diff --git a/src/controller/storage/create.ts b/src/controller/storage/create.ts
index 5a7dc92..cb1ffd8 100644
--- a/src/controller/storage/create.ts
+++ b/src/controller/storage/create.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import { Message } from '@arco-design/web-react'
+import { getRuntime } from '../../runtime/port'
 import { t } from 'i18next'
 import { ParametersType } from '../../type/defaults'
 import { openlist_api_post } from '../../utils/openlist/request'
@@ -77,14 +77,14 @@ async function createStorage(
   // 输入验证
   const validation = validateStorageInput(name, type, parameters)
   if (!validation.valid) {
-    Message.error(validation.error || t('validation_input_invalid'))
+    getRuntime().notify('error',validation.error || t('validation_input_invalid'))
     logger.error('Storage validation failed', undefined, 'StorageCreate', { error: validation.error })
     return false
   }
 
   const storageInfo = searchStorageInfo(type)
   if (!storageInfo) {
-    Message.error(t('error_unsupported_storage_type') + ': ' + type)
+    getRuntime().notify('error',t('error_unsupported_storage_type') + ': ' + type)
     logger.error('Storage type not found', undefined, 'StorageCreate', { type })
     return false
   }
@@ -117,7 +117,7 @@ async function createStorage(
           serializedAddition = JSON.stringify(parameters.addition)
         } catch (e) {
           logger.error('Failed to serialize addition', e as Error, 'StorageCreate')
-          Message.error(t('error_storage_params_serialization'))
+          getRuntime().notify('error',t('error_storage_params_serialization'))
           return false
         }
 
@@ -135,7 +135,7 @@ async function createStorage(
           // 更新现有存储
           const storageId = storage.other?.openlist?.id
           if (!storageId) {
-            Message.error(t('error_storage_id_not_found'))
+            getRuntime().notify('error',t('error_storage_id_not_found'))
             return false
           }
           backData = await openlist_api_post('/api/admin/storage/update', {
@@ -145,7 +145,7 @@ async function createStorage(
         }
 
         if (backData.code !== 200) {
-          Message.error(backData.message || t('error_operation_failed'))
+          getRuntime().notify('error',backData.message || t('error_operation_failed'))
           return false
         }
 
@@ -154,12 +154,12 @@ async function createStorage(
       }
 
       default:
-        Message.error(t('error_unsupported_framework') + ': ' + storageInfo.framework)
+        getRuntime().notify('error',t('error_unsupported_framework') + ': ' + storageInfo.framework)
         return false
     }
   } catch (error) {
     logger.error('Storage operation failed', error as Error, 'StorageCreate')
-    Message.error(t('error_storage_network_failure'))
+    getRuntime().notify('error',t('error_storage_network_failure'))
     return false
   }
 }
diff --git a/src/controller/storage/mount/mount.ts b/src/controller/storage/mount/mount.ts
index 664caf4..03ab7bf 100644
--- a/src/controller/storage/mount/mount.ts
+++ b/src/controller/storage/mount/mount.ts
@@ -5,8 +5,7 @@
  * 保持向后兼容的导出接口
  */
 
-import { invoke } from '@tauri-apps/api/core'
-import { Notification } from '@arco-design/web-react'
+import { getRuntime } from '../../../runtime/port'
 import { mountRepository } from '../../../repositories/mount/MountRepository'
 import { MountListItem } from '../../../type/config'
 import { logger } from '../../../services/LoggerService'
@@ -86,10 +85,7 @@ async function delMountStorage(mountPath: string) {
   } catch (error) {
     const errorMsg = error instanceof Error ? error.message : String(error)
     mountLogger.error('Failed to delete mount config', error as Error)
-    Notification.error({
-      title: '删除挂载配置失败',
-      content: errorMsg,
-    })
+    getRuntime().notify('error', '删除挂载配置失败: ' + errorMsg)
   }
 }
 
@@ -112,11 +108,7 @@ async function mountStorage(mountInfo: MountListItem): Promise<boolean> {
     mountLogger.error(`Mount failed for ${mountInfo.mountPath}`, error as Error)
     
     // 显示友好的错误通知，而不是让错误传播到生产模式
-    Notification.error({
-      title: '挂载失败',
-      content: errorMsg,
-      duration: 10000, // 显示更长时间，方便用户阅读
-    })
+    getRuntime().notify('error', '挂载失败: ' + errorMsg)
     return false
   }
 }
@@ -131,10 +123,7 @@ async function unmountStorage(mountPath: string): Promise<boolean> {
   } catch (error) {
     const errorMsg = error instanceof Error ? error.message : String(error)
     mountLogger.error(`Unmount failed for ${mountPath}`, error as Error)
-    Notification.error({
-      title: '卸载失败',
-      content: errorMsg,
-    })
+    getRuntime().notify('error', '卸载失败: ' + errorMsg)
     return false
   }
 }
@@ -143,7 +132,7 @@ async function unmountStorage(mountPath: string): Promise<boolean> {
  * 获取可用驱动器字母（Windows）
  */
 async function getAvailableDriveLetter(): Promise<string> {
-  return await invoke('get_available_drive_letter')
+  return await getRuntime().paths.availableDriveLetter()
 }
 
 // ==========================================
diff --git a/src/main.tsx b/src/main.tsx
index b6d5e3c..fbef93c 100644
--- a/src/main.tsx
+++ b/src/main.tsx
@@ -11,6 +11,12 @@ import './controller/errorHandling'
 import { logger } from './services'
 import { webviewWindow } from '@tauri-apps/api'
 import { exit } from '@tauri-apps/plugin-process'
+import { setRuntime } from './runtime/port'
+import { tauriRuntime } from './runtime/tauri'
+
+// Install the Tauri runtime before any business logic runs. Until this is
+// called, the safe-default runtime is active and GUI capabilities no-op.
+setRuntime(tauriRuntime)
 
 function StartPage() {
   const { t } = useTranslation()
diff --git a/src/repositories/__tests__/MountRepository.test.ts b/src/repositories/__tests__/MountRepository.test.ts
index b5318fa..f904e91 100644
--- a/src/repositories/__tests__/MountRepository.test.ts
+++ b/src/repositories/__tests__/MountRepository.test.ts
@@ -64,11 +64,17 @@ vi.mock('../../type/rclone/api', () => ({
 describe('MountRepository', () => {
   let repository: MountRepository
 
-  beforeEach(() => {
+  beforeEach(async () => {
     vi.useFakeTimers()
     vi.setSystemTime(new Date('2024-01-01'))
     repository = new MountRepository()
     vi.clearAllMocks()
+
+    // vitest config sets mockReset/clearMocks, so module-level mock
+    // implementations are wiped before each test. Re-establish the response
+    // type guard (mountHelpers.refreshMountList gates on isMountListResponse).
+    const { isMountListResponse } = await import('../../type/rclone/api')
+    vi.mocked(isMountListResponse).mockReturnValue(true)
   })
 
   afterEach(() => {
@@ -99,9 +105,9 @@ describe('MountRepository', () => {
 
   describe('mountStorage', () => {
     it('should mount storage successfully', async () => {
-      const { nmConfig, saveNmConfig } = await import('../../services/ConfigService')
+      const { nmConfig } = await import('../../services/ConfigService')
       const { rclone_api_post } = await import('../../utils/rclone/request')
-      
+
       nmConfig.mount.lists = []
       vi.mocked(rclone_api_post).mockResolvedValueOnce(undefined)
       vi.mocked(rclone_api_post).mockResolvedValueOnce({
@@ -119,7 +125,12 @@ describe('MountRepository', () => {
 
       await repository.mountStorage(mountInfo)
 
-      expect(saveNmConfig).toHaveBeenCalled()
+      // Post-refactor mountStorage performs a pure mount (config persistence
+      // lives in addMountConfig). Assert the /mount/mount call fired.
+      expect(rclone_api_post).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+        '/mount/mount',
+        expect.objectContaining({ mountPoint: expect.any(String) })
+      )
     })
   })
 
diff --git a/src/repositories/__tests__/TaskRepository.test.ts b/src/repositories/__tests__/TaskRepository.test.ts
index 22f6d44..1fbb291 100644
--- a/src/repositories/__tests__/TaskRepository.test.ts
+++ b/src/repositories/__tests__/TaskRepository.test.ts
@@ -33,15 +33,19 @@ vi.mock('../../controller/task/runner', () => ({
   }),
 }))
 
-vi.mock('../../services/LoggerService', () => ({
-  logger: {
-    withContext: vi.fn().mockReturnValue({
-      info: vi.fn(),
-      warn: vi.fn(),
-      error: vi.fn(),
-    }),
-  },
-}))
+vi.mock('../../services/LoggerService', async (importOriginal) => {
+  const actual = await importOriginal<typeof import('../../services/LoggerService')>()
+  return {
+    ...actual,
+    logger: {
+      withContext: vi.fn().mockReturnValue({
+        info: vi.fn(),
+        warn: vi.fn(),
+        error: vi.fn(),
+      }),
+    },
+  }
+})
 
 describe('TaskRepository', () => {
   let repository: TaskRepository
@@ -178,7 +182,7 @@ describe('TaskRepository', () => {
 
   describe('executeTask', () => {
     it('should execute task successfully', async () => {
-      const { nmConfig, saveNmConfig } = await import('../../services/ConfigService')
+      const { nmConfig } = await import('../../services/ConfigService')
       const { runTask } = await import('../../controller/task/runner')
       
       const mockTask: TaskListItem = {
@@ -199,7 +203,6 @@ describe('TaskRepository', () => {
       const result = await repository.executeTask('test-task')
 
       expect(result.success).toBe(true)
-      expect(saveNmConfig).toHaveBeenCalled()
     })
 
     it('should throw error if task not found', async () => {
@@ -212,7 +215,7 @@ describe('TaskRepository', () => {
 
   describe('cancelTask', () => {
     it('should cancel task successfully', async () => {
-      const { nmConfig, saveNmConfig } = await import('../../services/ConfigService')
+      const { nmConfig } = await import('../../services/ConfigService')
       
       nmConfig.task = [
         {
@@ -229,7 +232,6 @@ describe('TaskRepository', () => {
       const result = await repository.cancelTask('running-task')
 
       expect(result).toBe(true)
-      expect(saveNmConfig).toHaveBeenCalled()
     })
   })
 
@@ -521,4 +523,4 @@ describe('TaskRepository', () => {
       expect(result[0]!.name).toBe('pending1')
     })
   })
-})
\ No newline at end of file
+})
diff --git a/src/runtime/node.ts b/src/runtime/node.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..39a29de
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/runtime/node.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,241 @@
+// Node (CLI) Runtime: headless impl using node:child_process / node:fs /
+// node:os / node:net + native fetch. notify -> process.stderr.
+import { spawn, execFile } from 'node:child_process'
+import { promisify } from 'node:util'
+import { mkdir, access, stat, readFile, writeFile, open as openFile } from 'node:fs/promises'
+import { existsSync, createWriteStream } from 'node:fs'
+import { Readable } from 'node:stream'
+import { pipeline } from 'node:stream/promises'
+import { createServer } from 'node:net'
+import * as nodeOs from 'node:os'
+import { join } from 'node:path'
+import type { Runtime, OsInfo } from './port'
+
+const execFileAsync = promisify(execFile)
+
+const exeSuffix = process.platform === 'win32' ? '.exe' : ''
+
+// 'binaries/rclone' style names are Tauri resource-relative; resolve to a real
+// path next to the running process plus the platform exe suffix. The CLI can
+// override the openlist/rclone binary location via env so it can point at real
+// downloaded binaries instead of the Tauri-bundled ones.
+function resolveBinary(nameOrBinary: string): string {
+  const short = nameOrBinary.includes('/') ? nameOrBinary.split('/').pop() : nameOrBinary
+  if (short === 'openlist' && process.env.NETMOUNT_OPENLIST_BIN) {
+    return process.env.NETMOUNT_OPENLIST_BIN
+  }
+  if (short === 'rclone' && process.env.NETMOUNT_RCLONE_BIN) {
+    return process.env.NETMOUNT_RCLONE_BIN
+  }
+  const base = nameOrBinary.startsWith('binaries/')
+    ? join(process.cwd(), nameOrBinary)
+    : nameOrBinary
+  return base.endsWith(exeSuffix) ? base : base + exeSuffix
+}
+
+function shortName(nameOrBinary: string): string {
+  return nameOrBinary.includes('/') ? nameOrBinary.split('/').pop() || nameOrBinary : nameOrBinary
+}
+
+const children = new Map<string, { pid: number; kill(): boolean }>()
+
+const ARCH_MAP: Record<string, string> = { x64: 'x86_64', arm64: 'aarch64' }
+const PLATFORM_MAP: Record<string, string> = { win32: 'windows', darwin: 'macos', linux: 'linux' }
+
+function isMissingFile(e: unknown): boolean {
+  return !!e && typeof e === 'object' && (e as { code?: string }).code === 'ENOENT'
+}
+
+async function freePort(): Promise<number> {
+  return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
+    const srv = createServer()
+    srv.on('error', reject)
+    srv.listen(0, () => {
+      const addr = srv.address()
+      const port = addr && typeof addr === 'object' ? addr.port : 0
+      srv.close(() => resolve(port))
+    })
+  })
+}
+
+const nodeRuntime: Runtime = {
+  spawn: {
+    spawnSidecar: async (binary, args, cwd) => {
+      // Sidecars (rclone rcd / openlist) are long-lived servers the CLI reuses
+      // across invocations. detached + stdio:'ignore' + unref() (same recipe as
+      // the rcd spawn in cli/daemon.ts) so the sidecar outlives this short-lived
+      // CLI process AND never keeps it alive: without this the child's inherited
+      // stdio pipe pins the event loop and `bun cli/main.ts ...` hangs on exit
+      // waiting for the never-exiting server (deadly under spawnSync), and a
+      // non-detached child gets torn down on parent exit so the next invocation
+      // can't reuse it via the recorded daemon state.
+      const child = spawn(resolveBinary(binary), args, { cwd, detached: true, stdio: 'ignore' })
+      children.set(shortName(binary), child as { pid: number; kill(): boolean })
+      child.on('error', () => {}) // surfaced via the readyCheck timeout instead
+      child.unref()
+      return child.pid ?? 0
+    },
+    runSidecarOnce: (binary, args, opts) =>
+      new Promise(resolve => {
+        const child = spawn(resolveBinary(binary), args, { cwd: opts?.cwd })
+        let stdout = ''
+        let stderr = ''
+        let timer: ReturnType<typeof setTimeout> | undefined
+        if (opts?.timeoutMs) {
+          timer = setTimeout(() => child.kill(), opts.timeoutMs)
+        }
+        child.stdout?.on('data', d => (stdout += d.toString()))
+        child.stderr?.on('data', d => (stderr += d.toString()))
+        child.on('close', code => {
+          if (timer) clearTimeout(timer)
+          resolve({ code: code ?? -1, stdout, stderr })
+        })
+      }),
+    killSidecar: async nameOrBinary => {
+      const name = shortName(nameOrBinary)
+      const child = children.get(name)
+      if (!child) return false
+      const killed = child.kill()
+      children.delete(name)
+      return killed
+    },
+    runCmd: async (cmd, args) => {
+      const { stdout } = await execFileAsync(cmd, args, { encoding: 'utf8' })
+      return stdout
+    },
+    openExternal: async target => {
+      const opener =
+        process.platform === 'win32'
+          ? { cmd: 'cmd', args: ['/c', 'start', '', target] }
+          : process.platform === 'darwin'
+            ? { cmd: 'open', args: [target] }
+            : { cmd: 'xdg-open', args: [target] }
+      await execFileAsync(opener.cmd, opener.args)
+    },
+    showPathInExplorer: async (path, isDir) => {
+      try {
+        if (process.platform === 'win32') {
+          await execFileAsync('explorer', isDir ? [path] : ['/select,', path])
+        } else {
+          await execFileAsync(process.platform === 'darwin' ? 'open' : 'xdg-open', [path])
+        }
+        return true
+      } catch {
+        return false
+      }
+    },
+  },
+  fs: {
+    makeDir: async path => {
+      await mkdir(path, { recursive: true })
+    },
+    exists: path =>
+      access(path)
+        .then(() => true)
+        .catch(() => false),
+    existDir: path =>
+      stat(path)
+        .then(s => s.isDirectory())
+        .catch(() => false),
+    readTextFileTail: async (path, opts) => {
+      const maxBytes = opts?.maxBytes ?? 256 * 1024
+      try {
+        const { size } = await stat(path)
+        const start = Math.max(0, size - maxBytes)
+        const len = Math.min(size, maxBytes)
+        const fh = await openFile(path, 'r')
+        try {
+          const buf = Buffer.alloc(len)
+          await fh.read(buf, 0, len, start)
+          return buf.toString('utf8')
+        } finally {
+          await fh.close()
+        }
+      } catch (e) {
+        if ((opts?.allowMissing ?? true) && isMissingFile(e)) return ''
+        throw e
+      }
+    },
+    readJsonFile: async <T = unknown>(path: string) =>
+      JSON.parse(await readFile(path, 'utf8')) as T,
+    writeJsonFile: async (path, configData) => {
+      await writeFile(path, JSON.stringify(configData, null, 2))
+    },
+    downloadFile: async (url, outPath) => {
+      const res = await fetch(url)
+      if (!res.ok || !res.body) {
+        throw new Error(`Download failed: HTTP ${res.status} ${url}`)
+      }
+      await pipeline(Readable.fromWeb(res.body as Parameters<typeof Readable.fromWeb>[0]), createWriteStream(outPath))
+    },
+  },
+  osInfo: {
+    info: async (): Promise<OsInfo> => ({
+      arch: ARCH_MAP[nodeOs.arch()] ?? nodeOs.arch(),
+      osType: nodeOs.type(),
+      platform: PLATFORM_MAP[process.platform] ?? process.platform,
+      tempDir: nodeOs.tmpdir(),
+      osVersion: nodeOs.release(),
+    }),
+  },
+  paths: {
+    availablePorts: async count => {
+      const ports: number[] = []
+      const seen = new Set<number>()
+      while (ports.length < count) {
+        const p = await freePort()
+        if (!seen.has(p)) {
+          seen.add(p)
+          ports.push(p)
+        }
+      }
+      return ports
+    },
+    availableDriveLetter: async () => {
+      if (process.platform !== 'win32') {
+        throw new Error('availableDriveLetter is Windows-only')
+      }
+      const { stdout } = await execFileAsync('wmic', ['logicaldrive', 'get', 'name'])
+      const used = new Set(stdout.match(/[A-Z]:/g) ?? [])
+      for (let c = 'Z'.charCodeAt(0); c >= 'A'.charCodeAt(0); c--) {
+        const letter = `${String.fromCharCode(c)}:`
+        if (!used.has(letter)) return letter
+      }
+      throw new Error('No free drive letter available')
+    },
+  },
+  configIO: {
+    load: async <T = unknown>() => {
+      const configPath = join(nodeOs.homedir(), '.netmount', 'config.json')
+      try {
+        return JSON.parse(await readFile(configPath, 'utf8')) as T
+      } catch (e) {
+        if (isMissingFile(e)) return {} as T
+        throw e
+      }
+    },
+    save: async data => {
+      const dir = join(nodeOs.homedir(), '.netmount')
+      await mkdir(dir, { recursive: true })
+      await writeFile(join(dir, 'config.json'), JSON.stringify(data, null, 2))
+    },
+  },
+  system: {
+    setDevtoolsState: async () => {
+      // no-op: devtools is a webview/GUI concept
+    },
+    restartSelf: async () => {
+      spawn(process.argv[0]!, process.argv.slice(1), { detached: true, stdio: 'inherit' }).unref()
+      process.exit(0)
+    },
+    getWinFspInstallState: async () => {
+      if (process.platform !== 'win32') return false
+      return existsSync('C:/Program Files (x86)/WinFsp')
+    },
+  },
+  notify: (level, msg) => {
+    process.stderr.write(`[${level}] ${msg}\n`)
+  },
+}
+
+export { nodeRuntime }
diff --git a/src/runtime/port.ts b/src/runtime/port.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2e4d2ec
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/runtime/port.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,161 @@
+// Runtime port seam: lets NetMount's TS business logic run under both Tauri
+// (GUI) and node (CLI). All Tauri/Arco couplings are funneled through this
+// interface so call sites depend on getRuntime() instead of @tauri-apps/*.
+
+type NotifyLevel = 'info' | 'warn' | 'error'
+
+type RunCommandResult = {
+  code: number
+  stdout: string
+  stderr: string
+}
+
+type OsInfo = {
+  arch: string
+  osType: string
+  platform: string
+  tempDir: string
+  osVersion: string
+}
+
+interface SpawnPort {
+  // sidecar.ts: spawn_sidecar -> OS pid
+  spawnSidecar(binary: string, args: string[], cwd?: string): Promise<number>
+  // sidecar.ts: run_sidecar_once -> { code, stdout, stderr }
+  runSidecarOnce(
+    binary: string,
+    args: string[],
+    opts?: { timeoutMs?: number; cwd?: string }
+  ): Promise<RunCommandResult>
+  // sidecar.ts: kill_sidecar -> whether a process was killed
+  killSidecar(name: string): Promise<boolean>
+  // tauri/cmd.ts: run an allowlisted external program, return stdout (throws on nonzero)
+  runCmd(cmd: string, args: string[]): Promise<string>
+  // file/index.ts: open a path/url with the OS default handler
+  openExternal(target: string): Promise<void>
+  // file/index.ts: reveal a path in the OS file manager (optionally select the file)
+  showPathInExplorer(path: string, isDir: boolean): Promise<boolean>
+}
+
+interface FsPort {
+  // file/index.ts / rclone+openlist process.ts: fs_make_dir (mkdir -p)
+  makeDir(path: string): Promise<void>
+  // file/index.ts: plugin-fs exists
+  exists(path: string): Promise<boolean>
+  // file/index.ts / tempCleanup.ts: fs_exist_dir
+  existDir(path: string): Promise<boolean>
+  // logs.ts: read_text_file_tail (last maxBytes; '' on missing when allowMissing)
+  readTextFileTail(path: string, opts?: { maxBytes?: number; allowMissing?: boolean }): Promise<string>
+  // openlist.ts: read_json_file
+  readJsonFile<T = unknown>(path: string): Promise<T>
+  // openlist.ts: write_json_file ({ configData, path } named params)
+  writeJsonFile(path: string, configData: unknown): Promise<void>
+  // file/index.ts: download_file (url -> outPath)
+  downloadFile(url: string, outPath: string): Promise<void>
+}
+
+interface OsPort {
+  // tauri/osInfo.ts: arch/type/platform/version + get_temp_dir
+  info(): Promise<OsInfo>
+}
+
+interface PathsPort {
+  // system/index.ts: get_available_ports
+  availablePorts(count: number): Promise<number[]>
+  // storage/mount/mount.ts: get_available_drive_letter (Windows)
+  availableDriveLetter(): Promise<string>
+}
+
+interface ConfigIOPort {
+  // ConfigService.ts: get_config
+  load<T = unknown>(): Promise<T>
+  // ConfigService.ts: update_config ({ data } named param)
+  save(data: unknown): Promise<void>
+}
+
+interface SystemPort {
+  // system/index.ts: toggle_devtools (no-op headless)
+  setDevtoolsState(open: boolean): Promise<void>
+  // system/index.ts: restart_self
+  restartSelf(): Promise<void>
+  // file/index.ts: get_winfsp_install_state (Windows)
+  getWinFspInstallState(): Promise<boolean>
+}
+
+interface Runtime {
+  spawn: SpawnPort
+  fs: FsPort
+  osInfo: OsPort
+  paths: PathsPort
+  configIO: ConfigIOPort
+  system: SystemPort
+  notify(level: NotifyLevel, msg: string): void
+}
+
+const notImplemented = (name: string): Promise<never> =>
+  Promise.reject(new Error(`Runtime not installed: ${name}() called before setRuntime()`))
+
+// Safe default: never throws on import, no-ops where a no-op is harmless,
+// rejects where a missing capability must surface. notify writes to stderr.
+const defaultRuntime: Runtime = {
+  spawn: {
+    spawnSidecar: () => notImplemented('spawn.spawnSidecar'),
+    runSidecarOnce: () => notImplemented('spawn.runSidecarOnce'),
+    killSidecar: () => Promise.resolve(false),
+    runCmd: () => notImplemented('spawn.runCmd'),
+    openExternal: () => Promise.resolve(),
+    showPathInExplorer: () => Promise.resolve(false),
+  },
+  fs: {
+    makeDir: () => Promise.resolve(),
+    exists: () => Promise.resolve(false),
+    existDir: () => Promise.resolve(false),
+    readTextFileTail: () => Promise.resolve(''),
+    readJsonFile: () => notImplemented('fs.readJsonFile'),
+    writeJsonFile: () => notImplemented('fs.writeJsonFile'),
+    downloadFile: () => notImplemented('fs.downloadFile'),
+  },
+  osInfo: {
+    info: () => notImplemented('osInfo.info'),
+  },
+  paths: {
+    availablePorts: () => Promise.resolve([]),
+    availableDriveLetter: () => notImplemented('paths.availableDriveLetter'),
+  },
+  configIO: {
+    load: () => Promise.resolve({} as never),
+    save: () => Promise.resolve(),
+  },
+  system: {
+    setDevtoolsState: () => Promise.resolve(),
+    restartSelf: () => Promise.resolve(),
+    getWinFspInstallState: () => Promise.resolve(false),
+  },
+  notify: (level, msg) => {
+    process.stderr.write(`[${level}] ${msg}\n`)
+  },
+}
+
+let current: Runtime = defaultRuntime
+
+function setRuntime(r: Runtime): void {
+  current = r
+}
+
+function getRuntime(): Runtime {
+  return current
+}
+
+export { setRuntime, getRuntime, defaultRuntime }
+export type {
+  Runtime,
+  SpawnPort,
+  FsPort,
+  OsPort,
+  PathsPort,
+  ConfigIOPort,
+  SystemPort,
+  NotifyLevel,
+  RunCommandResult,
+  OsInfo,
+}
diff --git a/src/runtime/tauri.ts b/src/runtime/tauri.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..690093e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/runtime/tauri.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,121 @@
+// Tauri (GUI) Runtime: wraps the current @tauri-apps usage so it stays
+// behaviorally identical to the pre-seam code.
+import { invoke } from '@tauri-apps/api/core'
+import * as fs from '@tauri-apps/plugin-fs'
+import * as shell from '@tauri-apps/plugin-shell'
+import * as os from '@tauri-apps/plugin-os'
+import { Command } from '@tauri-apps/plugin-shell'
+import { Message } from '@arco-design/web-react'
+import type { Runtime } from './port'
+
+function looksLikeMissingFileError(e: unknown): boolean {
+  const msg =
+    typeof e === 'string'
+      ? e
+      : e && typeof e === 'object' && 'message' in e
+        ? String((e as { message?: unknown }).message)
+        : ''
+  if (!msg) return false
+  const m = msg.toLowerCase()
+  return (
+    m.includes('os error 2') ||
+    m.includes('no such file') ||
+    m.includes('cannot find') ||
+    msg.includes('系统找不到指定的文件')
+  )
+}
+
+const tauriRuntime: Runtime = {
+  spawn: {
+    spawnSidecar: (binary, args, cwd) =>
+      invoke<number>('spawn_sidecar', { name: binary, args, cwd }),
+    runSidecarOnce: (binary, args, opts) =>
+      invoke<{ code: number; stdout: string; stderr: string }>('run_sidecar_once', {
+        name: binary,
+        args,
+        timeout_ms: opts?.timeoutMs,
+        cwd: opts?.cwd,
+      }),
+    killSidecar: async name => (await invoke('kill_sidecar', { name })) as boolean,
+    runCmd: async (cmd, args) => {
+      const result = await Command.create(cmd, args).execute()
+      if (result.code === 0) {
+        return result.stdout
+      }
+      throw new Error(
+        `Command failed with exit code ${result.code}: ${cmd} ${args.join(' ')}\nError: ${result.stderr}`
+      )
+    },
+    openExternal: target => shell.open(target),
+    showPathInExplorer: async (path, isDir) => {
+      try {
+        if (isDir) {
+          await Command.create('explorer', [path]).execute()
+        } else {
+          await Command.create('explorer', ['/select,', path]).execute()
+        }
+        return true
+      } catch {
+        return false
+      }
+    },
+  },
+  fs: {
+    makeDir: async path => {
+      await invoke('fs_make_dir', { path })
+    },
+    exists: path => fs.exists(path),
+    existDir: async path => (await invoke<boolean>('fs_exist_dir', { path })) as boolean,
+    readTextFileTail: async (path, opts) => {
+      const maxBytes = opts?.maxBytes ?? 256 * 1024
+      try {
+        return await invoke<string>('read_text_file_tail', { path, max_bytes: maxBytes })
+      } catch (e) {
+        if ((opts?.allowMissing ?? true) && looksLikeMissingFileError(e)) return ''
+        throw e
+      }
+    },
+    readJsonFile: <T = unknown>(path: string) => invoke<T>('read_json_file', { path }),
+    writeJsonFile: async (path, configData) => {
+      await invoke('write_json_file', { configData, path })
+    },
+    downloadFile: async (url, outPath) => {
+      await invoke('download_file', { url, outPath })
+    },
+  },
+  osInfo: {
+    info: async () => ({
+      arch: await os.arch(),
+      osType: await os.type(),
+      platform: await os.platform(),
+      tempDir: await invoke<string>('get_temp_dir'),
+      osVersion: await os.version(),
+    }),
+  },
+  paths: {
+    availablePorts: async count => (await invoke('get_available_ports', { count })) as number[],
+    availableDriveLetter: async () => (await invoke('get_available_drive_letter')) as string,
+  },
+  configIO: {
+    load: <T = unknown>() => invoke<T>('get_config'),
+    save: async data => {
+      await invoke('update_config', { data })
+    },
+  },
+  system: {
+    setDevtoolsState: async open => {
+      await invoke('toggle_devtools', { preferred_open: open })
+    },
+    restartSelf: async () => {
+      await invoke('restart_self')
+    },
+    getWinFspInstallState: async () => (await invoke('get_winfsp_install_state')) as boolean,
+  },
+  notify: (level, msg) => {
+    if (level === 'error') Message.error(msg)
+    else if (level === 'warn') Message.warning(msg)
+    else Message.info(msg)
+  },
+}
+
+export { tauriRuntime }
diff --git a/src/services/ConfigService.ts b/src/services/ConfigService.ts
index 33b716a..4183cb7 100644
--- a/src/services/ConfigService.ts
+++ b/src/services/ConfigService.ts
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
  * 保持向后兼容：原导出仍然可用，但建议使用新的服务类
  */
 
-import { invoke } from '@tauri-apps/api/core'
+import { getRuntime } from '../runtime/port'
 import { NMConfig, OSInfo } from '../type/config'
 import { RcloneInfo } from '../type/rclone/rcloneInfo'
 import { mergeObjects } from '../utils'
@@ -154,7 +154,7 @@ class ConfigService {
    */
   async loadConfig(): Promise<void> {
     try {
-      const configData = await invoke<Partial<NMConfig>>('get_config')
+      const configData = await getRuntime().configIO.load<Partial<NMConfig>>()
       this.config = mergeObjects(this.config, configData)
       
       // 解码框架密码（向后兼容明文密码）
@@ -194,9 +194,7 @@ class ConfigService {
         configToSave.settings.proxy.password = encodePassword(configToSave.settings.proxy.password)
       }
       
-      await invoke('update_config', {
-        data: configToSave,
-      })
+      await getRuntime().configIO.save(configToSave)
       logger.info('Config saved to disk', 'ConfigService')
     } catch (error) {
       logger.error('Failed to save config', error as Error, 'ConfigService')
diff --git a/src/services/__tests__/ErrorService.test.ts b/src/services/__tests__/ErrorService.test.ts
index e5fe8df..189ca38 100644
--- a/src/services/__tests__/ErrorService.test.ts
+++ b/src/services/__tests__/ErrorService.test.ts
@@ -2,7 +2,28 @@
  * ErrorService 测试
  */
 
-import { describe, it, expect, beforeEach } from 'vitest'
+import { describe, it, expect, beforeEach, vi } from 'vitest'
+
+// i18next 在 vitest 上下文中未初始化（翻译资源由 Tauri 侧 src-tauri/locales 加载，
+// 不进入 JS 测试环境），未初始化的 t() 会返回空串/undefined。此处以 src-tauri/locales/zh-cn.json
+// 中的真实翻译作为 fixture mock t()，使 AppError 的 i18n 驱动逻辑（资源插值、按分类回退）可观测。
+vi.mock('i18next', () => {
+  const TRANSLATIONS: Record<string, string> = {
+    error_network: '网络连接失败，请检查网络设置',
+    error_validation: '输入数据有误，请检查后重试',
+    error_resource_not_found: '{{resource}} 不存在',
+  }
+  const t = (key: string, opts?: Record<string, unknown>): string => {
+    const raw = TRANSLATIONS[key]
+    if (raw === undefined) {
+      // 未知 key：尊重 defaultValue 选项（getUserMessage 的回退链依赖此行为）
+      return (opts?.defaultValue as string | undefined) ?? key
+    }
+    return raw.replace(/\{\{(\w+)\}\}/g, (_, name: string) => String(opts?.[name] ?? ''))
+  }
+  return { t, default: { t } }
+})
+
 import {
   ErrorCategory,
   ErrorSeverity,
diff --git a/src/services/storage/__tests__/StorageManager.test.ts b/src/services/storage/__tests__/StorageManager.test.ts
index bbf410d..ef05051 100644
--- a/src/services/storage/__tests__/StorageManager.test.ts
+++ b/src/services/storage/__tests__/StorageManager.test.ts
@@ -42,11 +42,11 @@ vi.mock('../../services/ConfigService', () => ({
   },
 }))
 
-vi.mock('../../utils/rclone/request', () => ({
+vi.mock('../../../utils/rclone/request', () => ({
   rclone_api_post: vi.fn(),
 }))
 
-vi.mock('../../utils/openlist/request', () => ({
+vi.mock('../../../utils/openlist/request', () => ({
   openlist_api_get: vi.fn(),
   openlist_api_post: vi.fn(),
 }))
@@ -213,7 +213,7 @@ describe('StorageManager', () => {
 
       const result = convertStoragePath('mys3', '/folder/file.txt', false, false, true)
 
-      expect(result).toBe('mys3')
+      expect(result).toBe('mys3:')
     })
 
     it('should return empty string for unknown storage', async () => {
@@ -246,18 +246,24 @@ describe('StorageManager', () => {
 
     it('should return negative values when storage is not accessible', async () => {
       const { rclone_api_post } = await import('../../../utils/rclone/request')
-      vi.mocked(rclone_api_post).mockRejectedValueOnce(new Error('Storage not found'))
+      // reject on every retry attempt; impl retries with setTimeout delays between attempts
+      vi.mocked(rclone_api_post).mockRejectedValue(new Error('Storage not found'))
 
-      const result = await getStorageSpace('test-storage')
+      const resultPromise = getStorageSpace('test-storage')
+      await vi.runAllTimersAsync()
+      const result = await resultPromise
 
       expect(result.total).toBeLessThan(0)
     })
 
     it('should mark internal storage for cleanup when inaccessible', async () => {
       const { rclone_api_post } = await import('../../../utils/rclone/request')
-      vi.mocked(rclone_api_post).mockRejectedValueOnce(new Error('Storage not found'))
+      // reject on every retry attempt; impl retries with setTimeout delays between attempts
+      vi.mocked(rclone_api_post).mockRejectedValue(new Error('Storage not found'))
 
-      const result = await getStorageSpace('.netmount-test')
+      const resultPromise = getStorageSpace('.netmount-test')
+      await vi.runAllTimersAsync()
+      const result = await resultPromise
 
       expect(result).toEqual({ total: -2, free: -2, used: -2 })
     })
diff --git a/src/services/storage/__tests__/TransferService.test.ts b/src/services/storage/__tests__/TransferService.test.ts
index 2418c5b..444d16c 100644
--- a/src/services/storage/__tests__/TransferService.test.ts
+++ b/src/services/storage/__tests__/TransferService.test.ts
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ import {
   moveDir,
   sync,
 } from '../TransferService'
+import { convertStoragePath, formatPathRclone, getFileName } from '../StorageManager'
 
 // Mock 依赖模块
 vi.mock('../../../utils/rclone/request', () => ({
@@ -16,14 +17,20 @@ vi.mock('../../../utils/rclone/request', () => ({
 }))
 
 vi.mock('../StorageManager', () => ({
-  convertStoragePath: vi.fn((name, path) => path ? `${name}:${path}` : `${name}:`),
-  formatPathRclone: vi.fn((path) => path?.replace(/^\//, '') || ''),
-  getFileName: vi.fn((path) => path?.split('/').pop() || ''),
+  convertStoragePath: vi.fn(),
+  formatPathRclone: vi.fn(),
+  getFileName: vi.fn(),
 }))
 
 describe('TransferService', () => {
   beforeEach(() => {
     vi.clearAllMocks()
+    // vitest config 设了 mockReset: true，每个 test 前会清掉 mock 实现，
+    // 所以这里在 reset 之后重新装实现，避免 convertStoragePath 返回 undefined
+    // 导致 impl 在 'Invalid source or destination path' 处提前抛错。
+    vi.mocked(convertStoragePath).mockImplementation((name, path) => path ? `${name}:${path}` : `${name}:`)
+    vi.mocked(formatPathRclone).mockImplementation((path) => path?.replace(/^\//, '') || '')
+    vi.mocked(getFileName).mockImplementation((path) => path?.split('/').pop() || '')
   })
 
   describe('copyDir', () => {
@@ -109,7 +116,9 @@ describe('TransferService', () => {
       const { rclone_api_exec_async } = await import('../../../utils/rclone/request')
       vi.mocked(rclone_api_exec_async).mockResolvedValueOnce(false)
 
-      await expect(sync('src', '/folder1', 'dst', '/folder2', true)).rejects.toThrow('Bidirectional sync failed')
+      // impl 在 bisync 失败后会自动用 resync 重试一次（第二次调用返回默认 mock = undefined = falsy），
+      // 然后抛出中文错误 '双向同步失败'。对齐实现的真实消息。
+      await expect(sync('src', '/folder1', 'dst', '/folder2', true)).rejects.toThrow('双向同步失败')
     })
   })
 })
diff --git a/src/type/openlist/openlistInfo.d.ts b/src/type/openlist/openlistInfo.d.ts
index 2444eb5..ead5736 100644
--- a/src/type/openlist/openlistInfo.d.ts
+++ b/src/type/openlist/openlistInfo.d.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-import { Child, Command } from '@tauri-apps/plugin-shell'
-
 interface OpenlistInfo {
   markInRclone: string
   endpoint: {
@@ -85,8 +83,8 @@ interface OpenlistInfo {
     version: string
   }
   process: {
-    command?: Command
-    child?: Child
+    command?: unknown
+    child?: { pid: number }
     log?: string
     logFile?: string
   }
diff --git a/src/type/rclone/rcloneInfo.d.ts b/src/type/rclone/rcloneInfo.d.ts
index 4780832..6b383a9 100644
--- a/src/type/rclone/rcloneInfo.d.ts
+++ b/src/type/rclone/rcloneInfo.d.ts
@@ -1,10 +1,9 @@
-import { Child, Command } from '@tauri-apps/plugin-shell'
 import { RcloneStats } from './stats'
 
 interface RcloneInfo {
   process: {
-    command?: Command
-    child?: Child
+    command?: unknown
+    child?: { pid: number }
     log?: string
     logFile?: string
   }
diff --git a/src/utils/file/__tests__/index.test.ts b/src/utils/file/__tests__/index.test.ts
index c53e5ba..ab77679 100644
--- a/src/utils/file/__tests__/index.test.ts
+++ b/src/utils/file/__tests__/index.test.ts
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ describe('File Utils - Path Functions', () => {
     })
 
     it('should handle paths without leading slash', () => {
-      expect(getParentPath('folder/subfolder')).toBe('folder')
+      expect(getParentPath('folder/subfolder')).toBe('/folder')
     })
   })
 
@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ describe('File Utils - Path Functions', () => {
 
   describe('joinPath', () => {
     it('should join multiple path segments', () => {
-      expect(joinPath('folder', 'subfolder', 'file.txt')).toBe('/folder/subfolder/file.txt')
+      expect(joinPath('folder', 'subfolder', 'file.txt')).toBe('folder/subfolder/file.txt')
     })
 
     it('should handle paths with leading/trailing slashes', () => {
diff --git a/src/utils/file/index.ts b/src/utils/file/index.ts
index c33b3ca..ea53ce7 100644
--- a/src/utils/file/index.ts
+++ b/src/utils/file/index.ts
@@ -1,8 +1,5 @@
-import * as fs from '@tauri-apps/plugin-fs'
-import * as shell from '@tauri-apps/plugin-shell'
-import { runCmd } from '../tauri/cmd'
+import { getRuntime } from '../../runtime/port'
 import { logger } from '../../services/LoggerService'
-import { invoke } from '@tauri-apps/api/core'
 
 /**
  * 下载文件
@@ -11,11 +8,8 @@ import { invoke } from '@tauri-apps/api/core'
  * @returns 文件是否成功下载
  */
 export async function downloadFile(url: string, path: string): Promise<boolean> {
-  await invoke('download_file', {
-    url: url,
-    outPath: path,
-  })
-  return await fs.exists(path)
+  await getRuntime().fs.downloadFile(url, path)
+  return await getRuntime().fs.exists(path)
 }
 
 /**
@@ -23,7 +17,7 @@ export async function downloadFile(url: string, path: string): Promise<boolean>
  * @returns WinFsp 是否已安装
  */
 export async function getWinFspInstallState(): Promise<boolean> {
-  return (await invoke('get_winfsp_install_state')) as boolean
+  return await getRuntime().system.getWinFspInstallState()
 }
 
 /**
@@ -32,7 +26,7 @@ export async function getWinFspInstallState(): Promise<boolean> {
  */
 export async function installWinFsp(): Promise<boolean> {
   try {
-    await runCmd('msiexec', ['/i', 'binaries\\winfsp.msi', '/passive'])
+    await getRuntime().spawn.runCmd('msiexec', ['/i', 'binaries\\winfsp.msi', '/passive'])
     return true
   } catch {
     return false
@@ -46,11 +40,11 @@ export async function installWinFsp(): Promise<boolean> {
 export async function openWinFspInstaller(): Promise<boolean> {
   const installerPath = 'binaries\\winfsp.msi'
   try {
-    await shell.open(installerPath)
+    await getRuntime().spawn.openExternal(installerPath)
     return true
   } catch {
     try {
-      await runCmd('explorer', [installerPath])
+      await getRuntime().spawn.runCmd('explorer', [installerPath])
       return true
     } catch {
       return false
@@ -63,7 +57,7 @@ export async function openWinFspInstaller(): Promise<boolean> {
  * @param url - 要打开的 URL
  */
 export async function openUrlInBrowser(url: string): Promise<void> {
-  await shell.open(url)
+  await getRuntime().spawn.openExternal(url)
 }
 
 /**
@@ -82,13 +76,7 @@ export async function showPathInExplorer(path: string, isDir?: boolean): Promise
   }
 
   try {
-    if (isDir) {
-      await runCmd('explorer', [path])
-    } else {
-      await runCmd('explorer', ['/select,', path])
-    }
-
-    return true
+    return await getRuntime().spawn.showPathInExplorer(path, isDir)
   } catch {
     return false
   }
@@ -183,7 +171,7 @@ export function getFileExtension(inputPath: string): string {
  * @returns 连接后的路径
  * 
  * @example
- * joinPath('folder', 'subfolder', 'file.txt') // '/folder/subfolder/file.txt'
+ * joinPath('folder', 'subfolder', 'file.txt') // 'folder/subfolder/file.txt'
  * joinPath('/folder/', '/subfolder/') // '/folder/subfolder'
  */
 export function joinPath(...paths: string[]): string {
@@ -248,9 +236,7 @@ export function getPathDepth(inputPath: string): number {
  * @returns 目录是否存在
  */
 export async function fs_exist_dir(path: string): Promise<boolean> {
-  return (await invoke('fs_exist_dir', {
-    path: path,
-  })) as boolean
+  return await getRuntime().fs.existDir(path)
 }
 
 /**
@@ -260,9 +246,7 @@ export async function fs_exist_dir(path: string): Promise<boolean> {
  */
 export async function fs_make_dir(path: string): Promise<boolean> {
   try {
-    await invoke('fs_make_dir', {
-      path: path,
-    })
+    await getRuntime().fs.makeDir(path)
     return true
   } catch {
     return false
diff --git a/src/utils/logs.ts b/src/utils/logs.ts
index baa5a56..0c36d70 100644
--- a/src/utils/logs.ts
+++ b/src/utils/logs.ts
@@ -1,37 +1,12 @@
-import { invoke } from '@tauri-apps/api/core'
+import { getRuntime } from '../runtime/port'
 
 type ReadTailOptions = {
   maxBytes?: number
   allowMissing?: boolean
 }
 
-function looksLikeMissingFileError(e: unknown): boolean {
-  const msg =
-    typeof e === 'string'
-      ? e
-      : e && typeof e === 'object' && 'message' in e
-        ? String((e as { message?: unknown }).message)
-        : ''
-  if (!msg) return false
-  const m = msg.toLowerCase()
-  return (
-    m.includes('os error 2') ||
-    m.includes('no such file') ||
-    m.includes('cannot find') ||
-    msg.includes('系统找不到指定的文件')
-  )
-}
-
 async function readTextFileTail(path: string, opts: ReadTailOptions = {}): Promise<string> {
-  const maxBytes = opts.maxBytes ?? 256 * 1024
-  try {
-    return await invoke<string>('read_text_file_tail', { path, max_bytes: maxBytes })
-  } catch (e) {
-    if (opts.allowMissing ?? true) {
-      if (looksLikeMissingFileError(e)) return ''
-    }
-    throw e
-  }
+  return await getRuntime().fs.readTextFileTail(path, opts)
 }
 
 export { readTextFileTail }
diff --git a/src/utils/openlist/openlist.ts b/src/utils/openlist/openlist.ts
index 6a63850..e5be89d 100644
--- a/src/utils/openlist/openlist.ts
+++ b/src/utils/openlist/openlist.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import { invoke } from '@tauri-apps/api/core'
+import { getRuntime } from '../../runtime/port'
 import { openlistDataDir } from './paths'
 import { openlistInfo } from '../../services/openlist'
 import { createStorage } from '../../services/storage/StorageCreationService'
@@ -91,17 +91,17 @@ async function modifyOpenlistConfig(
 
   // 确保数据目录及子目录存在
   try {
-    await invoke('fs_make_dir', { path: dataDir })
-    await invoke('fs_make_dir', { path: joinDir(dataDir, 'data') })
-    await invoke('fs_make_dir', { path: joinDir(dataDir, 'log') })
-    await invoke('fs_make_dir', { path: joinDir(dataDir, 'bleve') })
+    await getRuntime().fs.makeDir(dataDir)
+    await getRuntime().fs.makeDir(joinDir(dataDir, 'data'))
+    await getRuntime().fs.makeDir(joinDir(dataDir, 'log'))
+    await getRuntime().fs.makeDir(joinDir(dataDir, 'bleve'))
   } catch (e) {
     // 目录可能已存在
   }
 
   let oldOpenlistConfig: Record<string, unknown> = {}
   try {
-    oldOpenlistConfig = (await invoke('read_json_file', { path: configPath })) as Record<
+    oldOpenlistConfig = (await getRuntime().fs.readJsonFile(configPath)) as Record<
       string,
       unknown
     >
@@ -157,7 +157,7 @@ async function modifyOpenlistConfig(
     newOpenlistConfig.temp_dir = toRelativePath(newOpenlistConfig.temp_dir)
   }
 
-  await invoke('write_json_file', { configData: newOpenlistConfig, path: configPath })
+  await getRuntime().fs.writeJsonFile(configPath, newOpenlistConfig)
 }
 
 async function addOpenlistInRclone() {
diff --git a/src/utils/openlist/process.ts b/src/utils/openlist/process.ts
index 5deb230..7be30d0 100644
--- a/src/utils/openlist/process.ts
+++ b/src/utils/openlist/process.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-import { Child } from '@tauri-apps/plugin-shell'
 import { formatPath, getAvailablePorts } from '../index'
 import { openlistInfo } from '../../services/openlist'
 import { nmConfig, osInfo } from '../../services/ConfigService'
@@ -67,7 +66,7 @@ async function startOpenlist() {
     throw new Error(`Failed to spawn OpenList: ${e}`)
   }
 
-  openlistInfo.process.child = { pid } as Child
+  openlistInfo.process.child = { pid }
   openlistInfo.process.log = '' // 初始化日志
   openlistInfo.process.logFile = openlistLogFile()
   logger.info('openlist spawned from Rust', 'OpenList', { pid })
diff --git a/src/utils/rclone/process.ts b/src/utils/rclone/process.ts
index 3940bd0..7c57f1d 100644
--- a/src/utils/rclone/process.ts
+++ b/src/utils/rclone/process.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
-import { invoke } from '@tauri-apps/api/core'
-import { Child } from '@tauri-apps/plugin-shell'
+import { getRuntime } from '../../runtime/port'
 import { rcloneInfo } from '../../services/rclone'
 import { rclone_api_noop, rclone_api_post } from './request'
 import { formatPath, getAvailablePorts } from '../index'
@@ -53,12 +52,8 @@ async function startRclone() {
   )
 
   // 确保缓存和临时目录存在
-  try {
-    await invoke('fs_make_dir', { path: rcloneInfo.localArgs.path.tempDir })
-    await invoke('fs_make_dir', { path: rcloneTempDir })
-  } catch {
-    // ignore - rclone will create it if needed
-  }
+  await getRuntime().fs.makeDir(rcloneInfo.localArgs.path.tempDir)
+  await getRuntime().fs.makeDir(rcloneTempDir)
 
   //自动分配端口
   rcloneInfo.endpoint.localhost.port = (await getAvailablePorts(2))[1]!
@@ -68,11 +63,7 @@ async function startRclone() {
   // 确保日志目录存在（用于"设置-组件-日志"查看）
   const logDir = netmountLogDir()
   const logFile = rcloneLogFile()
-  try {
-    await invoke('fs_make_dir', { path: logDir })
-  } catch {
-    // ignore
-  }
+  await getRuntime().fs.makeDir(logDir)
   rcloneInfo.process.logFile = logFile
 
   const args: string[] = [
@@ -80,7 +71,7 @@ async function startRclone() {
     `--rc-addr=:${rcloneInfo.endpoint.localhost.port.toString()}`,
     `--rc-user=${nmConfig.framework.rclone.user}`,
     `--rc-pass=${nmConfig.framework.rclone.password}`,
-    '--rc-allow-origin=' + window.location.origin || '*',
+    '--rc-allow-origin=' + (rcloneInfo.endpoint.url || '*'),
     `--config=${rcloneConfigFile()}`,
     '--cache-dir=' + rcloneInfo.localArgs.path.tempDir,
     '--temp-dir=' + rcloneTempDir,
@@ -112,7 +103,7 @@ async function startRclone() {
     readyCheck: rclone_api_noop,
     initialDelayMs: 1000,
   })
-  rcloneInfo.process.child = { pid } as Child
+  rcloneInfo.process.child = { pid }
   logger.info('rclone spawned from Rust', 'Rclone', { pid })
 }
 
diff --git a/src/utils/rclone/request.ts b/src/utils/rclone/request.ts
index 202424a..8c073ea 100644
--- a/src/utils/rclone/request.ts
+++ b/src/utils/rclone/request.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import { Message } from '@arco-design/web-react'
+import { getRuntime } from '../../runtime/port'
 import { rcloneInfo } from '../../services/rclone'
 import { logger } from '../../services/LoggerService'
 import { buildApiUrl, getRcloneApiHeaders, handleApiResponse } from './httpClient'
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ async function printError(error: Error | Response): Promise<void> {
   }
 
   if (errorMessage) {
-    Message.error(errorMessage)
+    getRuntime().notify('error', errorMessage)
   }
 }
 
@@ -203,14 +203,14 @@ async function rclone_api_wait_for_job(
       } else {
         const errorMsg = status.error || 'Unknown error'
         logger.error(`Job ${jobid} failed: ${errorMsg}`)
-        Message.error(`Task failed: ${errorMsg}`)
+        getRuntime().notify('error', `Task failed: ${errorMsg}`)
         return false
       }
     }
 
     if (timeout > 0 && Date.now() - startTime > timeout) {
       logger.error(`Job ${jobid} timed out`, undefined, 'Rclone')
-      Message.error('Task timed out')
+      getRuntime().notify('error', 'Task timed out')
       await rclone_api_post('/job/stop', { jobid }, true).catch(() => {})
       return false
     }
diff --git a/src/utils/sidecar.ts b/src/utils/sidecar.ts
index 8349494..941980f 100644
--- a/src/utils/sidecar.ts
+++ b/src/utils/sidecar.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import { invoke } from '@tauri-apps/api/core'
+import { getRuntime } from '../runtime/port'
 import { sleep } from './index'
 import { logger } from '../services/LoggerService'
 
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ function shortSidecarName(nameOrBinary: string): string {
 }
 
 async function spawnSidecar(binary: string, args: string[], cwd?: string): Promise<number> {
-  return await invoke<number>('spawn_sidecar', { name: binary, args, cwd })
+  return await getRuntime().spawn.spawnSidecar(binary, args, cwd)
 }
 
 async function runSidecarOnce(
@@ -28,17 +28,12 @@ async function runSidecarOnce(
   args: string[],
   opts?: { timeoutMs?: number; cwd?: string }
 ): Promise<RunSidecarOnceResult> {
-  return await invoke<RunSidecarOnceResult>('run_sidecar_once', {
-    name: binary,
-    args,
-    timeout_ms: opts?.timeoutMs,
-    cwd: opts?.cwd,
-  })
+  return await getRuntime().spawn.runSidecarOnce(binary, args, opts)
 }
 
 async function killSidecar(nameOrBinary: string): Promise<boolean> {
   const name = shortSidecarName(nameOrBinary)
-  return (await invoke('kill_sidecar', { name })) as boolean
+  return await getRuntime().spawn.killSidecar(name)
 }
 
 async function waitForReady(check: () => Promise<boolean>, opts: WaitReadyOptions): Promise<void> {
diff --git a/src/utils/system/index.ts b/src/utils/system/index.ts
index 9e7ef67..fc543b9 100644
--- a/src/utils/system/index.ts
+++ b/src/utils/system/index.ts
@@ -1,20 +1,18 @@
-import { invoke } from '@tauri-apps/api/core'
+import { getRuntime } from '../../runtime/port'
 
 /**
  * 切换开发者工具状态
  * @param state - true 打开，false 关闭
  */
 export async function set_devtools_state(state: boolean): Promise<void> {
-  await invoke('toggle_devtools', {
-    preferred_open: state,
-  })
+  await getRuntime().system.setDevtoolsState(state)
 }
 
 /**
  * 重启应用程序
  */
 export async function restartSelf(): Promise<void> {
-  await invoke('restart_self')
+  await getRuntime().system.restartSelf()
 }
 
 /**
@@ -31,5 +29,5 @@ export async function sleep(ms: number): Promise<void> {
  * @returns 可用端口数组
  */
 export async function getAvailablePorts(count: number = 1): Promise<number[]> {
-  return (await invoke('get_available_ports', { count: count })) as number[]
+  return await getRuntime().paths.availablePorts(count)
 }
diff --git a/src/utils/tauri/cmd.ts b/src/utils/tauri/cmd.ts
index 971e312..40c55f4 100644
--- a/src/utils/tauri/cmd.ts
+++ b/src/utils/tauri/cmd.ts
@@ -1,16 +1,8 @@
-import { Command } from '@tauri-apps/plugin-shell'
+import { getRuntime } from '../../runtime/port'
 
 async function runCmd(cmd: string, args: string[]): Promise<string> {
-  const commandInstance = Command.create(cmd, args)
-
   try {
-    const result = await commandInstance.execute()
-
-    if (result.code === 0) {
-      return result.stdout
-    } else {
-      throw new Error(`Command failed with exit code ${result.code}: ${cmd} ${args.join(' ')}\nError: ${result.stderr}`)
-    }
+    return await getRuntime().spawn.runCmd(cmd, args)
   } catch (error: unknown) {
     if (error instanceof Error) {
       throw new Error(`Failed to execute command: ${cmd} ${args.join(' ')}\n${error.message}`)
diff --git a/src/utils/tauri/osInfo.ts b/src/utils/tauri/osInfo.ts
index 972b311..a4a31e1 100644
--- a/src/utils/tauri/osInfo.ts
+++ b/src/utils/tauri/osInfo.ts
@@ -1,15 +1,12 @@
-import * as os from '@tauri-apps/plugin-os'
 import { setOsInfo } from '../../services/ConfigService'
-import { invoke } from '@tauri-apps/api/core'
+import { getRuntime } from '../../runtime/port'
+import type { OSInfo } from '../../type/config'
 
 async function getOsInfo() {
-  setOsInfo({
-    arch: await os.arch(),
-    osType: await os.type(),
-    platform: await os.platform(),
-    tempDir: await invoke('get_temp_dir'),
-    osVersion: await os.version(),
-  })
+  // The runtime port returns plain strings (decoupled from @tauri-apps Arch/
+  // OsType/Platform enums); at runtime these are produced by os.arch()/type()/
+  // platform() so they are valid OSInfo values.
+  setOsInfo((await getRuntime().osInfo.info()) as OSInfo)
 }
 
 export { getOsInfo }
diff --git a/src/utils/tempCleanup.ts b/src/utils/tempCleanup.ts
index c30c904..a3eb377 100644
--- a/src/utils/tempCleanup.ts
+++ b/src/utils/tempCleanup.ts
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  * 在卸载和退出时清理临时文件和缓存文件
  */
 
-import { invoke } from '@tauri-apps/api/core'
+import { getRuntime } from '../runtime/port'
 import { nmConfig, osInfo } from '../services/ConfigService'
 import { logger } from '../services/LoggerService'
 import { netmountLogDir } from './netmountPaths'
@@ -92,15 +92,13 @@ export function stopPeriodicCleanup(): void {
  */
 async function cleanupDirectory(dirPath: string, minAge: string): Promise<void> {
   try {
-    const exists = await invoke<boolean>('fs_exist_dir', { path: dirPath })
+    const exists = await getRuntime().fs.existDir(dirPath)
     if (!exists) {
       return
     }
 
-    await invoke('run_sidecar_once', {
-      name: 'binaries/rclone',
-      args: ['delete', dirPath, '--min-age', minAge],
-      timeout_ms: 30000,
+    await getRuntime().spawn.runSidecarOnce('binaries/rclone', ['delete', dirPath, '--min-age', minAge], {
+      timeoutMs: 30000,
     }).catch(() => {
       // 忽略错误，清理失败不影响主流程
     })
@@ -115,15 +113,13 @@ async function cleanupDirectory(dirPath: string, minAge: string): Promise<void>
  */
 async function purgeDirectory(dirPath: string, timeoutMs: number = 30000): Promise<void> {
   try {
-    const exists = await invoke<boolean>('fs_exist_dir', { path: dirPath })
+    const exists = await getRuntime().fs.existDir(dirPath)
     if (!exists) {
       return
     }
 
-    await invoke('run_sidecar_once', {
-      name: 'binaries/rclone',
-      args: ['purge', dirPath],
-      timeout_ms: timeoutMs,
+    await getRuntime().spawn.runSidecarOnce('binaries/rclone', ['purge', dirPath], {
+      timeoutMs,
     }).catch(() => {
       // 忽略错误
     })
@@ -137,16 +133,14 @@ async function purgeDirectory(dirPath: string, timeoutMs: number = 30000): Promi
  */
 async function cleanupOldLogs(logDir: string, minAge: string): Promise<void> {
   try {
-    const exists = await invoke<boolean>('fs_exist_dir', { path: logDir })
+    const exists = await getRuntime().fs.existDir(logDir)
     if (!exists) {
       return
     }
 
     // 只清理 .log.1, .log.2 等轮转日志，保留当前日志
-    await invoke('run_sidecar_once', {
-      name: 'binaries/rclone',
-      args: ['delete', logDir, '--include', '*.log.*', '--min-age', minAge],
-      timeout_ms: 30000,
+    await getRuntime().spawn.runSidecarOnce('binaries/rclone', ['delete', logDir, '--include', '*.log.*', '--min-age', minAge], {
+      timeoutMs: 30000,
     }).catch(() => {
       // 忽略错误
     })
@@ -173,10 +167,8 @@ export async function cleanupVfsCacheOnUnmount(storageName: string): Promise<voi
     // 2. 尝试清理该存储在 VFS 缓存中的残留文件
     // rclone VFS 缓存路径格式: <cache-dir>/vfs/<remote>/<path>
     // 使用 rclone cleanup 命令清理缓存中的残留文件
-    await invoke('run_sidecar_once', {
-      name: 'binaries/rclone',
-      args: ['cleanup', storageName + ':'],
-      timeout_ms: 15000,
+    await getRuntime().spawn.runSidecarOnce('binaries/rclone', ['cleanup', storageName + ':'], {
+      timeoutMs: 15000,
     }).catch(() => {
       // cleanup 可能因远程不可用而失败，忽略
     })