams.get("page");
-  const parsedPage = pageParam !== null ? parseInt(pageParam, 10) : NaN;
-  const page = Number.isNaN(parsedPage) ? 1 : Math.max(1, parsedPage);
-  const offset = (page - 1) * PAGE_SIZE;
-
-  const emptyQuery = query === undefined || query.trim().length === 0;
-  const searchQuery = emptyQuery ? undefined : query.trim();
-
-  let investigations: InvestigationSummary[] = [];
-  let hasMore = false;
-  let error: string | undefined;
+export const load: PageServerLoad = async ({ url, fetch }) => {
+  const trimmedQuery = url.searchParams.get("q")?.trim() ?? "";
+  const query = trimmedQuery.length > 0 ? trimmedQuery : undefined;
+  const platform = parsePlatformFilter(url.searchParams.get("platform"));
+  const page = parsePageNumber(url.searchParams.get("page"));
 
-  try {
-    const variables: Record<string, unknown> = { minClaimCount: 1, limit: PAGE_SIZE, offset };
-    if (searchQuery !== undefined) {
-      variables["query"] = searchQuery;
-    }
-    if (platform !== undefined) {
-      variables["platform"] = platform;
-    }
-    const data = await graphqlQuery<SearchInvestigationsData>(
-      SEARCH_INVESTIGATIONS_QUERY,
-      variables,
-    );
-    investigations = data.searchInvestigations.investigations;
-    hasMore = data.searchInvestigations.hasMore;
-  } catch (e: unknown) {
-    error = e instanceof Error ? e.message : "Failed to load corrections";
-    console.error("Failed to fetch corrections:", e);
-  }
+  const { searchInvestigations } = await loadPublicQuery(fetch, searchInvestigationsQuery, {
+    query,
+    platform,
+    minClaimCount: 1,
+    limit: PAGE_SIZE,
+    offset: (page - 1) * PAGE_SIZE,
+  });
 
   return {
-    investigations,
-    hasMore,
-    error,
-    query: searchQuery,
+    investigations: searchInvestigations.investigations,
+    hasMore: searchInvestigations.hasMore,
+    query,
     platform,
     page,
   };
diff --git a/src/typescript/frontend/src/routes/corrections/+page.svelte b/src/typescript/frontend/src/routes/corrections/+page.svelte
index c8cda95..3a5ebf5 100644
--- a/src/typescript/frontend/src/routes/corrections/+page.svelte
+++ b/src/typescript/frontend/src/routes/corrections/+page.svelte
@@ -1,22 +1,12 @@
 <script lang="ts">
   import type { PageData } from "./$types";
-  import type { InvestigationSummary } from "./+page.server";
+  import { PLATFORM_LABELS } from "$lib/platform-labels";
 
   const { data }: { data: PageData } = $props();
 
-  const platformLabels: Record<InvestigationSummary["platform"], string> = {
-    LESSWRONG: "LessWrong",
-    X: "X",
-    SUBSTACK: "Substack",
-    WIKIPEDIA: "Wikipedia",
-  };
-
-  const platforms = [
+  const platformOptions = [
     { value: "", label: "All platforms" },
-    { value: "LESSWRONG", label: "LessWrong" },
-    { value: "X", label: "X" },
-    { value: "SUBSTACK", label: "Substack" },
-    { value: "WIKIPEDIA", label: "Wikipedia" },
+    ...Object.entries(PLATFORM_LABELS).map(([value, label]) => ({ value, label })),
   ];
 
   function formatDate(iso: string): string {
@@ -41,6 +31,10 @@
     }
     return withoutProtocol.substring(0, maxLength) + "...";
   }
+
+  function correctionCountLabel(count: number): string {
+    return count === 1 ? "Correction" : `${count} corrections`;
+  }
 </script>
 
 <svelte:head>
@@ -55,10 +49,6 @@
   <main class="content">
     <div class="content-inner">
       <h1>Latest Corrections</h1>
-      <p class="subtitle">
-        Browse completed fact-check investigations. Each correction identifies empirically incorrect
-        or unambiguously misleading claims in online posts.
-      </p>
 
       <form class="search-bar" method="get" action="/corrections">
         <div class="search-inputs">
@@ -70,12 +60,8 @@
             class="search-input"
           />
           <select name="platform" class="platform-select">
-            {#each platforms as p (p.value)}
-              <option
-                value={p.value}
-                selected={data.platform === p.value ||
-                  (data.platform === undefined && p.value === "")}
-              >
+            {#each platformOptions as p (p.value)}
+              <option value={p.value} selected={(data.platform ?? "") === p.value}>
                 {p.label}
               </option>
             {/each}
@@ -84,12 +70,7 @@
         </div>
       </form>
 
-      {#if data.error}
-        <div class="error-state">
-          <p>Failed to load corrections. The API may be unavailable.</p>
-          <p class="error-detail">{data.error}</p>
-        </div>
-      {:else if data.investigations.length === 0}
+      {#if data.investigations.length === 0}
         <div class="empty-state">
           <p>No corrections found{data.query ? ` matching "${data.query}"` : ""}.</p>
         </div>
@@ -99,7 +80,7 @@
             <a href="/corrections/{investigation.id}" class="investigation-card">
               <div class="card-header">
                 <span class="platform-badge platform-{investigation.platform.toLowerCase()}">
-                  {platformLabels[investigation.platform]}
+                  {PLATFORM_LABELS[investigation.platform]}
                 </span>
                 <span class="date">
                   {formatDate(investigation.checkedAt)} at {formatTime(investigation.checkedAt)}
@@ -115,7 +96,7 @@
               {/if}
               <div class="card-footer">
                 <span class="claim-count" class:has-claims={investigation.claimCount > 0}>
-                  {investigation.claimCount} correction{investigation.claimCount !== 1 ? "s" : ""}
+                  {correctionCountLabel(investigation.claimCount)}
                 </span>
                 <span class="view-arrow">&rarr;</span>
               </div>
@@ -196,13 +177,6 @@
     margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
   }
 
-  .subtitle {
-    color: var(--color-text-muted);
-    font-size: 1rem;
-    line-height: 1.5;
-    margin-bottom: 2rem;
-  }
-
   /* Search */
   .search-bar {
     margin-bottom: 2rem;
@@ -398,23 +372,6 @@
     font-weight: 600;
   }
 
-  /* Error state */
-  .error-state {
-    text-align: center;
-    padding: 3rem 1rem;
-    color: var(--color-text-muted);
-    background: var(--color-surface);
-    border: 1px solid var(--color-border);
-    border-radius: 12px;
-  }
-
-  .error-detail {
-    font-size: 0.8125rem;
-    color: var(--color-error);
-    margin-top: 0.5rem;
-    font-family: monospace;
-  }
-
   /* Empty state */
   .empty-state {
     text-align: center;
diff --git a/src/typescript/frontend/src/routes/corrections/[id]/+page.server.ts b/src/typescript/frontend/src/routes/corrections/[id]/+page.server.ts
index da8c0d1..89c67e3 100644
--- a/src/typescript/frontend/src/routes/corrections/[id]/+page.server.ts
+++ b/src/typescript/frontend/src/routes/corrections/[id]/+page.server.ts
@@ -1,97 +1,14 @@
+import { error } from "@sveltejs/kit";
 import type { PageServerLoad } from "./$types";
-import { graphqlQuery } from "$lib/api";
-
-const PUBLIC_INVESTIGATION_QUERY = `
-  query PublicInvestigation($investigationId: ID!) {
-    publicInvestigation(investigationId: $investigationId) {
-      investigation {
-        id
-        checkedAt
-        promptVersion
-        provider
-        model
-        origin {
-          provenance
-        }
-      }
-      post {
-        platform
-        externalId
-        url
-      }
-      claims {
-        id
-        text
-        context
-        summary
-        reasoning
-        sources {
-          url
-          title
-          snippet
-        }
-      }
-    }
-  }
-`;
-
-interface InvestigationSource {
-  url: string;
-  title: string;
-  snippet: string;
-}
-
-interface InvestigationClaim {
-  id: string;
-  text: string;
-  context: string;
-  summary: string;
-  reasoning: string;
-  sources: InvestigationSource[];
-}
-
-interface InvestigationOrigin {
-  provenance: "SERVER_VERIFIED" | "CLIENT_FALLBACK";
-}
-
-interface InvestigationDetail {
-  id: string;
-  checkedAt: string;
-  promptVersion: string;
-  provider: string;
-  model: string;
-  origin: InvestigationOrigin;
-}
-
-interface InvestigationPost {
-  platform: "LESSWRONG" | "X" | "SUBSTACK" | "WIKIPEDIA";
-  externalId: string;
-  url: string;
-}
-
-export interface PublicInvestigationResult {
-  investigation: InvestigationDetail;
-  post: InvestigationPost;
-  claims: InvestigationClaim[];
-}
-
-interface PublicInvestigationData {
-  publicInvestigation: PublicInvestigationResult | null;
-}
-
-export const load: PageServerLoad = async ({ params }) => {
-  let result: PublicInvestigationResult | null = null;
-  let error: string | undefined;
-
-  try {
-    const data = await graphqlQuery<PublicInvestigationData>(PUBLIC_INVESTIGATION_QUERY, {
-      investigationId: params.id,
-    });
-    result = data.publicInvestigation;
-  } catch (e: unknown) {
-    error = e instanceof Error ? e.message : "Failed to load investigation";
-    console.error("Failed to fetch investigation:", e);
+import { publicInvestigationQuery } from "$lib/public-queries";
+import { loadPublicQuery } from "$lib/server/public-api";
+
+export const load: PageServerLoad = async ({ params, fetch }) => {
+  const { publicInvestigation } = await loadPublicQuery(fetch, publicInvestigationQuery, {
+    investigationId: params.id,
+  });
+  if (publicInvestigation === null) {
+    error(404, "This investigation doesn't exist or hasn't completed yet.");
   }
-
-  return { result, error };
+  return { result: publicInvestigation };
 };
diff --git a/src/typescript/frontend/src/routes/corrections/[id]/+page.svelte b/src/typescript/frontend/src/routes/corrections/[id]/+page.svelte
index 9131867..f5f4812 100644
--- a/src/typescript/frontend/src/routes/corrections/[id]/+page.svelte
+++ b/src/typescript/frontend/src/routes/corrections/[id]/+page.svelte
@@ -1,17 +1,11 @@
 <script lang="ts">
   import type { PageData } from "./$types";
-  import type { PublicInvestigationResult } from "./+page.server";
+  import { renderClaimReasoningHtml } from "$lib/claim-markdown";
+  import { PLATFORM_LABELS } from "$lib/platform-labels";
 
   const { data }: { data: PageData } = $props();
 
-  const result: PublicInvestigationResult | null = $derived(data.result);
-
-  const platformLabels: Record<string, string> = {
-    LESSWRONG: "LessWrong",
-    X: "X",
-    SUBSTACK: "Substack",
-    WIKIPEDIA: "Wikipedia",
-  };
+  const result = $derived(data.result);
 
   function formatDate(iso: string): string {
     return new Date(iso).toLocaleDateString("en-US", {
@@ -35,20 +29,23 @@
     }
     return withoutProtocol.substring(0, maxLength) + "...";
   }
+
+  function correctionsMetaDescription(count: number, platformLabel: string): string {
+    return count === 1
+      ? `OpenErrata found a correction for this ${platformLabel} post.`
+      : `OpenErrata found ${count} corrections for this ${platformLabel} post.`;
+  }
 </script>
 
 <svelte:head>
-  {#if result}
-    <title>Corrections for {truncateUrl(result.post.url, 40)} - OpenErrata</title>
-    <meta
-      name="description"
-      content="OpenErrata found {result.claims.length} correction{result.claims.length !== 1
-        ? 's'
-        : ''} for this {platformLabels[result.post.platform]} post."
-    />
-  {:else}
-    <title>Investigation Not Found - OpenErrata</title>
-  {/if}
+  <title>Corrections for {truncateUrl(result.post.url, 40)} - OpenErrata</title>
+  <meta
+    name="description"
+    content={correctionsMetaDescription(
+      result.claims.length,
+      PLATFORM_LABELS[result.post.platform],
+    )}
+  />
 </svelte:head>
 
 <div class="page">
@@ -56,106 +53,86 @@
     <div class="content-inner">
       <a href="/corrections" class="back-link">All corrections</a>
 
-      {#if data.error}
-        <div class="error-state">
-          <p>Failed to load investigation. The API may be unavailable.</p>
-          <p class="error-detail">{data.error}</p>
-        </div>
-      {:else if !result}
-        <div class="empty-state">
-          <h1>Investigation not found</h1>
-          <p>This investigation doesn't exist or hasn't completed yet.</p>
-          <a href="/corrections" class="btn btn-secondary">Browse corrections</a>
-        </div>
-      {:else}
-        <div class="investigation-header">
-          <div class="header-meta">
-            <span class="platform-badge platform-{result.post.platform.toLowerCase()}">
-              {platformLabels[result.post.platform]}
-            </span>
-            <span class="date">
-              {formatDate(result.investigation.checkedAt)} at {formatTime(
-                result.investigation.checkedAt,
-              )}
-            </span>
-          </div>
-          <h1 class="post-url">
-            <a href={result.post.url} target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">
-              {truncateUrl(result.post.url)}
-              <svg
-                class="external-icon"
-                viewBox="0 0 16 16"
-                fill="none"
-                stroke="currentColor"
-                stroke-width="1.5"
-              >
-                <path d="M6 3h7v7M13 3L6 10" />
-              </svg>
-            </a>
-          </h1>
-          <p class="correction-summary">
-            {#if result.claims.length === 0}
-              No corrections found. This post passed fact-checking with no issues.
-            {:else}
-              {result.claims.length} correction{result.claims.length !== 1 ? "s" : ""} found
-            {/if}
-          </p>
+      <div class="investigation-header">
+        <div class="header-meta">
+          <span class="platform-badge platform-{result.post.platform.toLowerCase()}">
+            {PLATFORM_LABELS[result.post.platform]}
+          </span>
+          <span class="date">
+            {formatDate(result.investigation.checkedAt)} at {formatTime(
+              result.investigation.checkedAt,
+            )}
+          </span>
         </div>
+        <h1 class="post-url">
+          <a href={result.post.url} target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">
+            {truncateUrl(result.post.url)}
+            <svg
+              class="external-icon"
+              viewBox="0 0 16 16"
+              fill="none"
+              stroke="currentColor"
+              stroke-width="1.5"
+            >
+              <path d="M6 3h7v7M13 3L6 10" />
+            </svg>
+          </a>
+        </h1>
+      </div>
 
-        {#if result.claims.length > 0}
-          <div class="claims">
-            {#each result.claims as claim, i (claim.id)}
-              <div class="claim-card">
-                <div class="claim-number">{i + 1}</div>
-                <div class="claim-content">
-                  <div class="claim-quote">
-                    <span class="quote-label">Claim</span>
-                    <blockquote>{claim.text}</blockquote>
-                  </div>
-
-                  <div class="claim-correction">
-                    <span class="correction-label">Correction</span>
-                    <p>{claim.summary}</p>
-                  </div>
+      {#if result.claims.length > 0}
+        <div class="claims">
+          {#each result.claims as claim, i (claim.id)}
+            <div class="claim-card">
+              <div class="claim-number">{i + 1}</div>
+              <div class="claim-content">
+                <div class="claim-quote">
+                  <span class="quote-label">Claim</span>
+                  <blockquote>{claim.text}</blockquote>
+                </div>
 
+                <div class="claim-correction">
+                  <span class="correction-label">Correction</span>
+                  <p>{claim.summary}</p>
+                </div>
+
+                <details class="claim-details">
+                  <summary>Full reasoning</summary>
+                  <!-- eslint-disable-next-line svelte/no-at-html-tags -->
+                  <div class="reasoning">{@html renderClaimReasoningHtml(claim.reasoning)}</div>
+                </details>
+
+                {#if claim.sources.length > 0}
                   <details class="claim-details">
-                    <summary>Full reasoning</summary>
-                    <div class="reasoning">{claim.reasoning}</div>
+                    <summary
+                      >{claim.sources.length} source{claim.sources.length !== 1 ? "s" : ""}</summary
+                    >
+                    <ul class="sources-list">
+                      <!-- Keyed by position: nothing guarantees a claim's source URLs are distinct. -->
+                      {#each claim.sources as source, sourceIndex (sourceIndex)}
+                        <li class="source-item">
+                          <a
+                            href={source.url}
+                            target="_blank"
+                            rel="noopener noreferrer"
+                            class="source-title">{source.title}</a
+                          >
+                          <p class="source-snippet">{source.snippet}</p>
+                        </li>
+                      {/each}
+                    </ul>
                   </details>
-
-                  {#if claim.sources.length > 0}
-                    <details class="claim-details">
-                      <summary
-                        >{claim.sources.length} source{claim.sources.length !== 1
-                          ? "s"
-                          : ""}</summary
-                      >
-                      <ul class="sources-list">
-                        {#each claim.sources as source (source.url)}
-                          <li class="source-item">
-                            <a
-                              href={source.url}
-                              target="_blank"
-                              rel="noopener noreferrer"
-                              class="source-title">{source.title}</a
-                            >
-                            <p class="source-snippet">{source.snippet}</p>
-                          </li>
-                        {/each}
-                      </ul>
-                    </details>
-                  {/if}
-                </div>
+                {/if}
               </div>
-            {/each}
-          </div>
-        {/if}
-
-        <div class="investigation-meta">
-          <span>Model: {result.investigation.model}</span>
-          <span>Prompt: {result.investigation.promptVersion}</span>
+            </div>
+          {/each}
         </div>
       {/if}
+
+      <div class="investigation-meta">
+        <span>Model: {result.investigation.model}</span>
+        <span>Prompt: {result.investigation.promptVersion}</span>
+      </div>
     </div>
   </main>
 
@@ -263,11 +240,6 @@
     flex-shrink: 0;
   }
 
-  .correction-summary {
-    font-size: 1rem;
-    color: var(--color-text-muted);
-  }
-
   /* Claims */
   .claims {
     display: flex;
@@ -364,7 +336,78 @@
     margin-top: 0.5rem;
     padding-left: 0.75rem;
     border-left: 2px solid var(--color-border);
-    white-space: pre-wrap;
+  }
+
+  .reasoning :global(p) {
+    margin: 0 0 0.875rem;
+  }
+
+  .reasoning :global(p:last-child) {
+    margin-bottom: 0;
+  }
+
+  .reasoning :global(h1),
+  .reasoning :global(h2),
+  .reasoning :global(h3),
+  .reasoning :global(h4) {
+    color: var(--color-text);
+    font-weight: 600;
+    line-height: 1.4;
+    margin: 1rem 0 0.5rem;
+  }
+
+  .reasoning :global(h1) {
+    font-size: 1.1rem;
+  }
+
+  .reasoning :global(h2) {
+    font-size: 1rem;
+  }
+
+  .reasoning :global(h3),
+  .reasoning :global(h4) {
+    font-size: 0.9375rem;
+  }
+
+  .reasoning :global(ul),
+  .reasoning :global(ol) {
+    margin: 0.5rem 0 0.875rem 1.25rem;
+    padding: 0;
+  }
+
+  .reasoning :global(li) {
+    margin-bottom: 0.375rem;
+  }
+
+  .reasoning :global(a) {
+    color: var(--color-accent);
+  }
+
+  .reasoning :global(a:hover) {
+    text-decoration: underline;
+  }
+
+  .reasoning :global(code) {
+    font-family: ui-monospace, SFMono-Regular, Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, monospace;
+    font-size: 0.8125rem;
+    padding: 0.125rem 0.25rem;
+    border-radius: 4px;
+    background: var(--color-bg);
+    color: var(--color-text);
+  }
+
+  .reasoning :global(pre) {
+    overflow-x: auto;
+    padding: 0.75rem;
+    border-radius: 8px;
+    background: var(--color-bg);
+    border: 1px solid var(--color-border);
+    margin: 0.75rem 0;
+  }
+
+  .reasoning :global(pre code) {
+    background: transparent;
+    padding: 0;
   }
 
   /* Sources */
@@ -410,69 +453,6 @@
     color: var(--color-text-muted);
   }
 
-  /* Error / empty */
-  .error-state {
-    text-align: center;
-    padding: 3rem 1rem;
-    color: var(--color-text-muted);
-    background: var(--color-surface);
-    border: 1px solid var(--color-border);
-    border-radius: 12px;
-  }
-
-  .error-detail {
-    font-size: 0.8125rem;
-    color: var(--color-error);
-    margin-top: 0.5rem;
-    font-family: monospace;
-  }
-
-  .empty-state {
-    text-align: center;
-    padding: 4rem 1rem;
-  }
-
-  .empty-state h1 {
-    font-size: 1.5rem;
-    font-weight: 700;
-    margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
-  }
-
-  .empty-state p {
-    color: var(--color-text-muted);
-    margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
-  }
-
-  .btn {
-    display: inline-flex;
-    align-items: center;
-    justify-content: center;
-    border-radius: 8px;
-    font-weight: 600;
-    font-size: 0.875rem;
-    padding: 0.625rem 1.25rem;
-    text-decoration: none;
-    border: none;
-    cursor: pointer;
-    transition:
-      background 0.15s,
-      border-color 0.15s;
-  }
-
-  .btn:hover {
-    text-decoration: none;
-  }
-
-  .btn-secondary {
-    background: transparent;
-    color: var(--color-text);
-    border: 1px solid var(--color-border);
-  }
-
-  .btn-secondary:hover {
-    border-color: var(--color-text-muted);
-  }
-
   /* Footer */
   .footer {
     margin-top: auto;
diff --git a/src/typescript/frontend/svelte.config.js b/src/typescript/frontend/svelte.config.js
index 6c1a7ae..ea9fe1e 100644
--- a/src/typescript/frontend/svelte.config.js
+++ b/src/typescript/frontend/svelte.config.js
@@ -6,6 +6,27 @@ const config = {
     adapter: adapter({
       out: "build",
     }),
+    // SvelteKit adds nonces/hashes for its own inline scripts. External origins:
+    // Google Fonts serves the Inter stylesheet (fonts.googleapis.com) and font
+    // files (fonts.gstatic.com). Nothing else is loaded from third parties.
+    // Style attributes stay allowed: SvelteKit's navigation announcer and
+    // markdown-it's table alignment use them, and they cannot run script.
+    csp: {
+      mode: "auto",
+      directives: {
+        "default-src": ["self"],
+        "script-src": ["self"],
+        "style-src": ["self", "https://fonts.googleapis.com"],
+        "style-src-attr": ["unsafe-inline"],
+        "font-src": ["https://fonts.gstatic.com"],
+        "img-src": ["self"],
+        "connect-src": ["self"],
+        "object-src": ["none"],
+        "base-uri": ["self"],
+        "form-action": ["self"],
+        "frame-ancestors": ["none"],
+      },
+    },
   },
 };
 
diff --git a/src/typescript/frontend/test/e2e/mock-public-api.ts b/src/typescript/frontend/test/e2e/mock-public-api.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e284733
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/typescript/frontend/test/e2e/mock-public-api.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+/**
+ * Stand-in for the API's public GraphQL endpoint during frontend e2e tests.
+ * It answers the site's two queries with canned fixtures; that the queries
+ * match the real schema is checked separately by the API's
+ * frontend-graphql-contract test.
+ */
+import { createServer } from "node:http";
+import {
+  API_FAILURE_SEARCH_QUERY,
+  GOOD_INVESTIGATION_ID,
+  JAVASCRIPT_POST_URL_INVESTIGATION_ID,
+  goodPublicInvestigation,
+  javascriptPostUrlInvestigation,
+  searchInvestigationsResult,
+} from "./public-api-fixtures.js";
+
+const port = Number(process.env["MOCK_PUBLIC_API_PORT"]);
+if (!Number.isInteger(port)) {
+  throw new Error("MOCK_PUBLIC_API_PORT must be set");
+}
+
+interface GraphqlRequest {
+  query: string;
+  variables: Record<string, unknown>;
+}
+
+type MockResponse = { status: 200; data: Record<string, unknown> } | { status: 500 };
+
+function publicInvestigationFor(investigationId: unknown): unknown {
+  switch (investigationId) {
+    case GOOD_INVESTIGATION_ID:
+      return goodPublicInvestigation;
+    case JAVASCRIPT_POST_URL_INVESTIGATION_ID:
+      return javascriptPostUrlInvestigation;
+    default:
+      return null;
+  }
+}
+
+function respond(request: GraphqlRequest): MockResponse {
+  if (request.query.includes("searchInvestigations(")) {
+    if (request.variables["query"] === API_FAILURE_SEARCH_QUERY) {
+      return { status: 500 };
+    }
+    return { status: 200, data: { searchInvestigations: searchInvestigationsResult } };
+  }
+  if (request.query.includes("publicInvestigation(")) {
+    return {
+      status: 200,
+      data: { publicInvestigation: publicInvestigationFor(request.variables["investigationId"]) },
+    };
+  }
+  throw new Error(`Mock public API received an unknown query:\n${request.query}`);
+}
+
+createServer((req, res) => {
+  const chunks: Buffer[] = [];
+  req.on("data", (chunk: Buffer) => chunks.push(chunk));
+  req.on("end", () => {
+    if (req.method === "GET" && req.url === "/health") {
+      res.writeHead(200).end("ok");
+      return;
+    }
+    if (req.method !== "POST" || req.url !== "/graphql") {
+      res.writeHead(404).end();
+      return;
+    }
+    const response = respond(JSON.parse(Buffer.concat(chunks).toString("utf8")) as GraphqlRequest);
+    if (response.status === 500) {
+      res.writeHead(500, { "Content-Type": "text/plain" }).end("mock upstream failure");
+      return;
+    }
+    res
+      .writeHead(200, { "Content-Type": "application/json" })
+      .end(JSON.stringify({ data: response.data }));
+  });
+}).listen(port, "127.0.0.1");
diff --git a/src/typescript/frontend/test/e2e/post-deploy-smoke.spec.ts b/src/typescript/frontend/test/e2e/post-deploy-smoke.spec.ts
index db57662..2ba2184 100644
--- a/src/typescript/frontend/test/e2e/post-deploy-smoke.spec.ts
+++ b/src/typescript/frontend/test/e2e/post-deploy-smoke.spec.ts
@@ -32,42 +32,19 @@ test.describe("Post-deploy smoke", () => {
     expect(await response.text()).toBe("ok");
   });
 
-  test("corrections page loads and shows results or error state", async ({ page }) => {
-    await page.goto(`${FRONTEND_BASE_URL!}/corrections`);
+  test("corrections page loads data from the API", async ({ page }) => {
+    // An API outage renders a 502 error page, which must fail the deploy check.
+    const response = await page.goto(`${FRONTEND_BASE_URL!}/corrections`);
+    expect(response?.status()).toBe(200);
     await expect(page).toHaveTitle(/Corrections/);
 
-    // The page should show either results or an error — but it should render
-    const content = page.locator(".results, .error-state, .empty-state");
-    await expect(content).toBeVisible();
-  });
-
-  test("corrections page loads real data from the API", async ({ page }) => {
-    await page.goto(`${FRONTEND_BASE_URL!}/corrections`);
-
-    // If the API is healthy and has data, we should see investigation cards.
-    // Allow for the possibility that the API has no corrections yet.
     const results = page.locator(".results");
-    const errorState = page.locator(".error-state");
-
-    const hasResults = await results.isVisible().catch(() => false);
-    const hasError = await errorState.isVisible().catch(() => false);
-
-    if (hasError) {
-      // If there's an error, it should be displayed clearly
-      await expect(errorState).toContainText("Failed to load corrections");
-      test.info().annotations.push({
-        type: "warning",
-        description: "API returned an error — corrections page showed error state",
-      });
-    } else if (hasResults) {
-      // If results loaded, verify the cards have expected structure
+    if (await results.isVisible()) {
       const firstCard = page.locator(".investigation-card").first();
-      await expect(firstCard).toBeVisible();
       await expect(firstCard.locator(".platform-badge")).toBeVisible();
       await expect(firstCard.locator(".card-url")).toBeVisible();
       await expect(firstCard.locator(".claim-count")).toBeVisible();
     } else {
-      // Empty state is also valid
       await expect(page.locator(".empty-state")).toBeVisible();
     }
   });
diff --git a/src/typescript/frontend/test/e2e/public-api-fixtures.ts b/src/typescript/frontend/test/e2e/public-api-fixtures.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3cb3e73
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/typescript/frontend/test/e2e/public-api-fixtures.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+/**
+ * Canned public-API responses (GraphQL `data` payloads) shared by the unit
+ * tests and the e2e mock API. They follow the shared public output schemas;
+ * the "hostile" variants carry values the site must never render as-is.
+ */
+
+export const GOOD_INVESTIGATION_ID = "inv-good";
+export const JAVASCRIPT_POST_URL_INVESTIGATION_ID = "inv-javascript-post-url";
+
+/** Search query the mock API answers with an HTTP 500. */
+export const API_FAILURE_SEARCH_QUERY = "__api_failure__";
+
+export const HOSTILE_REASONING =
+  "### Evidence\n\n" +
+  "See [the report](https://example.org/report) and [click me](javascript:alert(document.domain)).\n\n" +
+  "![tracker](https://tracker.example/pixel.png)";
+
+const checkedAt = "2026-09-30T12:00:00.000Z";
+
+export const goodPublicInvestigation = {
+  investigation: {
+    id: GOOD_INVESTIGATION_ID,
+    corroborationCount: 2,
+    checkedAt,
+    promptVersion: "v1.0.0",
+    provider: "OPENAI",
+    model: "gpt-6.1-sol",
+    origin: { provenance: "SERVER_VERIFIED", serverVerifiedAt: checkedAt },
+  },
+  post: {
+    platform: "LESSWRONG",
+    externalId: "abc123",
+    url: "https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/abc123/example-post",
+  },
+  claims: [
+    {
+      id: "claim-1",
+      text: "The Eiffel Tower was completed in 1899.",
+      context: "Paris landmarks: The Eiffel Tower was completed in 1899. It remains popular.",
+      summary: "The Eiffel Tower was completed in 1889, not 1899.",
+      reasoning: HOSTILE_REASONING,
+      sources: [
+        {
+          url: "https://example.org/report",
+          title: "Eiffel Tower history",
+          snippet: "Construction finished in March 1889.",
+        },
+        {
+          url: "https://example.org/report",
+          title: "Same source cited twice",
+          snippet: "Opened for the 1889 World's Fair.",
+        },
+      ],
+    },
+  ],
+};
+
+export const javascriptPostUrlInvestigation = {
+  ...goodPublicInvestigation,
+  investigation: {
+    ...goodPublicInvestigation.investigation,
+    id: JAVASCRIPT_POST_URL_INVESTIGATION_ID,
+  },
+  post: {
+    ...goodPublicInvestigation.post,
+    // eslint-disable-next-line no-script-url -- hostile value the site must refuse to link
+    url: "javascript:alert(document.domain)",
+  },
+};
+
+export const searchInvestigationsResult = {
+  investigations: [
+    {
+      id: GOOD_INVESTIGATION_ID,
+      contentHash: "a".repeat(64),
+      checkedAt,
+      platform: "LESSWRONG",
+      externalId: "abc123",
+      url: "https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/abc123/example-post",
+      corroborationCount: 2,
+      claimCount: 1,
+      claimSummaries: [
+        { id: "claim-1", summary: "The Eiffel Tower was completed in 1889, not 1899." },
+      ],
+      origin: { provenance: "CLIENT_FALLBACK", serverVerifiedAt: null },
+    },
+  ],
+  hasMore: false,
+};
diff --git a/src/typescript/frontend/test/e2e/smoke.spec.ts b/src/typescript/frontend/test/e2e/smoke.spec.ts
index a074267..a7e34f3 100644
--- a/src/typescript/frontend/test/e2e/smoke.spec.ts
+++ b/src/typescript/frontend/test/e2e/smoke.spec.ts
@@ -1,36 +1,44 @@
 /**
- * Frontend smoke tests.
+ * Frontend smoke tests against the production build.
  *
- * These verify that the built SvelteKit app starts, renders pages, and
- * navigates correctly. The webServer config in playwright.config.ts starts
- * the production build with a dummy API_BASE_URL pointing to a port that
- * nothing listens on — so the corrections page shows the error state rather
- * than real data. This is intentional: these tests verify the frontend
- * application itself, not the API.
+ * playwright.config.ts starts the built SvelteKit server with API_BASE_URL
+ * pointing at test/e2e/mock-public-api.ts, which serves canned public-API
+ * fixtures (including hostile values) so these tests exercise real page
+ * loads, error pages and output sanitization without the API.
  *
- * For post-deploy validation against the real API, see the separate
- * `post-deploy-smoke` CI job which hits the live URL.
+ * For post-deploy validation against the real API, see post-deploy-smoke.spec.ts.
  */
 
-import { test, expect } from "@playwright/test";
+import { test, expect, type Page } from "@playwright/test";
+import {
+  API_FAILURE_SEARCH_QUERY,
+  GOOD_INVESTIGATION_ID,
+  JAVASCRIPT_POST_URL_INVESTIGATION_ID,
+} from "./public-api-fixtures.js";
+
+const EXPECTED_EXTENSION_URL =
+  "https://chromewebstore.google.com/detail/openerrata/iflopmpcoifkihfimncdjkokibdfkkbd";
+
+function collectCspViolations(page: Page): string[] {
+  const violations: string[] = [];
+  page.on("console", (message) => {
+    if (message.text().includes("Content Security Policy")) {
+      violations.push(message.text());
+    }
+  });
+  return violations;
+}
 
 test.describe("Landing page", () => {
   test("renders hero and key sections", async ({ page }) => {
     await page.goto("/");
 
-    // Hero heading
     await expect(page.locator("h1")).toContainText("Fact-check what you read");
-
-    // Key sections are present
     await expect(page.locator("text=Unimpeachable results")).toBeVisible();
     await expect(page.locator("text=Fully transparent")).toBeVisible();
     await expect(page.locator("text=Non-intrusive")).toBeVisible();
-
-    // How it works section
     await expect(page.locator("text=How it works")).toBeVisible();
     await expect(page.locator("text=You browse normally")).toBeVisible();
-
-    // Supported platforms
     await expect(page.locator("text=LessWrong")).toBeVisible();
     await expect(page.locator("text=X (Twitter)")).toBeVisible();
   });
@@ -47,49 +55,112 @@ test.describe("Landing page", () => {
     await expect(nav.getByText("OpenErrata")).toBeVisible();
     await expect(nav.getByText("Corrections")).toBeVisible();
     await expect(nav.getByText("GitHub")).toBeVisible();
-    await expect(nav.getByText("Install Extension")).toBeVisible();
+    await expect(nav.getByRole("link", { name: "Install Extension" })).toHaveAttribute(
+      "href",
+      EXPECTED_EXTENSION_URL,
+    );
+    await expect(page.getByRole("link", { name: "Install for Chrome" })).toHaveAttribute(
+      "href",
+      EXPECTED_EXTENSION_URL,
+    );
+  });
+
+  test("is served with a CSP the page itself does not violate", async ({ page }) => {
+    const violations = collectCspViolations(page);
+    const response = await page.goto("/");
+
+    const csp = response?.headers()["content-security-policy"] ?? "";
+    expect(csp).toContain("script-src 'self' 'nonce-");
+    expect(csp).toContain("frame-ancestors 'none'");
+    await page.locator("nav").getByText("Corrections").click();
+    await expect(page.locator("h1")).toContainText("Latest Corrections");
+    expect(violations).toEqual([]);
   });
 });
 
 test.describe("Corrections page", () => {
-  test("renders search UI and handles API unavailability", async ({ page }) => {
-    await page.goto("/corrections");
+  test("lists corrections from the public API", async ({ page }) => {
+    const response = await page.goto("/corrections");
 
+    expect(response?.status()).toBe(200);
     await expect(page).toHaveTitle(/Corrections/);
-
-    // Search bar elements
     await expect(page.locator('input[name="q"]')).toBeVisible();
     await expect(page.locator('select[name="platform"]')).toBeVisible();
-    await expect(page.locator('button[type="submit"]')).toBeVisible();
 
-    // API is unreachable, so either error state or empty state appears
-    const errorOrEmpty = page.locator(".error-state, .empty-state");
-    await expect(errorOrEmpty).toBeVisible();
+    const card = page.locator(".investigation-card").first();
+    await expect(card).toHaveAttribute("href", `/corrections/${GOOD_INVESTIGATION_ID}`);
+    await expect(card.locator(".platform-badge")).toHaveText("LessWrong");
+    await expect(card).toContainText("completed in 1889, not 1899");
   });
 
-  test("nav bar is consistent with landing page", async ({ page }) => {
-    await page.goto("/corrections");
+  test("shows a 502 page without internal details when the API fails", async ({ page }) => {
+    const response = await page.goto(`/corrections?q=${API_FAILURE_SEARCH_QUERY}`);
 
-    const nav = page.locator("nav");
-    await expect(nav.getByText("OpenErrata")).toBeVisible();
-    await expect(nav.getByText("Corrections")).toBeVisible();
-    await expect(nav.getByText("Install Extension")).toBeVisible();
+    expect(response?.status()).toBe(502);
+    await expect(page.locator("h1")).toHaveText("Something went wrong");
+    await expect(page.locator(".message")).toContainText("API is unavailable");
+    await expect(page.locator("body")).not.toContainText("mock upstream failure");
+  });
+
+  test("rejects an unknown platform filter with a 400 page", async ({ page }) => {
+    const response = await page.goto("/corrections?platform=MYSPACE");
+    expect(response?.status()).toBe(400);
+    await expect(page.locator(".message")).toHaveText("Unknown platform filter.");
   });
 });
 
-test.describe("Navigation", () => {
-  test("can navigate from landing to corrections via nav link", async ({ page }) => {
-    await page.goto("/");
-    await page.locator("nav").getByText("Corrections").click();
-    await expect(page).toHaveURL(/\/corrections/);
-    await expect(page.locator("h1")).toContainText("Latest Corrections");
+test.describe("Investigation page", () => {
+  test("renders claims, sources and the model, without unsafe markup", async ({ page }) => {
+    const response = await page.goto(`/corrections/${GOOD_INVESTIGATION_ID}`);
+
+    expect(response?.status()).toBe(200);
+    await expect(page.locator(".post-url a")).toHaveAttribute(
+      "href",
+      "https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/abc123/example-post",
+    );
+    await expect(page.locator(".claim-card")).toHaveCount(1);
+    await expect(page.locator(".investigation-meta")).toContainText("Model: gpt-6.1-sol");
+
+    await page.locator("summary", { hasText: "Full reasoning" }).click();
+    const reasoning = page.locator(".reasoning");
+    await expect(reasoning.locator('a[href="https://example.org/report"]')).toHaveCount(1);
+    await expect(reasoning.locator("img")).toHaveCount(0);
+
+    await page.locator("summary", { hasText: "2 sources" }).click();
+    await expect(page.locator(".source-item")).toHaveCount(2);
+
+    await expect(page.locator('[href^="javascript:" i]')).toHaveCount(0);
+  });
+
+  test("refuses to render a post whose URL is not http(s)", async ({ page }) => {
+    const response = await page.goto(`/corrections/${JAVASCRIPT_POST_URL_INVESTIGATION_ID}`);
+
+    expect(response?.status()).toBe(502);
+    await expect(page.locator('[href^="javascript:" i]')).toHaveCount(0);
   });
 
+  test("shows a 404 page for an unknown investigation", async ({ page }) => {
+    const response = await page.goto("/corrections/does-not-exist");
+
+    expect(response?.status()).toBe(404);
+    await expect(page.locator("h1")).toHaveText("Not found");
+    await expect(page.locator(".message")).toContainText("doesn't exist");
+  });
+});
+
+test.describe("Navigation", () => {
   test("can navigate from corrections to landing via logo", async ({ page }) => {
     await page.goto("/corrections");
     await page.locator("nav").getByText("OpenErrata").click();
     await expect(page).toHaveURL(/\/$/);
   });
+
+  test("can open an investigation from the corrections list", async ({ page }) => {
+    await page.goto("/corrections");
+    await page.locator(".investigation-card").first().click();
+    await expect(page).toHaveURL(new RegExp(`/corrections/${GOOD_INVESTIGATION_ID}$`));
+    await expect(page.locator(".claim-card")).toHaveCount(1);
+  });
 });
 
 test.describe("Health endpoint", () => {
diff --git a/src/typescript/frontend/test/unit/api.test.ts b/src/typescript/frontend/test/unit/api.test.ts
deleted file mode 100644
index 7c57b1e..0000000
--- a/src/typescript/frontend/test/unit/api.test.ts
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,150 +0,0 @@
-import { describe, it, mock } from "node:test";
-import assert from "node:assert/strict";
-import { graphqlQuery } from "../../src/lib/api.js";
-
-describe("graphqlQuery", () => {
-  it("returns data on a successful response", async () => {
-    const expected = { searchInvestigations: { investigations: [] } };
-    const mockFetch = mock.fn<typeof globalThis.fetch>(() =>
-      Promise.resolve(
-        new Response(JSON.stringify({ data: expected }), {
-          status: 200,
-          headers: { "Content-Type": "application/json" },
-        }),
-      ),
-    );
-
-    const originalFetch = globalThis.fetch;
-    globalThis.fetch = mockFetch;
-    process.env["API_BASE_URL"] = "https://api.example.com";
-
-    try {
-      const result = await graphqlQuery<typeof expected>("query { test }", {});
-      assert.deepEqual(result, expected);
-
-      assert.equal(mockFetch.mock.callCount(), 1);
-      const [url, init] = mockFetch.mock.calls[0]!.arguments;
-      assert.equal(url, "https://api.example.com/graphql");
-      assert.equal((init as RequestInit).method, "POST");
-    } finally {
-      globalThis.fetch = originalFetch;
-      delete process.env["API_BASE_URL"];
-    }
-  });
-
-  it("throws on non-ok HTTP response", async () => {
-    const mockFetch = mock.fn<typeof globalThis.fetch>(() =>
-      Promise.resolve(
-        new Response("Internal Server Error", { status: 500, statusText: "Internal Server Error" }),
-      ),
-    );
-
-    const originalFetch = globalThis.fetch;
-    globalThis.fetch = mockFetch;
-    process.env["API_BASE_URL"] = "https://api.example.com";
-
-    try {
-      await assert.rejects(() => graphqlQuery("query { test }", {}), {
-        message: "GraphQL request failed: 500 Internal Server Error",
-      });
-    } finally {
-      globalThis.fetch = originalFetch;
-      delete process.env["API_BASE_URL"];
-    }
-  });
-
-  it("throws when response body has no data field", async () => {
-    const mockFetch = mock.fn<typeof globalThis.fetch>(() =>
-      Promise.resolve(
-        new Response(JSON.stringify({ errors: [{ message: "parse error" }] }), {
-          status: 200,
-          headers: { "Content-Type": "application/json" },
-        }),
-      ),
-    );
-
-    const originalFetch = globalThis.fetch;
-    globalThis.fetch = mockFetch;
-    process.env["API_BASE_URL"] = "https://api.example.com";
-
-    try {
-      await assert.rejects(() => graphqlQuery("query { test }", {}), {
-        message: "GraphQL response missing 'data' field",
-      });
-    } finally {
-      globalThis.fetch = originalFetch;
-      delete process.env["API_BASE_URL"];
-    }
-  });
-
-  it("throws on GraphQL errors even when data is present", async () => {
-    const mockFetch = mock.fn<typeof globalThis.fetch>(() =>
-      Promise.resolve(
-        new Response(
-          JSON.stringify({
-            data: null,
-            errors: [{ message: "Unknown argument" }, { message: "Validation failed" }],
-          }),
-          { status: 200, headers: { "Content-Type": "application/json" } },
-        ),
-      ),
-    );
-
-    const originalFetch = globalThis.fetch;
-    globalThis.fetch = mockFetch;
-    process.env["API_BASE_URL"] = "https://api.example.com";
-
-    try {
-      await assert.rejects(() => graphqlQuery("query { test }", {}), {
-        message: "GraphQL error: Unknown argument, Validation failed",
-      });
-    } finally {
-      globalThis.fetch = originalFetch;
-      delete process.env["API_BASE_URL"];
-    }
-  });
-
-  it("throws when API_BASE_URL is not set", async () => {
-    const saved = process.env["API_BASE_URL"];
-    delete process.env["API_BASE_URL"];
-
-    try {
-      await assert.rejects(() => graphqlQuery("query { test }", {}), {
-        message: "API_BASE_URL environment variable is required",
-      });
-    } finally {
-      if (saved !== undefined) {
-        process.env["API_BASE_URL"] = saved;
-      }
-    }
-  });
-
-  it("sends variables in the request body", async () => {
-    const mockFetch = mock.fn<typeof globalThis.fetch>(() =>
-      Promise.resolve(
-        new Response(JSON.stringify({ data: {} }), {
-          status: 200,
-          headers: { "Content-Type": "application/json" },
-        }),
-      ),
-    );
-
-    const originalFetch = globalThis.fetch;
-    globalThis.fetch = mockFetch;
-    process.env["API_BASE_URL"] = "https://api.example.com";
-
-    try {
-      const vars = { query: "test", limit: 10 };
-      await graphqlQuery("query($query: String) { search(query: $query) { id } }", vars);
-
-      const body = JSON.parse(mockFetch.mock.calls[0]!.arguments[1]!.body as string) as Record<
-        string,
-        unknown
-      >;
-      assert.deepEqual(body["variables"], vars);
-    } finally {
-      globalThis.fetch = originalFetch;
-      delete process.env["API_BASE_URL"];
-    }
-  });
-});
diff --git a/src/typescript/frontend/test/unit/claim-markdown.test.ts b/src/typescript/frontend/test/unit/claim-markdown.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cce451d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/typescript/frontend/test/unit/claim-markdown.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+import assert from "node:assert/strict";
+import { describe, it } from "node:test";
+import { renderClaimReasoningHtml } from "../../src/lib/claim-markdown.js";
+
+describe("renderClaimReasoningHtml", () => {
+  it("renders headings, emphasis, and safe links as HTML", () => {
+    const html = renderClaimReasoningHtml(
+      "### Contradictory evidence\n\n**Bold** text and [source](https://example.com).",
+    );
+
+    assert.match(html, /<h3>Contradictory evidence<\/h3>/);
+    assert.match(html, /<strong>Bold<\/strong>/);
+    assert.match(html, /href="https:\/\/example\.com"/);
+    assert.match(html, /target="_blank"/);
+    assert.match(html, /rel="noopener noreferrer"/);
+  });
+
+  it("escapes raw HTML instead of rendering it", () => {
+    const html = renderClaimReasoningHtml('<script>alert("xss")</script>');
+
+    assert.equal(html.includes("<script>"), false);
+    assert.equal(html.includes("&lt;script&gt;alert"), true);
+  });
+
+  it("drops script-scheme link targets", () => {
+    const html = renderClaimReasoningHtml(
+      "[click](javascript:alert(1)) [data](data:text/html,<b>x</b>) [ok](https://example.com)",
+    );
+
+    assert.doesNotMatch(html, /href="(?:javascript|data):/i);
+    assert.equal((html.match(/<a /g) ?? []).length, 1);
+    assert.match(html, /href="https:\/\/example\.com"/);
+  });
+
+  it("does not render images, so reasoning cannot embed remote resources", () => {
+    const html = renderClaimReasoningHtml("![tracker](https://tracker.example/pixel.png)");
+
+    assert.equal(html.includes("<img"), false);
+  });
+});
diff --git a/src/typescript/frontend/test/unit/public-api-client.test.ts b/src/typescript/frontend/test/unit/public-api-client.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8731105
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/typescript/frontend/test/unit/public-api-client.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,145 @@
+import assert from "node:assert/strict";
+import { describe, it, mock } from "node:test";
+import {
+  publicInvestigationQuery,
+  searchInvestigationsQuery,
+} from "../../src/lib/public-queries.js";
+import { PublicApiError, runPublicQuery } from "../../src/lib/server/public-api-client.js";
+import {
+  goodPublicInvestigation,
+  javascriptPostUrlInvestigation,
+  searchInvestigationsResult,
+} from "../e2e/public-api-fixtures.js";
+
+function jsonResponse(body: unknown, init: ResponseInit = {}): Response {
+  return new Response(JSON.stringify(body), {
+    status: 200,
+    headers: { "Content-Type": "application/json" },
+    ...init,
+  });
+}
+
+function transportReturning(response: Response | Error) {
+  const fetch = mock.fn<typeof globalThis.fetch>(() =>
+    response instanceof Error ? Promise.reject(response) : Promise.resolve(response),
+  );
+  return { fetch, transport: { baseUrl: "https://api.example.com", fetch } };
+}
+
+describe("runPublicQuery", () => {
+  it("posts the document and validated variables to /graphql and returns parsed data", async () => {
+    const { fetch, transport } = transportReturning(
+      jsonResponse({ data: { searchInvestigations: searchInvestigationsResult } }),
+    );
+
+    const data = await runPublicQuery(transport, searchInvestigationsQuery, {
+      platform: "LESSWRONG",
+      minClaimCount: 1,
+    });
+
+    assert.deepEqual(data.searchInvestigations, searchInvestigationsResult);
+    const [url, init] = fetch.mock.calls[0]!.arguments;
+    assert.equal(String(url), "https://api.example.com/graphql");
+    const body = JSON.parse(init!.body as string) as Record<string, unknown>;
+    assert.equal(body["query"], searchInvestigationsQuery.document);
+    // Shared input-schema defaults are applied before sending.
+    assert.deepEqual(body["variables"], {
+      platform: "LESSWRONG",
+      minClaimCount: 1,
+      limit: 20,
+      offset: 0,
+    });
+  });
+
+  it("keeps a path prefix on the API base URL", async () => {
+    const fetch = mock.fn<typeof globalThis.fetch>(() =>
+      Promise.resolve(jsonResponse({ data: { publicInvestigation: null } })),
+    );
+    await runPublicQuery({ baseUrl: "https://example.com/api/", fetch }, publicInvestigationQuery, {
+      investigationId: "inv-1",
+    });
+    assert.equal(String(fetch.mock.calls[0]!.arguments[0]), "https://example.com/api/graphql");
+  });
+
+  it("returns null for an investigation the API does not have", async () => {
+    const { transport } = transportReturning(jsonResponse({ data: { publicInvestigation: null } }));
+    const data = await runPublicQuery(transport, publicInvestigationQuery, {
+      investigationId: "missing",
+    });
+    assert.equal(data.publicInvestigation, null);
+  });
+
+  it("parses a complete investigation, including the model id", async () => {
+    const { transport } = transportReturning(
+      jsonResponse({ data: { publicInvestigation: goodPublicInvestigation } }),
+    );
+    const data = await runPublicQuery(transport, publicInvestigationQuery, {
+      investigationId: "inv-good",
+    });
+    assert.equal(data.publicInvestigation?.investigation.model, "gpt-6.1-sol");
+  });
+
+  it("rejects a post URL that is not http(s) as a contract violation", async () => {
+    const { transport } = transportReturning(
+      jsonResponse({ data: { publicInvestigation: javascriptPostUrlInvestigation } }),
+    );
+    await assert.rejects(
+      () => runPublicQuery(transport, publicInvestigationQuery, { investigationId: "x" }),
+      (error: unknown) =>
+        error instanceof PublicApiError && error.message.includes("violates the public contract"),
+    );
+  });
+
+  it("rejects a SERVER_VERIFIED origin without a verification timestamp", async () => {
+    const result = {
+      ...searchInvestigationsResult,
+      investigations: searchInvestigationsResult.investigations.map((investigation) => ({
+        ...investigation,
+        origin: { provenance: "SERVER_VERIFIED", serverVerifiedAt: null },
+      })),
+    };
+    const { transport } = transportReturning(
+      jsonResponse({ data: { searchInvestigations: result } }),
+    );
+    await assert.rejects(
+      () => runPublicQuery(transport, searchInvestigationsQuery, {}),
+      PublicApiError,
+    );
+  });
+
+  it("throws on GraphQL errors", async () => {
+    const { transport } = transportReturning(
+      jsonResponse({ data: null, errors: [{ message: "Unknown argument" }, { message: "Bad" }] }),
+    );
+    await assert.rejects(() => runPublicQuery(transport, searchInvestigationsQuery, {}), {
+      name: "PublicApiError",
+      message: "GraphQL errors: Unknown argument; Bad",
+    });
+  });
+
+  it("throws on non-2xx responses", async () => {
+    const { transport } = transportReturning(
+      new Response("upstream down", { status: 503, statusText: "Service Unavailable" }),
+    );
+    await assert.rejects(() => runPublicQuery(transport, searchInvestigationsQuery, {}), {
+      name: "PublicApiError",
+      message: "Public API responded 503 Service Unavailable: upstream down",
+    });
+  });
+
+  it("wraps network failures", async () => {
+    const { transport } = transportReturning(new TypeError("fetch failed"));
+    await assert.rejects(
+      () => runPublicQuery(transport, searchInvestigationsQuery, {}),
+      (error: unknown) => error instanceof PublicApiError && error.cause instanceof TypeError,
+    );
+  });
+
+  it("refuses invalid variables before sending anything", async () => {
+    const { fetch, transport } = transportReturning(jsonResponse({ data: {} }));
+    await assert.rejects(() =>
+      runPublicQuery(transport, searchInvestigationsQuery, { offset: -20 }),
+    );
+    assert.equal(fetch.mock.callCount(), 0);
+  });
+});
diff --git a/src/typescript/frontend/tsconfig.json b/src/typescript/frontend/tsconfig.json
index 3b6a91b..d0def4d 100644
--- a/src/typescript/frontend/tsconfig.json
+++ b/src/typescript/frontend/tsconfig.json
@@ -20,5 +20,6 @@
     "noUnusedParameters": true,
     "lib": ["ES2022", "DOM", "DOM.Iterable"]
   },
-  "include": ["src"]
+  // The ambient files declare SvelteKit's virtual modules (e.g. $env/dynamic/private).
+  "include": ["src", ".svelte-kit/ambient.d.ts", ".svelte-kit/non-ambient.d.ts"]
 }
diff --git a/src/typescript/package.json b/src/typescript/package.json
index e7315ce..1700057 100644
--- a/src/typescript/package.json
+++ b/src/typescript/package.json
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
   "name": "openerrata",
   "type": "module",
   "private": true,
+  "packageManager": "pnpm@10.24.0",
   "scripts": {
     "dev:api": "pnpm --filter @openerrata/api dev",
     "dev:ext": "pnpm --filter @openerrata/extension dev",
diff --git a/src/typescript/pnpm-lock.yaml b/src/typescript/pnpm-lock.yaml
index 1f48a31..248064c 100644
--- a/src/typescript/pnpm-lock.yaml
+++ b/src/typescript/pnpm-lock.yaml
@@ -113,6 +113,9 @@ importers:
       turndown:
         specifier: ^7.2.2
         version: 7.2.2
+      undici:
+        specifier: ^7.22.0
+        version: 7.22.0
       zod:
         specifier: ^4.3.6
         version: 4.3.6
@@ -211,15 +214,24 @@ importers:
 
   frontend:
     dependencies:
+      '@openerrata/shared':
+        specifier: workspace:*
+        version: link:../shared
       '@sveltejs/adapter-node':
         specifier: ^5.5.3
         version: 5.5.3(@sveltejs/kit@2.52.2(@opentelemetry/api@1.9.0)(@sveltejs/vite-plugin-svelte@6.2.4(svelte@5.53.0)(vite@7.3.1(@types/node@25.3.0)(jiti@2.6.1)(lightningcss@1.31.1)(tsx@4.21.0)(yaml@2.8.2)))(svelte@5.53.0)(typescript@5.9.3)(vite@7.3.1(@types/node@25.3.0)(jiti@2.6.1)(lightningcss@1.31.1)(tsx@4.21.0)(yaml@2.8.2)))
       '@sveltejs/kit':
         specifier: ^2.52.2
         version: 2.52.2(@opentelemetry/api@1.9.0)(@sveltejs/vite-plugin-svelte@6.2.4(svelte@5.53.0)(vite@7.3.1(@types/node@25.3.0)(jiti@2.6.1)(lightningcss@1.31.1)(tsx@4.21.0)(yaml@2.8.2)))(svelte@5.53.0)(typescript@5.9.3)(vite@7.3.1(@types/node@25.3.0)(jiti@2.6.1)(lightningcss@1.31.1)(tsx@4.21.0)(yaml@2.8.2))
+      markdown-it:
+        specifier: ^14.1.1
+        version: 14.1.1
       svelte:
         specifier: ^5.53.0
         version: 5.53.0
+      zod:
+        specifier: ^4.3.6
+        version: 4.3.6
     devDependencies:
       '@playwright/test':
         specifier: ^1.56.1
@@ -227,6 +239,9 @@ importers:
       '@sveltejs/vite-plugin-svelte':
         specifier: ^6.2.4
         version: 6.2.4(svelte@5.53.0)(vite@7.3.1(@types/node@25.3.0)(jiti@2.6.1)(lightningcss@1.31.1)(tsx@4.21.0)(yaml@2.8.2))
+      '@types/markdown-it':
+        specifier: ^14.1.2
+        version: 14.1.2
       svelte-check:
         specifier: ^4.2.1
         version: 4.4.1(picomatch@4.0.3)(svelte@5.53.0)(typescript@5.9.3)
diff --git a/src/typescript/pulumi/index.ts b/src/typescript/pulumi/index.ts
index 0cf612d..9d40762 100644
--- a/src/typescript/pulumi/index.ts
+++ b/src/typescript/pulumi/index.ts
@@ -15,7 +15,6 @@ import {
 const config = new pulumi.Config();
 const defaultImageRepository = "ghcr.io/zeropathai/openerrata-api";
 const defaultFrontendImageRepository = "ghcr.io/zeropathai/openerrata-frontend";
-const defaultBlobStorageAccessKeyId = "openerrata";
 const chartName = "openerrata";
 const releaseName = config.get("releaseName") ?? chartName;
 const namespaceName =
@@ -23,11 +22,11 @@ const namespaceName =
 const nameOverride = config.get("nameOverride") ?? undefined;
 const fullnameOverride = config.get("fullnameOverride") ?? undefined;
 
-interface ImageConfig {
-  repository: string;
-  tag: string;
-  digest: string | undefined;
-}
+/** Chart `image` values: a digest, when set, takes precedence over the tag. */
+type ImageConfig = { repository: string } & (
+  | { tag: string; digest?: string }
+  | { tag?: string; digest: string }
+);
 
 type BlobStorageProvider = "aws" | "s3_compatible";
 
@@ -36,7 +35,6 @@ interface BlobStorageConfigBase {
   provider: BlobStorageProvider;
   region: string;
   bucket: pulumi.Input<string>;
-  publicUrlPrefix: pulumi.Input<string>;
   accessKeyId: pulumi.Input<string>;
   secretAccessKey: pulumi.Input<string>;
 }
@@ -53,17 +51,23 @@ type S3CompatibleBlobStorageConfig = BlobStorageConfigBase & {
 
 type BlobStorageConfig = AwsBlobStorageConfig | S3CompatibleBlobStorageConfig;
 
-interface DatabaseConfig {
-  mode: "manual" | "managed_aws_rds";
-  databaseUrl: pulumi.Input<string>;
-  endpoint: pulumi.Input<string>;
+interface ManagedDatabaseSettings {
+  publiclyAccessible: boolean;
+  ingressCidrs: string[];
+  engineVersion: string;
 }
 
-interface FrontendImageConfig {
-  repository: string;
-  tag: string;
-  digest: string | undefined;
-}
+type DatabaseSettings =
+  | { mode: "manual"; databaseUrl: pulumi.Output<string> }
+  | { mode: "managed_aws_rds"; managed: ManagedDatabaseSettings };
+
+type DatabaseConfig =
+  | { mode: "manual"; databaseUrl: pulumi.Input<string> }
+  | { mode: "managed_aws_rds"; databaseUrl: pulumi.Input<string>; endpoint: pulumi.Output<string> };
+
+type FrontendConfig =
+  | { mode: "disabled" }
+  | { mode: "enabled"; image: ImageConfig; ingress: FrontendIngressConfig };
 
 type FrontendIngressConfig =
   | {
@@ -98,16 +102,6 @@ type DnsConfig =
       targetOverride: string | undefined;
     };
 
-function getNonEmptyEnv(name: string): string | undefined {
-  const value = process.env[name];
-  if (value === undefined || value.length === 0) {
-    return undefined;
-  }
-
-  const trimmed = value.trim();
-  return trimmed.length > 0 ? trimmed : undefined;
-}
-
 function getNonEmptyConfig(input: pulumi.Config, key: string): string | undefined {
   const value = input.get(key);
   if (value === undefined) {
@@ -118,28 +112,28 @@ function getNonEmptyConfig(input: pulumi.Config, key: string): string | undefine
   return trimmed.length > 0 ? trimmed : undefined;
 }
 
-function resolveImageConfig(input: pulumi.Config): ImageConfig {
-  const configuredRepository =
-    getNonEmptyConfig(input, "imageRepository") ?? defaultImageRepository;
-  const configuredTag = getNonEmptyConfig(input, "imageTag") ?? "latest";
-  const configuredDigest = getNonEmptyConfig(input, "imageDigest");
-
-  const ciRepository = getNonEmptyEnv("CI_IMAGE_REPOSITORY");
-  const ciTag = getNonEmptyEnv("CI_IMAGE_TAG");
-  const ciDigest = getNonEmptyEnv("CI_IMAGE_DIGEST");
-
-  const resolvedRepository = ciRepository ?? configuredRepository;
-  if (/[A-Z]/.test(resolvedRepository)) {
+/** Reads `<prefix>Repository`, `<prefix>Tag` and `<prefix>Digest` (CI sets all three). */
+function resolveImageConfig(
+  input: pulumi.Config,
+  prefix: "image" | "frontendImage",
+  defaultRepository: string,
+): ImageConfig {
+  const repository = getNonEmptyConfig(input, `${prefix}Repository`) ?? defaultRepository;
+  if (/[A-Z]/.test(repository)) {
     throw new Error(
-      `imageRepository must be lowercase for OCI compatibility, got: ${resolvedRepository}`,
+      `${prefix}Repository must be lowercase for OCI compatibility, got: ${repository}`,
     );
   }
 
-  return {
-    repository: resolvedRepository,
-    tag: ciTag ?? configuredTag,
-    digest: ciDigest ?? configuredDigest,
-  };
+  const tag = getNonEmptyConfig(input, `${prefix}Tag`);
+  const digest = getNonEmptyConfig(input, `${prefix}Digest`);
+  if (digest !== undefined) {
+    return { repository, digest, ...(tag !== undefined ? { tag } : {}) };
+  }
+  if (tag !== undefined) {
+    return { repository, tag };
+  }
+  throw new Error(`${prefix}Tag or ${prefix}Digest is required.`);
 }
 
 function createManagedAwsBlobStorage(input: pulumi.Config): BlobStorageConfig {
@@ -164,12 +158,14 @@ function createManagedAwsBlobStorage(input: pulumi.Config): BlobStorageConfig {
     },
   });
 
-  const publicAccessBlock = new aws.s3.BucketPublicAccessBlock("blob-storage-public-access", {
+  // Blobs are private: the API only writes them (images reach the model
+  // inline), and nothing reads them by public URL.
+  new aws.s3.BucketPublicAccessBlock("blob-storage-public-access", {
     bucket: bucket.id,
-    blockPublicAcls: false,
-    ignorePublicAcls: false,
-    blockPublicPolicy: false,
-    restrictPublicBuckets: false,
+    blockPublicAcls: true,
+    ignorePublicAcls: true,
+    blockPublicPolicy: true,
+    restrictPublicBuckets: true,
   });
 
   new aws.s3.BucketOwnershipControls("blob-storage-ownership", {
@@ -179,28 +175,6 @@ function createManagedAwsBlobStorage(input: pulumi.Config): BlobStorageConfig {
     },
   });
 
-  new aws.s3.BucketPolicy(
-    "blob-storage-public-read-policy",
-    {
-      bucket: bucket.id,
-      policy: bucket.arn.apply((bucketArn) =>
-        JSON.stringify({
-          Version: "2012-10-17",
-          Statement: [
-            {
-              Sid: "PublicReadImages",
-              Effect: "Allow",
-              Principal: "*",
-              Action: ["s3:GetObject"],
-              Resource: [`${bucketArn}/images/*`],
-            },
-          ],
-        }),
-      ),
-    },
-    { dependsOn: [publicAccessBlock] },
-  );
-
   const blobWriterUser = new aws.iam.User("blob-storage-writer", {
     forceDestroy: managedBlobStorageForceDestroy,
     tags: {
@@ -235,6 +209,9 @@ function createManagedAwsBlobStorage(input: pulumi.Config): BlobStorageConfig {
 
   const blobWriterAccessKey = new aws.iam.AccessKey("blob-storage-writer-access-key", {
     user: blobWriterUser.name,
+    // The API uploads with this key; a key deactivated out of band (as
+    // staging's was) is reactivated on the next refreshing deploy.
+    status: "Active",
   });
 
   const awsRegion = aws.config.region;
@@ -250,7 +227,6 @@ function createManagedAwsBlobStorage(input: pulumi.Config): BlobStorageConfig {
     region: awsRegion,
     endpoint: undefined,
     bucket: bucket.bucket,
-    publicUrlPrefix: pulumi.interpolate`https://${bucket.bucketRegionalDomainName}`,
     accessKeyId: blobWriterAccessKey.id,
     secretAccessKey: blobWriterAccessKey.secret,
   };
@@ -258,17 +234,14 @@ function createManagedAwsBlobStorage(input: pulumi.Config): BlobStorageConfig {
 
 function resolveBlobStorage(input: pulumi.Config): BlobStorageConfig {
   const configuredBucket = getNonEmptyConfig(input, "blobStorageBucket");
-  const configuredPublicUrlPrefix = getNonEmptyConfig(input, "blobStoragePublicUrlPrefix");
+  const configuredAccessKeyId = getNonEmptyConfig(input, "blobStorageAccessKeyId");
   const configuredSecretAccessKey = input.getSecret("blobStorageSecretAccessKey");
 
-  const hasConfiguredBucket = configuredBucket !== undefined;
-  const hasConfiguredPublicUrlPrefix = configuredPublicUrlPrefix !== undefined;
-  const hasConfiguredSecretAccessKey = configuredSecretAccessKey !== undefined;
   const manualFieldsProvidedCount = [
-    hasConfiguredBucket,
-    hasConfiguredPublicUrlPrefix,
-    hasConfiguredSecretAccessKey,
-  ].filter(Boolean).length;
+    configuredBucket,
+    configuredAccessKeyId,
+    configuredSecretAccessKey,
+  ].filter((value) => value !== undefined).length;
   const configuredProvider = getNonEmptyConfig(input, "blobStorageProvider");
   const configuredEndpoint = getNonEmptyConfig(input, "blobStorageEndpoint");
   const configuredRegion = getNonEmptyConfig(input, "blobStorageRegion");
@@ -277,19 +250,15 @@ function resolveBlobStorage(input: pulumi.Config): BlobStorageConfig {
     return createManagedAwsBlobStorage(input);
   }
 
-  if (manualFieldsProvidedCount !== 3) {
-    throw new Error(
-      "Manual blob storage configuration requires blobStorageBucket, " +
-        "blobStoragePublicUrlPrefix, and blobStorageSecretAccessKey together.",
-    );
-  }
-
   if (
     configuredBucket === undefined ||
-    configuredPublicUrlPrefix === undefined ||
+    configuredAccessKeyId === undefined ||
     configuredSecretAccessKey === undefined
   ) {
-    throw new Error("Manual blob storage configuration was expected but could not be resolved.");
+    throw new Error(
+      "Manual blob storage configuration requires blobStorageBucket, blobStorageAccessKeyId, " +
+        "and blobStorageSecretAccessKey together.",
+    );
   }
 
   let resolvedProvider: BlobStorageProvider;
@@ -322,9 +291,7 @@ function resolveBlobStorage(input: pulumi.Config): BlobStorageConfig {
       region: resolvedRegion,
       endpoint: undefined,
       bucket: configuredBucket,
-      publicUrlPrefix: configuredPublicUrlPrefix,
-      accessKeyId:
-        getNonEmptyConfig(input, "blobStorageAccessKeyId") ?? defaultBlobStorageAccessKeyId,
+      accessKeyId: configuredAccessKeyId,
       secretAccessKey: configuredSecretAccessKey,
     };
   }
@@ -347,19 +314,50 @@ function resolveBlobStorage(input: pulumi.Config): BlobStorageConfig {
     region: resolvedS3CompatibleRegion,
     endpoint: configuredEndpoint,
     bucket: configuredBucket,
-    publicUrlPrefix: configuredPublicUrlPrefix,
-    accessKeyId:
-      getNonEmptyConfig(input, "blobStorageAccessKeyId") ?? defaultBlobStorageAccessKeyId,
+    accessKeyId: configuredAccessKeyId,
     secretAccessKey: configuredSecretAccessKey,
   };
 }
 
-function createManagedAwsDatabase(input: pulumi.Config): DatabaseConfig {
+/**
+ * Network exposure and engine version of the managed database have no
+ * defaults: changing either on an existing instance can cut off the cluster or
+ * trigger an upgrade, so every stack states them explicitly.
+ */
+function readManagedDatabaseSettings(input: pulumi.Config): ManagedDatabaseSettings {
+  const ingressCidrs = parseCsvList(getNonEmptyConfig(input, "managedDatabaseIngressCidrs"));
+  if (ingressCidrs === undefined) {
+    throw new Error(
+      "managedDatabaseIngressCidrs is required for the managed database (comma-separated CIDRs allowed to reach Postgres).",
+    );
+  }
+  const engineVersion = getNonEmptyConfig(input, "managedDatabaseEngineVersion");
+  if (engineVersion === undefined) {
+    throw new Error(
+      "managedDatabaseEngineVersion is required for the managed database (e.g. 17; for an existing instance, its current major version).",
+    );
+  }
+  return {
+    publiclyAccessible: input.requireBoolean("managedDatabasePubliclyAccessible"),
+    ingressCidrs,
+    engineVersion,
+  };
+}
+
+function readDatabaseSettings(input: pulumi.Config): DatabaseSettings {
+  const configuredDatabaseUrl = input.getSecret("databaseUrl");
+  if (configuredDatabaseUrl !== undefined) {
+    return { mode: "manual", databaseUrl: configuredDatabaseUrl };
+  }
+  return { mode: "managed_aws_rds", managed: readManagedDatabaseSettings(input) };
+}
+
+function createManagedAwsDatabase(
+  input: pulumi.Config,
+  settings: ManagedDatabaseSettings,
+): DatabaseConfig {
   const configuredVpcId = getNonEmptyConfig(input, "managedDatabaseVpcId");
   const configuredSubnetIds = parseCsvList(getNonEmptyConfig(input, "managedDatabaseSubnetIds"));
-  const configuredIngressCidrs = parseCsvList(
-    getNonEmptyConfig(input, "managedDatabaseIngressCidrs"),
-  );
   const configuredIdentifier = getNonEmptyConfig(input, "managedDatabaseIdentifier");
 
   const databaseName = getNonEmptyConfig(input, "managedDatabaseName") ?? "openerrata";
@@ -368,7 +366,6 @@ function createManagedAwsDatabase(input: pulumi.Config): DatabaseConfig {
     getNonEmptyConfig(input, "managedDatabaseInstanceClass") ?? "db.t3.micro";
   const databaseAllocatedStorage = input.getNumber("managedDatabaseAllocatedStorage") ?? 20;
   const databaseMaxAllocatedStorage = input.getNumber("managedDatabaseMaxAllocatedStorage") ?? 100;
-  const databasePubliclyAccessible = input.getBoolean("managedDatabasePubliclyAccessible") ?? true;
   const databaseMultiAz = input.getBoolean("managedDatabaseMultiAz") ?? false;
   const databaseBackupRetentionPeriod =
     input.getNumber("managedDatabaseBackupRetentionPeriod") ?? 7;
@@ -377,7 +374,6 @@ function createManagedAwsDatabase(input: pulumi.Config): DatabaseConfig {
   const databaseSkipFinalSnapshot =
     input.getBoolean("managedDatabaseSkipFinalSnapshot") ?? !databaseDeletionProtection;
   const databaseApplyImmediately = input.getBoolean("managedDatabaseApplyImmediately") ?? true;
-  const databaseEngineVersion = getNonEmptyConfig(input, "managedDatabaseEngineVersion");
 
   const projectComponent = normalizeDnsCompatibleComponent(pulumi.getProject());
   const stackComponent = normalizeDnsCompatibleComponent(pulumi.getStack());
@@ -399,8 +395,6 @@ function createManagedAwsDatabase(input: pulumi.Config): DatabaseConfig {
       ],
     }).ids;
 
-  const ingressCidrs = configuredIngressCidrs ?? ["0.0.0.0/0"];
-
   const subnetGroup = new aws.rds.SubnetGroup("database-subnet-group", {
     subnetIds,
     tags: {
@@ -413,7 +407,7 @@ function createManagedAwsDatabase(input: pulumi.Config): DatabaseConfig {
   const securityGroup = new aws.ec2.SecurityGroup("database-security-group", {
     vpcId,
     description: "OpenErrata managed Postgres access",
-    ingress: ingressCidrs.map((cidr) => ({
+    ingress: settings.ingressCidrs.map((cidr) => ({
       protocol: "tcp",
       fromPort: 5432,
       toPort: 5432,
@@ -442,9 +436,7 @@ function createManagedAwsDatabase(input: pulumi.Config): DatabaseConfig {
   const database = new aws.rds.Instance("database", {
     identifier: databaseIdentifier,
     engine: "postgres",
-    ...(databaseEngineVersion !== undefined && databaseEngineVersion.length > 0
-      ? { engineVersion: databaseEngineVersion }
-      : {}),
+    engineVersion: settings.engineVersion,
     instanceClass: databaseInstanceClass,
     allocatedStorage: databaseAllocatedStorage,
     maxAllocatedStorage: databaseMaxAllocatedStorage,
@@ -454,7 +446,7 @@ function createManagedAwsDatabase(input: pulumi.Config): DatabaseConfig {
     port: 5432,
     dbSubnetGroupName: subnetGroup.name,
     vpcSecurityGroupIds: [securityGroup.id],
-    publiclyAccessible: databasePubliclyAccessible,
+    publiclyAccessible: settings.publiclyAccessible,
     multiAz: databaseMultiAz,
     backupRetentionPeriod: databaseBackupRetentionPeriod,
     deletionProtection: databaseDeletionProtection,
@@ -481,18 +473,8 @@ function createManagedAwsDatabase(input: pulumi.Config): DatabaseConfig {
   };
 }
 
-function resolveDatabase(input: pulumi.Config): DatabaseConfig {
-  const configuredDatabaseUrl = input.getSecret("databaseUrl");
-
-  if (configuredDatabaseUrl !== undefined) {
-    return {
-      mode: "manual",
-      databaseUrl: configuredDatabaseUrl,
-      endpoint: "configured-via-databaseUrl",
-    };
-  }
-
-  return createManagedAwsDatabase(input);
+function provisionDatabase(input: pulumi.Config, settings: DatabaseSettings): DatabaseConfig {
+  return settings.mode === "manual" ? settings : createManagedAwsDatabase(input, settings.managed);
 }
 
 function resolveApiIngress(input: pulumi.Config): ApiIngressConfig {
@@ -563,30 +545,6 @@ function resolveSecretWithRandom(
   }).result;
 }
 
-function resolveFrontendImageConfig(input: pulumi.Config): FrontendImageConfig {
-  const configuredRepository =
-    getNonEmptyConfig(input, "frontendImageRepository") ?? defaultFrontendImageRepository;
-  const configuredTag = getNonEmptyConfig(input, "frontendImageTag") ?? "latest";
-  const configuredDigest = getNonEmptyConfig(input, "frontendImageDigest");
-
-  const ciRepository = getNonEmptyEnv("CI_FRONTEND_IMAGE_REPOSITORY");
-  const ciTag = getNonEmptyEnv("CI_FRONTEND_IMAGE_TAG");
-  const ciDigest = getNonEmptyEnv("CI_FRONTEND_IMAGE_DIGEST");
-
-  const resolvedRepository = ciRepository ?? configuredRepository;
-  if (/[A-Z]/.test(resolvedRepository)) {
-    throw new Error(
-      `frontendImageRepository must be lowercase for OCI compatibility, got: ${resolvedRepository}`,
-    );
-  }
-
-  return {
-    repository: resolvedRepository,
-    tag: ciTag ?? configuredTag,
-    digest: ciDigest ?? configuredDigest,
-  };
-}
-
 function resolveFrontendIngress(input: pulumi.Config): FrontendIngressConfig {
   const configuredHost = getNonEmptyConfig(input, "frontendHostname");
   const configuredEnabled = input.getBoolean("frontendIngressEnabled");
@@ -611,16 +569,35 @@ function resolveFrontendIngress(input: pulumi.Config): FrontendIngressConfig {
   };
 }
 
-const image = resolveImageConfig(config);
-const blobStorage = resolveBlobStorage(config);
-const database = resolveDatabase(config);
-const frontendEnabled = config.getBoolean("frontendEnabled") ?? false;
-const frontendImage = resolveFrontendImageConfig(config);
-const frontendIngress = resolveFrontendIngress(config);
+function resolveFrontend(input: pulumi.Config): FrontendConfig {
+  if (input.getBoolean("frontendEnabled") !== true) {
+    return { mode: "disabled" };
+  }
+  return {
+    mode: "enabled",
+    image: resolveImageConfig(input, "frontendImage", defaultFrontendImageRepository),
+    ingress: resolveFrontendIngress(input),
+  };
+}
+
+/** Chart values a stack may override; unset keys are omitted so the chart's defaults apply. */
+function configuredValues(values: Record<string, unknown>): Record<string, unknown> {
+  return Object.fromEntries(Object.entries(values).filter(([, value]) => value !== undefined));
+}
+
+// Read and validate all configuration before any resource is registered.
+const image = resolveImageConfig(config, "image", defaultImageRepository);
+const databaseSettings = readDatabaseSettings(config);
+const frontend = resolveFrontend(config);
 const apiIngress = resolveApiIngress(config);
 const dns = resolveDns(config);
-const configuredOpenaiApiKey = config.getSecret("openaiApiKey") ?? pulumi.secret("");
-const resolvedHmacSecret = resolveSecretWithRandom(config, "hmacSecret", "generated-hmac-secret");
+const openaiApiKey = config.requireSecret("openaiApiKey");
+const workerEgressAllowedCidrs = parseCsvList(
+  getNonEmptyConfig(config, "workerEgressAllowedCidrs"),
+);
+
+const blobStorage = resolveBlobStorage(config);
+const database = provisionDatabase(config, databaseSettings);
 const resolvedDatabaseEncryptionKey = resolveSecretWithRandom(
   config,
   "databaseEncryptionKey",
@@ -632,7 +609,7 @@ if (dns.provider === "cloudflare" && apiIngress.mode !== "enabled") {
 }
 
 // The namespace is expected to be pre-created by the cluster admin (see
-// src/kubernetes/ci-rbac/setup.sh) so the CI ServiceAccount's RBAC can be
+// src/kubernetes/ci-rbac/setup.sh) so the CI deploy group's RBAC can be
 // scoped to it.  `import: true` tells Pulumi to adopt an existing namespace
 // rather than failing with a conflict.
 const namespace = new k8s.core.v1.Namespace(
@@ -650,6 +627,16 @@ const fullname = resolveHelmFullname({
   fullnameOverride,
 });
 
+// `selectorBudget` used to cap each 5-minute selector run; the cap is now per
+// UTC day under a different key. Refuse the old key rather than silently
+// reinterpreting a value chosen for the old meaning.
+if (config.get("selectorBudget") !== undefined) {
+  throw new Error(
+    "Pulumi config `selectorBudget` was replaced by `selectorDailyBudget` (investigations the selector admits per UTC day). Remove `selectorBudget` and set `selectorDailyBudget` if the default of 100 does not fit.",
+  );
+}
+const selectorDailyBudget = config.get("selectorDailyBudget") ?? "100";
+
 const chart = new k8s.helm.v3.Chart(
   releaseName,
   {
@@ -660,39 +647,31 @@ const chart = new k8s.helm.v3.Chart(
       ...(fullnameOverride !== undefined && fullnameOverride.length > 0
         ? { fullnameOverride }
         : {}),
-      replicaCount: {
-        api: config.getNumber("apiReplicas") ?? 2,
-        worker: config.getNumber("workerReplicas") ?? 2,
-      },
-      image: {
-        repository: image.repository,
-        tag: image.tag,
-        digest: image.digest ?? "",
-      },
+      replicaCount: configuredValues({
+        api: config.getNumber("apiReplicas"),
+        worker: config.getNumber("workerReplicas"),
+      }),
+      image,
       selector: {
-        budget: config.get("selectorBudget") ?? "100",
+        dailyBudget: selectorDailyBudget,
       },
-      ...(frontendEnabled
+      ...(frontend.mode === "enabled"
         ? {
             frontend: {
               enabled: true,
-              replicaCount: config.getNumber("frontendReplicas") ?? 1,
+              ...configuredValues({ replicaCount: config.getNumber("frontendReplicas") }),
               apiBaseUrl:
                 apiIngress.mode === "enabled"
                   ? `https://${apiIngress.host}`
                   : `http://${fullname}-api.${namespaceName}.svc.cluster.local:3000`,
-              image: {
-                repository: frontendImage.repository,
-                tag: frontendImage.tag,
-                digest: frontendImage.digest ?? "",
-              },
-              ...(frontendIngress.mode === "enabled"
+              image: frontend.image,
+              ...(frontend.ingress.mode === "enabled"
                 ? {
                     ingress: {
                       enabled: true,
-                      className: frontendIngress.className,
-                      host: frontendIngress.host,
-                      path: frontendIngress.path,
+                      className: frontend.ingress.className,
+                      host: frontend.ingress.host,
+                      path: frontend.ingress.path,
                     },
                   }
                 : {
@@ -717,20 +696,27 @@ const chart = new k8s.helm.v3.Chart(
               enabled: false,
             },
           }),
+      networkPolicy: {
+        workerEgress: configuredValues({
+          enabled: config.getBoolean("workerEgressPolicyEnabled"),
+          allowedCidrs: workerEgressAllowedCidrs,
+        }),
+      },
       config: {
-        ipRangeCreditCap: config.get("ipRangeCreditCap") ?? "10",
-        workerConcurrency: config.get("workerConcurrency") ?? "250",
-        databaseEncryptionKeyId: config.get("databaseEncryptionKeyId") ?? "primary",
+        ...configuredValues({
+          ipRangeCreditCap: config.get("ipRangeCreditCap"),
+          workerConcurrency: config.get("workerConcurrency"),
+          openaiMaxResponseToolRounds: config.get("openaiMaxResponseToolRounds"),
+          databaseEncryptionKeyId: config.get("databaseEncryptionKeyId"),
+        }),
         blobStorageProvider: blobStorage.provider,
         blobStorageRegion: blobStorage.region,
         blobStorageEndpoint: blobStorage.endpoint ?? "",
         blobStorageBucket: blobStorage.bucket,
-        blobStoragePublicUrlPrefix: blobStorage.publicUrlPrefix,
       },
       secrets: {
         databaseUrl: database.databaseUrl,
-        openaiApiKey: configuredOpenaiApiKey,
-        hmacSecret: resolvedHmacSecret,
+        openaiApiKey,
         databaseEncryptionKey: resolvedDatabaseEncryptionKey,
         blobStorageAccessKeyId: blobStorage.accessKeyId,
         blobStorageSecretAccessKey: blobStorage.secretAccessKey,
@@ -740,7 +726,12 @@ const chart = new k8s.helm.v3.Chart(
   { dependsOn: [namespace] },
 );
 
-if (dns.provider === "cloudflare" && frontendEnabled && frontendIngress.mode === "enabled") {
+if (
+  dns.provider === "cloudflare" &&
+  frontend.mode === "enabled" &&
+  frontend.ingress.mode === "enabled"
+) {
+  const frontendHost = frontend.ingress.host;
   const frontendRecordSpec: pulumi.Output<{ type: "A" | "CNAME"; content: string }> =
     dns.targetOverride !== undefined
       ? pulumi.output(resolveCloudflareRecordSpec(dns.targetOverride, undefined))
@@ -755,7 +746,7 @@ if (dns.provider === "cloudflare" && frontendEnabled && frontendIngress.mode ===
 
   new cloudflare.DnsRecord("frontend-dns", {
     zoneId: dns.zoneId,
-    name: frontendIngress.host,
+    name: frontendHost,
     type: frontendRecordSpec.apply((spec) => spec.type),
     content: frontendRecordSpec.apply((spec) => spec.content),
     proxied: dns.proxied,
@@ -788,18 +779,17 @@ if (dns.provider === "cloudflare" && apiIngress.mode === "enabled") {
   });
 }
 
-export const frontendServiceName = frontendEnabled
-  ? pulumi.output(`${fullname}-frontend`)
-  : pulumi.output("");
+export const frontendServiceName = frontend.mode === "enabled" ? `${fullname}-frontend` : undefined;
 export const frontendHostname =
-  frontendEnabled && frontendIngress.mode === "enabled" ? frontendIngress.host : "";
+  frontend.mode === "enabled" && frontend.ingress.mode === "enabled"
+    ? frontend.ingress.host
+    : undefined;
 export const apiServiceName = pulumi.output(`${fullname}-api`);
 export const kubernetesNamespace = namespaceName;
-export const apiHostname = apiIngress.mode === "enabled" ? apiIngress.host : "";
+export const apiHostname = apiIngress.mode === "enabled" ? apiIngress.host : undefined;
 export const dnsProvider = dns.provider;
 
 export const blobStorageMode = blobStorage.mode;
 export const blobStorageBucketName = blobStorage.bucket;
-export const blobStoragePublicUrlPrefix = blobStorage.publicUrlPrefix;
 export const databaseMode = database.mode;
-export const databaseEndpoint = database.endpoint;
+export const databaseEndpoint = database.mode === "managed_aws_rds" ? database.endpoint : undefined;
diff --git a/src/typescript/shared/src/constants.ts b/src/typescript/shared/src/constants.ts
index 6f6970d..db14e33 100644
--- a/src/typescript/shared/src/constants.ts
+++ b/src/typescript/shared/src/constants.ts
@@ -1,8 +1,7 @@
-import type { InvestigationModel, InvestigationProvider } from "./enums.js";
+import type { InvestigationProvider } from "./enums.js";
 
 export const WORD_COUNT_LIMIT = 10000;
 export const POLL_INTERVAL_MS = 5000;
-export const EXTENSION_MESSAGE_PROTOCOL_VERSION = 1;
 export const MAX_BATCH_STATUS_POSTS = 100;
 export const MAX_IMAGES_PER_INVESTIGATION = 10;
 export const MAX_IMAGE_BYTES = 20_000_000;
@@ -13,4 +12,3 @@ export const MAX_OBSERVED_CONTENT_TEXT_UTF8_BYTES = 500_000;
 export const OPENAI_KEY_VALIDATION_TIMEOUT_MS = 8_000;
 
 export const DEFAULT_INVESTIGATION_PROVIDER: InvestigationProvider = "OPENAI";
-export const DEFAULT_INVESTIGATION_MODEL: InvestigationModel = "OPENAI_GPT_5";
diff --git a/src/typescript/shared/src/enums.ts b/src/typescript/shared/src/enums.ts
index 0300467..31ab858 100644
--- a/src/typescript/shared/src/enums.ts
+++ b/src/typescript/shared/src/enums.ts
@@ -13,14 +13,6 @@ export type MarkdownSource = (typeof MARKDOWN_SOURCE_VALUES)[number];
 export const INVESTIGATION_PROVIDER_VALUES = ["OPENAI", "ANTHROPIC"] as const;
 export type InvestigationProvider = (typeof INVESTIGATION_PROVIDER_VALUES)[number];
 
-export const INVESTIGATION_MODEL_VALUES = [
-  "OPENAI_GPT_5",
-  "OPENAI_GPT_5_MINI",
-  "ANTHROPIC_CLAUDE_SONNET",
-  "ANTHROPIC_CLAUDE_OPUS",
-] as const;
-export type InvestigationModel = (typeof INVESTIGATION_MODEL_VALUES)[number];
-
 export const SUPPORTED_IMAGE_MIME_TYPE_VALUES = [
   "image/jpeg",
   "image/png",
diff --git a/src/typescript/shared/src/index.ts b/src/typescript/shared/src/index.ts
index a05f390..c19439b 100644
--- a/src/typescript/shared/src/index.ts
+++ b/src/typescript/shared/src/index.ts
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ export * from "./normalize.js";
 export * from "./wikipedia-canonicalization.js";
 export * from "./wikipedia-identity.js";
 export * from "./image-occurrence-validation.js";
+export * from "./observed-images.js";
 export * from "./optional-non-empty.js";
 export * from "./constants.js";
 export * from "./trpc-paths.js";
diff --git a/src/typescript/shared/src/normalize.ts b/src/typescript/shared/src/normalize.ts
index 2de570f..1a39668 100644
--- a/src/typescript/shared/src/normalize.ts
+++ b/src/typescript/shared/src/normalize.ts
@@ -1,12 +1,3 @@
-/**
- * Block-level HTML elements whose boundaries are treated as word separators
- * during content normalization. Used by both the extension (DOM TreeWalker)
- * and API (parse5 traversal) to ensure identical output on compact HTML where
- * no whitespace text nodes exist between adjacent block elements.
- *
- * Must be kept in sync between client and server to prevent canonicalization drift.
- * Spec §3.8.
- */
 /**
  * HTML tags that never contain article prose on any platform.
  * Text inside these elements is excluded unconditionally during
@@ -14,7 +5,18 @@
  */
 export const NON_CONTENT_TAGS = new Set(["script", "style", "noscript"]);
 
-export const CONTENT_BLOCK_SEPARATOR_TAGS = new Set([
+/**
+ * HTML elements whose boundaries separate words in extracted text: block-level
+ * elements, and the line-breaking void elements `br` and `hr`, which render
+ * the text either side of them on separate lines ("hard.<br>This" reads
+ * "hard. This", not "hard.This"). Used by both the extension (DOM TreeWalker)
+ * and API (parse5 traversal) to ensure identical output on compact HTML where
+ * no whitespace text nodes exist between such elements and their neighbours.
+ *
+ * Must be kept in sync between client and server to prevent canonicalization drift.
+ * Spec §3.8.
+ */
+export const WORD_SEPARATOR_TAGS = new Set([
   "p",
   "li",
   "h1",
@@ -29,6 +31,8 @@ export const CONTENT_BLOCK_SEPARATOR_TAGS = new Set([
   "td",
   "th",
   "div",
+  "br",
+  "hr",
 ]);
 
 /**
diff --git a/src/typescript/shared/src/observed-images.ts b/src/typescript/shared/src/observed-images.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..819a6e7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/typescript/shared/src/observed-images.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+interface ObservedImageSource {
+  originalIndex: number;
+  sourceUrl: string;
+}
+
+/**
+ * The distinct image URLs of a post version, in page order. Image occurrences
+ * are the single wire representation of a post's images; this list is always
+ * derived from them rather than transmitted separately, so the two can never
+ * disagree. An absent occurrence list means no images were observed.
+ */
+export function observedImageUrlsFromOccurrences(
+  occurrences: readonly ObservedImageSource[] | undefined,
+): string[] {
+  if (occurrences === undefined) {
+    return [];
+  }
+  const inPageOrder = [...occurrences].sort(
+    (left, right) => left.originalIndex - right.originalIndex,
+  );
+  return Array.from(new Set(inPageOrder.map((occurrence) => occurrence.sourceUrl)));
+}
diff --git a/src/typescript/shared/src/schemas.ts b/src/typescript/shared/src/schemas.ts
index 088476b..837dc43 100644
--- a/src/typescript/shared/src/schemas.ts
+++ b/src/typescript/shared/src/schemas.ts
@@ -1,9 +1,15 @@
 export {
+  httpUrlSchema,
   platformSchema,
-  contentProvenanceSchema,
   utf8ByteLength,
   investigationIdSchema,
   claimIdSchema,
+  postVersionIdSchema,
+  tabSessionIdSchema,
+  lesswrongExternalIdSchema,
+  xExternalIdSchema,
+  substackExternalIdSchema,
+  wikipediaExternalIdSchema,
   investigationClaimPayloadSchema,
   investigationResultSchema,
   WIKIPEDIA_LANGUAGE_CODE_REGEX,
@@ -13,9 +19,7 @@ export {
   viewPostInputSchema,
   registerObservedVersionInputSchema,
   registerObservedVersionOutputSchema,
-  priorInvestigationResultSchema,
   viewPostOutputSchema,
-  investigationStatusOutputSchema,
   getInvestigationInputSchema,
   getInvestigationOutputSchema,
   recordViewAndGetStatusInputSchema,
@@ -31,16 +35,19 @@ export {
 } from "./schemas/settings.js";
 
 export {
+  platformContentSchema,
   extensionPostStatusSchema,
-  extensionSkippedStatusSchema,
   extensionPageStatusSchema,
-  requestInvestigateResponseSchema,
-  focusClaimResponseSchema,
-  annotationVisibilityResponseSchema,
   extensionRuntimeErrorCodeSchema,
-  extensionRuntimeErrorResponseSchema,
-  contentControlMessageSchema,
-  extensionMessageSchema,
+  BACKGROUND_REQUESTS,
+  CONTENT_REQUESTS,
+  parseBackgroundRequestPayload,
+  parseBackgroundResponseEnvelope,
+  parseContentRequestPayload,
+  parseContentResponseEnvelope,
+  type ExtensionRuntimeErrorResponse,
+  type ProtocolParseResult,
+  type ProtocolResponseEnvelope,
 } from "./schemas/extension-protocol.js";
 
 export {
@@ -49,7 +56,5 @@ export {
   searchInvestigationsInputSchema,
   getMetricsInputSchema,
   publicGetInvestigationOutputSchema,
-  publicGetPostInvestigationsOutputSchema,
   publicSearchInvestigationsOutputSchema,
-  publicGetMetricsOutputSchema,
 } from "./schemas/public-api.js";
diff --git a/src/typescript/shared/src/schemas/common.ts b/src/typescript/shared/src/schemas/common.ts
index c7ec188..64f2ebc 100644
--- a/src/typescript/shared/src/schemas/common.ts
+++ b/src/typescript/shared/src/schemas/common.ts
@@ -1,15 +1,15 @@
 import { z } from "zod";
 import { CONTENT_PROVENANCE_VALUES, PLATFORM_VALUES } from "../enums.js";
 import {
-  EXTENSION_MESSAGE_PROTOCOL_VERSION,
   MAX_OBSERVED_CONTENT_TEXT_CHARS,
   MAX_OBSERVED_CONTENT_TEXT_UTF8_BYTES,
   MAX_OBSERVED_IMAGE_OCCURRENCES,
 } from "../constants.js";
 
+export const httpUrlSchema = z.url({ protocol: /^https?$/ });
+
 export const platformSchema = z.enum(PLATFORM_VALUES);
 export const contentProvenanceSchema = z.enum(CONTENT_PROVENANCE_VALUES);
-export const postMediaStateSchema = z.enum(["text_only", "has_images", "has_video"]);
 
 const utf8Encoder = new TextEncoder();
 
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ const observedImageOccurrenceSchema = z
   .object({
     originalIndex: z.number().int().nonnegative(),
     normalizedTextOffset: z.number().int().nonnegative(),
-    sourceUrl: z.url(),
+    sourceUrl: httpUrlSchema,
     captionText: z.string().min(1).optional(),
   })
   .strict();
@@ -39,16 +39,36 @@ export const observedImageOccurrencesSchema = z
   .max(MAX_OBSERVED_IMAGE_OCCURRENCES);
 
 export const postIdSchema = z.string().min(1).brand<"PostId">();
+
+// Per-platform external ID formats. Each is a `PostId`, additionally validated
+// against the shape the platform actually issues, so a client can never report
+// e.g. a Substack slug where the numeric Substack post ID belongs.
+export const lesswrongExternalIdSchema = z
+  .string()
+  .regex(/^[A-Za-z0-9]+$/)
+  .brand<"PostId">();
+export const xExternalIdSchema = z.string().regex(/^\d+$/).brand<"PostId">();
+export const substackExternalIdSchema = z.string().regex(/^\d+$/).brand<"PostId">();
+/** `{language}:{pageId}` — see `wikipediaExternalIdFromPageId`. */
+export const wikipediaExternalIdSchema = z
+  .string()
+  .regex(/^[a-z][a-z0-9-]*:\d+$/)
+  .brand<"PostId">();
+
 export const postVersionIdSchema = z.string().min(1).brand<"PostVersionId">();
-export const sessionIdSchema = z.number().int().nonnegative().brand<"SessionId">();
+/**
+ * Identifies one content-script page session (one observed page state in one
+ * tab). Random UUIDs keep ids unique across content-script instances, so a
+ * re-injected or orphaned script can never collide with the live one.
+ */
+export const tabSessionIdSchema = z.uuid().brand<"TabSessionId">();
 export const investigationIdSchema = z.string().min(1).brand<"InvestigationId">();
 export const claimIdSchema = z.string().min(1).brand<"ClaimId">();
 export const versionHashSchema = z.string().regex(/^[a-f0-9]{64}$/i);
-export const extensionMessageProtocolVersionSchema = z.literal(EXTENSION_MESSAGE_PROTOCOL_VERSION);
 
 const claimSourceSchema = z
   .object({
-    url: z.url(),
+    url: httpUrlSchema,
     title: z.string().min(1),
     snippet: z.string().min(1),
   })
@@ -95,7 +115,7 @@ export const xMetadataSchema = z
     authorHandle: z.string().min(1),
     authorDisplayName: z.string().min(1).nullable().optional(),
     text: observedContentTextSchema,
-    mediaUrls: z.array(z.url()),
+    mediaUrls: z.array(httpUrlSchema),
     likeCount: z.number().int().nonnegative().optional(),
     retweetCount: z.number().int().nonnegative().optional(),
     postedAt: z.iso.datetime().optional(),
diff --git a/src/typescript/shared/src/schemas/extension-protocol.ts b/src/typescript/shared/src/schemas/extension-protocol.ts
index 0c1d3e6..c30806f 100644
--- a/src/typescript/shared/src/schemas/extension-protocol.ts
+++ b/src/typescript/shared/src/schemas/extension-protocol.ts
@@ -1,141 +1,147 @@
+/**
+ * Message protocol between the extension's contexts (spec §3.8.1). Every
+ * message is `{ type, payload }`; every reply is a response envelope
+ * (`{ ok: true, value }` or an `{ ok: false, error }` runtime error). Each
+ * direction has one request map from message type to payload and response
+ * schemas — the single table both senders and handlers are typed from, and
+ * that receivers validate incoming payloads against.
+ *
+ * - `BACKGROUND_REQUESTS`: content script / popup → background
+ *   (`runtime.sendMessage`).
+ * - `CONTENT_REQUESTS`: background / popup → a tab's content script
+ *   (`tabs.sendMessage`).
+ *
+ * All contexts ship in one extension bundle, so the protocol is not versioned:
+ * a content script orphaned by an extension update can no longer reach the new
+ * background at all. API compatibility is versioned separately, over HTTP
+ * (`x-openerrata-extension-version`, spec §3.3).
+ */
 import { z } from "zod";
 import {
   claimIdSchema,
   contentProvenanceSchema,
-  extensionMessageProtocolVersionSchema,
   investigationClaimPayloadSchema,
   investigationClaimSchema,
   investigationIdSchema,
+  lesswrongExternalIdSchema,
+  lesswrongMetadataSchema,
   observedContentTextSchema,
   observedImageOccurrencesSchema,
   platformSchema,
   postIdSchema,
-  postMediaStateSchema,
-  sessionIdSchema,
-  lesswrongMetadataSchema,
-  xMetadataSchema,
+  substackExternalIdSchema,
   substackMetadataSchema,
+  tabSessionIdSchema,
+  wikipediaExternalIdSchema,
   wikipediaMetadataSchema,
+  xExternalIdSchema,
+  xMetadataSchema,
 } from "./common.js";
-import {
-  getInvestigationInputSchema,
-  investigationStatusOutputSchema,
-  priorInvestigationResultSchema,
-  viewPostInputSchema,
-} from "./investigation.js";
+import { priorInvestigationResultSchema } from "./investigation.js";
 
-const focusClaimPayloadSchema = z
-  .object({
-    claimId: claimIdSchema,
-  })
-  .strict();
+// ── Observed page content ─────────────────────────────────────────────────
 
 const platformContentBaseSchema = z
   .object({
-    externalId: z.string().min(1),
     url: z.url(),
-    // Normalized plain text as observed by the client.
-    // Textless content is currently treated as unsupported.
+    // Normalized plain text as observed by the client. Textless content is
+    // skipped (`no_text`) before it is ever sent.
     contentText: observedContentTextSchema,
-    mediaState: postMediaStateSchema,
-    imageUrls: z.array(z.url()),
-    imageOccurrences: observedImageOccurrencesSchema.optional(),
-  })
-  .strict();
-
-const lesswrongPlatformContentSchema = platformContentBaseSchema
-  .extend({
-    platform: z.literal("LESSWRONG"),
-    metadata: lesswrongMetadataSchema,
-  })
-  .strict();
-
-const xPlatformContentSchema = platformContentBaseSchema
-  .extend({
-    platform: z.literal("X"),
-    metadata: xMetadataSchema,
-  })
-  .strict();
-
-const substackPlatformContentSchema = platformContentBaseSchema
-  .extend({
-    platform: z.literal("SUBSTACK"),
-    metadata: substackMetadataSchema,
-  })
-  .strict();
-
-const wikipediaPlatformContentSchema = platformContentBaseSchema
-  .extend({
-    platform: z.literal("WIKIPEDIA"),
-    metadata: wikipediaMetadataSchema,
+    // Video makes a post non-analyzable; images do not (spec §2.4.2).
+    hasVideo: z.boolean(),
+    // Every observed image, in page order. The single source of image data:
+    // image URLs and "has images" are derived from it.
+    imageOccurrences: observedImageOccurrencesSchema,
   })
   .strict();
 
-const platformContentSchema = z.discriminatedUnion("platform", [
-  lesswrongPlatformContentSchema,
-  xPlatformContentSchema,
-  substackPlatformContentSchema,
-  wikipediaPlatformContentSchema,
+export const platformContentSchema = z.discriminatedUnion("platform", [
+  platformContentBaseSchema
+    .extend({
+      platform: z.literal("LESSWRONG"),
+      externalId: lesswrongExternalIdSchema,
+      metadata: lesswrongMetadataSchema,
+    })
+    .strict(),
+  platformContentBaseSchema
+    .extend({
+      platform: z.literal("X"),
+      externalId: xExternalIdSchema,
+      metadata: xMetadataSchema,
+    })
+    .strict(),
+  platformContentBaseSchema
+    .extend({
+      platform: z.literal("SUBSTACK"),
+      externalId: substackExternalIdSchema,
+      metadata: substackMetadataSchema,
+    })
+    .strict(),
+  platformContentBaseSchema
+    .extend({
+      platform: z.literal("WIKIPEDIA"),
+      externalId: wikipediaExternalIdSchema,
+      metadata: wikipediaMetadataSchema,
+    })
+    .strict(),
 ]);
 
+// ── Per-tab page status (background cache, popup, content script) ─────────
+
 const extensionPostStatusBaseSchema = z
   .object({
     kind: z.literal("POST"),
-    tabSessionId: sessionIdSchema,
+    tabSessionId: tabSessionIdSchema,
     platform: platformSchema,
     externalId: postIdSchema,
     pageUrl: z.url(),
-    investigationId: investigationIdSchema.optional(),
-  })
-  .strict();
-
-const extensionPostNotInvestigatedSchema = extensionPostStatusBaseSchema
-  .extend({
-    investigationState: z.literal("NOT_INVESTIGATED"),
-    priorInvestigationResult: priorInvestigationResultSchema.nullable(),
-  })
-  .strict();
-
-const extensionPostInvestigatingSchema = extensionPostStatusBaseSchema
-  .extend({
-    investigationState: z.literal("INVESTIGATING"),
-    status: z.union([z.literal("PENDING"), z.literal("PROCESSING")]),
-    provenance: contentProvenanceSchema,
-    pendingClaims: z.array(investigationClaimPayloadSchema),
-    confirmedClaims: z.array(investigationClaimPayloadSchema),
-    priorInvestigationResult: priorInvestigationResultSchema.nullable(),
-  })
-  .strict();
-
-const extensionPostFailedSchema = extensionPostStatusBaseSchema
-  .extend({
-    investigationState: z.literal("FAILED"),
-    provenance: contentProvenanceSchema,
-  })
-  .strict();
-
-const extensionPostApiErrorSchema = extensionPostStatusBaseSchema
-  .extend({
-    investigationState: z.literal("API_ERROR"),
-  })
-  .strict();
-
-const extensionPostInvestigatedSchema = extensionPostStatusBaseSchema
-  .extend({
-    investigationState: z.literal("INVESTIGATED"),
-    provenance: contentProvenanceSchema,
-    claims: z.array(investigationClaimSchema),
   })
   .strict();
 
 export const extensionPostStatusSchema = z.discriminatedUnion("investigationState", [
-  extensionPostNotInvestigatedSchema,
-  extensionPostInvestigatingSchema,
-  extensionPostFailedSchema,
-  extensionPostApiErrorSchema,
-  extensionPostInvestigatedSchema,
+  extensionPostStatusBaseSchema
+    .extend({
+      investigationState: z.literal("NOT_INVESTIGATED"),
+      priorInvestigationResult: priorInvestigationResultSchema.nullable(),
+    })
+    .strict(),
+  extensionPostStatusBaseSchema
+    .extend({
+      investigationState: z.literal("INVESTIGATING"),
+      investigationId: investigationIdSchema,
+      status: z.union([z.literal("PENDING"), z.literal("PROCESSING")]),
+      provenance: contentProvenanceSchema,
+      pendingClaims: z.array(investigationClaimPayloadSchema),
+      confirmedClaims: z.array(investigationClaimPayloadSchema),
+      priorInvestigationResult: priorInvestigationResultSchema.nullable(),
+    })
+    .strict(),
+  extensionPostStatusBaseSchema
+    .extend({
+      investigationState: z.literal("FAILED"),
+      investigationId: investigationIdSchema,
+      provenance: contentProvenanceSchema,
+    })
+    .strict(),
+  // The extension could not obtain a status from the API (network failure,
+  // incompatible extension version, invalid settings, ...). Unlike FAILED,
+  // this says nothing about any server-side investigation.
+  extensionPostStatusBaseSchema
+    .extend({
+      investigationState: z.literal("API_ERROR"),
+    })
+    .strict(),
+  extensionPostStatusBaseSchema
+    .extend({
+      investigationState: z.literal("INVESTIGATED"),
+      investigationId: investigationIdSchema,
+      provenance: contentProvenanceSchema,
+      claims: z.array(investigationClaimSchema),
+    })
+    .strict(),
 ]);
 
+/** Skip reasons, spec §3.8 "All skip reasons". */
 const extensionSkippedReasonSchema = z.enum([
   "has_video",
   "word_count",
@@ -144,49 +150,40 @@ const extensionSkippedReasonSchema = z.enum([
   "unsupported_content",
 ]);
 
-export const extensionSkippedStatusSchema = z
+/**
+ * A supported page the extension deliberately does not send to the API.
+ * Skipped pages are identified by URL only: a skip can happen before the
+ * platform's post ID is known (e.g. a Substack paywall or an unrenderable
+ * tweet), so no external ID is reported for them.
+ */
+const extensionSkippedStatusSchema = z
   .object({
     kind: z.literal("SKIPPED"),
-    tabSessionId: sessionIdSchema,
+    tabSessionId: tabSessionIdSchema,
     platform: platformSchema,
-    externalId: postIdSchema,
     pageUrl: z.url(),
     reason: extensionSkippedReasonSchema,
   })
   .strict();
 
-export const extensionPageStatusSchema = z.union([
+export const extensionPageStatusSchema = z.discriminatedUnion("kind", [
   extensionPostStatusSchema,
   extensionSkippedStatusSchema,
 ]);
 
-export const requestInvestigateResponseSchema = z
-  .object({
-    ok: z.boolean(),
-  })
-  .strict();
-
-export const focusClaimResponseSchema = z
-  .object({
-    ok: z.boolean(),
-  })
-  .strict();
-
-export const annotationVisibilityResponseSchema = z
-  .object({
-    visible: z.boolean(),
-  })
-  .strict();
+// ── Responses ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
 
 export const extensionRuntimeErrorCodeSchema = z.enum([
   "PAYLOAD_TOO_LARGE",
   "UPGRADE_REQUIRED",
   "MALFORMED_EXTENSION_VERSION",
   "INVALID_EXTENSION_MESSAGE",
-  "UNSUPPORTED_PROTOCOL_VERSION",
+  // Stored settings are unusable (invalid API URL, or no host permission for
+  // it); retrying cannot help until the user fixes them in the options page.
+  "INVALID_EXTENSION_SETTINGS",
 ]);
 
-export const extensionRuntimeErrorResponseSchema = z
+const extensionRuntimeErrorResponseSchema = z
   .object({
     ok: z.literal(false),
     error: z.string().min(1),
@@ -194,102 +191,151 @@ export const extensionRuntimeErrorResponseSchema = z
   })
   .strict();
 
-function extensionMessageWithPayload<TType extends string, TPayload extends z.ZodType>(
-  type: TType,
-  payload: TPayload,
-) {
-  return z
-    .object({
-      v: extensionMessageProtocolVersionSchema,
-      type: z.literal(type),
-      payload,
-    })
-    .strict();
+function extensionResponseEnvelopeSchema<TValue extends z.ZodType>(value: TValue) {
+  return z.discriminatedUnion("ok", [
+    z.object({ ok: z.literal(true), value }).strict(),
+    extensionRuntimeErrorResponseSchema,
+  ]);
 }
 
-function extensionMessageWithoutPayload<TType extends string>(type: TType) {
-  return z
-    .object({
-      v: extensionMessageProtocolVersionSchema,
-      type: z.literal(type),
-    })
-    .strict();
-}
+const annotationVisibilitySchema = z.object({ visible: z.boolean() }).strict();
 
-const requestInvestigateMessageSchema = extensionMessageWithoutPayload("REQUEST_INVESTIGATE");
-
-const showAnnotationsMessageSchema = extensionMessageWithoutPayload("SHOW_ANNOTATIONS");
+/** Whether the popup may show a status for the tab, or must show an upgrade notice. */
+const tabStatusResponseSchema = z.discriminatedUnion("kind", [
+  z.object({ kind: z.literal("UPGRADE_REQUIRED"), message: z.string().min(1) }).strict(),
+  z.object({ kind: z.literal("STATUS"), status: extensionPageStatusSchema.nullable() }).strict(),
+]);
 
-const hideAnnotationsMessageSchema = extensionMessageWithoutPayload("HIDE_ANNOTATIONS");
+// ── Request maps ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
 
-const getAnnotationVisibilityMessageSchema = extensionMessageWithoutPayload(
-  "GET_ANNOTATION_VISIBILITY",
-);
+interface RequestDefinition {
+  payload: z.ZodType;
+  response: z.ZodType;
+}
 
-const focusClaimMessageSchema = extensionMessageWithPayload("FOCUS_CLAIM", focusClaimPayloadSchema);
+export const BACKGROUND_REQUESTS = {
+  /** A tracked post's content; returns the status cached for that page session. */
+  PAGE_CONTENT: {
+    payload: z
+      .object({ tabSessionId: tabSessionIdSchema, content: platformContentSchema })
+      .strict(),
+    response: extensionPostStatusSchema,
+  },
+  PAGE_SKIPPED: {
+    payload: extensionSkippedStatusSchema.omit({ kind: true }).strict(),
+    response: z.null(),
+  },
+  /** The page session ended (navigation or new content); its status is discarded. */
+  PAGE_RESET: {
+    payload: z.object({ tabSessionId: tabSessionIdSchema }).strict(),
+    response: z.null(),
+  },
+  INVESTIGATE_NOW: {
+    payload: z
+      .object({ tabSessionId: tabSessionIdSchema, content: platformContentSchema })
+      .strict(),
+    response: extensionPostStatusSchema,
+  },
+  /** Popup read of a tab's cached status. */
+  GET_TAB_STATUS: {
+    payload: z.object({ tabId: z.number().int().nonnegative() }).strict(),
+    response: tabStatusResponseSchema,
+  },
+} as const satisfies Record<string, RequestDefinition>;
+
+export const CONTENT_REQUESTS = {
+  /** Liveness probe; must have no side effects. */
+  PING: { payload: z.null(), response: z.object({ alive: z.literal(true) }).strict() },
+  /** Pure read of highlight visibility; must have no side effects. */
+  GET_VISIBILITY: { payload: z.null(), response: annotationVisibilitySchema },
+  SHOW_ANNOTATIONS: { payload: z.null(), response: annotationVisibilitySchema },
+  HIDE_ANNOTATIONS: { payload: z.null(), response: annotationVisibilitySchema },
+  /** Investigate the post in the current page session; `ok: false` when there is none. */
+  REQUEST_INVESTIGATE: { payload: z.null(), response: z.object({ ok: z.boolean() }).strict() },
+  FOCUS_CLAIM: {
+    payload: z.object({ claimId: claimIdSchema }).strict(),
+    response: z.object({ ok: z.boolean() }).strict(),
+  },
+  /**
+   * The page changed its URL through the History API. Content scripts run in
+   * an isolated world and cannot observe the page's `pushState` calls, so the
+   * background relays `webNavigation.onHistoryStateUpdated`.
+   */
+  LOCATION_CHANGED: { payload: z.null(), response: z.null() },
+  /** The background cached a new status for this tab. */
+  STATUS_CHANGED: {
+    payload: z.object({ status: extensionPageStatusSchema }).strict(),
+    response: z.null(),
+  },
+} as const satisfies Record<string, RequestDefinition>;
+
+type BackgroundRequests = typeof BACKGROUND_REQUESTS;
+type ContentRequests = typeof CONTENT_REQUESTS;
+
+/** Outcome of validating an incoming message part against the protocol. */
+export type ProtocolParseResult<Value> =
+  | { success: true; data: Value }
+  | { success: false; error: string };
+
+export type ExtensionRuntimeErrorResponse = z.infer<typeof extensionRuntimeErrorResponseSchema>;
+
+/** A response envelope whose `ok: true` value has been validated. */
+export type ProtocolResponseEnvelope<Value> =
+  | { ok: true; value: Value }
+  | ExtensionRuntimeErrorResponse;
+
+// The helpers below validate against the schema registered for `type`. The
+// compiler cannot relate the (union-typed) parse result back to the generic
+// `Type`, so each states that relation once, right after validation.
+
+export function parseBackgroundRequestPayload<Type extends keyof BackgroundRequests>(
+  type: Type,
+  payload: unknown,
+): ProtocolParseResult<z.output<BackgroundRequests[Type]["payload"]>> {
+  const result = BACKGROUND_REQUESTS[type].payload.safeParse(payload);
+  if (!result.success) return { success: false, error: result.error.message };
+  // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-unsafe-type-assertion -- validated by the schema registered for `type`
+  return { success: true, data: result.data as z.output<BackgroundRequests[Type]["payload"]> };
+}
 
-const contentControlMessageSchemas = [
-  requestInvestigateMessageSchema,
-  showAnnotationsMessageSchema,
-  hideAnnotationsMessageSchema,
-  getAnnotationVisibilityMessageSchema,
-  focusClaimMessageSchema,
-] as const;
+export function parseBackgroundResponseEnvelope<Type extends keyof BackgroundRequests>(
+  type: Type,
+  response: unknown,
+): ProtocolParseResult<ProtocolResponseEnvelope<z.output<BackgroundRequests[Type]["response"]>>> {
+  const result = extensionResponseEnvelopeSchema(BACKGROUND_REQUESTS[type].response).safeParse(
+    response,
+  );
+  if (!result.success) return { success: false, error: result.error.message };
+  if (!result.data.ok) return { success: true, data: result.data };
+  return {
+    success: true,
+    // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-unsafe-type-assertion -- validated by the schema registered for `type`
+    data: { ok: true, value: result.data.value as z.output<BackgroundRequests[Type]["response"]> },
+  };
+}
 
-export const contentControlMessageSchema = z.union(contentControlMessageSchemas);
+export function parseContentRequestPayload<Type extends keyof ContentRequests>(
+  type: Type,
+  payload: unknown,
+): ProtocolParseResult<z.output<ContentRequests[Type]["payload"]>> {
+  const result = CONTENT_REQUESTS[type].payload.safeParse(payload);
+  if (!result.success) return { success: false, error: result.error.message };
+  // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-unsafe-type-assertion -- validated by the schema registered for `type`
+  return { success: true, data: result.data as z.output<ContentRequests[Type]["payload"]> };
+}
 
-export const extensionMessageSchema = z.discriminatedUnion("type", [
-  extensionMessageWithPayload(
-    "PAGE_CONTENT",
-    z
-      .object({
-        tabSessionId: sessionIdSchema,
-        content: platformContentSchema,
-      })
-      .strict(),
-  ),
-  extensionMessageWithPayload(
-    "PAGE_SKIPPED",
-    z
-      .object({
-        tabSessionId: sessionIdSchema,
-        platform: platformSchema,
-        externalId: postIdSchema,
-        pageUrl: z.url(),
-        reason: extensionSkippedReasonSchema,
-      })
-      .strict(),
-  ),
-  extensionMessageWithPayload(
-    "PAGE_RESET",
-    z
-      .object({
-        tabSessionId: sessionIdSchema,
-      })
-      .strict(),
-  ),
-  extensionMessageWithPayload(
-    "GET_STATUS",
-    getInvestigationInputSchema
-      .extend({
-        tabSessionId: sessionIdSchema.optional(),
-      })
-      .strict(),
-  ),
-  extensionMessageWithPayload(
-    "INVESTIGATE_NOW",
-    z
-      .object({
-        tabSessionId: sessionIdSchema,
-        request: viewPostInputSchema,
-      })
-      .strict(),
-  ),
-  ...contentControlMessageSchemas,
-  extensionMessageWithoutPayload("GET_CACHED"),
-  extensionMessageWithPayload("STATUS_RESPONSE", investigationStatusOutputSchema),
-  extensionMessageWithPayload(
-    "ANNOTATIONS",
-    z.object({ claims: z.array(investigationClaimSchema) }).strict(),
-  ),
-]);
+export function parseContentResponseEnvelope<Type extends keyof ContentRequests>(
+  type: Type,
+  response: unknown,
+): ProtocolParseResult<ProtocolResponseEnvelope<z.output<ContentRequests[Type]["response"]>>> {
+  const result = extensionResponseEnvelopeSchema(CONTENT_REQUESTS[type].response).safeParse(
+    response,
+  );
+  if (!result.success) return { success: false, error: result.error.message };
+  if (!result.data.ok) return { success: true, data: result.data };
+  return {
+    success: true,
+    // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-unsafe-type-assertion -- validated by the schema registered for `type`
+    data: { ok: true, value: result.data.value as z.output<ContentRequests[Type]["response"]> },
+  };
+}
diff --git a/src/typescript/shared/src/schemas/investigation.ts b/src/typescript/shared/src/schemas/investigation.ts
index d6483f1..3eb5fd5 100644
--- a/src/typescript/shared/src/schemas/investigation.ts
+++ b/src/typescript/shared/src/schemas/investigation.ts
@@ -19,7 +19,9 @@ import {
 const versionedPostInputSharedSchema = z
   .object({
     url: z.url(),
-    observedImageUrls: z.array(z.url()).optional(),
+    // Every image the client observed, in page order. This is the only image
+    // representation on the wire; the unique image URL list is derived from it
+    // (`observedImageUrlsFromOccurrences`). Omitted means no images were observed.
     observedImageOccurrences: observedImageOccurrencesSchema.optional(),
   })
   .strict();
@@ -134,17 +136,19 @@ const investigationStatusInvestigatedSchema = z
   })
   .strict();
 
+/**
+ * Status of the investigation (if any) for one post version, as returned by
+ * `recordViewAndGetStatus`. Every variant that refers to an existing
+ * investigation carries its id, so a client that did not start the
+ * investigation itself can still poll `getInvestigation` for progress.
+ */
 export const viewPostOutputSchema = z.discriminatedUnion("investigationState", [
   investigationStatusNotInvestigatedSchema,
-  investigationStatusInvestigatingSchema,
-  investigationStatusInvestigatedSchema,
-]);
-
-export const investigationStatusOutputSchema = z.discriminatedUnion("investigationState", [
-  investigationStatusNotInvestigatedSchema,
-  investigationStatusInvestigatingSchema,
-  investigationStatusFailedSchema,
-  investigationStatusInvestigatedSchema,
+  investigationStatusInvestigatingSchema
+    .extend({ investigationId: investigationIdSchema })
+    .strict(),
+  investigationStatusFailedSchema.extend({ investigationId: investigationIdSchema }).strict(),
+  investigationStatusInvestigatedSchema.extend({ investigationId: investigationIdSchema }).strict(),
 ]);
 
 export const getInvestigationInputSchema = z
@@ -153,22 +157,12 @@ export const getInvestigationInputSchema = z
   })
   .strict();
 
+// `checkedAt` is set iff an investigation is COMPLETE (DB invariant
+// INV-INV-CHECKED-AT-CONSISTENCY), so only the INVESTIGATED variant carries it.
 export const getInvestigationOutputSchema = z.discriminatedUnion("investigationState", [
-  investigationStatusNotInvestigatedSchema
-    .extend({
-      checkedAt: z.iso.datetime().optional(),
-    })
-    .strict(),
-  investigationStatusInvestigatingSchema
-    .extend({
-      checkedAt: z.iso.datetime().optional(),
-    })
-    .strict(),
-  investigationStatusFailedSchema
-    .extend({
-      checkedAt: z.iso.datetime().optional(),
-    })
-    .strict(),
+  investigationStatusNotInvestigatedSchema,
+  investigationStatusInvestigatingSchema,
+  investigationStatusFailedSchema,
   investigationStatusInvestigatedSchema
     .extend({
       checkedAt: z.iso.datetime(),
diff --git a/src/typescript/shared/src/schemas/public-api.ts b/src/typescript/shared/src/schemas/public-api.ts
index ee4af2c..adf0a39 100644
--- a/src/typescript/shared/src/schemas/public-api.ts
+++ b/src/typescript/shared/src/schemas/public-api.ts
@@ -1,10 +1,13 @@
 import { z } from "zod";
+import { INVESTIGATION_PROVIDER_VALUES } from "../enums.js";
 import {
+  claimIdSchema,
+  contentProvenanceSchema,
+  httpUrlSchema,
   investigationIdSchema,
   platformSchema,
   postIdSchema,
   versionHashSchema,
-  contentProvenanceSchema,
   investigationClaimSchema,
 } from "./common.js";
 
@@ -61,18 +64,38 @@ export const getMetricsInputSchema = z
   })
   .strict();
 
-const publicInvestigationOriginSchema = z
-  .object({
-    provenance: contentProvenanceSchema,
-    serverVerifiedAt: z.iso.datetime().optional(),
-  })
-  .strict();
+/*
+ * Output schemas below describe the public GraphQL wire format: nullable
+ * fields are present with `null`, never omitted.
+ */
+
+/**
+ * `provenance` is the immutable snapshot of how the investigated content was
+ * obtained; `serverVerifiedAt` is the post version's verification latch. A
+ * SERVER_VERIFIED investigation ran on verified content, so its latch is
+ * always set. A CLIENT_FALLBACK investigation's latch may be set later, when a
+ * subsequent server fetch verifies the same content.
+ */
+const publicInvestigationOriginSchema = z.discriminatedUnion("provenance", [
+  z
+    .object({
+      provenance: contentProvenanceSchema.extract(["SERVER_VERIFIED"]),
+      serverVerifiedAt: z.iso.datetime(),
+    })
+    .strict(),
+  z
+    .object({
+      provenance: contentProvenanceSchema.extract(["CLIENT_FALLBACK"]),
+      serverVerifiedAt: z.iso.datetime().nullable(),
+    })
+    .strict(),
+]);
 
 const publicPostSchema = z
   .object({
     platform: platformSchema,
     externalId: postIdSchema,
-    url: z.url(),
+    url: httpUrlSchema,
   })
   .strict();
 
@@ -82,7 +105,8 @@ const publicInvestigationMetadataSchema = z
     corroborationCount: z.number().int().nonnegative(),
     checkedAt: z.iso.datetime(),
     promptVersion: z.string().min(1),
-    provider: z.string().min(1),
+    provider: z.enum(INVESTIGATION_PROVIDER_VALUES),
+    /** The provider's model id that produced the result, e.g. "gpt-6.1-sol". */
     model: z.string().min(1),
     origin: publicInvestigationOriginSchema,
   })
@@ -99,30 +123,11 @@ export const publicGetInvestigationOutputSchema = z
 
 const claimSummarySchema = z
   .object({
-    id: z.string().min(1),
+    id: claimIdSchema,
     summary: z.string().min(1),
   })
   .strict();
 
-export const publicGetPostInvestigationsOutputSchema = z
-  .object({
-    post: publicPostSchema.nullable(),
-    investigations: z.array(
-      z
-        .object({
-          id: investigationIdSchema,
-          contentHash: versionHashSchema,
-          corroborationCount: z.number().int().nonnegative(),
-          checkedAt: z.iso.datetime(),
-          claimCount: z.number().int().nonnegative(),
-          claimSummaries: z.array(claimSummarySchema),
-          origin: publicInvestigationOriginSchema,
-        })
-        .strict(),
-    ),
-  })
-  .strict();
-
 export const publicSearchInvestigationsOutputSchema = z
   .object({
     investigations: z.array(
@@ -133,7 +138,7 @@ export const publicSearchInvestigationsOutputSchema = z
           checkedAt: z.iso.datetime(),
           platform: platformSchema,
           externalId: postIdSchema,
-          url: z.url(),
+          url: httpUrlSchema,
           corroborationCount: z.number().int().nonnegative(),
           claimCount: z.number().int().nonnegative(),
           claimSummaries: z.array(claimSummarySchema),
@@ -144,11 +149,3 @@ export const publicSearchInvestigationsOutputSchema = z
     hasMore: z.boolean(),
   })
   .strict();
-
-export const publicGetMetricsOutputSchema = z
-  .object({
-    totalInvestigatedPosts: z.number().int().nonnegative(),
-    investigatedPostsWithFlags: z.number().int().nonnegative(),
-    factCheckIncidence: z.number().nonnegative(),
-  })
-  .strict();
diff --git a/src/typescript/shared/src/types.ts b/src/typescript/shared/src/types.ts
index 649b96e..56cdec5 100644
--- a/src/typescript/shared/src/types.ts
+++ b/src/typescript/shared/src/types.ts
@@ -17,32 +17,13 @@ export type InvestigationClaimPayload = z.infer<
 
 export type ClaimId = z.infer<typeof import("./schemas.js").claimIdSchema>;
 
-// ── Platform metadata contracts ───────────────────────────────────────────
-export interface PlatformMetadataByPlatform {
-  LESSWRONG: Extract<
-    z.infer<typeof import("./schemas.js").viewPostInputSchema>,
-    { platform: "LESSWRONG" }
-  >["metadata"];
-  X: Extract<
-    z.infer<typeof import("./schemas.js").viewPostInputSchema>,
-    { platform: "X" }
-  >["metadata"];
-  SUBSTACK: Extract<
-    z.infer<typeof import("./schemas.js").viewPostInputSchema>,
-    { platform: "SUBSTACK" }
-  >["metadata"];
-  WIKIPEDIA: Extract<
-    z.infer<typeof import("./schemas.js").viewPostInputSchema>,
-    { platform: "WIKIPEDIA" }
-  >["metadata"];
-}
+export type InvestigationId = z.infer<typeof import("./schemas.js").investigationIdSchema>;
+
+export type PostId = z.infer<typeof import("./schemas/common.js").postIdSchema>;
 
 // ── Platform adapter (spec §3.8) ──────────────────────────────────────────
 
-export type PlatformContent = Extract<
-  z.infer<typeof import("./schemas.js").extensionMessageSchema>,
-  { type: "PAGE_CONTENT" }
->["payload"]["content"];
+export type PlatformContent = z.infer<typeof import("./schemas.js").platformContentSchema>;
 
 export type ObservedImageOccurrence = NonNullable<
   z.infer<typeof import("./schemas.js").viewPostInputSchema>["observedImageOccurrences"]
@@ -71,10 +52,6 @@ export type RecordViewAndGetStatusInputWire = z.input<
   typeof import("./schemas.js").recordViewAndGetStatusInputSchema
 >;
 
-export type InvestigationStatusOutput = z.infer<
-  typeof import("./schemas.js").investigationStatusOutputSchema
->;
-
 export type GetInvestigationInput = z.infer<
   typeof import("./schemas.js").getInvestigationInputSchema
 >;
@@ -160,9 +137,7 @@ export type ExtensionApiInput<P extends ExtensionApiProcedurePath> =
 
 export type ExtensionPostStatus = z.infer<typeof import("./schemas.js").extensionPostStatusSchema>;
 
-export type ExtensionSkippedStatus = z.infer<
-  typeof import("./schemas.js").extensionSkippedStatusSchema
->;
+export type ExtensionSkippedStatus = Extract<ExtensionPageStatus, { kind: "SKIPPED" }>;
 
 export type ExtensionSkippedReason = ExtensionSkippedStatus["reason"];
 
@@ -172,6 +147,23 @@ export type ExtensionRuntimeErrorCode = z.infer<
   typeof import("./schemas.js").extensionRuntimeErrorCodeSchema
 >;
 
-// ── Extension message protocol ────────────────────────────────────────────
+export type TabSessionId = z.infer<typeof import("./schemas.js").tabSessionIdSchema>;
+
+// ── Extension message protocol (spec §3.8.1) ──────────────────────────────
 
-export type ExtensionMessage = z.infer<typeof import("./schemas.js").extensionMessageSchema>;
+type BackgroundRequests = typeof import("./schemas.js").BACKGROUND_REQUESTS;
+type ContentRequests = typeof import("./schemas.js").CONTENT_REQUESTS;
+
+export type BackgroundRequestType = keyof BackgroundRequests;
+export type BackgroundRequestPayload<T extends BackgroundRequestType> = z.infer<
+  BackgroundRequests[T]["payload"]
+>;
+export type BackgroundResponse<T extends BackgroundRequestType> = z.infer<
+  BackgroundRequests[T]["response"]
+>;
+
+export type ContentRequestType = keyof ContentRequests;
+export type ContentRequestPayload<T extends ContentRequestType> = z.infer<
+  ContentRequests[T]["payload"]
+>;
+export type ContentResponse<T extends ContentRequestType> = z.infer<ContentRequests[T]["response"]>;
diff --git a/src/typescript/shared/src/version-identity.ts b/src/typescript/shared/src/version-identity.ts
index 1e7a4fe..3604a82 100644
--- a/src/typescript/shared/src/version-identity.ts
+++ b/src/typescript/shared/src/version-identity.ts
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import { validateAndSortImageOccurrences } from "./image-occurrence-validation.js";
 
-export interface VersionIdentityImageOccurrence {
+interface VersionIdentityImageOccurrence {
   originalIndex: number;
   normalizedTextOffset: number;
   sourceUrl: string;
diff --git a/src/typescript/shared/src/wikipedia-canonicalization.ts b/src/typescript/shared/src/wikipedia-canonicalization.ts
index ace625d..651124d 100644
--- a/src/typescript/shared/src/wikipedia-canonicalization.ts
+++ b/src/typescript/shared/src/wikipedia-canonicalization.ts
@@ -96,16 +96,112 @@ export function effectiveHeadingText(
   return node.textContent;
 }
 
-export const WIKIPEDIA_EXCLUDED_SECTION_TITLES = [
-  "references",
-  "notes",
-  "further reading",
-  "external links",
-  "bibliography",
-  "sources",
-  "citations",
-] as const;
+/**
+ * Appendix sections that list citations, sources and outbound links rather
+ * than carry article prose, by title (compared after
+ * `normalizeWikipediaSectionTitle`). Section titles are the one signal here
+ * that is per-language: these are the same kinds of section English excludes,
+ * as titled on the largest Wikipedias, taken from the titles those wikis' own
+ * articles use. A title matches on any wiki, since some wikis' articles use
+ * another language's titles. "See also" sections and their equivalents stay:
+ * English keeps them.
+ */
+const WIKIPEDIA_EXCLUDED_SECTION_TITLES_BY_LANGUAGE = {
+  en: [
+    "references",
+    "notes",
+    "further reading",
+    "external links",
+    "bibliography",
+    "sources",
+    "citations",
+  ],
+  de: [
+    "einzelnachweise",
+    "nachweise",
+    "belege",
+    "anmerkungen",
+    "fußnoten",
+    "literatur",
+    "weiterführende literatur",
+    "weblinks",
+    "quellen",
+  ],
+  fr: ["notes et références", "références", "bibliographie", "liens externes", "lien externe"],
+  es: [
+    "referencias",
+    "notas",
+    "bibliografía",
+    "bibliografía consultada",
+    "bibliografía básica",
+    "enlaces externos",
+    "enlace externo",
+    "fuentes",
+    "fuente",
+  ],
+  it: ["note", "bibliografia", "collegamenti esterni", "altri progetti", "fonti"],
+  pt: [
+    "referências",
+    "notas",
+    "notas explicativas",
+    "bibliografia",
+    "leitura adicional",
+    "ligações externas",
+    "links externos",
+    "fontes",
+  ],
+  nl: [
+    "noten",
+    "voetnoten",
+    "referenties",
+    "bronnen",
+    "bronvermelding",
+    "literatuur",
+    "externe links",
+    "externe link",
+  ],
+  pl: ["przypisy", "uwagi", "bibliografia", "dalsza literatura", "linki zewnętrzne"],
+  ru: ["примечания", "комментарии", "литература", "библиография", "источники", "ссылки"],
+  ja: ["脚注", "注釈", "出典", "参考文献", "参考", "読書案内", "外部リンク"],
+  // zh.wikipedia serves each reader their script variant, so both forms occur.
+  zh: [
+    "注释",
+    "註釋",
+    "注解",
+    "註解",
+    "脚注",
+    "腳註",
+    "参考文献",
+    "參考文獻",
+    "参考资料",
+    "參考資料",
+    "参考来源",
+    "參考來源",
+    "参考",
+    "參考",
+    "来源",
+    "來源",
+    "延伸阅读",
+    "延伸閱讀",
+    "扩展阅读",
+    "擴展閱讀",
+    "进阶读物",
+    "進階讀物",
+    "外部链接",
+    "外部鏈接",
+    "外部連結",
+  ],
+} as const satisfies Record<string, readonly string[]>;
+
+export const WIKIPEDIA_EXCLUDED_SECTION_TITLES: readonly string[] = Object.values(
+  WIKIPEDIA_EXCLUDED_SECTION_TITLES_BY_LANGUAGE,
+).flat();
 
+/**
+ * Class tokens of non-prose elements. The conventions MediaWiki and its
+ * communities apply on every wiki come first; the per-wiki tokens after them
+ * cover boxes those conventions miss.
+ */
 const WIKIPEDIA_EXCLUDED_CLASS_TOKENS = [
   // Navigation / metadata
   "mw-editsection",
@@ -119,15 +215,38 @@ const WIKIPEDIA_EXCLUDED_CLASS_TOKENS = [
   "noprint",
   "navbox",
   "vertical-navbox",
+  // Blocks about the article rather than of it: maintenance and quality
+  // banners, sister-project boxes, person-data tables, French "main article"
+  // banners.
+  "metadata",
+  // What Wikimedia's search index leaves out as navigation: hatnotes ("For
+  // other uses, see …"), navboxes, authority-control boxes.
+  "navigation-not-searchable",
+  // Per-wiki boxes that carry neither convention above: fr.wikipedia's portal
+  // bar; nl.wikipedia's appendix box (sources, footnotes and external links
+  // under bold labels rather than section headings) and sister-project boxes.
+  "bandeau-portail",
+  "appendix",
+  "interproject",
+  "interprojecttemplate",
   // Interactive UI injected by Wikipedia's JavaScript — not present in the
   // Wikipedia Parse API response and not article content.
   "mw-collapsible-toggle", // "show"/"hide" toggle buttons on collapsible infobox rows
   "mw-tmh-player", // Video/audio player wrapper added by TimedMediaHandler JS
   // (contains "Duration: N seconds." and time display)
+  "cachelinks", // fr.wikipedia gadget appending "[archive]" (Wikiwix) after external links
 ] as const;
 
+/**
+ * ARIA roles of non-prose landmarks. Navboxes, series sidebars and "main
+ * article" links declare `role="navigation"` on every wiki, whatever their
+ * per-wiki class names.
+ */
+const WIKIPEDIA_EXCLUDED_ROLES = ["navigation"] as const;
+
 const WIKIPEDIA_EXCLUDED_SECTION_TITLE_SET = new Set<string>(WIKIPEDIA_EXCLUDED_SECTION_TITLES);
 const WIKIPEDIA_EXCLUDED_CLASS_TOKEN_SET = new Set<string>(WIKIPEDIA_EXCLUDED_CLASS_TOKENS);
+const WIKIPEDIA_EXCLUDED_ROLE_SET = new Set<string>(WIKIPEDIA_EXCLUDED_ROLES);
 
 export function normalizeWikipediaSectionTitle(value: string): string {
   return normalizeContent(value).toLowerCase();
@@ -152,15 +271,25 @@ function isExcludedWikipediaTag(tagName: string): boolean {
   return NON_CONTENT_TAGS.has(tagName.toLowerCase());
 }
 
+function isExcludedWikipediaRole(role: string | null): boolean {
+  return role !== null && WIKIPEDIA_EXCLUDED_ROLE_SET.has(role.trim().toLowerCase());
+}
+
+/** What the exclusion predicate reads of an element, from a DOM Element or a parse5 node alike. */
+interface WikipediaExclusionDescriptor extends WikipediaElementDescriptor {
+  /** The `role` attribute, or null when the element has none. */
+  role: string | null;
+}
+
 /**
  * Shared Wikipedia element exclusion predicate used by both the browser
  * adapter (DOM traversal) and API canonical fetcher (parse5 traversal).
  * Keeping this centralized prevents client/server canonicalization drift.
+ * It reads only markup the Parse API returns and Wikipedia's scripts leave
+ * alone (tags, classes, roles), never inline styles, which scripts and reader
+ * interaction change on the live page.
  */
-export function shouldExcludeWikipediaElement(input: {
-  tagName: string;
-  classTokens: readonly string[];
-}): boolean {
+export function shouldExcludeWikipediaElement(input: WikipediaExclusionDescriptor): boolean {
   if (isExcludedWikipediaTag(input.tagName)) {
     return true;
   }
@@ -169,5 +298,9 @@ export function shouldExcludeWikipediaElement(input: {
     return true;
   }
 
+  if (isExcludedWikipediaRole(input.role)) {
+    return true;
+  }
+
   return input.classTokens.some((token) => isExcludedWikipediaClassToken(token));
 }
diff --git a/src/typescript/shared/src/wikipedia-identity.ts b/src/typescript/shared/src/wikipedia-identity.ts
index 189509d..00f261d 100644
--- a/src/typescript/shared/src/wikipedia-identity.ts
+++ b/src/typescript/shared/src/wikipedia-identity.ts
@@ -3,14 +3,26 @@ const WIKIPEDIA_ARTICLE_PATH_PREFIX = "/wiki/";
 const WIKIPEDIA_INDEX_PATH_REGEX = /^\/w\/index\.php(?:[/?#]|$)/i;
 const WIKIPEDIA_PAGE_ID_REGEX = /^\d+$/;
 
-const NON_ARTICLE_NAMESPACE_PREFIXES = new Set([
+/**
+ * Canonical (English) names of MediaWiki's non-article namespaces. MediaWiki
+ * accepts these canonical names on every language edition, so they are
+ * recognized regardless of host language. Localized namespace names (e.g.
+ * German "Diskussion:") cannot be enumerated here; URL-level parsing therefore
+ * only rules out *known* non-article pages, and callers with access to the
+ * page itself must treat MediaWiki's `wgNamespaceNumber` as authoritative.
+ */
+const CANONICAL_NON_ARTICLE_NAMESPACE_PREFIXES = new Set([
   "talk",
   "user",
   "user talk",
   "wikipedia",
   "wikipedia talk",
+  "project",
+  "project talk",
   "file",
   "file talk",
+  "image",
+  "image talk",
   "mediawiki",
   "mediawiki talk",
   "template",
@@ -83,7 +95,7 @@ function isArticleNamespace(title: string): boolean {
   }
 
   const namespacePrefix = title.slice(0, separator).replace(/_/g, " ").trim().toLowerCase();
-  return !NON_ARTICLE_NAMESPACE_PREFIXES.has(namespacePrefix);
+  return !CANONICAL_NON_ARTICLE_NAMESPACE_PREFIXES.has(namespacePrefix);
 }
 
 function normalizeWikipediaPageIdToken(rawToken: string | null): string | null {
@@ -102,27 +114,31 @@ function readWikipediaPageIdFromQuery(parsedUrl: URL): string | null {
   return normalizeWikipediaPageIdToken(parsedUrl.searchParams.get("pageid"));
 }
 
-function wikipediaExternalIdFromTitle(language: string, title: string): string {
-  return `${language}:${title}`;
-}
-
+/**
+ * The stored external ID of a Wikipedia article. It is always derived from the
+ * numeric page ID (never the title), because titles change on page moves while
+ * page IDs do not.
+ */
 export function wikipediaExternalIdFromPageId(language: string, pageId: string): string {
   return `${language}:${pageId}`;
 }
 
-interface ParsedWikipediaIdentity {
-  language: string;
-  title: string | null;
-  pageId: string | null;
-  identityKind: "TITLE" | "PAGE_ID";
-  externalId: string;
-}
+/**
+ * What a Wikipedia URL alone says about which article it shows. A URL either
+ * names the article by numeric page ID (`?curid=` / `?pageid=`, possibly
+ * alongside a title) or only by title; a title-only URL cannot yield the
+ * external ID, which needs the page ID from the page itself.
+ */
+export type WikipediaUrlIdentity =
+  | { kind: "PAGE_ID"; language: string; pageId: string; title: string | null }
+  | { kind: "TITLE"; language: string; title: string };
 
 /**
- * Parse canonical Wikipedia page identity from URL for both extension and API.
- * This function excludes non-article namespaces (e.g. Talk:, File:).
+ * Parse Wikipedia article identity from a URL, for both extension and API.
+ * Returns null for non-Wikipedia URLs and for titles in known non-article
+ * namespaces (see `CANONICAL_NON_ARTICLE_NAMESPACE_PREFIXES`).
  */
-export function parseWikipediaIdentity(url: string): ParsedWikipediaIdentity | null {
+export function parseWikipediaUrlIdentity(url: string): WikipediaUrlIdentity | null {
   let parsedUrl: URL;
   try {
     parsedUrl = new URL(url);
@@ -150,28 +166,11 @@ export function parseWikipediaIdentity(url: string): ParsedWikipediaIdentity | n
   if (title !== null && !isArticleNamespace(title)) {
     return null;
   }
-  if (title === null && pageId === null) {
-    return null;
-  }
-
   if (pageId !== null) {
-    return {
-      language,
-      title,
-      pageId,
-      identityKind: "PAGE_ID",
-      externalId: wikipediaExternalIdFromPageId(language, pageId),
-    };
+    return { kind: "PAGE_ID", language, pageId, title };
   }
-  if (title === null) {
-    return null;
+  if (title !== null) {
+    return { kind: "TITLE", language, title };
   }
-
-  return {
-    language,
-    title,
-    pageId: null,
-    identityKind: "TITLE",
-    externalId: wikipediaExternalIdFromTitle(language, title),
-  };
+  return null;
 }
diff --git a/src/typescript/shared/test/unit/block-separator-exhaustiveness.test.ts b/src/typescript/shared/test/unit/block-separator-exhaustiveness.test.ts
index 2cc12a3..70097a0 100644
--- a/src/typescript/shared/test/unit/block-separator-exhaustiveness.test.ts
+++ b/src/typescript/shared/test/unit/block-separator-exhaustiveness.test.ts
@@ -1,13 +1,14 @@
 import assert from "node:assert/strict";
 import { test } from "node:test";
-import { CONTENT_BLOCK_SEPARATOR_TAGS } from "../../src/normalize.js";
+import { WORD_SEPARATOR_TAGS } from "../../src/normalize.js";
 
-// ── Block separator tag exhaustiveness ──────────────────────────────────
+// ── Word separator tag exhaustiveness ───────────────────────────────────
 // Every HTML spec block-level element must be either in
-// CONTENT_BLOCK_SEPARATOR_TAGS or in the explicit exclusion list below with
+// WORD_SEPARATOR_TAGS or in the explicit exclusion list below with
 // a documented rationale. This is a "living documentation" test — when new
 // block elements become relevant, the test forces a conscious decision
-// about inclusion or exclusion.
+// about inclusion or exclusion. The only non-block separators are the
+// line-breaking void elements.
 
 /**
  * HTML spec block-level elements. This list covers the elements defined as
@@ -61,7 +62,7 @@ const HTML_BLOCK_LEVEL_ELEMENTS = [
 ] as const;
 
 /**
- * Block-level elements explicitly excluded from CONTENT_BLOCK_SEPARATOR_TAGS
+ * Block-level elements explicitly excluded from WORD_SEPARATOR_TAGS
  * with documented rationale. Each entry must explain why the element does not
  * need a word-boundary separator.
  */
@@ -82,7 +83,6 @@ const EXCLUDED_BLOCK_ELEMENTS: Record<string, string> = {
   form: "Form container; not article prose",
   header: "Page/section header; not article prose",
   hgroup: "Heading group container; child headings already in separator set",
-  hr: "Horizontal rule; void element with no text content",
   main: "Structural container; child block elements provide separators",
   nav: "Navigation container; not article prose",
   ol: "Ordered list container; child li elements already in separator set",
@@ -98,11 +98,17 @@ const EXCLUDED_BLOCK_ELEMENTS: Record<string, string> = {
   caption: "Table caption; rare, and table cell separators handle table content",
 };
 
-test("every HTML block-level element is either in CONTENT_BLOCK_SEPARATOR_TAGS or explicitly excluded", () => {
+/**
+ * Inline-level elements that still separate words: void elements that end the
+ * line, so the text either side of them never reads as one word.
+ */
+const LINE_BREAKING_VOID_ELEMENTS = ["br", "hr"] as const;
+
+test("every HTML block-level element is either in WORD_SEPARATOR_TAGS or explicitly excluded", () => {
   const missingElements: string[] = [];
 
   for (const tag of HTML_BLOCK_LEVEL_ELEMENTS) {
-    if (!CONTENT_BLOCK_SEPARATOR_TAGS.has(tag) && !(tag in EXCLUDED_BLOCK_ELEMENTS)) {
+    if (!WORD_SEPARATOR_TAGS.has(tag) && !(tag in EXCLUDED_BLOCK_ELEMENTS)) {
       missingElements.push(tag);
     }
   }
@@ -110,19 +116,26 @@ test("every HTML block-level element is either in CONTENT_BLOCK_SEPARATOR_TAGS o
   assert.equal(
     missingElements.length,
     0,
-    `Block-level elements missing from both CONTENT_BLOCK_SEPARATOR_TAGS and EXCLUDED_BLOCK_ELEMENTS: ${missingElements.join(", ")}.\n` +
-      `Add each to CONTENT_BLOCK_SEPARATOR_TAGS (if it separates prose words) or to EXCLUDED_BLOCK_ELEMENTS (with rationale).`,
+    `Block-level elements missing from both WORD_SEPARATOR_TAGS and EXCLUDED_BLOCK_ELEMENTS: ${missingElements.join(", ")}.\n` +
+      `Add each to WORD_SEPARATOR_TAGS (if it separates prose words) or to EXCLUDED_BLOCK_ELEMENTS (with rationale).`,
   );
 });
 
-test("CONTENT_BLOCK_SEPARATOR_TAGS contains no unrecognized elements", () => {
+test("line-breaking void elements are word separators", () => {
+  for (const tag of LINE_BREAKING_VOID_ELEMENTS) {
+    assert.ok(WORD_SEPARATOR_TAGS.has(tag), `<${tag}> must separate the words around it`);
+  }
+});
+
+test("WORD_SEPARATOR_TAGS contains no unrecognized elements", () => {
   const allKnown = new Set<string>([
     ...HTML_BLOCK_LEVEL_ELEMENTS,
     ...Object.keys(EXCLUDED_BLOCK_ELEMENTS),
+    ...LINE_BREAKING_VOID_ELEMENTS,
   ]);
 
   const unrecognized: string[] = [];
-  for (const tag of CONTENT_BLOCK_SEPARATOR_TAGS) {
+  for (const tag of WORD_SEPARATOR_TAGS) {
     if (!allKnown.has(tag)) {
       unrecognized.push(tag);
     }
@@ -131,7 +144,7 @@ test("CONTENT_BLOCK_SEPARATOR_TAGS contains no unrecognized elements", () => {
   assert.equal(
     unrecognized.length,
     0,
-    `CONTENT_BLOCK_SEPARATOR_TAGS contains elements not in the HTML block-level list: ${unrecognized.join(", ")}.\n` +
-      `Either add them to HTML_BLOCK_LEVEL_ELEMENTS or remove from CONTENT_BLOCK_SEPARATOR_TAGS.`,
+    `WORD_SEPARATOR_TAGS contains elements that are neither block-level nor line-breaking: ${unrecognized.join(", ")}.\n` +
+      `Either add them to HTML_BLOCK_LEVEL_ELEMENTS / LINE_BREAKING_VOID_ELEMENTS or remove from WORD_SEPARATOR_TAGS.`,
   );
 });
diff --git a/src/typescript/shared/test/unit/claim-payload-schema.test.ts b/src/typescript/shared/test/unit/claim-payload-schema.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6eee204
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/typescript/shared/test/unit/claim-payload-schema.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+import assert from "node:assert/strict";
+import { test } from "node:test";
+import {
+  httpUrlSchema,
+  investigationClaimPayloadSchema,
+  investigationResultSchema,
+} from "../../src/index.js";
+
+const NON_HTTP_URLS = [
+  "data:text/plain,hello",
+  "mailto:someone@example.com",
+  "ftp://example.com/file",
+  "file:///etc/passwd",
+];
+
+function claimWithSourceUrl(url: string) {
+  return {
+    text: "Claim",
+    context: "Context",
+    summary: "Summary",
+    reasoning: "Reasoning",
+    sources: [{ url, title: "Title", snippet: "Snippet" }],
+  };
+}
+
+test("httpUrlSchema accepts only absolute http(s) URLs", () => {
+  for (const url of ["https://example.com/a?b=c", "http://example.com", "HTTPS://EXAMPLE.COM/"]) {
+    assert.equal(httpUrlSchema.safeParse(url).success, true, url);
+  }
+  for (const url of [...NON_HTTP_URLS, "example.com/page", ""]) {
+    assert.equal(httpUrlSchema.safeParse(url).success, false, url);
+  }
+});
+
+test("claim sources must link to http(s) URLs", () => {
+  assert.equal(
+    investigationClaimPayloadSchema.safeParse(claimWithSourceUrl("https://example.com")).success,
+    true,
+  );
+  for (const url of NON_HTTP_URLS) {
+    assert.equal(investigationClaimPayloadSchema.safeParse(claimWithSourceUrl(url)).success, false);
+    assert.equal(
+      investigationResultSchema.safeParse({ claims: [claimWithSourceUrl(url)] }).success,
+      false,
+      url,
+    );
+  }
+});
diff --git a/src/typescript/shared/test/unit/extension-protocol.test.ts b/src/typescript/shared/test/unit/extension-protocol.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bd4ee79
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/typescript/shared/test/unit/extension-protocol.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+import assert from "node:assert/strict";
+import { test } from "node:test";
+import {
+  parseBackgroundRequestPayload,
+  parseBackgroundResponseEnvelope,
+  parseContentRequestPayload,
+  parseContentResponseEnvelope,
+} from "../../src/index.js";
+
+const TAB_SESSION_ID = "6f1c2a3b-4d5e-4f60-8a7b-9c0d1e2f3a4b";
+
+test("background payloads are validated against the schema registered for their type", () => {
+  const reset = parseBackgroundRequestPayload("PAGE_RESET", { tabSessionId: TAB_SESSION_ID });
+  assert.deepEqual(reset, { success: true, data: { tabSessionId: TAB_SESSION_ID } });
+
+  assert.equal(parseBackgroundRequestPayload("PAGE_RESET", { tabSessionId: "7" }).success, false);
+  assert.equal(
+    parseBackgroundRequestPayload("GET_TAB_STATUS", { tabId: 3, extra: true }).success,
+    false,
+  );
+});
+
+test("background response envelopes validate the value only when ok", () => {
+  const upgrade = { kind: "UPGRADE_REQUIRED", message: "Update OpenErrata" } as const;
+  assert.deepEqual(
+    parseBackgroundResponseEnvelope("GET_TAB_STATUS", { ok: true, value: upgrade }),
+    { success: true, data: { ok: true, value: upgrade } },
+  );
+
+  const runtimeError = {
+    ok: false,
+    error: "Message failed validation",
+    errorCode: "INVALID_EXTENSION_MESSAGE",
+  } as const;
+  assert.deepEqual(parseBackgroundResponseEnvelope("GET_TAB_STATUS", runtimeError), {
+    success: true,
+    data: runtimeError,
+  });
+
+  assert.equal(
+    parseBackgroundResponseEnvelope("GET_TAB_STATUS", { ok: true, value: { kind: "STATUS" } })
+      .success,
+    false,
+  );
+  assert.equal(parseBackgroundResponseEnvelope("PAGE_RESET", undefined).success, false);
+});
+
+test("content payloads are validated against the schema registered for their type", () => {
+  assert.deepEqual(parseContentRequestPayload("PING", null), { success: true, data: null });
+  assert.deepEqual(parseContentRequestPayload("FOCUS_CLAIM", { claimId: "claim-1" }), {
+    success: true,
+    data: { claimId: "claim-1" },
+  });
+
+  assert.equal(parseContentRequestPayload("PING", {}).success, false);
+  assert.equal(parseContentRequestPayload("FOCUS_CLAIM", { claimId: "" }).success, false);
+});
+
+test("content response envelopes validate the value only when ok", () => {
+  assert.deepEqual(parseContentResponseEnvelope("PING", { ok: true, value: { alive: true } }), {
+    success: true,
+    data: { ok: true, value: { alive: true } },
+  });
+
+  const runtimeError = { ok: false, error: "No page session" } as const;
+  assert.deepEqual(parseContentResponseEnvelope("REQUEST_INVESTIGATE", runtimeError), {
+    success: true,
+    data: runtimeError,
+  });
+
+  assert.equal(
+    parseContentResponseEnvelope("GET_VISIBILITY", { ok: true, value: { visible: "yes" } }).success,
+    false,
+  );
+  // A bare value without an envelope is a protocol violation, not a success.
+  assert.equal(parseContentResponseEnvelope("PING", { alive: true }).success, false);
+});
diff --git a/src/typescript/shared/test/unit/observed-image-occurrence-schema.test.ts b/src/typescript/shared/test/unit/observed-image-occurrence-schema.test.ts
index 88a95d3..5ef4efd 100644
--- a/src/typescript/shared/test/unit/observed-image-occurrence-schema.test.ts
+++ b/src/typescript/shared/test/unit/observed-image-occurrence-schema.test.ts
@@ -1,8 +1,9 @@
 import assert from "node:assert/strict";
 import { test } from "node:test";
 import {
+  BACKGROUND_REQUESTS,
   MAX_OBSERVED_IMAGE_OCCURRENCES,
-  extensionMessageSchema,
+  observedImageUrlsFromOccurrences,
   viewPostInputSchema,
 } from "../../src/index.js";
 
@@ -48,28 +49,60 @@ test("viewPostInputSchema rejects observedImageOccurrences over limit", () => {
   assert.equal(result.success, false);
 });
 
-test("extensionMessageSchema rejects PAGE_CONTENT imageOccurrences over limit", () => {
-  const result = extensionMessageSchema.safeParse({
-    v: 1,
-    type: "PAGE_CONTENT",
-    payload: {
-      tabSessionId: 1,
-      content: {
-        platform: "X",
-        externalId: "1900000000000000000",
-        url: "https://x.com/example/status/1900000000000000000",
-        contentText: "Hello world",
-        mediaState: "has_images",
-        imageUrls: [],
-        imageOccurrences: buildObservedOccurrences(MAX_OBSERVED_IMAGE_OCCURRENCES + 1),
-        metadata: {
-          authorHandle: "example",
-          text: "Hello world",
-          mediaUrls: [],
-        },
+test("PAGE_CONTENT payload rejects imageOccurrences over limit", () => {
+  const result = BACKGROUND_REQUESTS.PAGE_CONTENT.payload.safeParse({
+    tabSessionId: "5f0b8d0e-7c55-4c1b-9d0a-1e2f3a4b5c6d",
+    content: {
+      platform: "X",
+      externalId: "1900000000000000000",
+      url: "https://x.com/example/status/1900000000000000000",
+      contentText: "Hello world",
+      hasVideo: false,
+      imageOccurrences: buildObservedOccurrences(MAX_OBSERVED_IMAGE_OCCURRENCES + 1),
+      metadata: {
+        authorHandle: "example",
+        text: "Hello world",
+        mediaUrls: [],
       },
     },
   });
 
   assert.equal(result.success, false);
 });
+
+test("PAGE_CONTENT payload rejects an external ID in the wrong platform format", () => {
+  const result = BACKGROUND_REQUESTS.PAGE_CONTENT.payload.safeParse({
+    tabSessionId: "5f0b8d0e-7c55-4c1b-9d0a-1e2f3a4b5c6d",
+    content: {
+      platform: "SUBSTACK",
+      // A Substack slug is not a Substack post ID.
+      externalId: "my-post-slug",
+      url: "https://example.substack.com/p/my-post-slug",
+      contentText: "Hello world",
+      hasVideo: false,
+      imageOccurrences: [],
+      metadata: {
+        substackPostId: "123",
+        publicationSubdomain: "example",
+        slug: "my-post-slug",
+        title: "Title",
+        authorName: "Author",
+      },
+    },
+  });
+
+  assert.equal(result.success, false);
+});
+
+test("observedImageUrlsFromOccurrences lists distinct URLs in page order", () => {
+  const occurrences = [
+    { originalIndex: 2, normalizedTextOffset: 9, sourceUrl: "https://images.example/a.jpg" },
+    { originalIndex: 0, normalizedTextOffset: 0, sourceUrl: "https://images.example/b.jpg" },
+    { originalIndex: 1, normalizedTextOffset: 4, sourceUrl: "https://images.example/a.jpg" },
+  ];
+  assert.deepEqual(observedImageUrlsFromOccurrences(occurrences), [
+    "https://images.example/b.jpg",
+    "https://images.example/a.jpg",
+  ]);
+  assert.deepEqual(observedImageUrlsFromOccurrences(undefined), []);
+});
diff --git a/src/typescript/shared/test/unit/wikipedia-canonicalization.test.ts b/src/typescript/shared/test/unit/wikipedia-canonicalization.test.ts
index e5260e3..3f5f1ee 100644
--- a/src/typescript/shared/test/unit/wikipedia-canonicalization.test.ts
+++ b/src/typescript/shared/test/unit/wikipedia-canonicalization.test.ts
@@ -1,46 +1,95 @@
 import assert from "node:assert/strict";
 import { test } from "node:test";
 import {
+  WIKIPEDIA_EXCLUDED_SECTION_TITLES,
   effectiveHeadingLevel,
   effectiveHeadingText,
   headingLevelFromTag,
   isExcludedWikipediaSectionTitle,
+  normalizeWikipediaSectionTitle,
   shouldExcludeWikipediaElement,
   type WikipediaHeadingLevelDescriptor,
   type WikipediaNodeDescriptor,
 } from "../../src/wikipedia-canonicalization.js";
 
+function element(tagName: string, classTokens: string[] = [], role: string | null = null) {
+  return { tagName, classTokens, role };
+}
+
 test("isExcludedWikipediaSectionTitle normalizes whitespace and casing", () => {
   assert.equal(isExcludedWikipediaSectionTitle("  References  "), true);
   assert.equal(isExcludedWikipediaSectionTitle("Further   Reading"), true);
   assert.equal(isExcludedWikipediaSectionTitle("History"), false);
 });
 
+test("isExcludedWikipediaSectionTitle matches the appendix titles of the largest wikis", () => {
+  for (const title of [
+    "Einzelnachweise",
+    "Weblinks",
+    "Notes et références",
+    "Liens externes",
+    "Enlaces externos",
+    "Collegamenti esterni",
+    "Ligações externas",
+    "Externe links",
+    "Przypisy",
+    "Примечания",
+    "脚注",
+    "外部リンク",
+    "參考文獻",
+    "外部链接",
+  ]) {
+    assert.equal(isExcludedWikipediaSectionTitle(title), true, title);
+  }
+});
+
+test("isExcludedWikipediaSectionTitle keeps See also sections in every language, as English does", () => {
+  for (const title of [
+    "See also",
+    "Siehe auch",
+    "Voir aussi",
+    "Véase también",
+    "Voci correlate",
+    "関連項目",
+  ]) {
+    assert.equal(isExcludedWikipediaSectionTitle(title), false, title);
+  }
+});
+
+test("excluded section titles are stored in their normalized form", () => {
+  // Matching compares normalized heading text against the list verbatim.
+  for (const title of WIKIPEDIA_EXCLUDED_SECTION_TITLES) {
+    assert.equal(normalizeWikipediaSectionTitle(title), title);
+  }
+});
+
 test("shouldExcludeWikipediaElement excludes references-class blocks", () => {
-  assert.equal(
-    shouldExcludeWikipediaElement({
-      tagName: "ol",
-      classTokens: ["references"],
-    }),
-    true,
-  );
+  assert.equal(shouldExcludeWikipediaElement(element("ol", ["references"])), true);
 });
 
 test("shouldExcludeWikipediaElement excludes citation superscripts only", () => {
+  assert.equal(shouldExcludeWikipediaElement(element("sup", ["reference"])), true);
+  assert.equal(shouldExcludeWikipediaElement(element("sup")), false);
+});
+
+test("shouldExcludeWikipediaElement excludes navigation landmarks whatever their classes", () => {
+  // de "Hauptartikel" links, nl navboxes, en series sidebars.
+  assert.equal(shouldExcludeWikipediaElement(element("div", ["hauptartikel"], "navigation")), true);
+  assert.equal(shouldExcludeWikipediaElement(element("table", ["sidebar"], " Navigation ")), true);
+  assert.equal(shouldExcludeWikipediaElement(element("table", ["infobox"], "presentation")), false);
+  assert.equal(shouldExcludeWikipediaElement(element("div", [], "note")), false);
+});
+
+test("shouldExcludeWikipediaElement excludes the cross-wiki non-prose conventions", () => {
+  // Hatnotes, navboxes and authority control are kept out of search.
   assert.equal(
-    shouldExcludeWikipediaElement({
-      tagName: "sup",
-      classTokens: ["reference"],
-    }),
+    shouldExcludeWikipediaElement(element("div", ["hatnote", "navigation-not-searchable"], "note")),
     true,
   );
-  assert.equal(
-    shouldExcludeWikipediaElement({
-      tagName: "sup",
-      classTokens: [],
-    }),
-    false,
-  );
+  // Banners and person-data tables are about the article, not of it.
+  assert.equal(shouldExcludeWikipediaElement(element("table", ["metadata", "ambox"])), true);
+  assert.equal(shouldExcludeWikipediaElement(element("p")), false);
+  assert.equal(shouldExcludeWikipediaElement(element("table", ["wikitable"])), false);
 });
 
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/src/typescript/shared/test/unit/wikipedia-identity.test.ts b/src/typescript/shared/test/unit/wikipedia-identity.test.ts
index 58d0a42..f1e7b09 100644
--- a/src/typescript/shared/test/unit/wikipedia-identity.test.ts
+++ b/src/typescript/shared/test/unit/wikipedia-identity.test.ts
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ import assert from "node:assert/strict";
 import { test } from "node:test";
 import {
   normalizeWikipediaTitleToken,
-  parseWikipediaIdentity,
+  parseWikipediaUrlIdentity,
   wikipediaExternalIdFromPageId,
 } from "../../src/wikipedia-identity.js";
 
@@ -11,33 +11,39 @@ test("normalizeWikipediaTitleToken normalizes spacing and underscores", () => {
   assert.equal(normalizeWikipediaTitleToken("   "), null);
 });
 
-test("parseWikipediaIdentity prefers page ID identity when available", () => {
-  const parsed = parseWikipediaIdentity("https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OpenAI?curid=48795986");
+test("parseWikipediaUrlIdentity prefers page ID identity when available", () => {
+  const parsed = parseWikipediaUrlIdentity("https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OpenAI?curid=48795986");
   assert.deepEqual(parsed, {
+    kind: "PAGE_ID",
     language: "en",
     title: "OpenAI",
     pageId: "48795986",
-    identityKind: "PAGE_ID",
-    externalId: "en:48795986",
   });
 });
 
-test("parseWikipediaIdentity parses title identity from /w/index.php route", () => {
-  const parsed = parseWikipediaIdentity(
+test("parseWikipediaUrlIdentity accepts page-ID-only index.php URLs", () => {
+  const parsed = parseWikipediaUrlIdentity("https://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?curid=736");
+  assert.deepEqual(parsed, { kind: "PAGE_ID", language: "de", title: null, pageId: "736" });
+});
+
+test("parseWikipediaUrlIdentity parses title identity from /w/index.php route", () => {
+  const parsed = parseWikipediaUrlIdentity(
     "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=OpenAI&oldid=1340968511",
   );
-  assert.deepEqual(parsed, {
-    language: "en",
-    title: "OpenAI",
-    pageId: null,
-    identityKind: "TITLE",
-    externalId: "en:OpenAI",
-  });
+  assert.deepEqual(parsed, { kind: "TITLE", language: "en", title: "OpenAI" });
+});
+
+test("parseWikipediaUrlIdentity rejects canonical non-article namespaces on any language edition", () => {
+  assert.equal(parseWikipediaUrlIdentity("https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:OpenAI"), null);
+  assert.equal(parseWikipediaUrlIdentity("https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Example.jpg"), null);
+  // MediaWiki accepts canonical namespace names on every wiki.
+  assert.equal(parseWikipediaUrlIdentity("https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:OpenAI"), null);
 });
 
-test("parseWikipediaIdentity rejects non-article namespaces", () => {
-  assert.equal(parseWikipediaIdentity("https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:OpenAI"), null);
-  assert.equal(parseWikipediaIdentity("https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Example.jpg"), null);
+test("parseWikipediaUrlIdentity rejects non-Wikipedia hosts and namespace-less paths", () => {
+  assert.equal(parseWikipediaUrlIdentity("https://example.org/wiki/OpenAI"), null);
+  assert.equal(parseWikipediaUrlIdentity("https://en.wikipedia.org/"), null);
+  assert.equal(parseWikipediaUrlIdentity("not a url"), null);
 });
 
 test("wikipediaExternalIdFromPageId builds deterministic external IDs", () => {