wallet-cli: Move sqlite persistence from `wallet` to `wallet-cli`

[rekmarks]

Ref: #8446

We introduced a better-sqlite3 persistence mechanism to the wallet package in #8417. Since that package is intended to be platform-agnostic, the entire packages/wallet/src/persistence directory should instead be migrated to packages/wallet-cli. There, the persistence mechanism should be integrated with the wallet initialization and tested end-to-end.