diff --git a/src/wp-admin/css/on-this-day.css b/src/wp-admin/css/on-this-day.css
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..a7a7b4d29d49b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/wp-admin/css/on-this-day.css
@@ -0,0 +1,321 @@
+/* =============================================================================
+   On This Day dashboard widget
+   =============================================================================
+   Organised as:
+     1. Design tokens (custom properties on the widget root)
+     2. Postbox chrome (#dashboard_on_this_day)
+     3. Widget title accents (calendar icon + date pill in `.hndle`)
+     4. Timeline (year headers, vertical line, post rows)
+     5. Post row (icon circle, title, excerpt, meta row)
+     6. Empty state
+     7. Adaptive rules (reduced motion, small viewports)
+   ============================================================================= */
+
+/* -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+   1. Design tokens
+
+   Scoped to the postbox so the title spans (rendered in `.hndle`, outside the
+   `.on-this-day-widget` wrapper) can reference the same variables as the body.
+
+   Accent: `--wp-admin-theme-color*` are the only color custom properties core
+   exposes at runtime (see src/wp-admin/css/colors/_tokens.scss), so the widget
+   follows the user's selected admin color scheme (Blue, Modern, Coffee, etc.).
+   Fallback values match the classic "Fresh" scheme.
+   ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+#dashboard_on_this_day,
+.on-this-day-widget {
+	/* Accent — theme-color aware, follows the user's admin color scheme. */
+	--otd-accent:        var(--wp-admin-theme-color, #2271b1);
+	--otd-accent-dark:   var(--wp-admin-theme-color-darker-10, #135e96);
+	--otd-accent-rgb:    var(--wp-admin-theme-color--rgb, 34, 113, 177);
+	--otd-accent-8:      rgba(var(--otd-accent-rgb), 0.08);
+	--otd-accent-15:     rgba(var(--otd-accent-rgb), 0.15);
+
+	/* Neutrals — classic wp-admin palette. */
+	--otd-ink:      #1d2327;
+	--otd-text:     #2c3338;
+	--otd-muted:    #646970;
+	--otd-subtle:   #8c8f94;
+	--otd-line:     #dcdcde;
+
+	/* Semantic (theme-independent). */
+	--otd-private:  #b32d2e;
+
+	/* Shape + motion. */
+	--otd-pill:     9999px;
+	--otd-ease:     0.15s ease;
+}
+
+/* -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+   2. Postbox chrome
+   ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+#dashboard_on_this_day {
+	& .inside {
+		margin: 0;
+		padding: 0;
+		max-height: 560px;
+		overflow: auto;
+	}
+
+	& .hndle {
+		gap: 0;
+	}
+}
+
+.on-this-day-widget {
+	font-size: 13px;
+	color: var(--otd-ink);
+	line-height: 1.5;
+}
+
+/* -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+   3. Widget title (in .hndle)
+   ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+.on-this-day-title-main {
+	display: inline-flex;
+	align-items: center;
+	gap: 6px;
+}
+
+.on-this-day-title-date {
+	display: inline-block;
+	margin-left: 10px;
+	padding: 2px 9px;
+	font-weight: 600;
+	font-size: 11px;
+	letter-spacing: 0.3px;
+	text-transform: uppercase;
+	color: var(--otd-accent-dark);
+	background: var(--otd-accent-8);
+	border-radius: var(--otd-pill);
+	white-space: nowrap;
+	vertical-align: 1px;
+}
+
+/* -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+   4. Timeline
+   -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+   Layout math (reused below):
+     padding-left of .on-this-day-timeline = 20px
+     icon width = 28px  ->  centers at 20 + 14 = 34px
+     gap between icon and body = 14px  ->  body column starts at 20 + 28 + 14 = 62px
+   ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+.on-this-day-timeline {
+	margin: 0;
+	padding: 12px 20px 16px;
+	list-style: none;
+}
+
+.on-this-day-year-group {
+	list-style: none;
+	margin: 0;
+	padding: 0;
+}
+
+.on-this-day-year-header {
+	margin: 0 0 8px;
+	padding-left: 42px; /* aligns with the body text column */
+	font-size: 12px;
+	font-weight: 500;
+	line-height: 1.4;
+	color: var(--otd-subtle);
+}
+
+.on-this-day-year-number {
+	color: var(--otd-muted);
+}
+
+.on-this-day-year-ago {
+	margin-left: 6px;
+	color: var(--otd-subtle);
+}
+
+.on-this-day-post-list {
+	position: relative;
+	margin: 0;
+	padding: 0;
+	list-style: none;
+
+	/* Vertical guide line, scoped per year group so the year header
+	   naturally interrupts the line between groups. The halo on each
+	   icon circle (see below) punches ~3px gaps around every circle. */
+	&::before {
+		content: "";
+		position: absolute;
+		left: 14px; /* center of the 28px icon column */
+		top: 6px;
+		bottom: 14px;
+		width: 1px;
+		background: var(--otd-line);
+	}
+}
+
+/* -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+   5. Post row
+   ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+.on-this-day-post {
+	display: grid;
+	grid-template-columns: 28px 1fr;
+	gap: 14px;
+	padding: 6px 0 14px;
+
+	/* Icon circle on the left. */
+	& .on-this-day-post-icon {
+		position: relative;
+		z-index: 1; /* sits above the vertical line */
+		display: inline-flex;
+		align-items: center;
+		justify-content: center;
+		width: 28px;
+		height: 28px;
+		border-radius: 50%;
+		background: #fff;
+		border: 1px solid var(--otd-line);
+		color: var(--otd-muted);
+
+		/* 3px white halo so the timeline line appears to stop short of
+		   the circle on both sides rather than butting right into it. */
+		box-shadow: 0 0 0 3px #fff;
+
+		& svg {
+			display: block;
+		}
+	}
+
+	&.is-private .on-this-day-post-icon {
+		color: var(--otd-private);
+		border-color: #f5c9cc;
+		background: #fcf0f1;
+	}
+}
+
+.on-this-day-post-body {
+	min-width: 0;
+}
+
+.on-this-day-post-title {
+	margin: 0 0 2px;
+	font-size: 13px;
+	font-weight: 600;
+	line-height: 1.4;
+
+	& a {
+		color: var(--otd-ink);
+		text-decoration: none;
+		box-shadow: none;
+
+		&:hover,
+		&:focus {
+			color: var(--otd-accent);
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+.on-this-day-post-excerpt {
+	margin: 0 0 6px;
+	color: var(--otd-text);
+	line-height: 1.5;
+	display: -webkit-box;
+	-webkit-box-orient: vertical;
+	-webkit-line-clamp: 2;
+	line-clamp: 2;
+	overflow: hidden;
+}
+
+.on-this-day-post-meta {
+	display: flex;
+	align-items: center;
+	flex-wrap: wrap;
+	gap: 6px;
+	font-size: 12px;
+	color: var(--otd-subtle);
+	line-height: 1.5;
+}
+
+.on-this-day-post-time {
+	color: var(--otd-muted);
+}
+
+.on-this-day-post-sep {
+	color: var(--otd-line);
+}
+
+.on-this-day-post-categories {
+	max-width: 240px;
+	color: var(--otd-muted);
+	overflow: hidden;
+	text-overflow: ellipsis;
+	white-space: nowrap;
+}
+
+.on-this-day-post-private {
+	color: var(--otd-private);
+	font-weight: 500;
+}
+
+.on-this-day-post-actions {
+	display: inline-flex;
+	gap: 12px;
+	margin-left: auto; /* push to the right edge of the meta row */
+}
+
+.on-this-day-post-action {
+	color: var(--otd-accent);
+	text-decoration: none;
+
+	&:hover,
+	&:focus {
+		color: var(--otd-accent-dark);
+		text-decoration: underline;
+	}
+}
+
+/* -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+   6. Empty state
+   ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+.on-this-day-empty {
+	text-align: center;
+	padding: 28px 20px 24px;
+}
+
+.on-this-day-empty-icon {
+	display: inline-flex;
+	align-items: center;
+	justify-content: center;
+	width: 60px;
+	height: 60px;
+	margin-bottom: 10px;
+	color: var(--otd-accent);
+	background: var(--otd-accent-8);
+	border-radius: 50%;
+	box-shadow: inset 0 0 0 1px var(--otd-accent-15);
+}
+
+.on-this-day-empty-title {
+	margin: 6px 0 4px;
+	font-size: 15px;
+	font-weight: 600;
+	color: var(--otd-ink);
+}
+
+.on-this-day-empty-text {
+	max-width: 340px;
+	margin: 0 auto 12px;
+	color: var(--otd-text);
+	line-height: 1.55;
+}
+
+.on-this-day-empty-cta {
+	margin: 0;
+}
+
+/* -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+   7. Adaptive rules
+   ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
+	.on-this-day-post-title a,
+	.on-this-day-post-action {
+		transition: none;
+	}
+}
+
diff --git a/src/wp-admin/includes/class-wp-on-this-day.php b/src/wp-admin/includes/class-wp-on-this-day.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..d86d3fd111566
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/wp-admin/includes/class-wp-on-this-day.php
@@ -0,0 +1,339 @@
+<?php
+/**
+ * Class for rendering the On This Day dashboard widget.
+ *
+ * @package WordPress
+ * @subpackage Administration
+ * @since 7.1.0
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Core class used by the "On This Day" dashboard widget.
+ *
+ * Renders the current user's posts that were published on this same
+ * month and day in previous years, grouped by year.
+ *
+ * @since 7.1.0
+ */
+#[AllowDynamicProperties]
+class WP_On_This_Day {
+	/**
+	 * Number of posts to fetch for the widget.
+	 *
+	 * @since 7.1.0
+	 * @var int
+	 */
+	const POSTS_PER_PAGE = 50;
+
+	/**
+	 * Object cache group used for storing widget results.
+	 *
+	 * @since 7.1.0
+	 * @var string
+	 */
+	const CACHE_GROUP = 'on_this_day';
+
+	/**
+	 * Cache version. Bump when the rendered markup changes so stale
+	 * entries from older releases are naturally ignored.
+	 *
+	 * @since 7.1.0
+	 * @var int
+	 */
+	const CACHE_VERSION = 2;
+
+	/**
+	 * Renders the dashboard widget output.
+	 *
+	 * The rendered HTML is cached per user, locale, and site date. The
+	 * cache key also incorporates the posts group's `last_changed` token,
+	 * so any post mutation (publish, edit, delete, trash) automatically
+	 * invalidates the entry on the next read, and entries roll over
+	 * naturally at midnight.
+	 *
+	 * Note: I made the trade-off to ignore `time_format` option changes.
+	 * They do not bust the cache; stale time strings clear on the next
+	 * post mutation or at midnight.
+	 *
+	 * @since 7.1.0
+	 */
+	public static function render_dashboard_widget() {
+		$user_id = get_current_user_id();
+
+		$cache_key = sprintf(
+			'render:v%d:%d:%s:%s:%s',
+			self::CACHE_VERSION,
+			$user_id,
+			determine_locale(),
+			current_time( 'Y-m-d' ),
+			wp_cache_get_last_changed( 'posts' )
+		);
+
+		$cached = wp_cache_get( $cache_key, self::CACHE_GROUP );
+		if ( is_string( $cached ) ) {
+			// Already escaped at write time by the render_* methods below.
+			echo $cached; // phpcs:ignore WordPress.Security.EscapeOutput.OutputNotEscaped
+			return;
+		}
+
+		$posts = self::get_posts( $user_id );
+
+		ob_start();
+		echo '<div class="on-this-day-widget">';
+		if ( empty( $posts ) ) {
+			self::render_empty_state();
+		} else {
+			self::render_posts( $posts );
+		}
+		echo '</div>';
+		$html = ob_get_clean();
+
+		wp_cache_set( $cache_key, $html, self::CACHE_GROUP, DAY_IN_SECONDS );
+
+		// Already escaped at write time by the render_* methods below.
+		echo $html; // phpcs:ignore WordPress.Security.EscapeOutput.OutputNotEscaped
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Retrieves posts by a given author that were published on this
+	 * same month and day in previous years.
+	 *
+	 * @since 7.1.0
+	 *
+	 * @param int $user_id Author ID to query posts for.
+	 * @return WP_Post[] Array of posts ordered by newest first.
+	 */
+	public static function get_posts( $user_id ) {
+		$args = array(
+			'author'              => (int) $user_id,
+			'post_type'           => 'post',
+			'post_status'         => array( 'publish', 'private' ),
+			'posts_per_page'      => self::POSTS_PER_PAGE,
+			'ignore_sticky_posts' => true,
+			'orderby'             => 'date',
+			'order'               => 'DESC',
+			'no_found_rows'       => true,
+		);
+
+		/**
+		 * Filters the arguments used to query posts for the On This Day dashboard widget.
+		 *
+		 * @since 7.1.0
+		 *
+		 * @param array $args    WP_Query arguments.
+		 * @param int   $user_id The author ID the query is scoped to.
+		 */
+		$args = apply_filters( 'dashboard_on_this_day_query_args', $args, $user_id );
+
+		add_filter( 'posts_where', array( __CLASS__, 'filter_posts_where' ) );
+		$query = new WP_Query( $args );
+		remove_filter( 'posts_where', array( __CLASS__, 'filter_posts_where' ) );
+
+		return $query->posts;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Restricts the widget's query to the current month and day in prior years.
+	 *
+	 * @since 7.1.0
+	 *
+	 * @global wpdb $wpdb WordPress database abstraction object.
+	 *
+	 * @param string $where SQL WHERE clause.
+	 * @return string Filtered WHERE clause.
+	 */
+	public static function filter_posts_where( $where ) {
+		global $wpdb;
+
+		$month = (int) current_time( 'n' );
+		$day   = (int) current_time( 'j' );
+		$year  = (int) current_time( 'Y' );
+
+		$where .= $wpdb->prepare(
+			" AND MONTH({$wpdb->posts}.post_date) = %d AND DAY({$wpdb->posts}.post_date) = %d AND YEAR({$wpdb->posts}.post_date) < %d",
+			$month,
+			$day,
+			$year
+		);
+
+		return $where;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Renders the empty state shown when no matching posts exist.
+	 *
+	 * @since 7.1.0
+	 */
+	protected static function render_empty_state() {
+		?>
+		<div class="on-this-day-empty">
+			<div class="on-this-day-empty-icon" aria-hidden="true">
+				<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24" width="40" height="40" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="1.6" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round">
+					<rect x="3" y="4" width="18" height="18" rx="3"></rect>
+					<path d="M16 2v4M8 2v4M3 10h18"></path>
+					<circle cx="12" cy="15" r="1.5" fill="currentColor" stroke="none"></circle>
+				</svg>
+			</div>
+			<h3 class="on-this-day-empty-title"><?php _e( 'Your story starts here.' ); ?></h3>
+			<p class="on-this-day-empty-text">
+				<?php
+				printf(
+					/* translators: %s: Current date, e.g. "April 22". */
+					__( 'You haven&#8217;t published anything on %s in previous years. Write something today and check back next year!' ),
+					'<strong>' . esc_html( date_i18n( 'F j' ) ) . '</strong>'
+				);
+				?>
+			</p>
+			<p class="on-this-day-empty-cta">
+				<a href="<?php echo esc_url( admin_url( 'post-new.php' ) ); ?>" class="button button-primary">
+					<?php _e( 'Write a new post' ); ?>
+				</a>
+			</p>
+		</div>
+		<?php
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Renders the grouped post list for the widget.
+	 *
+	 * @since 7.1.0
+	 *
+	 * @param WP_Post[] $posts Posts to render, most recent first.
+	 */
+	protected static function render_posts( $posts ) {
+		$current_year = (int) current_time( 'Y' );
+
+		$by_year = array();
+		foreach ( $posts as $post ) {
+			$year               = (int) get_the_date( 'Y', $post );
+			$by_year[ $year ][] = $post;
+		}
+		krsort( $by_year );
+		?>
+		<ul class="on-this-day-timeline">
+			<?php
+			$is_latest = true;
+			foreach ( $by_year as $year => $year_posts ) :
+				$years_ago     = $current_year - (int) $year;
+				$group_classes = 'on-this-day-year-group';
+				if ( $is_latest ) {
+					$group_classes .= ' is-latest';
+					$is_latest      = false;
+				}
+				?>
+				<li class="<?php echo esc_attr( $group_classes ); ?>">
+					<h3 class="on-this-day-year-header">
+						<span class="on-this-day-year-number"><?php echo esc_html( $year ); ?></span>
+						<span class="on-this-day-year-ago">
+							<?php
+							printf(
+								/* translators: %s: Number of years, e.g. "1 year ago" or "5 years ago". */
+								esc_html( _n( '%s year ago', '%s years ago', $years_ago ) ),
+								esc_html( number_format_i18n( $years_ago ) )
+							);
+							?>
+						</span>
+					</h3>
+					<ul class="on-this-day-post-list">
+						<?php foreach ( $year_posts as $post ) : ?>
+							<?php self::render_post( $post ); ?>
+						<?php endforeach; ?>
+					</ul>
+				</li>
+			<?php endforeach; ?>
+		</ul>
+		<?php
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Renders a single post row.
+	 *
+	 * @since 7.1.0
+	 *
+	 * @param WP_Post $post Post object to render.
+	 */
+	protected static function render_post( $post ) {
+		$edit_link  = get_edit_post_link( $post->ID );
+		$view_link  = get_permalink( $post->ID );
+		$status     = get_post_status( $post );
+		$is_private = ( 'private' === $status );
+
+		$title = get_the_title( $post );
+		if ( '' === trim( $title ) ) {
+			$title = __( '(no title)' );
+		}
+
+		$excerpt = has_excerpt( $post ) ? $post->post_excerpt : $post->post_content;
+		$excerpt = wp_strip_all_tags( strip_shortcodes( $excerpt ) );
+		$excerpt = preg_replace( '/\s+/', ' ', $excerpt );
+		$excerpt = wp_trim_words( trim( $excerpt ), 24, '&hellip;' );
+
+		$time_str   = get_the_time( get_option( 'time_format' ), $post );
+		$time_iso   = get_the_time( 'Y-m-d H:i', $post );
+		$categories = get_the_category( $post->ID );
+
+		$row_classes = 'on-this-day-post';
+		if ( $is_private ) {
+			$row_classes .= ' is-private';
+		}
+		?>
+		<li class="<?php echo esc_attr( $row_classes ); ?>">
+			<?php if ( $is_private ) : ?>
+				<span class="on-this-day-post-icon dashicons-before dashicons-lock" aria-hidden="true">
+			<?php else : ?>
+				<span class="on-this-day-post-icon dashicons-before dashicons-edit" aria-hidden="true">
+			<?php endif; ?>
+			</span>
+			<div class="on-this-day-post-body">
+				<span class="screen-reader-text">
+					<?php echo $is_private ? esc_html__( 'Private post' ) : esc_html__( 'Published post' ); ?>
+				</span>
+
+				<h4 class="on-this-day-post-title">
+					<?php if ( $edit_link ) : ?>
+						<a href="<?php echo esc_url( $edit_link ); ?>"><?php echo esc_html( $title ); ?></a>
+					<?php else : ?>
+						<?php echo esc_html( $title ); ?>
+					<?php endif; ?>
+				</h4>
+
+				<?php if ( $excerpt ) : ?>
+					<p class="on-this-day-post-excerpt"><?php echo esc_html( $excerpt ); ?></p>
+				<?php endif; ?>
+
+				<div class="on-this-day-post-meta">
+					<time class="on-this-day-post-time" datetime="<?php echo esc_attr( $time_iso ); ?>">
+						<?php echo esc_html( $time_str ); ?>
+					</time>
+
+					<?php if ( ! empty( $categories ) ) : ?>
+						<span class="on-this-day-post-sep" aria-hidden="true">&middot;</span>
+						<span class="on-this-day-post-categories">
+							<?php
+							$names = wp_list_pluck( array_slice( $categories, 0, 3 ), 'name' );
+							echo esc_html( implode( ', ', $names ) );
+							?>
+						</span>
+					<?php endif; ?>
+
+					<?php if ( $is_private ) : ?>
+						<span class="on-this-day-post-sep" aria-hidden="true">&middot;</span>
+						<span class="on-this-day-post-private"><?php _e( 'Private' ); ?></span>
+					<?php endif; ?>
+
+					<?php if ( $edit_link || ( 'publish' === $status && $view_link ) ) : ?>
+						<span class="on-this-day-post-actions">
+							<?php if ( $edit_link ) : ?>
+								<a class="on-this-day-post-action" href="<?php echo esc_url( $edit_link ); ?>"><?php _e( 'Edit' ); ?></a>
+							<?php endif; ?>
+							<?php if ( 'publish' === $status && $view_link ) : ?>
+								<a class="on-this-day-post-action" href="<?php echo esc_url( $view_link ); ?>" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><?php _e( 'View' ); ?></a>
+							<?php endif; ?>
+						</span>
+					<?php endif; ?>
+				</div>
+			</div>
+		</li>
+		<?php
+	}
+}
diff --git a/src/wp-admin/includes/dashboard.php b/src/wp-admin/includes/dashboard.php
index 5415e5961bf7b..7e73130e60136 100644
--- a/src/wp-admin/includes/dashboard.php
+++ b/src/wp-admin/includes/dashboard.php
@@ -88,6 +88,23 @@ function wp_dashboard_setup() {
 		wp_add_dashboard_widget( 'dashboard_quick_press', $quick_draft_title, 'wp_dashboard_quick_press' );
 	}
 
+	// On This Day.
+	if ( is_blog_admin() && current_user_can( 'edit_posts' ) ) {
+		if ( ! class_exists( 'WP_On_This_Day' ) ) {
+			require_once ABSPATH . 'wp-admin/includes/class-wp-on-this-day.php';
+		}
+
+		wp_enqueue_style( 'on-this-day' );
+
+		$on_this_day_title = sprintf(
+			'<span class="on-this-day-title-main dashicons-before dashicons-calendar-alt">%1$s</span><span class="on-this-day-title-date">%2$s</span>',
+			__( 'On This Day' ),
+			esc_html( date_i18n( 'F j' ) )
+		);
+
+		wp_add_dashboard_widget( 'dashboard_on_this_day', $on_this_day_title, array( 'WP_On_This_Day', 'render_dashboard_widget' ) );
+	}
+
 	// WordPress Events and News.
 	wp_add_dashboard_widget( 'dashboard_primary', __( 'WordPress Events and News' ), 'wp_dashboard_events_news' );
 
diff --git a/src/wp-includes/script-loader.php b/src/wp-includes/script-loader.php
index 42d42b3f8781d..74754f413c1ee 100644
--- a/src/wp-includes/script-loader.php
+++ b/src/wp-includes/script-loader.php
@@ -1634,6 +1634,7 @@ function wp_default_styles( $styles ) {
 	$styles->add( 'l10n', "/wp-admin/css/l10n$suffix.css" );
 	$styles->add( 'code-editor', "/wp-admin/css/code-editor$suffix.css", array( 'wp-codemirror' ) );
 	$styles->add( 'site-health', "/wp-admin/css/site-health$suffix.css" );
+	$styles->add( 'on-this-day', "/wp-admin/css/on-this-day$suffix.css" );
 
 	$styles->add( 'wp-admin', false, array( 'dashicons', 'common', 'forms', 'admin-menu', 'dashboard', 'list-tables', 'edit', 'revisions', 'media', 'themes', 'about', 'nav-menus', 'widgets', 'site-icon', 'l10n', 'wp-base-styles' ) );
 
@@ -1855,6 +1856,7 @@ function wp_default_styles( $styles ) {
 		'customize-preview',
 		'login',
 		'site-health',
+		'on-this-day',
 		'wp-empty-template-alert',
 		// Includes CSS.
 		'buttons',